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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15272-8.txt b/15272-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f04c1f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/15272-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11772 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Book I, by +Edmund Spenser, et al, Edited by George Armstrong Wauchope + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Book I + +Author: Edmund Spenser + +Release Date: March 7, 2005 [eBook #15272] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPENSER'S THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK +I*** + + +E-text prepared by Charles Franks, Keith Edkins, and the Project Gutenberg +Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + SPENSER'S + THE FAERIE QUEENE + + BOOK I + + EDITED WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES + BY + GEORGE ARMSTRONG WAUCHOPE, M.A., Ph.D. + +Professor of English in the South Carolina College + + _Velut inter ignes luna minores_ + + New York + The Macmillan Company + London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd. + 1921 +Set up and electrotyped. Published September, 1903. + + + + + + + + CONTENTS + +INTRODUCTION: + I. The Age which produced the Faerie Queene + II. The Author of the Faerie Queene + III. Study of the Faerie Queene: + 1. A Romantic Epic + 2. Influence of the New Learning + 3. Interpretation of the Allegory + 4. The Spenserian Stanza + 5. Versification + 6. Diction and Style + IV. Chronological Table of Events + +THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I: + Letter to Sir Walter Raleigh + Sonnet to Sir Walter Raleigh + Dedication to Queen Elizabeth + Canto I + Canto II + Canto III + Canto IV + Canto V + Canto VI + Canto VII + Canto VIII + Canto IX + Canto X + Canto XI + Canto XII + +NOTES + +GLOSSARY + + * * * * * + +INTRODUCTION + +I. THE AGE WHICH PRODUCED THE _FAERIE QUEENE_ + +The study of the _Faerie Queene_ should be preceded by a review of the +great age in which it was written. An intimate relation exists between the +history of the English nation and the works of English authors. This close +connection between purely external events and literary masterpieces is +especially marked in a study of the Elizabethan Age. To understand the +marvelous outburst of song, the incomparable drama, and the stately prose +of this period, one must enter deeply into the political, social, and +religious life of the times. + +The _Faerie Queene_ was the product of certain definite conditions which +existed in England toward the close of the sixteenth century. The first of +these national conditions was the movement known as the _revival of +chivalry_; the second was the _spirit of nationality_ fostered by the +English Reformation; and the third was that phase of the English +Renaissance commonly called the _revival of learning_. + +The closing decade of Queen Elizabeth's reign was marked by a strong +reaction toward romanticism. The feudal system with its many imperfections +had become a memory, and had been idealized by the people. The nation felt +pride in its new aristocracy, sprung largely from the middle class, and +based rather on worth than ancestry. The bitterness of the Wars of the +Roses was forgotten, and was succeeded by an era of reconciliation and good +feeling. England was united in a heroic queen whom all sects, ranks, and +parties idolized. The whole country exulting in its new sense of freedom +and power became a fairyland of youth, springtime, and romantic +achievement. + +Wise and gallant courtiers, like Sidney, Leicester, and Raleigh, gathered +about the queen, and formed a new chivalry devoted to deeds of adventure +and exploits of mind in her honor. The spirit of the old sea-kings lived +again in Drake and his bold buccaneers, who swept the proud Spaniards from +the seas. With the defeat of the Invincible Armada, the greatest naval +expedition of modern times, the fear of Spanish and Catholic domination +rolled away. The whole land was saturated with an unexpressed poetry, and +the imagination of young and old was so fired with patriotism and noble +endeavor that nothing seemed impossible. Add to this intense delight in +life, with all its mystery, beauty, and power, the keen zest for learning +which filled the air that men breathed, and it is easy to understand that +the time was ripe for a new and brilliant epoch in literature. First among +the poetic geniuses of the Elizabethan period came Edmund Spenser with his +_Faerie Queene_, the allegory of an ideal chivalry. + +This poem is one of the fruits of that intellectual awakening which first +fertilized Italian thought in the twelfth century, and, slowly spreading +over Europe, made its way into England in the fifteenth century. The mighty +impulse of this New Learning culminated during the reign of the Virgin +Queen in a profound quickening of the national consciousness, and in +arousing an intense curiosity to know and to imitate the rich treasures of +the classics and romance. Its first phase was the _classical revival_. The +tyrannous authority of ecclesiasticism had long since been broken; a +general reaction from Christian asceticism had set in; and by the side of +the ceremonies of the church had been introduced a semi-pagan religion of +art--the worship of moral and sensuous beauty. Illiteracy was no longer the +style at court. Elizabeth herself set the example in the study of Greek. +Books and manuscripts were eagerly sought after, Scholars became conversant +with Homer, Plato, Aristotle, and the great tragic poets Sophocles, +Euripides, and Ęschylus; and translations for the many of Vergil, Ovid, +Plautus, Terence, and Seneca poured forth from the printing-presses of +London. The English mind was strongly tempered by the idealistic philosophy +of Plato and Aristotle, and the influence of Latin tragedy and comedy was +strongly felt by the early English drama. + +Along with this classical culture came a higher appreciation of the _beauty +of medięvalism_. The romantic tendency of the age fostered the study of the +great epics of chivalry, Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ and Tasso's _Jerusalem +Delivered_, and of the cycles of French romance. From the Italian poets +especially Spenser borrowed freely. Ariosto's fresh naturalness and magic +machinery influenced him most strongly, but he was indebted to the +semi-classical Tasso for whole scenes. On the whole, therefore, Spenser's +literary affinities were more with the Gothic than the classical. + +Spenser was also the spokesman of his time on religious questions. The +violent controversies of the Reformation period were over. Having turned +from the beliefs of ages with passionate rejection, the English people had +achieved religious freedom, and were strongly rooted in Protestantism, +which took on a distinctly national aspect. That Calvinism was at that time +the popular and aristocratic form of Protestantism is evident from +references in the _Faerie Queene_. + +Spenser lived in the afterglow of the great age of chivalry. The passing +glories of knighthood in its flower impressed his imagination like a +gorgeous dream, and he was thus inspired to catch and crystallize into +permanent art its romantic spirit and heroic deeds. Into the framework of +his romance of chivalry he inserted a veiled picture of the struggles and +sufferings of his own people in Ireland. The _Faerie Queene_ might almost +be called the epic of the English conquest of Ireland. The poet himself and +many of his friends were in that unhappy island as representatives of the +queen's government, trying to pacify the natives, and establish law and +order out of discontent and anarchy. Spenser's poem was written for the +most part amidst all these scenes of misery and disorder, and the courage, +justice, and energy shown by his countrymen were aptly portrayed under the +allegory of a mighty spiritual warfare of the knights of old against the +power of evil. + +Spenser's essay on _A View of the Present State of Ireland_ shows that, far +from shutting himself up in a fool's paradise of fancy, he was fully awake +to the social and political condition of that turbulent island, and that it +furnished him with concrete examples of those vices and virtues, bold +encounters and hair-breadth escapes, strange wanderings and deeds of +violence, with which he has crowded the allegory of the _Faerie Queene_. + +II. THE AUTHOR OF THE _FAERIE QUEENE_ + +Edmund Spenser was born in London near the Tower in the year 1552. His +parents were poor, though they were probably connected with the Lancashire +branch of the old family of Le Despensers, "an house of ancient fame," from +which the Northampton Spencers were also descended. The poet's familiarity +with the rural life and dialect of the north country supports the theory +that as a boy he spent some time in Lancashire. Beyond two or three facts, +nothing is known with certainty of his early years. He himself tells us +that his mother's name was Elizabeth, and that London was his "most kindly +nurse." His name is mentioned as one of six poor pupils of the Merchant +Taylors' School, who received assistance from a generous country squire. + +At the age of seventeen, Master Edmund became a student in Pembroke Hall, +one of the colleges of the great University of Cambridge. His position was +that of a sizar, or paid scholar, who was exempt from the payment of +tuition fees and earned his way by serving in the dining hall or performing +other menial duties. His poverty, however, did not prevent him from forming +many helpful friendships with his fellow-students. Among his most valued +friends he numbered Launcelot Andrews, afterward Bishop of Winchester, +Edward Kirke, a young man of Spenser's own age, who soon after edited his +friend's first important poem, the _Shepheards Calender_, with elaborate +notes, and most important of all, the famous classical scholar, a fellow of +Pembroke, Gabriel Harvey, who was a few years older than Spenser, and was +later immortalized as the Hobbinoll of the _Faerie Queene_. It was by +Harvey that the poet was introduced to Sir Philip Sidney, the most +accomplished gentleman in England, and a favorite of Queen Elizabeth. + +Spenser's residence in Cambridge extended over seven years, during which he +received the usual degrees of bachelor and master of arts. He became one of +the most learned of English poets, and we may infer that while at this seat +of learning he laid the foundations for his wide scholarship in the +diligent study of the Greek and Latin classics, the philosophy of Plato and +Aristotle, the pastoral poetry of Theocritus and Vergil, and the great +medięval epics of Italian literature. On account of some misunderstanding +with the master and tutors of his college, Spenser failed to receive the +appointment to a fellowship, and left the University in 1576, at the age of +twenty-four. His failure to attain the highest scholastic recognition was +due, it is supposed, to his being involved in some of the dangerous +controversies which were ripe in Cambridge at that time "with daily +spawning of new opinions and heresies in divinity, in philosophy, in +humanity, and in manners." + +On leaving the University, Spenser resided for about a year with relatives +in Lancashire, where he found employment. During this time he had an +unrequited love affair with an unknown beauty whom he celebrated in the +_Shepheards Calender_ under the name of Rosalind, "the widow's daughter of +the glen." A rival, Menalchas, was more successful in finding favor with +his fair neighbor. Although he had before this turned his attention to +poetry by translating the sonnets of Petrarch and Du Bellay (published in +1569), it was while here in the North country that he first showed his high +poetic gifts in original composition. + +After a visit to Sir Philip Sidney at Penshurst, Spenser went down to +London with his friend in 1578, and was presented to Sidney's great uncle, +the Earl of Leicester. He thus at once had an opportunity for advancement +through the influence of powerful patrons, a necessity with poor young +authors in that age. An immediate result of his acquaintance with Sidney, +with whom he was now on relations of intimate friendship, was an +introduction into the best society of the metropolis. This period of +association with many of the most distinguished and cultivated men in +England, together with the succession of brilliant pageants, masks, and +processions, which he witnessed at court and at Lord Leicester's mansion, +must have done much to refine his tastes and broaden his outlook on the +world. + +In personal appearance Spenser was a fine type of a sixteenth century +gentleman. The grace and dignity of his bearing was enhanced by a face of +tender and thoughtful expression in which warmth of feeling was subdued by +the informing spirit of refinement, truthfulness, simplicity, and nobility. +He possessed a fine dome-like forehead, curling hair, brown eyes, full +sensuous lips, and a nose that was straight and strongly moulded. His long +spare face was adorned with a full mustache and a closely cropped Van Dyke +beard. + +The _Shepheards Calender_ was published in the winter of 1579 with a +grateful and complimentary dedication to Sidney. It is an academic exercise +consisting of a series of twelve pastoral poems in imitation of the +eclogues of Vergil and Theocritus. The poem is cast in the form of +dialogues between shepherds, who converse on such subjects as love, +religion, and old age. In three eclogues the poet attacks with Puritan zeal +the pomp and sloth of the worldly clergy, and one is devoted to the courtly +praise of the queen. It was at once recognized as the most notable poem +that had appeared since the death of Chaucer, and placed Spenser +immediately at the head of living English poets. + +In 1580 Spenser went over to Ireland as private secretary to Lord Grey of +Wilton, the Artegall of the Legend of Justice in the _Faerie Queene_. After +the recall of his patron he remained in that turbulent island in various +civil positions for the rest of his life, with the exception of two or +three visits and a last sad flight to England. For seven years he was clerk +of the Court of Chancery in Dublin, and then was appointed clerk to the +Council of Munster. In 1586 he was granted the forfeited estate of the Earl +of Desmond in Cork County, and two years later took up his residence in +Kilcolman Castle, which was beautifully situated on a lake with a distant +view of mountains. In the disturbed political condition of the country, +life here seemed a sort of exile to the poet, but its very loneliness and +danger gave the stimulus needed for the development of his peculiar genius. + +"Here," says Mr. Stopford Brooke, "at the foot of the Galtees, and bordered +to the north by the wild country, the scenery of which is frequently +painted in the _Faerie Queene_ and in whose woods and savage places such +adventures constantly took place in the service of Elizabeth as are +recorded in the _Faerie Queene_, the first three books of that great poem +were finished." Spenser had spent the first three years of his residence at +Kilcolman at work on this masterpiece, which had been begun in England, +under the encouragement of Sidney, probably before 1580. The knightly +Sidney died heroically at the battle of Zutphen, in 1586, and Spenser +voiced the lament of all England in the beautiful pastoral elegy +_Astrophel_ which he composed in memory of "the most noble and valorous +knight." + +Soon after coming to Ireland, Spenser made the acquaintance of Sir Walter +Raleigh, which erelong ripened into intimate friendship. A memorable visit +from Raleigh, who was now a neighbor of the poet's, having also received a +part of the forfeited Desmond estate, led to the publication of the _Faerie +Queene_. Sitting under the shade "of the green alders of the Mulla's +shore," Spenser read to his guest the first books of his poem. So pleased +was Raleigh that he persuaded the poet to accompany him to London, and +there lay his poem at the feet of the great queen, whose praises he had so +gloriously sung. The trip was made, Spenser was presented to Elizabeth, and +read to her Majesty the three Legends of Holiness, Temperance, and +Chastity. She was delighted with the fragmentary epic in which she heard +herself delicately complimented in turn as Gloriana, Belphoebe, and +Britomart, conferred upon the poet a pension of £50 yearly, and permitted +the _Faerie Queene_ to be published with a dedication to herself. Launched +under such auspices, it is no wonder that the poem was received by the +court and all England with unprecedented applause. + +The next year while still in London, Spenser collected his early poems and +issued them under the title of _Complaints_. In this volume were the _Ruins +of Time_ and the _Tears of the Muses_, two poems on the indifference shown +to literature before 1580, and the remarkable _Mother Hubberds Tale_, a +bitter satire on the army, the court, the church, and politics. His +_Daphnaida_ was also published about the same time. On his return to +Ireland he gave a charming picture of life at Kilcolman Castle, with an +account of his visit to the court, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_. The +story of the long and desperate courtship of his second love, Elizabeth, +whom he wedded in 1594, is told in the _Amoretti_, a sonnet sequence full +of passion and tenderness. His rapturous wedding ode, the _Epithalamion_, +which is, by general consent, the most glorious bridal song in our +language, and the most perfect of all his poems in its freshness, purity, +and passion, was also published in 1595. The next year Spenser was back in +London and published the _Prothalamion_, a lovely ode on the marriage of +Lord Worcester's daughters, and his four _Hymns_ on Love and Beauty, +Heavenly Love, and Heavenly Beauty. The first two _Hymns_ are early poems, +and the two latter maturer work embodying Petrarch's philosophy, which +teaches that earthly love is a ladder that leads men to the love of God. In +this year, 1596, also appeared the last three books of the _Faerie Queene_, +containing the Legends of Friendship, Justice, and Courtesy. + +At the height of his fame, happiness, and prosperity, Spenser returned for +the last time to Ireland in 1597, and was recommended by the queen for the +office of Sheriff of Cork. Surrounded by his beloved wife and children, his +domestic life was serene and happy, but in gloomy contrast his public life +was stormy and full of anxiety and danger. He was the acknowledged prince +of living poets, and was planning the completion of his mighty epic of the +private virtues in twelve books, to be followed by twelve more on the civic +virtues. The native Irish had steadily withstood his claim to the estate, +and continually harassed him with lawsuits. They detested their foreign +oppressors and awaited a favorable opportunity to rise. Discord and riot +increased on all sides. The ever growing murmurs of discontent gave place +to cries for vengeance and unrepressed acts of hostility. Finally, in the +fall of 1598, there occurred a fearful uprising known as Tyrone's +Rebellion, in which the outraged peasants fiercely attacked the castle, +plundering and burning. Spenser and his family barely escaped with their +lives. According to one old tradition, an infant child was left behind in +the hurried flight and perished in the flames; but this has been shown to +be but one of the wild rumors repeated to exaggerate the horror of the +uprising. Long after Spenser's death, it was also rumored that the last six +books of the _Faerie Queene_ had been lost in the flight; but the story is +now utterly discredited. + +Spenser once more arrived in London, but he was now in dire distress and +prostrated by the hardships which he had suffered. There on January 16, +1599, at a tavern in King Street, Westminster, the great poet died +broken-hearted and in poverty. Drummond of Hawthornden states that Ben +Jonson told him that Spenser "died for lack of bread in King Street, and +refused 20 pieces sent to him by my Lord of Essex, and said He was sorrie +he had no time to spend them." The story is probably a bit of exaggerated +gossip. He was buried close to the tomb of Chaucer in the Poets' Corner in +Westminster Abbey, his fellow-poets bearing the pall, and the Earl of Essex +defraying the expenses of the funeral. Referring to the death of Spenser's +great contemporary, Basse wrote:-- + + "Renownčd Spenser, lie a thought more nigh + To learnčd Chaucer, and rare Beaumont, lie + A little nearer Spenser, to make room + For Shakespeare in your threefold, fourfold tomb." + +"Thus," says Mr. Stopford Brooke, appropriately, "London, 'his most kindly +nurse,' takes care also of his dust, and England keeps him in her love." + +Spenser's influence on English poetry can hardly be overestimated. Keats +called him "the poets' poet," a title which has been universally approved. +"He is the poet of all others," says Mr. Saintsbury, "for those who seek in +poetry only poetical qualities." His work has appealed most strongly to +those who have been poets themselves, for with him the poetical attraction +is supreme. Many of the greatest poets have delighted to call him master, +and have shown him the same loving reverence which he gave to Chaucer. +Minor poets like Sidney, Drayton, and Daniel paid tribute to his +inspiration; Milton was deeply indebted to him, especially in _Lycidas_; +and many of the pensive poets of the seventeenth century show traces of his +influence. "Spenser delighted Shakespeare," says Mr. Church; "he was the +poetical master of Cowley, and then of Milton, and in a sense of Dryden, +and even Pope." Giles and Phineas Fletcher, William Browne, Sir William +Alexander, Shenstone, Collins, Cowley, Gray, and James Thomson were all +direct followers of Spenser. His influence upon the poets of the romantic +revival of the nineteenth century is even more marked. "Spenser begot +Keats," says Mr. Saintsbury, "and Keats begot Tennyson, and Tennyson begot +all the rest." Among this notable company of disciples should be mentioned +especially Rossetti, Morris, and Swinburne. If we include within the sphere +of Spenser's influence also those who have made use of the stanza which he +invented, we must add the names of Burns, Shelley, Byron, Beattie, +Campbell, Scott, and Wordsworth. When we consider the large number of poets +in whom Spenser awakened the poetic gift, or those to whose powers he gave +direction, we may safely pronounce him the most seminal poet in the +language. + +III. STUDY OF THE _FAERIE QUEENE_ + +1. A ROMANTIC EPIC.--The _Faerie Queene_ is the most perfect type which we +have in English of the purely _romantic poem_. Four elements enter into its +composition: "it is pastoral by association, chivalrous by temper, ethical +by tendency, and allegorical by treatment" (Renton). Its subject was taken +from the old cycle of Arthurian legends, which were brightened with the +terrorless magic of Ariosto and Tasso. The scene of the adventures is laid +in the enchanted forests and castles of the far away and unreal fairyland +of medięval chivalry, and the incidents themselves are either highly +improbable or frankly impossible. The language is frequently archaic and +designedly unfamiliar. Much of the machinery and properties used in +carrying on the story, such as speaking myrtles, magic mirrors, swords, +rings, impenetrable armor, and healing fountains, is supernatural. All the +characters--the knights, ladies, dwarfs, magicians, dragons, nymphs, +satyrs, and giants--are the conventional figures of pastoral romance. + +The framework of the plot of the _Faerie Queene_ is vast and loosely put +together. There are six main stories, or legends, and each contains several +digressions and involved episodes. The plan of the entire work, which the +author only half completed, is outlined in his letter to Sir Walter +Raleigh. This letter serves as an admirable introduction to the poem, and +should be read attentively by the student. Gloriana, the Queen of +Fairyland, holds at her court a solemn feudal festival, lasting twelve +days, during which she sends forth twelve of her greatest knights on as +many separate adventures. The knights are commissioned to champion the +cause of persons in distress and redress their wrongs. The ideal knight, +Prince Arthur, is the central male figure of the poem. He is enamoured of +Gloriana, having seen her in a wondrous vision, and is represented as +journeying in quest of her. He appears in all of the legends at opportune +moments to succor the knights when they are hard beset or in the power of +their enemies. The six extant books contain respectively the legends of (I) +the Knight of the Redcrosse, or Holiness, (II) Sir Guyon, the Knight of +Temperance, (III) Britomart, the female Knight of Chastity, (IV) Sir +Campbell and Sir Triamond, the Knights of Friendship, (V) Sir Artegall, the +Knight of Justice, and (VI) Sir Caledore, the Knight of Courtesy. Book I is +an allegory of man's relation to God, Book II, of man's relation to +himself, Books III, IV, V, and VI, of man's relation to his fellow-man. +Prince Arthur, the personification of Magnificence, by which Spenser means +Magnanimity (Aristotle's [Greek: megalopsychķa]), is the ideal of a perfect +character, in which all the private virtues are united. It is a poem of +culture, inculcating the moral ideals of Aristotle and the teachings of +Christianity. + +2. INFLUENCE OF THE NEW LEARNING.--Like Milton, Gray, and other English +poets, Spenser was a scholar familiar with the best in ancient and modern +literature. As to Spenser's specific indebtedness, though he owed much in +incident and diction to Chaucer's version of the _Romance of the Rose_ and +to Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, the great epic poets, Tasso and Ariosto, +should be given first place. The resemblance of passages in the _Faerie +Queene_ to others in the _Orlando Furioso_ and the _Jerusalem Delivered_ is +so striking that some have accused the English poet of paraphrasing and +slavishly borrowing from the two Italians. Many of these parallels are +pointed out in the notes. To this criticism, Mr. Saintsbury remarks: "Not, +perhaps, till the _Orlando_ has been carefully read, and read in the +original, is Spenser's real greatness understood. He has often, and +evidently of purpose, challenged comparison; but in every instance it will +be found that his beauties are emphatically his own. He has followed +Ariosto only as Vergil has followed Homer, and much less slavishly." + +The influence of the New Learning is clearly evident in Spenser's use of +_classical mythology_. Greek myths are placed side by side with Christian +imagery and legends. Like Dante, the poet did not consider the Hellenic +doctrine of sensuous beauty to be antagonistic to the truths of religion. +There is sometimes an incongruous confusion of classicism and medięvalism, +as when a magician is seen in the house of Morpheus, and a sorcerer goes to +the realm of Pluto. Spenser was guided by a higher and truer sense of +beauty than the classical purists know. + +A very attractive element of his classicism is his _worship of beauty_. The +Greek conception of beauty included two forms--the sensuous and the +spiritual. So richly colored and voluptuous are his descriptions that he +has been called the painters' poet, "the Rubens," and "the Raphael of the +poets." As with Plato, Spenser's idea of the spiritually beautiful includes +the true and the good. Sensuous beauty is seen in the forms of external +nature, like the morning mist and sunshine, the rose gardens, the green +elders, and the quiet streams. His ideal of perfect sensuous and spiritual +beauty combined is found in womanhood. Such a one is Una, the dream of the +poet's young manhood, and we recognize in her one whose soul is as fair as +her face--an idealized type of a woman in real life who calls forth all our +love and reverence. + +3. INTERPRETATION OF THE ALLEGORY.--In the sixteenth century it was the +opinion of Puritan England that every literary masterpiece should not only +give entertainment, but should also teach some moral or spiritual lesson. +"No one," says Mr. Patee, "after reading Spenser's letter to Raleigh, can +wander far into Spenser's poem without the conviction that the author's +central purpose was didactic, almost as much as was Bunyan's in _Pilgrim's +Progress._" Milton doubtless had this feature of the _Faerie Queene_ in +mind when he wrote in _Il Penseroso_:-- + + "And if aught else great bards beside + In sage and solemn tunes have sung + Of turneys, and of trophies hung, + Of forests and enchantments drear, + _Where more is meant than meets the ear_." + +That the allegory of the poem is closely connected with its aim and ethical +tendency is evident from the statement of the author that "the generall end +therefore of all the booke is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in +vertuous and gentle discipline. Which for that I conceived should be most +plausible and pleasing, being coloured with an historical fiction, the +which the most part of men delight to read, rather for varietie of matter +then for profite of the ensample." The _Faerie Queene_ is, therefore, +according to the avowed purpose of its author, a poem of culture. Though it +is one of the most highly artistic works in the language, it is at the same +time one of the most didactic. "It professes," says Mr. Church, "to be a +veiled exposition of moral philosophy." + +The allegory is threefold,--moral, religious, and personal. + +(a) _Moral Allegory._--The characters all represent various virtues and +vices, whose intrigues and warfare against each other symbolize the +struggle of the human soul after perfection. The Redcross Knight, for +example, personifies the single private virtue of holiness, while Prince +Arthur stands for that perfect manhood which combines all the moral +qualities; Una represents abstract truth, while Gloriana symbolizes the +union of all the virtues in perfect womanhood. + +(b) _Religious or Spiritual Allegory._--Under this interpretation the +Redcross Knight is a personification of Protestant England, or the church +militant, while Una represents the true religion of the Reformed Church. On +the other hand, Archimago symbolizes the deceptions of the Jesuits and +Duessa the false Church of Rome masquerading as true religion. + +(c) _Personal and Political Allegory._--Here we find a concrete +presentation of many of Spenser's chief contemporaries. One of Spenser's +prime objects in composing his epic was to please certain powerful persons +at court, and above all to win praise and patronage from the vain and +flattery loving queen, whom he celebrates as Gloriana. Prince Arthur is a +character that similarly pays homage to Lord Leicester. In the Redcross +Knight he compliments, no doubt, some gentleman like Sir Philip Sidney or +Sir Walter Raleigh, as if he were a second St. George, the patron saint of +England, while in Una we may see idealized some fair lady of the court. In +Archimago he satirizes the odious King Philip II of Spain, and in false +Duessa the fascinating intriguer, Mary Queen of Scots, who was undeserving +so hard a blow. + +KEY TO THE ALLEGORY IN BOOK I + + _Characters_ _Moral_ _Religious and _Personal and + Spirtual_ Political_ + + Redcross Knight Holiness Reformed England St George + + Una Truth True Religion + + Prince Arthur Magnificence, or Protestantism, or Lord Leicester + Private Virtue the Church Militant + + Gloriana Glory Spirtual Beauty Queen Elizabeth + + Archimago Hypocrisy The Jesuits Phillip II of Spain + + Duessa Falsehood False Religion Mary Queen of Scots, + Church of Rome + + Orgoglio Carnal Pride Antichrist Pope Sixtus V + + The Lion Reason, Reformation by Force Henry VIII, + Natural Honor Civil Government + + The Dragon Sin The Devil, Satan Rome and Spain + + Sir Satyrane Natural Courage Law and Order Sir John Perrott + in Ireland + + The Monster Avarice Greed of Romanism Romish Priesthood + + Corceca Blind Devotion, Catholic Penance Irish Nuns + Superstition + + Abessa Flagrant Sin Immorality Irish Nuns + + Kirkrapine Church Robbery Religious State Irish Clergy + of Ireland and Laity + + Sansfoy Infidelity + + Sansjoy Joylessness Pagan Religion The Sultan and + the Saracens + + Sansloy Lawlessness + + The Dwarf Prudence, + Common Sense + + Sir Trevisan Fear + + The Squire Purity The Anglican Clergy + + The Horn Truth The English Bible + + Lucifera Pride, Vanity Woman of Babylon Church of Rome + + +4. THE SPENSERIAN STANZA.--The _Faerie Queene_ is written in the Spenserian +Stanza, a form which the poet himself invented as a suitable vehicle for a +long narrative poem. Suggestions for its construction were taken from three +Italian metres--the Ottava Rima, the Terza Rima, the Sonnet--and the +Ballade stanza. There are eight lines in the iambic pentameter measure +(five accents); e.g.-- + +v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- +a gen | tle knight | was prick | ing on | the plaine +followed by one iambic hexameter, or Alexandrine (six accents); e.g.-- + +v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- +as one | for knight | ly giusts | and fierce | encount | ers fitt +The rhymes are arranged in the following order: _ab ab bc bcc_. It will be +observed that the two quatrains are bound together by the first two b +rhymes, and the Alexandrine, which rhymes with the eighth line, draws out +the harmony with a peculiar lingering effect. In scanning and reading it is +necessary to observe the laws of accentuation and pronunciation prevailing +in Spenser's day; e.g. in _learned_ (I, i), _undeserved_ (I, ii), and +_woundes_ (V, xvii) the final syllable is sounded, _patience_ (X, xxix) is +trisyllabic, _devotion_ (X, xl) is four syllables, and _entertainment_ (X, +xxxvii) is accented on the second and fourth syllables. Frequently there is +in the line a cęsural pause, which may occur anywhere; e.g.-- + + "And quite dismembred hath; | the thirsty land + Dronke up his life; | his corse left on the strand." (III, xx.) + +The rhythm of the meter is also varied by the alternating of end-stopped +and run-on lines, as in the last quotation. An end-stopped line has a pause +at the end, usually indicated by some mark of punctuation. A run-on line +should be read closely with the following line with only a slight pause to +indicate the line-unit. Monotony is prevented by the occasional use of a +light or feminine ending--a syllable on which the voice does not or cannot +rest; e.g.-- + + "Then choosing out few words most horrible." (I, xxxvii.) + "That for his love refused deity." (III, xxi.) + "His ship far come from watrie wilderness." (III, xxxii.) + +The use of alliteration, i.e. having several words in a line beginning with +the same letter, is another device frequently employed by Spenser for +musical effect; e.g.-- + + "In which that wicked wight his dayes doth weare." (I, xxxvi.) + "Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleep them biddes." (I, xxxvi.) + +5. VERSIFICATION.--In the handling of his stanza, Spenser revealed a +harmony, sweetness, and color never before dreamed of in the English. Its +compass, which admitted of an almost endless variety of cadence, harmonized +well with the necessity for continuous narration. It appeals to the eye as +well as to the ear, with its now languid, now vigorous, but always graceful +turn of phrase. Its movement has been compared to the smooth, steady, +irresistible sweep of water in a mighty river. Like Lyly, Marlowe, and +Shakespeare, Spenser felt the new delight in the pictorial and musical +qualities of words, and invented new melodies and word pictures. He aimed +rather at finish, exactness, and fastidious neatness than at ease, freedom, +and irregularity; and if his versification has any fault, it is that of +monotony. The atmosphere is always perfectly adapted to the theme. + +6. DICTION AND STYLE.--The peculiar diction of the _Faerie Queene_ should +receive the careful attention of the student. As a romantic poet, Spenser +often preferred archaic and semi-obsolete language to more modern forms. He +uses four classes of words that were recognized as the proper and +conventional language of pastoral and romantic poetry; viz. (a) +_archaisms_, (b) _dialect_, (c) _classicisms_, and (d) _gallicisms_. He did +not hesitate to adopt from Chaucer many obsolete words and grammatical +forms. Examples are: the double negative with _ne_; _eyen_, _lenger_, +_doen_, _ycladd_, _harrowd_, _purchas_, _raught_, _seely_, _stowre_, +_swinge_, _owch_, and _withouten_. He also employs many old words from +Layamon, Wiclif, and Langland, like _swelt_, _younglings_, _noye_, _kest_, +_hurtle_, and _loft_. His dialectic forms are taken from the vernacular of +the North Lancashire folk with which he was familiar. Some are still a part +of the spoken language of that region, such as, _brent_, _cruddled_, +_forswat_, _fearen_, _forray_, _pight_, _sithen_, _carle_, and _carke_. + +Examples of his use of classical constructions are: the ablative absolute, +as, _which doen_ (IV, xliii); the relative construction with _when_, as, +_which when_ (I, xvii), _that when_ (VII, xi); the comparative of the +adjective in the sense of "too," as, _weaker_ (I, xlv), harder (II, xxxvi); +the participial construction after _till_, as, _till further tryall made_ +(I, xii); the superlative of location, as, _middest_ (IV, xv); and the old +gerundive, as, _wandering wood_ (I, xiii). Most of the gallicisms found are +anglicized loan words from the French _romans d'aventure_, such as, +_disseized_, _cheare_, _chappell_, _assoiled_, _guerdon_, _palfrey_, +_recreaunt_, _trenchand_, _syre_, and _trusse_. Notwithstanding Spenser's +use of foreign words and constructions, his language is as thoroughly +English in its idiom as that of any of our great poets. + +"I think that if he had not been a great poet," says Leigh Hunt, "he would +have been a great painter." + +"After reading," says Pope, "a canto of Spenser two or three days ago to an +old lady, between seventy and eighty years of age, she said that I had been +showing her a gallery of pictures. I do not know how it is, but she said +very right. There is something in Spenser that pleases one as strongly in +old age as it did in youth. I read the _Faerie Queene_ when I was about +twelve, with infinite delight; and I think it gave me as much, when I read +it over about a year or two ago." + +The imperishable charm of the poem lies in its appeal to the pure sense of +beauty. "A beautiful pagan dream," says Taine, "carries on a beautiful +dream of chivalry." The reader hears in its lines a stately and undulating +rhythm that intoxicates the ear and carries him on with an irresistible +fascination, he sees the unsubstantial forms of fairyland go sweeping by in +a gorgeous and dreamlike pageantry, and he feels pulsing in its luxuriant +and enchanted atmosphere the warm and beauty-loving temper of the Italian +Renaissance. "Spenser is superior to his subject," says Taine, "comprehends +it fully, frames it with a view to the end, in order to impress upon it the +proper mark of his soul and his genius. Each story is modified with respect +to another, and all with respect to a certain effect which is being worked +out. Thus a beauty issues from this harmony,--the beauty in the poet's +heart,--which his whole work strives to express; a noble and yet a laughing +beauty, made up of moral elevation and sensuous seductions, English in +sentiment, Italian in externals, chivalric in subject, modern in its +perfection, representing a unique and admirable epoch, the appearance of +paganism in a Christian race, and the worship of form by an imagination of +the North." + + CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE + +EVENTS IN SPENSER'S LIFE A.D. CONTEMPORARY EVENTS + +Birth of Edmund Spenser (about) 1552 Birth of Sir Walter Raleigh + 1553 Death of Edward VI; Mary crowned. + 1554 Mary marries Philip of Spain. + 1558 Death of Mary; Elizabeth crowned. + 1560 Charles IX, king of France. + 1568 Council of Trent. +_Visions of Bellay_, published, 1569 +_Sonnets of Petrarch_, published, 1569 +Enters Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1569 + 1572 Gregory XIII, Pope of Rome. + 1572 Massacre of St. Batholomew. + 1574 Henry III, king of France. +Received M.A., leaves Cambridge, 1576 Rudolph II, emperor. +Leaves Lancashire, 1578 Elizabeth aids the Netherlands. +Visits Lord Leicester, 1579 +_The Shepheards Calender_, 1579 +Goes to Ireland, 1580 Massacre of Smerwick. + 1581 Tasso's _Jersalem Delivered_. +Lord Grey's return to England, 1582 + 1584 Assassination of William the + Silent. + 1585 Sixtus V, Pope. Drake's voyage. + 1585 Leicester goes to the Netherlands. + 1586 Death of Sir Philip Sidney. +First marriage (before) 1587 Execution of Mary Queen of Scots. +Clerk to the Council of + Munster, 1588 Defeat of Spanish Armada. + Death of Leicester. +Visits England with Raleigh, 1589 Assassination of Henry III; + Henry IV crowned. +_The Faerie Queene_, Books I, 1590 Shakespeare's _Love's + II, III, Labour's Lost_. +_Mother Hubberds Tale, Tears of 1591 Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors, + the Muses, Ruines of Time, Henry VI_. + Daphnaida, The Visions_ 1591 Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, trans. + 1593 Shakespeare's _Midsummer + Night's Dream_. + 1593 _Richard III._ +Second marriage, 1594 Shakespeare's _Richard II_. +_Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, 1595 Shakespeare's _King John_. +_Amoretti, Epithalamion, Hymns_ 1595 Johnston's _Seven Champions + of Christendom._ +_Astrophel, Prothalamion,_ 1596 Shakespeare's _Merchant of Venice_. +_The Faerie Queene_, Books I-VI 1596 Ben Jonson's _Every Man in his + Humour._ +_Vision of the Present State of 1598 Edict of Nantes, + Ireland_ Philip III crowned. +Death of Spenser, 1599 Revolt of Irish. Expedition + of Essex to Ireland. + + + * * * * * + + THE FAERIE QUEENE + + * * * * * + + LETTER TO SIR WALTER RALEIGH + +A LETTER of the Authors expounding his whole intention in the course of +this worke;[1] which, for that it giveth great light to the reader, for the +better understanding is hereunto annexed. + +TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND VALOROUS + +SIR WALTER RALEIGH, KNIGHT. + +_Lo: Wardein of the Stanneries, and her majesties lieutenaunt of the +countie of Cornewayll._ + +SIR, + +Knowing how doubtfully all Allegories may be constructed, and this booke of +mine, which I have entituled _The Faery Queene_, being a continued +Allegorie, or darke conceit, I have thought good, as well for avoyding of +jealous opinions and misconstructions, as also for your better light in +reading thereof, (being so, by you commanded) to discover unto you the +generall intention and meaning, which in the whole course thereof I have +fashioned, without expressing of any particular purposes, or by-accidents +therein occasioned. The generall end therefore of all the booke, is to +fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline. +Which for that I conceived shoulde be most plausible and pleasing, beeing +coloured with an historicall fiction, the which the most part of men +delight to read, rather for varietie of matter than for profit of the +ensample: I chose the historie of king Arthure, as most fit for the +excellencie of his person, beeing made famous by many mens former workes, +and also furthest from the danger of envie, and suspicion of present time. +In which I have followed all the antique poets historicall: first Homer, +who in the persons of Agamemnon and Ulysses hath ensampled a good governour +and a vertuous man, the one in his _Ilias_, the other in his _Odysseis_: +then Virgil, whose like intention was to doe in the person of _Ęneas_: +after him Ariosto comprised them both in his _Orlando_: and lately Tasso +dissevered them againe, and formed both parts in two persons, namely, that +part which they in philosophy call _Ethice_, or vertues of a private man, +coloured in his _Rinaldo_: the other named _Politice_, in his _Godfredo_. +By ensample of which excellent Poets, I laboure to pourtraict in Arthure, +before he was king, the image of a brave knight, perfected in the twelve +private morall vertues, as Aristotle hath devised: which if I find to be +well accepted, I may be perhaps encoraged to frame the other part of +pollitike vertues in his person, after he came to bee king. + +To some I know this Methode will seem displeasant, which had rather have +good discipline delivered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at large, +as they use, then thus clowdily enwrapped in Allegoricall devises. But +such, mee seeme, should be satisfied with the use of these dayes, seeing +all things accounted by their showes, and nothing esteemed of, that is not +delightfull and pleasing to common sense. For this cause is Xenophon +preferred before Plato, for that the one, in the exquisite depth of his +judgement, formed a Commune-wealth, such as it should be; but the other, in +the person of Cyrus and the Persians, fashioned a government, such as might +best be: So much more profitable and gracious is doctrine by ensample then +by rule. So have I laboured to do in the person of Arthure: whom I +conceive, after his long education by Timon (to whom he was by Merlin +delivered to be brought up, so soone as he was borne of the Lady Igrayne) +to have seen in a dreame or vision the Faerie Queene, with whose excellent +beautie ravished, hee awaking, resolved to seek her out: and so, being by +Merlin armed, and by Timon throughly instructed, he went to seeke her forth +in Faery land. In that Faery Queene I mean _Glory_ in my generall +intention: but in my particular I conceive the most excellent and glorious +person of our soveraine the Queene, and her kingdome in Faery land. And +yet, in some places else, I doe otherwise shadow her. For considering shee +beareth two persons, the one of a most royall Queene or Empresse, the other +of a most vertuous and beautifull lady, this latter part in some places I +doe expresse in Belphoebe, fashioning her name according to your owne +excellent conceipt of Cynthia,[2] (Phoebe and Cynthia being both names of +Diana). So in the person of Prince Arthure I sette forth magnificence in +particular, which vertue, for that (according to Aristotle and the rest) it +is the perfection of all the rest, and containeth in it them all, therefore +in the whole course I mention the deeds of Arthure appliable to the vertue, +which I write of in that booke. But of the twelve other vertues I make XII +other knights the patrons, for the more varietie of the historic: Of which +these three bookes containe three. The first, of the Knight of the Red +crosse, in whom I expresse Holinesse: the second of Sir Guyon, in whome I +set foorth Temperance: the third of Britomartis, a Lady knight, in whom I +picture Chastitie. But because the beginning of the whole worke seemeth +abrupt and as depending upon other antecedents, it needs that yee know the +occasion of these three knights severall adventures. For the Methode of a +Poet historicall is not such as of an Historiographer. For an +Historiographer discourseth of affaires orderly as they were done, +accounting as well the times as the actions; but a Poet thrusteth into the +middest, even where it most concerneth him, and there recoursing to the +things forepast, and divining of things to come, maketh a pleasing analysis +of all. The beginning therefore of my historie, if it were to be told by an +Historiographer, should be the twelfth booke, which is the last; where I +devise that the Faery Queene kept her annuall feast twelve daies; uppon +which twelve severall dayes, the occasions of the twelve severall +adventures hapned, which being undertaken by XII severall knights, are in +these twelve books severally handled and discoursed. + +The first was this. In the beginning of the feast, there presented him +selfe a tall clownish younge man, who falling before the Queene of Faeries +desired a boone (as the manner then was) which during that feast she might +not refuse: which was that hee might have the atchievement of any +adventure, which during that feast should happen; that being granted, he +rested him selfe on the fioore, unfit through his rusticitie for a better +place. Soone after entred a faire Ladie in mourning weedes, riding on a +white Asse, with a dwarfe behind her leading a warlike steed, that bore the +Armes of a knight, and his speare in the dwarfes hand. She falling before +the Queene of Faeries, complayned that her father and mother, an ancient +King and Queene, had bene by an huge dragon many yeers shut up in a brazen +Castle, who thence suffered them not to issew: and therefore besought the +Faery Queene to assigne her some one of her knights to take on him that +exployt. Presently that clownish person upstarting, desired that adventure; +whereat the Queene much wondering, and the Lady much gaine-saying, yet he +earnestly importuned his desire. In the end the Lady told him, that unlesse +that armour which she brought would serve him (that is, the armour of a +Christian man specified by Saint Paul, V. Ephes.) that he could not succeed +in that enterprise: which being forth with put upon him with due furnitures +thereunto, he seemed the goodliest man in al that company, and was well +liked of the Lady. And eftesoones taking on him knighthood, and mounting on +that straunge Courser, he went forth with her on that adventure: where +beginneth the first booke, viz. + + A gentle knight was pricking on the playne, etc. + +The second day there came in a Palmer bearing an Infant with bloody hands, +whose Parents he complained to have bene slaine by an enchauntresse called +Acrasia: and therefore craved of the Faery Queene, to appoint him some +knight to performe that adventure, which being assigned to Sir Guyon, he +presently went foorth with the same Palmer: which is the beginning of the +second booke and the whole subject thereof. The third day there came in a +Groome, who complained before the Faery Queene, that a vile Enchaunter, +called Busirane, had in hand a most faire Lady, called Amoretta, whom he +kept in most grevious torment. Whereupon Sir Scudamour, the lover of that +Lady, presently tooke on him that adventure. But beeing unable to performe +it by reason of the hard Enchauntments, after long sorrow, in the end met +with Britomartis, who succoured him, and reskewed his love. + +But by occasion hereof, many other adventures are intermedled; but rather +as accidents then intendments. As the love of Britomart, the overthrow of +Marinell, the miserie of Florimell, the vertuousness of Belphoebe; and many +the like. + +Thus much, Sir, I have briefly-over-run to direct your understanding to the +wel-head of the History, that from thence gathering the whole intention of +the conceit, ye may as in a handfull gripe all the discourse, which +otherwise may happely seem tedious and confused. So humbly craving the +continuance of your honourable favour towards me, and th' eternall +establishment of your happines, I humbly take leave. + +Yours most humbly affectionate, + +EDM. SPENSER. + +23 Januarie, 1589. + + [1] The letter served as an introduction to the first three books of the + _Faerie Queene_. + + [2] An allusion to Sir Walter Raleigh's poem _Cynthia_. + + * * * * * + +_To the Right Noble and Valorous Knight_, + +SIR WALTER RALEIGH, + +_Lord Wardein of the Stanneryes, and Lieftenaunt of Cornewaile_, + + To thee that art the sommers Nightingale, + Thy soveraigne Goddesses most deare delight, + Why doe I send this rustick Madrigale, + That may thy tunefull eare unseason quite? + Thou onely fit this argument to write + In whose high thoughts Pleasure hath built her bowre, + And dainty Love learnd sweetly to endite. + My rimes I know unsavory and sowre, + To taste the streames, that, like a golden showre, + Flow from thy fruitfull head, of thy Loves praise; + Fitter perhaps to thunder martiall stowre, + When so thee list thy loftie Muse to raise: + Yet, till that thou thy poeme wilt make knowne, + Let thy faire Cinthias praises be thus rudely showne. + + E.S. + + * * * * * + + TO + THE MOST HIGH, MIGHTIE, AND MAGNIFICENT + EMPERESSE +RENOWNED FOR PIETIE, VERTVE, AND ALL GRATIOVS GOVERNMENT + + ELIZABETH + + BY THE GRACE OF GOD +Queen of England, Fraunce and Ireland, and of Virginia, + Defender of the Faith etc. + + HER MOST HUMBLE SERVAUNT + EDMVND SPENSER + DOTH IN ALL HUMILITIE + DEDICATE, PRESENT, AND CONSECRATE THESE HIS LABOVRS + TO LIVE WITH THE ETERNITIE OF HER FAME. + + + * * * * * + + THE FIRST BOOKE OF + THE FAERIE QUEENE + + CONTAINING + + THE LEGENDE OF THE KNIGHT OF THE RED + CROSSE, OR OF HOLINESSE + + + * * * * * + + I + +Lo I the man,° whose Muse whilome did maske, + As time her taught, in lowly Shepheards weeds, + Am now enforst a far unfitter taske, + For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine Oaten reeds, + And sing of Knights and Ladies° gentle deeds; 5 + Whose prayses having slept in silence long, + Me, all too meane, the sacred Muse areeds + To blazon broade emongst her learned throng: +Fierce warres and faithfull loves shall moralize my song. + + II + +Helpe then, O holy Virgin chiefe of nine,° 10 + Thy weaker Novice to performe thy will; + Lay forth out of thine everlasting scryne + The antique rolles, which there lye hidden still, + Of Faerie knights° and fairest Tanaquill,° + Whom that most noble Briton Prince° so long 15 + Sought through the world, and suffered so much ill, + That I must rue his undeserved wrong: +O helpe thou my weake wit, and sharpen my dull tong. + + III + +And thou most dreaded impe of highest Jove,° + Faire Venus sonne, that with thy cruell dart 20 + At that good knight so cunningly didst rove, + That glorious fire it kindled in his hart, + Lay now thy deadly Heben bow apart, + And with thy mother milde come to mine ayde; + Come both, and with you bring triumphant Mart,° 25 + In loves and gentle jollities arrayd, +After his murdrous spoiles and bloudy rage allayd. + + IV + +And with them eke, O Goddesse heavenly bright,° + Mirrour of grace and Majestie divine, + Great Lady of the greatest Isle, whose light 30 + Like Phoebus lampe° throughout the world doth shine, + Shed thy faire beames into my feeble eyne, + And raise my thoughts, too humble and too vile, + To thinke of that true glorious type of thine,° + The argument of mine afflicted stile:° 35 +The which to heare, vouchsafe, O dearest dred,° a-while. + + * * * * * + + CANTO I + + The Patron of true Holinesse + foule Errour doth defeate; + Hypocrisie him to entrappe + doth to his home entreate. + + I + +A GENTLE Knight° was pricking on the plaine, + Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde, + Wherein old dints of deepe wounds did remaine, + The cruel markes of many'a bloudy fielde; + Yet armes till that time did he never wield: 5 + His angry steede did chide his foming bitt, + As much disdayning to the curbe to yield: + Full jolly knight he seemd, and faire did sitt, +As one for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt. + + II + +And on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore, 10 + The deare remembrance of his dying Lord, + For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore, + And dead as living ever him ador'd: + Upon his shield the like was also scor'd, + For soveraine hope,° which in his helpe he had: 15 + Right faithfull true he was in deede and word, + But of his cheere did seeme too solemne sad; +Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. + + III + +Upon a great adventure he was bond, + That greatest Gloriana° to him gave, 20 + That greatest Glorious Queene of Faerie lond, + To winne him worship, and her grace to have, + Which of all earthly things he most did crave; + And ever as he rode, his hart did earne + To prove his puissance in battell brave 25 + Upon his foe, and his new force to learne; +Upon his foe, a Dragon° horrible and stearne. + + IV + +A lovely Ladie° rode him faire beside, + Upon a lowly Asse more white then snow, + Yet she much whiter, but the same did hide 30 + Under a vele, that wimpled was full low, + And over all a blacke stole she did throw, + As one that inly mournd: so was she sad, + And heavie sat upon her palfrey slow; + Seemed in heart some hidden care she had, 35 +And by her in a line a milke white lambe she lad. + + V + +So pure and innocent, as that same lambe, + She was in life and every vertuous lore, + And by descent from Royall lynage came + Of ancient Kings and Queenes, that had of yore 40 + Their scepters stretcht from East to Westerne shore, + And all the world in their subjection held; + Till that infernall feend with foule uprore + Forwasted all their land, and them expeld: +Whom to avenge, she had this Knight from far compeld. 45 + + VI + +Behind her farre away a Dwarfe° did lag, + That lasie seemd in being ever last, + Or wearied with bearing of her bag + Of needments at his backe. Thus as they past, + The day with cloudes was suddeine overcast, 50 + And angry Jove an hideous storme of raine + Did poure into his Lemans lap so fast, + That everie wight to shrowd it did constrain, +And this faire couple eke to shroud themselves were fain. + + VII + +Enforst to seeke some covert nigh at hand, 55 + A shadie grove° not far away they spide, + That promist ayde the tempest to withstand: + Whose loftie trees yclad with sommers pride + Did spred so broad, that heavens light did hide, + Not perceable with power of any starre: 60 + And all within were pathes and alleies wide, + With footing worne, and leading inward farre: +Faire harbour that them seemes; so in they entred arre. + + VIII + +And foorth they passe, with pleasure forward led, + Joying to heare the birdes sweete harmony, 65 + Which therein shrouded from the tempest dred, + Seemd in their song to scorne the cruell sky. + Much can they prayse the trees so straight and hy, + The sayling Pine,° the Cedar proud and tall, + The vine-prop Elme, the Poplar never dry,° 70 + The builder Oake,° sole king of forrests all, +The Aspine good for staves, the Cypresse funerall.° + + IX + +The Laurell,° meed of mightie Conquerours + And Poets sage, the firre that weepeth still,° + The Willow° worne of forlorne Paramours, 75 + The Eugh° obedient to the benders will, + The Birch for shaftes, the Sallow for the mill, + The Mirrhe° sweete bleeding in the bitter wound, + The warlike Beech,° the Ash for nothing ill,° + The fruitfull Olive, and the Platane round, 80 +The carver Holme,° the Maple seeldom inward sound. + + X + +Led with delight, they thus beguile the way, + Untill the blustring storme is overblowne; + When weening to returne, whence they did stray, + They cannot finde that path, which first was showne, 85 + But wander too and fro in wayes unknowne, + Furthest from end then, when they neerest weene, + That makes them doubt their wits be not their owne: + So many pathes, so many turnings seene, +That which of them to take, in diverse doubt they been. 90 + + XI + +At last resolving forward still to fare, + Till that some end they finde or in or out, + That path they take, that beaten seemd most bare, + And like to lead the labyrinth about; + Which when by tract they hunted had throughout, 95 + At length it brought them to a hollow cave + Amid the thickest woods. The Champion stout + Eftsoones dismounted from his courser brave, +And to the Dwarfe awhile his needlesse spere he gave. + + XII + +Be well aware, quoth then that Ladie milde, 100 + Least suddaine mischiefe ye too rash provoke: + The danger hid, the place unknowne and wilde, + Breedes dreadfull doubts: Oft fire is without smoke, + And perill without show: therefore your stroke, + Sir Knight, with-hold, till further triall made. 105 + Ah Ladie, (said he) shame were to revoke° + The forward footing for an hidden shade: +Vertue gives her selfe light, through darkenesse for to wade. + + XIII + +Yea but (quoth she) the perill of this place + I better wot then you, though now too late 110 + To wish you backe returne with foule disgrace, + Yet wisedome warnes, whilest foot is in the gate, + To stay the steppe, ere forced to retrate. + This is the wandring wood,° this Errours den, + A monster vile, whom God and man does hate: 115 + Therefore I read beware. Fly fly (quoth then +The fearefull Dwarfe) this is no place for living men. + + XIV + +But full of fire and greedy hardiment, + The youthfull knight could not for ought be staide, + But forth unto the darksome hole he went, 120 + And looked in: his glistring armor made + A litle glooming light, much like a shade, + By which he saw the ugly monster° plaine, + Halfe like a serpent horribly displaide, + But th'other halfe did womans shape retaine, 125 +Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine.° + + XV + +And as she lay upon the durtie ground, + Her huge long taile her den all overspred, + Yet was in knots and many boughtes upwound, + Pointed with mortall sting. Of her there bred° 130 + A thousand yong ones, which she dayly fed, + Sucking upon her poisnous dugs, eachone + Of sundry shapes, yet all ill favored: + Soone as that uncouth light upon them shone, +Into her mouth they crept, and suddain all were gone. 135 + + XVI + +Their dam upstart, out of her den effraide, + And rushed forth, hurling her hideous taile + About her cursed head, whose folds displaid + Were stretcht now forth at length without entraile. + She lookt about, and seeing one in mayle 140 + Armed to point,° sought backe to turne againe; + For light she hated as the deadly bale, + Ay wont in desert darknesse to remaine, +Where plain none might her see, nor she see any plaine. + + XVII + +Which when the valiant Elfe° perceiv'd, he lept 145 + As Lyon fierce upon the flying pray, + And with his trenchand blade her boldly kept + From turning backe, and forced her to stay: + Therewith enrag'd she loudly gan to bray, + And turning fierce, her speckled taile advaunst, 150 + Threatning her angry sting, him to dismay: + Who nought aghast his mightie hand enhaunst: +The stroke down from her head unto her shoulder glaunst. + + XVIII + +Much daunted with that dint, her sence was dazd, + Yet kindling rage, her selfe she gathered round, 155 + And all attonce her beastly body raizd + With doubled forces high above the ground: + Tho wrapping up her wrethed sterne arownd, + Lept fierce upon his shield, and her huge traine + All suddenly about his body wound, 160 + That hand or foot to stirre he strove in vaine: +God helpe the man so wrapt in Errours endlesse traine. + + XIX + +His Lady sad to see his sore constraint, + Cride out, Now now Sir knight, shew what ye bee, + Add faith unto your force, and be not faint: 165 + Strangle her, else she sure will strangle thee. + That when he heard, in great perplexitie, + His gall did grate for griefe° and high disdaine, + And knitting all his force got one hand free, + Wherewith he grypt her gorge with so great paine, 170 +That soone to loose her wicked bands did her constraine. + + XX + +Therewith she spewd out of her filthy maw + A floud of poyson horrible and blacke, + Full of great lumpes of flesh and gobbets raw, + Which stunck so vildly, that it forst him slacke 175 + His grasping hold, and from her turne him backe: + Her vomit full of bookes° and papers was, + With loathly frogs and toades, which eyes did lacke, + And creeping sought way in the weedy gras: +Her filthy parbreake all the place defiled has. 180 + + XXI + +As when old father Nilus° gins to swell + With timely pride above the Aegyptian vale, + His fattie waves do fertile slime outwell, + And overflow each plaine and lowly dale: + But when his later spring gins to avale, 185 + Huge heapes of mudd he leaves, wherein there breed + Ten thousand kindes of creatures, partly male + And partly female of his fruitful seed; +Such ugly monstrous shapes elswhere may no man reed. + + XXII + +The same so sore annoyed has the knight, 190 + That welnigh choked with the deadly stinke, + His forces faile, ne can no lenger fight. + Whose corage when the feend perceiv'd to shrinke, + She poured forth out of her hellish sinke + Her fruitfull cursed spawne of serpents small, 195 + Deformed monsters, fowle, and blacke as inke, + With swarming all about his legs did crall, +And him encombred sore, but could not hurt at all. + + XXIII + +As gentle Shepheard° in sweete even-tide, + When ruddy Phoebus gins to welke in west, 200 + High on an hill, his flocke to vewen wide, + Markes which do byte their hasty supper best, + A cloud of combrous gnattes do him molest, + All striving to infixe their feeble stings, + That from their noyance he no where can rest, 205 + But with his clownish hands their tender wings +He brusheth oft, and oft doth mar their murmurings. + + XXIV + +Thus ill bestedd,° and fearefull more of shame, + Then of the certeine perill he stood in, + Halfe furious unto his foe he came, 210 + Resolv'd in minde all suddenly to win, + Or soone to lose, before he once would lin + And strooke at her with more then manly force, + That from her body full of filthie sin + He raft her hatefull head without remorse; 215 +A streame of cole black bloud forth gushed from her corse. + + XXV + +Her scattred brood,° soone as their Parent deare + They saw so rudely falling to the ground, + Groning full deadly, all with troublous feare, + Gathred themselves about her body round, 220 + Weening their wonted entrance to have found + At her wide mouth: but being there withstood + They flocked all about her bleeding wound, + And sucked up their dying mothers blood, +Making her death their life, and eke her hurt their good. 225 + + XXVI + +That detestable sight him much amazde, + To see th' unkindly Impes, of heaven accurst, + Devoure their dam; on whom while so he gazd, + Having all satisfide their bloudy thurst, + Their bellies swolne he saw with fulnesse burst, 230 + And bowels gushing forth: well worthy end + Of such as drunke her life, the which them nurst;° + Now needeth him no lenger labour spend, +His foes have slaine themselves, with whom he should contend.° + + XXVII + +His Ladie seeing all that chaunst, from farre 235 + Approcht in hast to greet his victorie, + And said, Faire knight, borne under happy starre,° + Who see your vanquisht foes before you lye: + Well worthie be you of that Armorie,° + Wherin ye have great glory wonne this day, 240 + And proov'd your strength on a strong enimie, + Your first adventure: many such I pray, +And henceforth ever wish that like succeed it may.° + + XXVIII + +Then mounted he upon his Steede againe, + And with the Lady backward sought to wend; 245 + That path he kept which beaten was most plaine, + Ne ever would to any by-way bend, + But still did follow one unto the end, + The which at last out of the wood them brought. + So forward on his way (with God to frend)° 250 + He passed forth, and new adventure sought; +Long way he travelled, before he heard of ought. + + XXIX + +At length they chaunst to meet upon the way + An aged Sire,° in long blacke weedes yclad, + His feete all bare, his beard all hoarie gray 255 + And by his belt his booke he hanging had; + Sober he seemde, and very sagely sad, + And to the ground his eyes were lowly bent, + Simple in shew, and voyde of malice bad, + And all the way he prayed, as he went, 260 +And often knockt his brest, as one that did repent. + + XXX + +He faire the knight saluted, louting low, + Who faire him quited, as that courteous was: + And after asked him, if he did know + Of straunge adventures, which abroad did pas. 265 + Ah my deare Sonne (quoth he) how should, alas, + Silly old man, that lives in hidden cell, + Bidding his beades all day for his trespas, + Tydings of warre and worldly trouble tell? +With holy father sits not with such things to mell. 270 + + XXXI + +But if of daunger which hereby doth dwell, + And homebred evil ye desire to heare, + Of a straunge man I can you tidings tell, + That wasteth all this countrey farre and neare. + Of such (said he) I chiefly do inquere, 275 + And shall you well reward to shew the place, + In which that wicked wight his dayes doth weare: + For to all knighthood it is foule disgrace, +That such a cursed creature lives so long a space. + + XXXII + +Far hence (quoth he) in wastfull wildernesse 280 + His dwelling is, by which no living wight + May ever passe, but thorough great distresse. + Now (sayd the Lady) draweth toward night, + And well I wote, that of your later fight + Ye all forwearied be: for what so strong, 285 + But wanting rest will also want of might? + The Sunne that measures heaven all day long, +At night doth baite his steedes the Ocean waves emong. + + XXXIII + +Then with the Sunne take Sir, your timely rest, + And with new day new worke at once begin: 290 + Untroubled night they say gives counsell best. + Right well Sir knight ye have advised bin, + (Quoth then that aged man;) the way to win + Is wisely to advise: now day is spent; + Therefore with me ye may take up your In° 295 + For this same night. The knight was well content: +So with that godly father to his home they went. + + XXXIV + +A little lowly Hermitage it was, + Downe in a dale, hard by a forests side, + Far from resort of people, that did pas 300 + In travell to and froe: a little wyde° + There was an holy Chappell edifyde, + Wherein the Hermite dewly wont to say + His holy things each morne and eventyde: + Thereby a Christall streame did gently play, 305 +Which from a sacred fountaine welled forth alway. + + XXXV + +Arrived there, the little house they fill, + Ne looke for entertainement, where none was: + Rest is their feast, and all things at their will: + The noblest mind the best contentment has. 310 + With faire discourse the evening so they pas: + For that old man of pleasing wordes had store, + And well could file his tongue as smooth as glas, + He told of Saintes and Popes, and evermore +He strowd an _Ave-Mary_° after and before. 315 + + XXXVI + +The drouping Night thus creepeth on them fast, + And the sad humour° loading their eye liddes, + As messenger of Morpheus° on them cast + Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleepe them biddes. + Unto their lodgings then his guestes he riddes: 320 + Where when all drownd in deadly sleepe he findes, + He to this study goes, and there amiddes + His Magick bookes and artes° of sundry kindes, +He seekes out mighty charmes, to trouble sleepy mindes. + + XXXVII + +Then choosing out few words most horrible, 325 + (Let none them read) thereof did verses frame, + With which and other spelles like terrible, + He bad awake blacke Plutoes griesly Dame,° + And cursed heaven and spake reprochfull shame + Of highest God, the Lord of life and light; 330 + A bold bad man, that dar'd to call by name + Great Gorgon,° Prince of darknesse and dead night, +At which Cocytus° quakes, and Styx is put to flight. + + XXXVIII + +And forth he cald out of deepe darknesse dred + Legions of Sprights,° the which like little flyes 335 + Fluttring about his ever damned hed, + Awaite whereto their service he applyes, + To aide his friends, or fray his enimies: + Of those he chose° out two, the falsest twoo, + And fittest for to forge true-seeming lyes; 340 + The one of them he gave a message too, +The other by him selfe staide other worke to doo. + + XXXIX + +He making speedy way through spersed ayre, + And through the world of waters wide and deepe, + To Morpheus house doth hastily repaire. 345 + Amid the bowels of the earth full steepe, + And low, where dawning day doth never peepe, + His dwelling is; there Tethys° his wet bed + Doth ever wash, and Cynthia° still doth steepe + In silver deaw his ever-drouping hed, 350 +Whiles sad Night over him her mantle black doth spred. + + XL + +Whose double gates° he findeth locked fast, + The one faire fram'd of burnisht Yvory, + The other all with silver overcast; + And wakeful dogges before them farre do lye, 355 + Watching to banish Care their enimy, + Who oft is wont to trouble gentle Sleepe. + By them the Sprite doth passe in quietly, + And unto Morpheus comes, whom drowned deepe +In drowsie fit he findes: of nothing he takes keepe. 360 + + XLI + +And more, to lulle him in his slumber soft,° + A trickling streame from high rock tumbling downe, + And ever-drizling raine upon the loft, + Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne + Of swarming Bees, did cast him in a swowne: 365 + No other noyse, nor peoples troublous cryes, + As still are wont t'annoy the walled towne, + Might there be heard: but carelesse Quiet lyes, +Wrapt in eternall silence farre from enemyes. + + XLII + +The messenger approching to him spake, 370 + But his wast wordes returnd to him in vaine: + So sound he slept, that nought mought him awake. + Then rudely he him thrust, and pusht with paine + Whereat he gan to stretch: but he againe + Shooke him so hard, that forced him to speake. 375 + As one then in a dreame, whose dryer braine° + Is tost with troubled sights and fancies weake, +He mumbled soft, but would not all° his silence breake. + + XLIII + +The Sprite then gan more boldly him to wake, + And threatned unto him the dreaded name 380 + Of Hecate°: whereat he gan to quake, + And lifting up his lumpish head, with blame + Halfe angry asked him, for what he came. + Hither (quoth he) me Archimago sent, + He that the stubborne Sprites can wisely tame, 385 + He bids thee to him send for his intent +A fit false dreame, that can delude the sleepers sent.° + + XLIV + +The God obayde, and, calling forth straightway + A diverse dreame out of his prison darke, + Delivered it to him, and downe did lay 390 + His heavie head, devoide of carefull carke, + Whose sences all were straight benumbed and starke. + He backe returning by the Yvorie dore, + Remounted up as light as chearefull Larke, + And on his litle winges the dreame he bore 395 +In hast unto his Lord, where he him left afore. + + XLV + +Who all this while with charmes and hidden artes, + Had made a Lady of that other Spright, + And fram'd of liquid ayre her tender partes + So lively, and so like in all mens sight, 400 + That weaker sence it could have ravisht quight: + The maker selfe, for all his wondrous witt, + Was nigh beguiled with so goodly sight: + Her all in white he clad, and over it +Cast a black stole, most like to seeme° for Una fit. 405 + + XLVI + +Now when that ydle dreame was to him brought, + Unto that Elfin knight he bad him fly, + Where he slept soundly void of evill thought, + And with false shewes abuse his fantasy, + In sort as he him schooled privily: 410 + And that new creature, borne without her dew,° + Full of the makers guile, with usage sly + He taught to imitate that Lady trew, +Whose semblance she did carrie under feigned hew. + + XLVII + +Thus well instructed, to their worke they hast, 415 + And coming where the knight in slomber lay, + The one upon his hardy head him plast + And made him dreame of loves and lustfull play, + That nigh his manly hart did melt away, + Bathed in wanton blis and wicked joy: 420 + Then seemed him his Lady by him lay, + And to him playnd, how that false winged boy, +Her chast hart had subdewd, to learne Dame Pleasures toy. + + XLVIII + +And she herselfe of beautie soveraigne Queene, + Fayre Venus° seemde unto his bed to bring 425 + Her, whom he waking evermore did weene, + To bee the chastest flowre, that ay did spring + On earthly braunch, the daughter of a king, + Now a loose Leman to vile service bound: + And eke the Graces° seemed all to sing, 430 + _Hymen Iö Hymen_° dauncing all around, +Whilst freshest Flora° her with Yvie girlond crownd. + + XLIX + +In this great passion of unwonted lust, + Or wonted feare of doing ought amis, + He started up, as seeming to mistrust 435 + Some secret ill, or hidden foe of his: + Lo there before his face his Lady is, + Under blake stole hyding her bayted hooke; + And as halfe blushing offred him to kis, + With gentle blandishment and lovely looke, 440 +Most like that virgin true, which for her knight him took. + + L + +All cleane dismayd to see so uncouth sight, + And half enraged at her shamelesse guise, + He thought have slaine her in his fierce despight: + But hasty heat tempring with suffrance wise, 445 + He stayde his hand, and gan himselfe advise + To prove his sense,° and tempt her faigned truth. + Wringing her hands in womans pitteous wise, + Tho can she weepe,° to stirre up gentle ruth, +Both for her noble bloud, and for her tender youth. 450 + + LI + +And said, Ah Sir, my liege Lord and my love, + Shall I accuse the hidden cruell fate, + And mightie causes wrought in heaven above, + Or the blind God,° that doth me thus amate, + For hoped love to winne me certaine hate? 455 + Yet thus perforce he bids me do, or die. + Die is my dew; yet rew my wretched state + You, whom my hard avenging destinie +Hath made judge of my life or death indifferently. + + LII + +Your owne deare sake forst me at first to leave 460 + My Fathers kingdome--There she stopt with teares; + Her swollen hart her speech seemd to bereave, + And then againe begun; My weaker yeares + Captiv'd to fortune and frayle worldly feares, + Fly to your fayth for succour and sure ayde: 465 + Let me not dye in languor and long teares. + Why Dame (quoth he) what hath ye thus dismayd? +What frayes ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayd? + + LIII + +Love of your selfe, she saide, and deare constraint, + Lets me not sleepe, but wast the wearie night 470 + In secret anguish and unpittied plaint, + Whiles you in carelesse sleepe are drowned quight. + Her doubtfull words made that redoubted knight + Suspect her truth: yet since no' untruth he knew, + Her fawning love with foule disdainefull spight 475 + He would not shend; but said, Deare dame I rew, +That for my sake unknowne such griefe unto you grew. + + LIV + +Assure your selfe, it fell not all to ground;° + For all so deare as life is to my hart, + I deeme your love, and hold me to you bound: 480 + Ne let vaine feares procure your needlesse smart, + Where cause is none, but to your rest depart. + Not all content, yet seemd she to appease + Her mournefull plaintes, beguiled of her art, + And fed with words that could not chuse but please, 485 +So slyding softly forth, she turned as to her ease. + + LV + +Long after lay he musing at her mood, + Much griev'd to thinke that gentle Dame so light, + For whose defence he was to shed his blood. + At last, dull wearinesse of former fight 490 + Having yrockt asleepe his irkesome spright, + That troublous dreame gan freshly tosse his braine, + With bowres, and beds, and Ladies deare delight: + But when he saw his labour all was vaine, +With that misformed spright he backe returnd againe. 495 + + * * * * * + + CANTO II + + The guilefull great Enchaunter parts + the Redcrosse Knight from truth, + Into whose stead faire Falshood steps, + and workes him wofull ruth. + + I + +By this the Northerne wagoner° had set + His sevenfold teme° behind the stedfast starre,° + That was in Ocean waves yet never wet, + But firme is fixt, and sendeth light from farre + To all that in the wide deepe wandring arre: 5 + And chearefull Chaunticlere° with his note shrill + Had warned once, that Phoebus fiery carre° + In hast was climbing up the Easterne hill, +Full envious that night so long his roome did fill. + + II + +When those accursed messengers of hell, 10 + That feigning dreame, and that faire-forged Spright° + Came to their wicked maister, and gan tell + Their bootelesse paines, and ill succeeding night: + Who all in rage to see his skilfull might + Deluded so, gan threaten hellish paine 15 + And sad Proserpines wrath, them to affright. + But when he saw his threatning was but vaine, +He cast about, and searcht his baleful bookes againe. + + III + +Eftsoones he tooke that miscreated faire, + And that false other Spright, on whom he spred 20 + A seeming body of the subtile aire, + Like a young Squire, in loves and lustybed + His wanton dayes that ever loosely led, + Without regard of armes and dreaded fight: + Those two he tooke, and in a secret bed, 25 + Coverd with darknesse and misdeeming night, +Them both together laid, to joy in vaine delight. + + IV + +Forthwith he runnes with feigned faithfull hast + Unto his guest, who after troublous sights + And dreames, gan now to take more sound repast, 30 + Whom suddenly he wakes with fearfull frights, + As one aghast with feends or damned sprights, + And to him cals, Rise, rise, unhappy Swaine + That here wex old in sleepe, whiles wicked wights + Have knit themselves in Venus shameful chaine, 35 +Come see where your false Lady doth her honour staine. + + V + +All in amaze he suddenly upstart + With sword in hand, and with the old man went + Who soone him brought into a secret part + Where that false couple were full closely ment 40 + In wanton lust and leud embracement: + Which when he saw, he burnt with gealous fire, + The eye of reason was with rage yblent, + And would have slaine them in his furious ire, +But hardly was restreined of that aged sire. 45 + + VI + +Returning to his bed in torment great, + And bitter anguish of his guiltie sight, + He could not rest, but did his stout heart eat, + And wast his inward gall with deepe despight, + Yrkesome of life, and too long lingring night. 50 + At last faire Hesperus° in highest skie + Had spent his lampe and brought forth dawning light, + Then up he rose, and clad him hastily; +The Dwarfe him brought his steed: so both away do fly. + + VII + +Now when the rosy-fingred Morning° faire, 55 + Weary of aged Tithones° saffron bed, + Had spread her purple robe through deawy aire, + And the high hils Titan° discovered, + The royall virgin shooke off drowsy-hed; + And rising forth out of her baser bowre, 60 + Lookt for her knight, who far away was fled, + And for her Dwarfe, that wont to wait each houre: +Then gan she waile and weepe, to see that woefull stowre. + + VIII + +And after him she rode with so much speede + As her slow beast could make; but all in vaine: 65 + For him so far had borne his light-foot steede, + Pricked with wrath and fiery fierce disdaine, + That him to follow was but fruitlesse paine; + Yet she her weary limbes would never rest, + But every hill and dale, each wood and plaine, 70 + Did search, sore grieved in her gentle brest, +He so ungently left her, whom she loved best. + + IX + +But subtill Archimago, when his guests + He saw divided into double parts, + And Una wandring in woods and forrests, 75 + Th' end of his drift, he praisd his divelish arts, + That had such might over true meaning harts: + Yet rests not so, but other meanes doth make, + How he may worke unto her further smarts: + For her he hated as the hissing snake, 80 +And in her many troubles did most pleasure take. + + X + +He then devisde himselfe how to disguise; + For by his mightie science he could take + As many formes and shapes in seeming wise, + As ever Proteus° to himselfe could make: 85 + Sometime a fowle, sometime a fish in lake, + Now like a foxe, now like a dragon fell, + That of himselfe he ofte for feare would quake, + And oft would flie away. O who can tell +The hidden power of herbes° and might of Magicke spell? 90 + + XI + +But now seemde best the person to put on + Of that good knight, his late beguiled guest: + In mighty armes he was yclad anon: + And silver shield, upon his coward brest + A bloudy crosse, and on his craven crest 95 + A bounch of haires discolourd diversly: + Full jolly knight he seemde, and well addrest, + And when he sate upon his courser free, +Saint George himself ye would have deemed him to be. + + XII + +But he the knight, whose semblaunt he did beare, 100 + The true Saint George, was wandred far away, + Still flying from his thoughts and gealous feare; + Will was his guide, and griefe led him astray. + At last him chaunst to meete upon the way + A faithless Sarazin° all arm'd to point, 105 + In whose great shield was writ with letters gay + _Sans foy:_ full large of limbe and every joint +He was, and cared not for God or man a point. + + XIII + +He had a faire companion° of his way, + A goodly Lady clad in scarlot red, 110 + Purfled with gold and pearle of rich assay, + And like a Persian mitre on her hed + She wore, with crowns and owches garnished, + The which her lavish lovers to her gave; + Her wanton palfrey all was overspred 115 + With tinsell trappings, woven like a wave, +Whose bridle rung with golden bels and bosses brave. + + XIV + +With faire disport and courting dalliaunce + She intertainde her lover all the way: + But when she saw the knight his speare advaunce, 120 + She soone left off her mirth and wanton play, + And bade her knight addresse him to the fray: + His foe was nigh at hand. He prickt with pride + And hope to winne his Ladies heart that day, + Forth spurred fast: adowne his coursers side 125 +The red bloud trickling staind the way, as he did ride. + + XV + +The knight of the Redcrosse when him he spide, + Spurring so hote with rage dispiteous, + Gan fairely couch his speare, and towards ride: + Soone meete they both, both fell and furious, 130 + That daunted with their forces hideous, + Their steeds do stagger, and amazed stand, + And eke themselves, too rudely rigorous, + Astonied with the stroke of their owne hand +Doe backe rebut, and each to other yeeldeth land. 135 + + XVI + +As when two rams° stird with ambitious pride, + Fight for the rule of the rich fleeced flocke, + Their horned fronts so fierce on either side + Do meete, that with the terrour of the shocke + Astonied both, stand sencelesse as a blocke, 140 + Forgetfull of the hanging victory:° + So stood these twaine, unmoved as a rocke, + Both staring fierce, and holding idely +The broken reliques° of their former cruelty. + + XVII + +The Sarazin sore daunted with the buffe 145 + Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies; + Who well it wards, and quyteth cuff with cuff: + Each others equall puissaunce envies,° + And through their iron sides° with cruell spies + Does seeke to perce: repining courage yields 150 + No foote to foe. The flashing fier flies + As from a forge out of their burning shields, +And streams of purple bloud new dies the verdant fields. + + XVIII + +Curse on that Crosse (quoth then the Sarazin), + That keepes thy body from the bitter fit;° 155 + Dead long ygoe I wote thou haddest bin, + Had not that charme from thee forwarned it: + But yet I warne thee now assured sitt,° + And hide thy head. Therewith upon his crest + With rigour so outrageous° he smitt, 160 + That a large share° it hewd out of the rest, +And glauncing down his shield from blame him fairly blest.° + + XIX + +Who thereat wondrous wroth, the sleeping spark + Of native vertue gan eftsoones revive, + And at his haughtie helmet making mark, 165 + So hugely stroke, that it the steele did rive, + And cleft his head. He tumbling downe alive, + With bloudy mouth his mother earth did kis. + Greeting his grave: his grudging° ghost did strive + With the fraile flesh; at last it flitted is, 170 +Whither the soules do fly of men that live amis. + + XX + +The Lady when she saw her champion fall, + Like the old ruines of a broken towre, + Staid not to waile his woefull funerall, + But from him fled away with all her powre; 175 + Who after her as hastily gan scowre, + Bidding the Dwarfe with him to bring away + The Sarazins shield, signe of the conqueroure. + Her soone he overtooke, and bad to stay, +For present cause was none of dread her to dismay. 180 + + XXI + +She turning backe with ruefull countenaunce, + Cride, Mercy mercy Sir vouchsafe to show + On silly Dame, subject to hard mischaunce, + And to your mighty will. Her humblesse low + In so ritch weedes and seeming glorious show, 185 + Did much emmove his stout heroicke heart, + And said, Deare dame, your suddin overthrow + Much rueth me; but now put feare apart, +And tell, both who ye be, and who that tooke your part. + + XXII + +Melting in teares, then gan she thus lament; 190 + The wretched woman, whom unhappy howre + Hath now made thrall to your commandement, + Before that angry heavens list to lowre, + And fortune false betraide me to your powre, + Was, (O what now availeth that I was!) 195 + Borne the sole daughter of an Emperour,° + He that the wide West under his rule has, +And high hath set his throne, where Tiberis doth pas. + + XXIII + +He in the first flowre of my freshest age, + Betrothed me unto the onely haire° 200 + Of a most mighty king, most rich and sage; + Was never Prince so faithfull and so faire, + Was never Prince so meeke and debonaire; + But ere my hoped day of spousall shone, + My dearest Lord fell from high honours staire 205 + Into the hands of his accursed fone, +And cruelly was slaine, that shall I ever mone. + + XXIV + +His blessed body spoild of lively breath, + Was afterward, I know not how, convaid + And fro me hid: of whose most innocent death 210 + When tidings came to me, unhappy maid, + O how great sorrow my sad soule assaid. + Then forth I went his woefull corse to find, + And many yeares throughout the world I straid, + A virgin widow, whose deepe wounded mind 215 +With love long time did languish as the striken hind. + + XXV + +At last it chaunced this proud Sarazin + To meete me wandring, who perforce me led + With him away, but yet could never win + The Fort, that Ladies hold in soveraigne dread; 220 + There lies he now with foule dishonour dead, + Who whiles he livde, was called proud Sansfoy, + The eldest of three brethren, all three bred + Of one bad sire, whose youngest is Sansjoy; +And twixt them both was born the bloudy bold Sansloy. 225 + + XXVI + +In this sad plight, friendlesse, unfortunate, + Now miserable I Fidessa dwell, + Craving of you in pitty of my state, + To do none ill, if please ye not do well. + He in great passion all this while did dwell, 230 + More busying his quicke eyes, her face to view, + Then his dull eares, to heare what she did tell; + And said, Faire Lady hart of flint would rew +The undeserved woes and sorrowes which ye shew. + + XXVII + +Henceforth in safe assuraunce may ye rest, 235 + Having both found a new friend you to aid, + And lost an old foe that did you molest: + Better new friend then an old foe is said. + With chaunge of cheare the seeming simple maid + Let fall her eyen, as shamefast to the earth, 240 + And yeelding soft, in that she nought gain-said, + So forth they rode, he feining seemely merth, +And she coy lookes: so dainty they say maketh derth.° + + XXVIII + +Long time they thus together traveiled, + Till weary of their way, they came at last 245 + Where grew two goodly trees, that faire did spred + Their armes abroad, with gray mosse overcast, + And their greene leaves trembling with every blast, + Made a calme shadow far in compasse round: + The fearfull Shepheard often there aghast 250 + Under them never sat, ne wont there sound° +His mery oaten pipe, but shund th' unlucky ground. + + XXIX + +But this good knight soone as he them can spie, + For the cool shade° him thither hastly got: + For golden Phoebus now ymounted hie, 255 + From fiery wheeles of his faire chariot + Hurled his beame so scorching cruell hot, + That living creature mote it not abide; + And his new Lady it endured not. + There they alight, in hope themselves to hide 260 +From the fierce heat, and rest their weary limbs a tide. + + XXX + +Faire seemely pleasaunce° each to other makes, + With goodly purposes° there as they sit: + And in his falsed fancy he her takes + To be the fairest wight that lived yit; 265 + Which to expresse he bends his gentle wit, + And thinking of those braunches greene to frame + A girlond for her dainty forehead fit, + He pluckt a bough;° out of whose rift there came +Small drops of gory bloud, that trickled down the same. 270 + + XXXI + +Therewith a piteous yelling voyce was heard, + Crying, O spare with guilty hands° to teare + My tender sides in this rough rynd embard, + But fly, ah fly far hence away, for feare + Least to you hap, that happened to me heare, 275 + And to this wretched Lady, my deare love, + O too deare love, love bought with death too deare. + Astond he stood, and up his haire did hove, +And with that suddein horror could no member move. + + XXXII + +At last whenas the dreadfull passion 280 + Was overpast, and manhood well awake, + Yet musing at the straunge occasion, + And doubting much his sence, he thus bespake; + What voyce of damned Ghost from Limbo lake,° + Or guilefull spright wandring in empty aire, 285 + Both which fraile men do oftentimes mistake, + Sends to my doubtfull eares these speaches rare, +And ruefull plaints, me bidding guiltlesse bloud to spare? + + XXXIII + +Then groning deepe, Nor damned Ghost, (quoth he,) + Nor guileful sprite to thee these wordes doth speake, 290 + But once a man Fradubio,° now a tree, + Wretched man, wretched tree; whose nature weake + A cruell witch her cursed will to wreake, + Hath thus transformd, and plast in open plaines, + Where Boreas doth blow full bitter bleake, 295 + And scorching Sunne does dry my secret vaines: +For though a tree I seeme, yet cold and heat me paines. + + XXXIV + +Say on Fradubio then, or man, or tree, + Quoth then the knight, by whose mischievous arts + Art thou misshaped thus, as now I see? 300 + He oft finds med'cine, who his griefe imparts; + But double griefs afflict concealing harts, + As raging flames who striveth to suppresse. + The author then (said he) of all my smarts, + Is one Duessa a false sorceresse, 305 +That many errant knights hath brought to wretchednesse. + + XXXV + +In prime of youthly yeares, when corage hot + The fire of love and joy of chevalree + First kindled in my brest, it was my lot + To love this gentle Lady, whom ye see, 310 + Now not a Lady, but a seeming tree; + With whom as once I rode accompanyde, + Me chaunced of a knight encountred bee, + That had a like faire Lady by his syde, +Like a faire Lady, but did fowle Duessa hyde. 315 + + XXXVI + +Whose forged beauty he did take in hand, + All other Dames to have exceeded farre; + I in defence of mine did likewise stand, + Mine, that did then shine as the Morning starre. + So both to battell fierce arraunged arre, 320 + In which his harder fortune was to fall + Under my speare: such is the dye of warre: + His Lady left as a prise martiall, +Did yield her comely person to be at my call. + + XXXVII + +So doubly lov'd of Ladies unlike faire, 325 + Th' one seeming such, the other such indeede, + One day in doubt I cast for to compare, + Whether in beauties glorie did exceede; + A Rosy girlond was the victors meede: + Both seemde to win, and both seemde won to bee, 330 + So hard the discord was to be agreede. + Fraelissa was as faire, as faire mote bee, +And ever false Duessa seemde as faire as shee. + + XXXVIII + +The wicked witch now seeing all this while + The doubtfull ballaunce equally to sway, 335 + What not by right, she cast to win by guile, + And by her hellish science raisd streightway + A foggy mist, that overcast the day, + And a dull blast, that breathing on her face, + Dimmed her former beauties shining ray, 340 + And with foule ugly forme did her disgrace: +Then was she faire alone, when none was faire in place.° + + XXXIX + +Then cride she out, Fye, fye, deformed wight, + Whose borrowed beautie now appeareth plaine + To have before bewitched all mens sight; 345 + O leave her soone, or let her soone be slaine. + Her loathly visage viewing with disdaine, + Eftsoones I thought her such, as she me told, + And would have kild her; but with faigned paine + The false witch did my wrathfull hand with-hold; 350 +So left her, where she now is turnd to treen mould.° + + XL + +Then forth I tooke Duessa for my Dame, + And in the witch unweeting joyd long time, + Ne ever wist but that she was the same,° + Till on a day (that day is every Prime, 355 + When Witches wont do penance for their crime) + I chaunst to see her in her proper hew,° + Bathing her selfe in origane and thyme: + A filthy foule old woman I did vew, +That ever to have toucht her I did deadly rew. 360 + + XLI + +Her neather parts misshapen, monstruous, + Were hidd in water, that I could not see. + But they did seeme more foule and hideous, + Then womans shape man would beleeve to bee. + Thensforth from her most beastly companie 365 + I gan refraine, in minde to slip away, + Soone as appeard safe opportunitie: + For danger great, if not assur'd decay, +I saw before mine eyes, if I were knowne to stray. + + XLII + +The divelish hag by chaunges of my cheare° 370 + Perceiv'd my thought, and drownd in sleepie night,° + With wicked herbs and ointments did besmeare + My body all, through charms and magicke might, + That all my senses were bereaved quight: + Then brought she me into this desert waste, 375 + And by my wretched lovers side me pight, + Where now enclosd in wooden wals full faste, +Banisht from living wights, our wearie dayes we waste. + + XLIII + +But how long time, said then the Elfin knight, + Are you in this misformed house to dwell? 380 + We may not chaunge (quoth he) this evil plight, + Till we be bathed in a living well;° + That is the terme prescribed by the spell. + O how, said he, mote I that well out find, + That may restore you to your wonted well? 385 + Time and suffised fates to former kynd +Shall us restore, none else from hence may us unbynd. + + XLIV + +The false Duessa, now Fidessa hight, + Heard how in vaine Fradubio did lament, + And knew well all was true. But the good knight 390 + Full of sad feare and ghastly dreriment, + When all this speech the living tree had spent, + The bleeding bough did thrust into the ground, + That from the bloud he might be innocent, + And with fresh clay did close the wooden wound: 395 +Then turning to his Lady, dead with feare her found. + + XLV + +Her seeming dead he found with feigned feare, + As all unweeting of that well she knew, + And paynd himselfe with busie care to reare + Her out of carelesse swowne. Her eyelids blew 400 + And dimmed sight with pale and deadly hew + At last she up gan lift: with trembling cheare + Her up he tooke, too simple and too trew, + And oft her kist. At length all passed feare,° +He set her on her steede, and forward forth did beare. 405 + + * * * * * + + CANTO III + + Forsaken Truth long seekes her love, + and makes the Lyon mylde, + Marres blind Devotions mart, and fals + in hand of leachour vylde. + + I + +Nought is there under heav'ns wide hollownesse, + That moves more deare compassion of mind, + Then beautie brought t' unworthy wretchednesse + Through envies snares, or fortunes freakes unkind. + I, whether lately through her brightnesse blind, 5 + Or through alleageance and fast fealtie, + Which I do owe unto all woman kind, + Feele my hart perst with so great agonie, +When such I see, that all for pittie I could die. + + II + +And now it is empassioned so deepe, 10 + For fairest Unaes sake, of whom I sing, + That my fraile eyes these lines with teares do steepe, + To thinke how she through guilefull handeling, + Though true as touch,° though daughter of a king, + Though faire as ever living wight was faire, 15 + Though nor in word nor deede ill meriting, + Is from her knight divorced in despaire, +And her due loves° deriv'd to that vile witches share. + + III + +Yet she most faithfull Ladie all this while + Forsaken, wofull, solitarie mayd 20 + Far from all peoples prease, as in exile, + In wildernesse and wastfull deserts strayd, + To seeke her knight; who subtilly betrayd + Through that late vision, which th' Enchaunter wrought, + Had her abandond. She of nought affrayd, 25 + Through woods and wastnesse wide him daily sought; +Yet wished tydings° none of him unto her brought. + + IV + +One day nigh wearie of the yrkesome way, + From her unhastie beast she did alight, + And on the grasse her daintie limbes did lay 30 + In secret shadow, farre from all mens sight: + From her faire head her fillet she undight, + And laid her stole aside. Her angels face + As the great eye of heaven° shyned bright, + And made a sunshine in the shadie place; 35 +Did never mortall eye behold such heavenly grace. + + V + +It fortuned out of the thickest wood + A ramping Lyon° rushed suddainly, + Hunting full greedy after salvage blood; + Soone as the royall virgin he did spy, 40 + With gaping mouth at her ran greedily, + To have attonce devourd her tender corse: + But to the pray when as he drew more ny, + His bloody rage asswaged with remorse, +And with the sight amazd, forgat his furious forse. 45 + + VI + +In stead thereof he kist her wearie feet, + And lickt her lilly hands with fawning tong, + As he her wronged innocence did weet. + O how can beautie maister the most strong, + And simple truth subdue avenging wrong? 50 + Whose yeelded pride° and proud submission, + Still dreading death, when she had marked long, + Her hart gan melt in great compassion, +And drizling teares did shed for pure affection. + + VII + +The Lyon Lord of every beast in field, 55 + Quoth she, his princely puissance doth abate, + And mightie proud to humble weake does yield, + Forgetfull of the hungry rage, which late + Him prickt, in pittie of my sad estate: + But he my Lyon, and my noble Lord, 60 + How does he find in cruell hart to hate, + Her that him lov'd, and ever most adord, +As the God of my life? why hath he me abhord? + + VIII + +Redounding teares did choke th' end of her plaint, + Which softly ecchoed from the neighbour wood; 65 + And sad to see her sorrowfull constraint + The kingly beast upon her gazing stood; + With pittie calmd, downe fell his angry mood. + At last in close hart shutting up her paine, + Arose the virgin borne of heavenly brood, 70 + And to her snowy Palfrey got againe, +To seeke her strayed Champion, if she might attaine. + + IX + +The Lyon would not leave her desolate, + But with her went along, as a strong gard + Of her chast person, and a faithfull mate 75 + Of her sad troubles and misfortunes hard: + Still when she slept, he kept both watch and ward,° + And when she wakt, he waited diligent, + With humble service to her will prepard: + From her faire eyes he tooke commaundement, 80 +And ever by her lookes conceived her intent. + + X + +Long she thus traveiled through deserts wyde, + By which she thought her wandring knight shold pas, + Yet never shew of living wight espyde; + Till that at length she found the troden gras, 85 + In which the tract of peoples footing was, + Under the steepe foot of a mountaine hore; + The same she followes, till at last she has + A damzell spyde° slow footing her before, +That on her shoulders sad a pot of water bore. 90 + + XI + +To whom approching she to her gan call, + To weet, if dwelling place were nigh at hand; + But the rude wench her answerd nought at all; + She could not heare, nor speake, nor understand; + Till seeing by her side the Lyon stand, 95 + With suddaine feare her pitcher downe she threw, + And fled away: for never in that land + Face of faire Ladie she before did vew, +And that dread Lyons looke her cast in deadly hew.° + + XII + +Full fast she fled, ne never lookt behynd, 100 + As if her life upon the wager lay,° + And home she came, whereas her mother blynd° + Sate in eternall night: nought could she say, + But suddaine catching hold, did her dismay + With quaking hands, and other signes of feare; 105 + Who full of ghastly fright and cold affray, + Gan shut the dore. By this arrived there +Dame Una, wearie Dame, and entrance did requere. + + XIII + +Which when none yeelded, her unruly Page° + With his rude claws the wicket open rent, 110 + And let her in; where of his cruell rage + Nigh dead with feare, and faint astonishment, + She found them both in darkesome corner pent; + Where that old woman day and night did pray + Upon her beads devoutly penitent; 115 + Nine hundred _Pater nosters_° every day, +And thrise nine hundred _Aves_ she was wont to say. + + XIV + +And to augment her painefull pennance more, + Thrise every weeke in ashes she did sit, + And next her wrinkled skin rough sackcloth wore, 120 + And thrise three times did fast from any bit: + But now for feare her beads she did forget. + Whose needlesse dread for to remove away, + Faire Una framed words and count'nance fit: + Which hardly doen, at length she gan them pray, 125 +That in their cotage small that night she rest her may. + + XV + +The day is spent, and commeth drowsie night, + When every creature shrowded is in sleepe; + Sad Una downe her laies in wearie plight, + And at her feete the Lyon watch doth keepe: 130 + In stead of rest, she does lament, and weepe + For the late losse of her deare loved knight, + And sighes, and grones, and ever more does steepe + Her tender brest in bitter teares all night, +All night she thinks too long, and often lookes for light. 135 + + XVI + +Now when Aldeboran° was mounted hie + Above the shynie Cassiopeias chaire,° + And all in deadly sleepe did drowned lie, + One knocked at the dore,° and in would fare; + He knocked fast, and often curst, and sware, 140 + That readie entrance was not at his call: + For on his backe a heavy load he bare + Of nightly stelths, and pillage severall, +Which he had got abroad by purchase criminall. + + XVII + +He was, to weete, a stout and sturdy thiefe, 145 + Wont to robbe Churches of their ornaments, + And poore mens boxes of their due reliefe, + Which given was to them for good intents; + The holy Saints of their rich vestiments + He did disrobe, when all men carelesse slept, 150 + And spoild the Priests of their habiliments, + Whiles none the holy things in safety kept; +Then he by conning sleights in at the window crept. + + XVIII + +And all that he by right or wrong could find, + Unto this house he brought, and did bestow 155 + Upon the daughter of this woman blind, + Abessa, daughter of Corceca slow, + With whom he whoredome usd, that few did know, + And fed her fat with feast of offerings, + And plentie, which in all the land did grow; 160 + Ne spared he to give her gold and rings: +And now he to her brought part of his stolen things. + + XIX + +Thus long the dore with rage and threats he bet, + Yet of those fearfull women none durst rize, + The Lyon frayed them, him in to let: 165 + He would no longer stay him to advize,° + But open breakes the dore in furious wize, + And entring is; when that disdainfull beast + Encountring fierce, him suddaine doth surprize, + And seizing cruell clawes on trembling brest, 170 +Under his Lordly foot him proudly hath supprest. + + XX + +Him booteth not resist,° nor succour call, + His bleeding hart is in the vengers hand, + Who streight him rent in thousand peeces small, + And quite dismembred hath: the thirsty land 175 + Drunke up his life; his corse left on the strand. + His fearefull friends weare out the wofull night, + Ne dare to weepe, nor seeme to understand + The heavie hap, which on them is alight, +Affraid, least to themselves the like mishappen might. 180 + + XXI + +Now when broad day the world discovered has, + Up Una rose, up rose the Lyon eke, + And on their former journey forward pas, + In wayes unknowne, her wandring knight to seeke, + With paines farre passing that long wandring Greeke,° 185 + That for his love refused deitie; + Such were the labours of his Lady meeke, + Still seeking him, that from her still did flie; +Then furthest from her hope, when most she weened nie. + + XXII + +Soone as she parted thence, the fearfull twaine, 190 + That blind old woman and her daughter deare,° + Came forth, and finding Kirkrapine there slaine, + For anguish great they gan to rend their heare, + And beat their brests, and naked flesh to teare. + And when they both had wept and wayld their fill, 195 + Then forth they ran like two amazed deare, + Halfe mad through malice, and revenging will, +To follow her, that was the causer of their ill. + + XXIII + +Whom overtaking, they gan loudly bray, + With hollow howling, and lamenting cry, 200 + Shamefully at her rayling all the way, + And her accusing of dishonesty, + That was the flowre of faith and chastity; + And still amidst her rayling, she did pray, + That plagues, and mischiefs, and long misery 205 + Might fall on her, and follow all the way, +And that in endlesse error she might ever stray. + + XXIV + +But when she saw her prayers nought prevaile, + She backe returned with some labour lost; + And in the way as shee did weepe and waile, 210 + A knight her met in mighty armes embost, + Yet knight was not for all his bragging bost, + But subtill Archimag, that Una sought + By traynes into new troubles to have tost: + Of that old woman tidings he besought, 215 +If that of such a Ladie she could tellen ought. + + XXV + +Therewith she gan her passion to renew, + And cry, and curse, and raile, and rend her heare, + Saying, that harlot she too lately knew, + That caused her shed so many a bitter teare, 220 + And so forth told the story of her feare: + Much seemed he to mone her haplesse chaunce, + And after for that Ladie did inquere; + Which being taught, he forward gan advaunce +His fair enchaunted steed, and eke his charmed launce. 225 + + XXVI + +Ere long he came where Una traveild slow, + And that wilde Champion wayting her besyde: + Whom seeing such, for dread he durst not show + Himselfe too nigh at hand, but turned wyde + Unto an hill; from whence when she him spyde, 230 + By his like seeming shield, her knight by name + She weend it was, and towards him gan ryde: + Approaching nigh, she wist it was the same, +And with faire fearefull humblesse towards him shee came: + + XXVII + +And weeping said, Ah my long lacked Lord, 235 + Where have ye bene thus long out of my sight? + Much feared I to have bene quite abhord, + Or ought have done,° that ye displeasen might, + That should as death° unto my deare heart light: + For since mine eye your joyous sight did mis, 240 + My chearefull day is turnd to chearelesse night, + And eke my night of death the shadow is; +But welcome now my light, and shining lampe of blis. + + XXVIII + +He thereto meeting said, My dearest Dame, + Farre be it from your thought, and fro my will, 245 + To thinke that knighthood I so much should shame, + As you to leave, that have me loved still, + And chose in Faery court° of meere goodwill, + Where noblest knights were to be found on earth: + The earth shall sooner leave her kindly skill,° 250 + To bring forth fruit, and make eternall derth, +Then I leave you, my liefe, yborne of heavenly berth. + + XXIX + +And sooth to say, why I left you so long, + Was for to seeke adventure in strange place, + Where Archimago said a felon strong 255 + To many knights did daily worke disgrace; + But knight he now shall never more deface: + Good cause of mine excuse; that mote ye please + Well to accept, and evermore embrace + My faithfull service, that by land and seas 260 +Have vowd you to defend: now then your plaint appease. + + XXX + +His lovely words her seemd due recompence + Of all her passed paines: one loving howre + For many yeares of sorrow can dispence: + A dram of sweet is worth a pound of sowre: 265 + She has forgot, how many a woful stowre + For him she late endurd; she speakes no more + Of past: true is, that true love hath no powre + To looken backe; his eyes be fixt before. +Before her stands her knight, for whom she toyld so sore. 270 + + XXXI + +Much like, as when the beaten marinere, + That long hath wandred in the Ocean wide, + Oft soust in swelling Tethys saltish teare, + And long time having tand his tawney hide + With blustring breath of heaven, that none can bide, 275 + And scorching flames of fierce Orions hound,° + Soone as the port from farre he has espide, + His chearefull whistle merrily doth sound, +And Nereus crownes with cups°; his mates him pledg around. + + XXXII + +Such joy made Una, when her knight she found; 280 + And eke th' enchaunter joyous seemd no lesse, + Then the glad marchant, that does vew from ground° + His ship farre come from watrie wildernesse, + He hurles out vowes, and Neptune oft doth blesse: + So forth they past, and all the way they spent 285 + Discoursing of her dreadful late distresse, + In which he askt her, what the Lyon ment: +Who told her all that fell in journey as she went. + + XXXIII + +They had not ridden farre, when they might see + One pricking towards them with hastie heat, 290 + Full strongly armd, and on a courser free, + That through his fiercenesse fomed all with sweat, + And the sharpe yron did for anger eat, + When his hot ryder spurd his chauffed side; + His looke was sterne, and seemed still to threat 295 + Cruell revenge, which he in hart did hyde, +And on his shield _Sans loy_° in bloudie lines was dyde. + + XXXIV + +When nigh he drew unto this gentle payre + And saw the Red-crosse, which the knight did beare, + He burnt in fire, and gan eftsoones prepare 300 + Himselfe to battell with his couched speare. + Loth was that other, and did faint through feare, + To taste th' untryed dint of deadly steele; + But yet his Lady did so well him cheare, + That hope of new goodhap he gan to feele; 305 +So bent his speare, and spurd his horse with yron heele. + + XXXV + +But that proud Paynim forward came so fierce, + And full of wrath, that with his sharp-head speare, + Through vainly crossed shield° he quite did pierce, + And had his staggering steede not shrunke for feare, 310 + Through shield and bodie eke he should him beare: + Yet so great was the puissance of his push, + That from his saddle quite he did him beare: + He tombling rudely downe to ground did rush, +And from his gored wound a well of bloud did gush. 315 + + XXXVI + +Dismounting lightly from his loftie steed, + He to him lept, in mind to reave his life, + And proudly said, Lo there the worthie meed + Of him that slew Sansfoy with bloudie knife; + Henceforth his ghost freed from repining strife, 320 + In peace may passen over Lethe lake,° + When mourning altars purgd with enemies life, + The blacke infernall Furies° doen aslake: +Life from Sansfoy thou tookst, Sansloy shall from thee take. + + XXXVII + +Therewith in haste his helmet gan unlace,° 325 + Till Una cried, O hold that heavie hand, + Deare Sir, what ever that thou be in place: + Enough is, that thy foe doth vanquisht stand + Now at thy mercy: Mercie not withstand: + For he is one the truest knight alive, 330 + Though conquered now he lie on lowly land, + And whilest him fortune favourd, faire did thrive +In bloudie field: therefore of life him not deprive. + + XXXVIII + +Her piteous words might not abate his rage, + But rudely rending up his helmet, would 335 + Have slaine him straight: but when he sees his age, + And hoarie head of Archimago old, + His hasty hand he doth amazed hold, + And halfe ashamed, wondred at the sight: + For that old man well knew he, though untold, 340 + In charmes and magicke to have wondrous might, +Ne ever wont in field,° ne in round lists to fight; + + XXXIX + +And said, Why Archimago, lucklesse syre, + What doe I see? what hard mishap is this, + That hath thee hither brought to taste mine yre? 345 + Or thine the fault, or mine the error is, + Instead of foe to wound my friend amis? + He answered nought, but in a traunce still lay, + And on those guilefull dazed eyes of his + The cloude of death did sit. Which doen away, 350 +He left him lying so, ne would no lenger stay: + + XL + +But to the virgin comes, who all this while + Amased stands, her selfe so mockt to see + By him, who has the guerdon of his guile, + For so misfeigning her true knight to bee: 355 + Yet is she now in more perplexitie, + Left in the hand of that same Paynim bold, + From whom her booteth not at all to flie; + Who, by her cleanly garment catching hold, +Her from her Palfrey pluckt, her visage to behold. 360 + + XLI + +But her fierce servant, full of kingly awe + And high disdaine, whenas his soveraine Dame + So rudely handled by her foe he sawe, + With gaping jawes full greedy at him came, + And ramping on his shield, did weene the same 365 + Have reft away with his sharpe rending clawes: + But he was stout, and lust did now inflame + His corage more, that from his griping pawes +He hath his shield redeem'd, and foorth his swerd he drawes. + + XLII + +O then too weake and feeble was the forse 370 + Of salvage beast, his puissance to withstand: + For he was strong, and of so mightie corse, + As ever wielded speare in warlike hand, + And feates of armes did wisely understand. + Eftsoones he perced through his chaufed chest 375 + With thrilling point of deadly yron brand, + And launcht his Lordly hart: with death opprest +He roar'd aloud, whiles life forsooke his stubborne brest. + + XLIII + +Who now is left to keepe the forlorne maid + From raging spoile of lawlesse victors will? 380 + Her faithfull gard remov'd, her hope dismaid, + Her selfe a yielded pray to save or spill. + He now Lord of the field, his pride to fill, + With foule reproches, and disdainfull spight + Her vildly entertaines, and will or nill, 385 + Beares her away upon his courser light: +Her prayers nought prevaile, his rage is more of might.° + + XLIV + +And all the way, with great lamenting paine, + And piteous plaints she filleth his dull eares, + That stony hart could riven have in twaine, 390 + And all the way she wets with flowing teares: + But he enrag'd with rancor, nothing heares. + Her servile beast yet would not leave her so, + But followes her farre off, ne ought he feares, + To be partaker of her wandring woe, 395 +More mild in beastly kind, then that her beastly foe. + + * * * * * + + CANTO IV + + To sinfull house of Pride, Duessa + guides the faithfull knight, + Where brother's death to wreak Sansjoy + doth chalenge him to fight. + + I + +Young knight whatever that dost armes professe, + And through long labours huntest after fame, + Beware of fraud, beware of ficklenesse, + In choice, and change of thy deare loved Dame, + Least thou of her beleeve too lightly blame, 5 + And rash misweening doe thy hart remove: + For unto knight there is no greater shame, + Then lightnesse and inconstancie in love; +That doth this Redcrosse knights ensample plainly prove. + + II + +Who after that he had faire Una lorne, 10 + Through light misdeeming of her loialtie, + And false Duessa in her sted had borne, + Called Fidess', and so supposd to bee; + Long with her traveild, till at last they see + A goodly building, bravely garnished, 15 + The house of mightie Prince it seemd to bee: + And towards it a broad high way that led, +All bare through peoples feet, which thither traveiled. + + III + +Great troupes of people traveild thitherward + Both day and night, of each degree and place,° 20 + But few returned, having scaped hard,° + With balefull beggerie, or foule disgrace; + Which ever after in most wretched case, + Like loathsome lazars,° by the hedges lay. + Thither Duessa bad him bend his pace: 25 + For she is wearie of the toilesome way, +And also nigh consumed is the lingring day. + + IV + +A stately Pallace built of squared bricke, + Which cunningly was without morter laid, + Whose wals were high, but nothing strong, nor thick, 30 + And golden foile all over them displaid, + That purest skye with brightnesse they dismaid: + High lifted up were many loftie towres, + And goodly galleries farre over laid, + Full of faire windowes and delightful bowres; 35 +And on the top a Diall told the timely howres. + + V + +It was a goodly heape for to behould, + And spake the praises of the workmans wit; + But full great pittie, that so faire a mould + Did on so weake foundation ever sit: 40 + For on a sandie hill, that still did flit + And fall away, it mounted was full hie, + That every breath of heaven shaked it: + And all the hinder parts, that few could spie, +Were ruinous and old, but painted cunningly. 45 + + VI + +Arrived there, they passed in forth right; + For still to all the gates stood open wide: + Yet charge of them was to a Porter hight + Cald Malvenł,° who entrance none denide: + Thence to the hall, which was on every side 50 + With rich array and costly arras dight: + Infinite sorts of people did abide + There waiting long, to win the wished sight +Of her that was the Lady of that Pallace bright. + + VII + +By them they passe, all gazing on them round, 55 + And to the Presence mount; whose glorious vew + Their frayle amazed senses did confound: + In living Princes court none ever knew + Such endlesse richesse, and so sumptuous shew; + Ne Persia selfe, the nourse of pompous pride 60 + Like ever saw. And there a noble crew + Of Lordes and Ladies stood on every side, +Which with their presence faire the place much beautifide. + + VIII + +High above all a cloth of State was spred, + And a rich throne, as bright as sunny day, 65 + On which there sate most brave embellished + With royall robes and gorgeous array, + A mayden Queene, that shone as Titans ray, + In glistring gold, and peerelesse pretious stone: + Yet her bright blazing beautie did assay 70 + To dim the brightnesse of her glorious throne, +As envying her selfe, that too exceeding shone. + + IX + +Exceeding shone, like Phoebus fairest childe,° + That did presume his fathers firie wayne, + And flaming mouthes of steedes unwonted wilde 75 + Through highest heaven with weaker hand to rayne; + Proud of such glory and advancement vaine, + While flashing beames do daze his feeble eyen, + He leaves the welkin way most beaten plaine, + And rapt with whirling wheeles, inflames the skyen, 80 +With fire not made to burne, but fairely for to shyne. + + X + +So proud she shyned in her Princely state, + Looking to heaven; for earth she did disdayne: + And sitting high; for lowly she did hate: + Lo underneath her scornefull feete was layne 85 + A dreadfull Dragon° with an hideous trayne, + And in her hand she held a mirrhour bright, + Wherein her face she often vewed fayne, + And in her selfe-lov'd semblance tooke delight; +For she was wondrous faire, as any living wight. 90 + + XI + +Of griesly Pluto she the daughter was, + And sad Proserpina the Queene of hell; + Yet did she thinke her pearlesse worth to pas + That parentage,° with pride so did she swell; + And thundring Jove, that high in heaven doth dwell, 95 + And wield the world, she claymed for her syre, + Or if that any else did Jove excell: + For to the highest she did still aspyre, +Or if ought higher were then that, did it desyre. + + XII + +And proud Lucifera men did her call, 100 + That made her selfe a Queene, and crownd to be, + Yet rightfull kingdome she had none at all, + Ne heritage of native soveraintie, + But did usurpe with wrong and tyrannie + Upon the scepter, which she now did hold: 105 + Ne ruld her Realmes with lawes, but pollicie, + And strong advizement of six wisards old,° +That with their counsels bad her kingdome did uphold. + + XIII + +Soone as the Elfin knight in presence came, + And false Duessa seeming Lady faire, 110 + A gentle Husher, Vanitie by name + Made rowme, and passage for them did prepaire: + So goodly brought them to the lowest staire + Of her high throne, where they on humble knee + Making obeyssance, did the cause declare, 115 + Why they were come, her royall state to see, +To prove the wide report of her great Majestee. + + XIV + +With loftie eyes, halfe loth to looke so low, + She thanked them in her disdainefull wise; + Ne other grace vouchsafed them to show 120 + Of Princesse worthy, scarse them bad arise. + Her Lordes and Ladies all this while devise + Themselves to setten forth to straungers sight: + Some frounce their curled haire in courtly guise, + Some prancke their ruffes, and others trimly dight 125 +Their gay attire: each others greater pride does spight. + + XV + +Goodly they all that knight do entertaine, + Right glad with him to have increast their crew: + But to Duess' each one himselfe did paine + All kindnesse and faire courtesie to shew; 130 + For in that court whylome her well they knew: + Yet the stout Faerie mongst the middest crowd + Thought all their glorie vaine in knightly vew, + And that great Princesse too exceeding prowd, +That to strange knight no better countenance allowd. 135 + + XVI + +Suddein upriseth from her stately place + The royall Dame, and for her coche did call: + All hurtlen forth, and she with Princely pace, + As faire Aurora in her purple pall, + Out of the east the dawning day doth call: 140 + So forth she comes: her brightnesse brode doth blaze; + The heapes of people thronging in the hall, + Do ride each other, upon her to gaze: +Her glorious glitterand light doth all mens eyes amaze. + + XVII + +So forth she comes, and to her coche° does clyme, 145 + Adorned all with gold, and girlonds gay, + That seemd as fresh as Flora in her prime, + And strove to match, in royall rich array, + Great Junoes golden chaire, the which they say + The Gods stand gazing on, when she does ride 150 + To Joves high house through heavens bras-paved way + Drawne of faire Pecocks, that excell in pride, +And full of Argus eyes their tailes dispredden wide. + + XVIII + +But this was drawne of six unequall beasts, + On which her six sage Counsellours did ryde, 155 + Taught to obay their bestiall beheasts, + With like conditions° to their kinds applyde: + Of which the first, that all the rest did guyde, + Was sluggish Idlenesse the nourse of sin; + Upon a slouthful Asse he chose to ryde, 160 + Arayd in habit blacke, and amis thin, +Like to an holy Monck, the service to begin. + + XIX + +And in his hand his Portesse still he bare, + That much was worne, but therein little red, + For of devotion he had little care, 165 + Still drownd in sleepe, and most of his dayes ded; + Scarse could he once uphold his heavie hed, + To looken, whether it were night or day: + May seeme the wayne was very evill led, + When such an one had guiding of the way, 170 +That knew not, whether right he went, or else astray. + + XX + +From worldly cares himselfe he did esloyne, + And greatly shunned manly exercise, + From every worke he chalenged essoyne,° + For contemplation sake: yet otherwise, 175 + His life he led in lawlesse riotise; + By which he grew to grievous malady; + For in his lustlesse limbs through evill guise + A shaking fever raignd continually: +Such one was Idlenesse, first of this company. 180 + + XXI + +And by his side rode loathsome Gluttony, + Deformed creature, on a filthie swyne; + His belly was up-blowne with luxury, + And eke with fatnesse swollen were his eyne, + And like a Crane° his necke was long and fyne, 185 + With which he swallowed up excessive feast, + For want whereof poore people oft did pyne; + And all the way, most like a brutish beast, +He spued up his gorge, that all did him deteast. + + XXII + +In greene vine leaves he was right fitly clad; 190 + For other clothes he could not weare for heat, + And on his head an yvie girland had, + From under which fast trickled downe the sweat: + Still as he rode, he somewhat still did eat, + And in his hand did beare a bouzing can, 195 + Of which he supt so oft, that on his seat + His dronken corse he scarse upholden can, +In shape and life more like a monster, then a man. + + XXIII + +Unfit he was for any worldly thing, + And eke unhable once to stirre or go, 200 + Not meet to be of counsell to a king, + Whose mind in meat and drinke was drowned so, + That from his friend he seldome knew his fo: + Full of diseases was his carcas blew, + And a dry dropsie° through his flesh did flow: 205 + Which by misdiet daily greater grew: +Such one was Gluttony, the second of that crew. + + XXIV + +And next to him rode lustfull Lechery, + Upon a bearded Goat, whose rugged haire, + And whally eyes (the signe of gelosy), 210 + Was like the person selfe, whom he did beare: + Who rough, and blacke, and filthy did appeare, + Unseemely man to please faire Ladies eye; + Yet he of Ladies oft was loved deare, + When fairer faces were bid standen by: 215 +O who does know the bent of womens fantasy? + + XXV + +In a greene gowne he clothed was full faire, + Which underneath did hide his filthinesse, + And in his hand a burning hart he bare, + Full of vaine follies, and new fanglenesse, 220 + For he was false, and fraught with ficklenesse; + And learned had to love with secret lookes; + And well could daunce, and sing with ruefulnesse, + And fortunes tell, and read in loving bookes, +And thousand other wayes, to bait his fleshly hookes. 225 + + XXVI + +Inconstant man, that loved all he saw, + And lusted after all that he did love; + Ne would his looser life be tide to law, + But joyd weak wemens hearts to tempt and prove, + If from their loyall loves he might them move; 230 + Which lewdnesse fild him with reprochfull paine + Of that fowle evill, which all men reprove, + That rots the marrow and consumes the braine: +Such one was Lecherie, the third of all this traine. + + XXVII + +And greedy Avarice by him did ride, 235 + Upon a Camell° loaden all with gold; + Two iron coffers hong on either side, + With precious mettall full as they might hold; + And in his lap an heape of coine he told; + For of his wicked pelfe his God he made, 240 + And unto hell him selfe for money sold; + Accursed usurie was all his trade, +And right and wrong ylike in equall ballaunce waide. + + XXVIII + +His life was nigh unto deaths doore yplast, + And thred-bare cote, and cobled shoes he ware, 245 + Ne scarse good morsell all his life did tast, + But both from backe and belly still did spare, + To fill his bags, and richesse to compare; + Yet chylde ne kinsman living had he none + To leave them to; but thorough daily care 250 + To get, and nightly feare to lose his owne, +He led a wretched life unto him selfe unknowne.° + + XXIX + +Most wretched wight, whom nothing might suffise, + Whose greedy lust did lacke in greatest store, + Whose need had end, but no end covetise, 255 + Whose wealth was want, whose plenty made him pore, + Who had enough, yet wished ever more; + A vile disease, and eke in foote and hand + A grievous gout tormented him full sore, + That well he could not touch, nor go, nor stand; 260 +Such one was Avarice, the fourth of this faire band. + + XXX + +And next to him malicious Envie rode, + Upon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw + Betweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode, + That all the poison ran about his chaw; 265 + But inwardly he chawed his owne maw + At neighbours wealth, that made him ever sad; + For death it was when any good he saw, + And wept, that cause of weeping none he had, +But when he heard of harme, he wexed wondrous glad. 270 + + XXXI + +All in a kirtle of discolourd say + He clothed was, ypainted full of eyes; + And in his bosome secretly there lay + An hatefull Snake, the which his taile uptyes + In many folds, and mortall sting implyes. 275 + Still as he rode, he gnasht his teeth, to see + Those heapes of gold with griple Covetyse; + And grudged at the great felicitie +Of proud Lucifera, and his owne companie. + + XXXII + +He hated all good workes and vertuous deeds, 280 + And him no lesse, that any like did use, + And who with gracious bread the hungry feeds, + His almes for want of faith he doth accuse; + So every good to bad he doth abuse: + And eke the verse of famous Poets witt 285 + He does backebite, and spightfull poison spues + From leprous mouth on all that ever writt: +Such one vile Envie was, that fifte in row did sitt. + + XXXIII + +And him beside rides fierce revenging Wrath, + Upon a Lion, loth for to be led; 290 + And in his hand a burning brond he hath, + The which he brandisheth about his hed; + His eyes did hurle forth sparkles fiery red, + And stared sterne on all that him beheld, + As ashes pale of hew and seeming ded; 295 + And on his dagger still his hand he held, +Trembling through hasty rage, when choler in him sweld. + + XXXIV + +His ruffin raiment all was staind with blood, + Which he had spilt, and all to rags yrent, + Through unadvized rashnesse woxen wood; 300 + For of his hands he had no governement, + Ne car'd for bloud in his avengement: + But when the furious fit was overpast, + His cruell facts he often would repent; + Yet wilfull man he never would forecast, 305 +How many mischieves should ensue his heedlesse hast. + + XXXV + +Full many mischiefes follow cruell Wrath; + Abhorred bloodshed and tumultuous strife, + Unmanly murder, and unthrifty scath,° + Bitter despight, with rancours rusty knife, 310 + And fretting griefe the enemy of life; + All these, and many evils moe haunt ire, + The swelling Splene,° and Frenzy raging rife, + The shaking Palsey, and Saint Fraunces fire:° +Such one was Wrath, the last of this ungodly tire. 315 + + XXXVI + +And after all, upon the wagon beame + Rode Sathan, with a smarting whip in hand, + With which he forward lasht the laesie teme, + So oft as Slowth still in the mire did stand. + Hugh routs of people did about them band, 320 + Showting for joy, and still before their way + A foggy mist had covered all the land; + And underneath their feet, all scattered lay +Dead sculs and bones of men, whose life had gone astray. + + XXXVII + +So forth they marchen in this goodly sort, 325 + To take the solace of the open aire, + And in fresh flowring fields themselves to sport; + Emongst the rest rode that false Lady faire, + The foule Duessa, next unto the chaire + Of proud Lucifera, as one of the traine: 330 + But that good knight would not so nigh repaire, + Him selfe estraunging from their joyaunce vaine, +Whose fellowship seemd far unfit for warlike swaine. + + XXXVIII + +So having solaced themselves a space + With pleasaunce° of the breathing fields yfed, 335 + They backe retourned to the Princely Place; + Whereas an errant knight in armes ycled, + And heathnish shield, wherein with letters red + Was writ _Sans joy_, they new arrived find: + Enflam'd with fury and fiers hardy-hed 340 + He seemd in hart to harbour thoughts unkind, +And nourish bloudy vengeaunce in his bitter mind. + + XXXIX + +Who when the shamed shield of slaine Sansfoy + He spide with that same Faery champions page, + Bewraying him, that did of late destroy 345 + His eldest brother, burning all with rage + He to him leapt, and that same envious gage + Of victors glory from him snatcht away: + But th' Elfin knight, which ought that warlike wage + Disdaind to loose the meed he wonne in fray, 350 +And him rencountring fierce, reskewd the noble pray. + + XL + +Therewith they gan to hurtlen greedily, + Redoubted battaile ready to darrayne, + And clash their shields, and shake their swords on hy, + That with their sturre they troubled all the traine; 355 + Till that great Queene upon eternall paine + Of high displeasure that ensewen might, + Commaunded them their fury to refraine, + And if that either to that shield had right, +In equall lists they should the morrow next it fight. 360 + + XLI + +Ah dearest Dame, (quoth then the Paynim bold,) + Pardon the error of enraged wight, + Whom great griefe made forget the raines to hold + Of reasons rule, to see this recreant knight, + No knight, but treachour full of false despight 365 + And shamefull treason, who through guile hath slayn + The prowest knight that ever field did fight, + Even stout Sansfoy (O who can then refrayn?) +Whose shield he beares renverst, the more to heape disdayn. + + XLII + +And to augment the glorie of his guile, 370 + His dearest love, the faire Fidessa, loe + Is there possessed of the traytour vile, + Who reapes the harvest sowen by his foe, + Sowen in bloudy field, and bought with woe: + That brothers hand shall dearely well requight, 375 + So be, O Queene, you equall favour showe. + Him litle answerd th' angry Elfin knight; +He never meant with words, but swords to plead his right. + + XLIII + +But threw his gauntlet as a sacred pledge, + His cause in combat the next day to try: 380 + So been they parted both, with harts on edge + To be aveng'd each on his enimy. + That night they pas in joy and jollity, + Feasting and courting both in bowre and hall; + For Steward was excessive Gluttonie, 385 + That of his plenty poured forth to all; +Which doen, the Chamberlain Slowth did to rest them call. + + XLIV + +Now whenas darkesome night had all displayed + Her coleblacke curtein over brightest skye, + The warlike youthes on dayntie couches layd, 390 + Did chace away sweet sleepe from sluggish eye, + To muse on meanes of hoped victory. + But whenas Morpheus had with leaden mace + Arrested all that courtly company, + Up-rose Duessa from her resting place, 395 +And to the Paynims lodging comes with silent pace. + + XLV + +Whom broad awake she finds, in troublous fit, + Forecasting, how his foe he might annoy, + And him amoves with speaches seeming fit: + Ah deare Sansjoy, next dearest to Sansfoy, 400 + Cause of my new griefe, cause of my new joy, + Joyous, to see his ymage in mine eye, + And greev'd, to thinke how foe did him destroy, + That was the flowre of grace and chevalrye; +Lo his Fidessa to thy secret faith I flye. 405 + + XLVI + +With gentle wordes he can her fairely greet, + And bad say on the secret of her hart. + Then sighing soft, I learne that litle sweet + Oft tempred is (quoth she) with muchell smart: + For since my brest was launcht with lovely dart 410 + Of deare Sans foy, I never joyed howre, + But in eternall woes my weaker hart + Have wasted, loving him with all my powre, +And for his sake have felt full many an heavie stowre. + + XLVII + +At last when perils all I weened past, 415 + And hop'd to reape the crop of all my care, + Into new woes unweeting I was cast, + By this false faytor, who unworthy ware + His worthy shield, whom he with guilefull snare + Entrapped slew, and brought to shamefull grave. 420 + Me silly maid away with him he bare, + And ever since hath kept in darksome cave, +For that I would not yeeld, that to Sans foy I gave. + + XLVIII + +But since faire Sunne hath sperst that lowring clowd, + And to my loathed life now shewes some light, 425 + Under your beames I will me safely shrowd, + From dreaded storme of his disdainfull spight: + To you th' inheritance belongs by right + Of brothers prayse, to you eke longs his love. + Let not his love, let not his restlesse spright, 430 + Be unreveng'd, that calles to you above +From wandring Stygian shores, where it doth endlesse move. + + XLIX + +Thereto said he, Faire Dame, be nought dismaid + For sorrowes past; their griefe is with them gone: + Ne yet of present perill be affraid; 435 + For needlesse feare did never vantage none + And helplesse hap° it booteth not to mone. + Dead is Sansfoy, his vitall paines are past, + Though greeved ghost for vengeance deepe do grone: + He lives, that shall him pay his dewties last,° 440 +And guiltie Elfin blood shall sacrifice in hast. + + L + +O but I feare the fickle freakes (quoth shee) + Of fortune false, and oddes of armes° in field. + Why Dame (quoth he) what oddes can ever bee, + Where both do fight alike, to win or yield? 445 + Yea but (quoth she) he beares a charmed shield, + And eke enchaunted armes, that none can perce, + Ne none can wound the man that does them wield. + Charmd or enchaunted (answerd he then ferce) +I no whit reck, ne you the like need to reherce. 450 + + LI + +But faire Fidessa, sithens fortunes guile, + Or enimies powre, hath now captived you, + Returne from whence ye came, and rest a while + Till morrow next, that I the Elfe subdew, + And with Sansfoyes dead dowry you endew. 455 + Ay me, that is a double death (she said) + With proud foes sight my sorrow to renew: + Where ever yet I be, my secret aid +Shall follow you. So passing forth she him obaid. + + * * * * * + + CANTO V + + The faithfull knight in equall field + subdewes his faithlesse foe, + Whom false Duessa saves, and for + his cure to hell does goe. + + I + +THE noble hart, that harbours vertuous thought, + And is with child of glorious great intent, + Can never rest, untill it forth have brought + Th' eternall brood of glorie excellent. + Such restlesse passion did all night torment 5 + The flaming corage of that Faery knight, + Devizing, how that doughtie turnament + With greatest honour he atchieven might; +Still did he wake, and still did watch for dawning light. + + II + +At last the golden Orientall gate, 10 + Of greatest heaven gan to open faire, + And Phoebus fresh, as bridegrome to his mate, + Came dauncing forth, shaking his deawie haire: + And hurls his glistring beams through gloomy aire. + Which when the wakeful Elfe perceiv'd, streightway 15 + He started up, and did him selfe prepaire, + In sunbright armes, and battailous array: +For with that Pagan proud he combat will that day. + + III + +And forth he comes into the commune hall, + Where earely waite him many a gazing eye, 20 + To weet what end to straunger knights may fall. + There many Minstrales maken melody, + To drive away the dull melancholy, + And many Bardes, that to the trembling chord + Can tune their timely voyces° cunningly, 25 + And many Chroniclers that can record +Old loves,° and warres for Ladies doen by many a Lord. + + IV + +Soone after comes the cruell Sarazin, + In woven maile° all armed warily, + And sternly lookes at him, who not a pin 30 + Does care for looke of living creatures eye. + They bring them wines of Greece and Araby,° + And daintie spices fetcht from furthest Ynd,° + To kindle heat of corage privily: + And in the wine a solemne oth they bynd 35 +T' observe the sacred lawes of armes, that are assynd. + + V + +At last forth comes that far renowmed Queene, + With royall pomp and Princely majestie; + She is ybrought unto a paled greene,° + And placed under stately canapee, 40 + The warlike feates of both those knights to see. + On th' other side in all mens open vew + Duessa placed is, and on a tree + Sans-foy his° shield is hangd with bloody hew: +Both those° the lawrell girlonds to the victor dew. 45 + + VI + +A shrilling trompet sownded from on hye, + And unto battaill bad them selves addresse: + Their shining shieldes about their wrestes they tye, + And burning blades about their heads do blesse, + The instruments of wrath and heavinesse: 50 + With greedy force each other doth assayle, + And strike so fiercely, that they do impresse + Deepe dinted furrowes in the battred mayle; +The yron walles to ward their blowes are weak and fraile. + + VII + +The Sarazin was stout, and wondrous strong, 55 + And heaped blowes like yron hammers great; + For after bloud and vengeance he did long. + The knight was fiers, and full of youthly heat, + And doubled strokes, like dreaded thunders threat: + For all for prayse and honour he did fight. 60 + Both stricken strike, and beaten both do beat, + That from their shields forth flyeth firie light, +And helmets hewen deepe show marks of eithers might. + + VIII + +So th' one for wrong, the other strives for right; + As when a Gryfon° seized of his pray, 65 + A Dragon fiers encountreth in his flight, + Through widest ayre making his ydle way, + That would his rightfull ravine rend away; + With hideous horror both together smight, + And souce so sore that they the heavens affray: 70 + The wise Soothsayer seeing so sad sight, +Th' amazed vulgar tels of warres and mortall fight. + + IX + +So th' one for wrong, the other strives for right, + And each to deadly shame would drive his foe: + The cruell steele so greedily doth bight 75 + In tender flesh that streames of bloud down flow, + With which the armes, that earst so bright did show, + Into a pure vermillion now are dyde: + Great ruth in all the gazers harts did grow, + Seeing the gored woundes to gape so wyde, 80 +That victory they dare not wish to either side. + + X + +At last the Paynim chaunst to cast his eye, + His suddein eye, flaming with wrathful fyre, + Upon his brothers shield, which hong thereby: + Therewith redoubled was his raging yre, 85 + And said, Ah wretched sonne of wofull syre, + Doest thou sit wayling by blacke Stygian lake, + Whilest here thy shield is hangd for victors hyre, + And sluggish german° doest thy forces slake +To after-send his foe, that him may overtake? 90 + + XI + +Goe caytive Elfe, him quickly overtake, + And soone redeeme from his long wandring woe; + Goe guiltie ghost, to him my message make, + That I his shield have quit from dying foe. + Therewith upon his crest he stroke him so, 95 + That twise he reeled, readie twise to fall; + End of the doubtfull battell deemed tho + The lookers on, and lowd to him gan call +The false Duessa, Thine the shield, and I, and all. + + XII + +Soone as the Faerie heard his Ladie speake,° 100 + Out of his swowning dreame he gan awake, + And quickning faith, that earst was woxen weake, + The creeping deadly cold away did shake: + Tho mov'd with wrath, and shame, and Ladies sake, + Of all attonce he cast avengd to bee, 105 + And with so' exceeding furie at him strake, + That forced him to stoupe upon his knee; +Had he not stouped so, he should have cloven bee. + + XIII + +And to him said, Goe now proud Miscreant, + Thy selfe thy message do to german deare; 110 + Alone he wandring thee too long doth want: + Goe say, his foe thy shield with his doth beare. + Therewith his heavie hand he high gan reare, + Him to have slaine; when loe a darkesome clowd° + Upon him fell: he no where doth appeare, 115 + But vanisht is. The Elfe him calls alowd, +But answer none receives: the darkness him does shrowd. + + XIV + +In haste Duessa from her place arose, + And to him running said, O prowest knight, + That ever Ladie to her love did chose, 120 + Let now abate the terror of your might, + And quench the flame of furious despight, + And bloudie vengeance; lo th' infernall powres, + Covering your foe with cloud of deadly night, + Have borne him hence to Plutoes balefull bowres. 125 +The conquest yours, I yours, the shield, the glory yours. + + XV + +Not all so satisfide, with greedie eye + He sought all round about, his thristie blade + To bath in bloud of faithlesse enemy; + Who all that while lay hid in secret shade: 130 + He standes amazed, how he thence should fade. + At last the trumpets Triumph sound on hie, + And running Heralds humble homage made, + Greeting him goodly with new victorie, +And to him brought the shield, the cause of enmitie. 135 + + XVI + +Wherewith he goeth to that soveraine Queene, + And falling her before on lowly knee, + To her makes present of his service seene: + Which she accepts, with thankes, and goodly gree, + Greatly advauncing his gay chevalree. 140 + So marcheth home, and by her takes the knight, + Whom all the people follow with great glee, + Shouting, and clapping all their hands on hight, +That all the aire it fils, and flyes to heaven bright. + + XVII + +Home is he brought, and laid in sumptuous bed: 145 + Where many skilfull leaches him abide, + To salve his hurts, that yet still freshly bled. + In wine and oyle they wash his woundes wide, + And softly can embalme on every side. + And all the while, most heavenly melody 150 + About the bed sweet musicke did divide, + Him to beguile of griefe and agony: +And all the while Duessa wept full bitterly. + + XVIII + +As when a wearie traveller that strayes + By muddy shore of broad seven-mouthed Nile, 155 + Unweeting of the perillous wandring wayes, + Doth meete a cruell craftie Crocodile, + Which in false griefe hyding his harmefull guile, + Doth weepe full sore, and sheddeth tender teares:° + The foolish man, that pitties all this while 160 + His mournefull plight, is swallowed up unawares, +Forgetfull of his owne, that mindes anothers cares. + + XIX + +So wept Duessa untill eventide, + That shyning lampes in Joves high house were light: + Then forth she rose, ne lenger would abide, 165 + But comes unto the place, where th' Hethen knight + In slombring swownd nigh voyd of vitall spright, + Lay cover'd with inchaunted cloud all day: + Whom when she found, as she him left in plight, + To wayle his woefull case she would not stay, 170 +But to the easterne coast of heaven makes speedy way. + + XX + +Where griesly Night,° with visage deadly sad, + That Phoebus chearefull face durst never vew, + And in a foule blacke pitchie mantle clad, + She findes forth comming from her darkesome mew, 175 + Where she all day did hide her hated hew. + Before the dore her yron charet stood, + Alreadie harnessed for journey new; + And coleblacke steedes yborne of hellish brood, +That on their rustie bits did champ, as they were wood. 180 + + XXI + +Who when she saw Duessa sunny bright, + Adornd with gold and jewels shining cleare, + She greatly grew amazed at the sight, + And th' unacquainted light began to feare: + For never did such brightnesse there appeare, 185 + And would have backe retyred to her cave, + Until the witches speech she gan to heare, + Saying, Yet, O thou dreaded Dame, I crave +Abide, till I have told the message which I have. + + XXII + +She stayd, and foorth Duessa gan proceede 190 + O thou most auncient Grandmother of all, + More old then Jove, whom thou at first didst breede, + Or that great house of Gods cęlestiall, + Which wast begot in Daemogorgons hall, + And sawst the secrets of the world unmade, 195 + Why suffredst thou thy Nephewes deare to fall + With Elfin sword, most shamefully betrade? +Lo where the stout Sansjoy doth sleepe in deadly shade. + + XXIII + +And him before, I saw with bitter eyes + The bold Sansfoy shrinke underneath his speare; 200 + And now the pray of fowles in field he lyes, + Nor wayld of friends, nor layd on groning beare,° + That whylome was to me too dearely deare. + O what of Gods° then boots it to be borne, + If old Aveugles sonnes so evill heare? 205 + Or who shall not great Nightes children scorne, +When two of three her Nephews are so fowle forlorne? + + XXIV + +Up then, up dreary Dame, of darknesse Queene, + Go gather up the reliques of thy race, + Or else goe them avenge, and let be seene, 210 + That dreaded Night in brightest day hath place, + And can the children of faire light deface. + Her feeling speeches some compassion moved + In hart, and chaunge in that great mothers face: + Yet pittie in her hart was never proved 215 +Till then: for evermore she hated, never loved. + + XXV + +And said, Deare daughter rightly may I rew + The fall of famous children borne of mee, + And good successes,° which their foes ensew: + But who can turne the streame of destinee, 220 + Or breake the chayne° of strong necessitee, + Which fast is tyde to Joves eternall seat? + The sonnes of Day he favoureth, I see, + And by my ruines thinkes to make them great: +To make one great by others losse, is bad excheat.° 225 + + XXVI + +Yet shall they not escape so freely all; + For some shall pay the price of others guilt: + And he the man that made Sansfoy to fall, + Shall with his owne bloud° price that he has spilt. + But what art thou, that telst of Nephews kilt? 230 + I that do seeme not I, Duessa am, + (Quoth she) how ever now in garments gilt, + And gorgeous gold arrayd I to thee came; +Duessa I, the daughter of Deceipt and Shame. + + XXVII + +Then bowing downe her aged backe, she kist 235 + The wicked witch, saying; In that faire face + The false resemblance of Deceipt I wist + Did closely lurke; yet so true-seeming grace + It carried, that I scarce in darkesome place + Could it discerne, though I the mother bee 240 + Of falshood, and roote of Duessaes race. + O welcome child, whom I have longd to see, +And now have seene unwares. Lo now I go with thee. + + XXVIII + +Then to her yron wagon she betakes, + And with her beares the fowle welfavourd witch: 245 + Through mirkesome aire her readie way she makes. + Her twyfold Teme, of which two blacke as pitch, + And two were browne, yet each to each unlich, + Did softly swim away, ne ever stampe, + Unlesse she chaunst their stubborne mouths to twitch; 250 + Then foming tarre, their bridles they would champe, +And trampling the fine element would fiercely rampe. + + XXIX + +So well they sped, that they be come at length + Unto the place, whereas the Paynim lay, + Devoid of outward sense, and native strength, 255 + Coverd with charmed cloud from vew of day + And sight of men, since his late luckelesse fray. + His cruell wounds with cruddy bloud congeald + They binden up so wisely, as they may, + And handle softly, till they can be healed: 260 +So lay him in her charet close in night concealed. + + XXX + +And all the while she stood upon the ground, + The wakefull dogs did never cease to bay,° + As giving warning of th' unwonted sound, + With which her yron wheeles did them affray, 265 + And her darke griesly looke them much dismay: + The messenger of death, the ghastly Owle° + With drery shriekes did also her bewray; + And hungry Wolves continually did howle, +At her abhorred face, so filthy and so fowle. 270 + + XXXI + +Thence turning backe in silence soft they stole, + And brought the heavie corse with easie pace + To yawning gulfe of deepe Avernus hole.° + By that same hole an entrance darke and bace + With smoake and sulphure hiding all the place, 275 + Descends to hell: there creature never past, + That backe returned without heavenly grace; + But dreadfull Furies which their chaines have brast, +And damned sprights sent forth to make ill men aghast. + + XXXII + +By that same way the direfull dames doe drive 280 + Their mournefull charet, fild with rusty blood, + And downe to Plutoes house are come bilive: + Which passing through, on every side them stood + The trembling ghosts with sad amazed mood, + Chattring their yron teeth, and staring wide 285 + With stonie eyes; and all the hellish brood + Of feends infernall flockt on every side, +To gaze on earthly wight that with the Night durst ride. + + XXXIII + +They pas the bitter waves of Acheron, + Where many soules sit wailing woefully, 290 + And come to fiery flood of Phlegeton, + Whereas the damned ghosts in torments fry, + And with sharpe shrilling shriekes doe bootlesse cry, + Cursing high Jove, the which them thither sent. + The house of endlesse paine is built thereby, 295 + In which ten thousand sorts of punishment +The cursed creatures doe eternally torment. + + XXXIV + +Before the threshold dreadfull Cerberus° + His three deformed heads did lay along, + Curled with thousand adders venemous, 300 + And lilled forth his bloudie flaming tong: + At them he gan to reare his bristles strong, + And felly gnarre, until Dayes enemy + Did him appease; then downe his taile he hong + And suffred them to passen quietly: 305 +For she in hell and heaven had power equally. + + XXXV + +There was Ixion turned on a wheele,° + For daring tempt the Queene of heaven to sin; + And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reele + Against an hill, ne might from labour lin; 310 + There thirsty Tantalus hong by the chin; + And Tityus fed a vulture on his maw; + Typhoeus joynts were stretched on a gin, + Theseus condemnd to endlesse slouth by law, +And fifty sisters water in leake vessels draw. 315 + + XXXVI + +They all beholding worldly wights in place, + Leave off their worke, unmindfull of their smart, + To gaze on them; who forth by them doe pace, + Till they be come unto the furthest part; + Where was a Cave ywrought by wondrous art, 320 + Deepe, darke, uneasie, dolefull, comfortlesse, + In which sad Aesculapius° farre apart + Emprisond was in chaines remedilesse, +For that Hippolytus rent corse he did redresse. + + XXXVII + +Hippolytus a jolly huntsman was 325 + That wont in charett chace the foming Bore: + He all his Peeres in beauty did surpas, + But Ladies love as losse of time forbore: + His wanton stepdame loved him the more, + But when she saw her offred sweets refused, 330 + Her love she turnd to hate, and him before + His father fierce of treason false accused, +And with her gealous termes his open eares abused. + + XXXVIII + +Who all in rage his Sea-god syre besought, + Some cursed vengeaunce on his sonne to cast, 335 + From surging gulf two monsters straight were brought, + With dread whereof his chasing steedes aghast, + Both charet swift and huntsman overcast. + His goodly corps on ragged cliffs yrent, + Was quite dismembred, and his members chast 340 + Scattered on every mountaine, as he went, +That of Hippolytus was left no moniment. + + XXXIX + +His cruell step-dame seeing what was donne, + Her wicked dayes with wretched knife did end, + In death avowing th' innocence of her sonne, 345 + Which hearing, his rash Syre began to rend + His haire, and hastie tongue that did offend. + Tho gathering up the relicks of his smart, + By Dianes meanes, who was Hippolyts frend, + Them brought to Ęsculape, that by his art 350 +Did heale them all againe, and joyned every part. + + XL + +Such wondrous science in mans wit to raine + When Jove avizd, that could the dead revive, + And fates expired° could renew againe, + Of endlesse life he might him not deprive, 355 + But unto hell did thrust him downe alive, + With flashing thunderbolt ywounded sore: + Where long remaining, he did alwaies strive + Himselfe with salves to health for to restore, +And slake the heavenly fire, that raged evermore. 360 + + XLI + +There auncient Night arriving, did alight + From her nigh wearie waine, and in her armes + To Ęsculapius brought the wounded knight: + Whom having softly disarayd of armes, + Tho gan to him discover all his harmes, 365 + Beseeching him with prayer, and with praise, + If either salves, or oyles, or herbes, or charmes + A fordonne wight from dore of death mote raise, +He would at her request prolong her nephews daies. + + XLII + +Ah Dame (quoth he) thou temptest me in vaine, 370 + To dare the thing, which daily yet I rew, + And the old cause of my continued paine + With like attempt to like end to renew. + Is not enough, that thrust from heaven dew + Here endlesse penance for one fault I pay, 375 + But that redoubled crime with vengeance new + Thou biddest me to eeke? can Night defray +The wrath of thundring Jove that rules both night and day? + + XLIII + +Not so (quoth she) but sith that heavens king + From hope of heaven hath thee excluded quight, 380 + Why fearest thou, that canst not hope for thing; + And fearest not, that more thee hurten might, + Now in the powre of everlasting Night? + Goe to then, O thou farre renowmed sonne + Of great Apollo, shew thy famous might 385 + In medicine, that else hath to thee wonne +Great paines, and greater praise,° both never to be donne. + + XLIV + +Her words prevaild: And then the learned leach + His cunning hand gan to his wounds to lay, + And all things else, the which his art did teach: 390 + Which having seene, from thence arose away + The mother of dread darknesse, and let stay + Aveugles sonne there in the leaches cure, + And backe returning tooke her wonted way, + To runne her timely race, whilst Phoebus pure, 395 +In westerne waves his weary wagon did recure. + + XLV + +The false Duessa leaving noyous Night, + Returnd to stately pallace of Dame Pride; + Where when she came, she found the Faery knight + Departed thence, albe his woundes wide 400 + Not throughly heald, unreadie were to ride. + Good cause he had to hasten thence away; + For on a day his wary Dwarfe had spide + Where in a dongeon deepe huge numbers lay +Of caytive wretched thrals, that wayled night and day. 405 + + XLVI + +A ruefull sight, as could be seene with eie; + Of whom he learned had in secret wise + The hidden cause of their captivitie, + How mortgaging their lives to Covetise, + Through wastfull Pride and wanton Riotise, 410 + They were by law of that proud Tyrannesse, + Provokt with Wrath, and Envies false surmise, + Condemned to that Dongeon mercilesse, +Where they should live in woe, and die in wretchednesse. + + XLVII + +There was that great proud king of Babylon,° 415 + That would compell all nations to adore, + And him as onely God to call upon, + Till through celestiall doome throwne out of dore, + Into an Oxe he was transform'd of yore: + There also was king Croesus,° that enhaunst 420 + His hart too high through his great riches store; + And proud Antiochus,° the which advaunst +His cursed hand gainst God and on his altars daunst. + + XLVIII + +And them long time before, great Nimrod° was, + That first the world with sword and fire warrayd; 425 + And after him old Ninus° farre did pas + In princely pompe, of all the world obayd; + There also was that mightie Monarch° layd + Low under all, yet above all in pride, + That name of native syre did fowle upbrayd, 430 + And would as Ammons sonne be magnifide, +Till scornd of God and man a shamefull death he dide. + + XLIX + +All these together in one heape were throwne, + Like carkases of beasts in butchers stall. + And in another corner wide were strowne 435 + The antique ruines of the Romaines fall: + Great Romulus° the Grandsyre of them all, + Proud Tarquin,° and too lordly Lentulus,° + Stout Scipio,° and stubborne Hanniball,° + Ambitious Sylla,° and sterne Marius,° 440 +High Caesar,° great Pompey,° and fierce Antonius.° + + L + +Amongst these mightie men were wemen mixt, + Proud wemen, vaine, forgetfull of their yoke: + The bold Semiramis,° whose sides transfixt + With sonnes own blade, her fowle reproches spoke; 445 + Faire Sthenoboea,° that her selfe did choke + With wilfull cord, for wanting of her will; + High minded Cleopatra,° that with stroke + Of Aspes sting her selfe did stoutly kill: +And thousands moe the like, that did that dongeon fill; 450 + + LI + +Besides the endlesse routs of wretched thralles, + Which thither were assembled day by day, + From all the world after their wofull falles + Through wicked pride, and wasted wealthes decay. + But most of all, which in the Dongeon lay, 455 + Fell from high Princes courts, or Ladies bowres; + Where they in idle pompe, or wanton play, + Consumed had their goods, and thriftlesse howres, +And lastly throwne themselves into these heavy stowres. + + LII + +Whose case when as the carefull Dwarfe had tould, 460 + And made ensample of their mournefull sight + Unto his maister, he no lenger would + There dwell in perill of like painefull plight, + But early rose, and ere that dawning light + Discovered had the world to heaven wyde, 465 + He by a privie Posterne tooke his flight, + That of no envious eyes he mote be spyde: +For doubtlesse death ensewd, if any him descryde. + + LIII + +Scarse could he footing find in that fowle way, + For many corses, like a great Lay-stall, 470 + Of murdred men which therein strowed lay, + Without remorse, or decent funerall: + Which all through that great Princesse pride did fall + And came to shamefull end. And them beside + Forth ryding underneath the castell wall, 475 + A donghill of dead carkases he spide, +The dreadfull spectacle of that sad house of Pride. + + * * * * * + + CANTO VI + + From lawlesse lust by wondrous grace + fayre Una is releast: + Whom salvage nation does adore, + and learnes her wise beheast. + + I + +As when a ship, that flyes faire under saile, + An hidden rocke escaped hath unwares, + That lay in waite her wrack for to bewaile, + The Marriner yet halfe amazed stares + At perill past, and yet in doubt ne dares 5 + To joy at his foole-happie oversight: + So doubly is distrest twixt joy and cares + The dreadlesse courage of this Elfin knight, +Having escapt so sad ensamples in his sight. + + II + +Yet sad he was that his too hastie speede 10 + The faire Duess' had forst him leave behind; + And yet more sad, that Una his deare dreed + Her truth had staind with treason so unkind; + Yet crime in her could never creature find, + But for his love, and for her owne selfe sake, 15 + She wandred had from one to other Ynd,° + Him for to seeke, ne ever would forsake, +Till her unwares the fiers Sansloy did overtake. + + III + +Who, after Archimagoes fowle defeat, + Led her away into a forest wilde, 20 + And turning wrathfull fyre to lustfull heat, + With beastly sin thought her to have defilde, + And made the vassal of his pleasures wilde. + Yet first he cast by treatie, and by traynes, + Her to persuade that stubborne fort to yilde: 25 + For greater conquest of hard love he gaynes, +That workes it to his will, then he that it constraines. + + IV + +With fawning words he courted her awhile, + And looking lovely, and oft sighing sore, + Her constant hart did tempt with diverse guile, 30 + But wordes and lookes, and sighes she did abhore; + As rocke of Diamond steadfast evermore, + Yet for to feed his fyrie lustfull eye, + He snatcht the vele that hong her face before; + Then gan her beautie shyne, as brightest skye 35 +And burnt his beastly hart t'efforce her chastitye. + + V + +So when he saw his flatt'ring artes to fayle, + And subtile engines bett from batteree; + With greedy force he gan the fort assayle, + Whereof he weend possessed soone to bee, 40 + And with rich spoile of ransackt chastitee. + Ah heavens! that do this hideous act behold, + And heavenly virgin thus outraged see, + How can ye vengeance just so long withold +And hurle not flashing flames upon that Paynim bold? 45 + + VI + +The pitteous maiden carefull comfortlesse, + Does throw out thrilling shriekes, and shrieking cryes, + The last vaine helpe of womens great distresse, + And with loud plaints importuneth the skyes, + That molten starres do drop like weeping eyes; 50 + And Phoebus flying so most shameful sight, + His blushing face in foggy cloud implyes, + And hides for shame. What wit of mortall wight +Can now devise to quit a thrall from such a plight? + + VII + +Eternal providence exceeding thought, 55 + Where none appeares can make herselfe a way: + A wondrous way it for this Lady wrought, + From Lyons clawes to pluck the griped pray. + Her shrill outcryes and shriekes so loud did bray, + That all the woodes and forestes did resownd; 60 + A troupe of Faunes and Satyres° far away + Within the wood were dauncing in a rownd, +Whiles old Sylvanus° slept in shady arber sownd: + + VIII + +Who when they heard that pitteous strained voice, + In haste forsooke their rurall meriment, 65 + And ran towards the far rebownded noyce, + To weet, what wight so loudly did lament. + Unto the place they come incontinent: + Whom when the raging Sarazin espide, + A rude, mishapen, monstrous rablement, 70 + Whose like he never saw, he durst not bide, +But got his ready steed, and fast away gan ride. + + IX + +The wyld woodgods arrived in the place, + There find the virgin dolefull desolate, + With ruffled rayments, and faire blubbred face, 75 + As her outrageous foe had left her late; + And trembling yet through feare of former hate: + All stand amazed at so uncouth sight, + And gin to pittie her unhappie state; + All stand astonied at her beautie bright, 80 +In their rude eyes unworthy of so wofull plight. + + X + +She more amaz'd, in double dread doth dwell; + And every tender part for feare doth shake: + As when a greedie Wolfe, through hunger fell, + A seely Lambe farre from the flocke does take, 85 + Of whom he meanes his bloudie feast to make, + A Lyon spyes fast running towards him, + The innocent pray in hast he does forsake, + Which quit from death yet quakes in every lim +With chaunge of feare,° to see the Lyon looke so grim. 90 + + XI + +Such fearefull fit assaid her trembling hart, + Ne word to speake, ne joynt to move she had: + The salvage nation feele her secret smart, + And read her sorrow in her count'nance sad; + Their frowning forheads with rough hornes yclad, 95 + And rustick horror° all a side doe lay; + And gently grenning, show a semblance glad + To comfort her, and feare to put away, +Their backward bent knees° teach her humbly to obay. + + XII + +The doubtfull Damzell dare not yet commit 100 + Her single person to their barbarous truth;° + But still twixt feare and hope amazd does sit, + Late learnd° what harme to hasty trust ensu'th: + They in compassion of her tender youth, + And wonder of her beautie soveraine, 105 + Are wonne with pitty and unwonted ruth, + And all prostrate upon the lowly plaine, +Do kisse her feete, and fawne on her with count'nance faine. + + XIII + +Their harts she ghesseth by their humble guise, + And yieldes her to extremitie of time; 110 + So from the ground she fearlesse doth arise, + And walketh forth without suspect of crime:° + They all as glad, as birdes of joyous Prime, + Thence lead her forth, about her dauncing round, + Shouting, and singing all a shepheards ryme, 115 + And with greene braunches strowing all the ground, +Do worship her, as Queene, with olive° girlond cround. + + XIV + +And all the way their merry pipes they sound, + That all the woods with doubled Eccho ring, + And with their horned feet° do weare the ground, 120 + Leaping like wanton kids in pleasant Spring. + So towards old Sylvanus they her bring; + Who with the noyse awaked commeth out + To weet the cause, his weake steps governing, + And aged limbs on Cypresse stadle stout; 125 +And with an yvie twyne his wast is girt about. + + XV + +Far off he wonders, what them makes so glad, + Or Bacchus merry fruit° they did invent, + Or Cybeles franticke rites° have made them mad, + They drawing nigh, unto their God present 130 + That flowre of faith and beautie excellent. + The God himselfe, vewing that mirrhour rare,° + Stood long amazd, and burnt in his intent; + His owne faire Dryope° now he thinkes not faire, +And Pholoe fowle when her to this he doth compaire. 135 + + XVI + +The woodborne people fall before her flat, + And worship her as Goddesse of the wood; + And old Sylvanus selfe bethinkes not, what + To thinke of wight so faire, but gazing stood, + In doubt to deeme her borne of earthly brood; 140 + Sometimes Dame Venus selfe he seemes to see, + But Venus never had so sober mood; + Sometimes Diana he her takes to bee, +But misseth bow, and shaftes, and buskins to her knee. + + XVII + +By vew of her he ginneth to revive 145 + His ancient love, and dearest Cyparisse,° + And calles to mind his pourtraiture alive, + How faire he was, and yet not faire to this,° + And how he slew with glauncing dart amisse + A gentle Hynd, the which the lovely boy 150 + Did love as life, above all worldly blisse; + For griefe whereof the lad n'ould after joy,° +But pynd away in anguish and selfe-wild annoy.° + + XVIII + +The wooddy Nymphes, faire Hamadryades,° + Her to behold do thither runne apace, 155 + And all the troupe of light-foot Naiades° + Flocke all about to see her lovely face: + But when they vewed have her heavenly grace, + They envy her in their malitious mind, + And fly away for feare of fowle disgrace: 160 + But all the Satyres scorne their woody kind,° +And henceforth nothing faire but her on earth they find. + + XIX + +Glad of such lucke, the luckelesse° lucky maid, + Did her content to please their feeble eyes, + And long time with that salvage people staid, 165 + To gather breath in many miseries. + During which time her gentle wit she plyes, + To teach them truth, which worshipt her in vaine, + And made her th' Image of Idolatryes°; + But when their bootlesse zeale she did restraine 170 +From her own worship, they her Asse would worship fayn. + + XX + +It fortuned a noble warlike knight° + By just occasion° to that forrest came, + To seeke his kindred, and the lignage right, + From whence he tooke his well deserved name: 175 + He had in armes abroad wonne muchell fame, + And fild far lands with glorie of his might, + Plaine, faithfull, true, and enimy of shame, + And ever lov'd to fight for Ladies right: +But in vaine glorious frayes he litle did delight. 180 + + XXI + +A Satyres sonne yborne in forrest wyld, + By straunge adventure as it did betyde, + And there begotten of a Lady myld, + Faire Thyamis° the daughter of Labryde, + That was in sacred bands of wedlocke tyde 185 + To Therion, a loose unruly swayne; + Who had more joy to raunge the forrest wyde, + And chase the salvage beast with busie payne, +Then serve his Ladies love, and wast in pleasures vayne. + + XXII + +The forlorne mayd did with loves longing burne 190 + And could not lacke her lovers company, + But to the wood she goes, to serve her turne, + And seeke her spouse that from her still does fly, + And followes other game and venery: + A Satyre chaunst her wandring for to finde, 195 + * * * * * +And made her person thrall unto his beastly kind. + + XXIII + +So long in secret cabin there he held + * * * * * + Then home he suffred her for to retyre, + For ransome leaving him the late borne childe; + Whom till to ryper yeares he gan aspire, 200 + He noursled up in life and manners wilde, +Emongst wild beasts and woods, from lawes of men exilde. + + XXIV + +For all he taught the tender ymp, was but° + To banish cowardize and bastard feare; + His trembling hand he would him force to put 205 + Upon the Lyon and the rugged Beare; + And from the she Beares teats her whelps to teare; + And eke wyld roaring Buls he would him make + To tame, and ryde their backes not made to beare; + And the Robuckes in flight to overtake, 210 +That every beast for feare of him did fly and quake. + + XXV + +Thereby so fearlesse, and so fell he grew, + That his owne sire and maister of his guise° + Did often tremble at his horrid vew,° + And oft for dread of hurt would him advise, 215 + The angry beasts not rashly to despise, + Nor too much to provoke; for he would learne + The Lyon stoup to him in lowly wise, + (A lesson hard) and make the Libbard sterne +Leave roaring, when in rage he for revenge did earne. 220 + + XXVI + +And for to make his powre approved more, + Wyld beasts in yron yokes he would compell; + The spotted Panther, and the tusked Bore, + The Pardale swift, and the tigre cruell, + The Antelope, and Wolfe both fierce and fell; 225 + And them constraine in equall teme to draw. + Such joy he had, their stubborne harts to quell, + And sturdie courage tame with dreadfull aw, +That his beheast they feared, as a tyrans law. + + XXVII + +His loving mother came upon a day 230 + Unto the woods, to see her little sonne; + And chaunst unwares to meet him in the way, + After his sportes, and cruell pastime donne; + When after him a Lyonesse did runne, + That roaring all with rage, did lowd requere 235 + Her children deare, whom he away had wonne: + The Lyon whelpes she saw how he did beare, +And lull in rugged armes, withouten childish feare. + + XXVIII + +The fearefull Dame all quaked at the sight, + And turning backe, gan fast to fly away, 240 + Untill with love revokt from vaine affright, + She hardly yet perswaded was to stay, + And then to him these womanish words gan say; + Ah Satyrane, my dearling, and my joy, + For love of me leave off this dreadfull play; 245 + To dally thus with death is no fit toy, +Go find some other play-fellowes, mine own sweet boy. + + XXIX + +In these and like delights of bloudy game + He trayned was, till ryper yeares he raught; + And there abode, whilst any beast of name 250 + Walkt in that forest, whom he had not taught + To feare his force: and then his courage haught + Desird of forreine foemen to be knowne, + And far abroad for straunge adventures sought; + In which his might was never overthrowne; 255 +But through all Faery lond his famous worth was blown.° + + XXX + +Yet evermore it was his manner faire, + After long labours and adventures spent, + Unto those native woods for to repaire, + To see his sire and offspring auncient. 260 + And now he thither came for like intent; + Where he unwares the fairest Una found, + Straunge Lady, in so straunge habiliment, + Teaching the Satyres, which her sat around, +Trew sacred lore, which from her sweet lips did redound. 265 + + XXXI + +He wondred at her wisedome heavenly rare, + Whose like in womens wit he never knew; + And when her curteous deeds he did compare, + Gan her admire, and her sad sorrowes rew, + Blaming of Fortune, which such troubles threw, 270 + And joyd to make proofe of her crueltie, + On gentle Dame, so hurtlesse, and so trew: + Thenceforth he kept her goodly company, +And learnd her discipline of faith and veritie. + + XXXII + +But she all vowd unto the Redcrosse knight, 275 + His wandring perill closely did lament, + Ne in this new acquaintaunce could delight, + But her deare heart with anguish did torment, + And all her wit in secret counsels spent, + How to escape. At last in privie wise 280 + To Satyrane she shewed her intent; + Who glad to gain such favour, gan devise +How with that pensive Maid he best might thence arise. + + XXXIII + +So on a day when Satyres all were gone + To do their service to Sylvanus old, 285 + The gentle virgin left behind alone + He led away with courage stout and bold. + Too late it was, to Satyres to be told, + Or ever hope recover her againe: + In vaine he seekes that having cannot hold. 290 + So fast he carried her with carefull paine, +That they the woods are past, and come now to the plaine. + + XXXIV + +The better part now of the lingring day, + They traveild had, whenas they farre espide + A weary wight forwandring by the way, 295 + And towards him they gan in haste to ride, + To weete of newes, that did abroad betide, + Or tydings of her knight of the Redcrosse. + But he them spying, gan to turne aside, + For feare as seemd, or for some feigned losse; 300 +More greedy they of newes, fast towards him do crosse. + + XXXV + +A silly man, in simple weedes forworne, + And soild with dust of the long dried way; + His sandales were with toilsome travell torne, + And face all tand with scorching sunny ray, 305 + As he had traveild many a sommers day, + Through boyling sands of Arabie and Ynde; + And in his hand a Jacobs staffe,° to stay + His wearie limbes upon: and eke behind, +His scrip did hang, in which his needments he did bind. 310 + + XXXVI + +The knight approaching nigh, of him inquerd + Tidings of warre, and of adventures new; + But warres, nor new adventures none he herd. + Then Una gan to aske, if ought he knew, + Or heard abroad of that her champion trew, 315 + That in his armour bare a croslet red. + Aye me, Deare dame (quoth he) well may I rew + To tell the sad sight which mine eies have red. +These eies did see that knight both living and eke ded. + + XXXVII + +That cruell word her tender hart so thrild, 320 + That suddein cold did runne through every vaine, + And stony horrour all her sences fild + With dying fit, that downe she fell for paine. + The knight her lightly reared up againe, + And comforted with curteous kind reliefe: 325 + Then, wonne from death, she bad him tellen plaine + The further processe of her hidden griefe: +The lesser pangs can beare, who hath endur'd the chiefe. + + XXXVIII + +Then gan the Pilgrim thus, I chaunst this day, + This fatall day, that shall I ever rew, 330 + To see two knights in travell on my way + (A sory sight) arraung'd in battell new, + Both breathing vengeaunce, both of wrathfull hew: + My fearefull flesh did tremble at their strife, + To see their blades so greedily imbrew, 335 + That drunke with bloud, yet thristed after life: +What more? the Redcrosse knight was slaine with Paynim knife. + + XXXIX + +Ah dearest Lord (quoth she) how might that bee, + And he the stoughtest knight, that ever wonne? + Ah dearest dame (quoth he) how might I see 340 + The thing, that might not be, and yet was donne? + Where is (said Satyrane) that Paynims sonne, + That him of life, and us of joy hath reft? + Not far away (quoth he) he hence doth wonne + Foreby a fountaine, where I late him left 345 +Washing his bloudy wounds, that through the steele were cleft. + + XL + +Therewith the knight thence marched forth in hast, + Whiles Una with huge heavinesse opprest, + Could not for sorrow follow him so fast; + And soone he came, as he the place had ghest, 350 + Whereas that Pagan proud him selfe did rest, + In secret shadow by a fountaine side: + Even he it was, that earst would have supprest + Faire Una: whom when Satyrane espide, +With fowle reprochfull words he boldly him defide. 355 + + XLI + +And said, Arise thou cursed Miscreaunt, + That hast with knightlesse guile and trecherous train + Faire knighthood fowly shamed, and doest vaunt + That good knight of the Redcrosse to have slain: + Arise, and with like treason now maintain 360 + Thy guilty wrong, or els thee guilty yield. + The Sarazin this hearing, rose amain, + And catching up in hast his three-square shield, +And shining helmet, soone him buckled to the field. + + XLII + +And drawing nigh him said, Ah misborne Elfe, 365 + In evill houre thy foes thee hither sent, + Anothers wrongs to wreake upon thy selfe: + Yet ill thou blamest me, for having blent + My name with guile and traiterous intent: + That Redcrosse knight, perdie, I never slew, 370 + But had he beene, where earst his arms were lent,° + Th' enchaunter vaine° his errour should not rew: +But thou his errour shalt,° I hope, now proven trew. + + XLIII + +Therewith they gan, both furious and fell, + To thunder blowes, and fiersly to assaile 375 + Each other bent his enimy to quell, + That with their force they perst both plate and maile, + And made wide furrowes in their fleshes fraile, + That it would pitty any living eie. + Large floods of bloud adowne their sides did raile; 380 + But floods of bloud could not them satisfie: +Both hungred after death: both chose to win, or die. + + XLIV + +So long they fight, and fell revenge pursue, + That fainting each, themselves to breathen let, + And oft refreshed, battell oft renue: 385 + As when two Bores with rancling malice met,° + Their gory sides fresh bleeding fiercely fret, + Til breathlesse both them selves aside retire, + Where foming wrath, their cruell tuskes they whet, + And trample th' earth, the whiles they may respire; 390 +Then backe to fight againe, new breathed and entire. + + XLV + +So fiersly, when these knights had breathed once, + They gan to fight returne, increasing more + Their puissant force, and cruell rage attonce. + With heaped strokes more hugely then before, 395 + That with their drerie wounds and bloudy gore + They both deformed, scarsely could be known. + By this, sad Una fraught with anguish sore, + Led with their noise, which through the aire was thrown: +Arriv'd, wher they in erth their fruitles bloud had sown. 400 + + XLVI + +Whom all so soone as that proud Sarazin + Espide, he gan revive the memory + Of his lewd lusts, and late attempted sin, + And left the doubtfull battell hastily, + To catch her, newly offred to his eie: 405 + But Satyrane with strokes him turning, staid, + And sternely bad him other businesse plie, + Then hunt the steps of pure unspotted Maid: +Wherewith he all enrag'd, these bitter speaches said. + + XLVII + +O foolish faeries son, what fury mad 410 + Hath thee incenst, to hast thy doefull fate? + Were it not better I that Lady had, + Then that thou hadst repented it too late? + Most senseless man he, that himselfe doth hate + To love another. Lo then for thine ayd 415 + Here take thy lovers token on thy pate.° + So they two fight; the whiles the royall Mayd +Fledd farre away, of that proud Paynim sore afrayd. + + XLVIII + +But that false Pilgrim, which that leasing told, + Being in deed old Archimage, did stay 420 + In secret shadow, all this to behold, + And much rejoiced in their bloudy fray: + But when he saw the Damsell passe away, + He left his stond, and her pursewd apace, + In hope to bring her to her last decay,° 425 + But for to tell her lamentable cace,° +And eke this battels end, will need another place. + + * * * * * + + CANTO VII + + The Redcrosse knight is captive made + by Gyaunt proud opprest, + Prince Arthur meets with Una great- + ly with those newes distrest. + + I + +What man so wise, what earthly wit so ware, + As to discry the crafty cunning traine, + By which deceipt doth maske in visour faire, + And cast her colours dyed deepe in graine, + To seeme like Truth, whose shape she well can faine, 5 + And fitting gestures to her purpose frame; + The guiltlesse man with guile to entertaine? + Great maistresse of her art was that false Dame, +The false Duessa, cloked with Fidessaes name. + + II + +Who when returning from the drery Night, 10 + She fownd not in that perilous house of Pryde, + Where she had left, the noble Redcrosse knight, + Her hoped pray; she would no lenger bide, + But forth she went, to seeke him far and wide. + Ere long she fownd, whereas he wearie sate 15 + To rest him selfe, foreby a fountaine side, + Disarmed all of yron-coted Plate, +And by his side his steed the grassy forage ate. + + III + +He feedes upon° the cooling shade, and bayes + His sweatie forehead in the breathing wind, 20 + Which through the trembling leaves full gently playes, + Wherein the cherefull birds of sundry kind + Do chaunt sweet musick, to delight his mind: + The Witch approaching gan him fairely greet, + And with reproch of carelesnesse unkind 25 + Upbrayd, for leaving her in place unmeet, +With fowle words tempring faire, soure gall with hony sweet. + + IV + +Unkindnesse past, they gan of solace treat, + And bathe in pleasaunce of the joyous shade, + Which shielded them against the boyling heat, 30 + And with greene boughes decking a gloomy glade, + About the fountaine like a girlond made; + Whose bubbling wave did ever freshly well, + Ne ever would through fervent sommer fade: + The sacred Nymph, which therein wont to dwell, 35 +Was out of Dianes favour, as it then befell. + + V + +The cause was this: One day, when Phoebe° fayre + With all her band was following the chace, + This Nymph, quite tyr'd with heat of scorching ayre, + Sat downe to rest in middest of the race: 40 + The goddesse wroth gan fowly her disgrace, + And bad the waters, which from her did flow, + Be such as she her selfe was then in place. + Thenceforth her waters waxed dull and slow, +And all that drinke thereof do faint and feeble grow.° 45 + + VI + +Hereof this gentle knight unweeting was, + And lying downe upon the sandie graile, + Drunke of the streame, as cleare as cristall glas: + Eftsoones his manly forces gan to faile, + And mightie strong was turned to feeble fraile. 50 + His chaunged powres at first them selves not felt, + Till crudled cold his corage gan assaile, + And cheareful bloud in faintnesse chill did melt, +Which like a fever fit through all his body swelt. + + VII + +Yet goodly court he made still to his Dame, 55 + Pourd° out in loosnesse on the grassy grownd, + Both carelesse of his health, and of his fame: + Till at the last he heard a dreadfull sownd, + Which through the wood loud bellowing did rebownd, + That all the earth for terrour seemd to shake, 60 + And trees did tremble. Th' Elfe therewith astownd, + Upstarted lightly from his looser make,° +And his unready weapons gan in hand to take. + + VIII + +But ere he could his armour on him dight, + Or get his shield, his monstrous enimy 65 + With sturdie steps came stalking in his sight, + An hideous Geant,° horrible and hye, + That with his tallnesse seemd to threat the skye, + The ground eke groned under him for dreed; + His living like saw never living eye, 70 + Ne durst behold: his stature did exceed +The hight of three the tallest sonnes of mortall seed. + + IX + +The greatest Earth his uncouth mother was, + And blustering Ęolus his boasted syre, + * * * * * + Brought forth this monstrous masse of earthly slime 75 +Puft up with emptie wind, and fild with sinfull crime. + + X + +So growen great through arrogant delight + Of th' high descent, whereof he was yborne, + And through presumption of his matchlesse might, + All other powres and knighthood he did scorne. 80 + Such now he marcheth to this man forlorne, + And left to losse: his stalking steps are stayde + Upon a snaggy Oke, which he had torne + Out of his mothers bowelles, and it made +His mortall mace, wherewith his foeman he dismayde. 85 + + XI + +That when the knight he spide, he gan advance + With huge force and insupportable mayne, + And towardes him with dreadfull fury praunce; + Who haplesse, and eke hopelesse, all in vaine + Did to him pace, sad battaile to darrayne, 90 + Disarmd, disgrast, and inwardly dismayde, + And eke so faint in every joynt and vaine, + Through that fraile fountaine, which him feeble made, +That scarsely could he weeld his bootlesse single blade. + + XII + +The Geaunt strooke so maynly mercilesse, 95 + That could have overthrowne a stony towre, + And were not heavenly grace, that did him blesse, + He had beene pouldred all, as thin as flowre: + But he was wary of that deadly stowre, + And lightly lept from underneath the blow: 100 + Yet so exceeding was the villeins powre, + That with the wind it did him overthrow, +And all his sences stound, that still he lay full low. + + XIII + +As when that divelish yron Engin° wrought + In deepest Hell, and framd by Furies skill, 105 + With windy Nitre and quick Sulphur fraught, + And ramd with bullet round, ordaind to kill, + Conceiveth fire, the heavens it doth fill + With thundring noyse, and all the ayre doth choke, + That none can breath, nor see, nor heare at will, 110 + Through smouldry cloud of duskish stincking smoke, +That th' onely breath° him daunts, who hath escapt the stroke. + + XIV + +So daunted when the Geaunt saw the knight, + His heavie hand he heaved up on hye, + And him to dust thought to have battred quight, 115 + Untill Duessa loud to him gan crye; + O great Orgoglio, greatest under skye, + O hold thy mortall hand for Ladies sake, + Hold for my sake, and do him not to dye,° + But vanquisht thine eternall bondslave make, 120 +And me, thy worthy meed, unto thy Leman take. + + XV + +He hearkned, and did stay from further harmes, + To gayne so goodly guerdon, as she spake: + So willingly she came into his armes, + Who her as willingly to grace did take, 125 + And was possessed of his new found make. + Then up he tooke the slombred sencelesse corse, + And ere he could out of his swowne awake, + Him to his castle brought with hastie forse, +And in a Dongeon deepe him threw without remorse. 130 + + XVI + +From that day forth Duessa was his deare, + And highly honourd in his haughtie eye, + He gave her gold and purple pall to weare, + And triple crowne set on her head full hye, + And her endowd with royall majestye: 135 + Then for to make her dreaded more of men, + And peoples harts with awfull terrour tye, + A monstrous beast° ybred in filthy fen +He chose, which he had kept long time in darksome den.° + + XVII + +Such one it was, as that renowmed Snake° 140 + Which great Alcides in Stremona slew, + Long fostred in the filth of Lerna lake, + Whose many heads out budding ever new + Did breed him endlesse labour to subdew: + But this same Monster much more ugly was; 145 + For seven great heads out of his body grew, + An yron brest, and back of scaly bras,° +And all embrewd in bloud, his eyes did shine as glas. + + XVIII + +His tayle was stretched out in wondrous length, + That to the house of heavenly gods it raught,° 150 + And with extorted powre, and borrow'd strength, + The ever-burning lamps from thence it braught, + And prowdly threw to ground, as things of naught; + And underneath his filthy feet did tread + The sacred things, and holy heasts foretaught.° 155 + Upon this dreadfull Beast with sevenfold head +He sett the false Duessa, for more aw and dread. + + XIX + +The wofull Dwarfe, which saw his maisters fall, + Whiles he had keeping of his grasing steed, + And valiant knight become a caytive thrall, 160 + When all was past, tooke up his forlorne weed,° + His mightie armour, missing most at need; + His silver shield, now idle maisterlesse; + His poynant speare, that many made to bleed, + The rueful moniments° of heavinesse, 165 +And with them all departes, to tell his great distresse. + + XX + +He had not travaild long, when on the way + He wofull Ladie, wofull Una met, + Fast flying from that Paynims greedy pray, + Whilest Satyrane him from pursuit did let: 170 + Who when her eyes she on the Dwarfe had set, + And saw the signes, that deadly tydings spake, + She fell to ground for sorrowfull regret, + And lively breath her sad brest did forsake, +Yet might her pitteous hart be seene to pant and quake. 175 + + XXI + +The messenger of so unhappie newes, + Would faine have dyde: dead was his hart within, + Yet outwardly some little comfort shewes: + At last recovering hart, he does begin + To rub her temples, and to chaufe her chin, 180 + And everie tender part does tosse and turne. + So hardly° he the flitted life does win, + Unto her native prison to retourne: +Then gins her grieved ghost thus to lament and mourne. + + XXII + +Ye dreary instruments of dolefull sight, 185 + That doe this deadly spectacle behold, + Why do ye lenger feed on loathed light, + Or liking find to gaze on earthly mould, + Sith cruell fates the carefull threeds unfould, + The which my life and love together tyde? 190 + Now let the stony dart of senselesse cold + Perce to my hart, and pas through every side, +And let eternall night so sad sight fro me hide. + + XXIII + +O lightsome day, the lampe of highest Jove, + First made by him, mens wandring wayes to guyde, 195 + When darkenesse he in deepest dongeon drove, + Henceforth thy hated face for ever hyde, + And shut up heavens windowes shyning wyde: + For earthly sight can nought but sorrow breed, + And late repentance, which shall long abyde. 200 + Mine eyes no more on vanitie shall feed, +But seeled up with death,° shall have their deadly meed. + + XXIV + +Then downe againe she fell unto the ground; + But he her quickly reared up againe: + Thrise did she sinke adowne in deadly swownd 205 + And thrise he her reviv'd with busie paine, + At last when life recover'd had the raine, + And over-wrestled his strong enemie, + With foltring tong, and trembling every vaine, + Tell on (quoth she) the wofull Tragedie, 210 +The which these reliques sad present unto mine eie. + + XXV + +Tempestuous fortune hath spent all her spight, + And thrilling sorrow throwne his utmost dart; + Thy sad tongue cannot tell more heavy plight, + Then that I feele, and harbour in mine hart: 215 + Who hath endur'd the whole, can beare each part. + If death it be, it is not the first wound, + That launched hath my brest with bleeding smart. + Begin, and end the bitter balefull stound;° +If lesse then that I feare,° more favour I have found. 220 + + XXVI + +Then gan the Dwarfe the whole discourse declare, + The subtill traines of Archimago old; + The wanton loves of false Fidessa faire, + Bought with the blood of vanquisht Paynim bold; + The wretched payre transformed to treen mould; 225 + The house of Pride, and perils round about; + The combat, which he with Sansjoy did hould; + The lucklesse conflict with the Gyant stout, +Wherein captiv'd, of life or death he stood in doubt. + + XXVII + +She heard with patience all unto the end, 230 + And strove to maister sorrowfull assay,° + Which greater grew, the more she did contend, + And almost rent her tender hart in tway; + And love fresh coles unto her fire did lay: + For greater love, the greater is the losse. 235 + Was never Lady° loved dearer day, + Then she did love the knight of the Redcrosse; +For whose deare sake so many troubles her did tosse. + + XXVIII + +At last when fervent sorrow slaked was, + She up arose, resolving him to find 240 + Alive or dead: and forward forth doth pas, + All as the Dwarfe the way to her assynd: + And evermore, in constant carefull mind, + She fed her wound with fresh renewed bale; + Long tost with stormes, and bet with bitter wind, 245 + High over hills, and low adowne the dale, +She wandred many a wood, and measurd many a vale. + + XXIX + +At last she chaunced by good hap to meet + A goodly knight,° faire marching by the way + Together with his Squire, arrayed meet: 250 + His glitterand armour shined farre away, + Like glauncing light of Phoebus brightest ray; + From top to toe no place appeared bare, + That deadly dint of steele endanger may: + Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware, 255 +That shynd, like twinkling stars, with stons most pretious rare. + + XXX + +And in the midst thereof one pretious stone + Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous mights, + Shapt like a Ladies head,° exceeding shone, + Like Hesperus° emongst the lesser lights, 260 + And strove for to amaze the weaker sights: + Thereby his mortall blade full comely hong + In yvory sheath, ycarv'd with curious slights; + Whose hilts were burnisht gold, and handle strong +Of mother pearle, and buckled with a golden tong. 265 + + XXXI + +His haughtie helmet, horrid all with gold, + Both glorious brightnesse, and great terrour bred; + For all the crest a Dragon° did enfold + With greedie pawes, and over all did spred + His golden wings: his dreadfull hideous hed 270 + Close couched on the bever, seem'd to throw + From flaming mouth bright sparkles fierie red, + That suddeine horror to faint harts did show, +And scaly tayle was stretcht adowne his backe full low. + + XXXII + +Upon the top of all his loftie crest, 275 + A bunch of haires discolourd diversly, + With sprincled pearle, and gold full richly drest, + Did shake, and seemd to daunce for jollity, + Like to an Almond tree ymounted hye + On top of greene Selinis° all alone, 280 + With blossoms brave bedecked daintily; + Whose tender locks do tremble every one +At every little breath that under heaven is blowne. + + XXXIII + +His warlike shield° all closely cover'd was, + Ne might of mortall eye be ever seene; 285 + Not made of steele, nor of enduring bras, + Such earthly mettals soone consumed beene; + But all of Diamond perfect pure and cleene + It framed was, one massie entire mould, + Hewen out of Adamant rocke with engines keene, 290 + That point of speare it never percen could, +Ne dint of direfull sword divide the substance would. + + XXXIV + +The same to wight he never wont disclose, + But when as monsters huge he would dismay, + Or daunt unequall armies of his foes, 295 + Or when the flying heavens he would affray; + For so exceeding shone his glistring ray, + That Phoebus golden face it did attaint, + As when a cloud his beames doth over-lay; + And silver Cynthia° wexed pale and faint, 300 +As when her face is staynd with magicke arts constraint. + + XXXV + +No magicke arts hereof had any might, + Nor bloudie wordes of bold Enchaunters call; + But all that was not such as seemd in sight,° + Before that shield did fade, and suddeine fall; 305 + And, when him list° the raskall routes appall, + Men into stones therewith he could transmew, + And stones to dust, and dust to nought at all; + And when him list the prouder lookes subdew, +He would them gazing blind, or turne to other hew. 310 + + XXXVI + +Ne let it seeme, that credence this exceedes, + For he that made the same, was knowne right well + To have done much more admirable deedes. + It Merlin° was, which whylome did excell + All living wightes in might of magicke spell: 315 + Both shield, and sword, and armour all he wrought + For this young Prince, when first to armes he fell; + But when he dyde, the Faerie Queene it brought +To Faerie lond, where yet it may be seene, if sought. + + XXXVII + +A gentle youth, his dearely loved Squire, 320 + His speare of heben wood behind him bare, + Whose harmefull head, thrice heated in the fire, + Had riven many a brest with pikehead square: + A goodly person, and could menage faire + His stubborne steed with curbed canon bit, 325 + Who under him did trample° as the aire, + And chauft, that any on his backe should sit; +The yron rowels into frothy fome he bit. + + XXXVIII + +When as this knight nigh to the Ladie drew, + With lovely court he gan her entertaine; 330 + But when he heard her answeres loth, he knew + Some secret sorrow did her heart distraine: + Which to allay, and calme her storming paine, + Faire feeling words he wisely gan display, + And for her humour° fitting purpose faine, 335 + To tempt the cause it selfe for to bewray; +Wherewith emmov'd, these bleeding words she gan to say. + + XXXIX + +What worlds delight, or joy of living speach + Can heart, so plung'd in sea of sorrowes deep, + And heaped with so huge misfortunes, reach? 340 + The carefull cold beginneth for to creepe, + And in my heart his yron arrow steepe, + Soone as I thinke upon my bitter bale: + Such helplesse harmes yts better hidden keepe, + Then rip up griefe, where it may not availe, 345 +My last left comfort is, my woes to weepe and waile. + + XL + +Ah Ladie deare, quoth then the gentle knight, + Well may I weene your griefe is wondrous great; + For wondrous great griefe groneth in my spright, + Whiles thus I heare you of your sorrowes treat. 350 + But wofull Ladie, let me you intrete + For to unfold the anguish of your hart: + Mishaps are maistred by advice discrete, + And counsell mittigates the greatest smart; +Found° never helpe who never would his hurts impart. 355 + + XLI + +O but (quoth she) great griefe will not be tould,° + And can more easily be thought then said. + Right so (quoth he), but he that never would, + Could never: will to might gives greatest aid. + But griefe (quoth she) does greater grow displaid, 360 + If then it find not helpe, and breedes despaire. + Despaire breedes not (quoth he) where faith is staid. + No faith° so fast (quoth she) but flesh does paire. +Flesh may empaire (quoth he) but reason can repaire. + + XLII + +His goodly reason, and well guided speach, 365 + So deepe did settle in her gracious thought, + That her perswaded to disclose the breach, + Which love and fortune in her heart had wrought, + And said; Faire Sir, I hope good hap hath brought + You to inquire the secrets of my griefe, 370 + Or that your wisedome will direct my thought, + Or that your prowesse can me yield reliefe: +Then heare the storie sad, which I shall tell you briefe. + + XLIII + +The forlorne Maiden, whom your eyes have seene + The laughing stocke of fortunes mockeries, 375 + Am th' only daughter° of a King and Queene, + Whose parents deare, whilest equal destinies° + Did runne about, and their felicities + The favourable heavens did not envy, + Did spread their rule through all the territories, 380 + Which Phison° and Euphrates floweth by, +And Gehons golden waves doe wash continually. + + XLIV + +Till that their cruell cursed enemy, + An huge great Dragon horrible in sight, + Bred in the loathly lakes of Tartary,° 385 + With murdrous ravine, and devouring might + Their kingdome spoild, and countrey wasted quight: + Themselves, for feare into his jawes to fall, + He forst to castle strong to take their flight, + Where fast embard in mighty brasen wall, 390 +He has them now foure yeres besiegd to make them thrall.° + + XLV + +Full many knights adventurous and stout + Have enterpriz'd that Monster to subdew; + From every coast that heaven walks about,° + Have thither come the noble Martiall crew, 395 + That famous hard atchievements still pursew; + Yet never any could that girlond win, + But all still shronke, and still he greater grew: + All they for want of faith, or guilt of sin, +The pitteous pray of his fierce crueltie have bin. 400 + + XLVI + +At last yledd with farre reported praise, + Which flying fame throughout the world had spred, + Of doughty knights, whom Faery land did raise, + That noble order° hight of Maidenhed, + Forthwith to court of Gloriane° I sped 405 + Of Gloriane great Queene of glory bright, + Whose Kingdomes seat Cleopolis° is red, + There to obtaine some such redoubted knight, +The Parents deare from tyrants powre deliver might. + + XLVII + +It was my chance (my chance was faire and good) 410 + There for to find a fresh unproved knight, + Whose manly hands imbrew'd in guiltie blood + Had never bene, ne ever by his might + Had throwne to ground the unregarded right: + Yet of his prowesse proofe he since hath made 415 + (I witnesse am) in many a cruell fight; + The groning ghosts of many one dismaide +Have felt the bitter dint of his avenging blade. + + XLVIII + +And ye the forlorne reliques of his powre, + His byting sword, and his devouring speare, 420 + Which have endured many a dreadfull stowre, + Can speake his prowesse, that did earst you beare, + And well could rule: now he hath left you heare + To be the record of his ruefull losse, + And of my dolefull disaventurous deare:° 425 + O heavie record of the good Redcrosse, +Where have you left your Lord, that could so well you tosse? + + XLIX + +Well hoped I, and faire beginnings had, + That he my captive languor° should redeeme, + Till all unweeting, an Enchaunter bad 430 + His sence abusd, and made him to misdeeme + My loyalty,° not such as it did seeme; + That rather death desire, then such despight. + Be judge ye heavens, that all things right esteeme, + How I him lov'd, and love with all my might, 435 +So thought I eke of him, and thinke I thought aright. + + L + +Thenceforth me desolate he quite forsooke, + To wander, where wilde fortune would me lead, + And other bywaies he himselfe betooke, + Where never foot of living wight did tread, 440 + That brought° not backe the balefull body dead; + In which him chaunced false Duessa meete, + Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread, + Who with her witchcraft, and misseeming sweete, +Inveigled him to follow her desires unmeete. 445 + + LI + +At last by subtill sleights she him betraid + Unto his foe, a Gyant huge and tall, + Who him disarmed, dissolute, dismaid, + Unwares surprised, and with mighty mall + The monster mercilesse him made to fall, 450 + Whose fall did never foe before behold; + And now in darkesome dungeon, wretched thrall, + Remedilesse, for aie he doth him hold; +This is my cause of griefe, more great then may be told. + + LII + +Ere she had ended all, she gan to faint: 455 + But he her comforted and faire bespake, + Certes, Madame, ye have great cause of plaint, + The stoutest heart, I weene, could cause to quake. + But be of cheare, and comfort to you take: + For till I have acquit your captive knight, 460 + Assure your selfe, I will you not forsake. + His chearefull wordes reviv'd her chearelesse spright, +So forth they went, the Dwarfe them guiding ever right. + + * * * * * + + CANTO VIII + + Faire virgin, to redeeme her deare + brings Arthur to the fight: + Who slayes that Gyant, woundes the beast, + and strips Duessa quight. + + I + +Ay me, how many perils doe enfold + The righteous man, to make him daily fall, + Were not that heavenly grace doth him uphold, + And stedfast truth acquite him out of all. + Her love is firme, her care continuall, 5 + So oft as he through his owne foolish pride, + Or weaknesse is to sinfull bands made thrall: + Else should this Redcrosse knight in bands have dydd +For whose deliverance she this Prince doth thither guide. + + II + +They sadly traveild thus, until they came 10 + Nigh to a castle builded strong and hie: + Then cryde the Dwarfe, Lo yonder is the same, + In which my Lord my liege doth lucklesse lie, + Thrall to that Gyants hateful tyrannie: + Therefore, deare Sir, your mightie powres assay. 15 + The noble knight alighted by and by + From loftie steede, and bad the Ladie stay, +To see what end of fight should him befall that day. + + III + +So with the Squire, th' admirer of his might, + He marched forth towards that castle wall; 20 + Whose gates he found fast shut, ne living wight + To ward the same, nor answere commers call. + Then tooke that Squire an horne° of bugle small. + Which hong adowne his side in twisted gold + And tassels gay. Wyde wonders over all 25 + Of that same hornes great vertues weren told, +Which had approved bene in uses manifold. + + IV + +Was never wight that heard that shrilling sownd, + But trembling feare did feel in every vaine; + Three miles it might be easie heard around, 30 + And Ecchoes three answerd it selfe againe: + No false enchauntment, nor deceiptfull traine, + Might once abide the terror of that blast, + But presently was voide and wholly vaine: + No gate so strong, no locke so firme and fast, 35 +But with that percing noise flew open quite, or brast. + + V + +The same before the Geants gate he blew, + That all the castle quaked from the ground, + And every dore of freewill open flew. + The Gyant selfe dismaied with that sownd, 40 + Where he with his Duessa dalliance fownd, + In hast came rushing forth from inner bowre, + With staring countenance sterne, as one astownd, + And staggering steps, to weet, what suddein stowre, +Had wrought that horror strange, and dar'd his dreaded powre. 45 + + VI + +And after him the proud Duessa came + High mounted on her many-headed beast; + And every head with fyrie tongue did flame, + And every head was crowned on his creast, + And bloody mouthed with late cruell feast.° 50 + That when the knight beheld, his mightie shild + Upon his manly arme he soone addrest, + And at him fiercely flew, with courage fild, +And eger greedinesse through every member thrild. + + VII + +Therewith the Gyant buckled him to fight, 55 + Inflam'd with scornefull wrath and high disdaine, + And lifting up his dreadfull club on hight, + All arm'd with ragged snubbes and knottie graine, + Him thought at first encounter to have slaine. + But wise and wary was that noble Pere, 60 + And lightly leaping from so monstrous maine, + Did faire avoide the violence him nere; +It booted nought to thinke such thunderbolts to beare. + + VIII + +Ne shame he thought to shunne so hideous might: + The idle stroke, enforcing furious way, 65 + Missing the marke of his misaymed sight + Did fall to ground, and with his heavie sway + So deepely dinted in the driven clay, + That three yardes deepe a furrow up did throw: + The sad earth wounded with so sore assay, 70 + Did grone full grievous underneath the blow, +And trembling with strange feare, did like an earthquake show. + + IX + +As when almightie Jove, in wrathfull mood,° + To wreake the guilt of mortall sins is bent, + Hurles forth his thundring dart with deadly food, 75 + Enrold in flames, and smouldring dreriment, + Through riven cloudes and molten firmament; + The fierce threeforked engin making way + Both loftie towres and highest trees hath rent, + And all that might his angry passage stay, 80 +And shooting in the earth, casts up a mount of clay. + + X + +His boystrous club, so buried in the ground, + He could not rearen up againe so light, + But that the knight him at avantage found, + And whiles he strove his combred clubbe to quight 85 + Out of the earth, with blade all burning bright + He smote off his left arme, which like a blocke + Did fall to ground, depriv'd of native might; + Large streames of bloud out of the truncked stocke +Forth gushed, like fresh water streame from riven rocke. 90 + + XI + +Dismayed with so desperate deadly wound, + And eke impatient of unwonted paine, + He lowdly brayd with beastly yelling sound, + That all the fields rebellowed againe; + As great a noyse, as when in Cymbrian plaine° 95 + An heard of Bulles, whom kindly rage° doth sting, + Do for the milkie mothers want complaine, + And fill the fields with troublous bellowing, +The neighbour woods around with hollow murmur ring. + + XII + +That when his deare Duessa heard, and saw 100 + The evil stownd, that daungerd her estate, + Unto his aide she hastily did draw + Her dreadfull beast, who swolne with blood of late + Came ramping forth with proud presumpteous gate, + And threatned all his heads like flaming brands.° 105 + But him the Squire made quickly to retrate, + Encountring fierce with single sword in hand, +And twixt him and his Lord did like a bulwarke stand. + + XIII + +The proud Duessa, full of wrathfull spight, + And fierce disdaine, to be affronted so, 110 + Enforst her purple beast with all her might + That stop out of the way to overthroe, + Scorning the let of so unequall foe: + But nathemore would that courageous swayne + To her yeeld passage, gainst his Lord to goe, 115 + But with outrageous strokes did him restraine, +And with his bodie bard the way atwixt them twaine. + + XIV + +Then tooke the angrie witch her golden cup,° + Which still she bore, replete with magick artes; + Death and despeyre did many thereof sup, 120 + And secret poyson through their inner parts, + Th' eternall bale of heavie wounded harts; + Which after charmes and some enchauntments said + She lightly sprinkled on his weaker parts; + Therewith his sturdie courage soone was quayd, 125 +And all his senses were with suddeine dread dismayd. + + XV + +So downe he fell before the cruell beast, + Who on his neck his bloody clawes did seize, + That life nigh crusht out of his panting brest: + No powre he had to stirre, nor will to rize. 130 + That when the carefull knight gan well avise, + He lightly left the foe, with whom he fought, + And to the beast gan turne his enterprise; + For wondrous anguish in his hart it wrought, +To see his loved Squire into such thraldome brought. 135 + + XVI + +And high advauncing his blood-thirstie blade, + Stroke one of those deformed heads so sore, + That of his puissance proud ensample made; + His monstrous scalpe downe to his teeth it tore, + And that misformed shape mis-shaped more: 140 + A sea of blood gusht from the gaping wound, + That her gay garments staynd with filthy gore, + And overflowed all the field around; +That over shoes in bloud he waded on the ground. + + XVII + +Thereat he roared for exceeding paine, 145 + That to have heard great horror would have bred, + And scourging th' emptie ayre with his long traine, + Through great impatience° of his grieved hed + His gorgeous ryder from her loftie sted + Would have cast downe, and trod in durtie myre, 150 + Had not the Gyant soone her succoured; + Who all enrag'd with smart and franticke yre, +Came hurtling in full fierce, and forst the knight retyre. + + XVIII + +The force which wont in two to be disperst, + In one alone left hand° he now unites, 155 + Which is through rage more strong than both were erst; + With which his hideous club aloft he dites, + And at his foe with furious rigour smites, + That strongest Oake might seeme to overthrow: + The stroke upon his shield so heavie lites, 160 + That to the ground it doubleth him full low: +What mortall wight could ever beare so monstrous blow? + + XIX + +And in his fall his shield,° that covered was, + Did loose his vele by chaunce, and open flew: + The light whereof, that heavens light did pas, 165 + Such blazing brightnesse through the aier threw, + That eye mote not the same endure to vew. + Which when the Gyaunt spyde with staring eye, + He downe let fall his arme, and soft withdrew + His weapon huge, that heaved was on hye 170 +For to have slaine the man, that on the ground did lye. + + XX + +And eke the fruitfull-headed beast, amazd + At flashing beames of that sunshiny shield, + Became starke blind, and all his sences daz'd, + That downe he tumbled on the durtie field, 175 + And seem'd himselfe as conquered to yield. + Whom when his maistresse proud perceiv'd to fall, + Whiles yet his feeble feet for faintnesse reeld, + Unto the Gyant loudly she gan call, +O helpe Orgoglio, helpe, or else we perish all. 180 + + XXI + +At her so pitteous cry was much amoov'd + Her champion stout, and for to ayde his frend, + Againe his wonted angry weapon proov'd: + But all in vaine: for he has read his end + In that bright shield, and all their forces spend 185 + Themselves in vaine: for since that glauncing sight, + He had no powre to hurt, nor to defend; + As where th' Almighties lightning brond does light, +It dimmes the dazed eyen, and daunts the senses quight. + + XXII + +Whom when the Prince, to battell new addrest, 190 + And threatning high his dreadfull stroke did see, + His sparkling blade about his head he blest, + And smote off quite his right leg by the knee, + That downe he tombled; as an aged tree, + High growing on the top of rocky clift, 195 + Whose hartstrings with keene steele nigh hewen be, + The mightie trunck halfe rent, with ragged rift +Doth roll adowne the rocks, and fall with fearefull drift. + + XXIII + +Or as a Castle reared high and round, + By subtile engins and malitious slight 200 + Is undermined from the lowest ground, + And her foundation forst, and feebled quight, + At last downe falles, and with her heaped hight + Her hastie ruine does more heavie make, + And yields it selfe unto the victours might; 205 + Such was this Gyants fall, that seemd to shake +The stedfast globe of earth, as it for feare did quake. + + XXIV + +The knight then lightly leaping to the pray, + With mortall steele him smot againe so sore, + That headlesse his unweldy bodie lay, 210 + All wallowd in his owne fowle bloudy gore, + Which flowed from his wounds in wondrous store. + But soone as breath out of his breast did pas, + That huge great body, which the Gyaunt bore, + Was vanisht quite, and of that monstrous mas 215 +Was nothing left, but like an emptie bladder was. + + XXV + +Whose grievous fall, when false Duessa spide, + Her golden cup she cast unto the ground, + And crowned mitre rudely threw aside; + Such percing griefe her stubborne hart did wound, 220 + That she could not endure that dolefull stound, + But leaving all behind her, fled away; + The light-foot Squire her quickly turnd around, + And by hard meanes enforcing her to stay, +So brought unto his Lord, as his deserved pray. 225 + + XXVI + +The royall Virgin which beheld from farre, + In pensive plight, and sad perplexitie, + The whole atchievement of this doubtfull warre, + Came running fast to greet his victorie, + With sober gladnesse, and myld modestie, 230 + And with sweet joyous cheare him thus bespake: + Faire braunch of noblesse, flowre of chevalrie, + That with your worth the world amazed make, +How shall I quite the paines ye suffer for my sake? + + XXVII + +And you fresh budd of vertue springing fast, 235 + Whom these sad eyes saw nigh unto deaths dore, + What hath poore Virgin for such perill past + Wherewith you to reward? Accept therefore + My simple selfe, and service evermore; + And he that high does sit, and all things see 240 + With equall eyes, their merites to restore, + Behold what ye this day have done for mee, +And what I cannot quite, requite with usuree. + + XXVIII + +But sith the heavens, and your faire handeling + Have made you master of the field this day, 245 + Your fortune maister° eke with governing, + And well begun end all so well, I pray. + Ne let that wicked woman scape away; + For she it is, that did my Lord bethrall, + My dearest Lord, and deepe in dongeon lay, 250 + Where he his better dayes hath wasted all. +O heare, how piteous he to you for ayd does call. + + XXIX + +Forthwith he gave in charge unto his Squire, + That scarlot whore to keepen carefully; + Whiles he himselfe with greedie great desire 255 + Into the Castle entred forcibly, + Where living creature none he did espye; + Then gan he lowdly through the house to call: + But no man car'd to answere to his crye. + There raignd a solemne silence over all, 260 +Nor voice was heard, nor wight was seene in bowre or hall. + + XXX + +At last with creeping crooked pace forth came + An old old man, with beard as white as snow, + That on a staffe his feeble steps did frame, + And guide his wearie gate both to and fro: 265 + For his eye sight him failed long ygo, + And on his arme a bounch of keyes he bore, + The which unused rust° did overgrow: + Those were the keyes of every inner dore, +But he could not them use, but kept them still in store. 270 + + XXXI + +But very uncouth sight was to behold, + How he did fashion his untoward pace, + For as he forward moov'd his footing old, + So backward still was turnd his wrincled face, + Unlike to men, who ever as they trace, 275 + Both feet and face one way are wont to lead. + This was the auncient keeper of that place, + And foster father of the Gyant dead; +His name Ignaro did his nature right aread. + + XXXII + +His reverend haires and holy gravitie 280 + The knight much honord, as beseemed well, + And gently askt, where all the people bee, + Which in that stately building wont to dwell. + Who answerd him full soft, he could not tell. + Again he askt, where that same knight was layd, 285 + Whom great Orgoglio with his puissance fell + Had made his caytive thrall, againe he sayde, +He could not tell: ne ever other answere made. + + XXXIII + +Then asked he, which way he in might pas: + He could not tell, againe he answered. 290 + Thereat the curteous knight displeased was, + And said, Old sire, it seemes thou hast not red + How ill it sits with that same silver hed, + In vaine to mocke, or mockt in vaine to bee: + But if thou be, as thou art pourtrahed 295 + With natures pen,° in ages grave degree, +Aread in graver wise, what I demaund of thee. + + XXXIV + +His answere likewise was, he could not tell. + Whose sencelesse speach, and doted ignorance + When as the noble Prince had marked well, 300 + He ghest his nature by his countenance, + And calmd his wrath with goodly temperance. + Then to him stepping, from his arme did reach + Those keyes, and made himselfe free enterance. + Each dore he opened without any breach; 305 +There was no barre to stop, nor foe him to empeach. + + XXXV + +There all within full rich arrayd he found, + With royall arras and resplendent gold. + And did with store of every thing abound, + That greatest Princes° presence might behold. 310 + But all the floore (too filthy to be told) + With bloud of guiltlesse babes, and innocents trew,° + Which there were slaine, as sheepe out of the fold, + Defiled was, that dreadfull was to vew, +And sacred ashes over it was strowed new.° 315 + + XXXVI + +And there beside of marble stone was built + An Altare,° carv'd with cunning ymagery, + On which true Christians bloud was often spilt, + And holy Martyrs often doen to dye, + With cruell malice and strong tyranny: 320 + Whose blessed sprites from underneath the stone + To God for vengeance cryde continually, + And with great griefe were often heard to grone, +That hardest heart would bleede, to hear their piteous mone. + + XXXVII + +Through every rowme he sought, and every bowr, 325 + But no where could he find that woful thrall: + At last he came unto an yron doore, + That fast was lockt, but key found not at all + Emongst that bounch, to open it withall; + But in the same a little grate was pight, 330 + Through which he sent his voyce, and lowd did call + With all his powre, to weet, if living wight +Were housed there within, whom he enlargen might. + + XXXVIII + +Therewith an hollow, dreary, murmuring voyce + These pitteous plaints and dolours did resound; 335 + O who is that, which brings me happy choyce + Of death, that here lye dying every stound, + Yet live perforce in balefull darkenesse bound? + For now three Moones have changed thrice their hew, + And have been thrice hid underneath the ground, 340 + Since I the heavens chearfull face did vew, +O welcome thou, that doest of death bring tydings trew. + + XXXIX + +Which when that Champion heard, with percing point + Of pitty deare his hart was thrilled sore, + And trembling horrour ran through every joynt 345 + For ruth of gentle knight so fowle forlore: + Which shaking off, he rent that yron dore, + With furious force, and indignation fell; + Where entred in, his foot could find no flore, + But all a deepe descent, as darke as hell, 350 +That breathed ever forth a filthie banefull smell. + + XL + +But neither darkenesse fowle, nor filthy bands, + Nor noyous smell his purpose could withhold, + (Entire affection hateth nicer hands) + But that with constant zeale, and courage bold, 355 + After long paines and labours manifold, + He found the meanes that Prisoner up to reare; + Whose feeble thighes, unhable to uphold + His pined corse, him scarse to light could beare. +A ruefull spectacle of death and ghastly drere. 360 + + XLI + +His sad dull eyes deepe sunck in hollow pits, + Could not endure th' unwonted sunne to view; + His bare thin cheekes for want of better bits, + And empty sides deceived of their dew, + Could make a stony hart his hap to rew; 365 + His rawbone armes, whose mighty brawned bowrs° + Were wont to rive steele plates, and helmets hew, + Were cleane consum'd, and all his vitall powres +Decayd, and all his flesh shronk up like withered flowres. + + XLII + +Whom when his Lady saw, to him she ran 370 + With hasty joy: to see him made her glad, + And sad to view his visage pale and wan, + Who earst in flowres of freshest youth was clad. + Tho when her well of teares she wasted had, + She said, Ah dearest Lord, what evill starre° 375 + On you hath fround, and pourd his influence bad, + That of your selfe ye thus berobbed arre, +And this misseeming hew your manly looks doth marre? + + XLIII + +But welcome now my Lord, in wele or woe, + Whose presence I have lackt too long a day; 380 + And fie on Fortune mine avowed foe,° + Whose wrathful wreakes them selves doe now alay. + And for these wrongs shall treble penaunce pay + Of treble good: good growes of evils priefe.° + The chearelesse man, whom sorrow did dismay, 385 + Had no delight to treaten of his griefe; +His long endured famine needed more reliefe. + + XLIV + +Faire Lady, then said that victorious knight, + The things, that grievous were to do, or beare, + Them to renew, I wote, breeds no delight; 390 + Best musicke breeds delight° in loathing eare: + But th' onely good, that growes of passed feare, + Is to be wise, and ware of like agein. + This dayes ensample hath this lesson deare + Deepe written in my heart with yron pen, 395 +That blisse may not abide in state of mortall men. + + XLV + +Henceforth sir knight, take to you wonted strength, + And maister these mishaps with patient might; + Loe where your foe lyes stretcht in monstrous length, + And loe that wicked woman in your sight, 400 + The roote of all your care, and wretched plight, + Now in your powre, to let her live, or dye. + To do her dye (quoth Una) were despight, + And shame t'avenge so weake an enimy; +But spoile her of her scarlot robe, and let her fly. 405 + + XLVI + +So as she bad, that witch they disaraid,° + And robd of royall robes, and purple pall, + And ornaments that richly were displaid; + Ne spared they to strip her naked all. + Then when they had despoiled her tire and call, 410 + Such as she was, their eyes might her behold, + That her misshaped parts did them appall, + A loathly, wrinckled hag, ill favoured, old, +Whose secret filth good manners biddeth not be told. + + * * * * * + + XLIX + +Which when the knights beheld, amazd they were, 415 + And wondred at so fowle deformed wight. + Such then (said Una) as she seemeth here, + Such is the face of falshood, such the sight + Of fowle Duessa, when her borrowed light + Is laid away, and counterfesaunce knowne. 420 + Thus when they had the witch disrobed quight, + And all her filthy feature open showne, +They let her goe at will, and wander wayes unknowne. + + L + +She flying fast from heavens hated face, + And from the world that her discovered wide, 425 + Fled to the wastfull wildernesse apace, + From living eyes her open shame to hide, + And lurkt in rocks and caves long unespide. + But that faire crew of knights, and Una faire + Did in that castle afterwards abide, 430 + To rest them selves, and weary powres repaire, +Where store they found of all that dainty was and rare. + + * * * * * + + CANTO IX + + His loves and lignage Arthur tells: + the Knights knit friendly hands: + Sir Trevisan flies from Despayre, + whom Redcrosse Knight withstands. + + I + +O goodly golden chaine,° wherewith yfere + The vertues linked are in lovely wize: + And noble mindes of yore allyed were, + In brave poursuit of chevalrous emprize, + That none did others safety despize, 5 + Nor aid envy to him, in need that stands, + But friendly each did others prayse devize, + How to advaunce with favourable hands, +As this good Prince redeemd the Redcrosse knight from bands. + + II + +Who when their powres empaird through labour long, 10 + With dew repast they had recured well, + And that weake captive wight now wexed strong, + Them list no lenger there at leasure dwell, + But forward fare, as their adventures fell, + But ere they parted, Una faire besought 15 + That straunger knight his name and nation tell; + Least so great good, as he for her had wrought, +Should die unknown, and buried be in thanklesse° thought. + + III + +Faire virgin (said the Prince) ye me require + A thing without the compas of my wit: 20 + For both the lignage and the certain Sire, + From which I sprong, from me are hidden yit. + For all so soone as life did me admit + Into this world, and shewed heavens light, + From mothers pap I taken was unfit: 25 + And streight deliver'd to a Faery knight,° +To be upbrought in gentle thewes and martiall might. + + IV + +Unto old Timon he me brought bylive, + Old Timon, who in youthly yeares hath beene + In warlike feates th'expertest man alive, 30 + And is the wisest now on earth I weene; + His dwelling is low in a valley greene, + Under the foot of Rauran mossy hore,° + From whence the river Dee° as silver cleene, + His tombling billowes roll with gentle rore: 35 +There all my dayes he traind me up in vertuous lore. + + V + +Thither the great magicien Merlin came, + As was his use, ofttimes to visit me: + For he had charge my discipline to frame,° + And Tutours nouriture to oversee. 40 + Him oft and oft I askt in privitie, + Of what loines and what lignage I did spring: + Whose aunswere bad me still assured bee, + That I was sonne and heire unto a king, +As time in her just terme° the truth to light should bring. 45 + + VI + +Well worthy impe, said then the Lady gent, + And pupill fit for such a Tutours hand. + But what adventure, or what high intent + Hath brought you hither into Faery land, + Aread Prince Arthur, crowne of Martiall band? 50 + Full hard it is (quoth he) to read aright + The course of heavenly cause, or understand + The secret meaning of th' eternall might, +That rules mens wayes, and rules the thoughts of living wight. + + VII + +For whether he through fatall deepe foresight 55 + Me hither sent, for cause to me unghest, + Or that fresh bleeding wound,° which day and night + Whilome doth rancle in my riven brest, + With forced fury° following his behest, + Me hither brought by wayes yet never found; 60 + You to have helpt I hold myself yet blest. + Ah curteous knight (quoth she) what secret wound +Could ever find,° to grieve the gentlest hart on ground? + + VIII + +Deare dame (quoth he) you sleeping sparkes awake,° + Which troubled once, into huge flames will grow, 65 + Ne ever will their fervent fury slake, + Till living moysture into smoke do flow, + And wasted life do lye in ashes low. + Yet sithens silence lesseneth not my fire, + But told° it flames, and hidden it does glow; 70 + I will revele what ye so much desire: +Ah Love, lay down thy bow, the whiles I may respire. + + IX + +It was in freshest flowre of youthly yeares, + When courage first does creepe in manly chest, + Then first the coale of kindly heat appeares 75 + To kindle love in every living brest; + But me had warnd old Timons wise behest, + Those creeping flames by reason to subdew, + Before their rage grew to so great unrest, + As miserable lovers use to rew, 80 +Which still wex old in woe, whiles woe still wexeth new. + + X + +That idle name of love, and lovers life, + As losse of time, and vertues enimy, + I ever scornd, and joyd to stirre up strife, + In middest of their mournfull Tragedy, 85 + Ay wont to laugh, when them I heard to cry, + And blow the fire, which them to ashes brent: + Their God himselfe, griev'd at my libertie, + Shot many a dart at me with fiers intent, +But I them warded all with wary government. 90 + + XI + +But all in vaine: no fort can be so strong, + Ne fleshly brest can armed be so sound, + But will at last be wonne with battrie long, + Or unawares at disadvantage found: + Nothing is sure, that growes on earthly ground: 95 + And who most trustes in arme of fleshly might, + And boasts in beauties chaine not to be bound, + Doth soonest fall in disaventrous fight, +And yeeldes his caytive neck to victours most despight. + + XII + +Ensample make° of him your haplesse joy, 100 + And of my selfe now mated, as ye see; + Whose prouder vaunt that proud avenging boy + Did soone pluck downe and curbd my libertie. + For on a day, prickt forth with jollitie + Of looser life, and heat of hardiment, 105 + Raunging the forest wide on courser free, + The fields, the floods, the heavens with one consent +Did seeme to laugh on me, and favour mine intent. + + XIII + +For-wearied with my sports, I did alight + From loftie steed, and downe to sleepe me layd; 110 + The verdant gras my couch did goodly dight, + And pillow was my helmet faire displayd: + Whiles every sence° the humour sweet embayd, + And slombring soft my hart did steale away, + Me seemed, by my side a royall Mayd 115 + Her daintie limbes full softly down did lay: +So faire a creature yet saw never sunny day. + + XIV + +Most goodly glee and lovely blandishment + She to me made, and bad me love her deare; + For dearely sure her love was to me bent, 120 + As when just time expired should appeare. + But whether dreames delude, or true it were, + Was never hart so ravisht with delight, + Ne living man like words did ever heare, + As she to me delivered all that night; 125 +And at her parting said, She Queene of Faeries hight. + + XV + +When I awoke, and found her place devoyd, + And nought but pressed gras, where she had lyen, + I sorrowed all so much as earst I joyd, + And washed all her place with watry eyen. 130 + From that day forth I lov'd that face divine; + From that day forth I cast in carefull mind + To seeke her out with labour, and long tyne, + And never vowd to rest till her I find, +Nine monethes I seeke in vain, yet ni'll that vow unbind. 135 + + XVI + +Thus as he spake, his visage wexed pale, + And chaunge of hew great passion did bewray; + Yet still he strove to cloke his inward bale, + And hide the smoke that did his fire display, + Till gentle Una thus to him gan say; 140 + O happy Queene of Faeries, that has found + Mongst many, one that with his prowesse may + Defend thine honour, and thy foes confound: +True Loves are often sown, but seldom grow on ground. + + XVII + +Thine, O then, said the gentle Recrosse knight, 145 + Next to that Ladies love,° shal be the place, + O fairest virgin, full of heavenly light, + Whose wondrous faith exceeding earthly race, + Was firmest fixt° in mine extremest case. + And you, my Lord, the Patrone of my life, 150 + Of that great Queene may well gaine worthy grace: + For onely worthy you through prowes priefe, +Yf living man mote worthie be, to be her liefe. + + XVIII + +So diversly discoursing of their loves, + The golden Sunne his glistring head gan shew, 155 + And sad remembraunce now the Prince amoves + With fresh desire his voyage to pursew; + Als Una earnd her traveill to renew. + Then those two knights, fast friendship for to bynd, + And love establish each to other trew, 160 + Gave goodly gifts, the signes of gratefull mynd, +And eke the pledges firme, right hands together joynd. + + XIX + +Prince Arthur gave a boxe of Diamond sure, + Embowd with gold and gorgeous ornament, + Wherein were closd few drops of liquor pure, 165 + Of wondrous worth, and vertue excellent, + That any wound could heale incontinent: + Which to requite, the Redcrosse knight him gave + A booke,° wherein his Saveours testament + Was writ with golden letters rich and brave; 170 +A worke of wondrous grace, and able soules to save. + + XX + +Thus beene they parted, Arthur on his way + To seeke his love, and th' other for to fight + With Unaes foe, that all her realme did pray. + But she now weighing the decayed plight, 175 + And shrunken synewes of her chosen knight, + Would not a while her forward course pursew, + Ne bring him forth in face of dreadfull fight, + Till he recovered had his former hew: +For him to be yet weake and wearie well she knew. 180 + + XXI + +So as they traveild, lo they gan espy + An armed knight° towards them gallop fast, + That seemed from some feared foe to fly, + Or other griesly thing, that him aghast. + Still as he fled, his eye was backward cast, 185 + As if his feare still followed him behind; + Als flew his steed, as he his bands had brast, + And with his winged heeles did tread the wind, +As he had beene a fole of Pegasus° his kind. + + XXII + +Nigh as he drew, they might perceive his head 190 + To be unarmd, and curld uncombed heares + Upstaring stiffe, dismayd with uncouth dread; + Nor drop of bloud in all his face appeares + Nor life in limbe: and to increase his feares + In fowle reproch of knighthoods faire degree, 195 + About his neck an hempen rope he weares, + That with his glistring armes does ill agree; +But he of rope or armes has now no memoree. + + XXIII + +The Redcrosse knight toward him crossed fast, + To weet, what mister wight was so dismayd: 200 + There him he finds all sencelesse and aghast, + That of him selfe he seemd to be afrayd; + Whom hardly he from flying forward stayd, + Till he these wordes to him deliver might; + Sir knight, aread who hath ye thus arayd, 205 + And eke from whom make ye this hasty flight: +For never knight I saw in such misseeming plight. + + XXIV + +He answerd nought at all, but adding new + Feare to his first amazment, staring wide + With stony eyes, and hartlesse hollow hew, 210 + Astonisht stood, as one that had aspide + Infernall furies, with their chaines untide. + Him yet againe, and yet againe bespake + The gentle knight; who nought to him replide, + But trembling every joint did inly quake, 215 +And foltring tongue at last these words seemd forth to shake. + + XXV + +For Gods deare love, Sir knight, do me not stay; + For loe he comes, he comes fast after mee. + Eft looking back would faine have runne away; + But he him forst to stay, and tellen free 220 + The secret cause of his perplexitie: + Yet nathemore by his bold hartie speach + Could his bloud-frosen hart emboldned bee, + But through his boldnesse rather feare did reach, +Yet forst, at last he made through silence suddein breach. 225 + + XXVI + +And am I now in safetie sure (quoth he) + From him, that would have forced me to dye? + And is the point of death now turnd fro mee, + That I may tell this haplesse history? + Feare nought: (quoth he) no daunger now is nye. 230 + Then shall I you recount a ruefull cace, + (Said he) the which with this unlucky eye + I late beheld, and had not greater grace° +Me reft from it, had bene partaker of the place. + + XXVII + +I lately chaunst (would I had never chaunst) 235 + With a faire knight to keepen companee, + Sir Terwin hight, that well himselfe advaunst + In all affaires, and was both bold and free, + But not so happy as mote happy bee: + He lov'd, as was his lot, a Ladie gent, 240 + That him againe lov'd in the least degree: + For she was proud, and of too high intent, +And joyd to see her lover languish and lament. + + XXVIII + +From whom returning sad and comfortlesse, + As on the way together we did fare, 245 + We met that villen (God from him me blesse) + That cursed wight, from whom I scapt whyleare, + A man of hell, that cals himselfe Despaire: + Who first us greets, and after faire areedes° + Of tydings strange, and of adventures rare: 250 + So creeping close, as Snake in hidden weedes, +Inquireth of our states, and of our knightly deedes. + + XXIX + +Which when he knew, and felt our feeble harts + Embost with bale, and bitter byting griefe, + Which love had launched with his deadly darts, 255 + With wounding words and termes of foule repriefe, + He pluckt from us all hope of due reliefe, + That earst us held in love of lingring life; + Then hopelesse hartlesse, gan the cunning thiefe + Perswade us die, to stint all further strife: 260 +To me he lent this rope, to him a rustie knife. + + XXX + +With which sad instrument of hasty death, + That wofull lover, loathing lenger light, + A wide way made to let forth living breath. + But I more fearfull, or more luckie wight, 265 + Dismayd with that deformed dismall sight, + Fled fast away, halfe dead with dying feare:° + Ne yet assur'd of life by you, Sir knight, + Whose like infirmitie° like chaunce may beare: +But God° you never let his charmed speeches heare. 270 + + XXXI + +How may a man (said he) with idle speach + Be wonne, to spoyle the Castle of his health?° + I wote° (quoth he) whom triall late did teach, + That like would not for all this worldes wealth: + His subtill tongue, like dropping honny, mealt'h° 275 + Into the hart, and searcheth every vaine; + That ere one be aware, by secret stealth + His powre is reft, and weaknesse doth remaine. +O never Sir desire to try his guilefull traine. + + XXXII + +Certes (said he) hence shall I never rest, 280 + Till I that treacherours art have heard and tride; + And you Sir knight, whose name mote I request, + Of grace do me unto his cabin guide. + I that hight Trevisan (quoth he) will ride, + Against my liking backe, to do you grace: 285 + But not for gold nor glee° will I abide + By you, when ye arrive in that same place +For lever had I die, then see his deadly face. + + XXXIII + +Ere long they come, where that same wicked wight + His dwelling has, low in an hollow cave, 290 + Farre underneath a craggie clift ypight, + Darke, dolefull, drearie, like a greedy grave, + That still for carrion carcases doth crave: + On top whereof aye dwelt the ghastly Owle,° + Shrieking his balefull note, which ever drave 295 + Far from that haunt all other chearefull fowle; +And all about it wandring ghostes did waile and howle. + + XXXIV + +And all about old stockes and stubs of trees, + Whereon nor fruit nor leafe was ever seene, + Did hang upon the ragged rocky knees; 300 + On which had many wretches hanged beene, + Whose carcases were scattered on the greene, + And throwne about the clifts. Arrived there, + That bare-head knight for dread and dolefull teene, + Would faine have fled, ne durst approchen neare, 305 +But th' other forst him stay, and comforted in feare. + + XXXV + +That darkesome cave they enter, where they find + That cursed man, low sitting on the ground, + Musing full sadly in his sullein mind; + His griesie lockes, long growen, and unbound, 310 + Disordred hong about his shoulders round, + And hid his face; through which his hollow eyne + Lookt deadly dull, and stared as astound; + His raw-bone cheekes, through penurie and pine, +Were shronke into his jawes, as° he did never dine. 315 + + XXXVI + +His garment nought but many ragged clouts, + With thornes together pind and patched was, + The which his naked sides he wrapt abouts; + And him beside there lay upon the gras + A drearie corse,° whose life away did pas, 320 + All wallowed in his owne yet luke-warme blood, + That from his wound yet welled fresh alas; + In which a rustie knife fast fixed stood, +And made an open passage for the gushing flood. + + XXXVII + +Which piteous spectacle, approving trew 325 + The wofull tale that Trevisan had told, + When as the gentle Redcrosse knight did vew, + With firie zeale he burnt in courage bold, + Him to avenge, before his bloud were cold, + And to the villein said, Thou damned wight, 330 + The author of this fact we here behold, + What justice can but judge against thee right,° +With thine owne bloud to price° his bloud, here shed in sight. + + XXXVIII + +What franticke fit (quoth he) hath thus distraught + Thee, foolish man, so rash a doome to give? 335 + What justice° ever other judgement taught, + But he should die, who merites not to live? + None else to death this man despayring drive, + But his owne guiltie mind deserving death. + Is then unjust° to each his due to give? 340 + Or let him die, that loatheth living breath? +Or let him die at ease, that liveth here uneath? + + XXXIX + +Who travels by the wearie wandring way,° + To come unto his wished home in haste, + And meetes a flood, that doth his passage stay, 345 + Is not great grace to helpe him over past, + Or free his feet that in the myre sticke fast? + Most envious man, that grieves at neighbours good, + And fond, that joyest in the woe thou hast, + Why wilt not let him passe, that long hath stood 350 +Upon the banke, yet wilt thy selfe not passe the flood? + + XL + +He there does now enjoy eternall rest + And happy ease, which thou dost want and crave, + And further from it daily wanderest: + What if some little paine the passage have, 355 + That makes fraile flesh to feare the bitter wave? + Is not short paine well borne, that brings long ease, + And layes the soule to sleepe in quiet grave? + Sleepe after toyle, port after stormie seas, +Ease after warre, death after life does greatly please. 360 + + XLI + +The knight much wondred at his suddeine wit,° + And said, The terme of life is limited, + Ne may a man prolong, nor shorten it; + The souldier may not move from watchfull sted, + Nor leave his stand, untill his Captaine bed. 365 + Who life did limit by almightie doome + (Quoth he)° knowes best the termes established; + And he, that points the Centonell his roome, +Doth license him depart at sound of morning droome. + + XLII + +Is not his deed, what ever thing is donne 370 + In heaven and earth? did not he all create + To die againe? all ends that was begonne. + Their times in his eternall booke of fate + Are written sure, and have their certaine date. + Who then can strive with strong necessitie, 375 + That holds the world in his still chaunging state, + Or shunne the death ordaynd by destinie? +When houre of death is come, let none aske whence, nor why. + + XLIII + +The lenger life, I wote the greater sin, + The greater sin, the greater punishment: 380 + All those great battels, which thou boasts to win, + Through strife, and blood-shed, and avengement, + Now praysd, hereafter deare thou shalt repent: + For life must life, and blood must blood repay. + Is not enough thy evill life forespent? 385 + For he that once hath missed the right way, +The further he doth goe, the further he doth stray. + + XLIV + +Then do no further goe, no further stray, + But here lie downe, and to thy rest betake, + Th' ill to prevent, that life ensewen may. 390 + For what hath life, that may it loved make, + And gives not rather cause it to forsake? + Feare, sicknesse, age, losse, labour, sorrow, strife, + Paine, hunger, cold, that makes the hart to quake; + And ever fickle fortune rageth rife, 395 +All which, and thousands mo do make a loathsome life. + + XLV + +Thou wretched man, of death hast greatest need, + If in true ballance thou wilt weigh thy state: + For never knight, that dared warlike deede, + More lucklesse disaventures did amate: 400 + Witnesse the dungeon deepe, wherein of late + Thy life shut up, for death so oft did call; + And though good lucke prolonged hath thy date,° + Yet death then would the like mishaps forestall, +Into the which hereafter thou maiest happen fall. 405 + + XLVI + +Why then doest thou, O man of sin, desire + To draw thy dayes forth to their last degree? + Is not the measure of thy sinfull hire° + High heaped up with huge iniquitie, + Against the day of wrath, to burden thee? 410 + Is not enough, that to this Ladie milde + Thou falsed hast thy faith with perjurie, + And sold thy selfe to serve Duessa vilde, +With whom in all abuse thou hast thy selfe defilde? + + XLVII + +Is not he just, that all this doth behold 415 + From highest heaven, and beares an equall eye? + Shall he thy sins up in his knowledge fold, + And guilty be of thine impietie? + Is not his law, Let every sinner die: + Die shall all flesh? what then must needs be donne, 420 + Is it not better to doe willinglie, + Then linger, till the glasse be all out ronne? +Death is the end of woes: die soone, O faeries sonne. + + XLVIII + +The knight was much enmoved with his speach, + That as a swords point through his hart did perse, 425 + And in his conscience made a secret breach, + Well knowing true all that he did reherse, + And to his fresh remembraunce did reverse + The ugly vew of his deformed crimes, + That all his manly powres it did disperse, 430 + As he were charmed° with inchaunted rimes, +That oftentimes he quakt, and fainted oftentimes. + + XLIX + +In which amazement, when the Miscreant + Perceived him to waver weake and fraile, + Whiles trembling horror did his conscience dant, 435 + And hellish anguish did his soule assaile, + To drive him to despaire, and quite to quaile, + He shew'd him painted in a table° plaine, + The damned ghosts, that doe in torments waile, + And thousand feends that doe them endlesse paine 440 +With fire and brimstone, which for ever shall remaine. + + L + +The sight whereof so throughly him dismaid, + That nought but death before his eyes he saw, + And ever burning wrath before him laid, + By righteous sentence of th' Almighties law. 445 + Then gan the villein him to overcraw, + And brought unto him swords, ropes, poison, fire, + And all that might him to perdition draw; + And bad him choose, what death he would desire: +For death was due to him, that had provokt Gods ire. 450 + + LI + +But when as none of them he saw him take, + He to him raught a dagger sharpe and keene, + And gave it him in hand: his hand did quake, + And tremble like a leafe of Aspin greene, + And troubled bloud through his pale face was seene 455 + To come, and goe with tidings from the heart, + As it a running messenger had beene. + At last resolv'd to worke his finall smart, +He lifted up his hand, that backe againe did start. + + LII + +Which whenas Una saw, through every vaine 460 + The crudled cold ran to her well of life, + As in a swowne: but soone reliv'd againe, + Out of his hand she snatcht the cursed knife, + And threw it to the ground, enraged rife, + And to him said, Fie, fie, faint harted knight, 465 + What meanest thou by this reprochfull strife? + Is this the battell, which thou vauntst to fight +With that fire-mouthed Dragon,° horrible and bright? + + LIII + +Come, come away, fraile, seely, fleshly wight, + Ne let vaine words bewitch thy manly hart, 470 + Ne divelish thoughts dismay thy constant spright. + In heavenly mercies hast thou not a part? + Why shouldst thou then despeire, that chosen art?° + Where justice growes, there grows eke greater grace, + The which doth quench the brond of hellish smart, 475 + And that accurst hand-writing° doth deface. +Arise, Sir knight, arise, and leave this cursed place. + + LIV + +So up he rose, and thence amounted streight. + Which when the carle beheld, and saw his guest + Would safe depart for all his subtill sleight, 480 + He chose an halter from among the rest, + And with it hung himselfe, unbid unblest. + But death he could not worke himselfe thereby; + For thousand times he so himselfe had drest,° + Yet nathelesse it could not doe him die, 485 +Till he should die his last, that is, eternally. + + * * * * * + + CANTO X + + Her faithfull knight faire Una brings + to house of Holinesse, + Where he is taught repentance, and + the way to heavenly blesse. + + I + +What man is he, that boasts of fleshly might + And vaine assurance of mortality, + Which all so soone as it doth come to fight + Against spirituall foes, yeelds by and by, + Or from the field most cowardly doth fly? 5 + Ne let the man ascribe it to his skill, + That thorough grace hath gained victory. + If any strength we have, it is to ill, +But all the good is Gods, both power and eke will. + + II + +But that, which lately hapned, Una saw, 10 + That this her knight was feeble, and too faint; + And all his sinews woxen weake and raw, + Through long enprisonment, and hard constraint, + Which he endured in his late restraint, + That yet he was unfit for bloudy fight: 15 + Therefore to cherish him with diets daint, + She cast to bring him, where he chearen might. +Till he recovered had his late decayed plight. + + III + +There was an auntient house° not farre away, + Renowmd throughout the world for sacred lore, 20 + And pure unspotted life: so well they say + It governd was, and guided evermore, + Through wisedome of a matrone grave and hore + Whose onely joy was to relieve the needes + Of wretched soules, and helpe the helpelesse pore: 25 + All night she spent in bidding of her bedes, +And all the day in doing good and godly deedes. + + IV + +Dame Coelia° men did her call, as thought + From heaven to come, or thither to arise, + The mother of three daughters, well upbrought 30 + In goodly thewes, and godly exercise: + The eldest two, most sober, chast, and wise, + Fidelia° and Speranza virgins were, + Though spousd, yet wanting wedlocks solemnize: + But faire Charissa° to a lovely fere 35 +Was lincked, and by him had many pledges dere. + + V + +Arrived there, the dore they find fast lockt; + For it was warely watched night and day, + For feare of many foes: but when they knockt, + The Porter opened unto them streight way: 40 + He was an aged syre, all hory gray, + With lookes full lowly cast, and gate full slow, + Wont on a staffe his feeble steps to stay, + Hight Humiltą.° They passe in stouping low; +For streight and narrow was the way which he did show. 45 + + VI + +Each goodly thing is hardest to begin, + But entred in a spacious court they see, + Both plaine, and pleasant to be walked in, + Where them does meete a francklin faire and free, + And entertaines with comely courteous glee, 50 + His name was Zele, that him right well became, + For in his speeches and behaviour hee + Did labour lively to expresse the same, +And gladly did them guide, till to the Hall they came. + + VII + +There fairely them receives a gentle Squire, 55 + Of milde demeanure, and rare courtesie, + Right cleanly clad in comely sad attire; + In word and deede that shew'd great modestie, + And knew his good° to all of each degree, + Hight Reverence. He them with speeches meet 60 + Does faire entreat; no courting nicetie, + But simple true, and eke unfained sweet, +As might become a Squire so great persons to greet. + + VIII + +And afterwards them to his Dame he leades, + That aged Dame, the Ladie of the place: 65 + Who all this while was busy at her beades: + Which doen, she up arose with seemely grace, + And toward them full matronely did pace. + Where when that fairest Una she beheld, + Whom well she knew to spring from heavenly race, 70 + Her hart with joy unwonted inly sweld, +As feeling wondrous comfort in her weaker eld. + + IX + +And her embracing said, O happie earth, + Whereon thy innocent feet doe ever tread, + Most vertuous virgin borne of heavenly berth, 75 + That, to redeeme thy woefull parents head, + From tyrans rage, and ever dying dread,° + Hast wandred through the world now long a day;° + Yet ceasest not thy weary soles to lead,° + What grace hath thee now hither brought this way? 80 +Or doen thy feeble feet unweeting hither stray? + + X + +Strange thing it is an errant knight to see + Here in this place, or any other wight, + That hither turnes his steps. So few there bee + That chose the narrow path, or seeke the right: 85 + All keepe the broad high way, and take delight + With many rather for to go astray, + And be partakers of their evill plight, + Then with a few to walke the rightest way; +O foolish men, why haste ye to your owne decay? 90 + + XI + +Thy selfe to see, and tyred limbes to rest, + O matrone sage (quoth she) I hither came; + And this good knight his way with me addrest, + Led with thy prayses and broad-blazed fame, + That up to heaven is blowne. The auncient Dame 95 + Him goodly greeted in her modest guise, + And entertaynd them both, as best became, + With all the court'sies that she could devise, +Ne wanted ought, to shew her bounteous or wise. + + XII + +Thus as they gan of sundry things devise, 100 + Loe two most goodly virgins came in place, + Ylinked arme in arme in lovely wise, + With countenance demure, and modest grace, + They numbred even steps and equall pace: + Of which the eldest, that Fidelia hight, 105 + Like sunny beames threw from her christall face, + That could have dazd the rash beholders sight, +And round about her head did shine like heavens light. + + XIII + +She was araied all in lilly white,° + And in her right hand bore a cup of gold, 110 + With wine and water fild up to the hight, + In which a Serpent did himselfe enfold, + That horrour made to all that did behold; + But she no whit did chaunge her constant mood: + And in her other hand she fast did hold 115 + A booke, that was both signd and seald with blood: +Wherin darke things were writ, hard to be understood. + + XIV + +Her younger sister, that Speranza hight, + Was clad in blew, that her beseemed well; + Not all so chearefull seemed she of sight, 120 + As was her sister; whether dread did dwell, + Or anguish in her hart, is hard to tell: + Upon her arme a silver anchor lay, + Whereon she leaned ever, as befell: + And ever up to heaven, as she did pray, 125 +Her stedfast eyes were bent, ne swarved other way. + + XV + +They seeing Una, towards her gan wend, + Who them encounters with like courtesie; + Many kind speeches they betwene them spend, + And greatly joy each other well to see: 130 + Then to the knight with shamefast modestie + They turne themselves, at Unaes meeke request, + And him salute with well beseeming glee; + Who faire them quites, as him beseemed best, +And goodly gan discourse of many a noble gest. 135 + + XVI + +Then Una thus; But she your sister deare, + The deare Charissa where is she become? + Or wants she health, or busie is elsewhere? + Ah no, said they, but forth she may not come: + For she of late is lightned of her wombe, 140 + And hath encreast the world with one sonne more, + That her to see should be but troublesome. + Indeed (quoth she) that should be trouble sore; +But thankt be God, and her encrease° so evermore. + + XVII + +Then said the aged Coelia, Deare dame, 145 + And you good Sir, I wote that of youre toyle, + And labours long, through which ye hither came, + Ye both forwearied be: therefore a whyle + I read you rest, and to your bowres recoyle. + Then called she a Groome, that forth him led 150 + Into a goodly lodge, and gan despoile + Of puissant armes, and laid in easie bed; +His name was meeke Obedience rightfully ared. + + XVIII + +Now when their wearie limbes with kindly rest, + And bodies were refresht with due repast, 155 + Faire Una gan Fidelia faire request, + To have her knight into her schoolehouse plaste, + That of her heavenly learning he might taste, + And heare the wisedom of her words divine. + She graunted, and that knight so much agraste, 160 + That she him taught celestiall discipline, +And opened his dull eyes, that light mote in them shine. + + XIX + +And that her sacred Booke, with blood ywrit, + That none could read, except she did them teach, + She unto him disclosed every whit, 165 + And heavenly documents thereout did preach, + That weaker wit of man could never reach, + Of God, of grace, of justice, of free will, + That wonder was to heare her goodly speach: + For she was able with her words to kill, 170 +And raise againe to life the hart that she did thrill. + + XX + +And when she list° poure out her larger spright, + She would commaund the hastie Sunne to stay, + Or backward turne his course from heavens hight; + Sometimes great hostes of men she could dismay; 175 + [Dry-shod to passe she parts the flouds in tway;°] + And eke huge mountaines from their native seat + She would commaund, themselves to beare away, + And throw in raging sea with roaring threat. +Almightie God her gave such powre, and puissaunce great. 180 + + XXI + +The faithfull knight now grew in litle space, + By hearing her, and by her sisters lore, + To such perfection of all heavenly grace, + That wretched world he gan for to abhore, + And mortall life gan loath, as thing forlore, 185 + Greevd with remembrance of his wicked wayes, + And prickt with anguish of his sinnes so sore, + That he desirde to end his wretched dayes: +So much the dart of sinfull guilt the soule dismayes. + + XXII + +But wise Speranza gave him comfort sweet, 190 + And taught him how to take assured hold + Upon her silver anchor, as was meet; + Else had his sinnes so great and manifold + Made him forget all that Fidelia told. + In this distressed doubtfull agonie, 195 + When him his dearest Una did behold, + Disdeining life, desiring leave to die, +She found her selfe assayld with great perplexitie. + + XXIII + +And came to Coelia to declare her smart, + Who well acquainted with that commune plight, 200 + Which sinfull horror workes in wounded hart, + Her wisely comforted all that she might, + With goodly counsell and advisement right; + And streightway sent with carefull diligence, + To fetch a Leach, the which had great insight 205 + In that disease of grieved conscience, +And well could cure the same; his name was Patience. + + XXIV + +Who comming to that soule-diseased knight, + Could hardly him intreat° to tell his griefe: + Which knowne, and all that noyd his heavie spright 210 + Well searcht, eftsoones he gan apply relief + Of salves and med'cines, which had passing priefe, + And thereto added words of wondrous might;° + By which to ease he him recured briefe, + And much aswag'd the passion of his plight,° 215 +That he his paine endur'd, as seeming now more light. + + XXV + +But yet the cause and root of all his ill, + Inward corruption and infected sin, + Not purg'd nor heald, behind remained still, + And festring sore did rankle yet within, 220 + Close creeping twixt the marrow and the skin. + Which to extirpe, he laid him privily + Downe in a darkesome lowly place farre in, + Whereas he meant his corrosives to apply, +And with streight diet tame his stubborne malady. 225 + + XXVI + +In ashes and sackcloth he did array + His daintie corse, proud humors to abate, + And dieted with fasting every day, + The swelling of his wounds to mitigate, + And made him pray both earely and eke late: 230 + And ever as superfluous flesh did rot + Amendment readie still at hand did wayt, + To pluck it out with pincers firie whot, +That soone in him was left no one corrupted jot. + + XXVII + +And bitter Penance with an yron whip, 235 + Was wont him once to disple every day: + And sharpe Remorse his hart did pricke and nip, + That drops of blood thence like a well did play: + And sad Repentance used to embay + His bodie in salt water smarting sore, 240 + The filthy blots of sinne to wash away. + So in short space they did to health restore +The man that would not live, but earst lay at deathes dore. + + XXVIII + +In which his torment often was so great, + That like a Lyon he would cry and rore, 245 + And rend his flesh, and his owne synewes eat. + His owne deare Una hearing evermore + His ruefull shriekes and gronings, often tore + Her guiltlesse garments, and her golden heare, + For pitty of his paine and anguish sore; 250 + Yet all with patience wisely she did beare; +For well she wist his crime could else be never cleare. + + XXIX + +Whom thus recover'd by wise Patience + And trew Repentaunce they to Una brought: + Who joyous of his cured conscience, 255 + Him dearely kist, and fairely eke besought + Himselfe to chearish, and consuming thought + To put away out of his carefull brest. + By this Charissa, late in child-bed brought, + Was woxen strong, and left her fruitfull nest; 260 +To her faire Una brought this unacquainted guest. + + XXX + +She was a woman in her freshest age,° + Of wondrous beauty, and of bountie rare, + With goodly grace and comely personage, + That was on earth not easie to compare; 265 + Full of great love, but Cupid's wanton snare + As hell she hated, chast in worke and will; + Her necke and breasts were ever open bare, + That ay thereof her babes might sucke their fill; +The rest was all in yellow robes arayed still. 270 + + XXXI + +A multitude of babes about her hong, + Playing their sports, that joyd her to behold, + Whom still she fed, whiles they were weake and young, + But thrust them forth still as they wexed old: + And on her head she wore a tyre of gold, 275 + Adornd with gemmes and owches wondrous faire, + Whose passing price° uneath was to be told: + And by her side there sate a gentle paire +Of turtle doves, she sitting in an yvorie chaire. + + XXXII + +The knight and Una entring faire her greet, 280 + And bid her joy of that her happie brood; + Who them requites with court'sies seeming meet, + And entertaines with friendly chearefull mood. + Then Una her besought, to be so good + As in her vertuous rules to schoole her knight, 285 + Now after all his torment well withstood, + In that sad house of Penaunce, where his spright +Had past the paines of hell, and long enduring night. + + XXXIII + +She was right joyous of her just request, + And taking by the hand that Faeries sonne, 290 + Gan him instruct in every good behest, + Of love, and righteousnesse, and well to donne,° + And wrath, and hatred warely to shonne, + That drew on men Gods hatred and his wrath, + And many soules in dolours had fordonne: 295 + In which when him she well instructed hath, +From thence to heaven she teacheth him the ready path. + + XXXIV + +Wherein his weaker wandring steps to guide, + An auncient matrone she to her does call, + Whose sober lookes her wisedome well descride: 300 + Her name was Mercie, well knowne over all, + To be both gratious, and eke liberall: + To whom the carefull charge of him she gave, + To lead aright, that he should never fall + In all his wayes through this wide worldes wave, 305 +That Mercy in the end his righteous soule might save. + + XXXV + +The godly Matrone by the hand him beares + Forth from her presence, by a narrow way, + Scattred with bushy thornes, and ragged breares, + Which still before him she remov'd away, 310 + That nothing might his ready passage stay: + And ever when his feet encombred were, + Or gan to shrinke, or from the right to stray, + She held him fast, and firmely did upbeare, +As carefull Nourse her child from falling oft does reare. 315 + + XXXVI + +Eftsoones unto an holy Hospitall, + That was fore by the way, she did him bring, + In which seven Bead-men° that had vowed all + Their life to service of high heavens king, + Did spend their dayes in doing godly thing: 320 + Their gates to all were open evermore, + That by the wearie way were traveiling, + And one sate wayting ever them before, +To call in commers by, that needy were and pore. + + XXXVII + +The first of them that eldest was, and best, 325 + Of all the house had charge and governement, + As Guardian and Steward of the rest: + His office was to give entertainement + And lodging, unto all that came, and went: + Not unto such, as could him feast againe, 330 + And double quite, for that he on them spent, + But such, as want of harbour did constraine: +Those for Gods sake his dewty was to entertaine. + + XXXVIII + +The second was as Almner of the place, + His office was, the hungry for to feed, 335 + And thristy give to drinke, a worke of grace: + He feard not once him selfe to be in need, + Ne car'd to hoord for those whom he did breede: + The grace of God he layd up still in store, + Which as a stocke he left unto his seede; 340 + He had enough, what need him care for more? +And had he lesse, yet some he would give to the pore. + + XXXIX + +The third had of their wardrobe custodie, + In which were not rich tyres, nor garments gay, + The plumes of pride, and wings of vanitie, 345 + But clothes meet to keepe keene could away, + And naked nature seemely to aray; + With which bare wretched wights he dayly clad, + The images of God in earthly clay; + And if that no spare cloths to give he had, 350 +His owne coate he would cut, and it distribute glad. + + XL + +The fourth appointed by his office was, + Poore prisoners to relieve with gratious ayd, + And captives to redeeme with price of bras,° + From Turkes° and Sarazins, which them had stayd, 355 + And though they faultie were, yet well he wayd, + That God to us forgiveth every howre + Much more then that why they in bands were layd, + And he that harrowd° hell with heavie stowre, +The faultie soules from thence brought to his heavenly bowre. 360 + + XLI + +The fift had charge sicke persons to attend, + And comfort those, in point of death which lay; + For them most needeth comfort in the end, + When sin, and hell, and death do most dismay + The feeble soule departing hence away. 365 + All is but lost, that living we bestow, + If not well ended at our dying day. + O man have mind of that last bitter throw +For as the tree does fall, so lyes it ever low. + + XLII + +The sixt had charge of them now being dead, 370 + In seemely sort their corses to engrave, + And deck with dainty flowres their bridall bed, + That to their heavenly spouse both sweet and brave + They might appeare, when he their soules shall save.° + The wondrous workmanship of Gods owne mould, 375 + Whose face he made all beasts to feare, and gave + All in his hand, even dead we honour should. +Ah dearest God me graunt, I dead be not defould.° + + XLIII + +The seventh, now after death and buriall done, + Had charge the tender orphans of the dead 380 + And widowes ayd,° least they should be undone: + In face of judgement° he their right would plead, + Ne ought the powre of mighty men did dread + In their defence, nor would for gold or fee + Be wonne their rightfull causes downe to tread: 385 + And, when they stood in most necessitee, +He did supply their want, and gave them ever free. + + XLIV + +There when the Elfin knight arrived was, + The first and chiefest of the seven, whose care + Was guests to welcome, towardes him did pas: 390 + Where seeing Mercie, that his steps upbare, + And alwayes led, to her with reverence rare + He humbly louted in meeke lowlinesse, + And seemely welcome for her did prepare: + For of their order she was Patronesse, 395 +Albe Charissa were their chiefest founderesse. + + XLV + +There she awhile him stayes, him selfe to rest, + That to the rest more able he might bee: + During which time, in every good behest + And godly worke of almes and charitee, 400 + She him instructed with great industree; + Shortly therein so perfect he became, + That from the first unto the last degree, + His mortall life he learned had to frame +In holy righteousnesse, without rebuke or blame. 405 + + XLVI + +Thence forward by that painfull way they pas, + Forth to an hill, that was both steepe and hy; + On top whereof a sacred chappell was, + And eke a little Hermitage thereby, + Wherein an aged holy man did lye, 410 + That day and night said his devotion, + Ne other worldly busines did apply; + His name was heavenly Contemplation; +Of God and goodnesse was his meditation. + + XLVII + +Great grace that old man to him given had; 415 + For God he often saw from heavens hight, + All were his earthly eyen both blunt and bad, + And through great age had lost their kindly sight, + Yet wondrous quick and persant was his spright, + As Eagles eye, that can behold the Sunne: 420 + That hill they scale with all their powre and might, + That his° fraile thighes nigh weary and fordonne +Gan faile, but by her° helpe the top at last he wonne. + + XLVIII + +There they do finde that godly aged Sire, + With snowy lockes adowne his shoulders shed, 425 + As hoarie frost with spangles doth attire + The mossy braunches of an Oke halfe ded. + Each bone might through his body well be red, + And every sinew seene through his long fast: + For nought he car'd° his carcas long unfed; 430 + His mind was full of spirituall repast, +And pyn'd his flesh, to keepe his body low and chast. + + XLIX + +Who when these two approaching he aspide, + At their first presence grew agrieved sore, + That forst him lay his heavenly thoughts aside; 435 + And had he not that Dame respected more, + Whom highly he did reverence and adore, + He would not once have moved for the knight. + They him saluted, standing far afore; + Who well them greeting, humbly did requight, 440 +And asked, to what end they clomb that tedious height. + + L + +What end (quoth she) should cause us take such paine, + But that same end which every living wight + Should make his marke, high heaven to attaine? + Is not from hence the way, that leadeth right 445 + To that most glorious house that glistreth bright + With burning starres and everliving fire, + Whereof the keyes are to thy hand behight + By wise Fidelia? She doth thee require, +To show it to his knight, according his desire. 450 + + LI + +Thrise happy man, said then the father grave, + Whose staggering steps thy steady hand doth lead, + And shewes the way, his sinfull soule to save. + Who better can the way to heaven aread, + Then thou thy selfe, that was both borne and bred 455 + In heavenly throne, where thousand Angels shine? + Thou doest the prayers of the righteous sead + Present before the majestie divine, +And his avenging wrath to clemencie incline. + + LII + +Yet since thou bidst, thy pleasure shal be donne. 460 + Then come thou man of earth, and see the way, + That never yet was seene of Faeries sonne, + That never leads the traveiler astray, + But after labors long, and sad delay, + Brings them to joyous rest and endlesse blis. 465 + But first thou must a season fast and pray, + Till from her bands the spright assoiled is, +And have her strength recur'd from fraile infirmitis. + + LIII + +That donne, he leads him to the highest Mount; + Such one as that same mighty man° of God, 470 + That blood-red billowes° like a walled front + On either side disparted with his rod, + Till that his army dry-foot through them yod, + Dwelt forty dayes upon; where writ in stone + With bloudy letters by the hand of God, 475 + The bitter doome of death and balefull mone +He did receive, whiles flashing fire about him shone. + + LIV + +Or like that sacred hill,° whose head full hie, + Adornd with fruitfull Olives all arownd, + Is, as it were for endlesse memory 480 + Of that deare Lord who oft thereon was fownd, + For ever with a flowring girlond crownd: + Or like that pleasaunt Mount,° that is for ay + Through famous Poets verse each where renownd, + On which the thrise three learned Ladies play 485 +Their heavenly notes, and make full many a lovely lay. + + LV + +From thence, far off he unto him did shew + A litle path, that was both steepe and long, + Which to a goodly Citie° led his vew; + Whose wals and towres were builded high and strong 490 + Of perle and precious stone, that earthly tong + Cannot describe, nor wit of man can tell; + Too high a ditty for my simple song; + The Citie of the great king hight it well, +Wherein eternall peace and happinesse doth dwell. 495 + + LVI + +As he thereon stood gazing, he might see + The blessed Angels to and fro descend + From highest heaven in gladsome companee, + And with great joy into that Citie wend, + As commonly as friend does with his frend. 500 + Whereat he wondred much, and gan enquere, + What stately building durst so high extend + Her loftie towres unto the starry sphere, +And what unknowen nation there empeopled were. + + LVII + +Faire knight (quoth he) Hierusalem that is, 505 + The new Hierusalem, that God has built + For those to dwell in, that are chosen his, + His chosen people purg'd from sinfull guilt + With pretious blood, which cruelly was spilt + On cursed tree, of that unspotted lam, 510 + That for the sinnes of al the world was kilt: + Now are they Saints all in that Citie sam, +More dear unto their God then younglings to their dam. + + LVIII + +Till now, said then the knight, I weened well, + That great Cleopolis,° where I have beene, 515 + In which that fairest Faerie Queene doth dwell, + The fairest citie was that might be seene; + And that bright towre all built of christall cleene, + Panthea,° seemd the brightest thing that was: + But now by proofe all otherwise I weene; 520 + For this great Citie that does far surpas, +And this bright Angels towre quite dims that towre of glas. + + LIX + +Most trew, then said the holy aged man; + Yet is Cleopolis, for earthly frame,° + The fairest peece that eye beholden can; 525 + And well beseemes all knights of noble name, + That covett in th' immortall booke of fame + To be eternized, that same to haunt, + And doen their service to that soveraigne dame, + That glorie does to them for guerdon graunt: 530 +For she is heavenly borne, and heaven may justly vaunt. + + LX + +And thou faire ymp, sprong out from English race, + How ever now accompted Elfins sonne, + Well worthy doest thy service for her grace, + To aide a virgin desolate fordonne. 535 + But when thou famous victory hast wonne, + And high emongst all knights hast hong thy shield, + Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shonne, + And wash thy hands from guilt of bloudy field: +For blood can nought but sin, and wars but sorrowes yield. 540 + + LXI + +Then seek this path, that I to thee presage, + Which after all to heaven shall thee send; + Then peaceably thy painefull pilgrimage + To yonder same Hierusalem do bend, + Where is for thee ordaind a blessed end: 545 + For thou emongst those Saints, whom thou doest see, + Shall be a Saint, and thine owne nations frend + And Patrone: thou Saint George shalt called bee, +Saint George° of mery England, the signe of victoree. + + LXII + +Unworthy wretch (quoth he) of so great grace,° 550 + How dare I thinke such glory to attaine? + These that have it attaind, were in like cace, + (Quoth he) as wretched, and liv'd in like paine. + But deeds of armes must I at last be faine + And Ladies love to leave so dearely bought? 555 + What need of armes, where peace doth ay remaine, + (Said he,) and battailes none are to be fought? +As for loose loves, they're vain, and vanish into nought. + + LXIII + +O let me not (quoth he) then turne againe + Backe to the world, whose joyes so fruitlesse are; 560 + But let me here for aye in peace remaine, + Or streight way on that last long voyage fare, + That nothing may my present hope empare. + That may not be, (said he) ne maist thou yit + Forgo that royall maides bequeathed care,° 565 + Who did her cause into thy hand commit, +Till from her cursed foe thou have her freely quit. + + LXIV + +Then shall I soone (quoth he) so God me grace, + Abet that virgins cause disconsolate, + And shortly backe returne unto this place, 570 + To walke this way in Pilgrims poore estate. + But now aread, old father, why of late + Didst thou behight me borne of English blood, + Whom all a Faeries sonne doen nominate? + That word shall I (said he) avouchen good, 575 +Sith to thee is unknowne the cradle of thy blood. + + LXV + +For well I wote thou springst from ancient race + Of Saxon kings, that have with mightie hand + And many bloody battailes° fought in place + High reard their royall throne in Britane land, 580 + And vanquisht them, unable to withstand: + From thence a Faerie thee unweeting reft, + There as thou slepst in tender swadling band, + And her base Elfin brood there for thee left. +Such men do Chaungelings° call, so chang'd by Faeries theft. 585 + + LXVI + +Thence she thee brought into this Faerie lond, + And in an heaped furrow did thee hyde, + Where thee a Ploughman all unweeting fond, + As he his toylesome teme that way did guyde, + And brought thee up in ploughmans state to byde 590 + Whereof Georgos° he gave thee to name; + Till prickt with courage, and thy forces pryde, + To Faerie court thou cam'st to seeke for fame, +And prove thy puissaunt armes, as seemes thee best became. + + LXVII + +O holy Sire (quoth he) how shall I quight 595 + The many favours I with thee have found, + That hast my name and nation red aright, + And taught the way that does to heaven bound? + This said, adowne he looked to the ground, + To have returnd, but dazed were his eyne 600 + Through passing brightnesse, which did quite confound + His feeble sence and too exceeding shyne. +So darke are earthly things compard to things divine. + + LXVIII + +At last whenas himselfe he gan to find, + To Una back he cast him to retire; 605 + Who him awaited still with pensive mind. + Great thankes and goodly meed to that good syre + He thence departing gave for his paines hyre. + So came to Una, who him joyd to see, + And after little rest, gan him desire 610 + Of her adventure mindfull for to bee. +So leave they take of Coelia, and her daughters three. + + * * * * * + + CANTO XI + + The knight with that old Dragon fights + two dayes incessantly; + The third him overthrowes, and gayns + most glorious victory. + + I + +High time now gan it wex for Una faire + To thinke of those her captive Parents deare, + And their forwasted kingdome to repaire: + Whereto whenas they now approched neare, + With hartie wordes her knight she gan to cheare, 5 + And in her modest manner thus bespake; + Deare knight, as deare as ever knight was deare, + That all these sorrowes suffer for my sake, +High heaven behold the tedious toyle ye for me take. + + II + +Now are we come unto my native soyle, 10 + And to the place where all our perils dwell; + Here haunts that feend, and does his dayly spoyle; + Therefore henceforth be at your keeping well,° + And ever ready for your foeman fell. + The sparke of noble courage now awake, 15 + And strive your excellent selfe to excell: + That shall ye evermore renowmed make, +Above all knights on earth that batteill undertake. + + III + +And pointing forth, Lo yonder is (said she)° + The brasen towre in which my parents deare 20 + For dread of that huge feend emprisond be, + Whom I from far, see on the walles appeare, + Whose sight my feeble soule doth greatly cheare: + And on the top of all I do espye + The watchman wayting tydings glad to heare, 25 + That O my parents might I happily +Unto you bring, to ease you of your misery. + + IV + +With that they heard a roaring hideous sound, + That all the ayre with terrour filled wide, + And seemd uneath° to shake the stedfast ground. 30 + Eftsoones that dreadful Dragon° they espide, + Where stretcht he lay upon the sunny side,° + Of a great hill, himselfe like a great hill. + But all so soone as he from far descride + Those glistring armes, that heaven with light did fill, 35 +He rousd himselfe full blith, and hastned them untill. + + V + +Then bad the knight his Lady yede aloofe, + And to an hill her selfe withdraw aside: + From whence she might behold that battailles proof, + And eke be safe from daunger far descryde: 40 + She him obayd, and turnd a little wyde. + Now O thou sacred muse,° most learned Dame, + Faire ympe of Phoebus and his aged bride, + The Nourse of time and everlasting fame, +That warlike hands ennoblest with immortall name; 45 + + VI + +O gently come into my feeble brest + Come gently, but not with that mighty rage, + Wherewith the martiall troupes thou doest infest, + And harts of great Heroės doest enrage, + That nought their kindled courage may aswage, 50 + Soone as thy dreadfull trompe begins to sownd, + The God of warre with his fiers equipage + Thou doest awake, sleepe never he so sownd, +All scared nations doest with horrour sterne astownd. + + VII + +Faire Goddesse, lay that furious fit aside, 55 + Till I of warres° and bloody Mars do sing, + And Briton fields with Sarazin bloud bedyde, + Twixt that great Faery Queene, and Paynim king, + That with their horrour heaven and earth did ring; + A worke of labour long and endlesse prayse: 60 + But now a while let downe that haughtie string° + And to my tunes thy second tenor rayse, +That I this man of God his godly armes may blaze. + + VIII + +By this the dreadfull Beast drew nigh to hand, + Halfe flying, and halfe footing in his haste, 65 + That with his largenesse measured much land, + And made wide shadow under his huge wast, + As mountaine doth the valley overcast. + Approching nigh, he reared high afore + His body monstrous, horrible, and vaste, 70 + Which to increase his wondrous greatnesse more, +Was swoln with wrath, and poyson, and with bloudy gore. + + IX + +And over, all with brasen scales was armd, + Like plated coate of steele, so couched neare, + That nought mote perce, ne might his corse be harmd 75 + With dint of sword, nor push of pointed speare; + Which, as an Eagle, seeing pray appeare, + His aery plumes doth rouze, full rudely dight; + So shaked he, that horrour was to heare, + For as the clashing of an Armour bright, 80 +Such noyse his rouzed scales did send unto the knight. + + X + +His flaggy wings when forth he did display, + Were like two sayles, in which the hollow wynd + Is gathered full, and worketh speedy way: + And eke the pennes, that did his pineons bynd, 85 + Were like mayne-yards, with flying canvas lynd; + With which whenas him list the ayre to beat, + And there by force unwonted passage find, + The cloudes before him fled for terrour great, +And all the heavens stood still amazed with his threat. 90 + + XI + +His huge long tayle wound up in hundred foldes, + Does overspred his long bras-scaly backe, + Whose wreathed boughts when ever he unfoldes, + And thicke entangled knots adown does slacke, + Bespotted as with shields of red and blacke, 95 + It sweepeth all the land behind him farre, + And of three furlongs does but litle lacke; + And at the point two stings in-fixed arre, +Both deadly sharpe, that sharpest steele exceeden farre. + + XII + +But stings and sharpest steele did far exceed 100 + The sharpnesse of his cruell rending clawes; + Dead was it sure, as sure as death in deed, + What ever thing does touch his ravenous pawes, + Or what within his reach he ever drawes. + But his most hideous head my toung to tell 105 + Does tremble: for his deepe devouring jawes + Wide gaped, like the griesly mouth of hell, +Through which into his darke abisse all ravin fell. + + XIII + +And that more wondrous was, in either jaw + Three ranckes of yron teeth enraunged were, 110 + In which yet trickling blood, and gobbets raw + Of late devoured bodies did appeare, + That sight thereof bred cold congealed feare: + Which to increase, and as atonce to kill, + A cloud of smoothering smoke and sulphure seare, 115 + Out of his stinking gorge forth steemed still, +That all the ayre about with smoke and stench did fill. + + XIV + +His blazing eyes, like two bright shining shields, + Did burne with wrath, and sparkled living fyre: + As two broad Beacons,° set in open fields, 120 + Send forth their flames far off to every shyre, + And warning give, that enemies conspyre + With fire and sword the region to invade; + So flam'd his eyne with rage and rancorous yre: + But farre within, as in a hollow glade, 125 +Those glaring lampes were set, that made a dreadfull shade. + + XV + +So dreadfully he towards him did pas, + Forelifting up aloft his speckled brest, + And often bounding on the brused gras, + As for great joyance of his newcome guest. 130 + Eftsoones he gan advance his haughtie crest, + As chauffed Bore his bristles doth upreare, + And shoke his scales to battell ready drest; + That made the Redcrosse knight nigh quake for feare, +As bidding bold defiance to his foeman neare. 135 + + XVI + +The knight gan fairely couch his steadie speare, + And fiercely ran at him with rigorous might: + The pointed steele arriving rudely theare, + His harder hide would neither perce, nor bight, + But glauncing by forth passed forward right; 140 + Yet sore amoved with so puissaunt push, + The wrathfull beast about him turned light, + And him so rudely passing by, did brush +With his long tayle, that horse and man to ground did rush. + + XVII + +Both horse and man up lightly rose againe, 145 + And fresh encounter towards him addrest: + But th'idle stroke yet backe recoyld in vaine, + And found no place his deadly point to rest. + Exceeding rage enflam'd the furious beast, + To be avenged of so great despight; 150 + For never felt his imperceable brest + So wondrous force, from hand of living wight; +Yet had he prov'd the powre of many a puissant knight. + + XVIII + +Then with his waving wings displayed wyde, + Himselfe up high he lifted from the ground, 155 + And with strong flight did forcibly divide + The yielding aire, which nigh too feeble found + Her flitting parts,° and element unsound, + To beare so great a weight: he cutting way + With his broad sayles, about him soared round: 160 + At last low stouping° with unweldie sway, +Snatcht up both horse and man, to beare them quite away. + + XIX + +Long he them bore above the subject plaine, + So far as Ewghen bow a shaft may send, + Till struggling strong did him at last constraine 165 + To let them downe before his flightes end: + As hagard hauke,° presuming to contend + With hardie fowle, above his hable might,° + His wearie pounces all in vaine doth spend + To trusse the pray too heavy for his flight; 170 +Which comming downe to ground, does free it selfe by fight. + + XX + +He so disseized° of his gryping grosse, + The knight his thrillant speare again assayd + In his bras-plated body to embosse, + And three mens strength unto the stroke he layd; 175 + Wherewith the stiffe beame quaked, as affrayd, + And glauncing from his scaly necke, did glyde + Close under his left wing, then broad displayd: + The percing steele there wrought a wound full wyde, +That with the uncouth smart the Monster lowdly cryde. 180 + + XXI + +He cryde, as raging seas are wont to rore, + When wintry storme his wrathfull wreck does threat + The roaring billowes beat the ragged shore, + As they the earth would shoulder from her seat, + And greedy gulfe does gape,° as he would eat 185 + His neighbour element in his revenge: + Then gin the blustring brethren° boldly threat + To move the world from off his steadfast henge, +And boystrous battell make, each other to avenge. + + XXII + +The steely head stucke fast still in his flesh, 190 + Till with his cruell clawes he snatcht the wood, + And quite a sunder broke. Forth flowed fresh + A gushing river of blacke goarie blood, + That drowned all the land, whereon he stood; + The streame thereof would drive a water-mill: 195 + Trebly augmented was his furious mood + With bitter sence of his deepe rooted ill, +That flames of fire he threw forth from his large nosethrill. + + XXIII + +His hideous tayle then hurled he about, + And therewith all enwrapt the nimble thyes 200 + Of his froth-fomy steed, whose courage stout + Striving to loose the knot that fast him tyes, + Himselfe in streighter bandes too rash implyes, + That to the ground he is perforce constraynd + To throw his rider: who can quickly ryse 205 + From off the earth, with durty blood distaynd, +For that reprochfull fall right fowly he disdaynd. + + XXIV + +And fiercely tooke his trenchand blade in hand, + With which he stroke so furious and so fell, + That nothing seemd the puissaunce could withstand: 210 + Upon his crest the hardned yron fell, + But his more hardned crest was armd so well, + That deeper dint therein it would not make; + Yet so extremely did the buffe him quell, + That from thenceforth he shund the like to take, 215 +But when he saw them come, he did them still forsake. + + XXV + +The knight was wroth to see his stroke beguyld, + And smote againe with more outrageous might; + But backe againe the sparckling steele recoyld, + And left not any marke, where it did light, 220 + As if in Adamant rocke it had bene pight. + The beast impatient of his smarting wound, + And of so fierce and forcible despight, + Thought with his wings to stye above the ground; +But his late wounded wing unserviceable found. 225 + + XXVI + +Then full of griefe and anguish vehement, + He lowdly brayd, that like was never heard, + And from his wide devouring oven° sent + A flake of fire, that, flashing in his beard, + Him all amazd, and almost made affeard: 230 + The scorching flame sore swinged all his face, + And through his armour all his body seard, + That he could not endure so cruell cace, +But thought his armes to leave, and helmet to unlace. + + XXVII + +Not that great Champion° of the antique world, 235 + Whom famous Poetes verse so much doth vaunt, + And hath for twelve huge labours high extold, + So many furies and sharpe fits did haunt, + When him the poysond garment did enchaunt, + With Centaures bloud and bloudie verses charm'd; 240 + As did this knight twelve thousand dolours daunt, + Whom fyrie steele now burnt, that earst him arm'd, +That erst him goodly arm'd, now most of all him harm'd. + + XXVIII + +Faint, wearie, sore, emboyled, grieved, brent° + With heat, toyle, wounds, armes, smart, and inward fire, 245 + That never man such mischiefes did torment; + Death better were, death did he oft desire, + But death will never come, when needes require. + Whom so dismayd when that his foe beheld, + He cast to suffer him no more respire, 250 + But gan his sturdy sterne about to weld, +And him so strongly stroke, that to the ground him feld. + + XXIX + +It fortuned, (as faire it then befell,) + Behind his backe unweeting, where he stood, + Of auncient time there was a springing well, 255 + From which fast trickled forth a silver flood, + Full of great vertues, and for med'cine good. + Whylome, before that cursed Dragon got + That happy land, and all with innocent blood + Defyld those sacred waves, it rightly hot 260 +_The well of life_,° ne yet his vertues had forgot. + + XXX + +For unto life the dead it could restore, + And guilt of sinfull crimes cleane wash away, + Those that with sicknesse were infected sore + It could recure, and aged long decay 265 + Renew, as one were borne that very day. + Both Silo° this, and Jordan did excell, + And th' English Bath,° and eke the German Spau; + Ne can Cephise,° nor Hebrus match this well: +Into the same the knight back overthrowen, fell. 270 + + XXXI + +Now gan the golden Phoebus for to steepe + His fierie face in billowes of the west, + And his faint steedes watred in Ocean deepe, + Whiles from their journall labours they did rest, + When that infernall Monster, having kest 275 + His wearie foe into that living well, + Can high advance his broad discoloured brest + Above his wonted pitch, with countenance fell, +And clapt his yron wings, as victor he did dwell. + + XXXII + +Which when his pensive Ladie saw from farre, 280 + Great woe and sorrow did her soule assay, + As weening that the sad end of the warre, + And gan to highest God entirely pray, + That feared chance from her to turne away; + With folded hands and knees full lowly bent, 285 + All night she watcht, ne once adowne would lay + Her daintie limbs in her sad dreriment, +But praying still did wake, and waking did lament. + + XXXIII + +The morrow next gan early to appeare, + That Titan rose to runne his daily race; 290 + But early ere the morrow next gan reare + Out of the sea faire Titans deawy face, + Up rose the gentle virgin from her place, + And looked all about, if she might spy + Her loved knight to move° his manly pace: 295 + For she had great doubt of his safety, +Since late she saw him fall before his enemy. + + XXXIV + +At last she saw, where he upstarted brave + Out of the well, wherein he drenched lay: + As Eagle° fresh out of the Ocean wave, 300 + Where he hath left his plumes all hoary gray, + And deckt himselfe with feathers youthly gay, + Like Eyas hauke up mounts unto the skies, + His newly budded pineons to assay, + And marveiles at himselfe, still as he flies: 305 +So new this new-borne knight to battell new did rise. + + XXXV + +Whom when the damned feend so fresh did spy, + No wonder if he wondred at the sight, + And doubted, whether his late enemy + It were, or other new supplied knight. 310 + He, now to prove his late renewed might, + High brandishing his bright deaw-burning blade,° + Upon his crested scalpe so sore did smite, + That to the scull a yawning wound it made; +The deadly dint his dulled senses all dismaid. 315 + + XXXVI + +I wote not, whether the revenging steele + Were hardned with that holy water dew, + Wherein he fell, or sharper edge did feele, + Or his baptized hands now greater grew; + Or other secret vertue did ensew; 320 + Else never could the force of fleshly arme, + Ne molten mettall in his blood embrew°; + For till that stownd could never wight him harme, +By subtilty, nor slight, nor might, nor mighty charme. + + XXXVII + +The cruell wound enraged him so sore, 325 + That loud he yelded for exceeding paine; + As hundred ramping Lyons seem'd to rore, + Whom ravenous hunger did thereto constraine: + Then gan he tosse aloft his stretched traine, + And therewith scourge the buxome aire so sore, 330 + That to his force to yeelden it was faine; + Ne ought his sturdy strokes might stand afore, +That high trees overthrew, and rocks in peeces tore. + + XXXVIII + +The same advauncing high above his head, + With sharpe intended sting° so rude him smot, 335 + That to the earth him drove, as stricken dead, + Ne living wight would have him life behot: + The mortall sting his angry needle shot + Quite through his shield, and in his shoulder seasd, + Where fast it stucke, ne would there out be got: 340 + The griefe thereof him wondrous sore diseasd, +Ne might his ranckling paine with patience be appeasd. + + XXXIX + +But yet more mindfull of his honour deare, + Then of the grievous smart, which him did wring, + From loathed soile he can him lightly reare, 345 + And strove to loose the far infixed sting: + Which when in vaine he tryde with struggeling, + Inflam'd with wrath, his raging blade he heft, + And strooke so strongly, that the knotty string + Of his huge taile he quite a sunder cleft, 350 +Five joints thereof he hewd, and but the stump him left. + + XL + +Hart cannot thinke, what outrage, and what cryes, + With foule enfouldred smoake and flashing fire, + The hell-bred beast threw forth unto the skyes, + That all was covered with darkenesse dire: 355 + Then fraught with rancour, and engorged ire, + He cast at once him to avenge for all, + And gathering up himselfe out of the mire, + With his uneven wings did fiercely fall, +Upon his sunne-bright shield, and gript it fast withall. 360 + + XLI + +Much was the man encombred with his hold, + In feare to lose his weapon in his paw, + Ne wist yet, how his talaunts to unfold; + For harder was from Cerberus greedy jaw + To plucke a bone, then from his cruell claw 365 + To reave by strength the griped gage° away: + Thrise he assayd it from his foot to draw, + And thrise in vaine to draw it did assay, +It booted nought to thinke to robbe him of his pray. + + XLII + +Tho when he saw no power might prevaile, 370 + His trustie sword he cald to his last aid, + Wherewith he fiercely did his foe assaile, + And double blowes about him stoutly laid, + That glauncing fire out of the yron plaid; + As sparckles from the Andvile use to fly, 375 + When heavy hammers on the wedge are swaid; + Therewith at last he forst him to unty +One of his grasping feete, him to defend thereby. + + XLIII + +The other foot, fast fixed on his shield, + Whenas no strength, nor stroks mote him constraine 380 + To loose, ne yet the warlike pledge to yield, + He smot thereat with all his might and maine, + That nought so wondrous puissaunce might sustaine; + Upon the joint the lucky steele did light, + And made such way, that hewd it quite in twaine; 385 + The paw yett missed not his minisht might,° +But hong still on the shield, as it at first was pight. + + XLIV + +For griefe thereof and divelish despight,° + From his infernall fournace forth he threw + Huge flames, that dimmed all the heavens light, 390 + Enrold in duskish smoke and brimstone blew: + As burning Aetna from his boyling stew + Doth belch out flames, and rockes in peeces broke, + And ragged ribs of mountains molten new, + Enwrapt in coleblacke clouds and filthy smoke, 395 +That all the land with stench, and heaven with horror choke. + + XLV + +The heate whereof, and harmefull pestilence + So sore him noyd, that forst him to retire + A little backward for his best defence, + To save his body from the scorching fire, 400 + Which he from hellish entrailes did expire. + It chaunst (eternall God that chaunce did guide,) + As he recoiled backward, in the mire + His nigh forwearied feeble feet did slide, +And downe he fell, with dread of shame sore terrifide. 405 + + XLVI + +There grew a goodly tree° him faire beside, + Loaden with fruit and apples rosie red, + As they in pure vermilion had beene dide, + Whereof great vertues over all were red°: + For happy life to all which thereon fed, 410 + And life eke everlasting did befall: + Great God it planted in that blessed sted + With his Almighty hand, and did it call +The tree of life, the crime of our first fathers fall.° + + XLVII + +In all the world like was not to be found, 415 + Save in that soile, where all good things did grow, + And freely sprong out of the fruitfull ground, + As incorrupted Nature did them sow, + Till that dread Dragon all did overthrow. + Another like faire tree eke grew thereby, 420 + Whereof whoso did eat, eftsoones did know + Both good and ill: O mornefull memory: +That tree through one mans fault hath doen us all to dy. + + XLVIII + +From that first tree forth flowd, as from a well, + A trickling streame of Balme, most soveraine 425 + And dainty deare, which on the ground, still fell, + And overflowed all the fertile plaine, + As it had deawed bene with timely raine: + Life and long health that gratious ointment gave, + And deadly wounds could heale and reare againe 430 + The senselesse corse appointed for the grave. +Into that same he fell: which did from death him save. + + XLIX + +For nigh thereto the ever damned beast + Durst not approch, for he was deadly made,° + And all that life preserved did detest: 435 + Yet he is oft adventur'd to invade. + By this the drouping day-light gan to fade, + And yield his roome to sad succeeding night, + Who with her sable mantle gan to shade + The face of earth, and wayes of living wight, 440 +And high her burning torch set up in heaven bright. + + L + +When gentle Una saw the second fall + Of her deare knight, who wearie of long fight, + And faint through losse of blood, mov'd not at all, + But lay, as in a dreame of deepe delight, 445 + Besmeard with pretious Balme, whose vertuous might + Did heale his wounds, and scorching heat alay, + Againe she stricken was with sore affright, + And for his safetie gan devoutly pray, +And watch the noyous night, and wait for joyous day. 450 + + LI + +The joyous day gan early to appeare, + And faire Aurora from the deawy bed + Of aged Tithone gan herselfe to reare + With rosy cheekes, for shame as blushing red; + Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed 455 + About her eares, when Una her did marke + Clymbe to her charet, all with flowers spred; + From heaven high to chase the chearelesse darke, +With merry note her loud salutes the mounting larke. + + LII + +Then freshly up arose the doughtie knight, 460 + All healed of his hurts and woundes wide, + And did himselfe to battell ready dight; + Whose early foe awaiting him beside + To have devourd, so soone as day he spyde, + When now he saw himselfe so freshly reare, 465 + As if late fight had nought him damnifyde, + He woxe dismayd, and gan his fate to feare; +Nathlesse with wonted rage he him advaunced neare. + + LIII + +And in his first encounter, gaping wide,° + He thought attonce him to have swallowd quight, 470 + And rusht upon him with outragious pride; + Who him r'encountring fierce, as hauke in flight + Perforce rebutted backe. The weapon bright + Taking advantage of his open jaw, + Ran through his mouth with so importune might, 475 + That deepe emperst his darksome hollow maw, +And back retyrd,° his life blood forth with all did draw. + + LIV + +So downe he fell, and forth his life did breath, + That vanisht into smoke and cloudes swift; + So downe he fell, that th' earth him underneath 480 + Did grone, as feeble so great load to lift; + So downe he fell, as an huge rockie clift, + Whose false foundation waves have washt away, + With dreadfull poyse is from the mayneland rift, + And rolling downe, great Neptune doth dismay; 485 +So downe he fell, and like an heaped mountaine lay. + + LV + +The knight himselfe even trembled at his fall, + So huge and horrible a masse it seem'd, + And his deare Ladie, that beheld it all, + Durst not approch for dread, which she misdeem'd;° 490 + But yet at last, whenas the direfull feend + She saw not stirre, off-shaking vaine affright, + She nigher drew, and saw that joyous end: + Then God she praysd, and thankt her faithfull knight, +That had atchieved so great a conquest by his might. 495 + + * * * * * + + CANTO XII + + Faire Una to the Redcrosse knight, + betrouthed is with joy: + Though false Duessa it to barre + her false sleights doe imploy. + + I + +BEHOLD I see the haven nigh at hand, + To which I meane my wearie course to bend; + Vere the maine shete,° and beare up with the land, + The which afore is fairely to be kend, + And seemeth safe from storms that may offend; 5 + There this faire virgin wearie of her way + Must landed be, now at her journeyes end: + There eke my feeble barke a while may stay +Till merry wind and weather call her thence away. + + II + +Scarsely had Phoebus in the glooming East 10 + Yet harnessed his firie-footed teeme, + Ne reard above the earth his flaming creast; + When the last deadly smoke aloft did steeme + That signe of last outbreathed life did seeme + Unto the watchman on the castle wall, 15 + Who thereby dead that balefull Beast did deeme, + And to his Lord and Ladie lowd gan call, +To tell how he had seene the Dragons fatall fall. + + III + +Uprose with hastie joy, and feeble speed + That aged Sire, the Lord of all that land, 20 + And looked forth, to weet if true indeede + Those tydings were, as he did understand, + Which whenas true by tryall he out found, + He bad to open wyde his brazen gate, + Which long time had bene shut, and out of hond° 25 + Proclaymed joy and peace through all his state; +For dead now was their foe which them forrayed late. + + IV + +Then gan triumphant Trompets sound on hie, + That sent to heaven the ecchoed report + Of their new joy, and happie victorie 30 + Gainst him, that had them long opprest with tort, + And fast imprisoned in sieged fort. + Then all the people, as in solemne feast, + To him assembled with one full consort, + Rejoycing at the fall of that great beast, 35 +From whose eternall bondage now they were releast. + + V + +Forth came that auncient Lord and aged Queene, + Arayd in antique robes downe to the ground, + And sad habiliments right well beseene; + A noble crew about them waited round 40 + Of sage and sober Peres, all gravely gownd; + Whom farre before did march a goodly band + Of tall young men,° all hable armes to sownd, + But now they laurell braunches bore in hand; +Glad signe of victorie and peace in all their land. 45 + + VI + +Unto that doughtie Conquerour they came, + And him before themselves prostrating low, + Their Lord and Patrone loud did him proclame, + And at his feet their laurell boughes did throw. + Soone after them all dauncing on a row 50 + The comely virgins came, with girlands dight, + As fresh as flowres in medow greene do grow, + When morning deaw upon their leaves doth light: +And in their hands sweet Timbrels all upheld on hight. + + VII + +And them before, the fry of children young 55 + Their wanton sports and childish mirth did play, + And to the Maydens° sounding tymbrels sung, + In well attuned notes, a joyous lay, + And made delightfull musicke all the way, + Untill they came, where that faire virgin stood; 60 + As faire Diana in fresh sommers day, + Beholds her Nymphes enraung'd in shadie wood, +Some wrestle, some do run, some bathe in christall flood: + + VIII + +So she beheld those maydens meriment + With chearefull vew; who when to her they came, 65 + Themselves to ground with gracious humblesse bent, + And her ador'd by honorable name, + Lifting to heaven her everlasting fame: + Then on her head they set a girland greene, + And crowned her twixt earnest and twixt game; 70 + Who in her self-resemblance well beseene,° +Did seeme such, as she was, a goodly maiden Queene. + + IX + +And after, all the raskall many° ran, + Heaped together in rude rablement, + To see the face of that victorious man: 75 + Whom all admired, as from heaven sent, + And gazd upon with gaping wonderment. + But when they came where that dead Dragon lay, + Stretcht on the ground in monstrous large extent, + The sight with idle feare did them dismay, 80 +Ne durst approch him nigh, to touch, or once assay. + + X + +Some feard, and fled; some feard and well it faynd; + One that would wiser seeme then all the rest, + Warnd him not touch, for yet perhaps remaynd + Some lingring life within his hollow brest, 85 + Or in his wombe might lurke some hidden nest + Of many Dragonets, his fruitfull seed; + Another said, that in his eyes did rest + Yet sparckling fire, and bad thereof take heed; +Another said, he saw him move his eyes indeed. 90 + + XI + +One mother, when as her foolehardie chyld + Did come too neare, and with his talants play, + Halfe dead through feare, her little babe revyld, + And to her gossips gan in counsell say; + How can I tell, but that his talants may 95 + Yet scratch my sonne, or rend his tender hand? + So diversly themselves in vaine they fray; + Whiles some more bold, to measure him nigh stand, +To prove how many acres he did spread of land. + + XII + +Thus flocked all the folke him round about, 100 + The whiles that hoarie king, with all his traine, + Being arrived where that champion stout + After his foes defeasance did remaine, + Him goodly greetes, and faire does entertaine + With princely gifts of yvorie and gold, 105 + And thousand thankes him yeelds for all his paine. + Then when his daughter deare he does behold, +Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold. + + XIII + +And after to his Pallace he them brings, + With shaumes, and trompets, and with Clarions sweet; 110 + And all the way the joyous people sings, + And with their garments strowes the paved street: + Whence mounting up, they find purveyance meet + Of all that royall Princes court became, + And all the floore was underneath their feet 115 + Bespred with costly scarlot of great name,° +On which they lowly sit, and fitting purpose frame.° + + XIV + +What needs me tell their feast and goodly guize,° + In which was nothing riotous nor vaine? + What needs of dainty dishes to devize, 120 + Of comely services, or courtly trayne? + My narrow leaves cannot in them containe + The large discourse of royall Princes state. + Yet was their manner then but bare and plaine: + For th' antique world excesse and pride did hate; 125 +Such proud luxurious pompe is swollen up but late. + + XV + +Then when with meates and drinkes of every kinde + Their fervent appetites they quenched had, + That auncient Lord gan fit occasion finde, + Of straunge adventures, and of perils sad, 130 + Which in his travell him befallen had, + For to demaund of his renowmed guest: + Who then with utt'rance grave, and count'nance sad, + From point to point, as is before exprest, +Discourst his voyage long, according his request. 135 + + XVI + +Great pleasures mixt with pittiful regard, + That godly King and Queene did passionate, + Whiles they his pittifull adventures heard, + That oft they did lament his lucklesse state, + And often blame the too importune fate, 140 + That heaped on him so many wrathfull wreakes: + For never gentle knight, as he of late, + So tossed was in fortunes cruell freakes; +And all the while salt teares bedeawd the hearers cheaks. + + XVII + +Then sayd the royall Pere in sober wise; 145 + Deare Sonne, great beene the evils which ye bore + From first to last in your late enterprise, + That I note whether prayse, or pitty more: + For never living man, I weene, so sore + In sea of deadly daungers was distrest; 150 + But since now safe ye seised have the shore, + And well arrived are, (high God be blest) +Let us devize of ease and everlasting rest. + + XVIII + +Ah, dearest Lord, said then that doughty knight, + Of ease or rest I may not yet devize, 155 + For by the faith, which I to armes have plight, + I bounden am streight after this emprize, + As that your daughter can ye well advize, + Backe to returne to that great Faerie Queene, + And her to serve six yeares in warlike wize, 160 + Gainst that proud Paynim king° that workes her teene +Therefore I ought crave pardon, till I there have beene. + + XIX + +Unhappie falles that hard necessitie, + (Quoth he) the troubler of my happie peace, + And vowed foe of my felicitie; 165 + Ne I against the same can justly preace: + But since that band ye cannot now release, + Nor doen undo°; (for vowes may not be vaine,) + Soone as the terme of those six yeares shall cease, + Ye then shall hither backe returne againe, 170 +The marriage to accomplish vowd betwixt you twain. + + XX + +Which for my part I covet to performe, + In sort as° through the world I did proclame, + That whoso kild that monster most deforme, + And him in hardy battaile overcame, 175 + Should have mine onely daughter to his Dame, + And of my kingdome heyre apparaunt bee: + Therefore since now to thee perteines the same, + By dew desert of noble chevalree, +Both daughter and eke kingdome, lo, I yield to thee. 180 + + XXI + +Then forth he called that his daughter faire, + The fairest Un' his onely daughter deare, + His onely daughter, and his onely heyre; + Who forth proceeding with sad sober cheare, + As bright as doth the morning starre appeare 185 + Out of the East, with flaming lockes bedight, + To tell that dawning day is drawing neare, + And to the world does bring long wished light: +So faire and fresh that Lady shewd her selfe in sight. + + XXII + +So faire and fresh, as freshest flowre in May; 190 + For she had layd her mournefull stole aside, + And widow-like sad wimple throwne away, + Wherewith her heavenly beautie she did hide, + Whiles on her wearie journey she did ride; + And on her now a garment she did weare, 195 + All lilly white, withoutten spot, or pride, + That seemd like silke and silver woven neare, +But neither silke nor silver therein did appeare. + + XXIII + +The blazing brightnesse of her beauties beame, + And glorious light of her sunshyny face, 200 + To tell, were as to strive against the streame; + My ragged rimes are all too rude and bace, + Her heavenly lineaments for to enchace. + Ne wonder; for her owne deare loved knight, + All were she° dayly with himselfe in place, 205 + Did wonder much at her celestiall sight: +Oft had he seene her faire, but never so faire dight. + + XXIV + +So fairely dight, when she in presence came, + She to her Sire made humble reverence, + And bowed low, that her right well became, 210 + And added grace unto her excellence: + Who with great wisedome and grave eloquence + Thus gan to say. But eare he thus had said, + With flying speede, and seeming great pretence + Came running in, much like a man dismaid, 215 +A Messenger with letters, which his message said. + + XXV + +All in the open hall amazed stood + At suddeinnesse of that unwarie sight, + And wondred at his breathlesse hastie mood. + But he for nought would stay his passage right, 220 + Till fast before the king he did alight; + Where falling flat, great humblesse he did make, + And kist the ground, whereon his foot was pight; + Then to his hands that writ he did betake, +Which he disclosing, red thus, as the paper spake. 225 + + XXVI + +To thee, most mighty king of Eden faire, + Her greeting sends in these sad lines addrest, + The wofull daughter, and forsaken heire + Of that great Emperour of all the West; + And bids thee be advized for the best, 230 + Ere thou thy daughter linck in holy band + Of wedlocke to that new unknowen guest: + For he already plighted his right hand +Unto another love, and to another land. + + XXVII + +To me sad mayd, or rather widow sad, 235 + He was affiaunced long time before, + And sacred pledges he both gave, and had, + False erraunt knight, infamous, and forswore: + Witnesse the burning Altars, which he swore, + And guiltie heavens of his bold perjury, 240 + Which though he hath polluted oft of yore, + Yet I to them for judgement just do fly, +And them conjure t'avenge this shamefull injury. + + XXVIII + +Therefore since mine he is, or free or bond, + Or false or trew, or living or else dead, 245 + Withhold, O soveraine Prince, your hasty hond + From knitting league with him, I you aread; + Ne weene my right with strength adowne to tread, + Through weaknesse of my widowhed, or woe; + For truth is strong her rightfull cause to plead, 250 + And shall find friends, if need requireth soe. +So bids thee well to fare, Thy neither friend, nor foe, _Fidessa_. + + XXIX + +When he these bitter byting wordes had red, + The tydings straunge did him abashed make, + That still he sate long time astonished, 255 + As in great muse, ne word to creature spake. + At last his solemne silence thus he brake, + With doubtfull eyes fast fixed on his guest; + Redoubted knight, that for mine onely sake + Thy life and honour late adventurest, 260 +Let nought be hid from me, that ought to be exprest. + + XXX + +What meane these bloody vowes, and idle threats, + Throwne out from womanish impatient mind? + What heavens? what altars? what enraged heates + Here heaped up with termes of love unkind, 265 + My conscience cleare with guilty bands would bind? + High God be witnesse, that I guiltlesse ame. + But if your selfe, Sir knight, ye faultie find, + Or wrapped be in loves of former Dame, +With crime do not it cover, but disclose the same. 270 + + XXXI + +To whom the Redcrosse knight this answere sent + My Lord, my King, be nought hereat dismayd, + Till well ye wote by grave intendiment, + What woman, and wherefere doth me upbrayd + With breach of love, and loyalty betrayd. 275 + It was in my mishaps, as hitherward + I lately traveild, that unwares I strayd + Out of my way, through perils straunge and hard; +That day should faile me, ere I had them all declard. + + XXXII + +There did I find, or rather I was found 280 + Of this false woman, that Fidessa hight, + Fidessa hight the falsest Dame on ground, + Most false Duessa, royall richly dight, + That easy was to invegle weaker sight: + Who by her wicked arts, and wylie skill, 285 + Too false and strong for earthly skill or might, + Unwares me wrought unto her wicked will, +And to my foe betrayd, when least I feared ill. + + XXXIII + +Then stepped forth the goodly royall Mayd, + And on the ground her selfe prostrating low, 290 + With sober countenaunce thus to him sayd; + O pardon me, my soveraigne Lord, to show + The secret treasons, which of late I know + To have bene wroght by that false sorceresse. + She onely she it is, that earst did throw 295 + This gentle knight into so great distresse, +That death him did awaite in dayly wretchednesse. + + XXXIV + +And now it seemes, that she suborned hath + This craftie messenger with letters vaine, + To worke new woe and unprovided scath, 300 + By breaking of the band betwixt us twaine; + Wherein she used hath the practicke paine + Of this false footman, clokt with simplenesse, + Whom if ye please for to discover plaine, + Ye shall him Archimago find, I ghesse, 305 +The falsest man alive; who tries shall find no lesse. + + XXXV + +The king was greatly moved at her speach, + And, all with suddein indignation fraight, + Bad on that Messenger rude hands to reach. + Eftsoones the Gard, which on his state did wait, 310 + Attacht that faitor false, and bound him strait: + Who seeming sorely chauffed at his band, + As chained Beare, whom cruell dogs do bait,° + With idle force did faine them to withstand, +And often semblaunce made to scape out of their hand. 315 + + XXXVI + +But they him layd full low in dungeon deepe, + And bound him hand and foote with yron chains + And with continual watch did warely keepe: + Who then would thinke, that by his subtile trains + He could escape fowle death or deadly paines? 320 + Thus when that princes wrath was pacifide, + He gan renew the late forbidden bains, + And to the knight his daughter dear he tyde, +With sacred rites and vowes for ever to abyde. + + XXXVII + +His owne two hands the holy knots did knit, 325 + That none but death for ever can devide; + His owne two hands, for such a turne most fit, + The housling fire° did kindle and provide, + And holy water thereon sprinckled wide; + At which the bushy Teade a groome did light, 330 + And sacred lamp in secret chamber hide, + Where it should not be quenched day nor night, +For feare of evill fates, but burnen ever bright. + + XXXVIII + +Then gan they sprinckle all the posts with wine, + And made great feast to solemnize that day; 335 + They all perfumde with frankencense divine, + And precious odours fetcht from far away, + That all the house did sweat with great aray: + And all the while sweete Musicke did apply + Her curious skill, the warbling notes to play, 340 + To drive away the dull Melancholy; +The whiles one sung a song of love and jollity. + + XXXIX + +During the which there was an heavenly noise + Heard sound through all the Pallace pleasantly, + Like as it had bene many an Angels voice 345 + Singing before th' eternall Majesty, + In their trinall triplicities° on hye; + Yet wist no creature whence that heavenly sweet + Proceeded, yet eachone felt secretly + Himselfe thereby reft of his sences meet, 350 +And ravished with rare impression in his sprite. + + XL + +Great joy was made that day of young and old, + And solemne feast proclaimd throughout the land, + That their exceeding merth may not be told: + Suffice it heare by signes to understand 355 + The usuall joyes at knitting of loves band. + Thrise happy man the knight himselfe did hold, + Possessed of his Ladies hart and hand, + And ever, when his eye did her behold, +His heart did seeme to melt in pleasures manifold. 360 + + XLI + +Her joyous presence, and sweet company + In full content he there did long enjoy; + Ne wicked envie, ne vile gealosy, + His deare delights were able to annoy: + Yet swimming in that sea of blissfull joy, 365 + He nought forgot how he whilome had sworne, + In case he could that monstrous beast destroy, + Unto his Faerie Queene backe to returne; +The which he shortly did, and Una left to mourne. + + XLII + +Now strike your sailes ye jolly Mariners, 370 + For we be come unto a quiet rode, + Where we must land some of our passengers, + And light this wearie vessell of her lode. + Here she a while may make her safe abode, + Till she repaired have her tackles spent,° 375 + And wants supplide. And then againe abroad + On the long voyage whereto she is bent: +Well may she speede and fairely finish her intent. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +LINE 1. LO I THE MAN.... An imitation of the opening lines of Vergil's +_Aeneid_:-- + + "Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena + Carmen,... + Gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis." + +Referring to his _Shepheards Calender_ (1579) Spenser thus gracefully +indicates his change from pastoral to epic poetry. + +5-9. KNIGHTS AND LADIES. The poet here imitates the opening of Ariosto's +_Orlando Furioso_. + +10. O HOLY VIRGIN CHIEFE OF NINE, refers to Clio, the muse of history. +Spenser should have invoked Calliope, the muse of poetry. + +14. OF FAERIE KNIGHTS, the the champions of Gloriana, the queen of +Faerieland. FAIREST TANAQUILL, a British princess, daughter of Oberon, king +of Faerieland. In the allegory she is Queen Elizabeth. + +15. THAT MOST NOBLE BRITON PRINCE is Prince Arthur, the perfect knight, who +is in love with Gloriana. In the allegory the Earl of Leicester is probably +meant, though by one tradition Sir Philip Sidney is identified with Prince +Arthur. + +19. IMPE OF HIGHEST JOVE, Cupid, the god of love, and son of Jupiter and +Venus. He is represented as armed with an ebony bow (l. 23). + +25. TRIUMPHANT MART, Mars, the god of war. The spelling is that of the +Italians and Chaucer. + +28. O GODDESSE HEAVENLY BRIGHT, Queen Elizabeth (aged 56), who was fond of +such extravagant flattery, and expected it of all her courtiers. + +31. PHOEBUS LAMPE, Apollo, the sun-god. + +34. GLORIOUS TYPE OF THINE, the Lady Una, who stands for Truth in the +allegory. + +35. THE ARGUMENT OF MINE AFFLICTED STILE, the subject of my humble pen. +"_Afflicted_" has the original Latin sense of "cast down." + +36. O DEAREST DRED, O beloved object of reverence; a common salutation of +royalty. + +CANTO I + +I. _The Plot:_ At the bidding of Gloriana, the Redcross Knight undertakes +to deliver Una's parents from a dragon who holds them captive. He sets out +upon his quest attended by a dwarf and guided by Una, mounted on an ass and +leading a lamb. They are driven by a storm into a forest, where they +discover the cave of Error, who is slain by the Knight. They are then +beguiled into the house of Archimago, an old enchanter. By his magic he +leads the Knight in a dream to believe that Una is false to him, and thus +separates them. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. Holiness, the love of God, united with Truth, the +knowledge of God, is to deliver man from the thraldom of the Devil. +Together they are able to overthrow Error; but Hypocrisy deceitfully +alienates Holiness from Truth by making the latter appear unworthy of love. + +2. There is a hint of the intrigues of the false Roman church and the +treacherous Spanish king, Philip II, to undermine the religious and +political freedom of the English people. The English nation, following the +Reformed church, overthrows the Catholic faith, but is deceived by the +machinations of Spanish diplomacy. + +LINE 1. A GENTLE KNIGHT, the Redcross Knight, representing the church +militant, and Reformed England. He is the young, untried champion of the +old cause whose struggles before the Reformation are referred to in ll. 3, +4. His shield bore "a cross gules upon a field argent," a red cross on a +silver ground. See _The Birth of St. George_ in Percy's _Reliques_, iii, 3, +and Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, iii, 65. + +15. FOR SOVERAINE HOPE, as a sign of the supreme hope. + +20. GREATEST GLORIANA, Queen Elizabeth. In other books of _The Faerie +Queene_ she is called Belphoebe, the patroness of chastity, and Britomart, +the military genius of Britain. + +27. A DRAGON, "the great dragon, that old serpent, called the devil," +_Revelation_, xii, 9, also Rome and Spain. Cf. legend of St. George and the +dragon, and Fletcher's _Purple Island_, vii _seq._ + +28. A LOVELY LADIE, Una, the personification of truth and true religion. +Her lamb symbolizes innocence. + +46. A DWARFE, representing prudence, or common sense; according to Morley, +the flesh. + +56. A SHADIE GROVE, the wood of Error. "By it Spenser shadows forth the +danger surrounding the mind that escapes from the bondage of Roman +authority and thinks for itself."--Kitchin. The description of the wood is +an imitation of Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, i, 37, Chaucer's _Assembly of +Foules_, 176, and Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, iii, 75. Morley sees in +this grove an allegory of man's life, the trees symbolizing trade, +pleasure, youth, etc. + +69. THE SAYLING PINE. Ships were built of pine. + +70. THE LOPLAR NEVER DRY, because it grows best in moist soil. + +71. THE BUILDER OAKE. In the Middle Ages most manor houses and churches +were built of oak. + +72. THE CYPRESSE FUNERALL, an emblem of death among the ancients, and +sacred to Pluto. Sidney says that they were wont to dress graves with +cypress branches in old times. + +73. THE LAURELL. Victors at the Pythian games and triumphing Roman generals +were crowned with laurel. It was also sacred to Apollo, the god of poetry, +hence "meed of poets sage." + +74. THE FIRRE THAT WEEPETH STILL. The fir exudes resinous substance. + +75. THE WILLOW. "Willows: a sad tree, whereof such who have lost their love +make their mourning garlands."--Fuller's _Worthies_, i, 153. Cf. Heywood's +_Song of the Green Willow_, and Desdemona's song in _Othello_, IV, iii, 39. + +76. THE EUGH. Ascham in his _Toxophilus_ tells us that the best bows were +made of yew. + +78. THE MIRRHE, the Arabian myrtle, which exudes a bitter but fragrant gum. +The allusion is to the wounding of Myrrha by her father and her +metamorphosis into this tree. + +79. THE WARLIKE BEECH, because lances and other arms were made of it. THE +ASH FOR NOTHING ILL. "The uses of the ash is one of the most universal: it +serves the souldier, the carpenter, the wheelwright, cartwright, cooper, +turner, and thatcher."--Evelyn's _Sylva_. The great tree Igdrasil in the +northern mythology was an ash. + +81. THE CARVER HOLME, or evergreen oak, was good for carving. + +106. SHAME WERE TO REVOKE, etc., it would be cowardly not to go forward for +fear of some suspected unseen danger. + +114. THE WANDRING WOOD, i.e. which causes men to go astray. + +123. MONSTER. The description of the monster Error, or Falsehood, is based +on Hesiod's Echidna, _Theog_. 301, and the locusts in _Revelation_, ix, +7-10. She is half human, half serpent, because error is partly true and +partly false. Dante's Fraud and Milton's Sin are similar monsters. + +126. FULL OF VILE DISDAINE, full of vileness that bred disgust in the +beholder. + +130. OF HER THERE BRED, etc., of her were born a thousand young ones. Her +offspring are lies and rumors of many shapes. + +141. ARMED TO POINT, completely armed. Cf. Fr. _ą point_, to a nicety. + +145. THE VALIANT ELFE, because he was the reputed son of an Elfin or +Faerie, though really sprung from "an ancient race of Saxon kings." Three +kinds of elves are mentioned in the _Edda_: the black dwarfs, and brownies, +who both dwelt under ground, and the fair elves, who dwelt in Fairyland or +Alfheim. "The difference between Spenser's elves and these Teutonic elves +shows how he perverts Fairy mythology in the same way as he does Classical +myths."--Percival. + +168. HIS GALL DID GRATE FOR GRIEFE, his anger was aroused on account of +pain. In the old anatomy anger had its seat in the gallbladder. See +Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, I, i, 2. + +177. HER VOMIT FULL OF BOOKES, etc. From 1570, when Pope Sixtus V issued +his bull of deposition against Queen Elizabeth, to 1590, great numbers of +scurrilous pamphlets attacking the Queen and the Reformed church had been +disseminated by Jesuit refugees. + +181. NILUS. Pliny believed that the mud of the Nile had the power of +breeding living creatures like mice. _Hist. Nat._ ix, 84. So Shakespeare, +_Antony and Cleopatra_, II, vii, 29. + +199. GENTLE SHEPHEARD. In this pastoral simile, Spenser imitates Homer's +_Iliad_, ii, 469, and xvii, 641, and Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, xiv, 109. + +208. THUS ILL BESTEDD. There is a similar combat in the old romance _Guy of +Warwick_, ix, between the hero and a man-eating dragon. + +217. HER SCATTRED BROOD. The poet here follows a belief as old as Pliny +that the young of serpents fed on their mother's blood. In this entire +passage the details are too revolting for modern taste. + +232. THE WHICH THEM NURST. The antecedent of _which_ is _her_. In the +sixteenth century _the_ was frequently placed before _which_, which was +also the equivalent of _who_. Cf. the Lord's Prayer. + +234. HE SHOULD CONTEND, he should have had to contend. + +237. BORNE UNDER HAPPY STARRE. Belief in astrology was once common, and +Spenser being a Pythagorean would hold the doctrine of the influence of the +stars on human destiny. + +239. THAT ARMORIE, the armor of the Christian warrior. _Ephesians_, vi, 13. + +243. THAT LIKE SUCCEED IT MAY, that like successful adventures may succeed +it. The word order is inverted for the sake of the rhyme. + +250. TO FREND, as his friend. + +254. AN AGED SIRE, the false enchanter, Archimago, or Hypocrisy, who is +supposed to represent Pope Sixtus V or King Philip II of Spain. In general +he stands for false religion or the Church of Rome. The character and +adventure are taken from _Orlando Furioso_, ii, 12, in which there is a +hypocritical hermit. The Knight at first takes Archimago to be a palmer, +and inquires for the foreign news. + +295. TAKE UP YOUR IN, take lodging. + +301. A LITTLE WYDE, a little way off. + +315. AN AVE-MARY, Hail Mary, a prayer to the Virgin. Cf. _Luke_, i, 28. + +317. THE SAD HUMOUR, the heavy moisture, or "slombring deaw." + +318. MORPHEUS, the son of Somnus and god of sleep and dreams, who sprinkled +the dew of sleep on the brow of mortals from his horn or wings or from a +bough dipped in Lethe. + +323. HIS MAGICK BOOKES AND ARTES. Monks engaged in scientific +investigation, such as Friar Roger Bacon, were popularly supposed to use +cabalistic books, and to make compacts with the Devil by means of +necromancy, or the black art, as in st. xxxvii. Before the close of the +century Marlowe's _Doctor Faustus_ and Greene's _Friar Bacon and Friar +Bungay_, both based on the popular belief in magic, were presented on the +London stage. + +328. BLACKE PLUTOES GRIESLY DAME, Proserpine, the avenger of men, and +inflicter of curses on the dead. She is identified with Shakespeare's +Hecate, the goddess of sorcery, and with Milton's Cotytto, goddess of lust. +To this latter sin the knight is tempted. + +332. GREAT GORGON, Demogorgon, whose name might not be uttered, a magician +who had power over the spirits of the lower world. The poet is here +imitating the Latin poets Lucan and Statius. + +333. COCYTUS, the river of wailing, and STYX, the river of hate, both in +Hades. There were two others, _Acheron_, the river of sorrow, and +_Phlegethon_, the river of fire. + +335. LEGIONS OF SPRIGHTS. In this stanza and the preceding Spenser follows +Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, xiii, 6-11, where the magician Ismeno, +guarding the Enchanted Wood, conjures "legions of devils" with the "mighty +name" (l. 332). + +339. CHOSE. Imitation of Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, ii, 15, in which a +false spirit is called up by a hypocritical hermit. The description of the +House of Sleep in st. xxxix _seq_. is modelled on the same poet, _Orlando +Furioso_, ii, 15 _seq_. The influence of Homer's _Odyssey_, xi, 16 is seen +in st. xxxix, ll. 348 _seq_. + +348. TETHYS, the ocean. In classical mythology she is the daughter of +Uranus (heaven) and Gaea (earth), and the wife of Oceanus. + +349. CYNTHIA, the moon. The allusion is to the story of Diana and Endymion. +See Lyly's play _Endymion_. + +352. WHOSE DOUBLE GATES. Homer, _Odyssey_, xix, 562, and Vergil, _Aeneid_, +vi, 893, give the House of Dreams a horn and an ivory gate. Spenser +substitutes silver for horn, mirrors being overlaid with silver in his +time. From the ivory gate issued false dreams; from the other, true ones. + +361. SLUMBER SOFT. This stanza shows Spenser's wonderful technique. His +exquisite effects are produced, it will be noticed, partly by the choice of +musical words and partly by the rhythmical cadence of the verse phrases. It +is an example of perfect "keeping," or adaptation of sound to sense. Cf. +Chaucer's description of the waterfalls in the Cave of Sleep in his _Boke +of the Duchesse_, 162. + +376. WHOSE DRYER BRAINE, whose brain too dry. In the old physiology, a dry +brain was the cause of slow and weak perception, and a moist brain of +quickness. + +378. ALL, entirely, altogether. + +381. HECATE, queen of phantoms and demons in Hades, and mistress of witches +on earth. See xxxvii. + +387. THE SLEEPERS SENT, the sleeper's sense. + +405. MOST LIKE TO SEEME, etc.. most likely fit to seem for (represent) Una. +_Like_ is an adv. A very awkward inversion. + +411. BORNE WITHOUT HER DEW, i.e. created by him in an unnatural manner. + +425. FAYRE VENUS, the daughter of Jupiter, or Zeus, and the sea-nymph +Dione. She is the same as Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty. + +430. THE GRACES, Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and Thalia, daughters of Zeus and +Aphrodite. + +431. HYMEN IÖ HYMEN, refrain of an old Roman nuptial song. Hymen, the son +of Apollo and the Muse Urania, was the god of marriage. + +432. FRESHEST FLORA, the goddess of flowers. She typified spring. + +447. TO PROVE HIS SENSE, etc. To test his perception and prove her feigned +truth. + +449. THO CAN SHE WEEPE, then did she weep. _Can_ here is the Northern +dialect form for the middle English _gan_, past tense of _ginnen_, to +begin, which was used as an auxiliary. + +454. THE BLIND GOD, Cupid, Eros, or Amor, the god of love. + +478. Like other knights of romance, e.g. Sir Galahad and Sir Gareth in +Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, iii, 65, etc., the Redcross Knight does not +yield to the temptation of the flesh, but overcomes it. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS FOR STUDY + +(Canto I) + +1. Tell in your own words the story of this canto. 2. Which muse does +Spenser invoke? 3. Who were the nine muses? 4. What is the difference +between _pastoral_ and _epic_ poetry? 5. Illustrate by _The Shepheards +Calender_ and the _The Faerie Queene_. 6. Point out imitations of Homer, +Vergil, Lucan, Statius, Ariosto, Tasso, and Chaucer. 7. Explain the +reference to the religious questions and politics of Queen Elizabeth's +reign. 8. Where does Spenser use classical mythology--medięval legends? 9. +What references to the Bible do you find? 10. Try to make a mental picture +of the Knight--of Una--of Error--of Archimago. 11. Is Spenser's character +drawing objective or subjective? 12. Is the description of the wood in vii +true to nature? Could so many trees grow together in a thick wood? 13. +Study the Rembrandt-like effects of light and shade in xiv. 14. What +infernal deities are conjured up by Archimago? + +15. Paraphrase in your own language ll. 88, 106-107, 116, 267-268. + +16. Explain use of _of_ in l. 75. 17. What part of speech is _wandering_ l. +114? _to viewen_ l. 201? parse _which_ l. 232; _him_ and _spend_ l. 233; +_you_ and _shew_ l. 276. 18. Find examples of Euphuistic hyperbole in iv, +of alliteration in xiv. 19. Explain the use and form of _eyne_, _edified_, +_afflicted_, _weeds_, _Hebean_, _impe_, _compeld_, _areeds_, _blazon_, +_ycladd_. + +CANTO II + +I. _The Plot_: Deceived by Archimago's phantoms, the Redcross Knight +suspects the chastity of Una, and flies at early dawn with his dwarf. He +chances to meet the Saracen Sansfoy in company with the false Duessa. They +do battle and Sansfoy is slain. Duessa under the name of Fidessa attaches +herself to the Knight, and they ride forward. They stop to rest under some +shady trees, On breaking a bough, the Knight discovers that the trees are +two lovers, Fradubio and Fraelissa, thus imprisoned by the cruel +enchantment of Duessa. + +II. _The Allegory_: 1. Hypocrisy under a pious disguise is attractive to +Holiness. Truth is also deceived by it, and shamefully slandered. Holiness +having abandoned Truth, takes up with Falsehood, who is attended by +Infidelity. Unbelief when openly assailing Holiness is overthrown, but +Falsehood under the guise of Faith remains undiscovered. The fate of the +man (Fradubio) is set forth who halts between two opinions,--False Religion +(Duessa) and Heathen Philosophy, or Natural Religion (Fraelissa). + +2. The Reformed Church, no longer under the guidance of Truth, rushes +headlong into Infidelity, and unwittingly became the defender of the Romish +Faith under the name of the True Faith. There is a hint of the intrigues of +Mary Queen of Scots and the libels of the Jesuits on Queen Elizabeth +designed to bring back the English nation to Romish allegiance. + +LINE 1. THE NORTHERNE WAGONER, the constellation Boötes. + +2. HIS SEVENFOLD TEME, the seven stars of Ursa Major, or Charles's Wain. +THE STEDFAST STARRE, the Pole-star, which never sets. + +6. CHEAREFULL CHAUNTICLERE, the name of the cock in the fabliaux and beast +epics, e.g. _Roman de Renart_ and _Reineke Fuchs_. + +7. PHOEBUS FIERY CARRE, the sun. + +11. THAT FAIRE-FORGED SPRIGHT, fair but miscreated spirit (I, xiv). Spenser +took suggestions for this stanza from Ariosto and Tasso. + +51. FAIRE HESPERUS, the evening star. + +55. THE ROSY-FINGRED MORNING. This beautiful epithet of Aurora, the goddess +of the dawn, is borrowed from Homer, Hesiod, and other ancient poets. + +56. AGED TITHONES, son of Laomedon, King of Troy. Aurora conferred upon him +immortality without youth, hence the epithet "aged." + +58. TITAN, the sun-god in the Roman myths. + +85. PROTEUS, a sea-god who was endowed with the power of prophecy. He could +change himself into any shape in order to avoid having to prophesy. See +Homer, _Odyssey_, iv, 366 _seq_., and Vergil, _Georgics_, iv, 387. + +90. HERBES. In the sixteenth century the belief in potions, magic formulas, +etc., was still strongly rooted in the popular mind. The Spanish court and +the priests were supposed to employ supernatural agencies against the +Protestants. + +105. A FAITHLESS SARAZIN. Spenser uses the word Saracen in the general +sense of pagan. During the Middle Ages the Saracen power was a menace to +Europe, and the stronghold of infidelity. The names of the three Paynim +brethren, Sansfoy, Sansjoy, and Sansloy,--faithless, joyless, and +lawless,--suggest the point of view of Spenser's age. + +109. A FAIRE COMPANION, the enchantress Duessa, or Falsehood, who calls +herself Fidessa. In the allegory Spenser intended her to represent the +Romish church and Mary Queen of Scots. Her character and appearance were +suggested by the woman of Babylon, in _Revelation_, viii, 4, Ariosto's +Alcina, and Tasso's Armida. + +136. AS WHEN TWO RAMS. This figure is found in Vergil, Apollonius, Malory, +Tasso, Dante, and other poets and romancers. + +141. THE HANGING VICTORY, the victory which hung doubtful in the balance. + +144. THE BROKEN RELIQUES, the shattered lances. + +148. EACH OTHERS EQUALL PUISSAUNCE ENVIES, each envies the equal prowess of +the other. + +149. THROUGH THEIR IRON SIDES, etc., through their armored sides with cruel +glances, etc. + +155. THE BITTER FIT, the bitterness of death. + +158. ASSURED SITT, etc., sit firm (in the saddle), and hide (cover) thy +head (with thy shield). + +160. WITH RIGOUR SO OUTRAGEOUS, with force so violent. + +161. THAT A LARGE SHARE, etc., that a large piece it (the sword) hewed, +etc. + +162. FROM BLAME HIM FAIRLY BLEST. 1, fairly preserved him from hurt; 2, +fairly acquitted him of blame. _Him_ in (1) refers to the knight, in (2) to +the Saracen. (1) is the better interpretation. + +169. GRUDGING. Because reluctant to part from the flesh. + +196. DAUGHTER OF AN EMPEROUR. Duessa represents the Pope, who exercised +imperial authority in Rome, though the seat of the empire had been +transferred to Constantinople in 476. + +200. THE ONLY HAIRE. The dauphin of France, the first husband of Mary Queen +of Scots, afterwards King Francis II, son of Henry II. Duessa's story is +full of falsehoods. + +244. SO DAINTY THEY SAY MAKETH DERTH, coyness makes desire. The knight is +allured on by Duessa's assumed shyness. + +251. NE WONT THERE SOUND, nor was accustomed to sound there. + +254. COOL SHADE. The Reformed Church, weakened by Falsehood, is enticed by +doubt and skepticism. + +262. FAIRE SEEMLY PLEASAUNCE, pleasant courtesies. + +263. WITH GOODLY PURPOSES, with polite conversation. This whole stanza +refers to Mary's candidacy for the English throne and its dangers to +Protestantism. + +269. HE PLUCKT A BOUGH. In this incident Spenser imitates Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_, vi, 26, in which Ruggiero addresses a myrtle which bleeds and +cries out with pain. The conception of men turned into trees occurs also in +Ovid, Vergil, Tasso, and Dante. + +272. O SPARE WITH GUILTY HANDS, etc. Cf Vergil's account of Polydorus in +_Aeneid_, iii, 41, in which a myrtle exclaims, _Parce pias scelerare +manus_, etc. + +284. FROM LIMBO LAKE, here, the abode of the lost. With the Schoolmen, +Limbo was a border region of hell where dwelt the souls of Old Testament +saints, pious heathen, lunatics, and unbaptized infants. Cf. Milton's +Paradise of Fools, _Paradise Lost_, iii, 495. + +291. FRADUBIO, as it were "Brother Doubtful," one who hesitates between +false religion and pagan religion, Duessa and Fraelissa (Morley). Fraelissa +is fair but frail, and will not do to lean upon. + +342. FAIRE IN PLACE, fair in that place. + +351. TO TREEN MOULD, to the form of a tree. _Treen_ is an adj. like +_wooden_. + +354. THE SAME. Supply "as she appeared to be," i.e. fair and true. + +357. PROPER HEW. Witches had to appear in their "proper hew" one day in +spring and undergo a purifying bath. The old romances make frequent mention +of the enchanted herb bath. + +370. BY CHAUNGES OF MY CHEARE, by my changed countenance or expression. + +371. DROWND IN SLEEPIE NIGHT. The phrase modifies "body," or is equivalent +to "while I was drowned in sleep." + +382. IN A LIVING WELL, in a well of running water. This well signifies the +healing power of Christianity. _John_, iv, 14. In Spenser's story this well +is never found, and the wretched couple are never restored to human shape. + +404. ALL PASSED FEARE, all fear having passed. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto II) + +1. How does the knight feel and act while under Archimago's spell? 2. What +becomes of Una? 3. How does Archimago plan to deceive her? 4. Tell the +story of the lovers turned into trees. 5. Who was Sansfoy? 6. Describe the +appearance and character of Duessa. 7. What did she have to do with +Fradubio and Fraelissa? 8. What was the old belief about the penance of +witches? 9. How only could the lovers be restored to their human shape? Was +it done? 10. Who were St. George, Phoebus, Titan, Tithonius? 11. Explain +the reference to Chaunticlere in l. 6. + +12. Find examples of _alliteration_ in xix; of _balance_ in xxxvii; and of +_Latinizing_ in xix; xxxvi; xxxviii, and xl. + +13. Paraphrase in your own words ll. 111, 134-135, 162 (giving two +interpretations); 335, 386-387. + +14. What _figure of speech_ is used in xiii, xvi, and xx? + +15. Study the rich word-painting in the description of sunrise in vii. Find +other examples of this poet's use of "costly" epithets. + +16. Scan the following passages: 148, 174, 178, 193, and 299. + +17. Find example of _tmesis_ (separation of prep. from ob.) in xlv. + +18. What is the difference between the two _wells_ in xliii? + +19. To whom do the pronouns in ll. 174, 175 refer? + +20. What is the _case_ of _heavens_ in l. 193? of _Sarazin_ in l. 217? + +21. What words are omitted in ll. 188, 313, 398? + +CANTO III + +I. _The Plot:_ Una wandering in quest of her Knight is guarded by a Lion. +With difficulty they gain entrance to the cottage of Corceca and her +daughter Abessa, the paramour of Kirkrapine. The latter is killed by the +Lion. Fleeing the next day, Una falls in with Archimago disguised as the +Redcross Knight. They journey on and meet a second Saracen knight, Sansloy. +In the fight which ensues Archimago is unhorsed and his deception unmasked. +The Lion is slain, and Una becomes the captive of Sansloy. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. Truth finds temporary protection in Reason, or +Natural Honor (Lion), and with its help puts a stop to the Robbing of +Churches (Kirkrapine), which is connived at by Blind Devotion (Corceca) and +Secret Sin (Abessa). Truth is then associated with Hypocrisy under the +guise of Holiness, but it is soon unmasked by Lawlessness (Sansloy), with +which Truth is forced into an unnatural alliance. + +2. "The lion is said to represent Henry VIII, overthrowing the monasteries, +destroying church-robbers, disturbing the dark haunts of idleness, +ignorance and superstition."--Kitchin. The battle between Archimago and +Sansloy refers to the contests of the Catholic powers with the Moslems. The +whole canto also has a hint of the violence and lawlessness connected with +the English conquest of Ireland. + +LINE 14. THOUGH TRUE AS TOUCH, though true as if tested on the touchstone +(by which true gold was distinguished from counterfeit). + +18. AND HER DUE LOVES, etc., the love due to her diverted, etc. + +27. YET WISHED TYDINGS, etc., yet none brought unto her the wished-for +tidings of him. An awkward transposition. + +34. THE GREAT EYE OF HEAVEN, the sun. Cf. _Paradise Lost_, v. 171. + +38. A RAMPING LYON. Reason or Natural Honor; also Henry VIII. According to +the ancient belief, no lion would attack a true virgin or one of royal +blood. Similar scenes are found in _Sir Bevis of Hampton_, _The Seven +Champions of Christendom_, etc. Cf. I _Henry_ IV, ii, 4. The allegory +signifies that man guided merely by reason will recognize Truth and pay it +homage. + +51. WHOSE YEELDED PRIDE, etc., object of _had marked_, l. 52. + +77. HE KEPT BOTH WATCH AND WARD, he kept awake and guarded her. + +89. A DAMZELL SPYDE, Abessa, who symbolizes Flagrant or Secret Sin. + +99. HER CAST IN DEADLY HEW, threw her into a deathly paleness. + +101. UPON THE WAGER LAY, was at stake. + +102. WHEREAS HER MOTHER BLYND, where her blind mother, Corceca, or Blind +Devotion. + +109. UNRULY PAGE. This refers to the violence with which Henry VIII forced +Protestantism upon the people. In his _Present State of Ireland_ (p. 645), +Spenser speaks of the ignorance and blind devotion of the Irish Papists in +the benighted country places. + +116. PATER NOSTERS, the Lord's Prayer; AVES, prayers to the Virgin. + +136. ALDEBORAN, the Bull's Eye, a double star of the first magnitude in the +constellation Taurus. + +137. CASSIOPEIAS CHAIRE, a circumpolar constellation having a fancied +resemblance to a chair. + +139. ONE KNOCKED AT THE DORE, Kirkrapine, the plunderer of the Church. +Spenser represents in him the peculiar vices of the Irish clergy and laity. + +166. STAY HIM TO ADVIZE, stop to reflect. + +172. HIM BOOTETH NOT RESIST, it does him no good to resist. This whole +passage refers, perhaps, to Henry VIII's suppression of the monasteries and +convents in 1538-39. + +185. THAT LONG WANDRING GREEKE. Ulysses, or Odysseus, the hero of Homer's +_Odyssey_, who wandered ten years and refused immortality from the goddess +Calypso in order that he might return to Penelope. + +xxii. Note the rhymes _deare_, _heare_, and _teare_ (air). This 16th +century pronunciation still survives in South Carolina. See Ellis's _Early +English Pronunciation_, III, 868. This stanza reads like the description of +an Irish wake. + +238. OR OUGHT HAVE DONE, or have done something to displease you. + +239. THAT SHOULD AS DEATH, etc., that should settle like death, etc. + +248. AND CHOSE IN FAERY COURT. See Spenser's letter to Sir W. Raleigh, p. +6. + +250. HER KINDLY SKILL, her natural power. + +276. FIERCE ORIONS HOUND, Sirius, the Dog-star, the brightest of the fixed +stars. The constellation Orion was named from a giant hunter who was +beloved by Aurora and slain by Diana. + +279. AND NEREUS CROWNES WITH CUPS, and Nereus drinks bumpers in his honor. +Nereus was a sea-god, son of Ocean and Earth. + +282. FROM GROUND, from the land. + +297. SANS LOY symbolizes the pagan lawlessness in Ireland. There is also a +wider reference to the struggles between the Turks and the allied Christian +powers, which had been going on since the siege of Vienna in 1529. + +309. VAINLY CROSSED SHIELD, Archimago's false cross lacked the protecting +power of St. George's charmed true cross. + +321. LETHE LAKE, a lake or river of Hades, whose water brought oblivion or +forgetfulness to all who drank of it. + +322. Refers to the ancient custom of sacrificing an enemy on the funeral +altar to appease the shade of the dead. + +323. THE BLACKE INFERNALL FURIES, the Erinyes, or goddesses of vengeance, +who dwelt in Erebus. They were robed in black, bloody garments befitting +their gloomy character. + +325. In romance it was customary for the victor to unlace the helmet of the +knight whom he had unhorsed before slaying him. Friends and relatives were +sometimes discovered by this precaution. + +342. NE EVER WONT IN FIELD, etc., was never accustomed to fight in the +battle-field or in the lists of the tournament. + +xliii. Contrast Sansloy's rude treatment of Una with the chivalrous respect +and courtesy always shown by a true knight to woman. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto III) + +1. What moral reflections does the poet make in the introductory stanza? +Note the reference to the Queen. 2. What do you learn of the laws, customs, +and sentiments of chivalry in this canto? 3. Give an account of Una's +meeting with the Lion. 4. Explain the allegory of the incident of the Lion. +5. Describe the character, appearance, and actions of Corceca, and explain +the allegory. 6. Note the use of the stars to indicate time. 7. Under what +circumstances does Una meet Archimago? 8. Explain the allegory in ix. 9. +Note the Euphuistic balance in xxvii. 10. What figure do you find in xxxi? +Note the Homeric style. 11. Describe the fight between Archimago and +Sansloy, and explain the double allegory. 12. What is the moral +interpretation of xli-xlii? + +13. Explain the Latinisms in ll. 37 and 377. 14. How are the adjectives +used in l. 57? 15. Note change of pronouns in vii from third person to +first. 16. Explain tense of _shold pas_ in l. 83. 17. Note confusion of +pronouns in xxii and xxxv. 18. Examine the _nominative absolute_ +construction in st. xiv and xxxix. 19. Explain the ambiguous construction +in l. 165. 20. Parse _her_ in l. 262. 21. Note careless use of relative in +l. 288. + +CANTO IV + +I. _The Plot:_ In this and the following canto the adventures of the +Redcross Knight are continued from Canto II. Guided by Duessa, he enters +the House of Pride. There he sees Lucifera, the Queen of Pride, attended by +her sinful court. Her six Counselors are described in detail, with an +account of a pleasure trip taken by the Queen and her court. Sansjoy +unexpectedly arrives and challenges the Knight to mortal combat for the +shield of Sansfoy. That night Duessa holds a secret conference with the +Saracen knight. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The Christian Soldier, under the influence of false +ideals (Duessa), is exposed to the temptations of the Seven Deadly Sins, +chief among which is Pride. In the midst of these sinful pleasures, he is +assailed by Joylessness, on whose side is Falsehood secretly. + +2. The religious and political allegory is here vague and somewhat +discontinuous. There is a hint, however, of the attempts of Mary Queen of +Scots to bring England back to Romanism. The pride and corruption of the +false church and its clergy are set forth. There is also a suggestion of +the perilous position of the English in Ireland. + +20. OF EACH DEGREE AND PLACE, of every rank and order of society. + +21. HAVING SCAPED HARD, having escaped with difficulty. + +24. LAZARS. Leprosy was a common disease in England even as late as the +sixteenth century. + +49. MALVENŁ, ill-come, as opposed to _Bienvenu_, welcome. + +73. LIKE PHOEBUS FAIREST CHILDE, Phaethon, the son of Helios. He was killed +by a thunderbolt from the hand of Zeus, as a result of his reckless driving +of the chariot of the sun. + +86. A DREADFULL DRAGON, Fallen Pride. + +94. This genealogy of Pride is invented by the poet in accord with the +Christian doctrine concerning this sin. + +107. SIX WIZARDS OLD, the remaining six of the Seven Deadly Sins, Wrath, +Envy, Lechery, Gluttony, Avarice, and Idleness. See Chaucer's _Parson's +Tale_ for a sermon on these mortal sins, Gower's _Dance of the Seven Deadly +Sins_, and Laugland's _Piers Plowman_. + +145. COCHE. Spenser imitates Ovid and Homer in this description of Juno's +chariot. The peacock was sacred to the goddess, who transferred to its tail +the hundred eyes of the monster Argus. See Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, i, 625 +_seq_. + +157. WITH LIKE CONDITIONS, etc. The behests were of a kind similar to the +nature of the six Sins. + +174. HE CHALENGED ESSOYNE, he claimed exemption. + +185. LIKE A CRANE. This refers to Aristotle's story of a man who wished +that his neck were as long as a crane's, that he might the longer enjoy the +swallowing of his food. _Nic. Ethics_, iii, 13. + +205. A DRY DROPSIE, a dropsy causing thirst. + +236. UPON A CAMELL, etc. The reference is to a story in Herodotus' +_History_ (iii, 102 _seq_.), in which the Indians are described as carrying +off on camels gold dust hoarded by enormous ants. + +252. UNTO HIM SELFE UNKNOWNE, i.e. being ignorant of his own wretchedness. + +309. UNTHRIFTY SCATH, wicked damage, or mischief that thrives not. + +313. THE SWELLING SPLENE. The spleen was the seat of anger. + +314. SAINT FRAUNCES FIRE, St. Anthony's fire, or erysipelas. Diseases were +named from those who were supposed to be able to heal them. + +335. WITH PLEASAUNCE, etc. Fed with enjoyment of the fields, the fresh air +of which they went to breathe. + +437. AND HELPLESSE HAP, etc. It does no good to bemoan unavoidable chance. + +440. PAY HIS DEWTIES LAST, pay his last duty to the shade of the slain man +by sacrificing his murderer. + +443. ODDES OF ARMES, chances of mishap in arms due to some advantage of +one's antagonist. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto IV) + +1. What are the moral reflections in stanza i? 2. What suggestion of the +condition of the English roads do you find in st. ii? 3. _But few +returned_, l. 21. What became of the rest? 4. Give a description of the +House of Pride. Note resemblance to a typical Elizabethan hall. 5. Explain +the allegory of the House, noting the association of ugliness and beauty. +6. How is expectation aroused in vi? 7. Describe the dramatic appearance +and character of Pride. Cf. description of Satan on his throne in _Paradise +Lost_, iii. 8. What do you learn in this canto of Elizabethan or chivalric +manners and customs? 9. Describe the procession at the court of Pride. 10. +What satire of the Romish priesthood in xviii-xx? 11. Note examples of +Spenser's humor in xiv and xvi. 12. Point out the classical influence +(Dionysus and Silenus) in the description of Gluttony. 13. Subject of the +interview between Duessa and Sansjoy. 14. Point out the archaisms in l. 10; +alliteration in xxxix and l; the Latinisms in xlvi and xlvii. 15. In what +case is _way_ in l. 17? 16. Explain the meaning and historical significance +of _lazar_, l. 24, and _diall_, l. 36. 17. Explain the references of the +pronouns in l. 55, and ll. 418-419. 18. Note the Euphuistic balance and +antithesis in xxix and xlv. 19. Explain the suffix in _marchen_ in l. 325. +20. Note the double negative in iv, xlix. 21. Paraphrase in your own words +ll. 239, 243, 360, 437. + +CANTO V + +I. _The Plot_: (a continuation of Canto IV). The Knight fights in the lists +with Sansjoy and defeats him, but is prevented by Duessa's magic from +slaying him. Duessa descends to Erebus and obtains the aid of Night, who +conveys the wounded Saracen in her chariot to Ęsculapius to be healed of +his wounds. The tortures of some of the souls in Erebus are described, +particularly the cause of Ęsculapius' punishment. A roll of the prisoners +whom the dwarf discovers in Pride's dungeon is given. The Knight flees with +the dwarf from her house. + +II. _The Allegory_: When the Christian Soldier is attacked by Joylessness, +he has a far more desperate struggle than that with Infidelity, and comes +out wounded though victorious. Joylessness when crushed by Holiness is +restored by Pagan Philosophy. The backsliding Christian is warned in time +by Prudence of the fearful consequences of sin, and hastens to turn his +back on Pride and the other sins. The soul is led to dread Pride, not by +Truth, but by its sufferings and other inferior motives. + +25. THEIR TIMELY VOYCES, their voices keeping time with their harps. + +27. OLD LOVES, famous love-affairs, the subject of the Minnesängers. + +29. IN WOVEN MAILE, in chain armor. + +32. ARABY, probably here the Orient in general. + +33. FROM FURTHEST YND, from farthest India. + +39. UNTO A PALED GREENE, a green inclosure (lists for a tournament) +surrounded by a palisade. + +44. HIS. An old method of forming the possessive, based on a +misapprehension of the original Anglo-Saxon suffix _-es_, which was +shortened in middle English to _-is_, and finally to _s_. + +45. BOTH THOSE, etc. Both Duessa and the shield are to go to the victor. + +65. A GRYFON, a fabulous animal, part lion and part eagle. _Gryfon_ is +subject of _encountereth_ with _Dragon_ as object. + +89. AND SLUGGISH GERMAN, etc., and sluggish brother dost relax thy strength +to send his (Sansfoy's) foe after him, that he may overtake him. In ll. +86-88 Sansjoy addresses his brother, in ll. 89-90 himself. _German_ is any +blood relation. + +100. The Knight supposed that Duessa's encouraging words were addressed to +him. + +114. Spenser here, with fine dramatic effect, imitates Homer, who saves +Paris and Ęneas by a similar device. _Iliad_, iii, 380, and v, 345. + +159. TEARES. This mention of the man-eating crocodile's tears is based on +an old Latin proverb. Sir John Mandeville repeats the story. + +172. GRIESLY NIGHT. According to mythology (Hesiod's _Theog_., 123), one of +the first things created, the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Ęther (sky) +and Hemera (day); also of Deceit, Strife, Old Age, and Vengeance. See xxii +and xxvii. + +202. ON GRONING BEARE, on a bier with groaning friends around. + +204. O WHAT OF GODS, etc., O what is it to be born of gods, if old +Aveugle's (the father of the three Saracens) sons are so ill treated. + +219. AND GOOD SUCCESSES, etc., and good results which follow their foes. + +221. OR BREAKE THE CHAYNE, refers to Jove's proposition to fasten a golden +chain to the earth by which to test his strength. Homer's _Iliad_, viii, +19. Cf. Milton's _Paradise Lost_, ii, 1051. + +225. BAD EXCHEAT, bad gain by exchange. _Escheat_ is an old legal term, +meaning any lands or goods which fall to the lord of a fief by forfeiture. +Cf. "rob Peter to pay Paul." + +229. SHALL WITH HIS OWNE BLOUD, etc., shall pay the price of the blood that +he has spilt with his own. + +263. Here Spenser imitates Homer's _Odyssey_, xvi, 163. + +267. THE GHASTLY OWLE. The poet follows the Latin rather than the Greek +poets, who regard the owl as the bird of wisdom. + +273. OF DEEP AVERNUS HOLE. Avernus in the poets is a cavern (in an ancient +crater), supposed to be the entrance to the infernal regions. Cf. Vergil's +_Ęneid_, vi, 237. In Strabo's Geography it is a lake in Campania. + +298. CERBERUS, the dog which guarded the lower regions. This stanza is an +imitation of Vergil's _Ęneid_, vi, 417 _seq_. In Dante's _Inferno_ Vergil +appeases him by casting handfuls of earth into his maw. + +xxxv. In this stanza we see the influence of Homer and Vergil. Ixion, the +king of Lapithę, was chained by order of Zeus to a fiery-winged wheel for +aspiring to the love of the goddess Hera (Juno). Sisyphus had to roll a +huge stone forever up a hill for betraying the designs of the gods. +Tantalus, for divulging the secrets of Zeus, was condemned to stand +tormented by thirst in a lake. Tityus, for an assault on Artemis, was +pinioned to the ground with two vultures plucking at his vitals. Typhoeus, +a hundred-headed giant, was slain by Zeus' thunderbolt, and buried under +Ętna. The gin on which he was tortured was probably the rack of the Middle +Ages. Cf. the bed of Procrustes. Theseus, for attempting to carry off +Persephone, was fixed to a rock in Tartarus. The "fifty sisters" are the +fifty Danaides, who, for slaying their husbands, were condemned to pour +water forever into a vessel full of holes. + +322. SAD AESCULAPIUS, the god of medicine, slain by Zeus for arresting +death and diseases. + +354. AND FATES EXPIRED, and the threads of life which the fates (Parcę) had +severed. + +387. GREAT PAINES, AND GREATER PRAISE, etc. His praise, like his pain, is +to be eternal. + +xlvii. This list of the thralls of Pride is in imitation of a similar one +in Chaucer's _Monk's Tale_, which was based on Boccaccio's _De Casibus +Illustrium Virorum_. + +415. PROUD KING OF BABYLON, Nebuchadnezzar. See _Daniel_, iii and iv. + +420. KING CROESUS, the last king of Lydia, who was overthrown by Cyrus in +B.C. 646. _Herodotus_, i, 26. + +422. PROUD ANTIOCHUS, Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria, who captured +Jerusalem twice, and defiled God's altar. He died raving mad B.C. 164. +Josephus, _Antiquities of the Jews_, xiii, 5-9. + +424. GREAT NIMROD, "the mighty hunter" (_Genesis_, x, 8), whose game, +according to Spenser, was man. Josephus tells us that through pride he +built the tower of Babel. + +426. OLD NINUS, the legendary founder of Nineveh, and put to death by his +wife, Semiramis. + +428. THAT MIGHTY MONARCH, Alexander the Great (B.C. 366-323), king of +Macedon. While consulting the oracle of Jupiter Ammon in the Libyan desert +he was saluted by the priests as "Ammons Sonne." He died either of poison +(Plutarch) or of excessive drink (Diodorus). + +437. GREAT ROMULUS, legendary founder of Rome (B.C. 753). See Livy, i, 16. + +438. PROUD TARQUIN, Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome. He was +banished B.C. 510. + +438. TOO LORDLY LENTULUS, surnamed Sura, member of a haughty patrician +family, who conspired with Catiline, and was strangled B.C. 62. + +439. STOUT SCIPIO, Cornelius Scipio Africanus (B.C. 287?-183?), the +conqueror of Hannibal, and self-exiled from Rome. Livy speaks of his +inordinate pride, xxxviii, 50. + +439. STUBBORNE HANNIBALL (B.C. 247-183), the great Carthaginian general, +who died by poison to avoid falling into the hands of the Romans. + +440. AMBITIOUS SYLLA (B.C. 138-78), Cornelius Sulla, the Dictator, who died +a loathsome death. + +440. STERNE MARIUS (B.C. 157-86), after being seven times consul, he was +obliged to take refuge from his rival Sulla amid the ruins of Carthage. + +441. HIGH CAESAR, Caius Julius Caesar (B.C. 100-44), who was murdered by +Brutus and other conspirators. + +441. GREAT POMPEY. Cn. Pompeius Magnus (B.C. 106-48). After his defeat at +Pharsalia, he fled to Egypt, where he was murdered. + +441. FIERCE ANTONIUS, Marcus (B.C. 83-30), the great triumvir, who after +his defeat at Actium killed himself in Egypt. + +444. THE BOLD SEMIRAMIS, the legendary queen of Assyria. + +446. FAIRE STHENOBOEA, the wife of Proteus, who on account of her +unrequited love for Bellerophon, died by hemlock. Aristophanes' _Frogs_, +1049 _seq_. + +448. HIGH MINDED CLEOPATRA (B.C. 69-30), the beautiful queen of Egypt, who +is said by Plutarch to have died in the manner mentioned. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto V) + +1. How did Redcross spend the night before the fight with Sansjoy? + +2. Study in detail the fine description of Duessa's descent to Erebus. + +3. What elements of beauty are seen in the description of dawn and sunrise +in ii? and compare _Psalms_, xix, 5. 4. What arbitrary classification of +musicians does Spenser make in iii? 5. Who is the _far renowmed Queene_ in +v? 6. Describe the joust between the Knight and Sansjoy. 7. Where do you +learn of the laws governing such contests? 8. Observe the dramatic way in +which Duessa saves Sansjoy. 9. What dramatic stroke in xxvii? 10. Describe +Night and her team. 11. Give an account of her descent to Erebus with +Sansjoy. 12. What were some of the tortures of the damned? 13. What effect +is produced in xxx and how? 14. Point out some instances in which Spenser +has imitated Homer--Vergil. + +15. Where does he follow the Latin rather than the Greek poets? + +16. Why did Ęsculapius hesitate to heal Sansjoy? 17. Whom did the dwarf see +in the dungeons of Pride? 18. Why did the Knight flee from the House of +Pride? + +19. Examine the following grammatical forms: _maken_, l. 22; _woundes_, l. +400. 20. What _figure of speech_ is employed in xviii? 21. What +illustration is used in viii? 22. Find example of _balanced structure_ in +vii; _alliteration_ in viii, xv, xviii. 23. Scan l. 23. 24. Note nom. abs. +construction in xlv. + +25. Paraphrase the involved constructions in xlii, xix, viii, xxxvi. + +CANTO VI + +I. _The Plot_: (Continuation of Canto III). Una is delivered from Sansloy +by a band of Satyrs. She remains with them as their teacher. There a knight +of the wild-wood, Sir Satyrane, discovers her, and by his assistance, Una +succeeds in making her way out of the forest to the plain. On the way they +meet Archimago, disguised as a pilgrim, and he deceives them and leads them +to Sansloy. While Sir Satyrane and Sansloy are engaged in a bloody battle, +Una flees. She is pursued by Archimago but makes her escape. + +II. _The Allegory_: 1. Truth is saved from destruction by Lawless Violence +(Sansloy) by the aid of Barbarism or Savage Instinct, which terrorizes +Lawlessness but offers natural homage to Truth. Truth finds a temporary +home among Ignorant and Rude Folk (Satyrs) and in return imparts divine +truth to their unregenerate minds. Natural Heroism or Manly Courage (Sir +Satyrane) sides with Truth and defends it against Lawlessness. + +2. The religious allegory signifies the extension of Protestantism through +the outlying rural districts of England and in Ireland. Upton thinks that +Sir Satyrane represents "Sir John Perrot, whose behaviour, though honest, +was too coarse and rude for a court. 'Twas well known that he was a son of +Henry VIII." Holinshed says that as Lord President of Munster, Sir John +secured such peace and security that a man might travel in Ireland with a +white stick only in his hand. + +16. FROM ONE TO OTHER YND, from the East to the West Indies. + +61. A TROUPE OF FAUNES AND SATYRES. The Fauns were the wood-gods of the +Romans, the Satyrs the wood-gods of the Greeks. They were half human, half +goat, and represented the luxuriant powers of nature. + +63. OLD SYLVANUS, the Roman god of fields and woods, young and fond of +animal pleasures. Spenser represents him as a feeble but sensuous old man. + +90. WITH CHAUNGE OF FEARE, from the wolf to the lion. + +96. RUSTICK HORROR, bristling hair. + +99. THEIR BACKWARD BENT KNEES, like the hinder legs of a goat. + +101. THEIR BARBAROUS TRUTH, their savage honor. + +103. LATE LEARND, having been recently taught. She had shown too "hasty +trust" in Archimago. + +112. WITHOUT SUSPECT OF CRIME, without suspicion of blame. + +117. The olive is the emblem of peace, as the ivy (l. 126) is of +sensuousness. + +120. WITH THEIR HORNED FEET, with their hoofs. + +128. OR BACCHUS MERRY FRUIT, etc., whether they did discover grapes. + +129. OR CYBELES FRANTICKE RITES, the wild dances of the Corybantes, +priestesses of Cybele, or Rhea, the wife of Chronos and mother of the gods. + +132. THAT MIRRHOUR RARE, that model of beauty. So Sidney was called "the +mirror of chivalry." + +134. FAIRE DRYOPE, a princess of Ęchalia, who became a forest nymph. +Pholoe, mentioned in l. 135, is probably a fictitious creation of the +author's. + +146. DEAREST CYPARISSE, a youth of Cea, who accidentally killed his +favorite stag and dying of grief was changed into a cypress. He was beloved +by Apollo and Sylvanus. + +148. NOT FAIRE TO THIS, i.e. compared to this. + +152. N'OULD AFTER JOY, would not afterwards be cheerful. + +153. SELFE-WILD ANNOY, self-willed distress. + +154. FAIRE HAMADRYADES, the nymphs who dwelt in the forest trees and died +with them. + +156. LIGHT-FOOT NAIADES, the fresh water nymphs, companions of the fauns +and satyrs. + +161. THEIR WOODY KIND, the wood-born creatures of their own kind, e.g. +nymphs or satyrs. + +163. Una was "luckelesse" in having lost her knights, but "lucky" in the +friendship of the Satyrs. Note the Euphuistic phrasing. + +169. IDOLATRYES. The allegory has reference to the idolatrous practices of +the ignorant primitive Christians, such as the worship of images of the +Saints, the pageant of the wooden ass during Lent (see _Matthew_, xxi, and +Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, i, 124), and the Feast of the Ass (see +_Matthew_, ii, 14). + +172. A NOBLE WARLIKE KNIGHT, Sir Satyrane, in whom are united rude untaught +chivalry and woodland savagery. He represents natural heroism and +instinctive love of truth. + +173. BY JUST OCCASION, just at the right moment. + +184. THYAMIS is the symbol of Animal Passion; LABRYDE of the lower +appetites; THERION, the human wild beast, who deserts his wife. + +xxiv. This account of Sir Satyrane's education is based on that of Rogero +by his uncle Atlante in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, vii, 5, 7. + +213. MAISTER OF HIS GUISE, his instructor. + +214. AT HIS HORRID VEW, his shaggy, uncouth appearance. + +256. HIS FAMOUS WORTH WAS BLOWN, i.e. blazoned by Fame's trumpet. + +308. A JACOBS STAFFE. According to Nares, "A pilgrim's staff; either from +the frequent pilgrimages to St. James of Comfortella (in Galicia), or +because the apostle St. James is usually represented with one." + +371. See Canto III, xxxviii, where Archimago was disguised as St. George. + +372. TH' ENCHAUNTER VAINE, etc., the foolish enchanter (Archimago) would +not have rued his (St. George's) crime (i.e. slaying Sansfoy). + +373. BUT THEM HIS ERROUR SHALT, etc., thou shalt by thy death pay the +penalty of his crime and thus prove that he was really guilty. A very +obscure passage. Look up the original meaning of _shall_. + +386. This simile is found frequently in the old romances. Cf. Malory's +_Morte d'Arthur_, ii, 104, and Chaucer's _Knight's Tale_, l. 1160. + +416. According to a usage of chivalry, the lover wore a glove, sleeve, +kerchief, or other token of his lady-love on his helmet. By "lover's token" +Sansloy ironically means a blow. + +425. TO HER LAST DECAY, to her utter ruin. + +426. Spenser leaves the fight between Sansloy and Sir Satyrane unfinished. +Both warriors appear in later books of the _Faerie Queene_. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto VI) + +1. Who rescued Una from Sansloy? 2. How does Una repay their kindness? 3. +How was she treated by them? 4. Explain the references to the various +classes of nymphs. 5. Look up the classical references in xvi and xviii. 6. +Why is Una described as "luckelesse lucky"? 7. What customs of the early +Christians are referred to in xix? 8. What does Sir Satyrane symbolize in +the allegory? 9. What was his character and education? 10. Note the +Elizabethan conception of the goddess Fortune in xxxi. 11. Did Una act +ungratefully in leaving the Satyrs as she did? 12. Who is the _weary wight_ +in xxxiv? 13. What news of St. George did he give? Was it true? 14. Who is +the Paynim mentioned in xl? 15. Note Euphuistic antithesis in xlii. 16. +Explain the figures in iv, vi, x, xliv. 17. Paraphrase ll. 289, 296. 18. +Find _Latinisms_ in xxv; xxvi; xxviii; xxxi; and xxxvii. 19. Describe the +fight at the end of the Canto. + +CANTO VII + +I. _The Plot:_ (Continuation of Canto V). Duessa pursues the Redcross +Knight, and overtakes him sitting by an enchanted fountain, weary and +disarmed. He is beguiled into drinking from the fountain, and is quickly +deprived of strength. In this unnerved and unarmed condition he is suddenly +set upon by the giant Orgoglio. After a hopeless struggle he is struck down +by the giant's club and is thrust into a dungeon. Una is informed by the +dwarf of the Knight's misfortune and is prostrated with grief. Meeting +Prince Arthur, she is persuaded to tell her story and receives promise of +his assistance. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The Christian soldier, beguiled by Falsehood, doffs +the armor of God, and indulges in sinful pleasures, and loses his purity. +He then quickly falls into the power of Carnal Pride, or the brutal tyranny +of False Religion (Orgoglio). He can then be restored only by an appeal to +the Highest Honor or Magnificence (Prince Arthur) through the good offices +of Truth and Common Sense. + +2. In the reaction from the Reformation, Protestant England by dallying +with Romanism (Duessa, Mary Queen of Scots) falls under the tyrannic power +of the Pope (Orgoglio), with whom Catholic England was coquetting. At this +juncture National Honor and Consciousness comes to the relief of +Protestantism. There is personal compliment to either Lord Leicester or Sir +Philip Sidney. + +19. HE FEEDES UPON, he enjoys. A Latinism: cf. Vergil's _Ęneid_, iii. + +37. PHOEBE, a surname of Diana, or Artemis, the goddess of the moon. + +45. Spenser probably takes the suggestion from the fountain in the gardens +of Armida in Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, xiv, 74. Cf. also the fountain +of Salmacis in Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, xv, 819 _seq_. + +56. POURD OUT, a metaphor borrowed from Euripides (_Herac._, 75) and Vergil +(_Ęneid_, ix, 317). + +62. HIS LOOSER MAKE, his too dissolute companion. + +67. AN HIDEOUS GEANT, Orgoglio, symbolizing Inordinate Pride, and the Pope +of Rome, who then claimed universal power over both church and state (x). +For a list of many other giants of romance see Brewer's _Handbook_, pp. +376-379. + +104. THAT DIVELISH YRON ENGIN, cannon. The invention of artillery by +infernal ingenuity is an old conception of the poets. There is a suggestion +of it in Vergil's _Ęneid_, vi, 585 _seq._, which is elaborated in Ariosto's +_Orlando Furioso_, ix, 91, which Milton in turn imitated in _Paradise +Lost_, vi, 516 _seq_. So in the romance of _Sir Triamour_. + +112. TH' ONELY BREATH, the mere breath. + +119. DO HIM NOT TO DYE, slay him not; cf. "done to death." + +138. A MONSTROUS BEAST, on which the woman of Babylon sat; _Revelation_, +xiii and xvii, 7. + +139. This refers to the Romish policy of fostering ignorance among its +members. + +140. THAT RENOWMED SNAKE, the Lernęan Hydra, a monster with nine or more +heads, offspring of Typhon and Echidna. It was slain by Hercules. STREMONA +is a name of Spenser's own invention. + +147. The reference is to the cruelty and insensibility of the Romish +Church. + +150. Its tail reached to the stars. _Revelation_, xii, 4. + +155. AND HOLY HEASTS FORETAUGHT, and holy commands previously taught +(them). + +161. HIS FORLORNE WEED, his abandoned clothing. + +165. MONIMENTS, the sorrowful, mournful relics. + +182. SO HARDLY HE, etc. So he with difficulty coaxes the life which has +flown to return into her body. According to the Platonic teaching, the body +is the prison-house of the soul. Cf _Psalms_, cxlii, 7. + +202. BUT SEELED UP WITH DEATH, but closed in death. "Seel" was a term in +falconry, meaning "to sew up" (the eyes of the hawk). + +219. THE BITTER BALEFULL STOUND, the bitter, grievous moment during which +she listens to the story. + +220. IF LESSE THEN THAT I FEARE, etc., if it is less bitter than I fear it +is, I shall have found more favor (been more fortunate) than I expected. + +231. SORROWFULL ASSAY, the assault of sorrow (on her heart). + +236. WAS NEVER LADY, etc., there never was lady who loved day (life) +dearer. + +249. A GOODLY KNIGHT. Prince Arthur, son of King Uther Pendragon and Queen +Ygerne, the model English gentleman, in whom all the virtues are perfected +(Magnificence). According to Upton and most editors, Prince Arthur +represents Lord Leicester; according to another tradition, Sir Philip +Sidney. Could the author have possibly intended in him compliment to Sir +Walter Raleigh? See Spenser's _Letter to Raleigh_. Arthur is the beau ideal +of knighthood, and upon him the poet lavishes his richest descriptive +powers. His armor, his shield Pridwen, his lance Roan, and sword Exculibur, +were made by the great enchanter Merlin in the isle of Avallon. + +259. SHAPT LIKE A LADIES HEAD, an effigy of Queen Elizabeth, the Faerie +Queene. + +260. LIKE HESPERUS, the evening star. Cf. Phosphorus, the morning star. + +268. The dragon couchant was also the crest of Arthur's father, Uther, +surnamed on this account Pen-dragon. The description in this stanza is +imitated from Tasso's description of the helmet of the Sultan in _Jerusalem +Delivered_, ix, 25, which in turn follows Vergil's _Ęneid_, vii, 785 _seq._ + +280. GREENE SELINIS, a town in Sicily. + +284. HIS WARLIKE SHIELD. Spenser here follows closely the description of +the shield of the magician Atlante in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, ii, 55. + +300. SILVER CYNTHIA, the moon. It was popularly supposed that magicians and +witches had power to cause eclipses of the moon. + +304. All falsehood and deception. Truth and Wisdom are symbolized (Upton). + +306. WHEN HIM LIST, when it pleased him. _Him_ is dative. + +314. IT MERLIN WAS. Ambrose Merlin, the prince of enchanters, son of the +nun Matilda, and an incubus, "half-angel and half-man." He made, in +addition to Prince Arthur's armor and weapons, the Round Table for one +hundred and fifty knights at Carduel, the magic fountain of love, and built +Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain. He died spellbound by the sorceress Vivien +in a hollow oak. See Tennyson's _Idylls of the King_. + +326. DID TRAMPLE AS THE AIRE, curveted as lightly as the air. + +335. AND FOR HER HUMOUR, etc., and to suit her (sad) mood framed fitting +conversation. + +355. The subject of _found_ is the substantive clause _who... impart_. + +xli. Observe the antithetical structure of this stanza, both in the +_Stichomuthia_, or balance of line against line, and in the lines +themselves. In this rapid word-play Arthur wins his point by appealing to +Una's faith. + +363. NO FAITH SO FAST, etc., no faith is so firm that human infirmity may +not injure it. + +376. Una, Truth, is the sole daughter of Eden. + +377. WHILEST EQUAL DESTINIES, etc., whilst their destinies (Fates) revolved +equally and undisturbed in their orbits. (Astronomical figure.) + +381. PHISON AND EUPHRATES, etc., three of the four rivers that watered +Eden, the Hiddekel being omitted. See _Genesis_, ii, 11-14. In this stanza +the poet strangely mixes Christian doctrine and the classical belief in the +envy of the gods working the downfall of men. + +385. TARTARY, Tartarus (for the rhyme), the lowest circle of torment in the +infernal regions. + +391. Has this obscure line any reference to prophecy? Cf. _Daniel_, vii, +25, _Revelation_, xii, 6, 14. + +394. THAT HEAVEN WALKS ABOUT, under the sky. + +404. THAT NOBLE ORDER, the Order of the Garter, of which the Maiden Queen +was head. The figure of St. George slaying the dragon appears on the oval +and pendant to the collar of this Order. + +405. OF GLORIANE, Queen Elizabeth. + +407. CLEOPOLIS IS RED, is called Cleopolis, i.e. the city of Glory, or +London. + +425. MY DOLEFULL DISADVENTUROUS DEARE, my sad misadventurous injury. + +429. THAT HE MY CAPTIVE LANGUOR, the languishing captivity of my parents. + +432. MY LOYALTY, i.e. the loyalty of me that rather death desire, etc. + +441. THAT BROUGHT NOT BACKE, etc., (and whence) the body full of evil was +not brought back dead. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto VII) + +1. Relate how the Knight fell into the hands of the Giant. 2. Note the fine +adaptation of sound to sense in vii. 3. Who were the parents and the +foster-father of Orgoglio? 4. What are the principal characteristics of the +giants of romance as seen in Orgoglio? cf. with the giants in _Pilgrim's +Progress_. 5. In the description of the giant do the last two lines (viii) +add to or detract from the impression? Why? 6. To whom does Spenser ascribe +the invention of artillery? 7. Explain the allegory involved in the +relations of Duessa and Orgoglio. 8. How does Una act on hearing the news +of the Knight's capture? 9. What part does the Dwarf play? 10. Is Una just +to herself in ll. 200-201? 11. Is she over sentimental or ineffective--and +is the pathos of her grief kept within the limits of the reader's pleasure? +12. Express in your own words the main thought in xxii. 13. Note the +skillful summary of events in xxvi, and observe that this stanza is the +_Central Crisis_ and _Pivotal Point_ of the whole Book. The fortunes of the +Knight reach their lowest ebb and begin to turn. The first half of the Book +has been the _complication_ of the plot, the second half will be the +_resolution_. 14. Give a description of Prince Arthur. 15. What mysterious +power was possessed by his shield? Cf. the Holy Grail. 16. Observe +carefully the scene between Una and Arthur, noting the changes in her mood. +What light is thrown on her character? What are her feelings toward the +Knight? 17. Explain the various threads of allegory in this Canto. + +CANTO VIII + +I. _The Plot:_ Prince Arthur and Una are conducted by the Dwarf to +Orgoglio's Castle. At the blast of the Squire's horn the Giant comes forth +attended by Duessa mounted on the seven-headed Beast. In the battle which +ensues Arthur wounds the Beast, slays the Giant and captures Duessa. Prince +Arthur finds the Redcross Knight half starved in a foul dungeon and +releases him. Duessa is stripped of her gaudy clothes and allowed to hide +herself in the wilderness. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. Magnificence, the sum of all the virtues, wins the +victory over Carnal Pride, and restores Holiness to its better half, Truth. +With the overthrow of Pride, Falsehood, which is the ally of that vice, is +stripped of its outward show and exposed in all its hideous deformity. + +2. The false Romish Church becomes drunk in the blood of the martyrs. There +is a hint of the persecutions in the Netherlands, in Piedmont, of the +massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day and the burnings under Bloody Mary. +Protestant England is delivered from Popish tyranny by the honor and +courage of the English people. Militant England (Prince Arthur) is assisted +by the clergy (Squire) with his horn (Bible) and is guided by Truth and +Common Sense (Dwarf). + +23. HORNE OF BUGLE SMALL, the English Bible. Spenser here imitates the +description of the magic horn of Logistilla in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, +xv, 15, 53. Such horns are frequently mentioned in romance, e.g., _Chanson +de Roland_, _Morte d' Arthur_, Hawes' _Pastime_, Tasso's _Jerusalem +Delivered_, _Huon of Bordeaux_, _Romance of Sir Otarel_, Cervantes' _Don +Quixote_, etc. + +50. LATE CRUELL FEAST, a probable reference to the massacre of St. +Bartholomew's Day in Paris in 1572, and to the persecutions of Alva's +Council of Blood in the Netherlands in 1567. + +ix. This stanza is an imitation of Homer's _Iliad_, xiv, 414. + +95. IN CYMBRIAN PLAINE, probably the Crimea, the ancient Tauric Chersonese. +Some connect it with the Cimbric Chersonese, or Jutland, which was famous +for its herds of bulls. + +96. KINDLY RAGE, natural passion. + +105. Note the Latinism "threatened his heads," and the imperfect rhyme +"brands." + +118. HER GOLDEN CUP, suggested by Circe's magic cup in Homer's _Odyssey_, +x, 316, and the golden cup of the Babylonish woman in _Revelation_, xvii, +4. + +148. THROUGH GREAT IMPATIENCE OF HIS GRIEVED HED, etc., through inability +to endure (the pain of) his wounded head, he would have cast down his +rider, etc. + +155. IN ONE ALONE LEFT HAND, in one hand alone remaining. His left arm had +been cut off (x). + +xix. The uncovered shield represents the open Bible. The incident is an +imitation of Ruggiero's display of his shield in _Orlando Furioso_, xxii, +85. + +246. YOUR FORTUNE MAISTER, etc., be master of your fortune by good +management. + +268. UNUSED RUST, rust which is due to disuse; a Latinism. + +296. WITH NATURES PEN, etc., i.e. by his gray hairs, at that age to which +proper seriousness belongs. "I cannot tell" did not become his venerable +looks. + +310. THAT GREATEST PRINCES, etc. This may mean (1) befitting the presence +of the greatest princes, or (2) that the greatest princes might deign to +behold in person. The first interpretation is preferable. + +312. A general reference to the bloody persecutions without regard to age +or sex carried on for centuries by the Romish Church, often under the name +of "crusades," "acts of faith," "holy inquisition," etc. + +315. This may refer to the burning of heretics, under the pretext that the +Church shed no blood. Kitchin thinks that it means "accursed ashes." + +317. AN ALTARE, cf. _Revelation_, vi, 9. CARV'D WITH CUNNING YMAGERY, "in +allusion to the stimulus given to the fine arts by the Church of Rome" +(Percival). + +366. BRAWNED BOWRS, brawny muscles. + +375. WHAT EVILL STARRE, etc. In Spenser's day, belief in astrology, the +pseudo-science of the influence of the stars on human lives, was still +common. + +381. There was an old familiar ballad entitled _Fortune my Foe_. + +384. i.e. your good fortune will be threefold as great as your evil +fortune. + +384. GOOD GROWES OF EVILS PRIEFE, good springs out of our endurance of the +tests and experience of evil. + +391. BEST MUSICKE BREEDS DELIGHT, etc. A troublesome passage. Upton and +Jortin emend _delight_ to _dislike_; Church inserts _no_ before _delight_ +and omits _best_; Kitchin suggests _despight_; Grosart prefers the text as +it stands with the meaning that although the best music pleases the +troubled mind, it is no pleasure to renew the memory of past sufferings. I +venture to offer still another solution, based on the context. When Una +shows a desire to hear from her Knight a recountal of his sufferings in the +dungeon, and he is silent, being loath to speak of them, Arthur reminds her +that a _change of subject is best_, for the best music is that which breeds +delight in the troubled ear. + +xlvi. In this passage Spenser follows closely the description of the witch +Alcina in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, vii, 73. Rogero has been fascinated +by her false beauty, and her real foulness is exposed by means of a magic +ring. The stripping of Duessa symbolizes the proscription of vestments and +ritual, and the overthrow of images, etc., at the time of the Reformation. +Duessa is only banished to the wilderness, not put to death, and reappears +in another book of the poem. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto VIII) + +1. What moral reflections are found in i? 2. What were the duties of the +Squire in chivalry? 3. What part does Arthur's Squire play? 4. What does +the Squire's horn symbolize? 5. Observe the classical figure in ix. 6. +Describe the battle before the Giant's Castle, stating what part is taken +by each of the four engaged. 7. Point out several of the characteristics of +a typical battle of romance, and compare with combats in classical and +modern times. 8. What additional traits of Una's character are presented in +this Canto? Note especially her treatment of the Knight. 9. How is the +unchangeableness of truth illustrated in this story? 10. Who is the old man +in xxx _seq._? 11. Who is the _woful thrall_ in xxxvii? 12. In what +condition, mental and physical, is the Knight when liberated? 13. How long +was he a captive? 14. What was Duessa's punishment? Was it adequate? +Explain its moral and religious meaning. 15. Observe the use of _thou_ and +_ye_ (_you_) in this Canto. 16. Find examples of _antithesis_, +_alliteration_, _Latinisms_. + +CANTO IX + +I. _The Plot:_ Prince Arthur tells Una of his vision of the Faerie Queene +and of his quest for her. After exchanging presents with the Redcross +Knight, he bids farewell to Una and her companions. These pursue their +journey and soon meet a young knight, Sir Trevisan, fleeing from Despair. +Sir Trevisan tells of his narrow escape from this old man, and unwillingly +conducts the Redcross Knight back to his cave. The Knight enters and is +almost persuaded to take his own life. He is saved by the timely +interposition of Una. This is the most powerful canto of Book I. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The moral allegory in Canto VII presents the +transition of the Soul (Redcross) from Pride to Sin (Duessa) through +distrust of Truth (Una), and it thus comes into the bondage of Carnal Pride +(Orgoglio). In Canto IX the Soul suffers a similar change from Sin to +Despair. Having escaped from actual sin, but with spiritual life weakened, +it almost falls a victim to Despair through excess of confidence and zeal +to perform some good action. The Soul is saved by Truth, by which it is +reminded to depend on the grace of God. + +2. The allegory on its religious side seems to have some obscure reference +to the long and bitter controversies between Protestantism (Calvinism) and +Roman Catholicism allied with infidelity. + +1. O GOODLY GOLDEN CHAINE, chivalry or knightly honor, the bond that unites +all the virtues. + +18. THANKLESSE, because not knowing whom to thank. + +26. In Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, Arthur is taken from his mother, Ygerne, +at birth, and committed to the care of Sir Ector as his foster-father, i, +3. In _Merlin_ Sir Antor is his foster-father. + +33. RAURAN MOSSY HORE, Rauran white with moss. A "Rauran-vaur hill" in +Merionethshire is mentioned by Selden. Contrary to the older romancers, +Spenser makes Prince Arthur a Welshman, not a Cornishman. + +34. THE RIVER DEE, which rises in Merionethshire and flows through Lake +Bala. + +39. MY DISCIPLINE TO FRAME, etc., to plan my course of instruction, and, as +my tutor, to supervise my bringing up. + +45. IN HER JUST TERME, in due time. + +57. OR THAT FRESH BLEEDING WOUND, i.e. his love for Gloriana. + +59. WITH FORCED FURY, etc., supplying "me" from "my" in l. 58 the meaning +is: the wound ... brought ... me following its bidding with compulsive +(passionate) fury, etc. In the sixteenth century _his_ was still almost +always used as the possessive of _it_. _Its_ does not occur in the King +James Version of the Bible (1611). + +63. COULD EVER FIND (the heart) to grieve, etc. A Euphuistic conceit. + +64. According to the physiology of Spenser's age, love was supposed to dry +up the humors ("moysture") of the body. + +70. BUT TOLD, i.e. if it (my love) is told. + +100. ENSAMPLE MAKE OF HIM, witness him (the Redcross knight). + +113. WHILES EVERY SENCE, etc., while the sweet moisture bathed all my +senses. + +146. NEXT TO THAT LADIES LOVE, i.e. next to his love (loyalty) for +Gloriana. Does the poet mean that allegiance to queen and country comes +before private affection? + +149. WAS FIRMEST FIXT, etc., were strongest in my extremity (in the giant's +dungeon). + +169. A BOOKE, the New Testament, an appropriate gift from the champions of +the Reformed Church. + +182. AN ARMED KNIGHT, Sir Trevisan, who symbolizes Fear. + +189. PEGASUS, the winged horse of the Muses. For note on the false +possessive with _his_, see note on V, 44. + +233. HAD NOT GREATER GRACE, etc., had not greater grace (than was granted +my comrade) saved me from it, I should have been partaker (with him of his +doom) in that place. + +249. AFTER FAIRE AREEDES, afterwards graciously tells. + +267. WITH DYING FEARE, with fear of dying. + +269. WHOSE LIKE INFIRMITIE, etc., i.e. if you are a victim of love, you may +also fall into the hands of despair. + +270. BUT GOD YOU NEVER LET, but may God never let you, etc. + +272. TO SPOYLE THE CASTLE OF HIS HEALTH, to take his own life. Cf. Eliot's +_Castell of Helthe_, published in 1534. + +273. I WOTE, etc. I, whom recent trial hath taught, and who would not +(endure the) like for all the wealth of this world, know (how a man may be +so gained over to destroy himself). + +275. This simile is a very old one. See Homer's _Iliad_, i, 249; _Odyssey_, +xviii, 283; _Song of Solomon_, iv, 11; and Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, +ii, 51. + +286. FOR GOLD NOR GLEE. Cf. for love or money. + +294-296. Imitated from Vergil's _Ęneid_, vi, 462. + +315. AS, as if. + +320. A DREARIE CORSE, Sir Terwin, mentioned in xxvii. + +332. JUDGE AGAINST THEE RIGHT, give just judgment against thee. + +333. TO PRICE, to pay the price of. + +336. WHAT JUSTICE, etc., what justice ever gave any other judgment but +(this, that) he, who deserves, etc. + +340. IS THEN UNJUST, etc., is it then unjust to give each man his due? + +xxxix. Observe the subtle argument on suicide in this and st. xl. + +xli. Spenser here puts into the mouth of the Knight Socrates' argument to +Cebes in their dialogue on the immortality of the soul. Plato's _Phędo_, +vi. + +367. QUOTH HE, Despair. + +403. THY DATE, the allotted measure or duration of thy life. + +408. THY SINFULL HIRE, thy service of sin. + +431. AS HE WERE CHARMED, etc., as if he were under the spell of magic +incantation. + +438. IN A TABLE, in a picture. The horrors of the Last Judgment and the +torments of the lost were favorite subjects of the medięval Catholic +painters. + +468. FIRE-MOUTHED DRAGON. The dragons of romance are all described as +fire-breathing, + +473. THAT CHOSEN ART, a reference to the doctrine of Election. _Mark_, +xiii, 20. + +476. ACCURST HAND-WRITING. A reference to Paul's letter to the +_Colossians_, ii, 14, in which he declares that the gospel of grace has +superseded the law of Moses. + +484. HE SO HIMSELFE HAD DREST, he had thus attempted (to take his life). + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto IX) + +1. Give an account of Prince Arthur's vision of the Faerie Queene. 2. +Interpret his search for her as an allegory of the young man's quest after +his ideal. 3. Observe in xvii an allusion to Spenser's patron, Lord +Leicester, who was a favored suitor for Elizabeth's hand. 4. What presents +did the Knights exchange at parting? 5. Characterize Sir Trevisan by his +appearance, speech, and actions. What does he symbolize? 6. Note the skill +with which Spenser arouses interest before telling of the interview with +Despair. 7. What was the fate of Sir Terwin? Its moral significance? 8. +Describe the Cave of Despair, and show what effects are aimed at by the +poet. 9. Compare with Despair Bunyan's Giant Despair and the Man in the +Iron Cage. 10. Trace the sophistries by which Despair works in the mind of +the Knight, e.g. the arguments from necessity (fatalism), humanity, +cowardice, discouragement and disgust on account of his past failures, +dread of the future, of God's justice, and the relief of death. 11. Does +Despair show knowledge of the Knight's past? 12. With what powerful truths +does Una meet the arguments of Despair? 13. Where do you find reference to +medięval art? + +14. Find examples of _Euphuism_, _metaphors_, _similes_, _Latinisms_, and +_alliteration_. 15. Explain the verb forms in ll. 154, 321, 336. + +CANTO X + +I. _The Plot:_ The Redcross Knight is conducted by Una to the House of +Holiness, where they are welcomed by Dame Coelia and graciously +entertained. The Knight is instructed by Fidelia, Speranza, and Charissa, +the three daughters of Coelia, in his relations to God and his fellow-men. +He is healed in body, and undergoes discipline for his sins. Mercy conducts +him through the Hospital of Good Works, where he sees her seven Beadsmen. +He then with Una climbs the Hill of Contemplation and hears from a holy man +the story of his past with a prophecy of his future, and obtains a view of +the City of Heaven. + +This must be pronounced the most beautiful canto of the first book. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The Soul is brought by the Truth to a knowledge of +the Heavenly Life (Coelia), and is led, through repentance, to seek +forgiveness and to desire a holier life. Having learned Faith and Hope, it +acquires a zeal for Good Works (Charity), and is strengthened by exercising +Patience and Repentance. At last it enjoys a mood of happy Contemplation of +the past with bright prospects for the future. The whole canto sets forth +the beauty in a life of faith combined with good deeds. + +2. The religious allegory presents the doctrine, discipline, and spirit of +Protestantism in the sixteenth century. A close parallel may be drawn +between this canto and many things in Bunyan's _Pilgrim's Progress_. For +his House of Holiness and its management, Spenser has no doubt taken many +suggestions from the great manor house of some Elizabethan gentleman. + +19. AN AUNTIENT HOUSE, the House of Holiness. + +28. DAME COELIA, i.e. the Heavenly Lady. + +33. FIDELIA AND SPERANZA, Faith and Hope. + +35. FAIRE CHARISSA, Charity, or Love. _Cf. I Corinthians_, xiii, 13. + +44. HIGHT HUMILTĄ, named Humility. + +59. AND KNEW HIS GOOD, etc., and knew how to conduct himself to all of +every rank. + +77. EVER-DYING DREAD, constant dread of death. + +78. LONG A DAY, many a long day. + +79. THY WEARY SOLES TO LEAD, to guide thy weary feet (to rescue them). + +xiii. The description of Fidelia is full of biblical allusions, _viz._; her +white robe (_Revelation_, vii, 9); the sacramental cup filled with wine and +water according to the custom of the early Christians (_John_, xix, 34); +the serpent symbolical of healing power (_Numbers_, xxi, and _Mark_, xiv, +24); the book sealed with the blood of the Lamb (_Revelation_, v, 1, and +_II Corinthians_, v, 7). + +144. ENCREASE is in the optative subj. with _God_ as subject. + +172. AND WHEN SHE LIST, etc., and when it pleased her to manifest her +higher spiritual power. These miracles of Faith are based on the following +passages: _Joshua_, x, 12; _II Kings_, xx, 10; _Judges_, vii, 7; _Exodus_, +xiv, 21; _Joshua_, iii, 17; _Matthew_, xxi, 21. + +176. This line is given in the folio edition of 1609, but is wanting in the +edition of 1590 and 1596. + +209. HARDLY HIM INTREAT, scarcely prevail on him. + +213. The absolutions granted by the clergy. + +215. THE PASSION OF HIS PLIGHT, his suffering condition. + +xxx. Percival points out the resemblance between Spenser's Charity and +Andrea del Sarto's famous painting _La Charité_ in the Louvre. + +277. WHOSE PASSING PRICE, etc., whose surpassing value it was difficult to +calculate. + +292. WELL TO DONNE, well doing, right doing. + +318. SEVEN BEAD-MEN, seven men of prayer, corresponding to the Seven Deadly +Sins of the House of Pride. They represent good works: (1) entertainment of +strangers; (2) food to the needy; (3) clothing to the naked; (4) relief to +prisoners; (5) comfort to the sick; (6) burial of the dead, and (7) care of +widows and orphans. + +354. PRICE OF BRAS, ransom in money. _Bras_ is a Latinism from _ęs_. + +355. FROM TURKES AND SARAZINS. In the sixteenth century thousands of +Christians were held captive in Turkish and Saracen prisons, and many of +these were ransomed by the charitable of Europe. Prescott tells us that +Charles V found 10,000 Christians in Tunis at its capture in 1535. + +359. HE THAT HARROWD HELL. The Harrowing of Hell was the medięval belief in +the descent of Christ to hell to redeem the souls of Old Testament saints, +and to despoil the powers of darkness. It is the subject of an old miracle +play. + +374. The reference is to the resurrection from the dead. + +378. I DEAD BE NOT DEFOULD, that I (when) dead be not defiled. This prayer +was answered, for the poet received honorable burial in Westminster Abbey. + +381. AND WIDOWES AYD, i.e. had charge (to) aid widows, etc. + +382. IN FACE OF JUDGEMENT, before the judgment-seat. + +422-423. HIS ... HER, Redcross Knight...mercy. + +430. FOR NOUGHT HE CAR'D, for he cared nought that his body had been long +unfed. + +470. THAT SAME MIGHTY MAN OF GOD, Moses. See _Exodus_, xiv, 16, xxiv, and +xxxiv. + +471. THAT BLOOD-RED BILLOWES, of the Red Sea. + +478. THAT SACRED HILL, the mount of Olives. + +483. THAT PLEASAUNT MOUNT, mount Parnassus, the seat of the nine Muses (l. +485), the patronesses of the arts and of learning. Sacred and profane +literature are beautifully blended in the thoughts of the contemplative +man. + +489. A GOODLY CITIE, the Celestial City, Heaven. The description is +suggested by that in _Revelation_, xxi, 10 _seq._ + +515. THAT GREAT CLEOPOLIS, London, "the city of glory." + +519. PANTHEA, probably Westminster Abbey, in which Elizabeth's ancestors +were buried. + +524. FOR EARTHLY FRAME, for an earthly structure. + +549. SAINT GEORGE OF MERY ENGLAND. St. George became the patron Saint of +England in 1344, when Edward III consecrated to him the Order of the +Garter. Church and Percival say that _merry_ means _pleasant_ and referred +originally to the country, not the people. Cf. Mereweather. + +lxii. Observe that lines 1, 2, 5, 6 are spoken by the Knight, the rest by +Contemplation. + +565. BEQUEATHED CARE, the charge intrusted to thee (by Una). + +579. AND MANY BLOODY BATTAILES, etc., and fought many bloody pitched +battles. + +585. CHAUNGELINGS. The belief in the power of fairies to substitute their +elf-children for human babies is frequently referred to in writers of +Spenser's time. In the _Seven Champions_ the witch Kalyb steals away St. +George, the son of Lord Albert of Coventry, soon after his birth. + +591. GEORGOS, from the Greek [Greek: geōrgós], an earth tiller, farmer. +Spenser borrows the story in this stanza from that of Tages, son of Earth, +who was similarly found and brought up. Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, xv, 553. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto X) + +1. Observe that stanza i contains the moral of Canto IX. 2. What was Una's +purpose in bringing the Knight to the House of Holiness? 3. Why should +Faith and Hope be represented as betrothed virgins, and Charity a matron? +4. Who were Zeal, Reverence, Obedience, Patience, and Mercy, with the +symbolism of each? 5. Who was the door-keeper? Explain the allegory. 6. +Find and explain the biblical allusions in this Canto, which shows the +influence of the Bible to a remarkable extent. 7. In what was the Knight +instructed by Faith (xix _seq_.)? 8. Compare the mood of the Knight in xxi +with that in Canto IX, li. 9. How did the two situations affect Una? 10. +Note the teachings in xxiii (prayer), xxiv (absolution), and xxv +(mortification of the flesh). 11. Observe that Faith teaches the Knight his +relations to God; Charity, those to his fellow-men. 12. Explain the lyric +note in l. 378. 13. Give an account of the knight's visit to the Hill of +Contemplation. Explain the allegory. 14. Find a stanza complimentary to +Queen Elizabeth. 16. What prophecy was made of the Knight? + +CANTO XI + +I. _The Plot_: The Redcross Knight reaches the Brazen Tower in which Una's +parents, the King and Queen of Eden, are besieged by the Dragon. The +monster is described. The first day's fight is described, in which the +Knight is borne through the air in the Dragon's claws, wounds him under the +wing with his lance, but is scorched by the flames from the monster's +mouth. The Knight is healed by a bath in the Well of Life. On the second +day the Knight gives the Dragon several sword-wounds, but is stung by the +monster's tail and forced to retreat by the flames. That night he is +refreshed and healed by the balm from the Tree of Life. On the third day he +slays the Dragon by a thrust into his vitals. + +II. _The Allegory_: 1. Mankind has been deprived of Eden by Sin or Satan +(Dragon). The Christian overcomes the devil by means of the whole armor of +God (shield of faith, helmet of salvation, sword of the Spirit, etc.). The +soul is strengthened by the ordinances of religion: baptism, regeneration, +etc. + +2. There is a hint of the long and desperate struggle between Reformed +England (St. George) and the Church of Rome, in which the power of the Pope +and the King of Spain was broken in England, the Netherlands, and other +parts of Europe. Some may see a remoter allusion to the delivery of Ireland +from the same tyranny. + +13. BE AT YOUR KEEPING WELL, be well on your guard. + +iii. This stanza is not found in the edition of 1590. + +30. AND SEEMD UNEATH, etc., and seemed to shake the steadfast ground (so +that it became) unstable. Church and Nares take _uneath_ to mean "beneath" +or "underneath"; Kitchin conjectures "almost." + +31. THAT DREADFUL DRAGON, symbolical of Satan. Spenser here imitates the +combat between St. George and the Dragon in the _Seven Champions of +Christendom_, i. + +32. This description of the dragon watching the tower from the sunny +hillside is justly admired for its picturesqueness, power, and +suggestiveness. The language is extremely simple, but the effect is +awe-inspiring. It has been compared with Turner's great painting of the +Dragon of the Hesperides. + +42. O THOU SACRED MUSE, Clio, the Muse of History, whom Spenser calls the +daughter of Phoebus (Apollo) and Mnemosyne (Memory). + +56. TILL I OF WARRES, etc. Spenser is here supposed to refer to his plan to +continue the _Faerie Queene_ and treat of the wars of the English with +Philip II ("Paynim King") and the Spanish ("Sarazin"). + +61. LET DOWNE THAT HAUGHTIE STRING, etc., cease that high-pitched strain +and sing a second (or tenor) to my (lower) tune. + +120. AS TWO BROAD BEACONS. Kitchin thinks this passage is a reminiscence of +the beacon-fires of July 29, 1588, which signaled the arrival of the Armada +off the Cornish coast. + +158. HER FLITTING PARTS, her shifting parts; referring to the instability +of the air. + +161. LOW STOUPING, swooping low (to the ground); a term in falconry. + +167. HAGARD HAUKE, a wild, untamed falcon. + +168. ABOVE HIS HABLE MIGHT, beyond the strength of which he is capable. + +172. HE SO DISSEIZED, etc., i.e. the dragon being thus dispossessed of his +rough grip. The construction is nominative absolute. + +185. AND GREEDY GULFE DOES GAPE, etc., i.e. the greedy waters gape as if +they would devour the land. + +187. THE BLUSTRING BRETHREN, the winds. + +228. HIS WIDE DEVOURING OVEN, the furnace of his maw, or belly. + +235. THAT GREAT CHAMPION, Hercules. The charmed garment steeped in the +blood of the Centaur Nessus, whom Hercules had slain, was given him by his +wife Dejanira in order to win back his love. Instead of acting as a +philter, the poison-robe burned the flesh from his body. Ovid's +_Metamorphoses_, ix, 105. + +xxviii. Observe the correspondence between the adjectives in l. 244 and the +nouns in l. 245. The sense is: "He was so faint," etc. + +261. THE WELL OF LIFE. This incident is borrowed from _Bevis of Hampton_. +The allegory is based on _John_, iv, 14, and _Revelation_, xxii, 1. + +267. SILO, the healing Pool of Siloam, _John_, ix, 7. Jordan, by bathing in +which Naaman was healed of leprosy, _II Kings_, v, 10. + +268. BATH, in Somersetshire, a town famous from the earliest times for its +medicinal baths. SPAU, a town in Belgium noted for its healthful waters, +now a generic name for German watering-places. + +269. CEPHISE, the river Cephissus in Boeotia whose waters possessed the +power of bleaching the fleece of sheep. Cf. _Isaiah_, i, 18. HEBRUS, a +river in Thrace, here mentioned because it awaked to music the head and +lyre of the dead Orpheus, as he floated down its stream. Ovid's +_Metamorphoses_, xi, 50. + +295. TO MOVE, moving. This is a French idiom. + +300. AS EAGLE FRESH OUT OF THE OCEAN WAVE, etc. There was an ancient +belief, that once in ten years the eagle would soar into the empyrean, and +plunging thence into the sea, would molt his plumage and renew his youth +with a fresh supply of feathers. + +312. HIS BRIGHT DEAW-BURNING BLADE, his bright blade flashing with the +"holy water dew" in which it had been hardened (l. 317). + +322. NE MOLTEN METTALL IN HIS BLOOD EMBREW, i.e. nor sword bathe itself in +his (the dragon's) blood. + +335. WITH SHARPE INTENDED STING, with sharp, outstretched sting. + +366. THE GRIPED GAGE, the pledge (shield) seized (by the dragon). + +386. MISSED NOT HIS MINISHT MIGHT, felt not the loss of its diminished +strength; i.e. though cut off, the paw still held to the shield. + +xliv. In comparing the fire-spewing dragon to a volcano, Spenser follows +Vergil's _Ęneid_, iii, 571, and Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, iv, 8. + +406. A GOODLY TREE. Cf. _Genesis_, ii, 9, and _Revelation_, xxii, 2. + +409. OVER ALL WERE RED, everywhere were spoken of. + +414. Cf. _Genesis_, iii, 2. Adam and Eve were expelled from the garden lest +they should eat and live forever. + +434. DEADLY MADE, a creature of death, i.e. hell-born. + +469. An imitation of an incident in the _Seven Champions_ in which a winged +serpent attempts to swallow St. George; i, 1. + +477. AND BACK RETYRD, and as it was withdrawn. A Gallicism. + +490. WHICH SHE MISDEEM'D, in which she was mistaken. Una feared that the +dragon was not dead. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto XI) + +1. Describe the three days' fight between the Knight and the Dragon. 2. +What advantages does each gain? 3. Study the Dragon as a type of the +conventional monster of romance, contrasting his brutal nature with the +intellectuality and strategy of the Knight. 4. Study the battle as an +allegory of the victory of mind over matter, of virtue over vice, of +Protestantism over Romanism. 5. By what devices does Spenser obtain the +effects of _terror_? Mystery and terror are prime elements in romance. 6. +Find examples of another romantic characteristic, _exaggeration_. 7. Do you +think that in his use of hyperbole and impossibilities Spenser shows that +he was deficient in a sense of humor? 8. Observe the lyric note in iii and +liv. 9. How does the poet impress the reader with the size of the Dragon? +10. Which Muse does he invoke? 11. Spenser's poetry is richly _sensuous_: +find passages in which he appeals to the sense of _sight_ (iv, viii, xiv), +of _sound_ (iv, ix), of _touch_ (x, xi, vii), of _smell_ (xiii), of _taste_ +(xiii), of _pain_ (xxxvii, xxvi, xxii), of _motion_ (x, xv, xviii). 12. +Where do you find an allegory of baptism? Of regeneration? Of the +resurrection of Christ (the three days)? 13. Analyze the descriptions of +the coming of darkness and of dawn. + +CANTO XII + +I. _The Plot_: The death of the dragon is announced by the watchman on the +tower of the city, and Una's parents, the King and Queen, accompanied by a +great throng, come forth rejoicing at their deliverance. The Knight and Una +are conducted with great honors into the palace. On the eve of their +betrothal, Archimago suddenly appears as Duessa's messenger and claims the +Knight. Their wicked attempt is frustrated, and the pair are happily +betrothed. After a long time spent in Una's society, the Knight sets out to +engage in the further service of the Faerie Queene. + +II. _The Allegory_: Holiness, by conquering the devil, frees the whole +human race from the tyranny of sin. It is embarrassed by the unexpected +appearance of the consequences of its past sins, but makes a manly +confession. In spite of hypocritical intrigues (Archimago) and false +slanders (Duessa), Holiness is united to Truth, thus forming a perfect +character. The champion of the church militant responds cheerfully to the +calls of duty and honor. + +2. Reformed England, having destroyed the brutal power of Rome, is firmly +united to the truth in spite of the intrigues of the Pope to win it back to +allegiance. It then goes forth against the King of Spain in obedience to +the command of Queen Elizabeth. + +3. VERE THE MAINE SHETE, shift the mainsail, BEARE UP WITH THE LAND, direct +the ship toward land. + +25. OUT OF HOND, at once. + +43. OF TALL YOUNG MEN. An allusion to Queen Elizabeth's Pensioners, a band +of the tallest and handsomest young men, of the best families and fortunes, +that could be found (Warton). ALL HABLE ARMES TO SOWND, all proper to wield +armes. + +57. TO THE MAYDENS, to the accompaniment of the maidens' timbrels. + +71. IN HER SELF-RESEMBLANCE WELL BESEENE, looking well in her resemblance +to her proper self, i.e. a king's daughter. + +73. THE RASKALL MANY, the crowd of common people. + +116. OF GREAT NAME, of great celebrity, i.e. value. + +117. FITTING PURPOSE FRAME, held fitting conversation. + +xiv. Kitchin and Percival think this whole passage a clever compliment to +the parsimony of the Queen's court. + +161. THAT PROUD PAYNIM KING, probably a reference to Philip of Spain. + +168. NOR DOEN UNDO, nor undo what has been done. + +173. IN SORT AS, even as. + +205. ALL WERE SHE, although she had been. IN PLACE, in various places. + +313. BAIT. In Spenser's time bear-baiting was a favorite pastime of the +people and received royal patronage. + +328. THE HOUSLING FIRE, the sacramental fire. Spenser seems here to have in +mind, not the Christian _housel_ or Eucharist, but the Roman marriage rites +with their symbolic fire and water. + +347. TRINALL TRIPLICITIES, the threefold three orders of the celestial +hierarchy according to the scholastic theologians. They were as follows: +(1) Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones; (2) Dominations, Virtues, Powers; (3) +Princedoms, Archangels, and Angels. Cf. Dante's _Paradiso_, xxviii, Tasso's +_Jerusalem Delivered_, xviii, 96, and Milton's _Paradise Lost_, v, 748. + +375. HER TACKLES SPENT, her worn-out rigging. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto XII) + +1. Contrast the tone of this canto with the preceding two. 2. When does +Spenser drop into a lighter, humorous vein? 3. Find allusions to sixteenth +century customs, e.g. that of sitting on rush-strewn floors. 4. How was the +Redcross Knight received by the King? 5. Compare Una's costume with that +described in the first canto. Why this change? 6. What hint of the +significance of her name in xxi? 7. What is the effect of Archimago's +appearance? (For dramatic surprise.) 8. What is the effect of Duessa's +letter? (Suspense of fear.) 9. Observe the confusion of Christian and Pagan +rites in this canto. 10. Where does Spenser make happy use of maritime +figures? 11. Explain the allegory of this canto. + + * * * * * + +GLOSSARY + +[The numbers refer to cantos and stanzas.] + + A + +Abide, v, 17, to attend on. +About, i, 11, out of. +Acquite, viii, 1, release, set free. +Addrest, ii, 11, armed, equipped; x, 11, directed. +Advise, i, 33, consider. +Advizement, iv, 12, counsel, advice. +Afflicted, Int. 4, humble. +Affray, iii, 12, terror, alarm; v, 30, to startle. +Affronted, viii, 13, opposed. +Afore, x, 49, ahead, in front of. +Agraste, x, 18, favor, show grace. +Albe, v, 45, although. +All, x, 47; xii, 23, although. +Almner, x, 38, almoner, distributer of alms. +Als, ix, 18, also, quite so. +Amate, ix, 45, dismay, dishearten. +Amis, iv, 18, linen head-dress. +Amoves, iv, 45; viii, 21; ix, 18, moves. +Andvile, xi, 42, anvil. +Apply, x, 46, attend to, add. +Aread, viii, 31, 33; ix, 6, 23; x, 51, 64, tell, explain; xii, 28, advise; + ared, x, 17; explained; areeds, Int. 1, urges. +Arise, vi, 32, depart, rise out of. +Armorie, i, 27, armor. +Arras, iv, 6; viii, 35, tapestry. +Aslake, iii, 36, appease, abate the fury of. +Assay, ii, 13, approved quality, value; vii, 27, trial; viii, 8, assault; + ii, 24; iv, 8; viii, 2; xi, 32, try, assail, attempt. +Assoiled, x, 52, absolved. +Astond, ii, 31; vi, 9; ix, 35, astounded, amazed. +Attach, xii, 35, seize, arrest. +Attaine, ii, 8, reach, fall in with. +Attaint, vii, 34, obscure, discolor. +Avale, i, 21, fall, sink. +Avise, v, 40; viii, 15, perceive. + + B + +Baite, i, 32, feed, refresh. +Bale, i, 16; viii, 4, disaster, destruction; ix, 16, 29, trouble, grief. +Banes, xii, 36, banns of marriage. +Battailous, v, 2, warlike, ready for battle. +Battrie, ix, 11, assault. +Bauldrick, vii, 29, a leather girdle for the sword or bugle, worn pendant + across the shoulder and breast. +Bayes, vii, 3, bathes. +Beades, i, 30, prayers. +Beadmen, x, 36, men devoted to prayer for the soul of the founder of the + charitable institution in which they lived. +Become, x, 16, gone to; became, x, 66, suited. +Bed, ix, 41, bid. +Bedight, xii, 21, adorned. +Beguyld, xi, 25, foiled. +Beheast, iv, 18, command. +Behight, x, 64, name, declare; x, 50, intrusted, delivered; xi, 38, + behot, promised. +Beseemed, viii, 32, suited, was becoming. +Beseene, xii, 5, (good) looking, or (well) dressed. +Bestedd, i, 24, situated, badly off. +Bet, iii, 19, beat; bett, vi, 5. +Betake, xii, 25, intrust to, hand over to. +Bethrall, viii, 28, imprison, take captive. +Bever, vii, 31, the lower and movable part of the helmet. +Bewaile, vi, 1, cause, bring about. Use either forced, or an error (Nares). +Bidding, i, 30, praying. +Bilive, or blive, v, 32, quickly. +Blame, ii, 18, hurt, injury, or blameworthiness. +Blaze, xi, 7, proclaim. +Blent, vi, 42, stained. +Blesse, v, 6; viii, 22, brandish; vii, 12; ix, 28, protect, deliver; + pp. blest. +Blubbred, vi, 9, disfigured or swollen with weeping. +Blunt, x, 47, dim (of eyesight). +Bond, i, 3, bound. +Booteth, iii, 20, 40, profits, avails. +Bootlesse, v, 33, without avail. +Bost, iii, 24, vain glory. +Boughtes, i, 15; xi, 11, folds, coils. +Bound, x, 67, lead. +Bouzingcan, iv, 22, drinking vessel. +Bowrs, viii, 41, muscles. +Bras, x, 40, money, cf. Lat. _aes_. +Brast, v, 31; viii, 4; ix, 21, burst. +Brave, x, 42, fair, beautiful. +Brawned, viii, 41; brawny, muscular. +Breares, x, 35, briars. +Brent, ix, 10; xi, 28, burnt. +Brode, iv, 16, abroad. +Brond, iv, 33; viii, 21, firebrand. +Buffe, ii, 17; xi, 24, blow. +Bugle, viii, 3, wild ox. +Buxome, xi, 37, pliant, yielding. +Bylive, ix, 4, quickly. + + C + +Call, viii, 46, cap, headdress. +Can, iv, 46, an auxiliary verb with preterite meaning; + ix, 5, can=gan, began (Halliwell). +Canon, vii, 37, a smooth, round bit (for horses). +Carefull, v, 52, etc., full of care, anxious, sorrowful. +Careless, i, 41; ii, 45, free from care. +Carke, i, 44, care, sorrow, anxiety. +Carle, ix, 54, churl. +Cast, x, 2; xi, 28, resolve, plan. +Caytive, v, 45, captive; v, 11; viii, 32; ix, 11, base, mean. +Chaufe, vii, 21, chafe, warm by rubbing; iii, 33, 43, vex, heat. +Chaw, iv, 30, jaw. +Chear, ii, 27, 42, face. +Chearen, x, 2, regain cheerfulness, refresh (himself). +Cleare, x, 28, clean. +Cleene, ix, 4, clear, pure, bright. +Compare, iv, 28, collect. +Compel, i, 5, call to aid. +Conceit, conception or design. +Constraint, ii, 8, anguish; vii, 34, binding charms. +Corage, ii, 35, heart. +Corse, iii, 42; iv, 22, etc., body. +Couch, ii, 15, lay (a lance in rest), level, adjust; + couched xi, 9, laid in place (of armor plates). +Couched, vii, 31, lying down with head up, ready to spring. +Counterfesaunce, viii, 49, fraud, imposture. +Court, vii, 38, courteous attention. +Crime, x, 28, sin; xi, 46, cause. +Cruddy, v, 29, clotted. +Crudled, vii, 6; ix, 52, curdled, congealed (with cold). +Cure, v, 44, charge. + + D + +Daint, x, 2, dainty, delicate. +Dalliaunce, ii, 14, trifling, light talk. +Dame, xii, 20, wife. +Damnify, xi, 52, injure. +Darrayne, iv, 40; vii, 11, prepare (for battle). +Deare, vii, 48, hurt, injury. +Deaw-burning, xi, 35, bright with dew. +Debonaire, ii, 23, gracious, courteous. +Defeasaunce, xii, 12, defeat. +Defray, v, 42, appease. +Deitye, iii, 21, immortality. +Derth, ii, 27, dearness, high value. +Deryn'd, iii, 2, diverted, drawn away. +Despight, ii, 6, resentment; iv, 35, 41, etc., malice, spite, contempt; + vii, 49; xi, 17, injury. +Despoile, x, 17, strip. +Devise, xii, 17, plan. +Diamond, ix, 19, adamant, steel. +Dight, vii, 8; iv, 14, etc., arrange, dress, adorn. +Disaventrous, vii, 48, ix, 11, unfortunate. +Discipline, vi, 31, teaching. +Discolourd, vii, 32, variegated. +Discourse, xii, 14, description; xii, 15, to narrate. +Disease, xi, 38, render uneasy. +Dishonesty, ii, 23, unchastity. +Dispence, iii, 30, pay for. +Dispiteous, ii, 15, cruel. +Disple, x, 27, discipline. +Disseized, xi, 20, dispossessed. +Dissolute, vii, 51, weak, unstrung. +Distayned, xi, 23, defiled. +Dites, viii, 18, raises (a club). +Diverse, i, 44, distracting. +Divide, v, 17, play (variations). +Documents, x, 19, doctrines. +Donne, x, 33, to do. +Doom, ix, 38, judgment. +Doted, viii, 34, foolish. +Doubt, vi, 1, fear. +Doughty, xi, 52; xii, 6, strong, brave. +Dragonets, xii, 10, little dragons. +Dreed, or dred, Int. 4; vi, 2, object of reverence. +Drere, viii, 40, sorrow. +Drery, v, 30, gloomy; vi, 45, dripping with blood. +Dreriment, ii, 44; xi, 32, sorrow, gloom. +Drest, ix, 54, prepared, arranged. +Drift, viii, 22, impetus. +Droome, ix, 41, drum. +Drousy-hed, ii, 7, drowsiness. +Dry-dropsie, iv, 23 (meaning doubtful). + (1) Dropsy causing thirst (Warton). + (2) A misprint for _dire dropsie_ (Upton). + (3) A misprint for _hydropsie_ (Collier). +Dye, ii, 36, chance, fortune (lit. a small cube used for gaming). + + E + +Earne, i, 3; vi, 25; ix, 18, yearn, long for. +Edifyde, i, 34, built. +Eeke, v, 42, increase. +Eft, ix, 25, again. +Eftsoones, x, 24, etc., forthwith. +Eke, iii, 21, also. +Eld, x, 8, old age. +Embalme, v, 17, anoint, pour balm into. +Embaye, ix, 13; x, 27, bathe. +Embost, iii, 24, encased; ix, 29, fatigued. +Embosse, xi, 20, plunge. +Embowed, ix, 19, rounded. +Emboyled, xi, 28, agitated, troubled. +Embrew, xi, 36, imbrue, drench. +Empassioned, iii, 2, moved to pity. +Empeach, viii, 34, hinder. +Emperse, xi, 53, pierce. +Emprize, ix, 1, undertaking, adventure. +Enchace, xii, 23, set off in fitting terms. +Endew, iv, 51, endow. +Enfouldred, xi, 40, shot forth (like a thunderbolt). +Engrave, x, 42, bury, entomb. +Enhaunst, i, 17; v, 47, raised. +Enlargen, viii, 37, deliver. +Ensample, ix, 12, witness. +Ensue, iv, 34, pursue; ix, 44, persecute. +Entirely, xi, 32, with all the heart. +Entraile, i, 16, fold, twist. +Envie, ill will, hatred. +Equall, vi, 26, side by side. +Errant, iv, 38; x, 10, wandering (in quest of adventure). +Esloyne, iv, 20, retire. +Essoyne, iv, 20, excuse, exemption. +Eugh, i, 9, yew. +Ewghen, xi, 19, made of yew. +Excheat, v, 25, gain; lit. property forfeited to the lord of a fief. +Extirpe, x, 25, uproot. +Eyas, xi, 34, young untrained hawk, unfledged falcon. +Eyne, eien, eyen, ii, 27, etc., eyes. + + F + +Fact, iv, 34; ix, 37, feat, evil deed. +Fall, ix, 2, befall. +Fare, i, 11, etc., go, travel. +Fatal, ix, 7, ordained by fate. +Fattie, i, 21, fertilizing. +Fayne, iv, 10, gladly; vi, 12, glad. +Faytor, iv, 47; xii, 35, deceiver, villain, sham. +Fearefull, i, 13, alarmed. +Feature, viii, 49, form. +Fee, x, 43, payment. +Felly, v, 34, fiercely. +Fere, x, 4, husband; lit. companion. +Fillet, iii, 4, snood. +Fit, ii, 18, death agony; iv, 34, struggle, passion; xi, 7, musical strain. +Flaggy, xi, 10, yielding, hanging loose. +Flit, iv, 5, crumble away. +Foile, iv, 4, leaf of metal. +Foltring, vii, 24, stammering. +Fond, ix, 39, foolish. +Fone, ii, 23, foes. +Food, viii, 9, feud. +Foolhappie, vi, 1, happy as a fool, "fortunate rather than provident" + (Nares). +Fordonne, v, 41; etc., undone, ruined, wounded to death. +Foreby, vi, 39, near. +Forespent, ix, 43, wasted, squandered. +Foretaught, vii, 18, either + (1) untaught, mistaught, or + (2) taught before, hence, perhaps, despised (Warren). +Forlore, viii, 29; x, 21, forlorn, forsaken. +Forray, xii, 3, ravage, prey upon. +Forsake, xi, 24, avoid. +Forwandring, vi, 34, weary with wandering, or utterly astray. +Forwarned, ii, 18, warded off. +Forwasted, i, 5; xi, 1, ravaged, utterly wasted. +Forwearied, i, 32, etc., tterly weary. +Forworne, vi, 35, much worn. +Fraight, xii, 35, fraught, freighted. +Frame, viii, 30, support, steady. +Francklin, x, 6, freeman, freeholder. +Fray, i, 38, to frighten; ii, 14, an affray. +Freak, iii, 1; iv, 50, whim, caprice. +Frounce, iv, 14, curl, plait, friz (the hair). +Fruitfull-headed, viii, 20, many-headed. +Fry, xii, 7, crowd, swarm. +Funerall, ii, 20, death. +Fyne, iv, 21, thin; v, 28, fine. + + G + +Gage, xi, 41, pledge, the thing contended for. +Game, xii, 8, sport. +Gan, ii, 2, began, often used as auxiliary verb, "did." +Gate, i, 13, way; viii, 12, manner. +Geaunt, vii, 12, giant. +Gent, ix, 6, 27, gentle, gracious, fair. +German, v, 10, 13, brother. +Gest, x, 15, adventure, exploit. +Ghost, ii, 19, spirit. +Gin, v, 35, engine, instrument (of torture). +Gins, see gan. +Girlond, ii, 30, garland. +Giust, i, 1, tilt, joust. +Glitterand, iv, 16; vii, 29, glittering. +Gnarre, v, 34, gnarl, snarl, growl. +Gobbet, i, 20; xi, 13, lump, piece. +Gorge, i, 19, etc., throat. +Gossip, xii, 11, neighbor, crony. +Government, ix, 10, self-control. +Graile, vii, 6, gravel. +Graine, vii, 1, dye, fast color. +Gree, v, 16, favor, good will, satisfaction. +Greedy, viii, 29, eager. +Gren, vi, 11, grin. +Griesie, ix, 35, horrible. +Griesly, ix, 21, grisly, hideous. +Griple, iv, 31, greedy, grasping. +Groome, servant. +Grosse, xi, 20, fast, heavy. +Grudging, ii, 19, groaning. +Gryfon, v, 8, griffin (a fabulous animal half lion, half eagle). +Guerdon, iii, 40, reward. +Guise, vi, 25; xii, 14, guize, mode (of life). + + H + +Hable, xi, 19, able, skillful. +Hagard, xi, 19, wild, untrained. +Hanging, ii, 16, doubtful. +Hardiment, ix, 2; i, 14, boldness. +Harrow, x, 40, despoil. +Haught, vi, 29, haughty. +Heare, v, 23, pass for being so unlucky, in such evil case (Kitchin). +Heast, vii, 18, command. +Heben, Int. 3; vii, 37, of ebony wood. +Heft, xi, 39, raised on high. +Henge, xi, 21, orbit; lit, hinge. +Hew, i, 46, etc., form, countenance; iii, 11, color. +Hight, ix, 14; x, 55, called, was called; intrusted. +Hond, out of, xii, 3, at once. +Horrid, vi, 25; vii, 31, rough, bristling. +Hot, xi, 29, was called; see hight. +Housling, xii, 37, sacramental. +Hove, ii, 37, rose, stood on end. +Humour, i, 36, moisture. +Hurtle, iv, 16, 40; viii, 17, rush, clash together. +Hurtlesse, vi, 31, harmless, gentle. +Husher, iv, 13, usher. + + I + +Imbrew, vii, 47, imbrue, drench. +Impe, Int. 3; ix, 6, etc., child, scion. +Impeach, viii, 34, hinder. +Imperceable, xi, 17, that cannot be pierced. +Imply, vi, 6; xi, 23, infold. +Importune, xi, 53, violent. +Improvided, xii, 34, unforeseen. +In, i, 33, inn, lodging. +Incontinent, ix, 19, at once. +Infected, x, 25, ingrained. +Infest, xi, 6, make fierce or hostile. +Influence, viii, 42, power of the stars. +Intended, xi, 38, armed, stretched out. +Intendiment, xii, 31, attention. +Intent, i, 43; ix, 27, aim, purpose. +Invent, vi, 15, discover. + + J + +Jealous, suspicious. +Jolly, i, 1; ii, 11, fine, handsome. +Jott, x, 26, speck, small piece. +Journall, xi, 31, daily. +Joy, vi, 17, to be cheerful. +Joyaunce, iv, 37, gladness, merriment. + + K + +Keepe, i, 40, heed, care. +Keeping, xi, 2, care, guard. +Kend, xii, 1, known. +Kest, xi, 31, cast. +Kindly, iii, 28, etc., natural, according to nature. +Kirtle, iv, 31, coat, tunic. +Knee, ix, 34, projection (of rocks). +Knife, vi, 38, sword. + + L + +Lad, i, 4, led. +Launch, iii, 42; iv, 46, pierce. +Lay-stall, v, 53, rubbish heap, dunghill. +Lazar, iv, 3, leper. +Leach, v, 17, 44; x, 23, surgeon, physician. +Learne, vi, 25, teach. +Leasing, vi, 48, falsehood, lying. +Leke, v, 35, leaky. +Leman, i, 6; vii, 14, lover, sweetheart, mistress. +Let, viii, 13, hindrance. +Lever, ix, 32, rather. +Libbard, vi, 25, leopard. +Liefe, iii, 28; ix, 17, dear one, darling. +Lilled, v, 34, lolled. +Lin, i, 24; v, 35, cease. +List, ii, 22; vii, 35; x, 20; xi, 10, desired, pleased. +Lively, ii, 24; vii, 20, living. +Loft, i, 41, (doubtful) air, sky, or roof. +Long, iv, 48, belong. +Lore, i, 5, knowledge. +Lorne, iv, 2, lost. +Loute, i, 30; x, 44, bow, stoop. +Lowre, ii, 22, frown, darken. +Lumpish, i, 43, dull, heavy. +Lustlesse, iv, 20, feeble, listless. +Lynd, xi, 10, lined. + + M + +Mace, iv, 44, club. +Make, vii, 7, 15, mate, companion. +Mall, vii, 51, wooden hammer, or club. +Many, xii, 9, troop, crowd. +Mart, Int. 3, mass. +Mated, ix, 12, overcome, confounded. +Maw, i, 20, stomach. +Maynly, vii, 12, violently. +Mell, i, 30, meddle. +Menage, vii, 37, manage. +Ment, i, 5, joined, mingled. +Mew, v, 20, prison, lit. cage for hawks. +Mirksome, v, 28, dark, murky. +Miscreant, v, 13; ix, 49, infidel, vile fellow. +Misdeeming, ii, 3, misleading; iv, 2, misjudging. +Misfeigning, iii, 40, pretending wrongfully. +Misformed, i, 55; viii, 16, ill formed, or formed for evil. +Misseeming, ix, 23; viii, 42, unseemly; vii, 50, deceit. +Mister, ix, 23, sort of, manner of. +Misweening, iv, 1, wrong thinking, wrong belief. +Moe, mo, v, 50, etc., more. +Mortality, x, 1, state of being mortal. +Mortall, i, 15, deadly. +Mote, iii, 29, etc., may, might. +Mought, i, 42, might. +Muchell, iv, 46; vi, 20, much, great. + + N + +Nathemore, viii, 13; ix, 25, none the more. +Nephewes, v, 22, grandchildren, descendants. +Ni'll, ix, 15, will not. +Nosethrill, xi, 22, nostril. +Note, xii, 17, know not. +N'ould, vi, 17, would not. +Noyance, i, 23, annoyance. +Noye, x, 24; xi, 45, hurt, harm. +Noyes, Noyce, vi, 8, noise. +Noyous, v, 45; xi, 50, harmful, unpleasant. + + O + +Offend, xii, 1, injure. +Offspring, vi, 30, ancestors. +Origane, ii, 40, wild marjoram. +Ought, iv, 39, owned, possessed. +Outrage, xi, 40, insult, abuse. +Overcraw, ix, 50, insult, crow over. +Oversight, vi, 1, want of prudence. +Owch, ii, 13; x, 31, jewel or socket in which a jewel was set. + + P + +Paine, xii, 34, labor, treacherous skill; ii, 39, effort; + iv, 15, take pains. +Paire, vii, 41, impair, injure. +Paled, v, 5, fenced off, inclosed with a _pale_. +Palfrey, i, 4; iii, 40, a lady's saddle horse, here Una's ass. +Paramour, i, 9, lover (not in a bad sense). +Parbreake, i, 20, vomit. +Pardale, vi, 26, leopard. +Parted, iii, 22, departed. +Pas, iv, 11, surpass; xi, 15, step, pace. +Passing, x, 24, surpassing. +Passion, ii, 26, 32, deep feeling, lit. suffering. +Passionate, xii, 16, express feelingly. +Payne, vi, 21, pains, labor. +Paynim, iv, 41; vi, 38; xi, 7, pagan, heathen. +Peece, x, 59, something constructed (Cleopolis). +Penne, xi, 10, feather, quill. +Perceable, i, 7, that can be pierced. +Perdie, perdy, vi, 42, French par Dieu, a common oath. +Pere, viii, 7; xii, 17, noble, prince. +Persaunt, x, 47, piercing. +Pight, ii, 42, etc., pitched, fixed, placed. +Pine, ix, 35, wasting away; viii, 40, pined, wasted away through torment. +Plate, vi, 43; vii, 2, solid armor, as distinguished from the coat of mail, + or light chain armor. +Pleasaunce, ii, 30, courtesies; iv, 38; vii, 4, delight, conversational + pleasure. +Point, (1) ix, 41, appoint; + (2) ii, 12, not a whit; + (3) i, 16; ii, 12, (armed) at all points. +Pollicie, iv, 12, statecraft, cunning. +Portesse, iv, 19, breviary, small prayer-book. +Posterne, v, 52, small private gate behind. +Pouldred, vii, 12, powdered. +Pounces, xi, 19, a hawk's claws. +Poynant, vii, 19, sharp, piercing. +Poyse, xi, 54, weight, force. +Practicke, xii, 34, deceitful. +Prancke, iv, 14, display gaudily. +Praunce, vii, 11, strut proudly. +Pray, ix, 30, ravage. +Preace, iii, 3, crowd, throng. +Presently, immediately. +Price, ix, 37, pay the price of, atone for. +Pricking, i, 1; iii, 33, riding, usually rapidly, _i.e._ spurring. +Priefe, viii, 43, trial; ix, 17, proof; x, 24, proved excellence. +Prime, ii, 40; etc., springtime. +Privity, ix, 5, privacy. +Prowesse, vii, 42, bravery. +Prowest, iv, 41; v, 14, bravest. +Puissance, i, 3, etc., power. +Purchas, iii, 16, lit. acquisition, cant term for theft, or robbery + (Nares). +Purfled, ii, 13, embroidered on the edge. +Purposes, ii, 30, conversation. +Purveyance, xii, 13, provision. + + Q + +Quaile, ix, 49, subdue, overpower. +Quayd, viii, 14, subdued. +Quell, xi, 24, disconcert, daunt. +Quight, viii, 10, repay. +Quit, quitt, vi, 6, 10, to free. +Quite, viii, 26, 27; x, 37, repay, return. +Quited, i, 30, return a salute. +Quoth, i, 12, etc., said. + + R + +Raft, i, 24, struck away (from reave). +Ragged, xii, 23, rough, rugged. +Raile, vi, 43, flow. +Ramping, iii, 5, etc., leaping, bounding, erect; ramp, v, 28. +Rapt, iv, 9, carried away. +Rare, ii, 32, thin-voiced. +Raskall, vii, 35; xii, 9, vulgar, base. +Raught, vi, 20, etc., reached. +Ravine, v, 8, prey. +Raw, x, 2, unpracticed, out of training. +Read, i, 13; x, 17, advise. +Reave, iii, 36; xi, 41, snatch away, rob. +Recoyle, x, 17, retreat. +Recreaunt, iv, 41, base, cowardly. +Recure, v, 44, etc., refresh. +Red, vii, 46, etc., declared. +Redoubted, iv, 40, terrible. +Redound, vi, 30; iii, 8, overflow. +Redresse, v, 30, restore, revive, reunite. +Reed, i, 21, notice, perceive. +Reele, v, 35, roll. +Reft, ix, 31; x, 65, snatched away. +Refte, vi, 39; xii, 39, bereft. +Renverst, iv, 41, turned upside down. +Repaire, vi, 30, return home. +Repining, ii, 17, failing (Percival), angry (Upton). +Repriefe, ix, 29, reproof. +Retrate, i, 13, retreat. +Reverse, ix, 48, bring back. +Revoke, vi, 28, call back. +Ridde, i, 36, remove, dispatch. +Rife, iv, 35; ix, 52, much, exceedingly. +Riotise, iv, 20, riot. +Rode, xii, 42, anchorage, harbor. +Rove, Int. 3, shoot (an arrow with an elevation, not point blank). +Round, vi, 7, dance. +Rowel, vii, 37, ring of a bit. +Ruffin, iv, 34, rough, disordered. +Rusty, v, 32, rust-colored, bloodstained, filthy. +Ruth, v, 9, pity, sorrow. + + S + +Sacred, viii, 35, accursed--of ashes used impiously to receive the blood + of the slain (Upton). +Sad, i, 2; v, 20; x, 7; xii, 5, grave, mournful; iii, 10, firm, steady; + i, 36, heavy. +Sallow, i, 9, a kind of willow. +Salvage, iii, 5; vi, 11, etc., wild, woodland (adj.). +Sam, x, 57, together, same. +Say, iv, 31, serge cloth for cloaks (Halliwell). +Scath, iv, 35; xii, 34, hurt, mischief. +Scor'd, i, 2, carved. +Scowre, ii, 20, run fast. +Scryne, Int. 2, chest, or case for keeping books, etc. +Sead, x, 51, seed, posterity. +Sease, xi, 38, fasten; seised, xii, 17, gained, taken possession of. +Seel, vii, 23, lit. sew up the eyes (of hawks), deprive of sight. +Seely, silly, vi, 10; i, 30; ii, 21, simple, innocent. +Seemly, ii, 30, polite. +Scene, v, 16, proved, tested. +Semblaunt, ii, 12, appearance. +Sent, i, 43, perception, sense. +Shadow, represent typically. +Shamefast, x, 15, shy, modest. +Shaume, xii, 13, a wind musical instrument. +Shend, i, 53, shame. +Shew, iii, 10, sign, track. +Shroud, i, 6, 8, shelter. +Single, vi, 12, weak; viii, 12, mere. +Sith, vii, 22, etc., since; sitheng, iv, 51. +Sits, i, 30, becomes, suits. +Slight, vii, 30, device; viii, 23, skill. +Snubbe, viii, 7, knob, snag. +Solemnize, x, 4, rite, solemnizing. +Sooth, iii, 29, truth. +Souce, v, 8, beat. +Soust, iii, 31, drenched. +Sowne, i, 41, sound. +Sperst, i, 39; iv, 48, dispersed. +Spill, iii, 43, destroy. +Stadle, vi, 14, staff. +Stanneries, stannaries, tin mines or tin works. +Starke, i, 44. stiff. +Sted, stedd, viii, 17, etc., place. +Sterne, i, 18; xi, 28, tail. +Stew, xi, 44, warm place. +Stole, i, 4, 45; xii, 22, long robe. +Stound, vii, 12, stunned; vii, 25; viii, 12, 25, 38, moment. +Stowre, ii, 7, etc., distress, peril battle. +Stye, xi, 25, ascend, rise up. +Subject, xi, 19, lying beneath. +Sure, ix, 19, secure. +Swarved, x, 14, swerved. +Swelt, vii, 6, burned. +Swinge, xi, 26, singe. +Swowne, i, 41, heavy sleep; ix, 52, swoon; swound, v, 19. + + T + +Table, ix, 49, picture. +Tackles, xii, 42, rigging. +Talaunts, xi, 41, talons. +Teade, xii, 37, torch. +Teene, ix, 34; xii, 18, grief, trouble, hurt. +Then, x, 10, than. +Thewes, ix, 3; x, 4, manners. +Tho, i, 18, etc., then. +Thorough, i, 32; x, 1, through. +Thrall, ii, 22; vii, 44; viii, 1, subject; v, 45, 51; viii, 32, 37, + prisoner; vi, 6, one in distress. +Three-square, vi, 41, triangular. +Thrill, iii, 42; x, 19; xi, 20, pierce. +Thrist, vi, 38, thirst. +Throw, x, 41, throe, pang. +Tide, ii, 29, time (duration). +Timely, i, 21; iv, 4, keeping time. +Tire, iv, 35, train, rank, company; viii, 40; x, 31, headdress, attire. +Told, iv, 27, counted. +Tort, xii, 4, wrong. +Touch, iii, 2, touchstone. +Toy, vi, 28, sport. +Trace, viii, 31, walk. +Traine, trayne, i, 18; viii, 17; xi, 37, tail; iii, 24; vi, 3, etc., + deceit, wiles. +Transmew, vii, 35, transmute. +Treachour, iv, 41; ix, 32, traitor. +Treen, ii, 39; vii, 26, tree-like, of trees. +Trenchand, i, 17; xi, 24, sharp, trenchant. +Trinall, xii, 39, threefold. +Truncked, viii, 10, truncated, with the limbs cut off. +Trusse, xi, 19, to secure a firm hold on. +Turnament, v, 1, tournament, combat of knights in the lists. +Tway, vii, 27, two, twain. +Twyfold, v, 28, twofold. +Twyne, vi, 14, twist. +Tyne, ix, 15, anxiety, pain. + + U + +Unacquainted, v, 21, unaccustomed. +Unbid, ix, 54, unprayed for. +Uncouth, i, 15; xi, 20, strange. +Undight, iii, 4, unfastened. +Uneath, ix, 38, etc., with difficulty. +Unkindly, i, 26, unnatural. +Unlich, v, 28, unlike. +Untill, xi, 41, unto. +Unty, xi, 41, loosen. +Unwary, xii, 25, unexpected. +Unweeting, ii, 45, etc., unaware, not knowing. + + V + +Venery, vi, 22, hunting. +Vere, xii, 1, veer, change the direction of. +Vew, vi, 25, aspect, appearance. +Vild, ix, 46, vile. +Vine-prop, i, 8, supporting the vine. +Visour, vii, 1, visor, the part of the helmet which protected the eyes. + + W + +Wade, i, 12, walk, go, pass. +Wage, iv, 39, reward, pledge. +Wanton, ii, 13, 14, wild, unrestrained. +Ware, vii, 1, wary. +Warray, v, 48, wage war against. +Wastfull, i, 32, etc., barren, wild. +Wastnes, iii, 3, desert, wilderness. +Wax, iv, 34, grow. +Wayne, iv, 9, chariot. +Wayting, x, 36, watching. +Weare, i, 31, spend, pass. +Weedes, Int. 1; ii, 21, clothes, x, 28, armor. +Weene, i, 10; iii, 41, intend; x, 58, think. +Weet, iii, 6, 11, to know; to weete, iii, 17, etc., to wit. +Welke, i, 23, fade, grow dim. +Welkin, iv, 9, sky. +Well, ii, 43, well-being, health; i, 26, etc., quite, very; + vii, 4, bubble up. +Wex, xi, 1, grow; woxen, iv, 34. +Whally, iv, 34, streaked (Warren). +Whenas, ii, 32, etc., as soon as. +Whereas, vi, 40, where. +Whot, x, 26, hot. +Whyleare, ix, 28, erewhile. +Whylome, iv, 15, etc., formerly. +Wight, ix, 23, 32, person, creature. +Wimple, xii, 22, veil, lit. covering for the neck; + wimpled, i, 4, folded, provided with a wimple. +Wist, v, 27 knew. +Wonne, vi, 39, fought; wonne, vi, 39, dwell. +Wood, iv, 34; v, 20, mad, furious. +Worshippe, i, 3, honor, respect. +Wot, i, 13; wote, ii, 18; ix, 31, know. +Woxen, see wax. +Wreakes, viii, 43; xii, 16, anger, acts of vengeance. +Wreck, xi, 21, destruction, mischief. +Wrizled, viii, 47, wrinkled (Warren). +Wyde, i, 34, distant. + + Y + +Yborne, vii, 10, born. +Ycladd, i, 1; yclad, i, 7, 29; ii, 2; ycled, iv, 38, clad. +Ydle, v, 8, airy, purposeless. +Ydrad, i, 2, dreaded. +Yede, xi, 5, go. +Yfere, ix, 1, together. +Ygoe, ii, 18, ago. +Ylike, iv, 27, alike. +Ymp, see impe. +Yod, see yede. +Younglings, x, 57, young of any animal. +Youthly, vi, 34, youthful. +Ypight, ix, 33, pitched, placed. +Yrkesome, ii, 6, weary; iii, 4, painful. +Yts, vii, 39, it is. + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPENSER'S THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK +I*** + + +******* This file should be named 15272-8.txt or 15272-8.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/5/2/7/15272 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Book I</p> +<p>Author: Edmund Spenser</p> +<p>Release Date: March 7, 2005 [eBook #15272]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPENSER'S THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK I***</p> +<p> </p> +<h3>E-text prepared by Charles Franks, Keith Edkins,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</h3> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + + <h1>SPENSER'S<br />THE FAERIE QUEENE</h1> + + <h2>BOOK I</h2> + + <h3>EDITED WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES<br />BY<br />GEORGE ARMSTRONG WAUCHOPE, M.A., + Ph.D.<br />PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN THE SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE</h3> + + <p class="c"><i>Velut inter ignes luna minores</i></p> + + <h5>New York<br /> + The MacMillan Company<br /> + London: MacMillan & CO., LTD.<br /> + Set up and electrotyped. Published September, 1903</h5> + + <h4>1921</h4> + +<hr /> + + <h2>CONTENTS</h2> + + <div class="noflo"> + <div class="nofblk"> + <p>INTRODUCTION:</p> + <p class="i4">I. <a href="#Intro_I">The Age which produced the Faerie Queene</a></p> + <p class="i4">II. <a href="#Intro_II">The Author of the Faerie Queene</a></p> + <p class="i4">III. Study of the Faerie Queene:</p> + <p class="i8">1. <a href="#Intro_III.1">A Romantic Epic</a></p> + <p class="i8">2. <a href="#Intro_III.2">Influence of the New Learning</a></p> + <p class="i8">3. <a href="#Intro_III.3">Interpretation of the Allegory</a></p> + <p class="i8">4. <a href="#Intro_III.4">The Spenserian Stanza</a></p> + <p class="i8">5. <a href="#Intro_III.5">Versification</a></p> + <p class="i8">6. <a href="#Intro_III.6">Diction and Style</a></p> + <p class="i4">IV. <a href="#Intro_IV">Chronological Table of Events</a></p> + </div> + + <div class="nofblk"> + <p>THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I:</p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#letter">Letter to Sir Walter Raleigh</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#sonnet">Sonnet to Sir Walter Raleigh</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#dedic">Dedication to Queen Elizabeth</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_I">Canto I</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_II">Canto II</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_III">Canto III</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_IV">Canto IV</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_V">Canto V</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_VI">Canto VI</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_VII">Canto VII</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_VIII">Canto VIII</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_IX">Canto IX</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_X">Canto X</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_XI">Canto XI</a></p> + <p class="i4"><a href="#canto_XII">Canto XII</a></p> + </div> + + <div class="nofblk"> + <p><a href="#notes">NOTES</a></p> + </div> + + <div class="nofblk"> + <p><a href="#gloss">GLOSSARY</a></p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr /> + +<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2> +<a name="Intro_I"></a> +<h3>I. THE AGE WHICH PRODUCED THE <i>FAERIE QUEENE</i></h3> + + <p>The study of the <i>Faerie Queene</i> should be preceded by a review + of the great age in which it was written. An intimate relation exists + between the history of the English nation and the works of English + authors. This close connection between purely external events and + literary masterpieces is especially marked in a study of the Elizabethan + Age. To understand the marvelous outburst of song, the incomparable + drama, and the stately prose of this period, one must enter deeply into + the political, social, and religious life of the times.</p> + + <p>The <i>Faerie Queene</i> was the product of certain definite + conditions which existed in England toward the close of the sixteenth + century. The first of these national conditions was the movement known as + the <i>revival of chivalry</i>; the second was the <i>spirit of + nationality</i> fostered by the English Reformation; and the third was + that phase of the English Renaissance commonly called the <i>revival of + learning</i>.</p> + + <p>The closing decade of Queen Elizabeth's reign was marked by a strong + reaction toward romanticism. The feudal system with its many + imperfections had become a memory, and had been idealized by the people. + The nation felt pride in its new aristocracy, sprung largely from the + middle class, and based rather on worth than ancestry. The bitterness of + the Wars of the Roses was forgotten, and was succeeded by an era of + reconciliation and good feeling. England was united in a heroic queen + whom all sects, ranks, and parties idolized. The whole country exulting + in its new sense of freedom and power became a fairyland of youth, + springtime, and romantic achievement.</p> + + <p>Wise and gallant courtiers, like Sidney, Leicester, and Raleigh, + gathered about the queen, and formed a new chivalry devoted to deeds of + adventure and exploits of mind in her honor. The spirit of the old + sea-kings lived again in Drake and his bold buccaneers, who swept the + proud Spaniards from the seas. With the defeat of the Invincible Armada, + the greatest naval expedition of modern times, the fear of Spanish and + Catholic domination rolled away. The whole land was saturated with an + unexpressed poetry, and the imagination of young and old was so fired + with patriotism and noble endeavor that nothing seemed impossible. Add to + this intense delight in life, with all its mystery, beauty, and power, + the keen zest for learning which filled the air that men breathed, and it + is easy to understand that the time was ripe for a new and brilliant + epoch in literature. First among the poetic geniuses of the Elizabethan + period came Edmund Spenser with his <i>Faerie Queene</i>, the allegory of + an ideal chivalry.</p> + + <p>This poem is one of the fruits of that intellectual awakening which + first fertilized Italian thought in the twelfth century, and, slowly + spreading over Europe, made its way into England in the fifteenth + century. The mighty impulse of this New Learning culminated during the + reign of the Virgin Queen in a profound quickening of the national + consciousness, and in arousing an intense curiosity to know and to + imitate the rich treasures of the classics and romance. Its first phase + was the <i>classical revival</i>. The tyrannous authority of + ecclesiasticism had long since been broken; a general reaction from + Christian asceticism had set in; and by the side of the ceremonies of the + church had been introduced a semi-pagan religion of art—the worship + of moral and sensuous beauty. Illiteracy was no longer the style at + court. Elizabeth herself set the example in the study of Greek. Books and + manuscripts were eagerly sought after, Scholars became conversant with + Homer, Plato, Aristotle, and the great tragic poets Sophocles, Euripides, + and Ęschylus; and translations for the many of Vergil, Ovid, Plautus, + Terence, and Seneca poured forth from the printing-presses of London. The + English mind was strongly tempered by the idealistic philosophy of Plato + and Aristotle, and the influence of Latin tragedy and comedy was strongly + felt by the early English drama.</p> + + <p>Along with this classical culture came a higher appreciation of the + <i>beauty of medięvalism</i>. The romantic tendency of the age fostered + the study of the great epics of chivalry, Ariosto's <i>Orlando + Furioso</i> and Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, and of the cycles of + French romance. From the Italian poets especially Spenser borrowed + freely. Ariosto's fresh naturalness and magic machinery influenced him + most strongly, but he was indebted to the semi-classical Tasso for whole + scenes. On the whole, therefore, Spenser's literary affinities were more + with the Gothic than the classical.</p> + + <p>Spenser was also the spokesman of his time on religious questions. The + violent controversies of the Reformation period were over. Having turned + from the beliefs of ages with passionate rejection, the English people + had achieved religious freedom, and were strongly rooted in + Protestantism, which took on a distinctly national aspect. That Calvinism + was at that time the popular and aristocratic form of Protestantism is + evident from references in the <i>Faerie Queene</i>.</p> + + <p>Spenser lived in the afterglow of the great age of chivalry. The + passing glories of knighthood in its flower impressed his imagination + like a gorgeous dream, and he was thus inspired to catch and crystallize + into permanent art its romantic spirit and heroic deeds. Into the + framework of his romance of chivalry he inserted a veiled picture of the + struggles and sufferings of his own people in Ireland. The <i>Faerie + Queene</i> might almost be called the epic of the English conquest of + Ireland. The poet himself and many of his friends were in that unhappy + island as representatives of the queen's government, trying to pacify the + natives, and establish law and order out of discontent and anarchy. + Spenser's poem was written for the most part amidst all these scenes of + misery and disorder, and the courage, justice, and energy shown by his + countrymen were aptly portrayed under the allegory of a mighty spiritual + warfare of the knights of old against the power of evil.</p> + + <p>Spenser's essay on <i>A View of the Present State of Ireland</i> shows + that, far from shutting himself up in a fool's paradise of fancy, he was + fully awake to the social and political condition of that turbulent + island, and that it furnished him with concrete examples of those vices + and virtues, bold encounters and hair-breadth escapes, strange wanderings + and deeds of violence, with which he has crowded the allegory of the + <i>Faerie Queene</i>.</p> + +<a name="Intro_II"></a> +<h3>II. THE AUTHOR OF THE <i>FAERIE QUEENE</i></h3> + + <p>Edmund Spenser was born in London near the Tower in the year 1552. His + parents were poor, though they were probably connected with the + Lancashire branch of the old family of Le Despensers, "an house of + ancient fame," from which the Northampton Spencers were also descended. + The poet's familiarity with the rural life and dialect of the north + country supports the theory that as a boy he spent some time in + Lancashire. Beyond two or three facts, nothing is known with certainty of + his early years. He himself tells us that his mother's name was + Elizabeth, and that London was his "most kindly nurse." His name is + mentioned as one of six poor pupils of the Merchant Taylors' School, who + received assistance from a generous country squire.</p> + + <p>At the age of seventeen, Master Edmund became a student in Pembroke + Hall, one of the colleges of the great University of Cambridge. His + position was that of a sizar, or paid scholar, who was exempt from the + payment of tuition fees and earned his way by serving in the dining hall + or performing other menial duties. His poverty, however, did not prevent + him from forming many helpful friendships with his fellow-students. Among + his most valued friends he numbered Launcelot Andrews, afterward Bishop + of Winchester, Edward Kirke, a young man of Spenser's own age, who soon + after edited his friend's first important poem, the <i>Shepheards + Calender</i>, with elaborate notes, and most important of all, the famous + classical scholar, a fellow of Pembroke, Gabriel Harvey, who was a few + years older than Spenser, and was later immortalized as the Hobbinoll of + the <i>Faerie Queene</i>. It was by Harvey that the poet was introduced + to Sir Philip Sidney, the most accomplished gentleman in England, and a + favorite of Queen Elizabeth.</p> + + <p>Spenser's residence in Cambridge extended over seven years, during + which he received the usual degrees of bachelor and master of arts. He + became one of the most learned of English poets, and we may infer that + while at this seat of learning he laid the foundations for his wide + scholarship in the diligent study of the Greek and Latin classics, the + philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, the pastoral poetry of Theocritus and + Vergil, and the great medięval epics of Italian literature. On account of + some misunderstanding with the master and tutors of his college, Spenser + failed to receive the appointment to a fellowship, and left the + University in 1576, at the age of twenty-four. His failure to attain the + highest scholastic recognition was due, it is supposed, to his being + involved in some of the dangerous controversies which were ripe in + Cambridge at that time "with daily spawning of new opinions and heresies + in divinity, in philosophy, in humanity, and in manners."</p> + + <p>On leaving the University, Spenser resided for about a year with + relatives in Lancashire, where he found employment. During this time he + had an unrequited love affair with an unknown beauty whom he celebrated + in the <i>Shepheards Calender</i> under the name of Rosalind, "the + widow's daughter of the glen." A rival, Menalchas, was more successful in + finding favor with his fair neighbor. Although he had before this turned + his attention to poetry by translating the sonnets of Petrarch and Du + Bellay (published in 1569), it was while here in the North country that + he first showed his high poetic gifts in original composition.</p> + + <p>After a visit to Sir Philip Sidney at Penshurst, Spenser went down to + London with his friend in 1578, and was presented to Sidney's great + uncle, the Earl of Leicester. He thus at once had an opportunity for + advancement through the influence of powerful patrons, a necessity with + poor young authors in that age. An immediate result of his acquaintance + with Sidney, with whom he was now on relations of intimate friendship, + was an introduction into the best society of the metropolis. This period + of association with many of the most distinguished and cultivated men in + England, together with the succession of brilliant pageants, masks, and + processions, which he witnessed at court and at Lord Leicester's mansion, + must have done much to refine his tastes and broaden his outlook on the + world.</p> + + <p>In personal appearance Spenser was a fine type of a sixteenth century + gentleman. The grace and dignity of his bearing was enhanced by a face of + tender and thoughtful expression in which warmth of feeling was subdued + by the informing spirit of refinement, truthfulness, simplicity, and + nobility. He possessed a fine dome-like forehead, curling hair, brown + eyes, full sensuous lips, and a nose that was straight and strongly + moulded. His long spare face was adorned with a full mustache and a + closely cropped Van Dyke beard.</p> + + <p>The <i>Shepheards Calender</i> was published in the winter of 1579 + with a grateful and complimentary dedication to Sidney. It is an academic + exercise consisting of a series of twelve pastoral poems in imitation of + the eclogues of Vergil and Theocritus. The poem is cast in the form of + dialogues between shepherds, who converse on such subjects as love, + religion, and old age. In three eclogues the poet attacks with Puritan + zeal the pomp and sloth of the worldly clergy, and one is devoted to the + courtly praise of the queen. It was at once recognized as the most + notable poem that had appeared since the death of Chaucer, and placed + Spenser immediately at the head of living English poets.</p> + + <p>In 1580 Spenser went over to Ireland as private secretary to Lord Grey + of Wilton, the Artegall of the Legend of Justice in the <i>Faerie + Queene</i>. After the recall of his patron he remained in that turbulent + island in various civil positions for the rest of his life, with the + exception of two or three visits and a last sad flight to England. For + seven years he was clerk of the Court of Chancery in Dublin, and then was + appointed clerk to the Council of Munster. In 1586 he was granted the + forfeited estate of the Earl of Desmond in Cork County, and two years + later took up his residence in Kilcolman Castle, which was beautifully + situated on a lake with a distant view of mountains. In the disturbed + political condition of the country, life here seemed a sort of exile to + the poet, but its very loneliness and danger gave the stimulus needed for + the development of his peculiar genius.</p> + + <p>"Here," says Mr. Stopford Brooke, "at the foot of the Galtees, and + bordered to the north by the wild country, the scenery of which is + frequently painted in the <i>Faerie Queene</i> and in whose woods and + savage places such adventures constantly took place in the service of + Elizabeth as are recorded in the <i>Faerie Queene</i>, the first three + books of that great poem were finished." Spenser had spent the first + three years of his residence at Kilcolman at work on this masterpiece, + which had been begun in England, under the encouragement of Sidney, + probably before 1580. The knightly Sidney died heroically at the battle + of Zutphen, in 1586, and Spenser voiced the lament of all England in the + beautiful pastoral elegy <i>Astrophel</i> which he composed in memory of + "the most noble and valorous knight."</p> + + <p>Soon after coming to Ireland, Spenser made the acquaintance of Sir + Walter Raleigh, which erelong ripened into intimate friendship. A + memorable visit from Raleigh, who was now a neighbor of the poet's, + having also received a part of the forfeited Desmond estate, led to the + publication of the <i>Faerie Queene</i>. Sitting under the shade "of the + green alders of the Mulla's shore," Spenser read to his guest the first + books of his poem. So pleased was Raleigh that he persuaded the poet to + accompany him to London, and there lay his poem at the feet of the great + queen, whose praises he had so gloriously sung. The trip was made, + Spenser was presented to Elizabeth, and read to her Majesty the three + Legends of Holiness, Temperance, and Chastity. She was delighted with the + fragmentary epic in which she heard herself delicately complimented in + turn as Gloriana, Belphoebe, and Britomart, conferred upon the poet a + pension of £50 yearly, and permitted the <i>Faerie Queene</i> to be + published with a dedication to herself. Launched under such auspices, it + is no wonder that the poem was received by the court and all England with + unprecedented applause.</p> + + <p>The next year while still in London, Spenser collected his early poems + and issued them under the title of <i>Complaints</i>. In this volume were + the <i>Ruins of Time</i> and the <i>Tears of the Muses</i>, two poems on + the indifference shown to literature before 1580, and the remarkable + <i>Mother Hubberds Tale</i>, a bitter satire on the army, the court, the + church, and politics. His <i>Daphnaida</i> was also published about the + same time. On his return to Ireland he gave a charming picture of life at + Kilcolman Castle, with an account of his visit to the court, in <i>Colin + Clout's Come Home Again</i>. The story of the long and desperate + courtship of his second love, Elizabeth, whom he wedded in 1594, is told + in the <i>Amoretti</i>, a sonnet sequence full of passion and tenderness. + His rapturous wedding ode, the <i>Epithalamion</i>, which is, by general + consent, the most glorious bridal song in our language, and the most + perfect of all his poems in its freshness, purity, and passion, was also + published in 1595. The next year Spenser was back in London and published + the <i>Prothalamion</i>, a lovely ode on the marriage of Lord Worcester's + daughters, and his four <i>Hymns</i> on Love and Beauty, Heavenly Love, + and Heavenly Beauty. The first two <i>Hymns</i> are early poems, and the + two latter maturer work embodying Petrarch's philosophy, which teaches + that earthly love is a ladder that leads men to the love of God. In this + year, 1596, also appeared the last three books of the <i>Faerie + Queene</i>, containing the Legends of Friendship, Justice, and + Courtesy.</p> + + <p>At the height of his fame, happiness, and prosperity, Spenser returned + for the last time to Ireland in 1597, and was recommended by the queen + for the office of Sheriff of Cork. Surrounded by his beloved wife and + children, his domestic life was serene and happy, but in gloomy contrast + his public life was stormy and full of anxiety and danger. He was the + acknowledged prince of living poets, and was planning the completion of + his mighty epic of the private virtues in twelve books, to be followed by + twelve more on the civic virtues. The native Irish had steadily withstood + his claim to the estate, and continually harassed him with lawsuits. They + detested their foreign oppressors and awaited a favorable opportunity to + rise. Discord and riot increased on all sides. The ever growing murmurs + of discontent gave place to cries for vengeance and unrepressed acts of + hostility. Finally, in the fall of 1598, there occurred a fearful + uprising known as Tyrone's Rebellion, in which the outraged peasants + fiercely attacked the castle, plundering and burning. Spenser and his + family barely escaped with their lives. According to one old tradition, + an infant child was left behind in the hurried flight and perished in the + flames; but this has been shown to be but one of the wild rumors repeated + to exaggerate the horror of the uprising. Long after Spenser's death, it + was also rumored that the last six books of the <i>Faerie Queene</i> had + been lost in the flight; but the story is now utterly discredited.</p> + + <p>Spenser once more arrived in London, but he was now in dire distress + and prostrated by the hardships which he had suffered. There on January + 16, 1599, at a tavern in King Street, Westminster, the great poet died + broken-hearted and in poverty. Drummond of Hawthornden states that Ben + Jonson told him that Spenser "died for lack of bread in King Street, and + refused 20 pieces sent to him by my Lord of Essex, and said He was sorrie + he had no time to spend them." The story is probably a bit of exaggerated + gossip. He was buried close to the tomb of Chaucer in the Poets' Corner + in Westminster Abbey, his fellow-poets bearing the pall, and the Earl of + Essex defraying the expenses of the funeral. Referring to the death of + Spenser's great contemporary, Basse wrote:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Renownčd Spenser, lie a thought more nigh</p> + <p>To learnčd Chaucer, and rare Beaumont, lie</p> + <p>A little nearer Spenser, to make room</p> + <p>For Shakespeare in your threefold, fourfold tomb."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"Thus," says Mr. Stopford Brooke, appropriately, "London, 'his most + kindly nurse,' takes care also of his dust, and England keeps him in her + love."</p> + + <p>Spenser's influence on English poetry can hardly be overestimated. + Keats called him "the poets' poet," a title which has been universally + approved. "He is the poet of all others," says Mr. Saintsbury, "for those + who seek in poetry only poetical qualities." His work has appealed most + strongly to those who have been poets themselves, for with him the + poetical attraction is supreme. Many of the greatest poets have delighted + to call him master, and have shown him the same loving reverence which he + gave to Chaucer. Minor poets like Sidney, Drayton, and Daniel paid + tribute to his inspiration; Milton was deeply indebted to him, especially + in <i>Lycidas</i>; and many of the pensive poets of the seventeenth + century show traces of his influence. "Spenser delighted Shakespeare," + says Mr. Church; "he was the poetical master of Cowley, and then of + Milton, and in a sense of Dryden, and even Pope." Giles and Phineas + Fletcher, William Browne, Sir William Alexander, Shenstone, Collins, + Cowley, Gray, and James Thomson were all direct followers of Spenser. His + influence upon the poets of the romantic revival of the nineteenth + century is even more marked. "Spenser begot Keats," says Mr. Saintsbury, + "and Keats begot Tennyson, and Tennyson begot all the rest." Among this + notable company of disciples should be mentioned especially Rossetti, + Morris, and Swinburne. If we include within the sphere of Spenser's + influence also those who have made use of the stanza which he invented, + we must add the names of Burns, Shelley, Byron, Beattie, Campbell, Scott, + and Wordsworth. When we consider the large number of poets in whom + Spenser awakened the poetic gift, or those to whose powers he gave + direction, we may safely pronounce him the most seminal poet in the + language.</p> + +<a name="Intro_III.1"></a> +<h3>III. STUDY OF THE <i>FAERIE QUEENE</i></h3> + + <p>1. A ROMANTIC EPIC.—The <i>Faerie Queene</i> is the most perfect + type which we have in English of the purely <i>romantic poem</i>. Four + elements enter into its composition: "it is pastoral by association, + chivalrous by temper, ethical by tendency, and allegorical by treatment" + (Renton). Its subject was taken from the old cycle of Arthurian legends, + which were brightened with the terrorless magic of Ariosto and Tasso. The + scene of the adventures is laid in the enchanted forests and castles of + the far away and unreal fairyland of medięval chivalry, and the incidents + themselves are either highly improbable or frankly impossible. The + language is frequently archaic and designedly unfamiliar. Much of the + machinery and properties used in carrying on the story, such as speaking + myrtles, magic mirrors, swords, rings, impenetrable armor, and healing + fountains, is supernatural. All the characters—the knights, ladies, + dwarfs, magicians, dragons, nymphs, satyrs, and giants—are the + conventional figures of pastoral romance.</p> + + <p>The framework of the plot of the <i>Faerie Queene</i> is vast and + loosely put together. There are six main stories, or legends, and each + contains several digressions and involved episodes. The plan of the + entire work, which the author only half completed, is outlined in his + letter to Sir Walter Raleigh. This letter serves as an admirable + introduction to the poem, and should be read attentively by the student. + Gloriana, the Queen of Fairyland, holds at her court a solemn feudal + festival, lasting twelve days, during which she sends forth twelve of her + greatest knights on as many separate adventures. The knights are + commissioned to champion the cause of persons in distress and redress + their wrongs. The ideal knight, Prince Arthur, is the central male figure + of the poem. He is enamoured of Gloriana, having seen her in a wondrous + vision, and is represented as journeying in quest of her. He appears in + all of the legends at opportune moments to succor the knights when they + are hard beset or in the power of their enemies. The six extant books + contain respectively the legends of (I) the Knight of the Redcrosse, or + Holiness, (II) Sir Guyon, the Knight of Temperance, (III) Britomart, the + female Knight of Chastity, (IV) Sir Campbell and Sir Triamond, the + Knights of Friendship, (V) Sir Artegall, the Knight of Justice, and (VI) + Sir Caledore, the Knight of Courtesy. Book I is an allegory of man's + relation to God, Book II, of man's relation to himself, Books III, IV, V, + and VI, of man's relation to his fellow-man. Prince Arthur, the + personification of Magnificence, by which Spenser means Magnanimity + (Aristotle's + <i>μεγαλοψυχία</i>), + is the ideal of a perfect character, in which all the private virtues are + united. It is a poem of culture, inculcating the moral ideals of + Aristotle and the teachings of Christianity.</p> + +<a name="Intro_III.2"></a> +<p>2. INFLUENCE OF THE NEW LEARNING.—Like Milton, Gray, and other + English poets, Spenser was a scholar familiar with the best in ancient + and modern literature. As to Spenser's specific indebtedness, though he + owed much in incident and diction to Chaucer's version of the <i>Romance + of the Rose</i> and to Malory's <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>, the great epic + poets, Tasso and Ariosto, should be given first place. The resemblance of + passages in the <i>Faerie Queene</i> to others in the <i>Orlando + Furioso</i> and the <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> is so striking that some + have accused the English poet of paraphrasing and slavishly borrowing + from the two Italians. Many of these parallels are pointed out in the + notes. To this criticism, Mr. Saintsbury remarks: "Not, perhaps, till the + <i>Orlando</i> has been carefully read, and read in the original, is + Spenser's real greatness understood. He has often, and evidently of + purpose, challenged comparison; but in every instance it will be found + that his beauties are emphatically his own. He has followed Ariosto only + as Vergil has followed Homer, and much less slavishly."</p> + + <p>The influence of the New Learning is clearly evident in Spenser's use + of <i>classical mythology</i>. Greek myths are placed side by side with + Christian imagery and legends. Like Dante, the poet did not consider the + Hellenic doctrine of sensuous beauty to be antagonistic to the truths of + religion. There is sometimes an incongruous confusion of classicism and + medięvalism, as when a magician is seen in the house of Morpheus, and a + sorcerer goes to the realm of Pluto. Spenser was guided by a higher and + truer sense of beauty than the classical purists know.</p> + + <p>A very attractive element of his classicism is his <i>worship of + beauty</i>. The Greek conception of beauty included two forms—the + sensuous and the spiritual. So richly colored and voluptuous are his + descriptions that he has been called the painters' poet, "the Rubens," + and "the Raphael of the poets." As with Plato, Spenser's idea of the + spiritually beautiful includes the true and the good. Sensuous beauty is + seen in the forms of external nature, like the morning mist and sunshine, + the rose gardens, the green elders, and the quiet streams. His ideal of + perfect sensuous and spiritual beauty combined is found in womanhood. + Such a one is Una, the dream of the poet's young manhood, and we + recognize in her one whose soul is as fair as her face—an idealized + type of a woman in real life who calls forth all our love and + reverence.</p> + +<a name="Intro_III.3"></a> + <p>3. INTERPRETATION OF THE ALLEGORY.—In the sixteenth century it + was the opinion of Puritan England that every literary masterpiece should + not only give entertainment, but should also teach some moral or + spiritual lesson. "No one," says Mr. Patee, "after reading Spenser's + letter to Raleigh, can wander far into Spenser's poem without the + conviction that the author's central purpose was didactic, almost as much + as was Bunyan's in <i>Pilgrim's Progress.</i>" Milton doubtless had this + feature of the <i>Faerie Queene</i> in mind when he wrote in <i>Il + Penseroso</i>:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"And if aught else great bards beside</p> + <p>In sage and solemn tunes have sung</p> + <p>Of turneys, and of trophies hung,</p> + <p>Of forests and enchantments drear,</p> + <p><i>Where more is meant than meets the ear</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>That the allegory of the poem is closely connected with its aim and + ethical tendency is evident from the statement of the author that "the + generall end therefore of all the booke is to fashion a gentleman or + noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline. Which for that I + conceived should be most plausible and pleasing, being coloured with an + historical fiction, the which the most part of men delight to read, + rather for varietie of matter then for profite of the ensample." The + <i>Faerie Queene</i> is, therefore, according to the avowed purpose of + its author, a poem of culture. Though it is one of the most highly + artistic works in the language, it is at the same time one of the most + didactic. "It professes," says Mr. Church, "to be a veiled exposition of + moral philosophy."</p> + + <p>The allegory is threefold,—moral, religious, and personal.</p> + + <p>(<i>a</i>) <i>Moral Allegory.</i>—The characters all represent + various virtues and vices, whose intrigues and warfare against each other + symbolize the struggle of the human soul after perfection. The Redcross + Knight, for example, personifies the single private virtue of holiness, + while Prince Arthur stands for that perfect manhood which combines all + the moral qualities; Una represents abstract truth, while Gloriana + symbolizes the union of all the virtues in perfect womanhood.</p> + + <p>(<i>b</i>) <i>Religious or Spiritual Allegory.</i>—Under this + interpretation the Redcross Knight is a personification of Protestant + England, or the church militant, while Una represents the true religion + of the Reformed Church. On the other hand, Archimago symbolizes the + deceptions of the Jesuits and Duessa the false Church of Rome + masquerading as true religion.</p> + + <p>(<i>c</i>) <i>Personal and Political Allegory.</i>—Here we find + a concrete presentation of many of Spenser's chief contemporaries. One of + Spenser's prime objects in composing his epic was to please certain + powerful persons at court, and above all to win praise and patronage from + the vain and flattery loving queen, whom he celebrates as Gloriana. + Prince Arthur is a character that similarly pays homage to Lord + Leicester. In the Redcross Knight he compliments, no doubt, some + gentleman like Sir Philip Sidney or Sir Walter Raleigh, as if he were a + second St. George, the patron saint of England, while in Una we may see + idealized some fair lady of the court. In Archimago he satirizes the + odious King Philip II of Spain, and in false Duessa the fascinating + intriguer, Mary Queen of Scots, who was undeserving so hard a blow.</p> + +<h3>KEY TO THE ALLEGORY IN BOOK I</h3> + +<table summary=""> +<tr><td class="c"><i>Characters</i></td> +<td class="c"><i>Moral</i></td> +<td class="c"><i>Religious and Spirtual</i></td> +<td class="c"><i>Personal and Political</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Redcross Knight</td> +<td class="c">Holiness</td> +<td class="c">Reformed England</td> +<td class="c">St George</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Una</td> +<td class="c">Truth</td> +<td class="c">True Religion</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Prince Arthur</td> +<td class="c">Magnificence, or<br />Private Virtue</td> +<td class="c">Protestantism, or<br />the Church Militant</td> +<td class="c">Lord Leicester</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Gloriana</td> +<td class="c">Glory</td> +<td class="c">Spirtual Beauty</td> +<td class="c">Queen Elizabeth</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Archimago</td> +<td class="c">Hypocrisy</td> +<td class="c">The Jesuits</td> +<td class="c">Phillip II of Spain</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Duessa</td> +<td class="c">Falsehood</td> +<td class="c">False Religion</td> +<td class="c">Mary Queen of Scots,<br />Church of Rome</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Orgoglio</td> +<td class="c">Carnal Pride</td> +<td class="c">Antichrist</td> +<td class="c">Pope Sixtus V</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">The Lion</td> +<td class="c">Reason, Natural Honor</td> +<td class="c">Reformation by Force</td> +<td class="c">Henry VIII, Civil Government</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">The Dragon</td> +<td class="c">Sin</td> +<td class="c">The Devil, Satan</td> +<td class="c">Rome and Spain</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Sir Satyrane</td> +<td class="c">Natural Courage</td> +<td class="c">Law and Order in Ireland</td> +<td class="c">Sir John Perrott</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">The Monster</td> +<td class="c">Avarice</td> +<td class="c">Greed of Romanism</td> +<td class="c">Romish Priesthood</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Corceca</td> +<td class="c">Blind Devotion, Superstition</td> +<td class="c">Catholic Penance</td> +<td class="c">Irish Nuns</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Abessa</td> +<td class="c">Flagrant Sin</td> +<td class="c">Immorality</td> +<td class="c">Irish Nuns</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Kirkrapine</td> +<td class="c">Church Robbery</td> +<td class="c">Religious State of Ireland</td> +<td class="c">Irish Clergy and Laity</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Sansfoy</td> +<td class="c">Infidelity</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Sansjoy</td> +<td class="c">Joylessness</td> +<td class="c">Pagan Religion</td> +<td class="c">The Sultan and the Saracens</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Sansloy</td> +<td class="c">Lawlessness</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">The Dwarf</td> +<td class="c">Prudence, Common Sense</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Sir Trevisan</td> +<td class="c">Fear</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">The Squire</td> +<td class="c">Purity</td> +<td class="c">The Anglican Clergy</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">The Horn</td> +<td class="c">Truth</td> +<td class="c">The English Bible</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="c">Lucifera</td> +<td class="c">Pride, Vanity</td> +<td class="c">Woman of Babylon</td> +<td class="c">Church of Rome</td></tr> +</table> + +<a name="Intro_III.4"></a> + <p>4. THE SPENSERIAN STANZA.—The <i>Faerie Queene</i> is written in + the Spenserian Stanza, a form which the poet himself invented as a + suitable vehicle for a long narrative poem. Suggestions for its + construction were taken from three Italian metres—the Ottava Rima, + the Terza Rima, the Sonnet—and the Ballade stanza. There are eight + lines in the iambic pentameter measure (five accents); + <i>e.g.</i>—</p> + +<pre> + v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- + a gen | tle knight | was prick | ing on | the plaine +</pre> + <p>followed by one iambic hexameter, or Alexandrine (six accents); + e.g.—</p> + +<pre> + v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- + as one | for knight | ly giusts | and fierce | encount | ers fitt +</pre> + <p>The rhymes are arranged in the following order: <i>ab ab bc bcc</i>. + It will be observed that the two quatrains are bound together by the + first two <i>b</i> rhymes, and the Alexandrine, which rhymes with the + eighth line, draws out the harmony with a peculiar lingering effect. In + scanning and reading it is necessary to observe the laws of accentuation + and pronunciation prevailing in Spenser's day; <i>e.g.</i> in + <i>learned</i> (I, <a href="#Int.i">i</a>), <i>undeserved</i> (I, <a + href="#Int.ii">ii</a>), and <i>woundes</i> (V, <a + href="#v.xvii">xvii</a>) the final syllable is sounded, <i>patience</i> + (X, <a href="#x.xxix">xxix</a>) is trisyllabic, <i>devotion</i> (X, + <a href="#x.xlvi">xlvi</a>) is four syllables, and <i>entertainment</i> + (X, <a href="#x.xxxvii">xxxvii</a>) is accented on the second and + fourth syllables. Frequently there is in the line a cęsural pause, which + may occur anywhere; <i>e.g.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"And quite dismembred hath; | the thirsty land</p> + <p>Dronke up his life; | his corse left on the strand." (III, <a href="#iii.xx">xx</a>.)</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The rhythm of the meter is also varied by the alternating of + end-stopped and run-on lines, as in the last quotation. An end-stopped + line has a pause at the end, usually indicated by some mark of + punctuation. A run-on line should be read closely with the following line + with only a slight pause to indicate the line-unit. Monotony is prevented + by the occasional use of a light or feminine ending—a syllable on + which the voice does not or cannot rest; <i>e.g.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Then choosing out few words most horrible." (I, <a href="#i.xxxvii">xxxvii</a>.)</p> + <p>"That for his love refused deity." (III, <a href="#iii.xxi">xxi</a>.)</p> + <p>"His ship far come from watrie wilderness." (III, <a href="#iii.xxxii">xxxii</a>.)</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The use of alliteration, <i>i.e.</i> having several words in a line + beginning with the same letter, is another device frequently employed by + Spenser for musical effect; <i>e.g.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In which that wicked wight his dayes doth weare." (I, <a href="#i.xxxi">xxxi</a>.)</p> + <p>"Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleep them biddes." (I, <a href="#i.xxxvi">xxxvi</a>.)</p> + </div> + </div> + +<a name="Intro_III.5"></a> + <p>5. VERSIFICATION.—In the handling of his stanza, Spenser + revealed a harmony, sweetness, and color never before dreamed of in the + English. Its compass, which admitted of an almost endless variety of + cadence, harmonized well with the necessity for continuous narration. It + appeals to the eye as well as to the ear, with its now languid, now + vigorous, but always graceful turn of phrase. Its movement has been + compared to the smooth, steady, irresistible sweep of water in a mighty + river. Like Lyly, Marlowe, and Shakespeare, Spenser felt the new delight + in the pictorial and musical qualities of words, and invented new + melodies and word pictures. He aimed rather at finish, exactness, and + fastidious neatness than at ease, freedom, and irregularity; and if his + versification has any fault, it is that of monotony. The atmosphere is + always perfectly adapted to the theme.</p> + +<a name="Intro_III.6"></a> + <p>6. DICTION AND STYLE.—The peculiar diction of the <i>Faerie + Queene</i> should receive the careful attention of the student. As a + romantic poet, Spenser often preferred archaic and semi-obsolete language + to more modern forms. He uses four classes of words that were recognized + as the proper and conventional language of pastoral and romantic poetry; + viz. (a) <i>archaisms</i>, (b) <i>dialect</i>, (c) <i>classicisms</i>, + and (d) <i>gallicisms</i>. He did not hesitate to adopt from Chaucer many + obsolete words and grammatical forms. Examples are: the double negative + with <i>ne</i>; <i>eyen</i>, <i>lenger</i>, <i>doen</i>, <i>ycladd</i>, + <i>harrowd</i>, <i>purchas</i>, <i>raught</i>, <i>seely</i>, + <i>stowre</i>, <i>swinge</i>, <i>owch</i>, and <i>withouten</i>. He also + employs many old words from Layamon, Wiclif, and Langland, like + <i>swelt</i>, <i>younglings</i>, <i>noye</i>, <i>kest</i>, <i>hurtle</i>, + and <i>loft</i>. His dialectic forms are taken from the vernacular of the + North Lancashire folk with which he was familiar. Some are still a part + of the spoken language of that region, such as, <i>brent</i>, + <i>cruddled</i>, <i>forswat</i>, <i>fearen</i>, <i>forray</i>, + <i>pight</i>, <i>sithen</i>, <i>carle</i>, and <i>carke</i>.</p> + + <p>Examples of his use of classical constructions are: the ablative + absolute, as, <i>which doen</i> (IV, <a href="#iv.xliii">xliii</a>); + the relative construction with <i>when</i>, as, <i>which when</i> (I, <a + href="#i.xvii">xvii</a>), <i>that when</i> (VII, <a href="#vii.xi">xi</a>); + the comparative of the adjective in the sense of "too," as, + <i>weaker</i> (I, <a href="#i.xlv">xlv</a>), harder (II, <a + href="#ii.xxxvi">xxxvi</a>); the participial construction after + <i>till</i>, as, <i>till further tryall made</i> (I, <a + href="#i.xii">xii</a>); the superlative of location, as, <i>middest</i> + (IV, <a href="#iv.xv">xv</a>); and the old gerundive, as, <i>wandering + wood</i> (I, <a href="#i.xiii">xiii</a>). Most of the gallicisms found + are anglicized loan words from the French <i>romans d'aventure</i>, such + as, <i>disseized</i>, <i>cheare</i>, <i>chappell</i>, <i>assoiled</i>, + <i>guerdon</i>, <i>palfrey</i>, <i>recreaunt</i>, <i>trenchand</i>, + <i>syre</i>, and <i>trusse</i>. Notwithstanding Spenser's use of foreign + words and constructions, his language is as thoroughly English in its + idiom as that of any of our great poets.</p> + + <p>"I think that if he had not been a great poet," says Leigh Hunt, "he + would have been a great painter."</p> + + <p>"After reading," says Pope, "a canto of Spenser two or three days ago + to an old lady, between seventy and eighty years of age, she said that I + had been showing her a gallery of pictures. I do not know how it is, but + she said very right. There is something in Spenser that pleases one as + strongly in old age as it did in youth. I read the <i>Faerie Queene</i> + when I was about twelve, with infinite delight; and I think it gave me as + much, when I read it over about a year or two ago."</p> + + <p>The imperishable charm of the poem lies in its appeal to the pure + sense of beauty. "A beautiful pagan dream," says Taine, "carries on a + beautiful dream of chivalry." The reader hears in its lines a stately and + undulating rhythm that intoxicates the ear and carries him on with an + irresistible fascination, he sees the unsubstantial forms of fairyland go + sweeping by in a gorgeous and dreamlike pageantry, and he feels pulsing + in its luxuriant and enchanted atmosphere the warm and beauty-loving + temper of the Italian Renaissance. "Spenser is superior to his subject," + says Taine, "comprehends it fully, frames it with a view to the end, in + order to impress upon it the proper mark of his soul and his genius. Each + story is modified with respect to another, and all with respect to a + certain effect which is being worked out. Thus a beauty issues from this + harmony,—the beauty in the poet's heart,—which his whole work + strives to express; a noble and yet a laughing beauty, made up of moral + elevation and sensuous seductions, English in sentiment, Italian in + externals, chivalric in subject, modern in its perfection, representing a + unique and admirable epoch, the appearance of paganism in a Christian + race, and the worship of form by an imagination of the North."</p> + +<hr /> + +<a name="Intro_IV"></a> +<h3>CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE</h3> + +<table summary=""> +<tr><td width="45%">EVENTS IN SPENSER'S LIFE</td> +<td>A.D.</td> +<td width="45%">CONTEMPORARY EVENTS</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Birth of Edmund Spenser (about)</td> +<td class="t">1552</td> +<td class="t">Birth of Sir Walter Raleigh</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1553</td> +<td class="t">Death of Edward VI; Mary crowned.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1554</td> +<td class="t">Mary marries Philip of Spain.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1558</td> +<td class="t">Death of Mary; Elizabeth crowned.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1560</td> +<td class="t">Charles IX, king of France.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1568</td> +<td class="t">Council of Trent.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>Visions of Bellay</i>, published,</td> +<td class="t">1569</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>Sonnets of Petrarch</i>, published,</td> +<td class="t">1569</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Enters Pembroke Hall, Cambridge,</td> +<td class="t">1569</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1572</td> +<td class="t">Gregory XIII, Pope of Rome.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1572</td> +<td class="t">Massacre of St. Batholomew.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1574</td> +<td class="t">Henry III, king of France.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Received M.A., leaves Cambridge,</td> +<td class="t">1576</td> +<td class="t">Rudolph II, emperor.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Leaves Lancashire,</td> +<td class="t">1578</td> +<td class="t">Elizabeth aids the Netherlands.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Visits Lord Leicester,</td> +<td class="t">1579</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>The Shepheards Calender,</i></td> +<td class="t">1579</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Goes to Ireland,</td> +<td class="t">1580</td> +<td class="t">Massacre of Smerwick.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1581</td> +<td class="t">Tasso's <i>Jersalem Delivered</i>.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Lord Grey's return to England,</td> +<td class="t">1582</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1584</td> +<td class="t">Assassination of William the Silent.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1585</td> +<td class="t">Sixtus V, Pope. Drake's voyage.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1585</td> +<td class="t">Leicester goes to the Netherlands.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1586</td> +<td class="t">Death of Sir Philip Sidney.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">First marriage (before)</td> +<td class="t">1587</td> +<td class="t">Execution of Mary Queen of Scots.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Clerk to the Council of Munster,</td> +<td class="t">1588</td> +<td class="t">Defeat of Spanish Armada. Death of Leicester.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Visits England with Raleigh,</td> +<td class="t">1589</td> +<td class="t">Assassination of Henry III; Henry IV crowned.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>The Faerie Queene,</i>, Books I, II, III,</td> +<td class="t">1590</td> +<td class="t">Shakespeare's <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i>.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t" rowspan="2"><i>Mother Hubberds Tale, Tears of the Muses, Ruines of Time, Daphnaida, The Visions,</i></td> +<td class="t">1591</td> +<td class="t">Shakespeare's <i>Comedy of Errors, Henry VI</i>.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">1591</td> +<td class="t">Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, trans.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1593</td> +<td class="t">Shakespeare's <i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"></td> +<td class="t">1593</td> +<td class="t"><i>Richard III.</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Second marriage,</td> +<td class="t">1594</td> +<td class="t">Shakespeare's <i>Richard II</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again,</i></td> +<td class="t">1595</td> +<td class="t">Shakespeare's <i>King John</i>.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>Amoretti, Epithalamion, Hymns,</i></td> +<td class="t">1595</td> +<td class="t">Johnston's <i>Seven Champions of Christendom.</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>Astrophel, Prothalamion,</i></td> +<td class="t">1596</td> +<td class="t">Shakespeare's <i>Merchant of Venice.</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>The Faerie Queene</i>, Books I-VI,</td> +<td class="t">1596</td> +<td class="t">Ben Jonson's <i>Every Man in his Humour.</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t"><i>Vision of the Present State of Ireland</i>,</td> +<td class="t">1598</td> +<td class="t">Edict of Nantes, Philip III crowned.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="t">Death of Spenser,</td> +<td class="t">1599</td> +<td class="t">Revolt of Irish. Expedition of Essex to Ireland.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<a name="letter"></a> +<h1>THE FAERIE QUEENE</h1> + +<hr /> + +<h2>LETTER TO SIR WALTER RALEIGH</h2> + + <p>A LETTER of the Authors expounding his whole intention in the course + of this worke;<a name="NtA_1"></a><a href="#Nt_1"><sup>1</sup></a> which, + for that it giveth great light to the reader, for the better + understanding is hereunto annexed.</p> + +<h3>TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND VALOROUS</h3> + +<h2>SIR WALTER RALEIGH, KNIGHT.</h2> + + <p class="c"><i>Lo: Wardein of the Stanneries, and her majesties lieutenaunt of the + countie of Cornewayll.</i></p> + + <p>SIR,</p> + + <p>Knowing how doubtfully all Allegories may be constructed, and this + booke of mine, which I have entituled <i>The Faery Queene</i>, being a + continued Allegorie, or darke conceit, I have thought good, as well for + avoyding of jealous opinions and misconstructions, as also for your + better light in reading thereof, (being so, by you commanded) to discover + unto you the generall intention and meaning, which in the whole course + thereof I have fashioned, without expressing of any particular purposes, + or by-accidents therein occasioned. The generall end therefore of all the + booke, is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle + discipline. Which for that I conceived shoulde be most plausible and + pleasing, beeing coloured with an historicall fiction, the which the most + part of men delight to read, rather for varietie of matter than for + profit of the ensample: I chose the historie of king Arthure, as most fit + for the excellencie of his person, beeing made famous by many mens former + workes, and also furthest from the danger of envie, and suspicion of + present time. In which I have followed all the antique poets historicall: + first Homer, who in the persons of Agamemnon and Ulysses hath ensampled a + good governour and a vertuous man, the one in his <i>Ilias</i>, the other + in his <i>Odysseis</i>: then Virgil, whose like intention was to doe in + the person of <i>Ęneas</i>: after him Ariosto comprised them both in his + <i>Orlando</i>: and lately Tasso dissevered them againe, and formed both + parts in two persons, namely, that part which they in philosophy call + <i>Ethice</i>, or vertues of a private man, coloured in his + <i>Rinaldo</i>: the other named <i>Politice</i>, in his <i>Godfredo</i>. + By ensample of which excellent Poets, I laboure to pourtraict in Arthure, + before he was king, the image of a brave knight, perfected in the twelve + private morall vertues, as Aristotle hath devised: which if I find to be + well accepted, I may be perhaps encoraged to frame the other part of + pollitike vertues in his person, after he came to bee king.</p> + + <p>To some I know this Methode will seem displeasant, which had rather + have good discipline delivered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at + large, as they use, then thus clowdily enwrapped in Allegoricall devises. + But such, mee seeme, should be satisfied with the use of these dayes, + seeing all things accounted by their showes, and nothing esteemed of, + that is not delightfull and pleasing to common sense. For this cause is + Xenophon preferred before Plato, for that the one, in the exquisite depth + of his judgement, formed a Commune-wealth, such as it should be; but the + other, in the person of Cyrus and the Persians, fashioned a government, + such as might best be: So much more profitable and gracious is doctrine + by ensample then by rule. So have I laboured to do in the person of + Arthure: whom I conceive, after his long education by Timon (to whom he + was by Merlin delivered to be brought up, so soone as he was borne of the + Lady Igrayne) to have seen in a dreame or vision the Faerie Queene, with + whose excellent beautie ravished, hee awaking, resolved to seek her out: + and so, being by Merlin armed, and by Timon throughly instructed, he went + to seeke her forth in Faery land. In that Faery Queene I mean + <i>Glory</i> in my generall intention: but in my particular I conceive + the most excellent and glorious person of our soveraine the Queene, and + her kingdome in Faery land. And yet, in some places else, I doe otherwise + shadow her. For considering shee beareth two persons, the one of a most + royall Queene or Empresse, the other of a most vertuous and beautifull + lady, this latter part in some places I doe expresse in Belphoebe, + fashioning her name according to your owne excellent conceipt of + Cynthia,<a name="NtA_2"></a><a href="#Nt_2"><sup>2</sup></a> (Phoebe and + Cynthia being both names of Diana). So in the person of Prince Arthure I + sette forth magnificence in particular, which vertue, for that (according + to Aristotle and the rest) it is the perfection of all the rest, and + containeth in it them all, therefore in the whole course I mention the + deeds of Arthure appliable to the vertue, which I write of in that booke. + But of the twelve other vertues I make XII other knights the patrons, for + the more varietie of the historic: Of which these three bookes containe + three. The first, of the Knight of the Red crosse, in whom I expresse + Holinesse: the second of Sir Guyon, in whome I set foorth Temperance: the + third of Britomartis, a Lady knight, in whom I picture Chastitie. But + because the beginning of the whole worke seemeth abrupt and as depending + upon other antecedents, it needs that yee know the occasion of these + three knights severall adventures. For the Methode of a Poet historicall + is not such as of an Historiographer. For an Historiographer discourseth + of affaires orderly as they were done, accounting as well the times as + the actions; but a Poet thrusteth into the middest, even where it most + concerneth him, and there recoursing to the things forepast, and divining + of things to come, maketh a pleasing analysis of all. The beginning + therefore of my historie, if it were to be told by an Historiographer, + should be the twelfth booke, which is the last; where I devise that the + Faery Queene kept her annuall feast twelve daies; uppon which twelve + severall dayes, the occasions of the twelve severall adventures hapned, + which being undertaken by XII severall knights, are in these twelve books + severally handled and discoursed.</p> + + <p>The first was this. In the beginning of the feast, there presented him + selfe a tall clownish younge man, who falling before the Queene of + Faeries desired a boone (as the manner then was) which during that feast + she might not refuse: which was that hee might have the atchievement of + any adventure, which during that feast should happen; that being granted, + he rested him selfe on the fioore, unfit through his rusticitie for a + better place. Soone after entred a faire Ladie in mourning weedes, riding + on a white Asse, with a dwarfe behind her leading a warlike steed, that + bore the Armes of a knight, and his speare in the dwarfes hand. She + falling before the Queene of Faeries, complayned that her father and + mother, an ancient King and Queene, had bene by an huge dragon many yeers + shut up in a brazen Castle, who thence suffered them not to issew: and + therefore besought the Faery Queene to assigne her some one of her + knights to take on him that exployt. Presently that clownish person + upstarting, desired that adventure; whereat the Queene much wondering, + and the Lady much gaine-saying, yet he earnestly importuned his desire. + In the end the Lady told him, that unlesse that armour which she brought + would serve him (that is, the armour of a Christian man specified by + Saint Paul, V. Ephes.) that he could not succeed in that enterprise: + which being forth with put upon him with due furnitures thereunto, he + seemed the goodliest man in al that company, and was well liked of the + Lady. And eftesoones taking on him knighthood, and mounting on that + straunge Courser, he went forth with her on that adventure: where + beginneth the first booke, viz.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>A gentle knight was pricking on the playne, etc.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The second day there came in a Palmer bearing an Infant with bloody + hands, whose Parents he complained to have bene slaine by an + enchauntresse called Acrasia: and therefore craved of the Faery Queene, + to appoint him some knight to performe that adventure, which being + assigned to Sir Guyon, he presently went foorth with the same Palmer: + which is the beginning of the second booke and the whole subject thereof. + The third day there came in a Groome, who complained before the Faery + Queene, that a vile Enchaunter, called Busirane, had in hand a most faire + Lady, called Amoretta, whom he kept in most grevious torment. Whereupon + Sir Scudamour, the lover of that Lady, presently tooke on him that + adventure. But beeing unable to performe it by reason of the hard + Enchauntments, after long sorrow, in the end met with Britomartis, who + succoured him, and reskewed his love.</p> + + <p>But by occasion hereof, many other adventures are intermedled; but + rather as accidents then intendments. As the love of Britomart, the + overthrow of Marinell, the miserie of Florimell, the vertuousness of + Belphoebe; and many the like.</p> + + <p>Thus much, Sir, I have briefly-over-run to direct your understanding + to the wel-head of the History, that from thence gathering the whole + intention of the conceit, ye may as in a handfull gripe all the + discourse, which otherwise may happely seem tedious and confused. So + humbly craving the continuance of your honourable favour towards me, and + th' eternall establishment of your happines, I humbly take leave.</p> + + <p>Yours most humbly affectionate,</p> + + <p>EDM. SPENSER.</p> + + <p>23 Januarie, 1589.</p> + +<p class="note"><a name="Nt_1"></a><a href="#NtA_1">1</a> The letter served as an introduction to the first three books of the <i>Faerie Queene</i>.</p> +<p class="note"><a name="Nt_2"></a><a href="#NtA_2">2</a> An allusion to Sir Walter Raleigh's poem <i>Cynthia</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<a name="sonnet"></a> +<h3><i>To the Right Noble and Valorous Knight</i>,</h3> + +<h2>SIR WALTER RALEIGH,</h2> + +<h3><i>Lord Wardein of the Stanneryes, and Lieftenaunt of Cornewaile</i>,</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>To thee that art the sommers Nightingale,</p> + <p class="i2">Thy soveraigne Goddesses most deare delight,</p> + <p class="i2">Why doe I send this rustick Madrigale,</p> + <p class="i2">That may thy tunefull eare unseason quite?</p> + <p>Thou onely fit this argument to write</p> + <p class="i2">In whose high thoughts Pleasure hath built her bowre,</p> + <p class="i2">And dainty Love learnd sweetly to endite.</p> + <p class="i2">My rimes I know unsavory and sowre,</p> + <p>To taste the streames, that, like a golden showre,</p> + <p class="i2">Flow from thy fruitfull head, of thy Loves praise;</p> + <p class="i2">Fitter perhaps to thunder martiall stowre,</p> + <p class="i2">When so thee list thy loftie Muse to raise:</p> + <p>Yet, till that thou thy poeme wilt make knowne,</p> + <p>Let thy faire Cinthias praises be thus rudely showne.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i16">E.S.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr /> + +<a name="dedic"></a> +<h3>TO</h3> + +<h3>THE MOST HIGH, MIGHTIE, AND MAGNIFICENT</h3> + +<h2>EMPERESSE</h2> + +<h3>RENOWNED FOR PIETIE, VERTVE, AND ALL GRATIOVS GOVERNMENT</h3> + +<h1>ELIZABETH</h1> + +<h3>BY THE GRACE OF GOD</h3> + +<h2>Queen of England, Fraunce and Ireland, and of Virginia,<br /> + +Defender of the Faith etc.</h2> + +<h3>HER MOST HUMBLE SERVAUNT</h3> + +<h2>EDMVND SPENSER</h2> + +<h3>DOTH IN ALL HUMILITIE</h3> + +<h3>DEDICATE, PRESENT, AND CONSECRATE THESE HIS LABOVRS</h3> + +<h3>TO LIVE WITH THE ETERNITIE OF HER FAME.</h3> + +<hr /> + + <h3>THE FIRST BOOKE OF</h3> + + <h1>THE FAERIE QUEENE</h1> + + <h3>CONTAINING</h3> + + <h2>THE LEGENDE OF THE KNIGHT OF THE RED CROSSE,<br />OR OF HOLINESSE</h2> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="Int.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="Int.1"></a><p>Lo I the man,<a href="#Nt_Int.1">°</a> whose Muse whilome did maske,</p> +<a name="Int.2"></a><p class="i2">As time her taught, in lowly Shepheards weeds,</p> +<a name="Int.3"></a><p class="i2">Am now enforst a far unfitter taske,</p> +<a name="Int.4"></a><p class="i2">For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine Oaten reeds,</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="Int.5"></a><p class="i2">And sing of Knights and Ladies<a href="#Nt_Int.5">°</a> gentle deeds;</p> +<a name="Int.6"></a><p class="i2">Whose prayses having slept in silence long,</p> +<a name="Int.7"></a><p class="i2">Me, all too meane, the sacred Muse areeds</p> +<a name="Int.8"></a><p class="i2">To blazon broade emongst her learned throng:</p> +<a name="Int.9"></a><p>Fierce warres and faithfull loves shall moralize my song.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="Int.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="Int.10"></a><p>Helpe then, O holy Virgin chiefe of nine,<a href="#Nt_Int.10">°</a></p> +<a name="Int.11"></a><p class="i2">Thy weaker Novice to performe thy will;</p> +<a name="Int.12"></a><p class="i2">Lay forth out of thine everlasting scryne</p> +<a name="Int.13"></a><p class="i2">The antique rolles, which there lye hidden still,</p> +<a name="Int.14"></a><p class="i2">Of Faerie knights<a href="#Nt_Int.14">°</a> and fairest Tanaquill,<a href="#Nt_Int.14">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="Int.15"></a><p class="i2">Whom that most noble Briton Prince<a href="#Nt_Int.15">°</a> so long</p> +<a name="Int.16"></a><p class="i2">Sought through the world, and suffered so much ill,</p> +<a name="Int.17"></a><p class="i2">That I must rue his undeserved wrong:</p> +<a name="Int.18"></a><p>O helpe thou my weake wit, and sharpen my dull tong.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="Int.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="Int.19"></a><p>And thou most dreaded impe of highest Jove,<a href="#Nt_Int.19">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="Int.20"></a><p class="i2">Faire Venus sonne, that with thy cruell dart</p> +<a name="Int.21"></a><p class="i2">At that good knight so cunningly didst rove,</p> +<a name="Int.22"></a><p class="i2">That glorious fire it kindled in his hart,</p> +<a name="Int.23"></a><p class="i2">Lay now thy deadly Heben bow apart,</p> +<a name="Int.24"></a><p class="i2">And with thy mother milde come to mine ayde;</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="Int.25"></a><p class="i2">Come both, and with you bring triumphant Mart,<a href="#Nt_Int.25">°</a></p> +<a name="Int.26"></a><p class="i2">In loves and gentle jollities arrayd,</p> +<a name="Int.27"></a><p>After his murdrous spoiles and bloudy rage allayd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="Int.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="Int.28"></a><p>And with them eke, O Goddesse heavenly bright,<a href="#Nt_Int.28">°</a></p> +<a name="Int.29"></a><p class="i2">Mirrour of grace and Majestie divine,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="Int.30"></a><p class="i2">Great Lady of the greatest Isle, whose light</p> +<a name="Int.31"></a><p class="i2">Like Phoebus lampe<a href="#Nt_Int.31">°</a> throughout the world doth shine,</p> +<a name="Int.32"></a><p class="i2">Shed thy faire beames into my feeble eyne,</p> +<a name="Int.33"></a><p class="i2">And raise my thoughts, too humble and too vile,</p> +<a name="Int.34"></a><p class="i2">To thinke of that true glorious type of thine,<a href="#Nt_Int.34">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="Int.35"></a><p class="i2">The argument of mine afflicted stile:<a href="#Nt_Int.35">°</a></p> +<a name="Int.36"></a><p>The which to heare, vouchsafe, O dearest dred,<a href="#Nt_Int.36">°</a> a-while.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_I"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO I</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">The Patron of true Holinesse</p> +<p class="z10">foule Errour doth defeate;</p> +<p class="z8">Hypocrisie him to entrappe</p> +<p class="z10">doth to his home entreate.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.1"></a><p>A GENTLE Knight<a href="#Nt_i.1">°</a> was pricking on the plaine,</p> +<a name="i.2"></a><p class="i2">Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde,</p> +<a name="i.3"></a><p class="i2">Wherein old dints of deepe wounds did remaine,</p> +<a name="i.4"></a><p class="i2">The cruel markes of many'a bloudy fielde;</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="i.5"></a><p class="i2">Yet armes till that time did he never wield:</p> +<a name="i.6"></a><p class="i2">His angry steede did chide his foming bitt,</p> +<a name="i.7"></a><p class="i2">As much disdayning to the curbe to yield:</p> +<a name="i.8"></a><p class="i2">Full jolly knight he seemd, and faire did sitt,</p> +<a name="i.9"></a><p>As one for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="i.10"></a><p>And on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore,</p> +<a name="i.11"></a><p class="i2">The deare remembrance of his dying Lord,</p> +<a name="i.12"></a><p class="i2">For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore,</p> +<a name="i.13"></a><p class="i2">And dead as living ever him ador'd:</p> +<a name="i.14"></a><p class="i2">Upon his shield the like was also scor'd,</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="i.15"></a><p class="i2">For soveraine hope,<a href="#Nt_i.15">°</a> which in his helpe he had:</p> +<a name="i.16"></a><p class="i2">Right faithfull true he was in deede and word,</p> +<a name="i.17"></a><p class="i2">But of his cheere did seeme too solemne sad;</p> +<a name="i.18"></a><p>Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.19"></a><p>Upon a great adventure he was bond,</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="i.20"></a><p class="i2">That greatest Gloriana<a href="#Nt_i.20">°</a> to him gave,</p> +<a name="i.21"></a><p class="i2">That greatest Glorious Queene of Faerie lond,</p> +<a name="i.22"></a><p class="i2">To winne him worship, and her grace to have,</p> +<a name="i.23"></a><p class="i2">Which of all earthly things he most did crave;</p> +<a name="i.24"></a><p class="i2">And ever as he rode, his hart did earne</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="i.25"></a><p class="i2">To prove his puissance in battell brave</p> +<a name="i.26"></a><p class="i2">Upon his foe, and his new force to learne;</p> +<a name="i.27"></a><p>Upon his foe, a Dragon<a href="#Nt_i.27">°</a> horrible and stearne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.28"></a><p>A lovely Ladie<a href="#Nt_i.28">°</a> rode him faire beside,</p> +<a name="i.29"></a><p class="i2">Upon a lowly Asse more white then snow,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="i.30"></a><p class="i2">Yet she much whiter, but the same did hide</p> +<a name="i.31"></a><p class="i2">Under a vele, that wimpled was full low,</p> +<a name="i.32"></a><p class="i2">And over all a blacke stole she did throw,</p> +<a name="i.33"></a><p class="i2">As one that inly mournd: so was she sad,</p> +<a name="i.34"></a><p class="i2">And heavie sat upon her palfrey slow;</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="i.35"></a><p class="i2">Seemed in heart some hidden care she had,</p> +<a name="i.36"></a><p>And by her in a line a milke white lambe she lad.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.37"></a><p>So pure and innocent, as that same lambe,</p> +<a name="i.38"></a><p class="i2">She was in life and every vertuous lore,</p> +<a name="i.39"></a><p class="i2">And by descent from Royall lynage came</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="i.40"></a><p class="i2">Of ancient Kings and Queenes, that had of yore</p> +<a name="i.41"></a><p class="i2">Their scepters stretcht from East to Westerne shore,</p> +<a name="i.42"></a><p class="i2">And all the world in their subjection held;</p> +<a name="i.43"></a><p class="i2">Till that infernall feend with foule uprore</p> +<a name="i.44"></a><p class="i2">Forwasted all their land, and them expeld:</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="i.45"></a><p>Whom to avenge, she had this Knight from far compeld.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.46"></a><p>Behind her farre away a Dwarfe<a href="#Nt_i.46">°</a> did lag,</p> +<a name="i.47"></a><p class="i2">That lasie seemd in being ever last,</p> +<a name="i.48"></a><p class="i2">Or wearied with bearing of her bag</p> +<a name="i.49"></a><p class="i2">Of needments at his backe. Thus as they past,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="i.50"></a><p class="i2">The day with cloudes was suddeine overcast,</p> +<a name="i.51"></a><p class="i2">And angry Jove an hideous storme of raine</p> +<a name="i.52"></a><p class="i2">Did poure into his Lemans lap so fast,</p> +<a name="i.53"></a><p class="i2">That everie wight to shrowd it did constrain,</p> +<a name="i.54"></a><p>And this faire couple eke to shroud themselves were fain.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="i.55"></a><p>Enforst to seeke some covert nigh at hand,</p> +<a name="i.56"></a><p class="i2">A shadie grove<a href="#Nt_i.56">°</a> not far away they spide,</p> +<a name="i.57"></a><p class="i2">That promist ayde the tempest to withstand:</p> +<a name="i.58"></a><p class="i2">Whose loftie trees yclad with sommers pride</p> +<a name="i.59"></a><p class="i2">Did spred so broad, that heavens light did hide,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="i.60"></a><p class="i2">Not perceable with power of any starre:</p> +<a name="i.61"></a><p class="i2">And all within were pathes and alleies wide,</p> +<a name="i.62"></a><p class="i2">With footing worne, and leading inward farre:</p> +<a name="i.63"></a><p>Faire harbour that them seemes; so in they entred arre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.64"></a><p>And foorth they passe, with pleasure forward led,</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="i.65"></a><p class="i2">Joying to heare the birdes sweete harmony,</p> +<a name="i.66"></a><p class="i2">Which therein shrouded from the tempest dred,</p> +<a name="i.67"></a><p class="i2">Seemd in their song to scorne the cruell sky.</p> +<a name="i.68"></a><p class="i2">Much can they prayse the trees so straight and hy,</p> +<a name="i.69"></a><p class="i2">The sayling Pine,<a href="#Nt_i.69">°</a> the Cedar proud and tall,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="i.70"></a><p class="i2">The vine-prop Elme, the Poplar never dry,<a href="#Nt_i.70">°</a></p> +<a name="i.71"></a><p class="i2">The builder Oake,<a href="#Nt_i.71">°</a> sole king of forrests all,</p> +<a name="i.72"></a><p>The Aspine good for staves, the Cypresse funerall.<a href="#Nt_i.72">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.73"></a><p>The Laurell,<a href="#Nt_i.73">°</a> meed of mightie Conquerours</p> +<a name="i.74"></a><p class="i2">And Poets sage, the firre that weepeth still,<a href="#Nt_i.74">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="i.75"></a><p class="i2">The Willow<a href="#Nt_i.75">°</a> worne of forlorne Paramours,</p> +<a name="i.76"></a><p class="i2">The Eugh<a href="#Nt_i.76">°</a> obedient to the benders will,</p> +<a name="i.77"></a><p class="i2">The Birch for shaftes, the Sallow for the mill,</p> +<a name="i.78"></a><p class="i2">The Mirrhe<a href="#Nt_i.78">°</a> sweete bleeding in the bitter wound,</p> +<a name="i.79"></a><p class="i2">The warlike Beech,<a href="#Nt_i.79">°</a> the Ash for nothing ill,<a href="#Nt_i.79">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="i.80"></a><p class="i2">The fruitfull Olive, and the Platane round,</p> +<a name="i.81"></a><p>The carver Holme,<a href="#Nt_i.81">°</a> the Maple seeldom inward sound.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.82"></a><p>Led with delight, they thus beguile the way,</p> +<a name="i.83"></a><p class="i2">Untill the blustring storme is overblowne;</p> +<a name="i.84"></a><p class="i2">When weening to returne, whence they did stray,</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="i.85"></a><p class="i2">They cannot finde that path, which first was showne,</p> +<a name="i.86"></a><p class="i2">But wander too and fro in wayes unknowne,</p> +<a name="i.87"></a><p class="i2">Furthest from end then, when they neerest weene,</p> +<a name="i.88"></a><p class="i2">That makes them doubt their wits be not their owne:</p> +<a name="i.89"></a><p class="i2">So many pathes, so many turnings seene,</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="i.90"></a><p>That which of them to take, in diverse doubt they been.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.91"></a><p>At last resolving forward still to fare,</p> +<a name="i.92"></a><p class="i2">Till that some end they finde or in or out,</p> +<a name="i.93"></a><p class="i2">That path they take, that beaten seemd most bare,</p> +<a name="i.94"></a><p class="i2">And like to lead the labyrinth about;</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="i.95"></a><p class="i2">Which when by tract they hunted had throughout,</p> +<a name="i.96"></a><p class="i2">At length it brought them to a hollow cave</p> +<a name="i.97"></a><p class="i2">Amid the thickest woods. The Champion stout</p> +<a name="i.98"></a><p class="i2">Eftsoones dismounted from his courser brave,</p> +<a name="i.99"></a><p>And to the Dwarfe awhile his needlesse spere he gave.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="i.100"></a><p>Be well aware, quoth then that Ladie milde,</p> +<a name="i.101"></a><p class="i2">Least suddaine mischiefe ye too rash provoke:</p> +<a name="i.102"></a><p class="i2">The danger hid, the place unknowne and wilde,</p> +<a name="i.103"></a><p class="i2">Breedes dreadfull doubts: Oft fire is without smoke,</p> +<a name="i.104"></a><p class="i2">And perill without show: therefore your stroke,</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="i.105"></a><p class="i2">Sir Knight, with-hold, till further triall made.</p> +<a name="i.106"></a><p class="i2">Ah Ladie, (said he) shame were to revoke<a href="#Nt_i.106">°</a></p> +<a name="i.107"></a><p class="i2">The forward footing for an hidden shade:</p> +<a name="i.108"></a><p>Vertue gives her selfe light, through darkenesse for to wade.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.109"></a><p>Yea but (quoth she) the perill of this place</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="i.110"></a><p class="i2">I better wot then you, though now too late</p> +<a name="i.111"></a><p class="i2">To wish you backe returne with foule disgrace,</p> +<a name="i.112"></a><p class="i2">Yet wisedome warnes, whilest foot is in the gate,</p> +<a name="i.113"></a><p class="i2">To stay the steppe, ere forced to retrate.</p> +<a name="i.114"></a><p class="i2">This is the wandring wood,<a href="#Nt_i.114">°</a> this Errours den,</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="i.115"></a><p class="i2">A monster vile, whom God and man does hate:</p> +<a name="i.116"></a><p class="i2">Therefore I read beware. Fly fly (quoth then</p> +<a name="i.117"></a><p>The fearefull Dwarfe) this is no place for living men.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.118"></a><p>But full of fire and greedy hardiment,</p> +<a name="i.119"></a><p class="i2">The youthfull knight could not for ought be staide,</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="i.120"></a><p class="i2">But forth unto the darksome hole he went,</p> +<a name="i.121"></a><p class="i2">And looked in: his glistring armor made</p> +<a name="i.122"></a><p class="i2">A litle glooming light, much like a shade,</p> +<a name="i.123"></a><p class="i2">By which he saw the ugly monster<a href="#Nt_i.123">°</a> plaine,</p> +<a name="i.124"></a><p class="i2">Halfe like a serpent horribly displaide,</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="i.125"></a><p class="i2">But th'other halfe did womans shape retaine,</p> +<a name="i.126"></a><p>Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine.<a href="#Nt_i.126">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.127"></a><p>And as she lay upon the durtie ground,</p> +<a name="i.128"></a><p class="i2">Her huge long taile her den all overspred,</p> +<a name="i.129"></a><p class="i2">Yet was in knots and many boughtes upwound,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="i.130"></a><p class="i2">Pointed with mortall sting. Of her there bred<a href="#Nt_i.130">°</a></p> +<a name="i.131"></a><p class="i2">A thousand yong ones, which she dayly fed,</p> +<a name="i.132"></a><p class="i2">Sucking upon her poisnous dugs, eachone</p> +<a name="i.133"></a><p class="i2">Of sundry shapes, yet all ill favored:</p> +<a name="i.134"></a><p class="i2">Soone as that uncouth light upon them shone,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="i.135"></a><p>Into her mouth they crept, and suddain all were gone.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.136"></a><p>Their dam upstart, out of her den effraide,</p> +<a name="i.137"></a><p class="i2">And rushed forth, hurling her hideous taile</p> +<a name="i.138"></a><p class="i2">About her cursed head, whose folds displaid</p> +<a name="i.139"></a><p class="i2">Were stretcht now forth at length without entraile.</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="i.140"></a><p class="i2">She lookt about, and seeing one in mayle</p> +<a name="i.141"></a><p class="i2">Armed to point,<a href="#Nt_i.141">°</a> sought backe to turne againe;</p> +<a name="i.142"></a><p class="i2">For light she hated as the deadly bale,</p> +<a name="i.143"></a><p class="i2">Ay wont in desert darknesse to remaine,</p> +<a name="i.144"></a><p>Where plain none might her see, nor she see any plaine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="i.145"></a><p>Which when the valiant Elfe<a href="#Nt_i.145">°</a> perceiv'd, he lept</p> +<a name="i.146"></a><p class="i2">As Lyon fierce upon the flying pray,</p> +<a name="i.147"></a><p class="i2">And with his trenchand blade her boldly kept</p> +<a name="i.148"></a><p class="i2">From turning backe, and forced her to stay:</p> +<a name="i.149"></a><p class="i2">Therewith enrag'd she loudly gan to bray,</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="i.150"></a><p class="i2">And turning fierce, her speckled taile advaunst,</p> +<a name="i.151"></a><p class="i2">Threatning her angry sting, him to dismay:</p> +<a name="i.152"></a><p class="i2">Who nought aghast his mightie hand enhaunst:</p> +<a name="i.153"></a><p>The stroke down from her head unto her shoulder glaunst.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.154"></a><p>Much daunted with that dint, her sence was dazd,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="i.155"></a><p class="i2">Yet kindling rage, her selfe she gathered round,</p> +<a name="i.156"></a><p class="i2">And all attonce her beastly body raizd</p> +<a name="i.157"></a><p class="i2">With doubled forces high above the ground:</p> +<a name="i.158"></a><p class="i2">Tho wrapping up her wrethed sterne arownd,</p> +<a name="i.159"></a><p class="i2">Lept fierce upon his shield, and her huge traine</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="i.160"></a><p class="i2">All suddenly about his body wound,</p> +<a name="i.161"></a><p class="i2">That hand or foot to stirre he strove in vaine:</p> +<a name="i.162"></a><p>God helpe the man so wrapt in Errours endlesse traine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.163"></a><p>His Lady sad to see his sore constraint,</p> +<a name="i.164"></a><p class="i2">Cride out, Now now Sir knight, shew what ye bee,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="i.165"></a><p class="i2">Add faith unto your force, and be not faint:</p> +<a name="i.166"></a><p class="i2">Strangle her, else she sure will strangle thee.</p> +<a name="i.167"></a><p class="i2">That when he heard, in great perplexitie,</p> +<a name="i.168"></a><p class="i2">His gall did grate for griefe<a href="#Nt_i.168">°</a> and high disdaine,</p> +<a name="i.169"></a><p class="i2">And knitting all his force got one hand free,</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="i.170"></a><p class="i2">Wherewith he grypt her gorge with so great paine,</p> +<a name="i.171"></a><p>That soone to loose her wicked bands did her constraine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.172"></a><p>Therewith she spewd out of her filthy maw</p> +<a name="i.173"></a><p class="i2">A floud of poyson horrible and blacke,</p> +<a name="i.174"></a><p class="i2">Full of great lumpes of flesh and gobbets raw,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="i.175"></a><p class="i2">Which stunck so vildly, that it forst him slacke</p> +<a name="i.176"></a><p class="i2">His grasping hold, and from her turne him backe:</p> +<a name="i.177"></a><p class="i2">Her vomit full of bookes<a href="#Nt_i.177">°</a> and papers was,</p> +<a name="i.178"></a><p class="i2">With loathly frogs and toades, which eyes did lacke,</p> +<a name="i.179"></a><p class="i2">And creeping sought way in the weedy gras:</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="i.180"></a><p>Her filthy parbreake all the place defiled has.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.181"></a><p>As when old father Nilus<a href="#Nt_i.181">°</a> gins to swell</p> +<a name="i.182"></a><p class="i2">With timely pride above the Aegyptian vale,</p> +<a name="i.183"></a><p class="i2">His fattie waves do fertile slime outwell,</p> +<a name="i.184"></a><p class="i2">And overflow each plaine and lowly dale:</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="i.185"></a><p class="i2">But when his later spring gins to avale,</p> +<a name="i.186"></a><p class="i2">Huge heapes of mudd he leaves, wherein there breed</p> +<a name="i.187"></a><p class="i2">Ten thousand kindes of creatures, partly male</p> +<a name="i.188"></a><p class="i2">And partly female of his fruitful seed;</p> +<a name="i.189"></a><p>Such ugly monstrous shapes elswhere may no man reed.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="i.190"></a><p>The same so sore annoyed has the knight,</p> +<a name="i.191"></a><p class="i2">That welnigh choked with the deadly stinke,</p> +<a name="i.192"></a><p class="i2">His forces faile, ne can no lenger fight.</p> +<a name="i.193"></a><p class="i2">Whose corage when the feend perceiv'd to shrinke,</p> +<a name="i.194"></a><p class="i2">She poured forth out of her hellish sinke</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="i.195"></a><p class="i2">Her fruitfull cursed spawne of serpents small,</p> +<a name="i.196"></a><p class="i2">Deformed monsters, fowle, and blacke as inke,</p> +<a name="i.197"></a><p class="i2">With swarming all about his legs did crall,</p> +<a name="i.198"></a><p>And him encombred sore, but could not hurt at all.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.199"></a><p>As gentle Shepheard<a href="#Nt_i.199">°</a> in sweete even-tide,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="i.200"></a><p class="i2">When ruddy Phoebus gins to welke in west,</p> +<a name="i.201"></a><p class="i2">High on an hill, his flocke to vewen wide,</p> +<a name="i.202"></a><p class="i2">Markes which do byte their hasty supper best,</p> +<a name="i.203"></a><p class="i2">A cloud of combrous gnattes do him molest,</p> +<a name="i.204"></a><p class="i2">All striving to infixe their feeble stings,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="i.205"></a><p class="i2">That from their noyance he no where can rest,</p> +<a name="i.206"></a><p class="i2">But with his clownish hands their tender wings</p> +<a name="i.207"></a><p>He brusheth oft, and oft doth mar their murmurings.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.208"></a><p>Thus ill bestedd,<a href="#Nt_i.208">°</a> and fearefull more of shame,</p> +<a name="i.209"></a><p class="i2">Then of the certeine perill he stood in,</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="i.210"></a><p class="i2">Halfe furious unto his foe he came,</p> +<a name="i.211"></a><p class="i2">Resolv'd in minde all suddenly to win,</p> +<a name="i.212"></a><p class="i2">Or soone to lose, before he once would lin</p> +<a name="i.213"></a><p class="i2">And strooke at her with more then manly force,</p> +<a name="i.214"></a><p class="i2">That from her body full of filthie sin</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="i.215"></a><p class="i2">He raft her hatefull head without remorse;</p> +<a name="i.216"></a><p>A streame of cole black bloud forth gushed from her corse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.217"></a><p>Her scattred brood,<a href="#Nt_i.217">°</a> soone as their Parent deare</p> +<a name="i.218"></a><p class="i2">They saw so rudely falling to the ground,</p> +<a name="i.219"></a><p class="i2">Groning full deadly, all with troublous feare,</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="i.220"></a><p class="i2">Gathred themselves about her body round,</p> +<a name="i.221"></a><p class="i2">Weening their wonted entrance to have found</p> +<a name="i.222"></a><p class="i2">At her wide mouth: but being there withstood</p> +<a name="i.223"></a><p class="i2">They flocked all about her bleeding wound,</p> +<a name="i.224"></a><p class="i2">And sucked up their dying mothers blood,</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="i.225"></a><p>Making her death their life, and eke her hurt their good.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.226"></a><p>That detestable sight him much amazde,</p> +<a name="i.227"></a><p class="i2">To see th' unkindly Impes, of heaven accurst,</p> +<a name="i.228"></a><p class="i2">Devoure their dam; on whom while so he gazd,</p> +<a name="i.229"></a><p class="i2">Having all satisfide their bloudy thurst,</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="i.230"></a><p class="i2">Their bellies swolne he saw with fulnesse burst,</p> +<a name="i.231"></a><p class="i2">And bowels gushing forth: well worthy end</p> +<a name="i.232"></a><p class="i2">Of such as drunke her life, the which them nurst;<a href="#Nt_i.232">°</a></p> +<a name="i.233"></a><p class="i2">Now needeth him no lenger labour spend,</p> +<a name="i.234"></a><p>His foes have slaine themselves, with whom he should contend.<a href="#Nt_i.234">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="i.235"></a><p>His Ladie seeing all that chaunst, from farre</p> +<a name="i.236"></a><p class="i2">Approcht in hast to greet his victorie,</p> +<a name="i.237"></a><p class="i2">And said, Faire knight, borne under happy starre,<a href="#Nt_i.237">°</a></p> +<a name="i.238"></a><p class="i2">Who see your vanquisht foes before you lye:</p> +<a name="i.239"></a><p class="i2">Well worthie be you of that Armorie,<a href="#Nt_i.239">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="i.240"></a><p class="i2">Wherin ye have great glory wonne this day,</p> +<a name="i.241"></a><p class="i2">And proov'd your strength on a strong enimie,</p> +<a name="i.242"></a><p class="i2">Your first adventure: many such I pray,</p> +<a name="i.243"></a><p>And henceforth ever wish that like succeed it may.<a href="#Nt_i.243">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.244"></a><p>Then mounted he upon his Steede againe,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="i.245"></a><p class="i2">And with the Lady backward sought to wend;</p> +<a name="i.246"></a><p class="i2">That path he kept which beaten was most plaine,</p> +<a name="i.247"></a><p class="i2">Ne ever would to any by-way bend,</p> +<a name="i.248"></a><p class="i2">But still did follow one unto the end,</p> +<a name="i.249"></a><p class="i2">The which at last out of the wood them brought.</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="i.250"></a><p class="i2">So forward on his way (with God to frend)<a href="#Nt_i.250">°</a></p> +<a name="i.251"></a><p class="i2">He passed forth, and new adventure sought;</p> +<a name="i.252"></a><p>Long way he travelled, before he heard of ought.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.253"></a><p>At length they chaunst to meet upon the way</p> +<a name="i.254"></a><p class="i2">An aged Sire,<a href="#Nt_i.254">°</a> in long blacke weedes yclad,</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="i.255"></a><p class="i2">His feete all bare, his beard all hoarie gray</p> +<a name="i.256"></a><p class="i2">And by his belt his booke he hanging had;</p> +<a name="i.257"></a><p class="i2">Sober he seemde, and very sagely sad,</p> +<a name="i.258"></a><p class="i2">And to the ground his eyes were lowly bent,</p> +<a name="i.259"></a><p class="i2">Simple in shew, and voyde of malice bad,</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="i.260"></a><p class="i2">And all the way he prayed, as he went,</p> +<a name="i.261"></a><p>And often knockt his brest, as one that did repent.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.262"></a><p>He faire the knight saluted, louting low,</p> +<a name="i.263"></a><p class="i2">Who faire him quited, as that courteous was:</p> +<a name="i.264"></a><p class="i2">And after asked him, if he did know</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="i.265"></a><p class="i2">Of straunge adventures, which abroad did pas.</p> +<a name="i.266"></a><p class="i2">Ah my deare Sonne (quoth he) how should, alas,</p> +<a name="i.267"></a><p class="i2">Silly old man, that lives in hidden cell,</p> +<a name="i.268"></a><p class="i2">Bidding his beades all day for his trespas,</p> +<a name="i.269"></a><p class="i2">Tydings of warre and worldly trouble tell?</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="i.270"></a><p>With holy father sits not with such things to mell.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.271"></a><p>But if of daunger which hereby doth dwell,</p> +<a name="i.272"></a><p class="i2">And homebred evil ye desire to heare,</p> +<a name="i.273"></a><p class="i2">Of a straunge man I can you tidings tell,</p> +<a name="i.274"></a><p class="i2">That wasteth all this countrey farre and neare.</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="i.275"></a><p class="i2">Of such (said he) I chiefly do inquere,</p> +<a name="i.276"></a><p class="i2">And shall you well reward to shew the place,</p> +<a name="i.277"></a><p class="i2">In which that wicked wight his dayes doth weare:</p> +<a name="i.278"></a><p class="i2">For to all knighthood it is foule disgrace,</p> +<a name="i.279"></a><p>That such a cursed creature lives so long a space.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="i.280"></a><p>Far hence (quoth he) in wastfull wildernesse</p> +<a name="i.281"></a><p class="i2">His dwelling is, by which no living wight</p> +<a name="i.282"></a><p class="i2">May ever passe, but thorough great distresse.</p> +<a name="i.283"></a><p class="i2">Now (sayd the Lady) draweth toward night,</p> +<a name="i.284"></a><p class="i2">And well I wote, that of your later fight</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="i.285"></a><p class="i2">Ye all forwearied be: for what so strong,</p> +<a name="i.286"></a><p class="i2">But wanting rest will also want of might?</p> +<a name="i.287"></a><p class="i2">The Sunne that measures heaven all day long,</p> +<a name="i.288"></a><p>At night doth baite his steedes the Ocean waves emong.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.289"></a><p>Then with the Sunne take Sir, your timely rest,</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="i.290"></a><p class="i2">And with new day new worke at once begin:</p> +<a name="i.291"></a><p class="i2">Untroubled night they say gives counsell best.</p> +<a name="i.292"></a><p class="i2">Right well Sir knight ye have advised bin,</p> +<a name="i.293"></a><p class="i2">(Quoth then that aged man;) the way to win</p> +<a name="i.294"></a><p class="i2">Is wisely to advise: now day is spent;</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="i.295"></a><p class="i2">Therefore with me ye may take up your In<a href="#Nt_i.295">°</a></p> +<a name="i.296"></a><p class="i2">For this same night. The knight was well content:</p> +<a name="i.297"></a><p>So with that godly father to his home they went.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.298"></a><p>A little lowly Hermitage it was,</p> +<a name="i.299"></a><p class="i2">Downe in a dale, hard by a forests side,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="i.300"></a><p class="i2">Far from resort of people, that did pas</p> +<a name="i.301"></a><p class="i2">In travell to and froe: a little wyde<a href="#Nt_i.301">°</a></p> +<a name="i.302"></a><p class="i2">There was an holy Chappell edifyde,</p> +<a name="i.303"></a><p class="i2">Wherein the Hermite dewly wont to say</p> +<a name="i.304"></a><p class="i2">His holy things each morne and eventyde:</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="i.305"></a><p class="i2">Thereby a Christall streame did gently play,</p> +<a name="i.306"></a><p>Which from a sacred fountaine welled forth alway.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.307"></a><p>Arrived there, the little house they fill,</p> +<a name="i.308"></a><p class="i2">Ne looke for entertainement, where none was:</p> +<a name="i.309"></a><p class="i2">Rest is their feast, and all things at their will:</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="i.310"></a><p class="i2">The noblest mind the best contentment has.</p> +<a name="i.311"></a><p class="i2">With faire discourse the evening so they pas:</p> +<a name="i.312"></a><p class="i2">For that old man of pleasing wordes had store,</p> +<a name="i.313"></a><p class="i2">And well could file his tongue as smooth as glas,</p> +<a name="i.314"></a><p class="i2">He told of Saintes and Popes, and evermore</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="i.315"></a><p>He strowd an <i>Ave-Mary</i><a href="#Nt_i.315">°</a> after and before.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.316"></a><p>The drouping Night thus creepeth on them fast,</p> +<a name="i.317"></a><p class="i2">And the sad humour<a href="#Nt_i.317">°</a> loading their eye liddes,</p> +<a name="i.318"></a><p class="i2">As messenger of Morpheus<a href="#Nt_i.318">°</a> on them cast</p> +<a name="i.319"></a><p class="i2">Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleepe them biddes.</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="i.320"></a><p class="i2">Unto their lodgings then his guestes he riddes:</p> +<a name="i.321"></a><p class="i2">Where when all drownd in deadly sleepe he findes,</p> +<a name="i.322"></a><p class="i2">He to this study goes, and there amiddes</p> +<a name="i.323"></a><p class="i2">His Magick bookes and artes<a href="#Nt_i.323">°</a> of sundry kindes,</p> +<a name="i.324"></a><p>He seekes out mighty charmes, to trouble sleepy mindes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="i.325"></a><p>Then choosing out few words most horrible,</p> +<a name="i.326"></a><p class="i2">(Let none them read) thereof did verses frame,</p> +<a name="i.327"></a><p class="i2">With which and other spelles like terrible,</p> +<a name="i.328"></a><p class="i2">He bad awake blacke Plutoes griesly Dame,<a href="#Nt_i.328">°</a></p> +<a name="i.329"></a><p class="i2">And cursed heaven and spake reprochfull shame</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="i.330"></a><p class="i2">Of highest God, the Lord of life and light;</p> +<a name="i.331"></a><p class="i2">A bold bad man, that dar'd to call by name</p> +<a name="i.332"></a><p class="i2">Great Gorgon,<a href="#Nt_i.332">°</a> Prince of darknesse and dead night,</p> +<a name="i.333"></a><p>At which Cocytus<a href="#Nt_i.333">°</a> quakes, and Styx is put to flight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.334"></a><p>And forth he cald out of deepe darknesse dred</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="i.335"></a><p class="i2">Legions of Sprights,<a href="#Nt_i.335">°</a> the which like little flyes</p> +<a name="i.336"></a><p class="i2">Fluttring about his ever damned hed,</p> +<a name="i.337"></a><p class="i2">Awaite whereto their service he applyes,</p> +<a name="i.338"></a><p class="i2">To aide his friends, or fray his enimies:</p> +<a name="i.339"></a><p class="i2">Of those he chose<a href="#Nt_i.339">°</a> out two, the falsest twoo,</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="i.340"></a><p class="i2">And fittest for to forge true-seeming lyes;</p> +<a name="i.341"></a><p class="i2">The one of them he gave a message too,</p> +<a name="i.342"></a><p>The other by him selfe staide other worke to doo.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.343"></a><p>He making speedy way through spersed ayre,</p> +<a name="i.344"></a><p class="i2">And through the world of waters wide and deepe,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="i.345"></a><p class="i2">To Morpheus house doth hastily repaire.</p> +<a name="i.346"></a><p class="i2">Amid the bowels of the earth full steepe,</p> +<a name="i.347"></a><p class="i2">And low, where dawning day doth never peepe,</p> +<a name="i.348"></a><p class="i2">His dwelling is; there Tethys<a href="#Nt_i.348">°</a> his wet bed</p> +<a name="i.349"></a><p class="i2">Doth ever wash, and Cynthia<a href="#Nt_i.349">°</a> still doth steepe</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="i.350"></a><p class="i2">In silver deaw his ever-drouping hed,</p> +<a name="i.351"></a><p>Whiles sad Night over him her mantle black doth spred.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.352"></a><p>Whose double gates<a href="#Nt_i.352">°</a> he findeth locked fast,</p> +<a name="i.353"></a><p class="i2">The one faire fram'd of burnisht Yvory,</p> +<a name="i.354"></a><p class="i2">The other all with silver overcast;</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="i.355"></a><p class="i2">And wakeful dogges before them farre do lye,</p> +<a name="i.356"></a><p class="i2">Watching to banish Care their enimy,</p> +<a name="i.357"></a><p class="i2">Who oft is wont to trouble gentle Sleepe.</p> +<a name="i.358"></a><p class="i2">By them the Sprite doth passe in quietly,</p> +<a name="i.359"></a><p class="i2">And unto Morpheus comes, whom drowned deepe</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="i.360"></a><p>In drowsie fit he findes: of nothing he takes keepe.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.361"></a><p>And more, to lulle him in his slumber soft,<a href="#Nt_i.361">°</a></p> +<a name="i.362"></a><p class="i2">A trickling streame from high rock tumbling downe,</p> +<a name="i.363"></a><p class="i2">And ever-drizling raine upon the loft,</p> +<a name="i.364"></a><p class="i2">Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="i.365"></a><p class="i2">Of swarming Bees, did cast him in a swowne:</p> +<a name="i.366"></a><p class="i2">No other noyse, nor peoples troublous cryes,</p> +<a name="i.367"></a><p class="i2">As still are wont t'annoy the walled towne,</p> +<a name="i.368"></a><p class="i2">Might there be heard: but carelesse Quiet lyes,</p> +<a name="i.369"></a><p>Wrapt in eternall silence farre from enemyes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="i.370"></a><p>The messenger approching to him spake,</p> +<a name="i.371"></a><p class="i2">But his wast wordes returnd to him in vaine:</p> +<a name="i.372"></a><p class="i2">So sound he slept, that nought mought him awake.</p> +<a name="i.373"></a><p class="i2">Then rudely he him thrust, and pusht with paine</p> +<a name="i.374"></a><p class="i2">Whereat he gan to stretch: but he againe</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="i.375"></a><p class="i2">Shooke him so hard, that forced him to speake.</p> +<a name="i.376"></a><p class="i2">As one then in a dreame, whose dryer braine<a href="#Nt_i.376">°</a></p> +<a name="i.377"></a><p class="i2">Is tost with troubled sights and fancies weake,</p> +<a name="i.378"></a><p>He mumbled soft, but would not all<a href="#Nt_i.378">°</a> his silence breake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.379"></a><p>The Sprite then gan more boldly him to wake,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="i.380"></a><p class="i2">And threatned unto him the dreaded name</p> +<a name="i.381"></a><p class="i2">Of Hecate<a href="#Nt_i.381">°</a>: whereat he gan to quake,</p> +<a name="i.382"></a><p class="i2">And lifting up his lumpish head, with blame</p> +<a name="i.383"></a><p class="i2">Halfe angry asked him, for what he came.</p> +<a name="i.384"></a><p class="i2">Hither (quoth he) me Archimago sent,</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="i.385"></a><p class="i2">He that the stubborne Sprites can wisely tame,</p> +<a name="i.386"></a><p class="i2">He bids thee to him send for his intent</p> +<a name="i.387"></a><p>A fit false dreame, that can delude the sleepers sent.<a href="#Nt_i.387">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.388"></a><p>The God obayde, and, calling forth straightway</p> +<a name="i.389"></a><p class="i2">A diverse dreame out of his prison darke,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="i.390"></a><p class="i2">Delivered it to him, and downe did lay</p> +<a name="i.391"></a><p class="i2">His heavie head, devoide of carefull carke,</p> +<a name="i.392"></a><p class="i2">Whose sences all were straight benumbed and starke.</p> +<a name="i.393"></a><p class="i2">He backe returning by the Yvorie dore,</p> +<a name="i.394"></a><p class="i2">Remounted up as light as chearefull Larke,</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="i.395"></a><p class="i2">And on his litle winges the dreame he bore</p> +<a name="i.396"></a><p>In hast unto his Lord, where he him left afore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.397"></a><p>Who all this while with charmes and hidden artes,</p> +<a name="i.398"></a><p class="i2">Had made a Lady of that other Spright,</p> +<a name="i.399"></a><p class="i2">And fram'd of liquid ayre her tender partes</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="i.400"></a><p class="i2">So lively, and so like in all mens sight,</p> +<a name="i.401"></a><p class="i2">That weaker sence it could have ravisht quight:</p> +<a name="i.402"></a><p class="i2">The maker selfe, for all his wondrous witt,</p> +<a name="i.403"></a><p class="i2">Was nigh beguiled with so goodly sight:</p> +<a name="i.404"></a><p class="i2">Her all in white he clad, and over it</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="i.405"></a><p>Cast a black stole, most like to seeme<a href="#Nt_i.405">°</a> for Una fit.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.406"></a><p>Now when that ydle dreame was to him brought,</p> +<a name="i.407"></a><p class="i2">Unto that Elfin knight he bad him fly,</p> +<a name="i.408"></a><p class="i2">Where he slept soundly void of evill thought,</p> +<a name="i.409"></a><p class="i2">And with false shewes abuse his fantasy,</p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="i.410"></a><p class="i2">In sort as he him schooled privily:</p> +<a name="i.411"></a><p class="i2">And that new creature, borne without her dew,<a href="#Nt_i.411">°</a></p> +<a name="i.412"></a><p class="i2">Full of the makers guile, with usage sly</p> +<a name="i.413"></a><p class="i2">He taught to imitate that Lady trew,</p> +<a name="i.414"></a><p>Whose semblance she did carrie under feigned hew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="i.415"></a><p>Thus well instructed, to their worke they hast,</p> +<a name="i.416"></a><p class="i2">And coming where the knight in slomber lay,</p> +<a name="i.417"></a><p class="i2">The one upon his hardy head him plast</p> +<a name="i.418"></a><p class="i2">And made him dreame of loves and lustfull play,</p> +<a name="i.419"></a><p class="i2">That nigh his manly hart did melt away,</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="i.420"></a><p class="i2">Bathed in wanton blis and wicked joy:</p> +<a name="i.421"></a><p class="i2">Then seemed him his Lady by him lay,</p> +<a name="i.422"></a><p class="i2">And to him playnd, how that false winged boy,</p> +<a name="i.423"></a><p>Her chast hart had subdewd, to learne Dame Pleasures toy.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.424"></a><p>And she herselfe of beautie soveraigne Queene,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="i.425"></a><p class="i2">Fayre Venus<a href="#Nt_i.425">°</a> seemde unto his bed to bring</p> +<a name="i.426"></a><p class="i2">Her, whom he waking evermore did weene,</p> +<a name="i.427"></a><p class="i2">To bee the chastest flowre, that ay did spring</p> +<a name="i.428"></a><p class="i2">On earthly braunch, the daughter of a king,</p> +<a name="i.429"></a><p class="i2">Now a loose Leman to vile service bound:</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="i.430"></a><p class="i2">And eke the Graces<a href="#Nt_i.430">°</a> seemed all to sing,</p> +<a name="i.431"></a><p class="i2"><i>Hymen Iö Hymen</i><a href="#Nt_i.431">°</a> dauncing all around,</p> +<a name="i.432"></a><p>Whilst freshest Flora<a href="#Nt_i.432">°</a> her with Yvie girlond crownd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.xlix"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.433"></a><p>In this great passion of unwonted lust,</p> +<a name="i.434"></a><p class="i2">Or wonted feare of doing ought amis,</p> +<span class="linenum">435</span> +<a name="i.435"></a><p class="i2">He started up, as seeming to mistrust</p> +<a name="i.436"></a><p class="i2">Some secret ill, or hidden foe of his:</p> +<a name="i.437"></a><p class="i2">Lo there before his face his Lady is,</p> +<a name="i.438"></a><p class="i2">Under blake stole hyding her bayted hooke;</p> +<a name="i.439"></a><p class="i2">And as halfe blushing offred him to kis,</p> +<span class="linenum">440</span> +<a name="i.440"></a><p class="i2">With gentle blandishment and lovely looke,</p> +<a name="i.441"></a><p>Most like that virgin true, which for her knight him took.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.l"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.442"></a><p>All cleane dismayd to see so uncouth sight,</p> +<a name="i.443"></a><p class="i2">And half enraged at her shamelesse guise,</p> +<a name="i.444"></a><p class="i2">He thought have slaine her in his fierce despight:</p> +<span class="linenum">445</span> +<a name="i.445"></a><p class="i2">But hasty heat tempring with suffrance wise,</p> +<a name="i.446"></a><p class="i2">He stayde his hand, and gan himselfe advise</p> +<a name="i.447"></a><p class="i2">To prove his sense,<a href="#Nt_i.447">°</a> and tempt her faigned truth.</p> +<a name="i.448"></a><p class="i2">Wringing her hands in womans pitteous wise,</p> +<a name="i.449"></a><p class="i2">Tho can she weepe,<a href="#Nt_i.449">°</a> to stirre up gentle ruth,</p> +<span class="linenum">450</span> +<a name="i.450"></a><p>Both for her noble bloud, and for her tender youth.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.li"></a><p class="i20">LI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.451"></a><p>And said, Ah Sir, my liege Lord and my love,</p> +<a name="i.452"></a><p class="i2">Shall I accuse the hidden cruell fate,</p> +<a name="i.453"></a><p class="i2">And mightie causes wrought in heaven above,</p> +<a name="i.454"></a><p class="i2">Or the blind God,<a href="#Nt_i.454">°</a> that doth me thus amate,</p> +<span class="linenum">455</span> +<a name="i.455"></a><p class="i2">For hoped love to winne me certaine hate?</p> +<a name="i.456"></a><p class="i2">Yet thus perforce he bids me do, or die.</p> +<a name="i.457"></a><p class="i2">Die is my dew; yet rew my wretched state</p> +<a name="i.458"></a><p class="i2">You, whom my hard avenging destinie</p> +<a name="i.459"></a><p>Hath made judge of my life or death indifferently.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.lii"></a><p class="i20">LII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">460</span> +<a name="i.460"></a><p>Your owne deare sake forst me at first to leave</p> +<a name="i.461"></a><p class="i2">My Fathers kingdome—There she stopt with teares;</p> +<a name="i.462"></a><p class="i2">Her swollen hart her speech seemd to bereave,</p> +<a name="i.463"></a><p class="i2">And then againe begun; My weaker yeares</p> +<a name="i.464"></a><p class="i2">Captiv'd to fortune and frayle worldly feares,</p> +<span class="linenum">465</span> +<a name="i.465"></a><p class="i2">Fly to your fayth for succour and sure ayde:</p> +<a name="i.466"></a><p class="i2">Let me not dye in languor and long teares.</p> +<a name="i.467"></a><p class="i2">Why Dame (quoth he) what hath ye thus dismayd?</p> +<a name="i.468"></a><p>What frayes ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayd?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.liii"></a><p class="i20">LIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.469"></a><p>Love of your selfe, she saide, and deare constraint,</p> +<span class="linenum">470</span> +<a name="i.470"></a><p class="i2">Lets me not sleepe, but wast the wearie night</p> +<a name="i.471"></a><p class="i2">In secret anguish and unpittied plaint,</p> +<a name="i.472"></a><p class="i2">Whiles you in carelesse sleepe are drowned quight.</p> +<a name="i.473"></a><p class="i2">Her doubtfull words made that redoubted knight</p> +<a name="i.474"></a><p class="i2">Suspect her truth: yet since no' untruth he knew,</p> +<span class="linenum">475</span> +<a name="i.475"></a><p class="i2">Her fawning love with foule disdainefull spight</p> +<a name="i.476"></a><p class="i2">He would not shend; but said, Deare dame I rew,</p> +<a name="i.477"></a><p>That for my sake unknowne such griefe unto you grew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.liv"></a><p class="i20">LIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.478"></a><p>Assure your selfe, it fell not all to ground;<a href="#Nt_i.478">°</a></p> +<a name="i.479"></a><p class="i2">For all so deare as life is to my hart,</p> +<span class="linenum">480</span> +<a name="i.480"></a><p class="i2">I deeme your love, and hold me to you bound:</p> +<a name="i.481"></a><p class="i2">Ne let vaine feares procure your needlesse smart,</p> +<a name="i.482"></a><p class="i2">Where cause is none, but to your rest depart.</p> +<a name="i.483"></a><p class="i2">Not all content, yet seemd she to appease</p> +<a name="i.484"></a><p class="i2">Her mournefull plaintes, beguiled of her art,</p> +<span class="linenum">485</span> +<a name="i.485"></a><p class="i2">And fed with words that could not chuse but please,</p> +<a name="i.486"></a><p>So slyding softly forth, she turned as to her ease.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="i.lv"></a><p class="i20">LV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="i.487"></a><p>Long after lay he musing at her mood,</p> +<a name="i.488"></a><p class="i2">Much griev'd to thinke that gentle Dame so light,</p> +<a name="i.489"></a><p class="i2">For whose defence he was to shed his blood.</p> +<span class="linenum">490</span> +<a name="i.490"></a><p class="i2">At last, dull wearinesse of former fight</p> +<a name="i.491"></a><p class="i2">Having yrockt asleepe his irkesome spright,</p> +<a name="i.492"></a><p class="i2">That troublous dreame gan freshly tosse his braine,</p> +<a name="i.493"></a><p class="i2">With bowres, and beds, and Ladies deare delight:</p> +<a name="i.494"></a><p class="i2">But when he saw his labour all was vaine,</p> +<span class="linenum">495</span> +<a name="i.495"></a><p>With that misformed spright he backe returnd againe.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_II"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO II</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">The guilefull great Enchaunter parts</p> +<p class="z10">the Redcrosse Knight from truth,</p> +<p class="z8">Into whose stead faire Falshood steps,</p> +<p class="z10">and workes him wofull ruth.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.1"></a><p>BY this the Northerne wagoner<a href="#Nt_ii.1">°</a> had set</p> +<a name="ii.2"></a><p class="i2">His sevenfold teme<a href="#Nt_ii.2">°</a> behind the stedfast starre,<a href="#Nt_ii.2">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.3"></a><p class="i2">That was in Ocean waves yet never wet,</p> +<a name="ii.4"></a><p class="i2">But firme is fixt, and sendeth light from farre</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="ii.5"></a><p class="i2">To all that in the wide deepe wandring arre:</p> +<a name="ii.6"></a><p class="i2">And chearefull Chaunticlere<a href="#Nt_ii.6">°</a> with his note shrill</p> +<a name="ii.7"></a><p class="i2">Had warned once, that Phœbus fiery carre<a href="#Nt_ii.7">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.8"></a><p class="i2">In hast was climbing up the Easterne hill,</p> +<a name="ii.9"></a><p>Full envious that night so long his roome did fill.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="ii.10"></a><p>When those accursed messengers of hell,</p> +<a name="ii.11"></a><p class="i2">That feigning dreame, and that faire-forged Spright<a href="#Nt_ii.11">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.12"></a><p class="i2">Came to their wicked maister, and gan tell</p> +<a name="ii.13"></a><p class="i2">Their bootelesse paines, and ill succeeding night:</p> +<a name="ii.14"></a><p class="i2">Who all in rage to see his skilfull might</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="ii.15"></a><p class="i2">Deluded so, gan threaten hellish paine</p> +<a name="ii.16"></a><p class="i2">And sad Proserpines wrath, them to affright.</p> +<a name="ii.17"></a><p class="i2">But when he saw his threatning was but vaine,</p> +<a name="ii.18"></a><p>He cast about, and searcht his baleful bookes againe.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.19"></a><p>Eftsoones he tooke that miscreated faire,</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="ii.20"></a><p class="i2">And that false other Spright, on whom he spred</p> +<a name="ii.21"></a><p class="i2">A seeming body of the subtile aire,</p> +<a name="ii.22"></a><p class="i2">Like a young Squire, in loves and lustybed</p> +<a name="ii.23"></a><p class="i2">His wanton dayes that ever loosely led,</p> +<a name="ii.24"></a><p class="i2">Without regard of armes and dreaded fight:</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="ii.25"></a><p class="i2">Those two he tooke, and in a secret bed,</p> +<a name="ii.26"></a><p class="i2">Coverd with darknesse and misdeeming night,</p> +<a name="ii.27"></a><p>Them both together laid, to joy in vaine delight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.28"></a><p>Forthwith he runnes with feigned faithfull hast</p> +<a name="ii.29"></a><p class="i2">Unto his guest, who after troublous sights</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="ii.30"></a><p class="i2">And dreames, gan now to take more sound repast,</p> +<a name="ii.31"></a><p class="i2">Whom suddenly he wakes with fearfull frights,</p> +<a name="ii.32"></a><p class="i2">As one aghast with feends or damned sprights,</p> +<a name="ii.33"></a><p class="i2">And to him cals, Rise, rise, unhappy Swaine</p> +<a name="ii.34"></a><p class="i2">That here wex old in sleepe, whiles wicked wights</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="ii.35"></a><p class="i2">Have knit themselves in Venus shameful chaine,</p> +<a name="ii.36"></a><p>Come see where your false Lady doth her honour staine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.37"></a><p>All in amaze he suddenly upstart</p> +<a name="ii.38"></a><p class="i2">With sword in hand, and with the old man went</p> +<a name="ii.39"></a><p class="i2">Who soone him brought into a secret part</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="ii.40"></a><p class="i2">Where that false couple were full closely ment</p> +<a name="ii.41"></a><p class="i2">In wanton lust and leud embracement:</p> +<a name="ii.42"></a><p class="i2">Which when he saw, he burnt with gealous fire,</p> +<a name="ii.43"></a><p class="i2">The eye of reason was with rage yblent,</p> +<a name="ii.44"></a><p class="i2">And would have slaine them in his furious ire,</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="ii.45"></a><p>But hardly was restreined of that aged sire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.46"></a><p>Returning to his bed in torment great,</p> +<a name="ii.47"></a><p class="i2">And bitter anguish of his guiltie sight,</p> +<a name="ii.48"></a><p class="i2">He could not rest, but did his stout heart eat,</p> +<a name="ii.49"></a><p class="i2">And wast his inward gall with deepe despight,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="ii.50"></a><p class="i2">Yrkesome of life, and too long lingring night.</p> +<a name="ii.51"></a><p class="i2">At last faire Hesperus<a href="#Nt_ii.51">°</a> in highest skie</p> +<a name="ii.52"></a><p class="i2">Had spent his lampe and brought forth dawning light,</p> +<a name="ii.53"></a><p class="i2">Then up he rose, and clad him hastily;</p> +<a name="ii.54"></a><p>The Dwarfe him brought his steed: so both away do fly.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="ii.55"></a><p>Now when the rosy-fingred Morning<a href="#Nt_ii.55">°</a> faire,</p> +<a name="ii.56"></a><p class="i2">Weary of aged Tithones<a href="#Nt_ii.56">°</a> saffron bed,</p> +<a name="ii.57"></a><p class="i2">Had spread her purple robe through deawy aire,</p> +<a name="ii.58"></a><p class="i2">And the high hils Titan<a href="#Nt_ii.58">°</a> discovered,</p> +<a name="ii.59"></a><p class="i2">The royall virgin shooke off drowsy-hed;</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="ii.60"></a><p class="i2">And rising forth out of her baser bowre,</p> +<a name="ii.61"></a><p class="i2">Lookt for her knight, who far away was fled,</p> +<a name="ii.62"></a><p class="i2">And for her Dwarfe, that wont to wait each houre:</p> +<a name="ii.63"></a><p>Then gan she waile and weepe, to see that woefull stowre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.64"></a><p>And after him she rode with so much speede</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="ii.65"></a><p class="i2">As her slow beast could make; but all in vaine:</p> +<a name="ii.66"></a><p class="i2">For him so far had borne his light-foot steede,</p> +<a name="ii.67"></a><p class="i2">Pricked with wrath and fiery fierce disdaine,</p> +<a name="ii.68"></a><p class="i2">That him to follow was but fruitlesse paine;</p> +<a name="ii.69"></a><p class="i2">Yet she her weary limbes would never rest,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="ii.70"></a><p class="i2">But every hill and dale, each wood and plaine,</p> +<a name="ii.71"></a><p class="i2">Did search, sore grieved in her gentle brest,</p> +<a name="ii.72"></a><p>He so ungently left her, whom she loved best.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.73"></a><p>But subtill Archimago, when his guests</p> +<a name="ii.74"></a><p class="i2">He saw divided into double parts,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="ii.75"></a><p class="i2">And Una wandring in woods and forrests,</p> +<a name="ii.76"></a><p class="i2">Th' end of his drift, he praisd his divelish arts,</p> +<a name="ii.77"></a><p class="i2">That had such might over true meaning harts:</p> +<a name="ii.78"></a><p class="i2">Yet rests not so, but other meanes doth make,</p> +<a name="ii.79"></a><p class="i2">How he may worke unto her further smarts:</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="ii.80"></a><p class="i2">For her he hated as the hissing snake,</p> +<a name="ii.81"></a><p>And in her many troubles did most pleasure take.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.82"></a><p>He then devisde himselfe how to disguise;</p> +<a name="ii.83"></a><p class="i2">For by his mightie science he could take</p> +<a name="ii.84"></a><p class="i2">As many formes and shapes in seeming wise,</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="ii.85"></a><p class="i2">As ever Proteus<a href="#Nt_ii.85">°</a> to himselfe could make:</p> +<a name="ii.86"></a><p class="i2">Sometime a fowle, sometime a fish in lake,</p> +<a name="ii.87"></a><p class="i2">Now like a foxe, now like a dragon fell,</p> +<a name="ii.88"></a><p class="i2">That of himselfe he ofte for feare would quake,</p> +<a name="ii.89"></a><p class="i2">And oft would flie away. O who can tell</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="ii.90"></a><p>The hidden power of herbes<a href="#Nt_ii.90">°</a> and might of Magicke spell?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.91"></a><p>But now seemde best the person to put on</p> +<a name="ii.92"></a><p class="i2">Of that good knight, his late beguiled guest:</p> +<a name="ii.93"></a><p class="i2">In mighty armes he was yclad anon:</p> +<a name="ii.94"></a><p class="i2">And silver shield, upon his coward brest</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="ii.95"></a><p class="i2">A bloudy crosse, and on his craven crest</p> +<a name="ii.96"></a><p class="i2">A bounch of haires discolourd diversly:</p> +<a name="ii.97"></a><p class="i2">Full jolly knight he seemde, and well addrest,</p> +<a name="ii.98"></a><p class="i2">And when he sate upon his courser free,</p> +<a name="ii.99"></a><p>Saint George himself ye would have deemed him to be.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="ii.100"></a><p>But he the knight, whose semblaunt he did beare,</p> +<a name="ii.101"></a><p class="i2">The true Saint George, was wandred far away,</p> +<a name="ii.102"></a><p class="i2">Still flying from his thoughts and gealous feare;</p> +<a name="ii.103"></a><p class="i2">Will was his guide, and griefe led him astray.</p> +<a name="ii.104"></a><p class="i2">At last him chaunst to meete upon the way</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="ii.105"></a><p class="i2">A faithless Sarazin<a href="#Nt_ii.105">°</a> all arm'd to point,</p> +<a name="ii.106"></a><p class="i2">In whose great shield was writ with letters gay</p> +<a name="ii.107"></a><p class="i2"><i>Sans foy:</i> full large of limbe and every joint</p> +<a name="ii.108"></a><p>He was, and cared not for God or man a point.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.109"></a><p>He had a faire companion<a href="#Nt_ii.109">°</a> of his way,</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="ii.110"></a><p class="i2">A goodly Lady clad in scarlot red,</p> +<a name="ii.111"></a><p class="i2">Purfled with gold and pearle of rich assay,</p> +<a name="ii.112"></a><p class="i2">And like a Persian mitre on her hed</p> +<a name="ii.113"></a><p class="i2">She wore, with crowns and owches garnished,</p> +<a name="ii.114"></a><p class="i2">The which her lavish lovers to her gave;</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="ii.115"></a><p class="i2">Her wanton palfrey all was overspred</p> +<a name="ii.116"></a><p class="i2">With tinsell trappings, woven like a wave,</p> +<a name="ii.117"></a><p>Whose bridle rung with golden bels and bosses brave.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.118"></a><p>With faire disport and courting dalliaunce</p> +<a name="ii.119"></a><p class="i2">She intertainde her lover all the way:</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="ii.120"></a><p class="i2">But when she saw the knight his speare advaunce,</p> +<a name="ii.121"></a><p class="i2">She soone left off her mirth and wanton play,</p> +<a name="ii.122"></a><p class="i2">And bade her knight addresse him to the fray:</p> +<a name="ii.123"></a><p class="i2">His foe was nigh at hand. He prickt with pride</p> +<a name="ii.124"></a><p class="i2">And hope to winne his Ladies heart that day,</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="ii.125"></a><p class="i2">Forth spurred fast: adowne his coursers side</p> +<a name="ii.126"></a><p>The red bloud trickling staind the way, as he did ride.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.127"></a><p>The knight of the Redcrosse when him he spide,</p> +<a name="ii.128"></a><p class="i2">Spurring so hote with rage dispiteous,</p> +<a name="ii.129"></a><p class="i2">Gan fairely couch his speare, and towards ride:</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="ii.130"></a><p class="i2">Soone meete they both, both fell and furious,</p> +<a name="ii.131"></a><p class="i2">That daunted with their forces hideous,</p> +<a name="ii.132"></a><p class="i2">Their steeds do stagger, and amazed stand,</p> +<a name="ii.133"></a><p class="i2">And eke themselves, too rudely rigorous,</p> +<a name="ii.134"></a><p class="i2">Astonied with the stroke of their owne hand</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="ii.135"></a><p>Doe backe rebut, and each to other yeeldeth land.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.136"></a><p>As when two rams<a href="#Nt_ii.136">°</a> stird with ambitious pride,</p> +<a name="ii.137"></a><p class="i2">Fight for the rule of the rich fleeced flocke,</p> +<a name="ii.138"></a><p class="i2">Their horned fronts so fierce on either side</p> +<a name="ii.139"></a><p class="i2">Do meete, that with the terrour of the shocke</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="ii.140"></a><p class="i2">Astonied both, stand sencelesse as a blocke,</p> +<a name="ii.141"></a><p class="i2">Forgetfull of the hanging victory:<a href="#Nt_ii.141">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.142"></a><p class="i2">So stood these twaine, unmoved as a rocke,</p> +<a name="ii.143"></a><p class="i2">Both staring fierce, and holding idely</p> +<a name="ii.144"></a><p>The broken reliques<a href="#Nt_ii.144">°</a> of their former cruelty.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="ii.145"></a><p>The Sarazin sore daunted with the buffe</p> +<a name="ii.146"></a><p class="i2">Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies;</p> +<a name="ii.147"></a><p class="i2">Who well it wards, and quyteth cuff with cuff:</p> +<a name="ii.148"></a><p class="i2">Each others equall puissaunce envies,<a href="#Nt_ii.148">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.149"></a><p class="i2">And through their iron sides<a href="#Nt_ii.149">°</a> with cruell spies</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="ii.150"></a><p class="i2">Does seeke to perce: repining courage yields</p> +<a name="ii.151"></a><p class="i2">No foote to foe. The flashing fier flies</p> +<a name="ii.152"></a><p class="i2">As from a forge out of their burning shields,</p> +<a name="ii.153"></a><p>And streams of purple bloud new dies the verdant fields.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.154"></a><p>Curse on that Crosse (quoth then the Sarazin),</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="ii.155"></a><p class="i2">That keepes thy body from the bitter fit;<a href="#Nt_ii.155">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.156"></a><p class="i2">Dead long ygoe I wote thou haddest bin,</p> +<a name="ii.157"></a><p class="i2">Had not that charme from thee forwarned it:</p> +<a name="ii.158"></a><p class="i2">But yet I warne thee now assured sitt,<a href="#Nt_ii.158">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.159"></a><p class="i2">And hide thy head. Therewith upon his crest</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="ii.160"></a><p class="i2">With rigour so outrageous<a href="#Nt_ii.160">°</a> he smitt,</p> +<a name="ii.161"></a><p class="i2">That a large share<a href="#Nt_ii.161">°</a> it hewd out of the rest,</p> +<a name="ii.162"></a><p>And glauncing down his shield from blame him fairly blest.<a href="#Nt_ii.162">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.163"></a><p>Who thereat wondrous wroth, the sleeping spark</p> +<a name="ii.164"></a><p class="i2">Of native vertue gan eftsoones revive,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="ii.165"></a><p class="i2">And at his haughtie helmet making mark,</p> +<a name="ii.166"></a><p class="i2">So hugely stroke, that it the steele did rive,</p> +<a name="ii.167"></a><p class="i2">And cleft his head. He tumbling downe alive,</p> +<a name="ii.168"></a><p class="i2">With bloudy mouth his mother earth did kis.</p> +<a name="ii.169"></a><p class="i2">Greeting his grave: his grudging<a href="#Nt_ii.169">°</a> ghost did strive</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="ii.170"></a><p class="i2">With the fraile flesh; at last it flitted is,</p> +<a name="ii.171"></a><p>Whither the soules do fly of men that live amis.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.172"></a><p>The Lady when she saw her champion fall,</p> +<a name="ii.173"></a><p class="i2">Like the old ruines of a broken towre,</p> +<a name="ii.174"></a><p class="i2">Staid not to waile his woefull funerall,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="ii.175"></a><p class="i2">But from him fled away with all her powre;</p> +<a name="ii.176"></a><p class="i2">Who after her as hastily gan scowre,</p> +<a name="ii.177"></a><p class="i2">Bidding the Dwarfe with him to bring away</p> +<a name="ii.178"></a><p class="i2">The Sarazins shield, signe of the conqueroure.</p> +<a name="ii.179"></a><p class="i2">Her soone he overtooke, and bad to stay,</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="ii.180"></a><p>For present cause was none of dread her to dismay.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.181"></a><p>She turning backe with ruefull countenaunce,</p> +<a name="ii.182"></a><p class="i2">Cride, Mercy mercy Sir vouchsafe to show</p> +<a name="ii.183"></a><p class="i2">On silly Dame, subject to hard mischaunce,</p> +<a name="ii.184"></a><p class="i2">And to your mighty will. Her humblesse low</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="ii.185"></a><p class="i2">In so ritch weedes and seeming glorious show,</p> +<a name="ii.186"></a><p class="i2">Did much emmove his stout heroicke heart,</p> +<a name="ii.187"></a><p class="i2">And said, Deare dame, your suddin overthrow</p> +<a name="ii.188"></a><p class="i2">Much rueth me; but now put feare apart,</p> +<a name="ii.189"></a><p>And tell, both who ye be, and who that tooke your part.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="ii.190"></a><p>Melting in teares, then gan she thus lament;</p> +<a name="ii.191"></a><p class="i2">The wretched woman, whom unhappy howre</p> +<a name="ii.192"></a><p class="i2">Hath now made thrall to your commandement,</p> +<a name="ii.193"></a><p class="i2">Before that angry heavens list to lowre,</p> +<a name="ii.194"></a><p class="i2">And fortune false betraide me to your powre,</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="ii.195"></a><p class="i2">Was, (O what now availeth that I was!)</p> +<a name="ii.196"></a><p class="i2">Borne the sole daughter of an Emperour,<a href="#Nt_ii.196">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.197"></a><p class="i2">He that the wide West under his rule has,</p> +<a name="ii.198"></a><p>And high hath set his throne, where Tiberis doth pas.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.199"></a><p>He in the first flowre of my freshest age,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="ii.200"></a><p class="i2">Betrothed me unto the onely haire<a href="#Nt_ii.200">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.201"></a><p class="i2">Of a most mighty king, most rich and sage;</p> +<a name="ii.202"></a><p class="i2">Was never Prince so faithfull and so faire,</p> +<a name="ii.203"></a><p class="i2">Was never Prince so meeke and debonaire;</p> +<a name="ii.204"></a><p class="i2">But ere my hoped day of spousall shone,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="ii.205"></a><p class="i2">My dearest Lord fell from high honours staire</p> +<a name="ii.206"></a><p class="i2">Into the hands of his accursed fone,</p> +<a name="ii.207"></a><p>And cruelly was slaine, that shall I ever mone.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.208"></a><p>His blessed body spoild of lively breath,</p> +<a name="ii.209"></a><p class="i2">Was afterward, I know not how, convaid</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="ii.210"></a><p class="i2">And fro me hid: of whose most innocent death</p> +<a name="ii.211"></a><p class="i2">When tidings came to me, unhappy maid,</p> +<a name="ii.212"></a><p class="i2">O how great sorrow my sad soule assaid.</p> +<a name="ii.213"></a><p class="i2">Then forth I went his woefull corse to find,</p> +<a name="ii.214"></a><p class="i2">And many yeares throughout the world I straid,</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="ii.215"></a><p class="i2">A virgin widow, whose deepe wounded mind</p> +<a name="ii.216"></a><p>With love long time did languish as the striken hind.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.217"></a><p>At last it chaunced this proud Sarazin</p> +<a name="ii.218"></a><p class="i2">To meete me wandring, who perforce me led</p> +<a name="ii.219"></a><p class="i2">With him away, but yet could never win</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="ii.220"></a><p class="i2">The Fort, that Ladies hold in soveraigne dread;</p> +<a name="ii.221"></a><p class="i2">There lies he now with foule dishonour dead,</p> +<a name="ii.222"></a><p class="i2">Who whiles he livde, was called proud Sansfoy,</p> +<a name="ii.223"></a><p class="i2">The eldest of three brethren, all three bred</p> +<a name="ii.224"></a><p class="i2">Of one bad sire, whose youngest is Sansjoy;</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="ii.225"></a><p>And twixt them both was born the bloudy bold Sansloy.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.226"></a><p>In this sad plight, friendlesse, unfortunate,</p> +<a name="ii.227"></a><p class="i2">Now miserable I Fidessa dwell,</p> +<a name="ii.228"></a><p class="i2">Craving of you in pitty of my state,</p> +<a name="ii.229"></a><p class="i2">To do none ill, if please ye not do well.</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="ii.230"></a><p class="i2">He in great passion all this while did dwell,</p> +<a name="ii.231"></a><p class="i2">More busying his quicke eyes, her face to view,</p> +<a name="ii.232"></a><p class="i2">Then his dull eares, to heare what she did tell;</p> +<a name="ii.233"></a><p class="i2">And said, Faire Lady hart of flint would rew</p> +<a name="ii.234"></a><p>The undeserved woes and sorrowes which ye shew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="ii.235"></a><p>Henceforth in safe assuraunce may ye rest,</p> +<a name="ii.236"></a><p class="i2">Having both found a new friend you to aid,</p> +<a name="ii.237"></a><p class="i2">And lost an old foe that did you molest:</p> +<a name="ii.238"></a><p class="i2">Better new friend then an old foe is said.</p> +<a name="ii.239"></a><p class="i2">With chaunge of cheare the seeming simple maid</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="ii.240"></a><p class="i2">Let fall her eyen, as shamefast to the earth,</p> +<a name="ii.241"></a><p class="i2">And yeelding soft, in that she nought gain-said,</p> +<a name="ii.242"></a><p class="i2">So forth they rode, he feining seemely merth,</p> +<a name="ii.243"></a><p>And she coy lookes: so dainty they say maketh derth.<a href="#Nt_ii.243">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.244"></a><p>Long time they thus together traveiled,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="ii.245"></a><p class="i2">Till weary of their way, they came at last</p> +<a name="ii.246"></a><p class="i2">Where grew two goodly trees, that faire did spred</p> +<a name="ii.247"></a><p class="i2">Their armes abroad, with gray mosse overcast,</p> +<a name="ii.248"></a><p class="i2">And their greene leaves trembling with every blast,</p> +<a name="ii.249"></a><p class="i2">Made a calme shadow far in compasse round:</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="ii.250"></a><p class="i2">The fearfull Shepheard often there aghast</p> +<a name="ii.251"></a><p class="i2">Under them never sat, ne wont there sound<a href="#Nt_ii.251">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.252"></a><p>His mery oaten pipe, but shund th' unlucky ground.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.253"></a><p>But this good knight soone as he them can spie,</p> +<a name="ii.254"></a><p class="i2">For the cool shade<a href="#Nt_ii.254">°</a> him thither hastly got:</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="ii.255"></a><p class="i2">For golden Phœbus now ymounted hie,</p> +<a name="ii.256"></a><p class="i2">From fiery wheeles of his faire chariot</p> +<a name="ii.257"></a><p class="i2">Hurled his beame so scorching cruell hot,</p> +<a name="ii.258"></a><p class="i2">That living creature mote it not abide;</p> +<a name="ii.259"></a><p class="i2">And his new Lady it endured not.</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="ii.260"></a><p class="i2">There they alight, in hope themselves to hide</p> +<a name="ii.261"></a><p>From the fierce heat, and rest their weary limbs a tide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.262"></a><p>Faire seemely pleasaunce<a href="#Nt_ii.262">°</a> each to other makes,</p> +<a name="ii.263"></a><p class="i2">With goodly purposes<a href="#Nt_ii.263">°</a> there as they sit:</p> +<a name="ii.264"></a><p class="i2">And in his falsed fancy he her takes</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="ii.265"></a><p class="i2">To be the fairest wight that lived yit;</p> +<a name="ii.266"></a><p class="i2">Which to expresse he bends his gentle wit,</p> +<a name="ii.267"></a><p class="i2">And thinking of those braunches greene to frame</p> +<a name="ii.268"></a><p class="i2">A girlond for her dainty forehead fit,</p> +<a name="ii.269"></a><p class="i2">He pluckt a bough;<a href="#Nt_ii.269">°</a> out of whose rift there came</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="ii.270"></a><p>Small drops of gory bloud, that trickled down the same.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.271"></a><p>Therewith a piteous yelling voyce was heard,</p> +<a name="ii.272"></a><p class="i2">Crying, O spare with guilty hands<a href="#Nt_ii.272">°</a> to teare</p> +<a name="ii.273"></a><p class="i2">My tender sides in this rough rynd embard,</p> +<a name="ii.274"></a><p class="i2">But fly, ah fly far hence away, for feare</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="ii.275"></a><p class="i2">Least to you hap, that happened to me heare,</p> +<a name="ii.276"></a><p class="i2">And to this wretched Lady, my deare love,</p> +<a name="ii.277"></a><p class="i2">O too deare love, love bought with death too deare.</p> +<a name="ii.278"></a><p class="i2">Astond he stood, and up his haire did hove,</p> +<a name="ii.279"></a><p>And with that suddein horror could no member move.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="ii.280"></a><p>At last whenas the dreadfull passion</p> +<a name="ii.281"></a><p class="i2">Was overpast, and manhood well awake,</p> +<a name="ii.282"></a><p class="i2">Yet musing at the straunge occasion,</p> +<a name="ii.283"></a><p class="i2">And doubting much his sence, he thus bespake;</p> +<a name="ii.284"></a><p class="i2">What voyce of damned Ghost from Limbo lake,<a href="#Nt_ii.284">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="ii.285"></a><p class="i2">Or guilefull spright wandring in empty aire,</p> +<a name="ii.286"></a><p class="i2">Both which fraile men do oftentimes mistake,</p> +<a name="ii.287"></a><p class="i2">Sends to my doubtfull eares these speaches rare,</p> +<a name="ii.288"></a><p>And ruefull plaints, me bidding guiltlesse bloud to spare?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.289"></a><p>Then groning deepe, Nor damned Ghost, (quoth he,)</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="ii.290"></a><p class="i2">Nor guileful sprite to thee these wordes doth speake,</p> +<a name="ii.291"></a><p class="i2">But once a man Fradubio,<a href="#Nt_ii.291">°</a> now a tree,</p> +<a name="ii.292"></a><p class="i2">Wretched man, wretched tree; whose nature weake</p> +<a name="ii.293"></a><p class="i2">A cruell witch her cursed will to wreake,</p> +<a name="ii.294"></a><p class="i2">Hath thus transformd, and plast in open plaines,</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="ii.295"></a><p class="i2">Where Boreas doth blow full bitter bleake,</p> +<a name="ii.296"></a><p class="i2">And scorching Sunne does dry my secret vaines:</p> +<a name="ii.297"></a><p>For though a tree I seeme, yet cold and heat me paines.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.298"></a><p>Say on Fradubio then, or man, or tree,</p> +<a name="ii.299"></a><p class="i2">Quoth then the knight, by whose mischievous arts</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="ii.300"></a><p class="i2">Art thou misshaped thus, as now I see?</p> +<a name="ii.301"></a><p class="i2">He oft finds med'cine, who his griefe imparts;</p> +<a name="ii.302"></a><p class="i2">But double griefs afflict concealing harts,</p> +<a name="ii.303"></a><p class="i2">As raging flames who striveth to suppresse.</p> +<a name="ii.304"></a><p class="i2">The author then (said he) of all my smarts,</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="ii.305"></a><p class="i2">Is one Duessa a false sorceresse,</p> +<a name="ii.306"></a><p>That many errant knights hath brought to wretchednesse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.307"></a><p>In prime of youthly yeares, when corage hot</p> +<a name="ii.308"></a><p class="i2">The fire of love and joy of chevalree</p> +<a name="ii.309"></a><p class="i2">First kindled in my brest, it was my lot</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="ii.310"></a><p class="i2">To love this gentle Lady, whom ye see,</p> +<a name="ii.311"></a><p class="i2">Now not a Lady, but a seeming tree;</p> +<a name="ii.312"></a><p class="i2">With whom as once I rode accompanyde,</p> +<a name="ii.313"></a><p class="i2">Me chaunced of a knight encountred bee,</p> +<a name="ii.314"></a><p class="i2">That had a like faire Lady by his syde,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="ii.315"></a><p>Like a faire Lady, but did fowle Duessa hyde.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.316"></a><p>Whose forged beauty he did take in hand,</p> +<a name="ii.317"></a><p class="i2">All other Dames to have exceeded farre;</p> +<a name="ii.318"></a><p class="i2">I in defence of mine did likewise stand,</p> +<a name="ii.319"></a><p class="i2">Mine, that did then shine as the Morning starre.</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="ii.320"></a><p class="i2">So both to battell fierce arraunged arre,</p> +<a name="ii.321"></a><p class="i2">In which his harder fortune was to fall</p> +<a name="ii.322"></a><p class="i2">Under my speare: such is the dye of warre:</p> +<a name="ii.323"></a><p class="i2">His Lady left as a prise martiall,</p> +<a name="ii.324"></a><p>Did yield her comely person to be at my call.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="ii.325"></a><p>So doubly lov'd of Ladies unlike faire,</p> +<a name="ii.326"></a><p class="i2">Th' one seeming such, the other such indeede,</p> +<a name="ii.327"></a><p class="i2">One day in doubt I cast for to compare,</p> +<a name="ii.328"></a><p class="i2">Whether in beauties glorie did exceede;</p> +<a name="ii.329"></a><p class="i2">A Rosy girlond was the victors meede:</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="ii.330"></a><p class="i2">Both seemde to win, and both seemde won to bee,</p> +<a name="ii.331"></a><p class="i2">So hard the discord was to be agreede.</p> +<a name="ii.332"></a><p class="i2">Fraelissa was as faire, as faire mote bee,</p> +<a name="ii.333"></a><p>And ever false Duessa seemde as faire as shee.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.334"></a><p>The wicked witch now seeing all this while</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="ii.335"></a><p class="i2">The doubtfull ballaunce equally to sway,</p> +<a name="ii.336"></a><p class="i2">What not by right, she cast to win by guile,</p> +<a name="ii.337"></a><p class="i2">And by her hellish science raisd streightway</p> +<a name="ii.338"></a><p class="i2">A foggy mist, that overcast the day,</p> +<a name="ii.339"></a><p class="i2">And a dull blast, that breathing on her face,</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="ii.340"></a><p class="i2">Dimmed her former beauties shining ray,</p> +<a name="ii.341"></a><p class="i2">And with foule ugly forme did her disgrace:</p> +<a name="ii.342"></a><p>Then was she faire alone, when none was faire in place.<a href="#Nt_ii.342">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.343"></a><p>Then cride she out, Fye, fye, deformed wight,</p> +<a name="ii.344"></a><p class="i2">Whose borrowed beautie now appeareth plaine</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="ii.345"></a><p class="i2">To have before bewitched all mens sight;</p> +<a name="ii.346"></a><p class="i2">O leave her soone, or let her soone be slaine.</p> +<a name="ii.347"></a><p class="i2">Her loathly visage viewing with disdaine,</p> +<a name="ii.348"></a><p class="i2">Eftsoones I thought her such, as she me told,</p> +<a name="ii.349"></a><p class="i2">And would have kild her; but with faigned paine</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="ii.350"></a><p class="i2">The false witch did my wrathfull hand with-hold;</p> +<a name="ii.351"></a><p>So left her, where she now is turnd to treen mould.<a href="#Nt_ii.351">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.352"></a><p>Then forth I tooke Duessa for my Dame,</p> +<a name="ii.353"></a><p class="i2">And in the witch unweeting joyd long time,</p> +<a name="ii.354"></a><p class="i2">Ne ever wist but that she was the same,<a href="#Nt_ii.354">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="ii.355"></a><p class="i2">Till on a day (that day is every Prime,</p> +<a name="ii.356"></a><p class="i2">When Witches wont do penance for their crime)</p> +<a name="ii.357"></a><p class="i2">I chaunst to see her in her proper hew,<a href="#Nt_ii.357">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.358"></a><p class="i2">Bathing her selfe in origane and thyme:</p> +<a name="ii.359"></a><p class="i2">A filthy foule old woman I did vew,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="ii.360"></a><p>That ever to have toucht her I did deadly rew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.361"></a><p>Her neather parts misshapen, monstruous,</p> +<a name="ii.362"></a><p class="i2">Were hidd in water, that I could not see.</p> +<a name="ii.363"></a><p class="i2">But they did seeme more foule and hideous,</p> +<a name="ii.364"></a><p class="i2">Then womans shape man would beleeve to bee.</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="ii.365"></a><p class="i2">Thensforth from her most beastly companie</p> +<a name="ii.366"></a><p class="i2">I gan refraine, in minde to slip away,</p> +<a name="ii.367"></a><p class="i2">Soone as appeard safe opportunitie:</p> +<a name="ii.368"></a><p class="i2">For danger great, if not assur'd decay,</p> +<a name="ii.369"></a><p>I saw before mine eyes, if I were knowne to stray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="ii.370"></a><p>The divelish hag by chaunges of my cheare<a href="#Nt_ii.370">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.371"></a><p class="i2">Perceiv'd my thought, and drownd in sleepie night,<a href="#Nt_ii.371">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.372"></a><p class="i2">With wicked herbs and ointments did besmeare</p> +<a name="ii.373"></a><p class="i2">My body all, through charms and magicke might,</p> +<a name="ii.374"></a><p class="i2">That all my senses were bereaved quight:</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="ii.375"></a><p class="i2">Then brought she me into this desert waste,</p> +<a name="ii.376"></a><p class="i2">And by my wretched lovers side me pight,</p> +<a name="ii.377"></a><p class="i2">Where now enclosd in wooden wals full faste,</p> +<a name="ii.378"></a><p>Banisht from living wights, our wearie dayes we waste.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.379"></a><p>But how long time, said then the Elfin knight,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="ii.380"></a><p class="i2">Are you in this misformed house to dwell?</p> +<a name="ii.381"></a><p class="i2">We may not chaunge (quoth he) this evil plight,</p> +<a name="ii.382"></a><p class="i2">Till we be bathed in a living well;<a href="#Nt_ii.382">°</a></p> +<a name="ii.383"></a><p class="i2">That is the terme prescribed by the spell.</p> +<a name="ii.384"></a><p class="i2">O how, said he, mote I that well out find,</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="ii.385"></a><p class="i2">That may restore you to your wonted well?</p> +<a name="ii.386"></a><p class="i2">Time and suffised fates to former kynd</p> +<a name="ii.387"></a><p>Shall us restore, none else from hence may us unbynd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.388"></a><p>The false Duessa, now Fidessa hight,</p> +<a name="ii.389"></a><p class="i2">Heard how in vaine Fradubio did lament,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="ii.390"></a><p class="i2">And knew well all was true. But the good knight</p> +<a name="ii.391"></a><p class="i2">Full of sad feare and ghastly dreriment,</p> +<a name="ii.392"></a><p class="i2">When all this speech the living tree had spent,</p> +<a name="ii.393"></a><p class="i2">The bleeding bough did thrust into the ground,</p> +<a name="ii.394"></a><p class="i2">That from the bloud he might be innocent,</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="ii.395"></a><p class="i2">And with fresh clay did close the wooden wound:</p> +<a name="ii.396"></a><p>Then turning to his Lady, dead with feare her found.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ii.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ii.397"></a><p>Her seeming dead he found with feigned feare,</p> +<a name="ii.398"></a><p class="i2">As all unweeting of that well she knew,</p> +<a name="ii.399"></a><p class="i2">And paynd himselfe with busie care to reare</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="ii.400"></a><p class="i2">Her out of carelesse swowne. Her eyelids blew</p> +<a name="ii.401"></a><p class="i2">And dimmed sight with pale and deadly hew</p> +<a name="ii.402"></a><p class="i2">At last she up gan lift: with trembling cheare</p> +<a name="ii.403"></a><p class="i2">Her up he tooke, too simple and too trew,</p> +<a name="ii.404"></a><p class="i2">And oft her kist. At length all passed feare,<a href="#Nt_ii.404">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="ii.405"></a><p>He set her on her steede, and forward forth did beare.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_III"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO III</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">Forsaken Truth long seekes her love,</p> +<p class="z10">and makes the Lyon mylde,</p> +<p class="z8">Marres blind Devotions mart, and fals</p> +<p class="z10">in hand of leachour vylde.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.1"></a><p>NOUGHT is there under heav'ns wide hollownesse,</p> +<a name="iii.2"></a><p class="i2">That moves more deare compassion of mind,</p> +<a name="iii.3"></a><p class="i2">Then beautie brought t' unworthy wretchednesse</p> +<a name="iii.4"></a><p class="i2">Through envies snares, or fortunes freakes unkind.</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="iii.5"></a><p class="i2">I, whether lately through her brightnesse blind,</p> +<a name="iii.6"></a><p class="i2">Or through alleageance and fast fealtie,</p> +<a name="iii.7"></a><p class="i2">Which I do owe unto all woman kind,</p> +<a name="iii.8"></a><p class="i2">Feele my hart perst with so great agonie,</p> +<a name="iii.9"></a><p>When such I see, that all for pittie I could die.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="iii.10"></a><p>And now it is empassioned so deepe,</p> +<a name="iii.11"></a><p class="i2">For fairest Unaes sake, of whom I sing,</p> +<a name="iii.12"></a><p class="i2">That my fraile eyes these lines with teares do steepe,</p> +<a name="iii.13"></a><p class="i2">To thinke how she through guilefull handeling,</p> +<a name="iii.14"></a><p class="i2">Though true as touch,<a href="#Nt_iii.14">°</a> though daughter of a king,</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="iii.15"></a><p class="i2">Though faire as ever living wight was faire,</p> +<a name="iii.16"></a><p class="i2">Though nor in word nor deede ill meriting,</p> +<a name="iii.17"></a><p class="i2">Is from her knight divorced in despaire,</p> +<a name="iii.18"></a><p>And her due loves<a href="#Nt_iii.18">°</a> deriv'd to that vile witches share.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.19"></a><p>Yet she most faithfull Ladie all this while</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="iii.20"></a><p class="i2">Forsaken, wofull, solitarie mayd</p> +<a name="iii.21"></a><p class="i2">Far from all peoples prease, as in exile,</p> +<a name="iii.22"></a><p class="i2">In wildernesse and wastfull deserts strayd,</p> +<a name="iii.23"></a><p class="i2">To seeke her knight; who subtilly betrayd</p> +<a name="iii.24"></a><p class="i2">Through that late vision, which th' Enchaunter wrought,</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="iii.25"></a><p class="i2">Had her abandond. She of nought affrayd,</p> +<a name="iii.26"></a><p class="i2">Through woods and wastnesse wide him daily sought;</p> +<a name="iii.27"></a><p>Yet wished tydings<a href="#Nt_iii.27">°</a> none of him unto her brought.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.28"></a><p>One day nigh wearie of the yrkesome way,</p> +<a name="iii.29"></a><p class="i2">From her unhastie beast she did alight,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="iii.30"></a><p class="i2">And on the grasse her daintie limbes did lay</p> +<a name="iii.31"></a><p class="i2">In secret shadow, farre from all mens sight:</p> +<a name="iii.32"></a><p class="i2">From her faire head her fillet she undight,</p> +<a name="iii.33"></a><p class="i2">And laid her stole aside. Her angels face</p> +<a name="iii.34"></a><p class="i2">As the great eye of heaven<a href="#Nt_iii.34">°</a> shyned bright,</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="iii.35"></a><p class="i2">And made a sunshine in the shadie place;</p> +<a name="iii.36"></a><p>Did never mortall eye behold such heavenly grace.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.37"></a><p>It fortuned out of the thickest wood</p> +<a name="iii.38"></a><p class="i2">A ramping Lyon<a href="#Nt_iii.38">°</a> rushed suddainly,</p> +<a name="iii.39"></a><p class="i2">Hunting full greedy after salvage blood;</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="iii.40"></a><p class="i2">Soone as the royall virgin he did spy,</p> +<a name="iii.41"></a><p class="i2">With gaping mouth at her ran greedily,</p> +<a name="iii.42"></a><p class="i2">To have attonce devourd her tender corse:</p> +<a name="iii.43"></a><p class="i2">But to the pray when as he drew more ny,</p> +<a name="iii.44"></a><p class="i2">His bloody rage asswaged with remorse,</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="iii.45"></a><p>And with the sight amazd, forgat his furious forse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.46"></a><p>In stead thereof he kist her wearie feet,</p> +<a name="iii.47"></a><p class="i2">And lickt her lilly hands with fawning tong,</p> +<a name="iii.48"></a><p class="i2">As he her wronged innocence did weet.</p> +<a name="iii.49"></a><p class="i2">O how can beautie maister the most strong,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="iii.50"></a><p class="i2">And simple truth subdue avenging wrong?</p> +<a name="iii.51"></a><p class="i2">Whose yeelded pride<a href="#Nt_iii.51">°</a> and proud submission,</p> +<a name="iii.52"></a><p class="i2">Still dreading death, when she had marked long,</p> +<a name="iii.53"></a><p class="i2">Her hart gan melt in great compassion,</p> +<a name="iii.54"></a><p>And drizling teares did shed for pure affection.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="iii.55"></a><p>The Lyon Lord of every beast in field,</p> +<a name="iii.56"></a><p class="i2">Quoth she, his princely puissance doth abate,</p> +<a name="iii.57"></a><p class="i2">And mightie proud to humble weake does yield,</p> +<a name="iii.58"></a><p class="i2">Forgetfull of the hungry rage, which late</p> +<a name="iii.59"></a><p class="i2">Him prickt, in pittie of my sad estate:</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="iii.60"></a><p class="i2">But he my Lyon, and my noble Lord,</p> +<a name="iii.61"></a><p class="i2">How does he find in cruell hart to hate,</p> +<a name="iii.62"></a><p class="i2">Her that him lov'd, and ever most adord,</p> +<a name="iii.63"></a><p>As the God of my life? why hath he me abhord?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.64"></a><p>Redounding teares did choke th' end of her plaint,</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="iii.65"></a><p class="i2">Which softly ecchoed from the neighbour wood;</p> +<a name="iii.66"></a><p class="i2">And sad to see her sorrowfull constraint</p> +<a name="iii.67"></a><p class="i2">The kingly beast upon her gazing stood;</p> +<a name="iii.68"></a><p class="i2">With pittie calmd, downe fell his angry mood.</p> +<a name="iii.69"></a><p class="i2">At last in close hart shutting up her paine,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="iii.70"></a><p class="i2">Arose the virgin borne of heavenly brood,</p> +<a name="iii.71"></a><p class="i2">And to her snowy Palfrey got againe,</p> +<a name="iii.72"></a><p>To seeke her strayed Champion, if she might attaine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.73"></a><p>The Lyon would not leave her desolate,</p> +<a name="iii.74"></a><p class="i2">But with her went along, as a strong gard</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="iii.75"></a><p class="i2">Of her chast person, and a faithfull mate</p> +<a name="iii.76"></a><p class="i2">Of her sad troubles and misfortunes hard:</p> +<a name="iii.77"></a><p class="i2">Still when she slept, he kept both watch and ward,<a href="#Nt_iii.77">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.78"></a><p class="i2">And when she wakt, he waited diligent,</p> +<a name="iii.79"></a><p class="i2">With humble service to her will prepard:</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="iii.80"></a><p class="i2">From her faire eyes he tooke commaundement,</p> +<a name="iii.81"></a><p>And ever by her lookes conceived her intent.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.82"></a><p>Long she thus traveiled through deserts wyde,</p> +<a name="iii.83"></a><p class="i2">By which she thought her wandring knight shold pas,</p> +<a name="iii.84"></a><p class="i2">Yet never shew of living wight espyde;</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="iii.85"></a><p class="i2">Till that at length she found the troden gras,</p> +<a name="iii.86"></a><p class="i2">In which the tract of peoples footing was,</p> +<a name="iii.87"></a><p class="i2">Under the steepe foot of a mountaine hore;</p> +<a name="iii.88"></a><p class="i2">The same she followes, till at last she has</p> +<a name="iii.89"></a><p class="i2">A damzell spyde<a href="#Nt_iii.89">°</a> slow footing her before,</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="iii.90"></a><p>That on her shoulders sad a pot of water bore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.91"></a><p>To whom approching she to her gan call,</p> +<a name="iii.92"></a><p class="i2">To weet, if dwelling place were nigh at hand;</p> +<a name="iii.93"></a><p class="i2">But the rude wench her answerd nought at all;</p> +<a name="iii.94"></a><p class="i2">She could not heare, nor speake, nor understand;</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="iii.95"></a><p class="i2">Till seeing by her side the Lyon stand,</p> +<a name="iii.96"></a><p class="i2">With suddaine feare her pitcher downe she threw,</p> +<a name="iii.97"></a><p class="i2">And fled away: for never in that land</p> +<a name="iii.98"></a><p class="i2">Face of faire Ladie she before did vew,</p> +<a name="iii.99"></a><p>And that dread Lyons looke her cast in deadly hew.<a href="#Nt_iii.99">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="iii.100"></a><p>Full fast she fled, ne never lookt behynd,</p> +<a name="iii.101"></a><p class="i2">As if her life upon the wager lay,<a href="#Nt_iii.101">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.102"></a><p class="i2">And home she came, whereas her mother blynd<a href="#Nt_iii.102">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.103"></a><p class="i2">Sate in eternall night: nought could she say,</p> +<a name="iii.104"></a><p class="i2">But suddaine catching hold, did her dismay</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="iii.105"></a><p class="i2">With quaking hands, and other signes of feare;</p> +<a name="iii.106"></a><p class="i2">Who full of ghastly fright and cold affray,</p> +<a name="iii.107"></a><p class="i2">Gan shut the dore. By this arrived there</p> +<a name="iii.108"></a><p>Dame Una, wearie Dame, and entrance did requere.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.109"></a><p>Which when none yeelded, her unruly Page<a href="#Nt_iii.109">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="iii.110"></a><p class="i2">With his rude claws the wicket open rent,</p> +<a name="iii.111"></a><p class="i2">And let her in; where of his cruell rage</p> +<a name="iii.112"></a><p class="i2">Nigh dead with feare, and faint astonishment,</p> +<a name="iii.113"></a><p class="i2">She found them both in darkesome corner pent;</p> +<a name="iii.114"></a><p class="i2">Where that old woman day and night did pray</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="iii.115"></a><p class="i2">Upon her beads devoutly penitent;</p> +<a name="iii.116"></a><p class="i2">Nine hundred <i>Pater nosters</i><a href="#Nt_iii.116">°</a> every day,</p> +<a name="iii.117"></a><p>And thrise nine hundred <i>Aves</i> she was wont to say.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.118"></a><p>And to augment her painefull pennance more,</p> +<a name="iii.119"></a><p class="i2">Thrise every weeke in ashes she did sit,</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="iii.120"></a><p class="i2">And next her wrinkled skin rough sackcloth wore,</p> +<a name="iii.121"></a><p class="i2">And thrise three times did fast from any bit:</p> +<a name="iii.122"></a><p class="i2">But now for feare her beads she did forget.</p> +<a name="iii.123"></a><p class="i2">Whose needlesse dread for to remove away,</p> +<a name="iii.124"></a><p class="i2">Faire Una framed words and count'nance fit:</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="iii.125"></a><p class="i2">Which hardly doen, at length she gan them pray,</p> +<a name="iii.126"></a><p>That in their cotage small that night she rest her may.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.127"></a><p>The day is spent, and commeth drowsie night,</p> +<a name="iii.128"></a><p class="i2">When every creature shrowded is in sleepe;</p> +<a name="iii.129"></a><p class="i2">Sad Una downe her laies in wearie plight,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="iii.130"></a><p class="i2">And at her feete the Lyon watch doth keepe:</p> +<a name="iii.131"></a><p class="i2">In stead of rest, she does lament, and weepe</p> +<a name="iii.132"></a><p class="i2">For the late losse of her deare loved knight,</p> +<a name="iii.133"></a><p class="i2">And sighes, and grones, and ever more does steepe</p> +<a name="iii.134"></a><p class="i2">Her tender brest in bitter teares all night,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="iii.135"></a><p>All night she thinks too long, and often lookes for light.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.136"></a><p>Now when Aldeboran<a href="#Nt_iii.136">°</a> was mounted hie</p> +<a name="iii.137"></a><p class="i2">Above the shynie Cassiopeias chaire,<a href="#Nt_iii.137">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.138"></a><p class="i2">And all in deadly sleepe did drowned lie,</p> +<a name="iii.139"></a><p class="i2">One knocked at the dore,<a href="#Nt_iii.139">°</a> and in would fare;</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="iii.140"></a><p class="i2">He knocked fast, and often curst, and sware,</p> +<a name="iii.141"></a><p class="i2">That readie entrance was not at his call:</p> +<a name="iii.142"></a><p class="i2">For on his backe a heavy load he bare</p> +<a name="iii.143"></a><p class="i2">Of nightly stelths, and pillage severall,</p> +<a name="iii.144"></a><p>Which he had got abroad by purchase criminall.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="iii.145"></a><p>He was, to weete, a stout and sturdy thiefe,</p> +<a name="iii.146"></a><p class="i2">Wont to robbe Churches of their ornaments,</p> +<a name="iii.147"></a><p class="i2">And poore mens boxes of their due reliefe,</p> +<a name="iii.148"></a><p class="i2">Which given was to them for good intents;</p> +<a name="iii.149"></a><p class="i2">The holy Saints of their rich vestiments</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="iii.150"></a><p class="i2">He did disrobe, when all men carelesse slept,</p> +<a name="iii.151"></a><p class="i2">And spoild the Priests of their habiliments,</p> +<a name="iii.152"></a><p class="i2">Whiles none the holy things in safety kept;</p> +<a name="iii.153"></a><p>Then he by conning sleights in at the window crept.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.154"></a><p>And all that he by right or wrong could find,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="iii.155"></a><p class="i2">Unto this house he brought, and did bestow</p> +<a name="iii.156"></a><p class="i2">Upon the daughter of this woman blind,</p> +<a name="iii.157"></a><p class="i2">Abessa, daughter of Corceca slow,</p> +<a name="iii.158"></a><p class="i2">With whom he whoredome usd, that few did know,</p> +<a name="iii.159"></a><p class="i2">And fed her fat with feast of offerings,</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="iii.160"></a><p class="i2">And plentie, which in all the land did grow;</p> +<a name="iii.161"></a><p class="i2">Ne spared he to give her gold and rings:</p> +<a name="iii.162"></a><p>And now he to her brought part of his stolen things.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.163"></a><p>Thus long the dore with rage and threats he bet,</p> +<a name="iii.164"></a><p class="i2">Yet of those fearfull women none durst rize,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="iii.165"></a><p class="i2">The Lyon frayed them, him in to let:</p> +<a name="iii.166"></a><p class="i2">He would no longer stay him to advize,<a href="#Nt_iii.166">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.167"></a><p class="i2">But open breakes the dore in furious wize,</p> +<a name="iii.168"></a><p class="i2">And entring is; when that disdainfull beast</p> +<a name="iii.169"></a><p class="i2">Encountring fierce, him suddaine doth surprize,</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="iii.170"></a><p class="i2">And seizing cruell clawes on trembling brest,</p> +<a name="iii.171"></a><p>Under his Lordly foot him proudly hath supprest.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.172"></a><p>Him booteth not resist,<a href="#Nt_iii.172">°</a> nor succour call,</p> +<a name="iii.173"></a><p class="i2">His bleeding hart is in the vengers hand,</p> +<a name="iii.174"></a><p class="i2">Who streight him rent in thousand peeces small,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="iii.175"></a><p class="i2">And quite dismembred hath: the thirsty land</p> +<a name="iii.176"></a><p class="i2">Drunke up his life; his corse left on the strand.</p> +<a name="iii.177"></a><p class="i2">His fearefull friends weare out the wofull night,</p> +<a name="iii.178"></a><p class="i2">Ne dare to weepe, nor seeme to understand</p> +<a name="iii.179"></a><p class="i2">The heavie hap, which on them is alight,</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="iii.180"></a><p>Affraid, least to themselves the like mishappen might.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.181"></a><p>Now when broad day the world discovered has,</p> +<a name="iii.182"></a><p class="i2">Up Una rose, up rose the Lyon eke,</p> +<a name="iii.183"></a><p class="i2">And on their former journey forward pas,</p> +<a name="iii.184"></a><p class="i2">In wayes unknowne, her wandring knight to seeke,</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="iii.185"></a><p class="i2">With paines farre passing that long wandring Greeke,<a href="#Nt_iii.185">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.186"></a><p class="i2">That for his love refused deitie;</p> +<a name="iii.187"></a><p class="i2">Such were the labours of his Lady meeke,</p> +<a name="iii.188"></a><p class="i2">Still seeking him, that from her still did flie;</p> +<a name="iii.189"></a><p>Then furthest from her hope, when most she weened nie.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="iii.190"></a><p>Soone as she parted thence, the fearfull twaine,</p> +<a name="iii.191"></a><p class="i2">That blind old woman and her daughter deare,<a href="#Nt_iii.xxii">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.192"></a><p class="i2">Came forth, and finding Kirkrapine there slaine,</p> +<a name="iii.193"></a><p class="i2">For anguish great they gan to rend their heare,</p> +<a name="iii.194"></a><p class="i2">And beat their brests, and naked flesh to teare.</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="iii.195"></a><p class="i2">And when they both had wept and wayld their fill,</p> +<a name="iii.196"></a><p class="i2">Then forth they ran like two amazed deare,</p> +<a name="iii.197"></a><p class="i2">Halfe mad through malice, and revenging will,</p> +<a name="iii.198"></a><p>To follow her, that was the causer of their ill.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.199"></a><p>Whom overtaking, they gan loudly bray,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="iii.200"></a><p class="i2">With hollow howling, and lamenting cry,</p> +<a name="iii.201"></a><p class="i2">Shamefully at her rayling all the way,</p> +<a name="iii.202"></a><p class="i2">And her accusing of dishonesty,</p> +<a name="iii.203"></a><p class="i2">That was the flowre of faith and chastity;</p> +<a name="iii.204"></a><p class="i2">And still amidst her rayling, she did pray,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="iii.205"></a><p class="i2">That plagues, and mischiefs, and long misery</p> +<a name="iii.206"></a><p class="i2">Might fall on her, and follow all the way,</p> +<a name="iii.207"></a><p>And that in endlesse error she might ever stray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.208"></a><p>But when she saw her prayers nought prevaile,</p> +<a name="iii.209"></a><p class="i2">She backe returned with some labour lost;</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="iii.210"></a><p class="i2">And in the way as shee did weepe and waile,</p> +<a name="iii.211"></a><p class="i2">A knight her met in mighty armes embost,</p> +<a name="iii.212"></a><p class="i2">Yet knight was not for all his bragging bost,</p> +<a name="iii.213"></a><p class="i2">But subtill Archimag, that Una sought</p> +<a name="iii.214"></a><p class="i2">By traynes into new troubles to have tost:</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="iii.215"></a><p class="i2">Of that old woman tidings he besought,</p> +<a name="iii.216"></a><p>If that of such a Ladie she could tellen ought.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.217"></a><p>Therewith she gan her passion to renew,</p> +<a name="iii.218"></a><p class="i2">And cry, and curse, and raile, and rend her heare,</p> +<a name="iii.219"></a><p class="i2">Saying, that harlot she too lately knew,</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="iii.220"></a><p class="i2">That caused her shed so many a bitter teare,</p> +<a name="iii.221"></a><p class="i2">And so forth told the story of her feare:</p> +<a name="iii.222"></a><p class="i2">Much seemed he to mone her haplesse chaunce,</p> +<a name="iii.223"></a><p class="i2">And after for that Ladie did inquere;</p> +<a name="iii.224"></a><p class="i2">Which being taught, he forward gan advaunce</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="iii.225"></a><p>His fair enchaunted steed, and eke his charmed launce.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.226"></a><p>Ere long he came where Una traveild slow,</p> +<a name="iii.227"></a><p class="i2">And that wilde Champion wayting her besyde:</p> +<a name="iii.228"></a><p class="i2">Whom seeing such, for dread he durst not show</p> +<a name="iii.229"></a><p class="i2">Himselfe too nigh at hand, but turned wyde</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="iii.230"></a><p class="i2">Unto an hill; from whence when she him spyde,</p> +<a name="iii.231"></a><p class="i2">By his like seeming shield, her knight by name</p> +<a name="iii.232"></a><p class="i2">She weend it was, and towards him gan ryde:</p> +<a name="iii.233"></a><p class="i2">Approaching nigh, she wist it was the same,</p> +<a name="iii.234"></a><p>And with faire fearefull humblesse towards him shee came:</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="iii.235"></a><p>And weeping said, Ah my long lacked Lord,</p> +<a name="iii.236"></a><p class="i2">Where have ye bene thus long out of my sight?</p> +<a name="iii.237"></a><p class="i2">Much feared I to have bene quite abhord,</p> +<a name="iii.238"></a><p class="i2">Or ought have done,<a href="#Nt_iii.238">°</a> that ye displeasen might,</p> +<a name="iii.239"></a><p class="i2">That should as death<a href="#Nt_iii.239">°</a> unto my deare heart light:</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="iii.240"></a><p class="i2">For since mine eye your joyous sight did mis,</p> +<a name="iii.241"></a><p class="i2">My chearefull day is turnd to chearelesse night,</p> +<a name="iii.242"></a><p class="i2">And eke my night of death the shadow is;</p> +<a name="iii.243"></a><p>But welcome now my light, and shining lampe of blis.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.244"></a><p>He thereto meeting said, My dearest Dame,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="iii.245"></a><p class="i2">Farre be it from your thought, and fro my will,</p> +<a name="iii.246"></a><p class="i2">To thinke that knighthood I so much should shame,</p> +<a name="iii.247"></a><p class="i2">As you to leave, that have me loved still,</p> +<a name="iii.248"></a><p class="i2">And chose in Faery court<a href="#Nt_iii.248">°</a> of meere goodwill,</p> +<a name="iii.249"></a><p class="i2">Where noblest knights were to be found on earth:</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="iii.250"></a><p class="i2">The earth shall sooner leave her kindly skill,<a href="#Nt_iii.250">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.251"></a><p class="i2">To bring forth fruit, and make eternall derth,</p> +<a name="iii.252"></a><p>Then I leave you, my liefe, yborne of heavenly berth.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.253"></a><p>And sooth to say, why I left you so long,</p> +<a name="iii.254"></a><p class="i2">Was for to seeke adventure in strange place,</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="iii.255"></a><p class="i2">Where Archimago said a felon strong</p> +<a name="iii.256"></a><p class="i2">To many knights did daily worke disgrace;</p> +<a name="iii.257"></a><p class="i2">But knight he now shall never more deface:</p> +<a name="iii.258"></a><p class="i2">Good cause of mine excuse; that mote ye please</p> +<a name="iii.259"></a><p class="i2">Well to accept, and evermore embrace</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="iii.260"></a><p class="i2">My faithfull service, that by land and seas</p> +<a name="iii.261"></a><p>Have vowd you to defend: now then your plaint appease.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.262"></a><p>His lovely words her seemd due recompence</p> +<a name="iii.263"></a><p class="i2">Of all her passed paines: one loving howre</p> +<a name="iii.264"></a><p class="i2">For many yeares of sorrow can dispence:</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="iii.265"></a><p class="i2">A dram of sweet is worth a pound of sowre:</p> +<a name="iii.266"></a><p class="i2">She has forgot, how many a woful stowre</p> +<a name="iii.267"></a><p class="i2">For him she late endurd; she speakes no more</p> +<a name="iii.268"></a><p class="i2">Of past: true is, that true love hath no powre</p> +<a name="iii.269"></a><p class="i2">To looken backe; his eyes be fixt before.</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="iii.270"></a><p>Before her stands her knight, for whom she toyld so sore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.271"></a><p>Much like, as when the beaten marinere,</p> +<a name="iii.272"></a><p class="i2">That long hath wandred in the Ocean wide,</p> +<a name="iii.273"></a><p class="i2">Oft soust in swelling Tethys saltish teare,</p> +<a name="iii.274"></a><p class="i2">And long time having tand his tawney hide</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="iii.275"></a><p class="i2">With blustring breath of heaven, that none can bide,</p> +<a name="iii.276"></a><p class="i2">And scorching flames of fierce Orions hound,<a href="#Nt_iii.276">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.277"></a><p class="i2">Soone as the port from farre he has espide,</p> +<a name="iii.278"></a><p class="i2">His chearefull whistle merrily doth sound,</p> +<a name="iii.279"></a><p>And Nereus crownes with cups<a href="#Nt_iii.279">°</a>; his mates him pledg around.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="iii.280"></a><p>Such joy made Una, when her knight she found;</p> +<a name="iii.281"></a><p class="i2">And eke th' enchaunter joyous seemd no lesse,</p> +<a name="iii.282"></a><p class="i2">Then the glad marchant, that does vew from ground<a href="#Nt_iii.282">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.283"></a><p class="i2">His ship farre come from watrie wildernesse,</p> +<a name="iii.284"></a><p class="i2">He hurles out vowes, and Neptune oft doth blesse:</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="iii.285"></a><p class="i2">So forth they past, and all the way they spent</p> +<a name="iii.286"></a><p class="i2">Discoursing of her dreadful late distresse,</p> +<a name="iii.287"></a><p class="i2">In which he askt her, what the Lyon ment:</p> +<a name="iii.288"></a><p>Who told her all that fell in journey as she went.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.289"></a><p>They had not ridden farre, when they might see</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="iii.290"></a><p class="i2">One pricking towards them with hastie heat,</p> +<a name="iii.291"></a><p class="i2">Full strongly armd, and on a courser free,</p> +<a name="iii.292"></a><p class="i2">That through his fiercenesse fomed all with sweat,</p> +<a name="iii.293"></a><p class="i2">And the sharpe yron did for anger eat,</p> +<a name="iii.294"></a><p class="i2">When his hot ryder spurd his chauffed side;</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="iii.295"></a><p class="i2">His looke was sterne, and seemed still to threat</p> +<a name="iii.296"></a><p class="i2">Cruell revenge, which he in hart did hyde,</p> +<a name="iii.297"></a><p>And on his shield <i>Sans loy</i><a href="#Nt_iii.297">°</a> in bloudie lines was dyde.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.298"></a><p>When nigh he drew unto this gentle payre</p> +<a name="iii.299"></a><p class="i2">And saw the Red-crosse, which the knight did beare,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="iii.300"></a><p class="i2">He burnt in fire, and gan eftsoones prepare</p> +<a name="iii.301"></a><p class="i2">Himselfe to battell with his couched speare.</p> +<a name="iii.302"></a><p class="i2">Loth was that other, and did faint through feare,</p> +<a name="iii.303"></a><p class="i2">To taste th' untryed dint of deadly steele;</p> +<a name="iii.304"></a><p class="i2">But yet his Lady did so well him cheare,</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="iii.305"></a><p class="i2">That hope of new goodhap he gan to feele;</p> +<a name="iii.306"></a><p>So bent his speare, and spurd his horse with yron heele.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.307"></a><p>But that proud Paynim forward came so fierce,</p> +<a name="iii.308"></a><p class="i2">And full of wrath, that with his sharp-head speare,</p> +<a name="iii.309"></a><p class="i2">Through vainly crossed shield<a href="#Nt_iii.309">°</a> he quite did pierce,</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="iii.310"></a><p class="i2">And had his staggering steede not shrunke for feare,</p> +<a name="iii.311"></a><p class="i2">Through shield and bodie eke he should him beare:</p> +<a name="iii.312"></a><p class="i2">Yet so great was the puissance of his push,</p> +<a name="iii.313"></a><p class="i2">That from his saddle quite he did him beare:</p> +<a name="iii.314"></a><p class="i2">He tombling rudely downe to ground did rush,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="iii.315"></a><p>And from his gored wound a well of bloud did gush.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.316"></a><p>Dismounting lightly from his loftie steed,</p> +<a name="iii.317"></a><p class="i2">He to him lept, in mind to reave his life,</p> +<a name="iii.318"></a><p class="i2">And proudly said, Lo there the worthie meed</p> +<a name="iii.319"></a><p class="i2">Of him that slew Sansfoy with bloudie knife;</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="iii.320"></a><p class="i2">Henceforth his ghost freed from repining strife,</p> +<a name="iii.321"></a><p class="i2">In peace may passen over Lethe lake,<a href="#Nt_iii.321">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.322"></a><p class="i2">When mourning altars purgd with enemies life,<a href="#Nt_iii.322">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.323"></a><p class="i2">The blacke infernall Furies<a href="#Nt_iii.323">°</a> doen aslake:</p> +<a name="iii.324"></a><p>Life from Sansfoy thou tookst, Sansloy shall from thee take.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="iii.325"></a><p>Therewith in haste his helmet gan unlace,<a href="#Nt_iii.325">°</a></p> +<a name="iii.326"></a><p class="i2">Till Una cried, O hold that heavie hand,</p> +<a name="iii.327"></a><p class="i2">Deare Sir, what ever that thou be in place:</p> +<a name="iii.328"></a><p class="i2">Enough is, that thy foe doth vanquisht stand</p> +<a name="iii.329"></a><p class="i2">Now at thy mercy: Mercie not withstand:</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="iii.330"></a><p class="i2">For he is one the truest knight alive,</p> +<a name="iii.331"></a><p class="i2">Though conquered now he lie on lowly land,</p> +<a name="iii.332"></a><p class="i2">And whilest him fortune favourd, faire did thrive</p> +<a name="iii.333"></a><p>In bloudie field: therefore of life him not deprive.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.334"></a><p>Her piteous words might not abate his rage,</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="iii.335"></a><p class="i2">But rudely rending up his helmet, would</p> +<a name="iii.336"></a><p class="i2">Have slaine him straight: but when he sees his age,</p> +<a name="iii.337"></a><p class="i2">And hoarie head of Archimago old,</p> +<a name="iii.338"></a><p class="i2">His hasty hand he doth amazed hold,</p> +<a name="iii.339"></a><p class="i2">And halfe ashamed, wondred at the sight:</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="iii.340"></a><p class="i2">For that old man well knew he, though untold,</p> +<a name="iii.341"></a><p class="i2">In charmes and magicke to have wondrous might,</p> +<a name="iii.342"></a><p>Ne ever wont in field,<a href="#Nt_iii.342">°</a> ne in round lists to fight;</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.343"></a><p>And said, Why Archimago, lucklesse syre,</p> +<a name="iii.344"></a><p class="i2">What doe I see? what hard mishap is this,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="iii.345"></a><p class="i2">That hath thee hither brought to taste mine yre?</p> +<a name="iii.346"></a><p class="i2">Or thine the fault, or mine the error is,</p> +<a name="iii.347"></a><p class="i2">Instead of foe to wound my friend amis?</p> +<a name="iii.348"></a><p class="i2">He answered nought, but in a traunce still lay,</p> +<a name="iii.349"></a><p class="i2">And on those guilefull dazed eyes of his</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="iii.350"></a><p class="i2">The cloude of death did sit. Which doen away,</p> +<a name="iii.351"></a><p>He left him lying so, ne would no lenger stay:</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.352"></a><p>But to the virgin comes, who all this while</p> +<a name="iii.353"></a><p class="i2">Amased stands, her selfe so mockt to see</p> +<a name="iii.354"></a><p class="i2">By him, who has the guerdon of his guile,</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="iii.355"></a><p class="i2">For so misfeigning her true knight to bee:</p> +<a name="iii.356"></a><p class="i2">Yet is she now in more perplexitie,</p> +<a name="iii.357"></a><p class="i2">Left in the hand of that same Paynim bold,</p> +<a name="iii.358"></a><p class="i2">From whom her booteth not at all to flie;</p> +<a name="iii.359"></a><p class="i2">Who, by her cleanly garment catching hold,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="iii.360"></a><p>Her from her Palfrey pluckt, her visage to behold.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.361"></a><p>But her fierce servant, full of kingly awe</p> +<a name="iii.362"></a><p class="i2">And high disdaine, whenas his soveraine Dame</p> +<a name="iii.363"></a><p class="i2">So rudely handled by her foe he sawe,</p> +<a name="iii.364"></a><p class="i2">With gaping jawes full greedy at him came,</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="iii.365"></a><p class="i2">And ramping on his shield, did weene the same</p> +<a name="iii.366"></a><p class="i2">Have reft away with his sharpe rending clawes:</p> +<a name="iii.367"></a><p class="i2">But he was stout, and lust did now inflame</p> +<a name="iii.368"></a><p class="i2">His corage more, that from his griping pawes</p> +<a name="iii.369"></a><p>He hath his shield redeem'd, and foorth his swerd he drawes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="iii.370"></a><p>O then too weake and feeble was the forse</p> +<a name="iii.371"></a><p class="i2">Of salvage beast, his puissance to withstand:</p> +<a name="iii.372"></a><p class="i2">For he was strong, and of so mightie corse,</p> +<a name="iii.373"></a><p class="i2">As ever wielded speare in warlike hand,</p> +<a name="iii.374"></a><p class="i2">And feates of armes did wisely understand.</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="iii.375"></a><p class="i2">Eftsoones he perced through his chaufed chest</p> +<a name="iii.376"></a><p class="i2">With thrilling point of deadly yron brand,</p> +<a name="iii.377"></a><p class="i2">And launcht his Lordly hart: with death opprest</p> +<a name="iii.378"></a><p>He roar'd aloud, whiles life forsooke his stubborne brest.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.379"></a><p>Who now is left to keepe the forlorne maid</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="iii.380"></a><p class="i2">From raging spoile of lawlesse victors will?</p> +<a name="iii.381"></a><p class="i2">Her faithfull gard remov'd, her hope dismaid,</p> +<a name="iii.382"></a><p class="i2">Her selfe a yielded pray to save or spill.</p> +<a name="iii.383"></a><p class="i2">He now Lord of the field, his pride to fill,</p> +<a name="iii.384"></a><p class="i2">With foule reproches, and disdainfull spight</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="iii.385"></a><p class="i2">Her vildly entertaines, and will or nill,</p> +<a name="iii.386"></a><p class="i2">Beares her away upon his courser light:</p> +<a name="iii.387"></a><p>Her prayers nought prevaile, his rage is more of might.<a href="#Nt_iii.xliii">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iii.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iii.388"></a><p>And all the way, with great lamenting paine,</p> +<a name="iii.389"></a><p class="i2">And piteous plaints she filleth his dull eares,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="iii.390"></a><p class="i2">That stony hart could riven have in twaine,</p> +<a name="iii.391"></a><p class="i2">And all the way she wets with flowing teares:</p> +<a name="iii.392"></a><p class="i2">But he enrag'd with rancor, nothing heares.</p> +<a name="iii.393"></a><p class="i2">Her servile beast yet would not leave her so,</p> +<a name="iii.394"></a><p class="i2">But followes her farre off, ne ought he feares,</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="iii.395"></a><p class="i2">To be partaker of her wandring woe,</p> +<a name="iii.396"></a><p>More mild in beastly kind, then that her beastly foe.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_IV"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO IV</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">To sinfull house of Pride, Duessa</p> +<p class="z10">guides the faithfull knight,</p> +<p class="z8">Where brother's death to wreak Sansjoy</p> +<p class="z10">doth chalenge him to fight.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.1"></a><p>YOUNG knight whatever that dost armes professe,</p> +<a name="iv.2"></a><p class="i2">And through long labours huntest after fame,</p> +<a name="iv.3"></a><p class="i2">Beware of fraud, beware of ficklenesse,</p> +<a name="iv.4"></a><p class="i2">In choice, and change of thy deare loved Dame,</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="iv.5"></a><p class="i2">Least thou of her beleeve too lightly blame,</p> +<a name="iv.6"></a><p class="i2">And rash misweening doe thy hart remove:</p> +<a name="iv.7"></a><p class="i2">For unto knight there is no greater shame,</p> +<a name="iv.8"></a><p class="i2">Then lightnesse and inconstancie in love;</p> +<a name="iv.9"></a><p>That doth this Redcrosse knights ensample plainly prove.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="iv.10"></a><p>Who after that he had faire Una lorne,</p> +<a name="iv.11"></a><p class="i2">Through light misdeeming of her loialtie,</p> +<a name="iv.12"></a><p class="i2">And false Duessa in her sted had borne,</p> +<a name="iv.13"></a><p class="i2">Called Fidess', and so supposd to bee;</p> +<a name="iv.14"></a><p class="i2">Long with her traveild, till at last they see</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="iv.15"></a><p class="i2">A goodly building, bravely garnished,</p> +<a name="iv.16"></a><p class="i2">The house of mightie Prince it seemd to bee:</p> +<a name="iv.17"></a><p class="i2">And towards it a broad high way that led,</p> +<a name="iv.18"></a><p>All bare through peoples feet, which thither traveiled.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.19"></a><p>Great troupes of people traveild thitherward</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="iv.20"></a><p class="i2">Both day and night, of each degree and place,<a href="#Nt_iv.20">°</a></p> +<a name="iv.21"></a><p class="i2">But few returned, having scaped hard,<a href="#Nt_iv.21">°</a></p> +<a name="iv.22"></a><p class="i2">With balefull beggerie, or foule disgrace;</p> +<a name="iv.23"></a><p class="i2">Which ever after in most wretched case,</p> +<a name="iv.24"></a><p class="i2">Like loathsome lazars,<a href="#Nt_iv.24">°</a> by the hedges lay.</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="iv.25"></a><p class="i2">Thither Duessa bad him bend his pace:</p> +<a name="iv.26"></a><p class="i2">For she is wearie of the toilesome way,</p> +<a name="iv.27"></a><p>And also nigh consumed is the lingring day.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.28"></a><p>A stately Pallace built of squared bricke,</p> +<a name="iv.29"></a><p class="i2">Which cunningly was without morter laid,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="iv.30"></a><p class="i2">Whose wals were high, but nothing strong, nor thick,</p> +<a name="iv.31"></a><p class="i2">And golden foile all over them displaid,</p> +<a name="iv.32"></a><p class="i2">That purest skye with brightnesse they dismaid:</p> +<a name="iv.33"></a><p class="i2">High lifted up were many loftie towres,</p> +<a name="iv.34"></a><p class="i2">And goodly galleries farre over laid,</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="iv.35"></a><p class="i2">Full of faire windowes and delightful bowres;</p> +<a name="iv.36"></a><p>And on the top a Diall told the timely howres.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.37"></a><p>It was a goodly heape for to behould,</p> +<a name="iv.38"></a><p class="i2">And spake the praises of the workmans wit;</p> +<a name="iv.39"></a><p class="i2">But full great pittie, that so faire a mould</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="iv.40"></a><p class="i2">Did on so weake foundation ever sit:</p> +<a name="iv.41"></a><p class="i2">For on a sandie hill, that still did flit</p> +<a name="iv.42"></a><p class="i2">And fall away, it mounted was full hie,</p> +<a name="iv.43"></a><p class="i2">That every breath of heaven shaked it:</p> +<a name="iv.44"></a><p class="i2">And all the hinder parts, that few could spie,</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="iv.45"></a><p>Were ruinous and old, but painted cunningly.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.46"></a><p>Arrived there, they passed in forth right;</p> +<a name="iv.47"></a><p class="i2">For still to all the gates stood open wide:</p> +<a name="iv.48"></a><p class="i2">Yet charge of them was to a Porter hight</p> +<a name="iv.49"></a><p class="i2">Cald Malvenł,<a href="#Nt_iv.49">°</a> who entrance none denide:</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="iv.50"></a><p class="i2">Thence to the hall, which was on every side</p> +<a name="iv.51"></a><p class="i2">With rich array and costly arras dight:</p> +<a name="iv.52"></a><p class="i2">Infinite sorts of people did abide</p> +<a name="iv.53"></a><p class="i2">There waiting long, to win the wished sight</p> +<a name="iv.54"></a><p>Of her that was the Lady of that Pallace bright.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="iv.55"></a><p>By them they passe, all gazing on them round,</p> +<a name="iv.56"></a><p class="i2">And to the Presence mount; whose glorious vew</p> +<a name="iv.57"></a><p class="i2">Their frayle amazed senses did confound:</p> +<a name="iv.58"></a><p class="i2">In living Princes court none ever knew</p> +<a name="iv.59"></a><p class="i2">Such endlesse richesse, and so sumptuous shew;</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="iv.60"></a><p class="i2">Ne Persia selfe, the nourse of pompous pride</p> +<a name="iv.61"></a><p class="i2">Like ever saw. And there a noble crew</p> +<a name="iv.62"></a><p class="i2">Of Lordes and Ladies stood on every side,</p> +<a name="iv.63"></a><p>Which with their presence faire the place much beautifide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.64"></a><p>High above all a cloth of State was spred,</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="iv.65"></a><p class="i2">And a rich throne, as bright as sunny day,</p> +<a name="iv.66"></a><p class="i2">On which there sate most brave embellished</p> +<a name="iv.67"></a><p class="i2">With royall robes and gorgeous array,</p> +<a name="iv.68"></a><p class="i2">A mayden Queene, that shone as Titans ray,</p> +<a name="iv.69"></a><p class="i2">In glistring gold, and peerelesse pretious stone:</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="iv.70"></a><p class="i2">Yet her bright blazing beautie did assay</p> +<a name="iv.71"></a><p class="i2">To dim the brightnesse of her glorious throne,</p> +<a name="iv.72"></a><p>As envying her selfe, that too exceeding shone.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.73"></a><p>Exceeding shone, like Phœbus fairest childe,<a href="#Nt_iv.73">°</a></p> +<a name="iv.74"></a><p class="i2">That did presume his fathers firie wayne,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="iv.75"></a><p class="i2">And flaming mouthes of steedes unwonted wilde</p> +<a name="iv.76"></a><p class="i2">Through highest heaven with weaker hand to rayne;</p> +<a name="iv.77"></a><p class="i2">Proud of such glory and advancement vaine,</p> +<a name="iv.78"></a><p class="i2">While flashing beames do daze his feeble eyen,</p> +<a name="iv.79"></a><p class="i2">He leaves the welkin way most beaten plaine,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="iv.80"></a><p class="i2">And rapt with whirling wheeles, inflames the skyen,</p> +<a name="iv.81"></a><p>With fire not made to burne, but fairely for to shyne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.82"></a><p>So proud she shyned in her Princely state,</p> +<a name="iv.83"></a><p class="i2">Looking to heaven; for earth she did disdayne:</p> +<a name="iv.84"></a><p class="i2">And sitting high; for lowly she did hate:</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="iv.85"></a><p class="i2">Lo underneath her scornefull feete was layne</p> +<a name="iv.86"></a><p class="i2">A dreadfull Dragon<a href="#Nt_iv.86">°</a> with an hideous trayne,</p> +<a name="iv.87"></a><p class="i2">And in her hand she held a mirrhour bright,</p> +<a name="iv.88"></a><p class="i2">Wherein her face she often vewed fayne,</p> +<a name="iv.89"></a><p class="i2">And in her selfe-lov'd semblance tooke delight;</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="iv.90"></a><p>For she was wondrous faire, as any living wight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.91"></a><p>Of griesly Pluto she the daughter was,</p> +<a name="iv.92"></a><p class="i2">And sad Proserpina the Queene of hell;</p> +<a name="iv.93"></a><p class="i2">Yet did she thinke her pearlesse worth to pas</p> +<a name="iv.94"></a><p class="i2">That parentage,<a href="#Nt_iv.94">°</a> with pride so did she swell;</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="iv.95"></a><p class="i2">And thundring Jove, that high in heaven doth dwell,</p> +<a name="iv.96"></a><p class="i2">And wield the world, she claymed for her syre,</p> +<a name="iv.97"></a><p class="i2">Or if that any else did Jove excell:</p> +<a name="iv.98"></a><p class="i2">For to the highest she did still aspyre,</p> +<a name="iv.99"></a><p>Or if ought higher were then that, did it desyre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="iv.100"></a><p>And proud Lucifera men did her call,</p> +<a name="iv.101"></a><p class="i2">That made her selfe a Queene, and crownd to be,</p> +<a name="iv.102"></a><p class="i2">Yet rightfull kingdome she had none at all,</p> +<a name="iv.103"></a><p class="i2">Ne heritage of native soveraintie,</p> +<a name="iv.104"></a><p class="i2">But did usurpe with wrong and tyrannie</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="iv.105"></a><p class="i2">Upon the scepter, which she now did hold:</p> +<a name="iv.106"></a><p class="i2">Ne ruld her Realmes with lawes, but pollicie,</p> +<a name="iv.107"></a><p class="i2">And strong advizement of six wisards old,<a href="#Nt_iv.107">°</a></p> +<a name="iv.108"></a><p>That with their counsels bad her kingdome did uphold.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.109"></a><p>Soone as the Elfin knight in presence came,</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="iv.110"></a><p class="i2">And false Duessa seeming Lady faire,</p> +<a name="iv.111"></a><p class="i2">A gentle Husher, Vanitie by name</p> +<a name="iv.112"></a><p class="i2">Made rowme, and passage for them did prepaire:</p> +<a name="iv.113"></a><p class="i2">So goodly brought them to the lowest staire</p> +<a name="iv.114"></a><p class="i2">Of her high throne, where they on humble knee</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="iv.115"></a><p class="i2">Making obeyssance, did the cause declare,</p> +<a name="iv.116"></a><p class="i2">Why they were come, her royall state to see,</p> +<a name="iv.117"></a><p>To prove the wide report of her great Majestee.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.118"></a><p>With loftie eyes, halfe loth to looke so low,</p> +<a name="iv.119"></a><p class="i2">She thanked them in her disdainefull wise;</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="iv.120"></a><p class="i2">Ne other grace vouchsafed them to show</p> +<a name="iv.121"></a><p class="i2">Of Princesse worthy, scarse them bad arise.</p> +<a name="iv.122"></a><p class="i2">Her Lordes and Ladies all this while devise</p> +<a name="iv.123"></a><p class="i2">Themselves to setten forth to straungers sight:</p> +<a name="iv.124"></a><p class="i2">Some frounce their curled haire in courtly guise,</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="iv.125"></a><p class="i2">Some prancke their ruffes, and others trimly dight</p> +<a name="iv.126"></a><p>Their gay attire: each others greater pride does spight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.127"></a><p>Goodly they all that knight do entertaine,</p> +<a name="iv.128"></a><p class="i2">Right glad with him to have increast their crew:</p> +<a name="iv.129"></a><p class="i2">But to Duess' each one himselfe did paine</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="iv.130"></a><p class="i2">All kindnesse and faire courtesie to shew;</p> +<a name="iv.131"></a><p class="i2">For in that court whylome her well they knew:</p> +<a name="iv.132"></a><p class="i2">Yet the stout Faerie mongst the middest crowd</p> +<a name="iv.133"></a><p class="i2">Thought all their glorie vaine in knightly vew,</p> +<a name="iv.134"></a><p class="i2">And that great Princesse too exceeding prowd,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="iv.135"></a><p>That to strange knight no better countenance allowd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.136"></a><p>Suddein upriseth from her stately place</p> +<a name="iv.137"></a><p class="i2">The royall Dame, and for her coche did call:</p> +<a name="iv.138"></a><p class="i2">All hurtlen forth, and she with Princely pace,</p> +<a name="iv.139"></a><p class="i2">As faire Aurora in her purple pall,</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="iv.140"></a><p class="i2">Out of the east the dawning day doth call:</p> +<a name="iv.141"></a><p class="i2">So forth she comes: her brightnesse brode doth blaze;</p> +<a name="iv.142"></a><p class="i2">The heapes of people thronging in the hall,</p> +<a name="iv.143"></a><p class="i2">Do ride each other, upon her to gaze:</p> +<a name="iv.144"></a><p>Her glorious glitterand light doth all mens eyes amaze.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="iv.145"></a><p>So forth she comes, and to her coche<a href="#Nt_iv.145">°</a> does clyme,</p> +<a name="iv.146"></a><p class="i2">Adorned all with gold, and girlonds gay,</p> +<a name="iv.147"></a><p class="i2">That seemd as fresh as Flora in her prime,</p> +<a name="iv.148"></a><p class="i2">And strove to match, in royall rich array,</p> +<a name="iv.149"></a><p class="i2">Great Junoes golden chaire, the which they say</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="iv.150"></a><p class="i2">The Gods stand gazing on, when she does ride</p> +<a name="iv.151"></a><p class="i2">To Joves high house through heavens bras-paved way</p> +<a name="iv.152"></a><p class="i2">Drawne of faire Pecocks, that excell in pride,</p> +<a name="iv.153"></a><p>And full of Argus eyes their tailes dispredden wide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.154"></a><p>But this was drawne of six unequall beasts,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="iv.155"></a><p class="i2">On which her six sage Counsellours did ryde,</p> +<a name="iv.156"></a><p class="i2">Taught to obay their bestiall beheasts,</p> +<a name="iv.157"></a><p class="i2">With like conditions<a href="#Nt_iv.157">°</a> to their kinds applyde:</p> +<a name="iv.158"></a><p class="i2">Of which the first, that all the rest did guyde,</p> +<a name="iv.159"></a><p class="i2">Was sluggish Idlenesse the nourse of sin;</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="iv.160"></a><p class="i2">Upon a slouthful Asse he chose to ryde,</p> +<a name="iv.161"></a><p class="i2">Arayd in habit blacke, and amis thin,</p> +<a name="iv.162"></a><p>Like to an holy Monck, the service to begin.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.163"></a><p>And in his hand his Portesse still he bare,</p> +<a name="iv.164"></a><p class="i2">That much was worne, but therein little red,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="iv.165"></a><p class="i2">For of devotion he had little care,</p> +<a name="iv.166"></a><p class="i2">Still drownd in sleepe, and most of his dayes ded;</p> +<a name="iv.167"></a><p class="i2">Scarse could he once uphold his heavie hed,</p> +<a name="iv.168"></a><p class="i2">To looken, whether it were night or day:</p> +<a name="iv.169"></a><p class="i2">May seeme the wayne was very evill led,</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="iv.170"></a><p class="i2">When such an one had guiding of the way,</p> +<a name="iv.171"></a><p>That knew not, whether right he went, or else astray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.172"></a><p>From worldly cares himselfe he did esloyne,</p> +<a name="iv.173"></a><p class="i2">And greatly shunned manly exercise,</p> +<a name="iv.174"></a><p class="i2">From every worke he chalenged essoyne,<a href="#Nt_iv.174">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="iv.175"></a><p class="i2">For contemplation sake: yet otherwise,</p> +<a name="iv.176"></a><p class="i2">His life he led in lawlesse riotise;</p> +<a name="iv.177"></a><p class="i2">By which he grew to grievous malady;</p> +<a name="iv.178"></a><p class="i2">For in his lustlesse limbs through evill guise</p> +<a name="iv.179"></a><p class="i2">A shaking fever raignd continually:</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="iv.180"></a><p>Such one was Idlenesse, first of this company.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.181"></a><p>And by his side rode loathsome Gluttony,</p> +<a name="iv.182"></a><p class="i2">Deformed creature, on a filthie swyne;</p> +<a name="iv.183"></a><p class="i2">His belly was up-blowne with luxury,</p> +<a name="iv.184"></a><p class="i2">And eke with fatnesse swollen were his eyne,</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="iv.185"></a><p class="i2">And like a Crane<a href="#Nt_iv.185">°</a> his necke was long and fyne,</p> +<a name="iv.186"></a><p class="i2">With which he swallowed up excessive feast,</p> +<a name="iv.187"></a><p class="i2">For want whereof poore people oft did pyne;</p> +<a name="iv.188"></a><p class="i2">And all the way, most like a brutish beast,</p> +<a name="iv.189"></a><p>He spued up his gorge, that all did him deteast.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="iv.190"></a><p>In greene vine leaves he was right fitly clad;</p> +<a name="iv.191"></a><p class="i2">For other clothes he could not weare for heat,</p> +<a name="iv.192"></a><p class="i2">And on his head an yvie girland had,</p> +<a name="iv.193"></a><p class="i2">From under which fast trickled downe the sweat:</p> +<a name="iv.194"></a><p class="i2">Still as he rode, he somewhat still did eat,</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="iv.195"></a><p class="i2">And in his hand did beare a bouzing can,</p> +<a name="iv.196"></a><p class="i2">Of which he supt so oft, that on his seat</p> +<a name="iv.197"></a><p class="i2">His dronken corse he scarse upholden can,</p> +<a name="iv.198"></a><p>In shape and life more like a monster, then a man.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.199"></a><p>Unfit he was for any worldly thing,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="iv.200"></a><p class="i2">And eke unhable once to stirre or go,</p> +<a name="iv.201"></a><p class="i2">Not meet to be of counsell to a king,</p> +<a name="iv.202"></a><p class="i2">Whose mind in meat and drinke was drowned so,</p> +<a name="iv.203"></a><p class="i2">That from his friend he seldome knew his fo:</p> +<a name="iv.204"></a><p class="i2">Full of diseases was his carcas blew,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="iv.205"></a><p class="i2">And a dry dropsie<a href="#Nt_iv.205">°</a> through his flesh did flow:</p> +<a name="iv.206"></a><p class="i2">Which by misdiet daily greater grew:</p> +<a name="iv.207"></a><p>Such one was Gluttony, the second of that crew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.208"></a><p>And next to him rode lustfull Lechery,</p> +<a name="iv.209"></a><p class="i2">Upon a bearded Goat, whose rugged haire,</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="iv.210"></a><p class="i2">And whally eyes (the signe of gelosy),</p> +<a name="iv.211"></a><p class="i2">Was like the person selfe, whom he did beare:</p> +<a name="iv.212"></a><p class="i2">Who rough, and blacke, and filthy did appeare,</p> +<a name="iv.213"></a><p class="i2">Unseemely man to please faire Ladies eye;</p> +<a name="iv.214"></a><p class="i2">Yet he of Ladies oft was loved deare,</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="iv.215"></a><p class="i2">When fairer faces were bid standen by:</p> +<a name="iv.216"></a><p>O who does know the bent of womens fantasy?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.217"></a><p>In a greene gowne he clothed was full faire,</p> +<a name="iv.218"></a><p class="i2">Which underneath did hide his filthinesse,</p> +<a name="iv.219"></a><p class="i2">And in his hand a burning hart he bare,</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="iv.220"></a><p class="i2">Full of vaine follies, and new fanglenesse,</p> +<a name="iv.221"></a><p class="i2">For he was false, and fraught with ficklenesse;</p> +<a name="iv.222"></a><p class="i2">And learned had to love with secret lookes;</p> +<a name="iv.223"></a><p class="i2">And well could daunce, and sing with ruefulnesse,</p> +<a name="iv.224"></a><p class="i2">And fortunes tell, and read in loving bookes,</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="iv.225"></a><p>And thousand other wayes, to bait his fleshly hookes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.226"></a><p>Inconstant man, that loved all he saw,</p> +<a name="iv.227"></a><p class="i2">And lusted after all that he did love;</p> +<a name="iv.228"></a><p class="i2">Ne would his looser life be tide to law,</p> +<a name="iv.229"></a><p class="i2">But joyd weak wemens hearts to tempt and prove,</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="iv.230"></a><p class="i2">If from their loyall loves he might them move;</p> +<a name="iv.231"></a><p class="i2">Which lewdnesse fild him with reprochfull paine</p> +<a name="iv.232"></a><p class="i2">Of that fowle evill, which all men reprove,</p> +<a name="iv.233"></a><p class="i2">That rots the marrow and consumes the braine:</p> +<a name="iv.234"></a><p>Such one was Lecherie, the third of all this traine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="iv.235"></a><p>And greedy Avarice by him did ride,</p> +<a name="iv.236"></a><p class="i2">Upon a Camell<a href="#Nt_iv.236">°</a> loaden all with gold;</p> +<a name="iv.237"></a><p class="i2">Two iron coffers hong on either side,</p> +<a name="iv.238"></a><p class="i2">With precious mettall full as they might hold;</p> +<a name="iv.239"></a><p class="i2">And in his lap an heape of coine he told;</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="iv.240"></a><p class="i2">For of his wicked pelfe his God he made,</p> +<a name="iv.241"></a><p class="i2">And unto hell him selfe for money sold;</p> +<a name="iv.242"></a><p class="i2">Accursed usurie was all his trade,</p> +<a name="iv.243"></a><p>And right and wrong ylike in equall ballaunce waide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.244"></a><p>His life was nigh unto deaths doore yplast,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="iv.245"></a><p class="i2">And thred-bare cote, and cobled shoes he ware,</p> +<a name="iv.246"></a><p class="i2">Ne scarse good morsell all his life did tast,</p> +<a name="iv.247"></a><p class="i2">But both from backe and belly still did spare,</p> +<a name="iv.248"></a><p class="i2">To fill his bags, and richesse to compare;</p> +<a name="iv.249"></a><p class="i2">Yet chylde ne kinsman living had he none</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="iv.250"></a><p class="i2">To leave them to; but thorough daily care</p> +<a name="iv.251"></a><p class="i2">To get, and nightly feare to lose his owne,</p> +<a name="iv.252"></a><p>He led a wretched life unto him selfe unknowne.<a href="#Nt_iv.252">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.253"></a><p>Most wretched wight, whom nothing might suffise,</p> +<a name="iv.254"></a><p class="i2">Whose greedy lust did lacke in greatest store,</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="iv.255"></a><p class="i2">Whose need had end, but no end covetise,</p> +<a name="iv.256"></a><p class="i2">Whose wealth was want, whose plenty made him pore,</p> +<a name="iv.257"></a><p class="i2">Who had enough, yet wished ever more;</p> +<a name="iv.258"></a><p class="i2">A vile disease, and eke in foote and hand</p> +<a name="iv.259"></a><p class="i2">A grievous gout tormented him full sore,</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="iv.260"></a><p class="i2">That well he could not touch, nor go, nor stand;</p> +<a name="iv.261"></a><p>Such one was Avarice, the fourth of this faire band.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.262"></a><p>And next to him malicious Envie rode,</p> +<a name="iv.263"></a><p class="i2">Upon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw</p> +<a name="iv.264"></a><p class="i2">Betweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode,</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="iv.265"></a><p class="i2">That all the poison ran about his chaw;</p> +<a name="iv.266"></a><p class="i2">But inwardly he chawed his owne maw</p> +<a name="iv.267"></a><p class="i2">At neighbours wealth, that made him ever sad;</p> +<a name="iv.268"></a><p class="i2">For death it was when any good he saw,</p> +<a name="iv.269"></a><p class="i2">And wept, that cause of weeping none he had,</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="iv.270"></a><p>But when he heard of harme, he wexed wondrous glad.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.271"></a><p>All in a kirtle of discolourd say</p> +<a name="iv.272"></a><p class="i2">He clothed was, ypainted full of eyes;</p> +<a name="iv.273"></a><p class="i2">And in his bosome secretly there lay</p> +<a name="iv.274"></a><p class="i2">An hatefull Snake, the which his taile uptyes</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="iv.275"></a><p class="i2">In many folds, and mortall sting implyes.</p> +<a name="iv.276"></a><p class="i2">Still as he rode, he gnasht his teeth, to see</p> +<a name="iv.277"></a><p class="i2">Those heapes of gold with griple Covetyse;</p> +<a name="iv.278"></a><p class="i2">And grudged at the great felicitie</p> +<a name="iv.279"></a><p>Of proud Lucifera, and his owne companie.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="iv.280"></a><p>He hated all good workes and vertuous deeds,</p> +<a name="iv.281"></a><p class="i2">And him no lesse, that any like did use,</p> +<a name="iv.282"></a><p class="i2">And who with gracious bread the hungry feeds,</p> +<a name="iv.283"></a><p class="i2">His almes for want of faith he doth accuse;</p> +<a name="iv.284"></a><p class="i2">So every good to bad he doth abuse:</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="iv.285"></a><p class="i2">And eke the verse of famous Poets witt</p> +<a name="iv.286"></a><p class="i2">He does backebite, and spightfull poison spues</p> +<a name="iv.287"></a><p class="i2">From leprous mouth on all that ever writt:</p> +<a name="iv.288"></a><p>Such one vile Envie was, that fifte in row did sitt.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.289"></a><p>And him beside rides fierce revenging Wrath,</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="iv.290"></a><p class="i2">Upon a Lion, loth for to be led;</p> +<a name="iv.291"></a><p class="i2">And in his hand a burning brond he hath,</p> +<a name="iv.292"></a><p class="i2">The which he brandisheth about his hed;</p> +<a name="iv.293"></a><p class="i2">His eyes did hurle forth sparkles fiery red,</p> +<a name="iv.294"></a><p class="i2">And stared sterne on all that him beheld,</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="iv.295"></a><p class="i2">As ashes pale of hew and seeming ded;</p> +<a name="iv.296"></a><p class="i2">And on his dagger still his hand he held,</p> +<a name="iv.297"></a><p>Trembling through hasty rage, when choler in him sweld.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.298"></a><p>His ruffin raiment all was staind with blood,</p> +<a name="iv.299"></a><p class="i2">Which he had spilt, and all to rags yrent,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="iv.300"></a><p class="i2">Through unadvized rashnesse woxen wood;</p> +<a name="iv.301"></a><p class="i2">For of his hands he had no governement,</p> +<a name="iv.302"></a><p class="i2">Ne car'd for bloud in his avengement:</p> +<a name="iv.303"></a><p class="i2">But when the furious fit was overpast,</p> +<a name="iv.304"></a><p class="i2">His cruell facts he often would repent;</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="iv.305"></a><p class="i2">Yet wilfull man he never would forecast,</p> +<a name="iv.306"></a><p>How many mischieves should ensue his heedlesse hast.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.307"></a><p>Full many mischiefes follow cruell Wrath;</p> +<a name="iv.308"></a><p class="i2">Abhorred bloodshed and tumultuous strife,</p> +<a name="iv.309"></a><p class="i2">Unmanly murder, and unthrifty scath,<a href="#Nt_iv.309">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="iv.310"></a><p class="i2">Bitter despight, with rancours rusty knife,</p> +<a name="iv.311"></a><p class="i2">And fretting griefe the enemy of life;</p> +<a name="iv.312"></a><p class="i2">All these, and many evils moe haunt ire,</p> +<a name="iv.313"></a><p class="i2">The swelling Splene,<a href="#Nt_iv.313">°</a> and Frenzy raging rife,</p> +<a name="iv.314"></a><p class="i2">The shaking Palsey, and Saint Fraunces fire:<a href="#Nt_iv.314">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="iv.315"></a><p>Such one was Wrath, the last of this ungodly tire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.316"></a><p>And after all, upon the wagon beame</p> +<a name="iv.317"></a><p class="i2">Rode Sathan, with a smarting whip in hand,</p> +<a name="iv.318"></a><p class="i2">With which he forward lasht the laesie teme,</p> +<a name="iv.319"></a><p class="i2">So oft as Slowth still in the mire did stand.</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="iv.320"></a><p class="i2">Hugh routs of people did about them band,</p> +<a name="iv.321"></a><p class="i2">Showting for joy, and still before their way</p> +<a name="iv.322"></a><p class="i2">A foggy mist had covered all the land;</p> +<a name="iv.323"></a><p class="i2">And underneath their feet, all scattered lay</p> +<a name="iv.324"></a><p>Dead sculs and bones of men, whose life had gone astray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="iv.325"></a><p>So forth they marchen in this goodly sort,</p> +<a name="iv.326"></a><p class="i2">To take the solace of the open aire,</p> +<a name="iv.327"></a><p class="i2">And in fresh flowring fields themselves to sport;</p> +<a name="iv.328"></a><p class="i2">Emongst the rest rode that false Lady faire,</p> +<a name="iv.329"></a><p class="i2">The foule Duessa, next unto the chaire</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="iv.330"></a><p class="i2">Of proud Lucifera, as one of the traine:</p> +<a name="iv.331"></a><p class="i2">But that good knight would not so nigh repaire,</p> +<a name="iv.332"></a><p class="i2">Him selfe estraunging from their joyaunce vaine,</p> +<a name="iv.333"></a><p>Whose fellowship seemd far unfit for warlike swaine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.334"></a><p>So having solaced themselves a space</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="iv.335"></a><p class="i2">With pleasaunce<a href="#Nt_iv.335">°</a> of the breathing fields yfed,</p> +<a name="iv.336"></a><p class="i2">They backe retourned to the Princely Place;</p> +<a name="iv.337"></a><p class="i2">Whereas an errant knight in armes ycled,</p> +<a name="iv.338"></a><p class="i2">And heathnish shield, wherein with letters red</p> +<a name="iv.339"></a><p class="i2">Was writ <i>Sans joy</i>, they new arrived find:</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="iv.340"></a><p class="i2">Enflam'd with fury and fiers hardy-hed</p> +<a name="iv.341"></a><p class="i2">He seemd in hart to harbour thoughts unkind,</p> +<a name="iv.342"></a><p>And nourish bloudy vengeaunce in his bitter mind.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.343"></a><p>Who when the shamed shield of slaine Sansfoy</p> +<a name="iv.344"></a><p class="i2">He spide with that same Faery champions page,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="iv.345"></a><p class="i2">Bewraying him, that did of late destroy</p> +<a name="iv.346"></a><p class="i2">His eldest brother, burning all with rage</p> +<a name="iv.347"></a><p class="i2">He to him leapt, and that same envious gage</p> +<a name="iv.348"></a><p class="i2">Of victors glory from him snatcht away:</p> +<a name="iv.349"></a><p class="i2">But th' Elfin knight, which ought that warlike wage</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="iv.350"></a><p class="i2">Disdaind to loose the meed he wonne in fray,</p> +<a name="iv.351"></a><p>And him rencountring fierce, reskewd the noble pray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.352"></a><p>Therewith they gan to hurtlen greedily,</p> +<a name="iv.353"></a><p class="i2">Redoubted battaile ready to darrayne,</p> +<a name="iv.354"></a><p class="i2">And clash their shields, and shake their swords on hy,</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="iv.355"></a><p class="i2">That with their sturre they troubled all the traine;</p> +<a name="iv.356"></a><p class="i2">Till that great Queene upon eternall paine</p> +<a name="iv.357"></a><p class="i2">Of high displeasure that ensewen might,</p> +<a name="iv.358"></a><p class="i2">Commaunded them their fury to refraine,</p> +<a name="iv.359"></a><p class="i2">And if that either to that shield had right,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="iv.360"></a><p>In equall lists they should the morrow next it fight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.361"></a><p>Ah dearest Dame, (quoth then the Paynim bold,)</p> +<a name="iv.362"></a><p class="i2">Pardon the error of enraged wight,</p> +<a name="iv.363"></a><p class="i2">Whom great griefe made forget the raines to hold</p> +<a name="iv.364"></a><p class="i2">Of reasons rule, to see this recreant knight,</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="iv.365"></a><p class="i2">No knight, but treachour full of false despight</p> +<a name="iv.366"></a><p class="i2">And shamefull treason, who through guile hath slayn</p> +<a name="iv.367"></a><p class="i2">The prowest knight that ever field did fight,</p> +<a name="iv.368"></a><p class="i2">Even stout Sansfoy (O who can then refrayn?)</p> +<a name="iv.369"></a><p>Whose shield he beares renverst, the more to heape disdayn.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="iv.370"></a><p>And to augment the glorie of his guile,</p> +<a name="iv.371"></a><p class="i2">His dearest love, the faire Fidessa, loe</p> +<a name="iv.372"></a><p class="i2">Is there possessed of the traytour vile,</p> +<a name="iv.373"></a><p class="i2">Who reapes the harvest sowen by his foe,</p> +<a name="iv.374"></a><p class="i2">Sowen in bloudy field, and bought with woe:</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="iv.375"></a><p class="i2">That brothers hand shall dearely well requight,</p> +<a name="iv.376"></a><p class="i2">So be, O Queene, you equall favour showe.</p> +<a name="iv.377"></a><p class="i2">Him litle answerd th' angry Elfin knight;</p> +<a name="iv.378"></a><p>He never meant with words, but swords to plead his right.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.379"></a><p>But threw his gauntlet as a sacred pledge,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="iv.380"></a><p class="i2">His cause in combat the next day to try:</p> +<a name="iv.381"></a><p class="i2">So been they parted both, with harts on edge</p> +<a name="iv.382"></a><p class="i2">To be aveng'd each on his enimy.</p> +<a name="iv.383"></a><p class="i2">That night they pas in joy and jollity,</p> +<a name="iv.384"></a><p class="i2">Feasting and courting both in bowre and hall;</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="iv.385"></a><p class="i2">For Steward was excessive Gluttonie,</p> +<a name="iv.386"></a><p class="i2">That of his plenty poured forth to all;</p> +<a name="iv.387"></a><p>Which doen, the Chamberlain Slowth did to rest them call.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.388"></a><p>Now whenas darkesome night had all displayed</p> +<a name="iv.389"></a><p class="i2">Her coleblacke curtein over brightest skye,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="iv.390"></a><p class="i2">The warlike youthes on dayntie couches layd,</p> +<a name="iv.391"></a><p class="i2">Did chace away sweet sleepe from sluggish eye,</p> +<a name="iv.392"></a><p class="i2">To muse on meanes of hoped victory.</p> +<a name="iv.393"></a><p class="i2">But whenas Morpheus had with leaden mace</p> +<a name="iv.394"></a><p class="i2">Arrested all that courtly company,</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="iv.395"></a><p class="i2">Up-rose Duessa from her resting place,</p> +<a name="iv.396"></a><p>And to the Paynims lodging comes with silent pace.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.397"></a><p>Whom broad awake she finds, in troublous fit,</p> +<a name="iv.398"></a><p class="i2">Forecasting, how his foe he might annoy,</p> +<a name="iv.399"></a><p class="i2">And him amoves with speaches seeming fit:</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="iv.400"></a><p class="i2">Ah deare Sansjoy, next dearest to Sansfoy,</p> +<a name="iv.401"></a><p class="i2">Cause of my new griefe, cause of my new joy,</p> +<a name="iv.402"></a><p class="i2">Joyous, to see his ymage in mine eye,</p> +<a name="iv.403"></a><p class="i2">And greev'd, to thinke how foe did him destroy,</p> +<a name="iv.404"></a><p class="i2">That was the flowre of grace and chevalrye;</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="iv.405"></a><p>Lo his Fidessa to thy secret faith I flye.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.406"></a><p>With gentle wordes he can her fairely greet,</p> +<a name="iv.407"></a><p class="i2">And bad say on the secret of her hart.</p> +<a name="iv.408"></a><p class="i2">Then sighing soft, I learne that litle sweet</p> +<a name="iv.409"></a><p class="i2">Oft tempred is (quoth she) with muchell smart:</p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="iv.410"></a><p class="i2">For since my brest was launcht with lovely dart</p> +<a name="iv.411"></a><p class="i2">Of deare Sans foy, I never joyed howre,</p> +<a name="iv.412"></a><p class="i2">But in eternall woes my weaker hart</p> +<a name="iv.413"></a><p class="i2">Have wasted, loving him with all my powre,</p> +<a name="iv.414"></a><p>And for his sake have felt full many an heavie stowre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="iv.415"></a><p>At last when perils all I weened past,</p> +<a name="iv.416"></a><p class="i2">And hop'd to reape the crop of all my care,</p> +<a name="iv.417"></a><p class="i2">Into new woes unweeting I was cast,</p> +<a name="iv.418"></a><p class="i2">By this false faytor, who unworthy ware</p> +<a name="iv.419"></a><p class="i2">His worthy shield, whom he with guilefull snare</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="iv.420"></a><p class="i2">Entrapped slew, and brought to shamefull grave.</p> +<a name="iv.421"></a><p class="i2">Me silly maid away with him he bare,</p> +<a name="iv.422"></a><p class="i2">And ever since hath kept in darksome cave,</p> +<a name="iv.423"></a><p>For that I would not yeeld, that to Sans foy I gave.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.424"></a><p>But since faire Sunne hath sperst that lowring clowd,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="iv.425"></a><p class="i2">And to my loathed life now shewes some light,</p> +<a name="iv.426"></a><p class="i2">Under your beames I will me safely shrowd,</p> +<a name="iv.427"></a><p class="i2">From dreaded storme of his disdainfull spight:</p> +<a name="iv.428"></a><p class="i2">To you th' inheritance belongs by right</p> +<a name="iv.429"></a><p class="i2">Of brothers prayse, to you eke longs his love.</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="iv.430"></a><p class="i2">Let not his love, let not his restlesse spright,</p> +<a name="iv.431"></a><p class="i2">Be unreveng'd, that calles to you above</p> +<a name="iv.432"></a><p>From wandring Stygian shores, where it doth endlesse move.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.xlix"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.433"></a><p>Thereto said he, Faire Dame, be nought dismaid</p> +<a name="iv.434"></a><p class="i2">For sorrowes past; their griefe is with them gone:</p> +<span class="linenum">435</span> +<a name="iv.435"></a><p class="i2">Ne yet of present perill be affraid;</p> +<a name="iv.436"></a><p class="i2">For needlesse feare did never vantage none</p> +<a name="iv.437"></a><p class="i2">And helplesse hap<a href="#Nt_iv.437">°</a> it booteth not to mone.</p> +<a name="iv.438"></a><p class="i2">Dead is Sansfoy, his vitall paines are past,</p> +<a name="iv.439"></a><p class="i2">Though greeved ghost for vengeance deepe do grone:</p> +<span class="linenum">440</span> +<a name="iv.440"></a><p class="i2">He lives, that shall him pay his dewties last,<a href="#Nt_iv.440">°</a></p> +<a name="iv.441"></a><p>And guiltie Elfin blood shall sacrifice in hast.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.l"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.442"></a><p>O but I feare the fickle freakes (quoth shee)</p> +<a name="iv.443"></a><p class="i2">Of fortune false, and oddes of armes<a href="#Nt_iv.443">°</a> in field.</p> +<a name="iv.444"></a><p class="i2">Why Dame (quoth he) what oddes can ever bee,</p> +<span class="linenum">445</span> +<a name="iv.445"></a><p class="i2">Where both do fight alike, to win or yield?</p> +<a name="iv.446"></a><p class="i2">Yea but (quoth she) he beares a charmed shield,</p> +<a name="iv.447"></a><p class="i2">And eke enchaunted armes, that none can perce,</p> +<a name="iv.448"></a><p class="i2">Ne none can wound the man that does them wield.</p> +<a name="iv.449"></a><p class="i2">Charmd or enchaunted (answerd he then ferce)</p> +<span class="linenum">450</span> +<a name="iv.450"></a><p>I no whit reck, ne you the like need to reherce.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="iv.li"></a><p class="i20">LI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="iv.451"></a><p>But faire Fidessa, sithens fortunes guile,</p> +<a name="iv.452"></a><p class="i2">Or enimies powre, hath now captived you,</p> +<a name="iv.453"></a><p class="i2">Returne from whence ye came, and rest a while</p> +<a name="iv.454"></a><p class="i2">Till morrow next, that I the Elfe subdew,</p> +<span class="linenum">455</span> +<a name="iv.455"></a><p class="i2">And with Sansfoyes dead dowry you endew.</p> +<a name="iv.456"></a><p class="i2">Ay me, that is a double death (she said)</p> +<a name="iv.457"></a><p class="i2">With proud foes sight my sorrow to renew:</p> +<a name="iv.458"></a><p class="i2">Where ever yet I be, my secret aid</p> +<a name="iv.459"></a><p>Shall follow you. So passing forth she him obaid.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_V"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO V</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">The faithfull knight in equall field</p> +<p class="z10">subdewes his faithlesse foe,</p> +<p class="z8">Whom false Duessa saves, and for</p> +<p class="z10">his cure to hell does goe.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.1"></a><p>THE noble hart, that harbours vertuous thought,</p> +<a name="v.2"></a><p class="i2">And is with child of glorious great intent,</p> +<a name="v.3"></a><p class="i2">Can never rest, untill it forth have brought</p> +<a name="v.4"></a><p class="i2">Th' eternall brood of glorie excellent.</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="v.5"></a><p class="i2">Such restlesse passion did all night torment</p> +<a name="v.6"></a><p class="i2">The flaming corage of that Faery knight,</p> +<a name="v.7"></a><p class="i2">Devizing, how that doughtie turnament</p> +<a name="v.8"></a><p class="i2">With greatest honour he atchieven might;</p> +<a name="v.9"></a><p>Still did he wake, and still did watch for dawning light.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="v.10"></a><p>At last the golden Orientall gate,</p> +<a name="v.11"></a><p class="i2">Of greatest heaven gan to open faire,</p> +<a name="v.12"></a><p class="i2">And Phoebus fresh, as bridegrome to his mate,</p> +<a name="v.13"></a><p class="i2">Came dauncing forth, shaking his deawie haire:</p> +<a name="v.14"></a><p class="i2">And hurls his glistring beams through gloomy aire.</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="v.15"></a><p class="i2">Which when the wakeful Elfe perceiv'd, streightway</p> +<a name="v.16"></a><p class="i2">He started up, and did him selfe prepaire,</p> +<a name="v.17"></a><p class="i2">In sunbright armes, and battailous array:</p> +<a name="v.18"></a><p>For with that Pagan proud he combat will that day.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.19"></a><p>And forth he comes into the commune hall,</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="v.20"></a><p class="i2">Where earely waite him many a gazing eye,</p> +<a name="v.21"></a><p class="i2">To weet what end to straunger knights may fall.</p> +<a name="v.22"></a><p class="i2">There many Minstrales maken melody,</p> +<a name="v.23"></a><p class="i2">To drive away the dull melancholy,</p> +<a name="v.24"></a><p class="i2">And many Bardes, that to the trembling chord</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="v.25"></a><p class="i2">Can tune their timely voyces<a href="#Nt_v.25">°</a> cunningly,</p> +<a name="v.26"></a><p class="i2">And many Chroniclers that can record</p> +<a name="v.27"></a><p>Old loves,<a href="#Nt_v.27">°</a> and warres for Ladies doen by many a Lord.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.28"></a><p>Soone after comes the cruell Sarazin,</p> +<a name="v.29"></a><p class="i2">In woven maile<a href="#Nt_v.29">°</a> all armed warily,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="v.30"></a><p class="i2">And sternly lookes at him, who not a pin</p> +<a name="v.31"></a><p class="i2">Does care for looke of living creatures eye.</p> +<a name="v.32"></a><p class="i2">They bring them wines of Greece and Araby,<a href="#Nt_v.32">°</a></p> +<a name="v.33"></a><p class="i2">And daintie spices fetcht from furthest Ynd,<a href="#Nt_v.33">°</a></p> +<a name="v.34"></a><p class="i2">To kindle heat of corage privily:</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="v.35"></a><p class="i2">And in the wine a solemne oth they bynd</p> +<a name="v.36"></a><p>T' observe the sacred lawes of armes, that are assynd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.37"></a><p>At last forth comes that far renowmed Queene,</p> +<a name="v.38"></a><p class="i2">With royall pomp and Princely majestie;</p> +<a name="v.39"></a><p class="i2">She is ybrought unto a paled greene,<a href="#Nt_v.39">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="v.40"></a><p class="i2">And placed under stately canapee,</p> +<a name="v.41"></a><p class="i2">The warlike feates of both those knights to see.</p> +<a name="v.42"></a><p class="i2">On th' other side in all mens open vew</p> +<a name="v.43"></a><p class="i2">Duessa placed is, and on a tree</p> +<a name="v.44"></a><p class="i2">Sans-foy his<a href="#Nt_v.44">°</a> shield is hangd with bloody hew:</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="v.45"></a><p>Both those<a href="#Nt_v.45">°</a> the lawrell girlonds to the victor dew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.46"></a><p>A shrilling trompet sownded from on hye,</p> +<a name="v.47"></a><p class="i2">And unto battaill bad them selves addresse:</p> +<a name="v.48"></a><p class="i2">Their shining shieldes about their wrestes they tye,</p> +<a name="v.49"></a><p class="i2">And burning blades about their heads do blesse,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="v.50"></a><p class="i2">The instruments of wrath and heavinesse:</p> +<a name="v.51"></a><p class="i2">With greedy force each other doth assayle,</p> +<a name="v.52"></a><p class="i2">And strike so fiercely, that they do impresse</p> +<a name="v.53"></a><p class="i2">Deepe dinted furrowes in the battred mayle;</p> +<a name="v.54"></a><p>The yron walles to ward their blowes are weak and fraile.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="v.55"></a><p>The Sarazin was stout, and wondrous strong,</p> +<a name="v.56"></a><p class="i2">And heaped blowes like yron hammers great;</p> +<a name="v.57"></a><p class="i2">For after bloud and vengeance he did long.</p> +<a name="v.58"></a><p class="i2">The knight was fiers, and full of youthly heat,</p> +<a name="v.59"></a><p class="i2">And doubled strokes, like dreaded thunders threat:</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="v.60"></a><p class="i2">For all for prayse and honour he did fight.</p> +<a name="v.61"></a><p class="i2">Both stricken strike, and beaten both do beat,</p> +<a name="v.62"></a><p class="i2">That from their shields forth flyeth firie light,</p> +<a name="v.63"></a><p>And helmets hewen deepe show marks of eithers might.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.64"></a><p>So th' one for wrong, the other strives for right;</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="v.65"></a><p class="i2">As when a Gryfon<a href="#Nt_v.65">°</a> seized of his pray,</p> +<a name="v.66"></a><p class="i2">A Dragon fiers encountreth in his flight,</p> +<a name="v.67"></a><p class="i2">Through widest ayre making his ydle way,</p> +<a name="v.68"></a><p class="i2">That would his rightfull ravine rend away;</p> +<a name="v.69"></a><p class="i2">With hideous horror both together smight,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="v.70"></a><p class="i2">And souce so sore that they the heavens affray:</p> +<a name="v.71"></a><p class="i2">The wise Soothsayer seeing so sad sight,</p> +<a name="v.72"></a><p>Th' amazed vulgar tels of warres and mortall fight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.73"></a><p>So th' one for wrong, the other strives for right,</p> +<a name="v.74"></a><p class="i2">And each to deadly shame would drive his foe:</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="v.75"></a><p class="i2">The cruell steele so greedily doth bight</p> +<a name="v.76"></a><p class="i2">In tender flesh that streames of bloud down flow,</p> +<a name="v.77"></a><p class="i2">With which the armes, that earst so bright did show,</p> +<a name="v.78"></a><p class="i2">Into a pure vermillion now are dyde:</p> +<a name="v.79"></a><p class="i2">Great ruth in all the gazers harts did grow,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="v.80"></a><p class="i2">Seeing the gored woundes to gape so wyde,</p> +<a name="v.81"></a><p>That victory they dare not wish to either side.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.82"></a><p>At last the Paynim chaunst to cast his eye,</p> +<a name="v.83"></a><p class="i2">His suddein eye, flaming with wrathful fyre,</p> +<a name="v.84"></a><p class="i2">Upon his brothers shield, which hong thereby:</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="v.85"></a><p class="i2">Therewith redoubled was his raging yre,</p> +<a name="v.86"></a><p class="i2">And said, Ah wretched sonne of wofull syre,</p> +<a name="v.87"></a><p class="i2">Doest thou sit wayling by blacke Stygian lake,</p> +<a name="v.88"></a><p class="i2">Whilest here thy shield is hangd for victors hyre,</p> +<a name="v.89"></a><p class="i2">And sluggish german<a href="#Nt_v.89">°</a> doest thy forces slake</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="v.90"></a><p>To after-send his foe, that him may overtake?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.91"></a><p>Goe caytive Elfe, him quickly overtake,</p> +<a name="v.92"></a><p class="i2">And soone redeeme from his long wandring woe;</p> +<a name="v.93"></a><p class="i2">Goe guiltie ghost, to him my message make,</p> +<a name="v.94"></a><p class="i2">That I his shield have quit from dying foe.</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="v.95"></a><p class="i2">Therewith upon his crest he stroke him so,</p> +<a name="v.96"></a><p class="i2">That twise he reeled, readie twise to fall;</p> +<a name="v.97"></a><p class="i2">End of the doubtfull battell deemed tho</p> +<a name="v.98"></a><p class="i2">The lookers on, and lowd to him gan call</p> +<a name="v.99"></a><p>The false Duessa, Thine the shield, and I, and all.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="v.100"></a><p>Soone as the Faerie heard his Ladie speake,<a href="#Nt_v.100">°</a></p> +<a name="v.101"></a><p class="i2">Out of his swowning dreame he gan awake,</p> +<a name="v.102"></a><p class="i2">And quickning faith, that earst was woxen weake,</p> +<a name="v.103"></a><p class="i2">The creeping deadly cold away did shake:</p> +<a name="v.104"></a><p class="i2">Tho mov'd with wrath, and shame, and Ladies sake,</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="v.105"></a><p class="i2">Of all attonce he cast avengd to bee,</p> +<a name="v.106"></a><p class="i2">And with so' exceeding furie at him strake,</p> +<a name="v.107"></a><p class="i2">That forced him to stoupe upon his knee;</p> +<a name="v.108"></a><p>Had he not stouped so, he should have cloven bee.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.109"></a><p>And to him said, Goe now proud Miscreant,</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="v.110"></a><p class="i2">Thy selfe thy message do to german deare;</p> +<a name="v.111"></a><p class="i2">Alone he wandring thee too long doth want:</p> +<a name="v.112"></a><p class="i2">Goe say, his foe thy shield with his doth beare.</p> +<a name="v.113"></a><p class="i2">Therewith his heavie hand he high gan reare,</p> +<a name="v.114"></a><p class="i2">Him to have slaine; when loe a darkesome clowd<a href="#Nt_v.114">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="v.115"></a><p class="i2">Upon him fell: he no where doth appeare,</p> +<a name="v.116"></a><p class="i2">But vanisht is. The Elfe him calls alowd,</p> +<a name="v.117"></a><p>But answer none receives: the darkness him does shrowd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.118"></a><p>In haste Duessa from her place arose,</p> +<a name="v.119"></a><p class="i2">And to him running said, O prowest knight,</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="v.120"></a><p class="i2">That ever Ladie to her love did chose,</p> +<a name="v.121"></a><p class="i2">Let now abate the terror of your might,</p> +<a name="v.122"></a><p class="i2">And quench the flame of furious despight,</p> +<a name="v.123"></a><p class="i2">And bloudie vengeance; lo th' infernall powres,</p> +<a name="v.124"></a><p class="i2">Covering your foe with cloud of deadly night,</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="v.125"></a><p class="i2">Have borne him hence to Plutoes balefull bowres.</p> +<a name="v.126"></a><p>The conquest yours, I yours, the shield, the glory yours.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.127"></a><p>Not all so satisfide, with greedie eye</p> +<a name="v.128"></a><p class="i2">He sought all round about, his thristie blade</p> +<a name="v.129"></a><p class="i2">To bath in bloud of faithlesse enemy;</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="v.130"></a><p class="i2">Who all that while lay hid in secret shade:</p> +<a name="v.131"></a><p class="i2">He standes amazed, how he thence should fade.</p> +<a name="v.132"></a><p class="i2">At last the trumpets Triumph sound on hie,</p> +<a name="v.133"></a><p class="i2">And running Heralds humble homage made,</p> +<a name="v.134"></a><p class="i2">Greeting him goodly with new victorie,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="v.135"></a><p>And to him brought the shield, the cause of enmitie.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.136"></a><p>Wherewith he goeth to that soveraine Queene,</p> +<a name="v.137"></a><p class="i2">And falling her before on lowly knee,</p> +<a name="v.138"></a><p class="i2">To her makes present of his service seene:</p> +<a name="v.139"></a><p class="i2">Which she accepts, with thankes, and goodly gree,</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="v.140"></a><p class="i2">Greatly advauncing his gay chevalree.</p> +<a name="v.141"></a><p class="i2">So marcheth home, and by her takes the knight,</p> +<a name="v.142"></a><p class="i2">Whom all the people follow with great glee,</p> +<a name="v.143"></a><p class="i2">Shouting, and clapping all their hands on hight,</p> +<a name="v.144"></a><p>That all the aire it fils, and flyes to heaven bright.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="v.145"></a><p>Home is he brought, and laid in sumptuous bed:</p> +<a name="v.146"></a><p class="i2">Where many skilfull leaches him abide,</p> +<a name="v.147"></a><p class="i2">To salve his hurts, that yet still freshly bled.</p> +<a name="v.148"></a><p class="i2">In wine and oyle they wash his woundes wide,</p> +<a name="v.149"></a><p class="i2">And softly can embalme on every side.</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="v.150"></a><p class="i2">And all the while, most heavenly melody</p> +<a name="v.151"></a><p class="i2">About the bed sweet musicke did divide,</p> +<a name="v.152"></a><p class="i2">Him to beguile of griefe and agony:</p> +<a name="v.153"></a><p>And all the while Duessa wept full bitterly.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.154"></a><p>As when a wearie traveller that strayes</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="v.155"></a><p class="i2">By muddy shore of broad seven-mouthed Nile,</p> +<a name="v.156"></a><p class="i2">Unweeting of the perillous wandring wayes,</p> +<a name="v.157"></a><p class="i2">Doth meete a cruell craftie Crocodile,</p> +<a name="v.158"></a><p class="i2">Which in false griefe hyding his harmefull guile,</p> +<a name="v.159"></a><p class="i2">Doth weepe full sore, and sheddeth tender teares:<a href="#Nt_v.159">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="v.160"></a><p class="i2">The foolish man, that pitties all this while</p> +<a name="v.161"></a><p class="i2">His mournefull plight, is swallowed up unawares,</p> +<a name="v.162"></a><p>Forgetfull of his owne, that mindes anothers cares.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.163"></a><p>So wept Duessa untill eventide,</p> +<a name="v.164"></a><p class="i2">That shyning lampes in Joves high house were light:</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="v.165"></a><p class="i2">Then forth she rose, ne lenger would abide,</p> +<a name="v.166"></a><p class="i2">But comes unto the place, where th' Hethen knight</p> +<a name="v.167"></a><p class="i2">In slombring swownd nigh voyd of vitall spright,</p> +<a name="v.168"></a><p class="i2">Lay cover'd with inchaunted cloud all day:</p> +<a name="v.169"></a><p class="i2">Whom when she found, as she him left in plight,</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="v.170"></a><p class="i2">To wayle his woefull case she would not stay,</p> +<a name="v.171"></a><p>But to the easterne coast of heaven makes speedy way.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.172"></a><p>Where griesly Night,<a href="#Nt_v.172">°</a> with visage deadly sad,</p> +<a name="v.173"></a><p class="i2">That Phœbus chearefull face durst never vew,</p> +<a name="v.174"></a><p class="i2">And in a foule blacke pitchie mantle clad,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="v.175"></a><p class="i2">She findes forth comming from her darkesome mew,</p> +<a name="v.176"></a><p class="i2">Where she all day did hide her hated hew.</p> +<a name="v.177"></a><p class="i2">Before the dore her yron charet stood,</p> +<a name="v.178"></a><p class="i2">Alreadie harnessed for journey new;</p> +<a name="v.179"></a><p class="i2">And coleblacke steedes yborne of hellish brood,</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="v.180"></a><p>That on their rustie bits did champ, as they were wood.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.181"></a><p>Who when she saw Duessa sunny bright,</p> +<a name="v.182"></a><p class="i2">Adornd with gold and jewels shining cleare,</p> +<a name="v.183"></a><p class="i2">She greatly grew amazed at the sight,</p> +<a name="v.184"></a><p class="i2">And th' unacquainted light began to feare:</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="v.185"></a><p class="i2">For never did such brightnesse there appeare,</p> +<a name="v.186"></a><p class="i2">And would have backe retyred to her cave,</p> +<a name="v.187"></a><p class="i2">Until the witches speech she gan to heare,</p> +<a name="v.188"></a><p class="i2">Saying, Yet, O thou dreaded Dame, I crave</p> +<a name="v.189"></a><p>Abide, till I have told the message which I have.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="v.190"></a><p>She stayd, and foorth Duessa gan proceede</p> +<a name="v.191"></a><p class="i2">O thou most auncient Grandmother of all,</p> +<a name="v.192"></a><p class="i2">More old then Jove, whom thou at first didst breede,</p> +<a name="v.193"></a><p class="i2">Or that great house of Gods cęlestiall,</p> +<a name="v.194"></a><p class="i2">Which wast begot in Daemogorgons hall,</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="v.195"></a><p class="i2">And sawst the secrets of the world unmade,</p> +<a name="v.196"></a><p class="i2">Why suffredst thou thy Nephewes deare to fall</p> +<a name="v.197"></a><p class="i2">With Elfin sword, most shamefully betrade?</p> +<a name="v.198"></a><p>Lo where the stout Sansjoy doth sleepe in deadly shade.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.199"></a><p>And him before, I saw with bitter eyes</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="v.200"></a><p class="i2">The bold Sansfoy shrinke underneath his speare;</p> +<a name="v.201"></a><p class="i2">And now the pray of fowles in field he lyes,</p> +<a name="v.202"></a><p class="i2">Nor wayld of friends, nor layd on groning beare,<a href="#Nt_v.202">°</a></p> +<a name="v.203"></a><p class="i2">That whylome was to me too dearely deare.</p> +<a name="v.204"></a><p class="i2">O what of Gods<a href="#Nt_v.204">°</a> then boots it to be borne,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="v.205"></a><p class="i2">If old Aveugles sonnes so evill heare?</p> +<a name="v.206"></a><p class="i2">Or who shall not great Nightes children scorne,</p> +<a name="v.207"></a><p>When two of three her Nephews are so fowle forlorne?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.208"></a><p>Up then, up dreary Dame, of darknesse Queene,</p> +<a name="v.209"></a><p class="i2">Go gather up the reliques of thy race,</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="v.210"></a><p class="i2">Or else goe them avenge, and let be seene,</p> +<a name="v.211"></a><p class="i2">That dreaded Night in brightest day hath place,</p> +<a name="v.212"></a><p class="i2">And can the children of faire light deface.</p> +<a name="v.213"></a><p class="i2">Her feeling speeches some compassion moved</p> +<a name="v.214"></a><p class="i2">In hart, and chaunge in that great mothers face:</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="v.215"></a><p class="i2">Yet pittie in her hart was never proved</p> +<a name="v.216"></a><p>Till then: for evermore she hated, never loved.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.217"></a><p>And said, Deare daughter rightly may I rew</p> +<a name="v.218"></a><p class="i2">The fall of famous children borne of mee,</p> +<a name="v.219"></a><p class="i2">And good successes,<a href="#Nt_v.219">°</a> which their foes ensew:</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="v.220"></a><p class="i2">But who can turne the streame of destinee,</p> +<a name="v.221"></a><p class="i2">Or breake the chayne<a href="#Nt_v.221">°</a> of strong necessitee,</p> +<a name="v.222"></a><p class="i2">Which fast is tyde to Joves eternall seat?</p> +<a name="v.223"></a><p class="i2">The sonnes of Day he favoureth, I see,</p> +<a name="v.224"></a><p class="i2">And by my ruines thinkes to make them great:</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="v.225"></a><p>To make one great by others losse, is bad excheat.<a href="#Nt_v.225">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.226"></a><p>Yet shall they not escape so freely all;</p> +<a name="v.227"></a><p class="i2">For some shall pay the price of others guilt:</p> +<a name="v.228"></a><p class="i2">And he the man that made Sansfoy to fall,</p> +<a name="v.229"></a><p class="i2">Shall with his owne bloud<a href="#Nt_v.229">°</a> price that he has spilt.</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="v.230"></a><p class="i2">But what art thou, that telst of Nephews kilt?</p> +<a name="v.231"></a><p class="i2">I that do seeme not I, Duessa am,</p> +<a name="v.232"></a><p class="i2">(Quoth she) how ever now in garments gilt,</p> +<a name="v.233"></a><p class="i2">And gorgeous gold arrayd I to thee came;</p> +<a name="v.234"></a><p>Duessa I, the daughter of Deceipt and Shame.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="v.235"></a><p>Then bowing downe her aged backe, she kist</p> +<a name="v.236"></a><p class="i2">The wicked witch, saying; In that faire face</p> +<a name="v.237"></a><p class="i2">The false resemblance of Deceipt I wist</p> +<a name="v.238"></a><p class="i2">Did closely lurke; yet so true-seeming grace</p> +<a name="v.239"></a><p class="i2">It carried, that I scarce in darkesome place</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="v.240"></a><p class="i2">Could it discerne, though I the mother bee</p> +<a name="v.241"></a><p class="i2">Of falshood, and roote of Duessaes race.</p> +<a name="v.242"></a><p class="i2">O welcome child, whom I have longd to see,</p> +<a name="v.243"></a><p>And now have seene unwares. Lo now I go with thee.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.244"></a><p>Then to her yron wagon she betakes,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="v.245"></a><p class="i2">And with her beares the fowle welfavourd witch:</p> +<a name="v.246"></a><p class="i2">Through mirkesome aire her readie way she makes.</p> +<a name="v.247"></a><p class="i2">Her twyfold Teme, of which two blacke as pitch,</p> +<a name="v.248"></a><p class="i2">And two were browne, yet each to each unlich,</p> +<a name="v.249"></a><p class="i2">Did softly swim away, ne ever stampe,</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="v.250"></a><p class="i2">Unlesse she chaunst their stubborne mouths to twitch;</p> +<a name="v.251"></a><p class="i2">Then foming tarre, their bridles they would champe,</p> +<a name="v.252"></a><p>And trampling the fine element would fiercely rampe.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.253"></a><p>So well they sped, that they be come at length</p> +<a name="v.254"></a><p class="i2">Unto the place, whereas the Paynim lay,</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="v.255"></a><p class="i2">Devoid of outward sense, and native strength,</p> +<a name="v.256"></a><p class="i2">Coverd with charmed cloud from vew of day</p> +<a name="v.257"></a><p class="i2">And sight of men, since his late luckelesse fray.</p> +<a name="v.258"></a><p class="i2">His cruell wounds with cruddy bloud congeald</p> +<a name="v.259"></a><p class="i2">They binden up so wisely, as they may,</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="v.260"></a><p class="i2">And handle softly, till they can be healed:</p> +<a name="v.261"></a><p>So lay him in her charet close in night concealed.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.262"></a><p>And all the while she stood upon the ground,</p> +<a name="v.263"></a><p class="i2">The wakefull dogs did never cease to bay,<a href="#Nt_v.263">°</a></p> +<a name="v.264"></a><p class="i2">As giving warning of th' unwonted sound,</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="v.265"></a><p class="i2">With which her yron wheeles did them affray,</p> +<a name="v.266"></a><p class="i2">And her darke griesly looke them much dismay:</p> +<a name="v.267"></a><p class="i2">The messenger of death, the ghastly Owle<a href="#Nt_v.267">°</a></p> +<a name="v.268"></a><p class="i2">With drery shriekes did also her bewray;</p> +<a name="v.269"></a><p class="i2">And hungry Wolves continually did howle,</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="v.270"></a><p>At her abhorred face, so filthy and so fowle.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.271"></a><p>Thence turning backe in silence soft they stole,</p> +<a name="v.272"></a><p class="i2">And brought the heavie corse with easie pace</p> +<a name="v.273"></a><p class="i2">To yawning gulfe of deepe Avernus hole.<a href="#Nt_v.273">°</a></p> +<a name="v.274"></a><p class="i2">By that same hole an entrance darke and bace</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="v.275"></a><p class="i2">With smoake and sulphure hiding all the place,</p> +<a name="v.276"></a><p class="i2">Descends to hell: there creature never past,</p> +<a name="v.277"></a><p class="i2">That backe returned without heavenly grace;</p> +<a name="v.278"></a><p class="i2">But dreadfull Furies which their chaines have brast,</p> +<a name="v.279"></a><p>And damned sprights sent forth to make ill men aghast.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="v.280"></a><p>By that same way the direfull dames doe drive</p> +<a name="v.281"></a><p class="i2">Their mournefull charet, fild with rusty blood,</p> +<a name="v.282"></a><p class="i2">And downe to Plutoes house are come bilive:</p> +<a name="v.283"></a><p class="i2">Which passing through, on every side them stood</p> +<a name="v.284"></a><p class="i2">The trembling ghosts with sad amazed mood,</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="v.285"></a><p class="i2">Chattring their yron teeth, and staring wide</p> +<a name="v.286"></a><p class="i2">With stonie eyes; and all the hellish brood</p> +<a name="v.287"></a><p class="i2">Of feends infernall flockt on every side,</p> +<a name="v.288"></a><p>To gaze on earthly wight that with the Night durst ride.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.289"></a><p>They pas the bitter waves of Acheron,</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="v.290"></a><p class="i2">Where many soules sit wailing woefully,</p> +<a name="v.291"></a><p class="i2">And come to fiery flood of Phlegeton,</p> +<a name="v.292"></a><p class="i2">Whereas the damned ghosts in torments fry,</p> +<a name="v.293"></a><p class="i2">And with sharpe shrilling shriekes doe bootlesse cry,</p> +<a name="v.294"></a><p class="i2">Cursing high Jove, the which them thither sent.</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="v.295"></a><p class="i2">The house of endlesse paine is built thereby,</p> +<a name="v.296"></a><p class="i2">In which ten thousand sorts of punishment</p> +<a name="v.297"></a><p>The cursed creatures doe eternally torment.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.298"></a><p>Before the threshold dreadfull Cerberus<a href="#Nt_v.298">°</a></p> +<a name="v.299"></a><p class="i2">His three deformed heads did lay along,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="v.300"></a><p class="i2">Curled with thousand adders venemous,</p> +<a name="v.301"></a><p class="i2">And lilled forth his bloudie flaming tong:</p> +<a name="v.302"></a><p class="i2">At them he gan to reare his bristles strong,</p> +<a name="v.303"></a><p class="i2">And felly gnarre, until Dayes enemy</p> +<a name="v.304"></a><p class="i2">Did him appease; then downe his taile he hong</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="v.305"></a><p class="i2">And suffred them to passen quietly:</p> +<a name="v.306"></a><p>For she in hell and heaven had power equally.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.307"></a><p>There was Ixion turned on a wheele,<a href="#Nt_v.xxxv">°</a></p> +<a name="v.308"></a><p class="i2">For daring tempt the Queene of heaven to sin;</p> +<a name="v.309"></a><p class="i2">And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reele</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="v.310"></a><p class="i2">Against an hill, ne might from labour lin;</p> +<a name="v.311"></a><p class="i2">There thirsty Tantalus hong by the chin;</p> +<a name="v.312"></a><p class="i2">And Tityus fed a vulture on his maw;</p> +<a name="v.313"></a><p class="i2">Typhœus joynts were stretched on a gin,</p> +<a name="v.314"></a><p class="i2">Theseus condemnd to endlesse slouth by law,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="v.315"></a><p>And fifty sisters water in leake vessels draw.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.316"></a><p>They all beholding worldly wights in place,</p> +<a name="v.317"></a><p class="i2">Leave off their worke, unmindfull of their smart,</p> +<a name="v.318"></a><p class="i2">To gaze on them; who forth by them doe pace,</p> +<a name="v.319"></a><p class="i2">Till they be come unto the furthest part;</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="v.320"></a><p class="i2">Where was a Cave ywrought by wondrous art,</p> +<a name="v.321"></a><p class="i2">Deepe, darke, uneasie, dolefull, comfortlesse,</p> +<a name="v.322"></a><p class="i2">In which sad Aesculapius<a href="#Nt_v.322">°</a> farre apart</p> +<a name="v.323"></a><p class="i2">Emprisond was in chaines remedilesse,</p> +<a name="v.324"></a><p>For that Hippolytus rent corse he did redresse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="v.325"></a><p>Hippolytus a jolly huntsman was</p> +<a name="v.326"></a><p class="i2">That wont in charett chace the foming Bore:</p> +<a name="v.327"></a><p class="i2">He all his Peeres in beauty did surpas,</p> +<a name="v.328"></a><p class="i2">But Ladies love as losse of time forbore:</p> +<a name="v.329"></a><p class="i2">His wanton stepdame loved him the more,</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="v.330"></a><p class="i2">But when she saw her offred sweets refused,</p> +<a name="v.331"></a><p class="i2">Her love she turnd to hate, and him before</p> +<a name="v.332"></a><p class="i2">His father fierce of treason false accused,</p> +<a name="v.333"></a><p>And with her gealous termes his open eares abused.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.334"></a><p>Who all in rage his Sea-god syre besought,</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="v.335"></a><p class="i2">Some cursed vengeaunce on his sonne to cast,</p> +<a name="v.336"></a><p class="i2">From surging gulf two monsters straight were brought,</p> +<a name="v.337"></a><p class="i2">With dread whereof his chasing steedes aghast,</p> +<a name="v.338"></a><p class="i2">Both charet swift and huntsman overcast.</p> +<a name="v.339"></a><p class="i2">His goodly corps on ragged cliffs yrent,</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="v.340"></a><p class="i2">Was quite dismembred, and his members chast</p> +<a name="v.341"></a><p class="i2">Scattered on every mountaine, as he went,</p> +<a name="v.342"></a><p>That of Hippolytus was left no moniment.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.343"></a><p>His cruell step-dame seeing what was donne,</p> +<a name="v.344"></a><p class="i2">Her wicked dayes with wretched knife did end,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="v.345"></a><p class="i2">In death avowing th' innocence of her sonne,</p> +<a name="v.346"></a><p class="i2">Which hearing, his rash Syre began to rend</p> +<a name="v.347"></a><p class="i2">His haire, and hastie tongue that did offend.</p> +<a name="v.348"></a><p class="i2">Tho gathering up the relicks of his smart,</p> +<a name="v.349"></a><p class="i2">By Dianes meanes, who was Hippolyts frend,</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="v.350"></a><p class="i2">Them brought to Ęsculape, that by his art</p> +<a name="v.351"></a><p>Did heale them all againe, and joyned every part.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.352"></a><p>Such wondrous science in mans wit to raine</p> +<a name="v.353"></a><p class="i2">When Jove avizd, that could the dead revive,</p> +<a name="v.354"></a><p class="i2">And fates expired<a href="#Nt_v.354">°</a> could renew againe,</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="v.355"></a><p class="i2">Of endlesse life he might him not deprive,</p> +<a name="v.356"></a><p class="i2">But unto hell did thrust him downe alive,</p> +<a name="v.357"></a><p class="i2">With flashing thunderbolt ywounded sore:</p> +<a name="v.358"></a><p class="i2">Where long remaining, he did alwaies strive</p> +<a name="v.359"></a><p class="i2">Himselfe with salves to health for to restore,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="v.360"></a><p>And slake the heavenly fire, that raged evermore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.361"></a><p>There auncient Night arriving, did alight</p> +<a name="v.362"></a><p class="i2">From her nigh wearie waine, and in her armes</p> +<a name="v.363"></a><p class="i2">To Ęsculapius brought the wounded knight:</p> +<a name="v.364"></a><p class="i2">Whom having softly disarayd of armes,</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="v.365"></a><p class="i2">Tho gan to him discover all his harmes,</p> +<a name="v.366"></a><p class="i2">Beseeching him with prayer, and with praise,</p> +<a name="v.367"></a><p class="i2">If either salves, or oyles, or herbes, or charmes</p> +<a name="v.368"></a><p class="i2">A fordonne wight from dore of death mote raise,</p> +<a name="v.369"></a><p>He would at her request prolong her nephews daies.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="v.370"></a><p>Ah Dame (quoth he) thou temptest me in vaine,</p> +<a name="v.371"></a><p class="i2">To dare the thing, which daily yet I rew,</p> +<a name="v.372"></a><p class="i2">And the old cause of my continued paine</p> +<a name="v.373"></a><p class="i2">With like attempt to like end to renew.</p> +<a name="v.374"></a><p class="i2">Is not enough, that thrust from heaven dew</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="v.375"></a><p class="i2">Here endlesse penance for one fault I pay,</p> +<a name="v.376"></a><p class="i2">But that redoubled crime with vengeance new</p> +<a name="v.377"></a><p class="i2">Thou biddest me to eeke? can Night defray</p> +<a name="v.378"></a><p>The wrath of thundring Jove that rules both night and day?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.379"></a><p>Not so (quoth she) but sith that heavens king</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="v.380"></a><p class="i2">From hope of heaven hath thee excluded quight,</p> +<a name="v.381"></a><p class="i2">Why fearest thou, that canst not hope for thing;</p> +<a name="v.382"></a><p class="i2">And fearest not, that more thee hurten might,</p> +<a name="v.383"></a><p class="i2">Now in the powre of everlasting Night?</p> +<a name="v.384"></a><p class="i2">Goe to then, O thou farre renowmed sonne</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="v.385"></a><p class="i2">Of great Apollo, shew thy famous might</p> +<a name="v.386"></a><p class="i2">In medicine, that else hath to thee wonne</p> +<a name="v.387"></a><p>Great paines, and greater praise,<a href="#Nt_v.387">°</a> both never to be donne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.388"></a><p>Her words prevaild: And then the learned leach</p> +<a name="v.389"></a><p class="i2">His cunning hand gan to his wounds to lay,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="v.390"></a><p class="i2">And all things else, the which his art did teach:</p> +<a name="v.391"></a><p class="i2">Which having seene, from thence arose away</p> +<a name="v.392"></a><p class="i2">The mother of dread darknesse, and let stay</p> +<a name="v.393"></a><p class="i2">Aveugles sonne there in the leaches cure,</p> +<a name="v.394"></a><p class="i2">And backe returning tooke her wonted way,</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="v.395"></a><p class="i2">To runne her timely race, whilst Phœbus pure,</p> +<a name="v.396"></a><p>In westerne waves his weary wagon did recure.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.397"></a><p>The false Duessa leaving noyous Night,</p> +<a name="v.398"></a><p class="i2">Returnd to stately pallace of Dame Pride;</p> +<a name="v.399"></a><p class="i2">Where when she came, she found the Faery knight</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="v.400"></a><p class="i2">Departed thence, albe his woundes wide</p> +<a name="v.401"></a><p class="i2">Not throughly heald, unreadie were to ride.</p> +<a name="v.402"></a><p class="i2">Good cause he had to hasten thence away;</p> +<a name="v.403"></a><p class="i2">For on a day his wary Dwarfe had spide</p> +<a name="v.404"></a><p class="i2">Where in a dongeon deepe huge numbers lay</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="v.405"></a><p>Of caytive wretched thrals, that wayled night and day.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.406"></a><p>A ruefull sight, as could be seene with eie;</p> +<a name="v.407"></a><p class="i2">Of whom he learned had in secret wise</p> +<a name="v.408"></a><p class="i2">The hidden cause of their captivitie,</p> +<a name="v.409"></a><p class="i2">How mortgaging their lives to Covetise,</p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="v.410"></a><p class="i2">Through wastfull Pride and wanton Riotise,</p> +<a name="v.411"></a><p class="i2">They were by law of that proud Tyrannesse,</p> +<a name="v.412"></a><p class="i2">Provokt with Wrath, and Envies false surmise,</p> +<a name="v.413"></a><p class="i2">Condemned to that Dongeon mercilesse,</p> +<a name="v.414"></a><p>Where they should live in woe, and die in wretchednesse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="v.415"></a><p>There was that great proud king of Babylon,<a href="#Nt_v.415">°</a></p> +<a name="v.416"></a><p class="i2">That would compell all nations to adore,</p> +<a name="v.417"></a><p class="i2">And him as onely God to call upon,</p> +<a name="v.418"></a><p class="i2">Till through celestiall doome throwne out of dore,</p> +<a name="v.419"></a><p class="i2">Into an Oxe he was transform'd of yore:</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="v.420"></a><p class="i2">There also was king Croesus,<a href="#Nt_v.420">°</a> that enhaunst</p> +<a name="v.421"></a><p class="i2">His hart too high through his great riches store;</p> +<a name="v.422"></a><p class="i2">And proud Antiochus,<a href="#Nt_v.422">°</a> the which advaunst</p> +<a name="v.423"></a><p>His cursed hand gainst God and on his altars daunst.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.424"></a><p>And them long time before, great Nimrod<a href="#Nt_v.424">°</a> was,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="v.425"></a><p class="i2">That first the world with sword and fire warrayd;</p> +<a name="v.426"></a><p class="i2">And after him old Ninus<a href="#Nt_v.426">°</a> farre did pas</p> +<a name="v.427"></a><p class="i2">In princely pompe, of all the world obayd;</p> +<a name="v.428"></a><p class="i2">There also was that mightie Monarch<a href="#Nt_v.428">°</a> layd</p> +<a name="v.429"></a><p class="i2">Low under all, yet above all in pride,</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="v.430"></a><p class="i2">That name of native syre did fowle upbrayd,</p> +<a name="v.431"></a><p class="i2">And would as Ammons sonne be magnifide,</p> +<a name="v.432"></a><p>Till scornd of God and man a shamefull death he dide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.xlix"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.433"></a><p>All these together in one heape were throwne,</p> +<a name="v.434"></a><p class="i2">Like carkases of beasts in butchers stall.</p> +<span class="linenum">435</span> +<a name="v.435"></a><p class="i2">And in another corner wide were strowne</p> +<a name="v.436"></a><p class="i2">The antique ruines of the Romaines fall:</p> +<a name="v.437"></a><p class="i2">Great Romulus<a href="#Nt_v.437">°</a> the Grandsyre of them all,</p> +<a name="v.438"></a><p class="i2">Proud Tarquin,<a href="#Nt_v.438_1">°</a> and too lordly Lentulus,<a href="#Nt_v.438_2">°</a></p> +<a name="v.439"></a><p class="i2">Stout Scipio,<a href="#Nt_v.439_1">°</a> and stubborne Hanniball,<a href="#Nt_v.439_2">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">440</span> +<a name="v.440"></a><p class="i2">Ambitious Sylla,<a href="#Nt_v.440_1">°</a> and sterne Marius,<a href="#Nt_v.440_2">°</a></p> +<a name="v.441"></a><p>High Caesar,<a href="#Nt_v.441_1">°</a> great Pompey,<a href="#Nt_v.441_2">°</a> and fierce Antonius.<a href="#Nt_v.441_3">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.l"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.442"></a><p>Amongst these mightie men were wemen mixt,</p> +<a name="v.443"></a><p class="i2">Proud wemen, vaine, forgetfull of their yoke:</p> +<a name="v.444"></a><p class="i2">The bold Semiramis,<a href="#Nt_v.444">°</a> whose sides transfixt</p> +<span class="linenum">445</span> +<a name="v.445"></a><p class="i2">With sonnes own blade, her fowle reproches spoke;</p> +<a name="v.446"></a><p class="i2">Faire Sthenoboea,<a href="#Nt_v.446">°</a> that her selfe did choke</p> +<a name="v.447"></a><p class="i2">With wilfull cord, for wanting of her will;</p> +<a name="v.448"></a><p class="i2">High minded Cleopatra,<a href="#Nt_v.448">°</a> that with stroke</p> +<a name="v.449"></a><p class="i2">Of Aspes sting her selfe did stoutly kill:</p> +<span class="linenum">450</span> +<a name="v.450"></a><p>And thousands moe the like, that did that dongeon fill;</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.li"></a><p class="i20">LI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.451"></a><p>Besides the endlesse routs of wretched thralles,</p> +<a name="v.452"></a><p class="i2">Which thither were assembled day by day,</p> +<a name="v.453"></a><p class="i2">From all the world after their wofull falles</p> +<a name="v.454"></a><p class="i2">Through wicked pride, and wasted wealthes decay.</p> +<span class="linenum">455</span> +<a name="v.455"></a><p class="i2">But most of all, which in the Dongeon lay,</p> +<a name="v.456"></a><p class="i2">Fell from high Princes courts, or Ladies bowres;</p> +<a name="v.457"></a><p class="i2">Where they in idle pompe, or wanton play,</p> +<a name="v.458"></a><p class="i2">Consumed had their goods, and thriftlesse howres,</p> +<a name="v.459"></a><p>And lastly throwne themselves into these heavy stowres.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.lii"></a><p class="i20">LII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">460</span> +<a name="v.460"></a><p>Whose case when as the carefull Dwarfe had tould,</p> +<a name="v.461"></a><p class="i2">And made ensample of their mournefull sight</p> +<a name="v.462"></a><p class="i2">Unto his maister, he no lenger would</p> +<a name="v.463"></a><p class="i2">There dwell in perill of like painefull plight,</p> +<a name="v.464"></a><p class="i2">But early rose, and ere that dawning light</p> +<span class="linenum">465</span> +<a name="v.465"></a><p class="i2">Discovered had the world to heaven wyde,</p> +<a name="v.466"></a><p class="i2">He by a privie Posterne tooke his flight,</p> +<a name="v.467"></a><p class="i2">That of no envious eyes he mote be spyde:</p> +<a name="v.468"></a><p>For doubtlesse death ensewd, if any him descryde.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="v.liii"></a><p class="i20">LIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="v.469"></a><p>Scarse could he footing find in that fowle way,</p> +<span class="linenum">470</span> +<a name="v.470"></a><p class="i2">For many corses, like a great Lay-stall,</p> +<a name="v.471"></a><p class="i2">Of murdred men which therein strowed lay,</p> +<a name="v.472"></a><p class="i2">Without remorse, or decent funerall:</p> +<a name="v.473"></a><p class="i2">Which all through that great Princesse pride did fall</p> +<a name="v.474"></a><p class="i2">And came to shamefull end. And them beside</p> +<span class="linenum">475</span> +<a name="v.475"></a><p class="i2">Forth ryding underneath the castell wall,</p> +<a name="v.476"></a><p class="i2">A donghill of dead carkases he spide,</p> +<a name="v.477"></a><p>The dreadfull spectacle of that sad house of Pride.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_VI"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO VI</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">From lawlesse lust by wondrous grace</p> +<p class="z10">fayre Una is releast:</p> +<p class="z8">Whom salvage nation does adore,</p> +<p class="z10">and learnes her wise beheast.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.1"></a><p>AS when a ship, that flyes faire under saile,</p> +<a name="vi.2"></a><p class="i2">An hidden rocke escaped hath unwares,</p> +<a name="vi.3"></a><p class="i2">That lay in waite her wrack for to bewaile,</p> +<a name="vi.4"></a><p class="i2">The Marriner yet halfe amazed stares</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="vi.5"></a><p class="i2">At perill past, and yet in doubt ne dares</p> +<a name="vi.6"></a><p class="i2">To joy at his foole-happie oversight:</p> +<a name="vi.7"></a><p class="i2">So doubly is distrest twixt joy and cares</p> +<a name="vi.8"></a><p class="i2">The dreadlesse courage of this Elfin knight,</p> +<a name="vi.9"></a><p>Having escapt so sad ensamples in his sight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="vi.10"></a><p>Yet sad he was that his too hastie speede</p> +<a name="vi.11"></a><p class="i2">The faire Duess' had forst him leave behind;</p> +<a name="vi.12"></a><p class="i2">And yet more sad, that Una his deare dreed</p> +<a name="vi.13"></a><p class="i2">Her truth had staind with treason so unkind;</p> +<a name="vi.14"></a><p class="i2">Yet crime in her could never creature find,</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="vi.15"></a><p class="i2">But for his love, and for her owne selfe sake,</p> +<a name="vi.16"></a><p class="i2">She wandred had from one to other Ynd,<a href="#Nt_vi.16">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.17"></a><p class="i2">Him for to seeke, ne ever would forsake,</p> +<a name="vi.18"></a><p>Till her unwares the fiers Sansloy did overtake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.19"></a><p>Who, after Archimagoes fowle defeat,</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="vi.20"></a><p class="i2">Led her away into a forest wilde,</p> +<a name="vi.21"></a><p class="i2">And turning wrathfull fyre to lustfull heat,</p> +<a name="vi.22"></a><p class="i2">With beastly sin thought her to have defilde,</p> +<a name="vi.23"></a><p class="i2">And made the vassal of his pleasures wilde.</p> +<a name="vi.24"></a><p class="i2">Yet first he cast by treatie, and by traynes,</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="vi.25"></a><p class="i2">Her to persuade that stubborne fort to yilde:</p> +<a name="vi.26"></a><p class="i2">For greater conquest of hard love he gaynes,</p> +<a name="vi.27"></a><p>That workes it to his will, then he that it constraines.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.28"></a><p>With fawning words he courted her awhile,</p> +<a name="vi.29"></a><p class="i2">And looking lovely, and oft sighing sore,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="vi.30"></a><p class="i2">Her constant hart did tempt with diverse guile,</p> +<a name="vi.31"></a><p class="i2">But wordes and lookes, and sighes she did abhore;</p> +<a name="vi.32"></a><p class="i2">As rocke of Diamond steadfast evermore,</p> +<a name="vi.33"></a><p class="i2">Yet for to feed his fyrie lustfull eye,</p> +<a name="vi.34"></a><p class="i2">He snatcht the vele that hong her face before;</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="vi.35"></a><p class="i2">Then gan her beautie shyne, as brightest skye</p> +<a name="vi.36"></a><p>And burnt his beastly hart t'efforce her chastitye.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.37"></a><p>So when he saw his flatt'ring artes to fayle,</p> +<a name="vi.38"></a><p class="i2">And subtile engines bett from batteree;</p> +<a name="vi.39"></a><p class="i2">With greedy force he gan the fort assayle,</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="vi.40"></a><p class="i2">Whereof he weend possessed soone to bee,</p> +<a name="vi.41"></a><p class="i2">And with rich spoile of ransackt chastitee.</p> +<a name="vi.42"></a><p class="i2">Ah heavens! that do this hideous act behold,</p> +<a name="vi.43"></a><p class="i2">And heavenly virgin thus outraged see,</p> +<a name="vi.44"></a><p class="i2">How can ye vengeance just so long withold</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="vi.45"></a><p>And hurle not flashing flames upon that Paynim bold?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.46"></a><p>The pitteous maiden carefull comfortlesse,</p> +<a name="vi.47"></a><p class="i2">Does throw out thrilling shriekes, and shrieking cryes,</p> +<a name="vi.48"></a><p class="i2">The last vaine helpe of womens great distresse,</p> +<a name="vi.49"></a><p class="i2">And with loud plaints importuneth the skyes,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="vi.50"></a><p class="i2">That molten starres do drop like weeping eyes;</p> +<a name="vi.51"></a><p class="i2">And Phœbus flying so most shameful sight,</p> +<a name="vi.52"></a><p class="i2">His blushing face in foggy cloud implyes,</p> +<a name="vi.53"></a><p class="i2">And hides for shame. What wit of mortall wight</p> +<a name="vi.54"></a><p>Can now devise to quit a thrall from such a plight?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="vi.55"></a><p>Eternal providence exceeding thought,</p> +<a name="vi.56"></a><p class="i2">Where none appeares can make herselfe a way:</p> +<a name="vi.57"></a><p class="i2">A wondrous way it for this Lady wrought,</p> +<a name="vi.58"></a><p class="i2">From Lyons clawes to pluck the griped pray.</p> +<a name="vi.59"></a><p class="i2">Her shrill outcryes and shriekes so loud did bray,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="vi.60"></a><p class="i2">That all the woodes and forestes did resownd;</p> +<a name="vi.61"></a><p class="i2">A troupe of Faunes and Satyres<a href="#Nt_vi.61">°</a> far away</p> +<a name="vi.62"></a><p class="i2">Within the wood were dauncing in a rownd,</p> +<a name="vi.63"></a><p>Whiles old Sylvanus<a href="#Nt_vi.63">°</a> slept in shady arber sownd:</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.64"></a><p>Who when they heard that pitteous strained voice,</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="vi.65"></a><p class="i2">In haste forsooke their rurall meriment,</p> +<a name="vi.66"></a><p class="i2">And ran towards the far rebownded noyce,</p> +<a name="vi.67"></a><p class="i2">To weet, what wight so loudly did lament.</p> +<a name="vi.68"></a><p class="i2">Unto the place they come incontinent:</p> +<a name="vi.69"></a><p class="i2">Whom when the raging Sarazin espide,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="vi.70"></a><p class="i2">A rude, mishapen, monstrous rablement,</p> +<a name="vi.71"></a><p class="i2">Whose like he never saw, he durst not bide,</p> +<a name="vi.72"></a><p>But got his ready steed, and fast away gan ride.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.73"></a><p>The wyld woodgods arrived in the place,</p> +<a name="vi.74"></a><p class="i2">There find the virgin dolefull desolate,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="vi.75"></a><p class="i2">With ruffled rayments, and faire blubbred face,</p> +<a name="vi.76"></a><p class="i2">As her outrageous foe had left her late;</p> +<a name="vi.77"></a><p class="i2">And trembling yet through feare of former hate:</p> +<a name="vi.78"></a><p class="i2">All stand amazed at so uncouth sight,</p> +<a name="vi.79"></a><p class="i2">And gin to pittie her unhappie state;</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="vi.80"></a><p class="i2">All stand astonied at her beautie bright,</p> +<a name="vi.81"></a><p>In their rude eyes unworthy of so wofull plight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.82"></a><p>She more amaz'd, in double dread doth dwell;</p> +<a name="vi.83"></a><p class="i2">And every tender part for feare doth shake:</p> +<a name="vi.84"></a><p class="i2">As when a greedie Wolfe, through hunger fell,</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="vi.85"></a><p class="i2">A seely Lambe farre from the flocke does take,</p> +<a name="vi.86"></a><p class="i2">Of whom he meanes his bloudie feast to make,</p> +<a name="vi.87"></a><p class="i2">A Lyon spyes fast running towards him,</p> +<a name="vi.88"></a><p class="i2">The innocent pray in hast he does forsake,</p> +<a name="vi.89"></a><p class="i2">Which quit from death yet quakes in every lim</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="vi.90"></a><p>With chaunge of feare,<a href="#Nt_vi.90">°</a> to see the Lyon looke so grim.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.91"></a><p>Such fearefull fit assaid her trembling hart,</p> +<a name="vi.92"></a><p class="i2">Ne word to speake, ne joynt to move she had:</p> +<a name="vi.93"></a><p class="i2">The salvage nation feele her secret smart,</p> +<a name="vi.94"></a><p class="i2">And read her sorrow in her count'nance sad;</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="vi.95"></a><p class="i2">Their frowning forheads with rough hornes yclad,</p> +<a name="vi.96"></a><p class="i2">And rustick horror<a href="#Nt_vi.96">°</a> all a side doe lay;</p> +<a name="vi.97"></a><p class="i2">And gently grenning, show a semblance glad</p> +<a name="vi.98"></a><p class="i2">To comfort her, and feare to put away,</p> +<a name="vi.99"></a><p>Their backward bent knees<a href="#Nt_vi.99">°</a> teach her humbly to obay.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="vi.100"></a><p>The doubtfull Damzell dare not yet commit</p> +<a name="vi.101"></a><p class="i2">Her single person to their barbarous truth;<a href="#Nt_vi.101">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.102"></a><p class="i2">But still twixt feare and hope amazd does sit,</p> +<a name="vi.103"></a><p class="i2">Late learnd<a href="#Nt_vi.103">°</a> what harme to hasty trust ensu'th:</p> +<a name="vi.104"></a><p class="i2">They in compassion of her tender youth,</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="vi.105"></a><p class="i2">And wonder of her beautie soveraine,</p> +<a name="vi.106"></a><p class="i2">Are wonne with pitty and unwonted ruth,</p> +<a name="vi.107"></a><p class="i2">And all prostrate upon the lowly plaine,</p> +<a name="vi.108"></a><p>Do kisse her feete, and fawne on her with count'nance faine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.109"></a><p>Their harts she ghesseth by their humble guise,</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="vi.110"></a><p class="i2">And yieldes her to extremitie of time;</p> +<a name="vi.111"></a><p class="i2">So from the ground she fearlesse doth arise,</p> +<a name="vi.112"></a><p class="i2">And walketh forth without suspect of crime:<a href="#Nt_vi.112">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.113"></a><p class="i2">They all as glad, as birdes of joyous Prime,</p> +<a name="vi.114"></a><p class="i2">Thence lead her forth, about her dauncing round,</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="vi.115"></a><p class="i2">Shouting, and singing all a shepheards ryme,</p> +<a name="vi.116"></a><p class="i2">And with greene braunches strowing all the ground,</p> +<a name="vi.117"></a><p>Do worship her, as Queene, with olive<a href="#Nt_vi.117">°</a> girlond cround.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.118"></a><p>And all the way their merry pipes they sound,</p> +<a name="vi.119"></a><p class="i2">That all the woods with doubled Eccho ring,</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="vi.120"></a><p class="i2">And with their horned feet<a href="#Nt_vi.120">°</a> do weare the ground,</p> +<a name="vi.121"></a><p class="i2">Leaping like wanton kids in pleasant Spring.</p> +<a name="vi.122"></a><p class="i2">So towards old Sylvanus they her bring;</p> +<a name="vi.123"></a><p class="i2">Who with the noyse awaked commeth out</p> +<a name="vi.124"></a><p class="i2">To weet the cause, his weake steps governing,</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="vi.125"></a><p class="i2">And aged limbs on Cypresse stadle stout;</p> +<a name="vi.126"></a><p>And with an yvie twyne his wast is girt about.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.127"></a><p>Far off he wonders, what them makes so glad,</p> +<a name="vi.128"></a><p class="i2">Or Bacchus merry fruit<a href="#Nt_vi.128">°</a> they did invent,</p> +<a name="vi.129"></a><p class="i2">Or Cybeles franticke rites<a href="#Nt_vi.129">°</a> have made them mad,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="vi.130"></a><p class="i2">They drawing nigh, unto their God present</p> +<a name="vi.131"></a><p class="i2">That flowre of faith and beautie excellent.</p> +<a name="vi.132"></a><p class="i2">The God himselfe, vewing that mirrhour rare,<a href="#Nt_vi.132">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.133"></a><p class="i2">Stood long amazd, and burnt in his intent;</p> +<a name="vi.134"></a><p class="i2">His owne faire Dryope<a href="#Nt_vi.134">°</a> now he thinkes not faire,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="vi.135"></a><p>And Pholoe fowle when her to this he doth compaire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.136"></a><p>The woodborne people fall before her flat,</p> +<a name="vi.137"></a><p class="i2">And worship her as Goddesse of the wood;</p> +<a name="vi.138"></a><p class="i2">And old Sylvanus selfe bethinkes not, what</p> +<a name="vi.139"></a><p class="i2">To thinke of wight so faire, but gazing stood,</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="vi.140"></a><p class="i2">In doubt to deeme her borne of earthly brood;</p> +<a name="vi.141"></a><p class="i2">Sometimes Dame Venus selfe he seemes to see,</p> +<a name="vi.142"></a><p class="i2">But Venus never had so sober mood;</p> +<a name="vi.143"></a><p class="i2">Sometimes Diana he her takes to bee,</p> +<a name="vi.144"></a><p>But misseth bow, and shaftes, and buskins to her knee.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="vi.145"></a><p>By vew of her he ginneth to revive</p> +<a name="vi.146"></a><p class="i2">His ancient love, and dearest Cyparisse,<a href="#Nt_vi.146">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.147"></a><p class="i2">And calles to mind his pourtraiture alive,</p> +<a name="vi.148"></a><p class="i2">How faire he was, and yet not faire to this,<a href="#Nt_vi.148">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.149"></a><p class="i2">And how he slew with glauncing dart amisse</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="vi.150"></a><p class="i2">A gentle Hynd, the which the lovely boy</p> +<a name="vi.151"></a><p class="i2">Did love as life, above all worldly blisse;</p> +<a name="vi.152"></a><p class="i2">For griefe whereof the lad n'ould after joy,<a href="#Nt_vi.152">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.153"></a><p>But pynd away in anguish and selfe-wild annoy.<a href="#Nt_vi.153">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.154"></a><p>The wooddy Nymphes, faire Hamadryades,<a href="#Nt_vi.154">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="vi.155"></a><p class="i2">Her to behold do thither runne apace,</p> +<a name="vi.156"></a><p class="i2">And all the troupe of light-foot Naiades<a href="#Nt_vi.156">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.157"></a><p class="i2">Flocke all about to see her lovely face:</p> +<a name="vi.158"></a><p class="i2">But when they vewed have her heavenly grace,</p> +<a name="vi.159"></a><p class="i2">They envy her in their malitious mind,</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="vi.160"></a><p class="i2">And fly away for feare of fowle disgrace:</p> +<a name="vi.161"></a><p class="i2">But all the Satyres scorne their woody kind,<a href="#Nt_vi.161">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.162"></a><p>And henceforth nothing faire but her on earth they find.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.163"></a><p>Glad of such lucke, the luckelesse<a href="#Nt_vi.163">°</a> lucky maid,</p> +<a name="vi.164"></a><p class="i2">Did her content to please their feeble eyes,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="vi.165"></a><p class="i2">And long time with that salvage people staid,</p> +<a name="vi.166"></a><p class="i2">To gather breath in many miseries.</p> +<a name="vi.167"></a><p class="i2">During which time her gentle wit she plyes,</p> +<a name="vi.168"></a><p class="i2">To teach them truth, which worshipt her in vaine,</p> +<a name="vi.169"></a><p class="i2">And made her th' Image of Idolatryes<a href="#Nt_vi.169">°</a>;</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="vi.170"></a><p class="i2">But when their bootlesse zeale she did restraine</p> +<a name="vi.171"></a><p>From her own worship, they her Asse would worship fayn.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.172"></a><p>It fortuned a noble warlike knight<a href="#Nt_vi.172">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.173"></a><p class="i2">By just occasion<a href="#Nt_vi.173">°</a> to that forrest came,</p> +<a name="vi.174"></a><p class="i2">To seeke his kindred, and the lignage right,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="vi.175"></a><p class="i2">From whence he tooke his well deserved name:</p> +<a name="vi.176"></a><p class="i2">He had in armes abroad wonne muchell fame,</p> +<a name="vi.177"></a><p class="i2">And fild far lands with glorie of his might,</p> +<a name="vi.178"></a><p class="i2">Plaine, faithfull, true, and enimy of shame,</p> +<a name="vi.179"></a><p class="i2">And ever lov'd to fight for Ladies right:</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="vi.180"></a><p>But in vaine glorious frayes he litle did delight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.181"></a><p>A Satyres sonne yborne in forrest wyld,</p> +<a name="vi.182"></a><p class="i2">By straunge adventure as it did betyde,</p> +<a name="vi.183"></a><p class="i2">And there begotten of a Lady myld,</p> +<a name="vi.184"></a><p class="i2">Faire Thyamis<a href="#Nt_vi.184">°</a> the daughter of Labryde,</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="vi.185"></a><p class="i2">That was in sacred bands of wedlocke tyde</p> +<a name="vi.186"></a><p class="i2">To Therion, a loose unruly swayne;</p> +<a name="vi.187"></a><p class="i2">Who had more joy to raunge the forrest wyde,</p> +<a name="vi.188"></a><p class="i2">And chase the salvage beast with busie payne,</p> +<a name="vi.189"></a><p>Then serve his Ladies love, and wast in pleasures vayne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="vi.190"></a><p>The forlorne mayd did with loves longing burne</p> +<a name="vi.191"></a><p class="i2">And could not lacke her lovers company,</p> +<a name="vi.192"></a><p class="i2">But to the wood she goes, to serve her turne,</p> +<a name="vi.193"></a><p class="i2">And seeke her spouse that from her still does fly,</p> +<a name="vi.194"></a><p class="i2">And followes other game and venery:</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="vi.195"></a><p class="i2">A Satyre chaunst her wandring for to finde,</p> +<p class="i2">* * * * *</p> +<a name="vi.196"></a><p>And made her person thrall unto his beastly kind.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.197"></a><p>So long in secret cabin there he held</p> +<p class="i2">* * * * *</p> +<a name="vi.198"></a><p class="i2">Then home he suffred her for to retyre,</p> +<a name="vi.199"></a><p class="i2">For ransome leaving him the late borne childe;</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="vi.200"></a><p class="i2">Whom till to ryper yeares he gan aspire,</p> +<a name="vi.201"></a><p class="i2">He noursled up in life and manners wilde,</p> +<a name="vi.202"></a><p>Emongst wild beasts and woods, from lawes of men exilde.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.203"></a><p>For all he taught the tender ymp, was but<a href="#Nt_vi.xxiv">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.204"></a><p class="i2">To banish cowardize and bastard feare;</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="vi.205"></a><p class="i2">His trembling hand he would him force to put</p> +<a name="vi.206"></a><p class="i2">Upon the Lyon and the rugged Beare;</p> +<a name="vi.207"></a><p class="i2">And from the she Beares teats her whelps to teare;</p> +<a name="vi.208"></a><p class="i2">And eke wyld roaring Buls he would him make</p> +<a name="vi.209"></a><p class="i2">To tame, and ryde their backes not made to beare;</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="vi.210"></a><p class="i2">And the Robuckes in flight to overtake,</p> +<a name="vi.211"></a><p>That every beast for feare of him did fly and quake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.212"></a><p>Thereby so fearlesse, and so fell he grew,</p> +<a name="vi.213"></a><p class="i2">That his owne sire and maister of his guise<a href="#Nt_vi.213">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.214"></a><p class="i2">Did often tremble at his horrid vew,<a href="#Nt_vi.214">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="vi.215"></a><p class="i2">And oft for dread of hurt would him advise,</p> +<a name="vi.216"></a><p class="i2">The angry beasts not rashly to despise,</p> +<a name="vi.217"></a><p class="i2">Nor too much to provoke; for he would learne</p> +<a name="vi.218"></a><p class="i2">The Lyon stoup to him in lowly wise,</p> +<a name="vi.219"></a><p class="i2">(A lesson hard) and make the Libbard sterne</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="vi.220"></a><p>Leave roaring, when in rage he for revenge did earne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.221"></a><p>And for to make his powre approved more,</p> +<a name="vi.222"></a><p class="i2">Wyld beasts in yron yokes he would compell;</p> +<a name="vi.223"></a><p class="i2">The spotted Panther, and the tusked Bore,</p> +<a name="vi.224"></a><p class="i2">The Pardale swift, and the tigre cruell,</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="vi.225"></a><p class="i2">The Antelope, and Wolfe both fierce and fell;</p> +<a name="vi.226"></a><p class="i2">And them constraine in equall teme to draw.</p> +<a name="vi.227"></a><p class="i2">Such joy he had, their stubborne harts to quell,</p> +<a name="vi.228"></a><p class="i2">And sturdie courage tame with dreadfull aw,</p> +<a name="vi.229"></a><p>That his beheast they feared, as a tyrans law.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="vi.230"></a><p>His loving mother came upon a day</p> +<a name="vi.231"></a><p class="i2">Unto the woods, to see her little sonne;</p> +<a name="vi.232"></a><p class="i2">And chaunst unwares to meet him in the way,</p> +<a name="vi.233"></a><p class="i2">After his sportes, and cruell pastime donne;</p> +<a name="vi.234"></a><p class="i2">When after him a Lyonesse did runne,</p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="vi.235"></a><p class="i2">That roaring all with rage, did lowd requere</p> +<a name="vi.236"></a><p class="i2">Her children deare, whom he away had wonne:</p> +<a name="vi.237"></a><p class="i2">The Lyon whelpes she saw how he did beare,</p> +<a name="vi.238"></a><p>And lull in rugged armes, withouten childish feare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.239"></a><p>The fearefull Dame all quaked at the sight,</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="vi.240"></a><p class="i2">And turning backe, gan fast to fly away,</p> +<a name="vi.241"></a><p class="i2">Untill with love revokt from vaine affright,</p> +<a name="vi.242"></a><p class="i2">She hardly yet perswaded was to stay,</p> +<a name="vi.243"></a><p class="i2">And then to him these womanish words gan say;</p> +<a name="vi.244"></a><p class="i2">Ah Satyrane, my dearling, and my joy,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="vi.245"></a><p class="i2">For love of me leave off this dreadfull play;</p> +<a name="vi.246"></a><p class="i2">To dally thus with death is no fit toy,</p> +<a name="vi.247"></a><p>Go find some other play-fellowes, mine own sweet boy.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.248"></a><p>In these and like delights of bloudy game</p> +<a name="vi.249"></a><p class="i2">He trayned was, till ryper yeares he raught;</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="vi.250"></a><p class="i2">And there abode, whilst any beast of name</p> +<a name="vi.251"></a><p class="i2">Walkt in that forest, whom he had not taught</p> +<a name="vi.252"></a><p class="i2">To feare his force: and then his courage haught</p> +<a name="vi.253"></a><p class="i2">Desird of forreine foemen to be knowne,</p> +<a name="vi.254"></a><p class="i2">And far abroad for straunge adventures sought;</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="vi.255"></a><p class="i2">In which his might was never overthrowne;</p> +<a name="vi.256"></a><p>But through all Faery lond his famous worth was blown.<a href="#Nt_vi.256">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.257"></a><p>Yet evermore it was his manner faire,</p> +<a name="vi.258"></a><p class="i2">After long labours and adventures spent,</p> +<a name="vi.259"></a><p class="i2">Unto those native woods for to repaire,</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="vi.260"></a><p class="i2">To see his sire and offspring auncient.</p> +<a name="vi.261"></a><p class="i2">And now he thither came for like intent;</p> +<a name="vi.262"></a><p class="i2">Where he unwares the fairest Una found,</p> +<a name="vi.263"></a><p class="i2">Straunge Lady, in so straunge habiliment,</p> +<a name="vi.264"></a><p class="i2">Teaching the Satyres, which her sat around,</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="vi.265"></a><p>Trew sacred lore, which from her sweet lips did redound.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.266"></a><p>He wondred at her wisedome heavenly rare,</p> +<a name="vi.267"></a><p class="i2">Whose like in womens wit he never knew;</p> +<a name="vi.268"></a><p class="i2">And when her curteous deeds he did compare,</p> +<a name="vi.269"></a><p class="i2">Gan her admire, and her sad sorrowes rew,</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="vi.270"></a><p class="i2">Blaming of Fortune, which such troubles threw,</p> +<a name="vi.271"></a><p class="i2">And joyd to make proofe of her crueltie,</p> +<a name="vi.272"></a><p class="i2">On gentle Dame, so hurtlesse, and so trew:</p> +<a name="vi.273"></a><p class="i2">Thenceforth he kept her goodly company,</p> +<a name="vi.274"></a><p>And learnd her discipline of faith and veritie.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="vi.275"></a><p>But she all vowd unto the Redcrosse knight,</p> +<a name="vi.276"></a><p class="i2">His wandring perill closely did lament,</p> +<a name="vi.277"></a><p class="i2">Ne in this new acquaintaunce could delight,</p> +<a name="vi.278"></a><p class="i2">But her deare heart with anguish did torment,</p> +<a name="vi.279"></a><p class="i2">And all her wit in secret counsels spent,</p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="vi.280"></a><p class="i2">How to escape. At last in privie wise</p> +<a name="vi.281"></a><p class="i2">To Satyrane she shewed her intent;</p> +<a name="vi.282"></a><p class="i2">Who glad to gain such favour, gan devise</p> +<a name="vi.283"></a><p>How with that pensive Maid he best might thence arise.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.284"></a><p>So on a day when Satyres all were gone</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="vi.285"></a><p class="i2">To do their service to Sylvanus old,</p> +<a name="vi.286"></a><p class="i2">The gentle virgin left behind alone</p> +<a name="vi.287"></a><p class="i2">He led away with courage stout and bold.</p> +<a name="vi.288"></a><p class="i2">Too late it was, to Satyres to be told,</p> +<a name="vi.289"></a><p class="i2">Or ever hope recover her againe:</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="vi.290"></a><p class="i2">In vaine he seekes that having cannot hold.</p> +<a name="vi.291"></a><p class="i2">So fast he carried her with carefull paine,</p> +<a name="vi.292"></a><p>That they the woods are past, and come now to the plaine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.293"></a><p>The better part now of the lingring day,</p> +<a name="vi.294"></a><p class="i2">They traveild had, whenas they farre espide</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="vi.295"></a><p class="i2">A weary wight forwandring by the way,</p> +<a name="vi.296"></a><p class="i2">And towards him they gan in haste to ride,</p> +<a name="vi.297"></a><p class="i2">To weete of newes, that did abroad betide,</p> +<a name="vi.298"></a><p class="i2">Or tydings of her knight of the Redcrosse.</p> +<a name="vi.299"></a><p class="i2">But he them spying, gan to turne aside,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="vi.300"></a><p class="i2">For feare as seemd, or for some feigned losse;</p> +<a name="vi.301"></a><p>More greedy they of newes, fast towards him do crosse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.302"></a><p>A silly man, in simple weedes forworne,</p> +<a name="vi.303"></a><p class="i2">And soild with dust of the long dried way;</p> +<a name="vi.304"></a><p class="i2">His sandales were with toilsome travell torne,</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="vi.305"></a><p class="i2">And face all tand with scorching sunny ray,</p> +<a name="vi.306"></a><p class="i2">As he had traveild many a sommers day,</p> +<a name="vi.307"></a><p class="i2">Through boyling sands of Arabie and Ynde;</p> +<a name="vi.308"></a><p class="i2">And in his hand a Jacobs staffe,<a href="#Nt_vi.308">°</a> to stay</p> +<a name="vi.309"></a><p class="i2">His wearie limbes upon: and eke behind,</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="vi.310"></a><p>His scrip did hang, in which his needments he did bind.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.311"></a><p>The knight approaching nigh, of him inquerd</p> +<a name="vi.312"></a><p class="i2">Tidings of warre, and of adventures new;</p> +<a name="vi.313"></a><p class="i2">But warres, nor new adventures none he herd.</p> +<a name="vi.314"></a><p class="i2">Then Una gan to aske, if ought he knew,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="vi.315"></a><p class="i2">Or heard abroad of that her champion trew,</p> +<a name="vi.316"></a><p class="i2">That in his armour bare a croslet red.</p> +<a name="vi.317"></a><p class="i2">Aye me, Deare dame (quoth he) well may I rew</p> +<a name="vi.318"></a><p class="i2">To tell the sad sight which mine eies have red.</p> +<a name="vi.319"></a><p>These eies did see that knight both living and eke ded.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="vi.320"></a><p>That cruell word her tender hart so thrild,</p> +<a name="vi.321"></a><p class="i2">That suddein cold did runne through every vaine,</p> +<a name="vi.322"></a><p class="i2">And stony horrour all her sences fild</p> +<a name="vi.323"></a><p class="i2">With dying fit, that downe she fell for paine.</p> +<a name="vi.324"></a><p class="i2">The knight her lightly reared up againe,</p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="vi.325"></a><p class="i2">And comforted with curteous kind reliefe:</p> +<a name="vi.326"></a><p class="i2">Then, wonne from death, she bad him tellen plaine</p> +<a name="vi.327"></a><p class="i2">The further processe of her hidden griefe:</p> +<a name="vi.328"></a><p>The lesser pangs can beare, who hath endur'd the chiefe.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.329"></a><p>Then gan the Pilgrim thus, I chaunst this day,</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="vi.330"></a><p class="i2">This fatall day, that shall I ever rew,</p> +<a name="vi.331"></a><p class="i2">To see two knights in travell on my way</p> +<a name="vi.332"></a><p class="i2">(A sory sight) arraung'd in battell new,</p> +<a name="vi.333"></a><p class="i2">Both breathing vengeaunce, both of wrathfull hew:</p> +<a name="vi.334"></a><p class="i2">My fearefull flesh did tremble at their strife,</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="vi.335"></a><p class="i2">To see their blades so greedily imbrew,</p> +<a name="vi.336"></a><p class="i2">That drunke with bloud, yet thristed after life:</p> +<a name="vi.337"></a><p>What more? the Redcrosse knight was slaine with Paynim knife.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.338"></a><p>Ah dearest Lord (quoth she) how might that bee,</p> +<a name="vi.339"></a><p class="i2">And he the stoughtest knight, that ever wonne?</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="vi.340"></a><p class="i2">Ah dearest dame (quoth he) how might I see</p> +<a name="vi.341"></a><p class="i2">The thing, that might not be, and yet was donne?</p> +<a name="vi.342"></a><p class="i2">Where is (said Satyrane) that Paynims sonne,</p> +<a name="vi.343"></a><p class="i2">That him of life, and us of joy hath reft?</p> +<a name="vi.344"></a><p class="i2">Not far away (quoth he) he hence doth wonne</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="vi.345"></a><p class="i2">Foreby a fountaine, where I late him left</p> +<a name="vi.346"></a><p>Washing his bloudy wounds, that through the steele were cleft.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.347"></a><p>Therewith the knight thence marched forth in hast,</p> +<a name="vi.348"></a><p class="i2">Whiles Una with huge heavinesse opprest,</p> +<a name="vi.349"></a><p class="i2">Could not for sorrow follow him so fast;</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="vi.350"></a><p class="i2">And soone he came, as he the place had ghest,</p> +<a name="vi.351"></a><p class="i2">Whereas that Pagan proud him selfe did rest,</p> +<a name="vi.352"></a><p class="i2">In secret shadow by a fountaine side:</p> +<a name="vi.353"></a><p class="i2">Even he it was, that earst would have supprest</p> +<a name="vi.354"></a><p class="i2">Faire Una: whom when Satyrane espide,</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="vi.355"></a><p>With fowle reprochfull words he boldly him defide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.356"></a><p>And said, Arise thou cursed Miscreaunt,</p> +<a name="vi.357"></a><p class="i2">That hast with knightlesse guile and trecherous train</p> +<a name="vi.358"></a><p class="i2">Faire knighthood fowly shamed, and doest vaunt</p> +<a name="vi.359"></a><p class="i2">That good knight of the Redcrosse to have slain:</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="vi.360"></a><p class="i2">Arise, and with like treason now maintain</p> +<a name="vi.361"></a><p class="i2">Thy guilty wrong, or els thee guilty yield.</p> +<a name="vi.362"></a><p class="i2">The Sarazin this hearing, rose amain,</p> +<a name="vi.363"></a><p class="i2">And catching up in hast his three-square shield,</p> +<a name="vi.364"></a><p>And shining helmet, soone him buckled to the field.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="vi.365"></a><p>And drawing nigh him said, Ah misborne Elfe,</p> +<a name="vi.366"></a><p class="i2">In evill houre thy foes thee hither sent,</p> +<a name="vi.367"></a><p class="i2">Anothers wrongs to wreake upon thy selfe:</p> +<a name="vi.368"></a><p class="i2">Yet ill thou blamest me, for having blent</p> +<a name="vi.369"></a><p class="i2">My name with guile and traiterous intent:</p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="vi.370"></a><p class="i2">That Redcrosse knight, perdie, I never slew,</p> +<a name="vi.371"></a><p class="i2">But had he beene, where earst his arms were lent,<a href="#Nt_vi.371">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.372"></a><p class="i2">Th' enchaunter vaine<a href="#Nt_vi.372">°</a> his errour should not rew:</p> +<a name="vi.373"></a><p>But thou his errour shalt,<a href="#Nt_vi.373">°</a> I hope, now proven trew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.374"></a><p>Therewith they gan, both furious and fell,</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="vi.375"></a><p class="i2">To thunder blowes, and fiersly to assaile</p> +<a name="vi.376"></a><p class="i2">Each other bent his enimy to quell,</p> +<a name="vi.377"></a><p class="i2">That with their force they perst both plate and maile,</p> +<a name="vi.378"></a><p class="i2">And made wide furrowes in their fleshes fraile,</p> +<a name="vi.379"></a><p class="i2">That it would pitty any living eie.</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="vi.380"></a><p class="i2">Large floods of bloud adowne their sides did raile;</p> +<a name="vi.381"></a><p class="i2">But floods of bloud could not them satisfie:</p> +<a name="vi.382"></a><p>Both hungred after death: both chose to win, or die.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.383"></a><p>So long they fight, and fell revenge pursue,</p> +<a name="vi.384"></a><p class="i2">That fainting each, themselves to breathen let,</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="vi.385"></a><p class="i2">And oft refreshed, battell oft renue:</p> +<a name="vi.386"></a><p class="i2">As when two Bores with rancling malice met,<a href="#Nt_vi.386">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.387"></a><p class="i2">Their gory sides fresh bleeding fiercely fret,</p> +<a name="vi.388"></a><p class="i2">Til breathlesse both them selves aside retire,</p> +<a name="vi.389"></a><p class="i2">Where foming wrath, their cruell tuskes they whet,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="vi.390"></a><p class="i2">And trample th' earth, the whiles they may respire;</p> +<a name="vi.391"></a><p>Then backe to fight againe, new breathed and entire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.392"></a><p>So fiersly, when these knights had breathed once,</p> +<a name="vi.393"></a><p class="i2">They gan to fight returne, increasing more</p> +<a name="vi.394"></a><p class="i2">Their puissant force, and cruell rage attonce.</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="vi.395"></a><p class="i2">With heaped strokes more hugely then before,</p> +<a name="vi.396"></a><p class="i2">That with their drerie wounds and bloudy gore</p> +<a name="vi.397"></a><p class="i2">They both deformed, scarsely could be known.</p> +<a name="vi.398"></a><p class="i2">By this, sad Una fraught with anguish sore,</p> +<a name="vi.399"></a><p class="i2">Led with their noise, which through the aire was thrown:</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="vi.400"></a><p>Arriv'd, wher they in erth their fruitles bloud had sown.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.401"></a><p>Whom all so soone as that proud Sarazin</p> +<a name="vi.402"></a><p class="i2">Espide, he gan revive the memory</p> +<a name="vi.403"></a><p class="i2">Of his lewd lusts, and late attempted sin,</p> +<a name="vi.404"></a><p class="i2">And left the doubtfull battell hastily,</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="vi.405"></a><p class="i2">To catch her, newly offred to his eie:</p> +<a name="vi.406"></a><p class="i2">But Satyrane with strokes him turning, staid,</p> +<a name="vi.407"></a><p class="i2">And sternely bad him other businesse plie,</p> +<a name="vi.408"></a><p class="i2">Then hunt the steps of pure unspotted Maid:</p> +<a name="vi.409"></a><p>Wherewith he all enrag'd, these bitter speaches said.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="vi.410"></a><p>O foolish faeries son, what fury mad</p> +<a name="vi.411"></a><p class="i2">Hath thee incenst, to hast thy doefull fate?</p> +<a name="vi.412"></a><p class="i2">Were it not better I that Lady had,</p> +<a name="vi.413"></a><p class="i2">Then that thou hadst repented it too late?</p> +<a name="vi.414"></a><p class="i2">Most senseless man he, that himselfe doth hate</p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="vi.415"></a><p class="i2">To love another. Lo then for thine ayd</p> +<a name="vi.416"></a><p class="i2">Here take thy lovers token on thy pate.<a href="#Nt_vi.416">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.417"></a><p class="i2">So they two fight; the whiles the royall Mayd</p> +<a name="vi.418"></a><p>Fledd farre away, of that proud Paynim sore afrayd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vi.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vi.419"></a><p>But that false Pilgrim, which that leasing told,</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="vi.420"></a><p class="i2">Being in deed old Archimage, did stay</p> +<a name="vi.421"></a><p class="i2">In secret shadow, all this to behold,</p> +<a name="vi.422"></a><p class="i2">And much rejoiced in their bloudy fray:</p> +<a name="vi.423"></a><p class="i2">But when he saw the Damsell passe away,</p> +<a name="vi.424"></a><p class="i2">He left his stond, and her pursewd apace,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="vi.425"></a><p class="i2">In hope to bring her to her last decay,<a href="#Nt_vi.425">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.426"></a><p class="i2">But for to tell her lamentable cace,<a href="#Nt_vi.426">°</a></p> +<a name="vi.427"></a><p>And eke this battels end, will need another place.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_VII"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO VII</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">The Redcrosse knight is captive made</p> +<p class="z10">by Gyaunt proud opprest,</p> +<p class="z8">Prince Arthur meets with Una great-</p> +<p class="z10">ly with those newes distrest.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.1"></a><p>WHAT man so wise, what earthly wit so ware,</p> +<a name="vii.2"></a><p class="i2">As to discry the crafty cunning traine,</p> +<a name="vii.3"></a><p class="i2">By which deceipt doth maske in visour faire,</p> +<a name="vii.4"></a><p class="i2">And cast her colours dyed deepe in graine,</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="vii.5"></a><p class="i2">To seeme like Truth, whose shape she well can faine,</p> +<a name="vii.6"></a><p class="i2">And fitting gestures to her purpose frame;</p> +<a name="vii.7"></a><p class="i2">The guiltlesse man with guile to entertaine?</p> +<a name="vii.8"></a><p class="i2">Great maistresse of her art was that false Dame,</p> +<a name="vii.9"></a><p>The false Duessa, cloked with Fidessaes name.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="vii.10"></a><p>Who when returning from the drery Night,</p> +<a name="vii.11"></a><p class="i2">She fownd not in that perilous house of Pryde,</p> +<a name="vii.12"></a><p class="i2">Where she had left, the noble Redcrosse knight,</p> +<a name="vii.13"></a><p class="i2">Her hoped pray; she would no lenger bide,</p> +<a name="vii.14"></a><p class="i2">But forth she went, to seeke him far and wide.</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="vii.15"></a><p class="i2">Ere long she fownd, whereas he wearie sate</p> +<a name="vii.16"></a><p class="i2">To rest him selfe, foreby a fountaine side,</p> +<a name="vii.17"></a><p class="i2">Disarmed all of yron-coted Plate,</p> +<a name="vii.18"></a><p>And by his side his steed the grassy forage ate.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.19"></a><p>He feedes upon<a href="#Nt_vii.19">°</a> the cooling shade, and bayes</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="vii.20"></a><p class="i2">His sweatie forehead in the breathing wind,</p> +<a name="vii.21"></a><p class="i2">Which through the trembling leaves full gently playes,</p> +<a name="vii.22"></a><p class="i2">Wherein the cherefull birds of sundry kind</p> +<a name="vii.23"></a><p class="i2">Do chaunt sweet musick, to delight his mind:</p> +<a name="vii.24"></a><p class="i2">The Witch approaching gan him fairely greet,</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="vii.25"></a><p class="i2">And with reproch of carelesnesse unkind</p> +<a name="vii.26"></a><p class="i2">Upbrayd, for leaving her in place unmeet,</p> +<a name="vii.27"></a><p>With fowle words tempring faire, soure gall with hony sweet.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.28"></a><p>Unkindnesse past, they gan of solace treat,</p> +<a name="vii.29"></a><p class="i2">And bathe in pleasaunce of the joyous shade,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="vii.30"></a><p class="i2">Which shielded them against the boyling heat,</p> +<a name="vii.31"></a><p class="i2">And with greene boughes decking a gloomy glade,</p> +<a name="vii.32"></a><p class="i2">About the fountaine like a girlond made;</p> +<a name="vii.33"></a><p class="i2">Whose bubbling wave did ever freshly well,</p> +<a name="vii.34"></a><p class="i2">Ne ever would through fervent sommer fade:</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="vii.35"></a><p class="i2">The sacred Nymph, which therein wont to dwell,</p> +<a name="vii.36"></a><p>Was out of Dianes favour, as it then befell.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.37"></a><p>The cause was this: One day, when Phœbe<a href="#Nt_vii.37">°</a> fayre</p> +<a name="vii.38"></a><p class="i2">With all her band was following the chace,</p> +<a name="vii.39"></a><p class="i2">This Nymph, quite tyr'd with heat of scorching ayre,</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="vii.40"></a><p class="i2">Sat downe to rest in middest of the race:</p> +<a name="vii.41"></a><p class="i2">The goddesse wroth gan fowly her disgrace,</p> +<a name="vii.42"></a><p class="i2">And bad the waters, which from her did flow,</p> +<a name="vii.43"></a><p class="i2">Be such as she her selfe was then in place.</p> +<a name="vii.44"></a><p class="i2">Thenceforth her waters waxed dull and slow,</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="vii.45"></a><p>And all that drinke thereof do faint and feeble grow.<a href="#Nt_vii.45">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.46"></a><p>Hereof this gentle knight unweeting was,</p> +<a name="vii.47"></a><p class="i2">And lying downe upon the sandie graile,</p> +<a name="vii.48"></a><p class="i2">Drunke of the streame, as cleare as cristall glas:</p> +<a name="vii.49"></a><p class="i2">Eftsoones his manly forces gan to faile,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="vii.50"></a><p class="i2">And mightie strong was turned to feeble fraile.</p> +<a name="vii.51"></a><p class="i2">His chaunged powres at first them selves not felt,</p> +<a name="vii.52"></a><p class="i2">Till crudled cold his corage gan assaile,</p> +<a name="vii.53"></a><p class="i2">And cheareful bloud in faintnesse chill did melt,</p> +<a name="vii.54"></a><p>Which like a fever fit through all his body swelt.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="vii.55"></a><p>Yet goodly court he made still to his Dame,</p> +<a name="vii.56"></a><p class="i2">Pourd<a href="#Nt_vii.56">°</a> out in loosnesse on the grassy grownd,</p> +<a name="vii.57"></a><p class="i2">Both carelesse of his health, and of his fame:</p> +<a name="vii.58"></a><p class="i2">Till at the last he heard a dreadfull sownd,</p> +<a name="vii.59"></a><p class="i2">Which through the wood loud bellowing did rebownd,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="vii.60"></a><p class="i2">That all the earth for terrour seemd to shake,</p> +<a name="vii.61"></a><p class="i2">And trees did tremble. Th' Elfe therewith astownd,</p> +<a name="vii.62"></a><p class="i2">Upstarted lightly from his looser make,<a href="#Nt_vii.62">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.63"></a><p>And his unready weapons gan in hand to take.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.64"></a><p>But ere he could his armour on him dight,</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="vii.65"></a><p class="i2">Or get his shield, his monstrous enimy</p> +<a name="vii.66"></a><p class="i2">With sturdie steps came stalking in his sight,</p> +<a name="vii.67"></a><p class="i2">An hideous Geant,<a href="#Nt_vii.67">°</a> horrible and hye,</p> +<a name="vii.68"></a><p class="i2">That with his tallnesse seemd to threat the skye,</p> +<a name="vii.69"></a><p class="i2">The ground eke groned under him for dreed;</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="vii.70"></a><p class="i2">His living like saw never living eye,</p> +<a name="vii.71"></a><p class="i2">Ne durst behold: his stature did exceed</p> +<a name="vii.72"></a><p>The hight of three the tallest sonnes of mortall seed.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.73"></a><p>The greatest Earth his uncouth mother was,</p> +<a name="vii.74"></a><p class="i2">And blustering Ęolus his boasted syre,</p> +<p class="i2">* * * * *</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="vii.75"></a><p class="i2">Brought forth this monstrous masse of earthly slime</p> +<a name="vii.76"></a><p>Puft up with emptie wind, and fild with sinfull crime.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.77"></a><p>So growen great through arrogant delight</p> +<a name="vii.78"></a><p class="i2">Of th' high descent, whereof he was yborne,</p> +<a name="vii.79"></a><p class="i2">And through presumption of his matchlesse might,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="vii.80"></a><p class="i2">All other powres and knighthood he did scorne.</p> +<a name="vii.81"></a><p class="i2">Such now he marcheth to this man forlorne,</p> +<a name="vii.82"></a><p class="i2">And left to losse: his stalking steps are stayde</p> +<a name="vii.83"></a><p class="i2">Upon a snaggy Oke, which he had torne</p> +<a name="vii.84"></a><p class="i2">Out of his mothers bowelles, and it made</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="vii.85"></a><p>His mortall mace, wherewith his foeman he dismayde.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.86"></a><p>That when the knight he spide, he gan advance</p> +<a name="vii.87"></a><p class="i2">With huge force and insupportable mayne,</p> +<a name="vii.88"></a><p class="i2">And towardes him with dreadfull fury praunce;</p> +<a name="vii.89"></a><p class="i2">Who haplesse, and eke hopelesse, all in vaine</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="vii.90"></a><p class="i2">Did to him pace, sad battaile to darrayne,</p> +<a name="vii.91"></a><p class="i2">Disarmd, disgrast, and inwardly dismayde,</p> +<a name="vii.92"></a><p class="i2">And eke so faint in every joynt and vaine,</p> +<a name="vii.93"></a><p class="i2">Through that fraile fountaine, which him feeble made,</p> +<a name="vii.94"></a><p>That scarsely could he weeld his bootlesse single blade.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="vii.95"></a><p>The Geaunt strooke so maynly mercilesse,</p> +<a name="vii.96"></a><p class="i2">That could have overthrowne a stony towre,</p> +<a name="vii.97"></a><p class="i2">And were not heavenly grace, that did him blesse,</p> +<a name="vii.98"></a><p class="i2">He had beene pouldred all, as thin as flowre:</p> +<a name="vii.99"></a><p class="i2">But he was wary of that deadly stowre,</p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="vii.100"></a><p class="i2">And lightly lept from underneath the blow:</p> +<a name="vii.101"></a><p class="i2">Yet so exceeding was the villeins powre,</p> +<a name="vii.102"></a><p class="i2">That with the wind it did him overthrow,</p> +<a name="vii.103"></a><p>And all his sences stound, that still he lay full low.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.104"></a><p>As when that divelish yron Engin<a href="#Nt_vii.104">°</a> wrought</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="vii.105"></a><p class="i2">In deepest Hell, and framd by Furies skill,</p> +<a name="vii.106"></a><p class="i2">With windy Nitre and quick Sulphur fraught,</p> +<a name="vii.107"></a><p class="i2">And ramd with bullet round, ordaind to kill,</p> +<a name="vii.108"></a><p class="i2">Conceiveth fire, the heavens it doth fill</p> +<a name="vii.109"></a><p class="i2">With thundring noyse, and all the ayre doth choke,</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="vii.110"></a><p class="i2">That none can breath, nor see, nor heare at will,</p> +<a name="vii.111"></a><p class="i2">Through smouldry cloud of duskish stincking smoke,</p> +<a name="vii.112"></a><p>That th' onely breath<a href="#Nt_vii.112">°</a> him daunts, who hath escapt the stroke.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.113"></a><p>So daunted when the Geaunt saw the knight,</p> +<a name="vii.114"></a><p class="i2">His heavie hand he heaved up on hye,</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="vii.115"></a><p class="i2">And him to dust thought to have battred quight,</p> +<a name="vii.116"></a><p class="i2">Untill Duessa loud to him gan crye;</p> +<a name="vii.117"></a><p class="i2">O great Orgoglio, greatest under skye,</p> +<a name="vii.118"></a><p class="i2">O hold thy mortall hand for Ladies sake,</p> +<a name="vii.119"></a><p class="i2">Hold for my sake, and do him not to dye,<a href="#Nt_vii.119">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="vii.120"></a><p class="i2">But vanquisht thine eternall bondslave make,</p> +<a name="vii.121"></a><p>And me, thy worthy meed, unto thy Leman take.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.122"></a><p>He hearkned, and did stay from further harmes,</p> +<a name="vii.123"></a><p class="i2">To gayne so goodly guerdon, as she spake:</p> +<a name="vii.124"></a><p class="i2">So willingly she came into his armes,</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="vii.125"></a><p class="i2">Who her as willingly to grace did take,</p> +<a name="vii.126"></a><p class="i2">And was possessed of his new found make.</p> +<a name="vii.127"></a><p class="i2">Then up he tooke the slombred sencelesse corse,</p> +<a name="vii.128"></a><p class="i2">And ere he could out of his swowne awake,</p> +<a name="vii.129"></a><p class="i2">Him to his castle brought with hastie forse,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="vii.130"></a><p>And in a Dongeon deepe him threw without remorse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.131"></a><p>From that day forth Duessa was his deare,</p> +<a name="vii.132"></a><p class="i2">And highly honourd in his haughtie eye,</p> +<a name="vii.133"></a><p class="i2">He gave her gold and purple pall to weare,</p> +<a name="vii.134"></a><p class="i2">And triple crowne set on her head full hye,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="vii.135"></a><p class="i2">And her endowd with royall majestye:</p> +<a name="vii.136"></a><p class="i2">Then for to make her dreaded more of men,</p> +<a name="vii.137"></a><p class="i2">And peoples harts with awfull terrour tye,</p> +<a name="vii.138"></a><p class="i2">A monstrous beast<a href="#Nt_vii.138">°</a> ybred in filthy fen</p> +<a name="vii.139"></a><p>He chose, which he had kept long time in darksome den.<a href="#Nt_vii.139">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="vii.140"></a><p>Such one it was, as that renowmed Snake<a href="#Nt_vii.140">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.141"></a><p class="i2">Which great Alcides in Stremona slew,</p> +<a name="vii.142"></a><p class="i2">Long fostred in the filth of Lerna lake,</p> +<a name="vii.143"></a><p class="i2">Whose many heads out budding ever new</p> +<a name="vii.144"></a><p class="i2">Did breed him endlesse labour to subdew:</p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="vii.145"></a><p class="i2">But this same Monster much more ugly was;</p> +<a name="vii.146"></a><p class="i2">For seven great heads out of his body grew,</p> +<a name="vii.147"></a><p class="i2">An yron brest, and back of scaly bras,<a href="#Nt_vii.147">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.148"></a><p>And all embrewd in bloud, his eyes did shine as glas.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.149"></a><p>His tayle was stretched out in wondrous length,</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="vii.150"></a><p class="i2">That to the house of heavenly gods it raught,<a href="#Nt_vii.150">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.151"></a><p class="i2">And with extorted powre, and borrow'd strength,</p> +<a name="vii.152"></a><p class="i2">The ever-burning lamps from thence it braught,</p> +<a name="vii.153"></a><p class="i2">And prowdly threw to ground, as things of naught;</p> +<a name="vii.154"></a><p class="i2">And underneath his filthy feet did tread</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="vii.155"></a><p class="i2">The sacred things, and holy heasts foretaught.<a href="#Nt_vii.155">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.156"></a><p class="i2">Upon this dreadfull Beast with sevenfold head</p> +<a name="vii.157"></a><p>He sett the false Duessa, for more aw and dread.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.158"></a><p>The wofull Dwarfe, which saw his maisters fall,</p> +<a name="vii.159"></a><p class="i2">Whiles he had keeping of his grasing steed,</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="vii.160"></a><p class="i2">And valiant knight become a caytive thrall,</p> +<a name="vii.161"></a><p class="i2">When all was past, tooke up his forlorne weed,<a href="#Nt_vii.161">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.162"></a><p class="i2">His mightie armour, missing most at need;</p> +<a name="vii.163"></a><p class="i2">His silver shield, now idle maisterlesse;</p> +<a name="vii.164"></a><p class="i2">His poynant speare, that many made to bleed,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="vii.165"></a><p class="i2">The rueful moniments<a href="#Nt_vii.165">°</a> of heavinesse,</p> +<a name="vii.166"></a><p>And with them all departes, to tell his great distresse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.167"></a><p>He had not travaild long, when on the way</p> +<a name="vii.168"></a><p class="i2">He wofull Ladie, wofull Una met,</p> +<a name="vii.169"></a><p class="i2">Fast flying from that Paynims greedy pray,</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="vii.170"></a><p class="i2">Whilest Satyrane him from pursuit did let:</p> +<a name="vii.171"></a><p class="i2">Who when her eyes she on the Dwarfe had set,</p> +<a name="vii.172"></a><p class="i2">And saw the signes, that deadly tydings spake,</p> +<a name="vii.173"></a><p class="i2">She fell to ground for sorrowfull regret,</p> +<a name="vii.174"></a><p class="i2">And lively breath her sad brest did forsake,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="vii.175"></a><p>Yet might her pitteous hart be seene to pant and quake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.176"></a><p>The messenger of so unhappie newes,</p> +<a name="vii.177"></a><p class="i2">Would faine have dyde: dead was his hart within,</p> +<a name="vii.178"></a><p class="i2">Yet outwardly some little comfort shewes:</p> +<a name="vii.179"></a><p class="i2">At last recovering hart, he does begin</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="vii.180"></a><p class="i2">To rub her temples, and to chaufe her chin,</p> +<a name="vii.181"></a><p class="i2">And everie tender part does tosse and turne.</p> +<a name="vii.182"></a><p class="i2">So hardly<a href="#Nt_vii.182">°</a> he the flitted life does win,</p> +<a name="vii.183"></a><p class="i2">Unto her native prison to retourne:</p> +<a name="vii.184"></a><p>Then gins her grieved ghost thus to lament and mourne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="vii.185"></a><p>Ye dreary instruments of dolefull sight,</p> +<a name="vii.186"></a><p class="i2">That doe this deadly spectacle behold,</p> +<a name="vii.187"></a><p class="i2">Why do ye lenger feed on loathed light,</p> +<a name="vii.188"></a><p class="i2">Or liking find to gaze on earthly mould,</p> +<a name="vii.189"></a><p class="i2">Sith cruell fates the carefull threeds unfould,</p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="vii.190"></a><p class="i2">The which my life and love together tyde?</p> +<a name="vii.191"></a><p class="i2">Now let the stony dart of senselesse cold</p> +<a name="vii.192"></a><p class="i2">Perce to my hart, and pas through every side,</p> +<a name="vii.193"></a><p>And let eternall night so sad sight fro me hide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.194"></a><p>O lightsome day, the lampe of highest Jove,</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="vii.195"></a><p class="i2">First made by him, mens wandring wayes to guyde,</p> +<a name="vii.196"></a><p class="i2">When darkenesse he in deepest dongeon drove,</p> +<a name="vii.197"></a><p class="i2">Henceforth thy hated face for ever hyde,</p> +<a name="vii.198"></a><p class="i2">And shut up heavens windowes shyning wyde:</p> +<a name="vii.199"></a><p class="i2">For earthly sight can nought but sorrow breed,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="vii.200"></a><p class="i2">And late repentance, which shall long abyde.</p> +<a name="vii.201"></a><p class="i2">Mine eyes no more on vanitie shall feed,</p> +<a name="vii.202"></a><p>But seeled up with death,<a href="#Nt_vii.202">°</a> shall have their deadly meed.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.203"></a><p>Then downe againe she fell unto the ground;</p> +<a name="vii.204"></a><p class="i2">But he her quickly reared up againe:</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="vii.205"></a><p class="i2">Thrise did she sinke adowne in deadly swownd</p> +<a name="vii.206"></a><p class="i2">And thrise he her reviv'd with busie paine,</p> +<a name="vii.207"></a><p class="i2">At last when life recover'd had the raine,</p> +<a name="vii.208"></a><p class="i2">And over-wrestled his strong enemie,</p> +<a name="vii.209"></a><p class="i2">With foltring tong, and trembling every vaine,</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="vii.210"></a><p class="i2">Tell on (quoth she) the wofull Tragedie,</p> +<a name="vii.211"></a><p>The which these reliques sad present unto mine eie.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.212"></a><p>Tempestuous fortune hath spent all her spight,</p> +<a name="vii.213"></a><p class="i2">And thrilling sorrow throwne his utmost dart;</p> +<a name="vii.214"></a><p class="i2">Thy sad tongue cannot tell more heavy plight,</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="vii.215"></a><p class="i2">Then that I feele, and harbour in mine hart:</p> +<a name="vii.216"></a><p class="i2">Who hath endur'd the whole, can beare each part.</p> +<a name="vii.217"></a><p class="i2">If death it be, it is not the first wound,</p> +<a name="vii.218"></a><p class="i2">That launched hath my brest with bleeding smart.</p> +<a name="vii.219"></a><p class="i2">Begin, and end the bitter balefull stound;<a href="#Nt_vii.219">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="vii.220"></a><p>If lesse then that I feare,<a href="#Nt_vii.220">°</a> more favour I have found.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.221"></a><p>Then gan the Dwarfe the whole discourse declare,</p> +<a name="vii.222"></a><p class="i2">The subtill traines of Archimago old;</p> +<a name="vii.223"></a><p class="i2">The wanton loves of false Fidessa faire,</p> +<a name="vii.224"></a><p class="i2">Bought with the blood of vanquisht Paynim bold;</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="vii.225"></a><p class="i2">The wretched payre transformed to treen mould;</p> +<a name="vii.226"></a><p class="i2">The house of Pride, and perils round about;</p> +<a name="vii.227"></a><p class="i2">The combat, which he with Sansjoy did hould;</p> +<a name="vii.228"></a><p class="i2">The lucklesse conflict with the Gyant stout,</p> +<a name="vii.229"></a><p>Wherein captiv'd, of life or death he stood in doubt.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="vii.230"></a><p>She heard with patience all unto the end,</p> +<a name="vii.231"></a><p class="i2">And strove to maister sorrowfull assay,<a href="#Nt_vii.231">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.232"></a><p class="i2">Which greater grew, the more she did contend,</p> +<a name="vii.233"></a><p class="i2">And almost rent her tender hart in tway;</p> +<a name="vii.234"></a><p class="i2">And love fresh coles unto her fire did lay:</p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="vii.235"></a><p class="i2">For greater love, the greater is the losse.</p> +<a name="vii.236"></a><p class="i2">Was never Lady<a href="#Nt_vii.236">°</a> loved dearer day,</p> +<a name="vii.237"></a><p class="i2">Then she did love the knight of the Redcrosse;</p> +<a name="vii.238"></a><p>For whose deare sake so many troubles her did tosse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.239"></a><p>At last when fervent sorrow slaked was,</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="vii.240"></a><p class="i2">She up arose, resolving him to find</p> +<a name="vii.241"></a><p class="i2">Alive or dead: and forward forth doth pas,</p> +<a name="vii.242"></a><p class="i2">All as the Dwarfe the way to her assynd:</p> +<a name="vii.243"></a><p class="i2">And evermore, in constant carefull mind,</p> +<a name="vii.244"></a><p class="i2">She fed her wound with fresh renewed bale;</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="vii.245"></a><p class="i2">Long tost with stormes, and bet with bitter wind,</p> +<a name="vii.246"></a><p class="i2">High over hills, and low adowne the dale,</p> +<a name="vii.247"></a><p>She wandred many a wood, and measurd many a vale.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.248"></a><p>At last she chaunced by good hap to meet</p> +<a name="vii.249"></a><p class="i2">A goodly knight,<a href="#Nt_vii.249">°</a> faire marching by the way</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="vii.250"></a><p class="i2">Together with his Squire, arrayed meet:</p> +<a name="vii.251"></a><p class="i2">His glitterand armour shined farre away,</p> +<a name="vii.252"></a><p class="i2">Like glauncing light of Phœbus brightest ray;</p> +<a name="vii.253"></a><p class="i2">From top to toe no place appeared bare,</p> +<a name="vii.254"></a><p class="i2">That deadly dint of steele endanger may:</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="vii.255"></a><p class="i2">Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware,</p> +<a name="vii.256"></a><p>That shynd, like twinkling stars, with stons most pretious rare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.257"></a><p>And in the midst thereof one pretious stone</p> +<a name="vii.258"></a><p class="i2">Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous mights,</p> +<a name="vii.259"></a><p class="i2">Shapt like a Ladies head,<a href="#Nt_vii.259">°</a> exceeding shone,</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="vii.260"></a><p class="i2">Like Hesperus<a href="#Nt_vii.260">°</a> emongst the lesser lights,</p> +<a name="vii.261"></a><p class="i2">And strove for to amaze the weaker sights:</p> +<a name="vii.262"></a><p class="i2">Thereby his mortall blade full comely hong</p> +<a name="vii.263"></a><p class="i2">In yvory sheath, ycarv'd with curious slights;</p> +<a name="vii.264"></a><p class="i2">Whose hilts were burnisht gold, and handle strong</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="vii.265"></a><p>Of mother pearle, and buckled with a golden tong.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.266"></a><p>His haughtie helmet, horrid all with gold,</p> +<a name="vii.267"></a><p class="i2">Both glorious brightnesse, and great terrour bred;</p> +<a name="vii.268"></a><p class="i2">For all the crest a Dragon<a href="#Nt_vii.268">°</a> did enfold</p> +<a name="vii.269"></a><p class="i2">With greedie pawes, and over all did spred</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="vii.270"></a><p class="i2">His golden wings: his dreadfull hideous hed</p> +<a name="vii.271"></a><p class="i2">Close couched on the bever, seem'd to throw</p> +<a name="vii.272"></a><p class="i2">From flaming mouth bright sparkles fierie red,</p> +<a name="vii.273"></a><p class="i2">That suddeine horror to faint harts did show,</p> +<a name="vii.274"></a><p>And scaly tayle was stretcht adowne his backe full low.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="vii.275"></a><p>Upon the top of all his loftie crest,</p> +<a name="vii.276"></a><p class="i2">A bunch of haires discolourd diversly,</p> +<a name="vii.277"></a><p class="i2">With sprincled pearle, and gold full richly drest,</p> +<a name="vii.278"></a><p class="i2">Did shake, and seemd to daunce for jollity,</p> +<a name="vii.279"></a><p class="i2">Like to an Almond tree ymounted hye</p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="vii.280"></a><p class="i2">On top of greene Selinis<a href="#Nt_vii.280">°</a> all alone,</p> +<a name="vii.281"></a><p class="i2">With blossoms brave bedecked daintily;</p> +<a name="vii.282"></a><p class="i2">Whose tender locks do tremble every one</p> +<a name="vii.283"></a><p>At every little breath that under heaven is blowne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.284"></a><p>His warlike shield<a href="#Nt_vii.284">°</a> all closely cover'd was,</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="vii.285"></a><p class="i2">Ne might of mortall eye be ever seene;</p> +<a name="vii.286"></a><p class="i2">Not made of steele, nor of enduring bras,</p> +<a name="vii.287"></a><p class="i2">Such earthly mettals soone consumed beene;</p> +<a name="vii.288"></a><p class="i2">But all of Diamond perfect pure and cleene</p> +<a name="vii.289"></a><p class="i2">It framed was, one massie entire mould,</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="vii.290"></a><p class="i2">Hewen out of Adamant rocke with engines keene,</p> +<a name="vii.291"></a><p class="i2">That point of speare it never percen could,</p> +<a name="vii.292"></a><p>Ne dint of direfull sword divide the substance would.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.293"></a><p>The same to wight he never wont disclose,</p> +<a name="vii.294"></a><p class="i2">But when as monsters huge he would dismay,</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="vii.295"></a><p class="i2">Or daunt unequall armies of his foes,</p> +<a name="vii.296"></a><p class="i2">Or when the flying heavens he would affray;</p> +<a name="vii.297"></a><p class="i2">For so exceeding shone his glistring ray,</p> +<a name="vii.298"></a><p class="i2">That Phœbus golden face it did attaint,</p> +<a name="vii.299"></a><p class="i2">As when a cloud his beames doth over-lay;</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="vii.300"></a><p class="i2">And silver Cynthia<a href="#Nt_vii.300">°</a> wexed pale and faint,</p> +<a name="vii.301"></a><p>As when her face is staynd with magicke arts constraint.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.302"></a><p>No magicke arts hereof had any might,</p> +<a name="vii.303"></a><p class="i2">Nor bloudie wordes of bold Enchaunters call;</p> +<a name="vii.304"></a><p class="i2">But all that was not such as seemd in sight,<a href="#Nt_vii.304">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="vii.305"></a><p class="i2">Before that shield did fade, and suddeine fall;</p> +<a name="vii.306"></a><p class="i2">And, when him list<a href="#Nt_vii.306">°</a> the raskall routes appall,</p> +<a name="vii.307"></a><p class="i2">Men into stones therewith he could transmew,</p> +<a name="vii.308"></a><p class="i2">And stones to dust, and dust to nought at all;</p> +<a name="vii.309"></a><p class="i2">And when him list the prouder lookes subdew,</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="vii.310"></a><p>He would them gazing blind, or turne to other hew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.311"></a><p>Ne let it seeme, that credence this exceedes,</p> +<a name="vii.312"></a><p class="i2">For he that made the same, was knowne right well</p> +<a name="vii.313"></a><p class="i2">To have done much more admirable deedes.</p> +<a name="vii.314"></a><p class="i2">It Merlin<a href="#Nt_vii.314">°</a> was, which whylome did excell</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="vii.315"></a><p class="i2">All living wightes in might of magicke spell:</p> +<a name="vii.316"></a><p class="i2">Both shield, and sword, and armour all he wrought</p> +<a name="vii.317"></a><p class="i2">For this young Prince, when first to armes he fell;</p> +<a name="vii.318"></a><p class="i2">But when he dyde, the Faerie Queene it brought</p> +<a name="vii.319"></a><p>To Faerie lond, where yet it may be seene, if sought.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="vii.320"></a><p>A gentle youth, his dearely loved Squire,</p> +<a name="vii.321"></a><p class="i2">His speare of heben wood behind him bare,</p> +<a name="vii.322"></a><p class="i2">Whose harmefull head, thrice heated in the fire,</p> +<a name="vii.323"></a><p class="i2">Had riven many a brest with pikehead square:</p> +<a name="vii.324"></a><p class="i2">A goodly person, and could menage faire</p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="vii.325"></a><p class="i2">His stubborne steed with curbed canon bit,</p> +<a name="vii.326"></a><p class="i2">Who under him did trample<a href="#Nt_vii.326">°</a> as the aire,</p> +<a name="vii.327"></a><p class="i2">And chauft, that any on his backe should sit;</p> +<a name="vii.328"></a><p>The yron rowels into frothy fome he bit.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.329"></a><p>When as this knight nigh to the Ladie drew,</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="vii.330"></a><p class="i2">With lovely court he gan her entertaine;</p> +<a name="vii.331"></a><p class="i2">But when he heard her answeres loth, he knew</p> +<a name="vii.332"></a><p class="i2">Some secret sorrow did her heart distraine:</p> +<a name="vii.333"></a><p class="i2">Which to allay, and calme her storming paine,</p> +<a name="vii.334"></a><p class="i2">Faire feeling words he wisely gan display,</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="vii.335"></a><p class="i2">And for her humour<a href="#Nt_vii.335">°</a> fitting purpose faine,</p> +<a name="vii.336"></a><p class="i2">To tempt the cause it selfe for to bewray;</p> +<a name="vii.337"></a><p>Wherewith emmov'd, these bleeding words she gan to say.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.338"></a><p>What worlds delight, or joy of living speach</p> +<a name="vii.339"></a><p class="i2">Can heart, so plung'd in sea of sorrowes deep,</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="vii.340"></a><p class="i2">And heaped with so huge misfortunes, reach?</p> +<a name="vii.341"></a><p class="i2">The carefull cold beginneth for to creepe,</p> +<a name="vii.342"></a><p class="i2">And in my heart his yron arrow steepe,</p> +<a name="vii.343"></a><p class="i2">Soone as I thinke upon my bitter bale:</p> +<a name="vii.344"></a><p class="i2">Such helplesse harmes yts better hidden keepe,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="vii.345"></a><p class="i2">Then rip up griefe, where it may not availe,</p> +<a name="vii.346"></a><p>My last left comfort is, my woes to weepe and waile.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.347"></a><p>Ah Ladie deare, quoth then the gentle knight,</p> +<a name="vii.348"></a><p class="i2">Well may I weene your griefe is wondrous great;</p> +<a name="vii.349"></a><p class="i2">For wondrous great griefe groneth in my spright,</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="vii.350"></a><p class="i2">Whiles thus I heare you of your sorrowes treat.</p> +<a name="vii.351"></a><p class="i2">But wofull Ladie, let me you intrete</p> +<a name="vii.352"></a><p class="i2">For to unfold the anguish of your hart:</p> +<a name="vii.353"></a><p class="i2">Mishaps are maistred by advice discrete,</p> +<a name="vii.354"></a><p class="i2">And counsell mittigates the greatest smart;</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="vii.355"></a><p>Found<a href="#Nt_vii.355">°</a> never helpe who never would his hurts impart.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.356"></a><p>O but (quoth she) great griefe will not be tould,<a href="#Nt_vii.xli">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.357"></a><p class="i2">And can more easily be thought then said.</p> +<a name="vii.358"></a><p class="i2">Right so (quoth he), but he that never would,</p> +<a name="vii.359"></a><p class="i2">Could never: will to might gives greatest aid.</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="vii.360"></a><p class="i2">But griefe (quoth she) does greater grow displaid,</p> +<a name="vii.361"></a><p class="i2">If then it find not helpe, and breedes despaire.</p> +<a name="vii.362"></a><p class="i2">Despaire breedes not (quoth he) where faith is staid.</p> +<a name="vii.363"></a><p class="i2">No faith<a href="#Nt_vii.363">°</a> so fast (quoth she) but flesh does paire.</p> +<a name="vii.364"></a><p>Flesh may empaire (quoth he) but reason can repaire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="vii.365"></a><p>His goodly reason, and well guided speach,</p> +<a name="vii.366"></a><p class="i2">So deepe did settle in her gracious thought,</p> +<a name="vii.367"></a><p class="i2">That her perswaded to disclose the breach,</p> +<a name="vii.368"></a><p class="i2">Which love and fortune in her heart had wrought,</p> +<a name="vii.369"></a><p class="i2">And said; Faire Sir, I hope good hap hath brought</p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="vii.370"></a><p class="i2">You to inquire the secrets of my griefe,</p> +<a name="vii.371"></a><p class="i2">Or that your wisedome will direct my thought,</p> +<a name="vii.372"></a><p class="i2">Or that your prowesse can me yield reliefe:</p> +<a name="vii.373"></a><p>Then heare the storie sad, which I shall tell you briefe.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.374"></a><p>The forlorne Maiden, whom your eyes have seene</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="vii.375"></a><p class="i2">The laughing stocke of fortunes mockeries,</p> +<a name="vii.376"></a><p class="i2">Am th' only daughter<a href="#Nt_vii.376">°</a> of a King and Queene,</p> +<a name="vii.377"></a><p class="i2">Whose parents deare, whilest equal destinies<a href="#Nt_vii.377">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.378"></a><p class="i2">Did runne about, and their felicities</p> +<a name="vii.379"></a><p class="i2">The favourable heavens did not envy,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="vii.380"></a><p class="i2">Did spread their rule through all the territories,</p> +<a name="vii.381"></a><p class="i2">Which Phison<a href="#Nt_vii.381">°</a> and Euphrates floweth by,</p> +<a name="vii.382"></a><p>And Gehons golden waves doe wash continually.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.383"></a><p>Till that their cruell cursed enemy,</p> +<a name="vii.384"></a><p class="i2">An huge great Dragon horrible in sight,</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="vii.385"></a><p class="i2">Bred in the loathly lakes of Tartary,<a href="#Nt_vii.385">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.386"></a><p class="i2">With murdrous ravine, and devouring might</p> +<a name="vii.387"></a><p class="i2">Their kingdome spoild, and countrey wasted quight:</p> +<a name="vii.388"></a><p class="i2">Themselves, for feare into his jawes to fall,</p> +<a name="vii.389"></a><p class="i2">He forst to castle strong to take their flight,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="vii.390"></a><p class="i2">Where fast embard in mighty brasen wall,</p> +<a name="vii.391"></a><p>He has them now foure yeres besiegd to make them thrall.<a href="#Nt_vii.391">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.392"></a><p>Full many knights adventurous and stout</p> +<a name="vii.393"></a><p class="i2">Have enterpriz'd that Monster to subdew;</p> +<a name="vii.394"></a><p class="i2">From every coast that heaven walks about,<a href="#Nt_vii.394">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="vii.395"></a><p class="i2">Have thither come the noble Martiall crew,</p> +<a name="vii.396"></a><p class="i2">That famous hard atchievements still pursew;</p> +<a name="vii.397"></a><p class="i2">Yet never any could that girlond win,</p> +<a name="vii.398"></a><p class="i2">But all still shronke, and still he greater grew:</p> +<a name="vii.399"></a><p class="i2">All they for want of faith, or guilt of sin,</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="vii.400"></a><p>The pitteous pray of his fierce crueltie have bin.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.401"></a><p>At last yledd with farre reported praise,</p> +<a name="vii.402"></a><p class="i2">Which flying fame throughout the world had spred,</p> +<a name="vii.403"></a><p class="i2">Of doughty knights, whom Faery land did raise,</p> +<a name="vii.404"></a><p class="i2">That noble order<a href="#Nt_vii.404">°</a> hight of Maidenhed,</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="vii.405"></a><p class="i2">Forthwith to court of Gloriane<a href="#Nt_vii.405">°</a> I sped</p> +<a name="vii.406"></a><p class="i2">Of Gloriane great Queene of glory bright,</p> +<a name="vii.407"></a><p class="i2">Whose Kingdomes seat Cleopolis<a href="#Nt_vii.407">°</a> is red,</p> +<a name="vii.408"></a><p class="i2">There to obtaine some such redoubted knight,</p> +<a name="vii.409"></a><p>The Parents deare from tyrants powre deliver might.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="vii.410"></a><p>It was my chance (my chance was faire and good)</p> +<a name="vii.411"></a><p class="i2">There for to find a fresh unproved knight,</p> +<a name="vii.412"></a><p class="i2">Whose manly hands imbrew'd in guiltie blood</p> +<a name="vii.413"></a><p class="i2">Had never bene, ne ever by his might</p> +<a name="vii.414"></a><p class="i2">Had throwne to ground the unregarded right:</p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="vii.415"></a><p class="i2">Yet of his prowesse proofe he since hath made</p> +<a name="vii.416"></a><p class="i2">(I witnesse am) in many a cruell fight;</p> +<a name="vii.417"></a><p class="i2">The groning ghosts of many one dismaide</p> +<a name="vii.418"></a><p>Have felt the bitter dint of his avenging blade.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.419"></a><p>And ye the forlorne reliques of his powre,</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="vii.420"></a><p class="i2">His byting sword, and his devouring speare,</p> +<a name="vii.421"></a><p class="i2">Which have endured many a dreadfull stowre,</p> +<a name="vii.422"></a><p class="i2">Can speake his prowesse, that did earst you beare,</p> +<a name="vii.423"></a><p class="i2">And well could rule: now he hath left you heare</p> +<a name="vii.424"></a><p class="i2">To be the record of his ruefull losse,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="vii.425"></a><p class="i2">And of my dolefull disaventurous deare:<a href="#Nt_vii.425">°</a></p> +<a name="vii.426"></a><p class="i2">O heavie record of the good Redcrosse,</p> +<a name="vii.427"></a><p>Where have you left your Lord, that could so well you tosse?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.xlix"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.428"></a><p>Well hoped I, and faire beginnings had,</p> +<a name="vii.429"></a><p class="i2">That he my captive languor<a href="#Nt_vii.429">°</a> should redeeme,</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="vii.430"></a><p class="i2">Till all unweeting, an Enchaunter bad</p> +<a name="vii.431"></a><p class="i2">His sence abusd, and made him to misdeeme</p> +<a name="vii.432"></a><p class="i2">My loyalty,<a href="#Nt_vii.432">°</a> not such as it did seeme;</p> +<a name="vii.433"></a><p class="i2">That rather death desire, then such despight.</p> +<a name="vii.434"></a><p class="i2">Be judge ye heavens, that all things right esteeme,</p> +<span class="linenum">435</span> +<a name="vii.435"></a><p class="i2">How I him lov'd, and love with all my might,</p> +<a name="vii.436"></a><p>So thought I eke of him, and thinke I thought aright.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.l"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.437"></a><p>Thenceforth me desolate he quite forsooke,</p> +<a name="vii.438"></a><p class="i2">To wander, where wilde fortune would me lead,</p> +<a name="vii.439"></a><p class="i2">And other bywaies he himselfe betooke,</p> +<span class="linenum">440</span> +<a name="vii.440"></a><p class="i2">Where never foot of living wight did tread,</p> +<a name="vii.441"></a><p class="i2">That brought<a href="#Nt_vii.441">°</a> not backe the balefull body dead;</p> +<a name="vii.442"></a><p class="i2">In which him chaunced false Duessa meete,</p> +<a name="vii.443"></a><p class="i2">Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread,</p> +<a name="vii.444"></a><p class="i2">Who with her witchcraft, and misseeming sweete,</p> +<span class="linenum">445</span> +<a name="vii.445"></a><p>Inveigled him to follow her desires unmeete.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.li"></a><p class="i20">LI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="vii.446"></a><p>At last by subtill sleights she him betraid</p> +<a name="vii.447"></a><p class="i2">Unto his foe, a Gyant huge and tall,</p> +<a name="vii.448"></a><p class="i2">Who him disarmed, dissolute, dismaid,</p> +<a name="vii.449"></a><p class="i2">Unwares surprised, and with mighty mall</p> +<span class="linenum">450</span> +<a name="vii.450"></a><p class="i2">The monster mercilesse him made to fall,</p> +<a name="vii.451"></a><p class="i2">Whose fall did never foe before behold;</p> +<a name="vii.452"></a><p class="i2">And now in darkesome dungeon, wretched thrall,</p> +<a name="vii.453"></a><p class="i2">Remedilesse, for aie he doth him hold;</p> +<a name="vii.454"></a><p>This is my cause of griefe, more great then may be told.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="vii.lii"></a><p class="i20">LII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">455</span> +<a name="vii.455"></a><p>Ere she had ended all, she gan to faint:</p> +<a name="vii.456"></a><p class="i2">But he her comforted and faire bespake,</p> +<a name="vii.457"></a><p class="i2">Certes, Madame, ye have great cause of plaint,</p> +<a name="vii.458"></a><p class="i2">The stoutest heart, I weene, could cause to quake.</p> +<a name="vii.459"></a><p class="i2">But be of cheare, and comfort to you take:</p> +<span class="linenum">460</span> +<a name="vii.460"></a><p class="i2">For till I have acquit your captive knight,</p> +<a name="vii.461"></a><p class="i2">Assure your selfe, I will you not forsake.</p> +<a name="vii.462"></a><p class="i2">His chearefull wordes reviv'd her chearelesse spright,</p> +<a name="vii.463"></a><p>So forth they went, the Dwarfe them guiding ever right.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_VIII"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO VIII</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">Faire virgin, to redeeme her deare</p> +<p class="z10">brings Arthur to the fight:</p> +<p class="z8">Who slayes that Gyant, woundes the beast,</p> +<p class="z10">and strips Duessa quight.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.1"></a><p>AY me, how many perils doe enfold</p> +<a name="viii.2"></a><p class="i2">The righteous man, to make him daily fall,</p> +<a name="viii.3"></a><p class="i2">Were not that heavenly grace doth him uphold,</p> +<a name="viii.4"></a><p class="i2">And stedfast truth acquite him out of all.</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="viii.5"></a><p class="i2">Her love is firme, her care continuall,</p> +<a name="viii.6"></a><p class="i2">So oft as he through his owne foolish pride,</p> +<a name="viii.7"></a><p class="i2">Or weaknesse is to sinfull bands made thrall:</p> +<a name="viii.8"></a><p class="i2">Else should this Redcrosse knight in bands have dydd</p> +<a name="viii.9"></a><p>For whose deliverance she this Prince doth thither guide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="viii.10"></a><p>They sadly traveild thus, until they came</p> +<a name="viii.11"></a><p class="i2">Nigh to a castle builded strong and hie:</p> +<a name="viii.12"></a><p class="i2">Then cryde the Dwarfe, Lo yonder is the same,</p> +<a name="viii.13"></a><p class="i2">In which my Lord my liege doth lucklesse lie,</p> +<a name="viii.14"></a><p class="i2">Thrall to that Gyants hateful tyrannie:</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="viii.15"></a><p class="i2">Therefore, deare Sir, your mightie powres assay.</p> +<a name="viii.16"></a><p class="i2">The noble knight alighted by and by</p> +<a name="viii.17"></a><p class="i2">From loftie steede, and bad the Ladie stay,</p> +<a name="viii.18"></a><p>To see what end of fight should him befall that day.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.19"></a><p>So with the Squire, th' admirer of his might,</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="viii.20"></a><p class="i2">He marched forth towards that castle wall;</p> +<a name="viii.21"></a><p class="i2">Whose gates he found fast shut, ne living wight</p> +<a name="viii.22"></a><p class="i2">To ward the same, nor answere commers call.</p> +<a name="viii.23"></a><p class="i2">Then tooke that Squire an horne<a href="#Nt_viii.23">°</a> of bugle small.</p> +<a name="viii.24"></a><p class="i2">Which hong adowne his side in twisted gold</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="viii.25"></a><p class="i2">And tassels gay. Wyde wonders over all</p> +<a name="viii.26"></a><p class="i2">Of that same hornes great vertues weren told,</p> +<a name="viii.27"></a><p>Which had approved bene in uses manifold.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.28"></a><p>Was never wight that heard that shrilling sownd,</p> +<a name="viii.29"></a><p class="i2">But trembling feare did feel in every vaine;</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="viii.30"></a><p class="i2">Three miles it might be easie heard around,</p> +<a name="viii.31"></a><p class="i2">And Ecchoes three answerd it selfe againe:</p> +<a name="viii.32"></a><p class="i2">No false enchauntment, nor deceiptfull traine,</p> +<a name="viii.33"></a><p class="i2">Might once abide the terror of that blast,</p> +<a name="viii.34"></a><p class="i2">But presently was voide and wholly vaine:</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="viii.35"></a><p class="i2">No gate so strong, no locke so firme and fast,</p> +<a name="viii.36"></a><p>But with that percing noise flew open quite, or brast.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.37"></a><p>The same before the Geants gate he blew,</p> +<a name="viii.38"></a><p class="i2">That all the castle quaked from the ground,</p> +<a name="viii.39"></a><p class="i2">And every dore of freewill open flew.</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="viii.40"></a><p class="i2">The Gyant selfe dismaied with that sownd,</p> +<a name="viii.41"></a><p class="i2">Where he with his Duessa dalliance fownd,</p> +<a name="viii.42"></a><p class="i2">In hast came rushing forth from inner bowre,</p> +<a name="viii.43"></a><p class="i2">With staring countenance sterne, as one astownd,</p> +<a name="viii.44"></a><p class="i2">And staggering steps, to weet, what suddein stowre,</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="viii.45"></a><p>Had wrought that horror strange, and dar'd his dreaded powre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.46"></a><p>And after him the proud Duessa came</p> +<a name="viii.47"></a><p class="i2">High mounted on her many-headed beast;</p> +<a name="viii.48"></a><p class="i2">And every head with fyrie tongue did flame,</p> +<a name="viii.49"></a><p class="i2">And every head was crowned on his creast,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="viii.50"></a><p class="i2">And bloody mouthed with late cruell feast.<a href="#Nt_viii.50">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.51"></a><p class="i2">That when the knight beheld, his mightie shild</p> +<a name="viii.52"></a><p class="i2">Upon his manly arme he soone addrest,</p> +<a name="viii.53"></a><p class="i2">And at him fiercely flew, with courage fild,</p> +<a name="viii.54"></a><p>And eger greedinesse through every member thrild.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="viii.55"></a><p>Therewith the Gyant buckled him to fight,</p> +<a name="viii.56"></a><p class="i2">Inflam'd with scornefull wrath and high disdaine,</p> +<a name="viii.57"></a><p class="i2">And lifting up his dreadfull club on hight,</p> +<a name="viii.58"></a><p class="i2">All arm'd with ragged snubbes and knottie graine,</p> +<a name="viii.59"></a><p class="i2">Him thought at first encounter to have slaine.</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="viii.60"></a><p class="i2">But wise and wary was that noble Pere,</p> +<a name="viii.61"></a><p class="i2">And lightly leaping from so monstrous maine,</p> +<a name="viii.62"></a><p class="i2">Did faire avoide the violence him nere;</p> +<a name="viii.63"></a><p>It booted nought to thinke such thunderbolts to beare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.64"></a><p>Ne shame he thought to shunne so hideous might:</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="viii.65"></a><p class="i2">The idle stroke, enforcing furious way,</p> +<a name="viii.66"></a><p class="i2">Missing the marke of his misaymed sight</p> +<a name="viii.67"></a><p class="i2">Did fall to ground, and with his heavie sway</p> +<a name="viii.68"></a><p class="i2">So deepely dinted in the driven clay,</p> +<a name="viii.69"></a><p class="i2">That three yardes deepe a furrow up did throw:</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="viii.70"></a><p class="i2">The sad earth wounded with so sore assay,</p> +<a name="viii.71"></a><p class="i2">Did grone full grievous underneath the blow,</p> +<a name="viii.72"></a><p>And trembling with strange feare, did like an earthquake show.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.73"></a><p>As when almightie Jove, in wrathfull mood,<a href="#Nt_viii.ix">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.74"></a><p class="i2">To wreake the guilt of mortall sins is bent,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="viii.75"></a><p class="i2">Hurles forth his thundring dart with deadly food,</p> +<a name="viii.76"></a><p class="i2">Enrold in flames, and smouldring dreriment,</p> +<a name="viii.77"></a><p class="i2">Through riven cloudes and molten firmament;</p> +<a name="viii.78"></a><p class="i2">The fierce threeforked engin making way</p> +<a name="viii.79"></a><p class="i2">Both loftie towres and highest trees hath rent,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="viii.80"></a><p class="i2">And all that might his angry passage stay,</p> +<a name="viii.81"></a><p>And shooting in the earth, casts up a mount of clay.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.82"></a><p>His boystrous club, so buried in the ground,</p> +<a name="viii.83"></a><p class="i2">He could not rearen up againe so light,</p> +<a name="viii.84"></a><p class="i2">But that the knight him at avantage found,</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="viii.85"></a><p class="i2">And whiles he strove his combred clubbe to quight</p> +<a name="viii.86"></a><p class="i2">Out of the earth, with blade all burning bright</p> +<a name="viii.87"></a><p class="i2">He smote off his left arme, which like a blocke</p> +<a name="viii.88"></a><p class="i2">Did fall to ground, depriv'd of native might;</p> +<a name="viii.89"></a><p class="i2">Large streames of bloud out of the truncked stocke</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="viii.90"></a><p>Forth gushed, like fresh water streame from riven rocke.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.91"></a><p>Dismayed with so desperate deadly wound,</p> +<a name="viii.92"></a><p class="i2">And eke impatient of unwonted paine,</p> +<a name="viii.93"></a><p class="i2">He lowdly brayd with beastly yelling sound,</p> +<a name="viii.94"></a><p class="i2">That all the fields rebellowed againe;</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="viii.95"></a><p class="i2">As great a noyse, as when in Cymbrian plaine<a href="#Nt_viii.95">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.96"></a><p class="i2">An heard of Bulles, whom kindly rage<a href="#Nt_viii.96">°</a> doth sting,</p> +<a name="viii.97"></a><p class="i2">Do for the milkie mothers want complaine,</p> +<a name="viii.98"></a><p class="i2">And fill the fields with troublous bellowing,</p> +<a name="viii.99"></a><p>The neighbour woods around with hollow murmur ring.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="viii.100"></a><p>That when his deare Duessa heard, and saw</p> +<a name="viii.101"></a><p class="i2">The evil stownd, that daungerd her estate,</p> +<a name="viii.102"></a><p class="i2">Unto his aide she hastily did draw</p> +<a name="viii.103"></a><p class="i2">Her dreadfull beast, who swolne with blood of late</p> +<a name="viii.104"></a><p class="i2">Came ramping forth with proud presumpteous gate,</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="viii.105"></a><p class="i2">And threatned all his heads like flaming brands.<a href="#Nt_viii.105">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.106"></a><p class="i2">But him the Squire made quickly to retrate,</p> +<a name="viii.107"></a><p class="i2">Encountring fierce with single sword in hand,</p> +<a name="viii.108"></a><p>And twixt him and his Lord did like a bulwarke stand.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.109"></a><p>The proud Duessa, full of wrathfull spight,</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="viii.110"></a><p class="i2">And fierce disdaine, to be affronted so,</p> +<a name="viii.111"></a><p class="i2">Enforst her purple beast with all her might</p> +<a name="viii.112"></a><p class="i2">That stop out of the way to overthroe,</p> +<a name="viii.113"></a><p class="i2">Scorning the let of so unequall foe:</p> +<a name="viii.114"></a><p class="i2">But nathemore would that courageous swayne</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="viii.115"></a><p class="i2">To her yeeld passage, gainst his Lord to goe,</p> +<a name="viii.116"></a><p class="i2">But with outrageous strokes did him restraine,</p> +<a name="viii.117"></a><p>And with his bodie bard the way atwixt them twaine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.118"></a><p>Then tooke the angrie witch her golden cup,<a href="#Nt_viii.118">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.119"></a><p class="i2">Which still she bore, replete with magick artes;</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="viii.120"></a><p class="i2">Death and despeyre did many thereof sup,</p> +<a name="viii.121"></a><p class="i2">And secret poyson through their inner parts,</p> +<a name="viii.122"></a><p class="i2">Th' eternall bale of heavie wounded harts;</p> +<a name="viii.123"></a><p class="i2">Which after charmes and some enchauntments said</p> +<a name="viii.124"></a><p class="i2">She lightly sprinkled on his weaker parts;</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="viii.125"></a><p class="i2">Therewith his sturdie courage soone was quayd,</p> +<a name="viii.126"></a><p>And all his senses were with suddeine dread dismayd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.127"></a><p>So downe he fell before the cruell beast,</p> +<a name="viii.128"></a><p class="i2">Who on his neck his bloody clawes did seize,</p> +<a name="viii.129"></a><p class="i2">That life nigh crusht out of his panting brest:</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="viii.130"></a><p class="i2">No powre he had to stirre, nor will to rize.</p> +<a name="viii.131"></a><p class="i2">That when the carefull knight gan well avise,</p> +<a name="viii.132"></a><p class="i2">He lightly left the foe, with whom he fought,</p> +<a name="viii.133"></a><p class="i2">And to the beast gan turne his enterprise;</p> +<a name="viii.134"></a><p class="i2">For wondrous anguish in his hart it wrought,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="viii.135"></a><p>To see his loved Squire into such thraldome brought.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.136"></a><p>And high advauncing his blood-thirstie blade,</p> +<a name="viii.137"></a><p class="i2">Stroke one of those deformed heads so sore,</p> +<a name="viii.138"></a><p class="i2">That of his puissance proud ensample made;</p> +<a name="viii.139"></a><p class="i2">His monstrous scalpe downe to his teeth it tore,</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="viii.140"></a><p class="i2">And that misformed shape mis-shaped more:</p> +<a name="viii.141"></a><p class="i2">A sea of blood gusht from the gaping wound,</p> +<a name="viii.142"></a><p class="i2">That her gay garments staynd with filthy gore,</p> +<a name="viii.143"></a><p class="i2">And overflowed all the field around;</p> +<a name="viii.144"></a><p>That over shoes in bloud he waded on the ground.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="viii.145"></a><p>Thereat he roared for exceeding paine,</p> +<a name="viii.146"></a><p class="i2">That to have heard great horror would have bred,</p> +<a name="viii.147"></a><p class="i2">And scourging th' emptie ayre with his long traine,</p> +<a name="viii.148"></a><p class="i2">Through great impatience<a href="#Nt_viii.148">°</a> of his grieved hed</p> +<a name="viii.149"></a><p class="i2">His gorgeous ryder from her loftie sted</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="viii.150"></a><p class="i2">Would have cast downe, and trod in durtie myre,</p> +<a name="viii.151"></a><p class="i2">Had not the Gyant soone her succoured;</p> +<a name="viii.152"></a><p class="i2">Who all enrag'd with smart and franticke yre,</p> +<a name="viii.153"></a><p>Came hurtling in full fierce, and forst the knight retyre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.154"></a><p>The force which wont in two to be disperst,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="viii.155"></a><p class="i2">In one alone left hand<a href="#Nt_viii.155">°</a> he now unites,</p> +<a name="viii.156"></a><p class="i2">Which is through rage more strong than both were erst;</p> +<a name="viii.157"></a><p class="i2">With which his hideous club aloft he dites,</p> +<a name="viii.158"></a><p class="i2">And at his foe with furious rigour smites,</p> +<a name="viii.159"></a><p class="i2">That strongest Oake might seeme to overthrow:</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="viii.160"></a><p class="i2">The stroke upon his shield so heavie lites,</p> +<a name="viii.161"></a><p class="i2">That to the ground it doubleth him full low:</p> +<a name="viii.162"></a><p>What mortall wight could ever beare so monstrous blow?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.163"></a><p>And in his fall his shield,<a href="#Nt_viii.xix">°</a> that covered was,</p> +<a name="viii.164"></a><p class="i2">Did loose his vele by chaunce, and open flew:</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="viii.165"></a><p class="i2">The light whereof, that heavens light did pas,</p> +<a name="viii.166"></a><p class="i2">Such blazing brightnesse through the aier threw,</p> +<a name="viii.167"></a><p class="i2">That eye mote not the same endure to vew.</p> +<a name="viii.168"></a><p class="i2">Which when the Gyaunt spyde with staring eye,</p> +<a name="viii.169"></a><p class="i2">He downe let fall his arme, and soft withdrew</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="viii.170"></a><p class="i2">His weapon huge, that heaved was on hye</p> +<a name="viii.171"></a><p>For to have slaine the man, that on the ground did lye.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.172"></a><p>And eke the fruitfull-headed beast, amazd</p> +<a name="viii.173"></a><p class="i2">At flashing beames of that sunshiny shield,</p> +<a name="viii.174"></a><p class="i2">Became starke blind, and all his sences daz'd,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="viii.175"></a><p class="i2">That downe he tumbled on the durtie field,</p> +<a name="viii.176"></a><p class="i2">And seem'd himselfe as conquered to yield.</p> +<a name="viii.177"></a><p class="i2">Whom when his maistresse proud perceiv'd to fall,</p> +<a name="viii.178"></a><p class="i2">Whiles yet his feeble feet for faintnesse reeld,</p> +<a name="viii.179"></a><p class="i2">Unto the Gyant loudly she gan call,</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="viii.180"></a><p>O helpe Orgoglio, helpe, or else we perish all.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.181"></a><p>At her so pitteous cry was much amoov'd</p> +<a name="viii.182"></a><p class="i2">Her champion stout, and for to ayde his frend,</p> +<a name="viii.183"></a><p class="i2">Againe his wonted angry weapon proov'd:</p> +<a name="viii.184"></a><p class="i2">But all in vaine: for he has read his end</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="viii.185"></a><p class="i2">In that bright shield, and all their forces spend</p> +<a name="viii.186"></a><p class="i2">Themselves in vaine: for since that glauncing sight,</p> +<a name="viii.187"></a><p class="i2">He had no powre to hurt, nor to defend;</p> +<a name="viii.188"></a><p class="i2">As where th' Almighties lightning brond does light,</p> +<a name="viii.189"></a><p>It dimmes the dazed eyen, and daunts the senses quight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="viii.190"></a><p>Whom when the Prince, to battell new addrest,</p> +<a name="viii.191"></a><p class="i2">And threatning high his dreadfull stroke did see,</p> +<a name="viii.192"></a><p class="i2">His sparkling blade about his head he blest,</p> +<a name="viii.193"></a><p class="i2">And smote off quite his right leg by the knee,</p> +<a name="viii.194"></a><p class="i2">That downe he tombled; as an aged tree,</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="viii.195"></a><p class="i2">High growing on the top of rocky clift,</p> +<a name="viii.196"></a><p class="i2">Whose hartstrings with keene steele nigh hewen be,</p> +<a name="viii.197"></a><p class="i2">The mightie trunck halfe rent, with ragged rift</p> +<a name="viii.198"></a><p>Doth roll adowne the rocks, and fall with fearefull drift.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.199"></a><p>Or as a Castle reared high and round,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="viii.200"></a><p class="i2">By subtile engins and malitious slight</p> +<a name="viii.201"></a><p class="i2">Is undermined from the lowest ground,</p> +<a name="viii.202"></a><p class="i2">And her foundation forst, and feebled quight,</p> +<a name="viii.203"></a><p class="i2">At last downe falles, and with her heaped hight</p> +<a name="viii.204"></a><p class="i2">Her hastie ruine does more heavie make,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="viii.205"></a><p class="i2">And yields it selfe unto the victours might;</p> +<a name="viii.206"></a><p class="i2">Such was this Gyants fall, that seemd to shake</p> +<a name="viii.207"></a><p>The stedfast globe of earth, as it for feare did quake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.208"></a><p>The knight then lightly leaping to the pray,</p> +<a name="viii.209"></a><p class="i2">With mortall steele him smot againe so sore,</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="viii.210"></a><p class="i2">That headlesse his unweldy bodie lay,</p> +<a name="viii.211"></a><p class="i2">All wallowd in his owne fowle bloudy gore,</p> +<a name="viii.212"></a><p class="i2">Which flowed from his wounds in wondrous store.</p> +<a name="viii.213"></a><p class="i2">But soone as breath out of his breast did pas,</p> +<a name="viii.214"></a><p class="i2">That huge great body, which the Gyaunt bore,</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="viii.215"></a><p class="i2">Was vanisht quite, and of that monstrous mas</p> +<a name="viii.216"></a><p>Was nothing left, but like an emptie bladder was.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.217"></a><p>Whose grievous fall, when false Duessa spide,</p> +<a name="viii.218"></a><p class="i2">Her golden cup she cast unto the ground,</p> +<a name="viii.219"></a><p class="i2">And crowned mitre rudely threw aside;</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="viii.220"></a><p class="i2">Such percing griefe her stubborne hart did wound,</p> +<a name="viii.221"></a><p class="i2">That she could not endure that dolefull stound,</p> +<a name="viii.222"></a><p class="i2">But leaving all behind her, fled away;</p> +<a name="viii.223"></a><p class="i2">The light-foot Squire her quickly turnd around,</p> +<a name="viii.224"></a><p class="i2">And by hard meanes enforcing her to stay,</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="viii.225"></a><p>So brought unto his Lord, as his deserved pray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.226"></a><p>The royall Virgin which beheld from farre,</p> +<a name="viii.227"></a><p class="i2">In pensive plight, and sad perplexitie,</p> +<a name="viii.228"></a><p class="i2">The whole atchievement of this doubtfull warre,</p> +<a name="viii.229"></a><p class="i2">Came running fast to greet his victorie,</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="viii.230"></a><p class="i2">With sober gladnesse, and myld modestie,</p> +<a name="viii.231"></a><p class="i2">And with sweet joyous cheare him thus bespake:</p> +<a name="viii.232"></a><p class="i2">Faire braunch of noblesse, flowre of chevalrie,</p> +<a name="viii.233"></a><p class="i2">That with your worth the world amazed make,</p> +<a name="viii.234"></a><p>How shall I quite the paines ye suffer for my sake?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="viii.235"></a><p>And you fresh budd of vertue springing fast,</p> +<a name="viii.236"></a><p class="i2">Whom these sad eyes saw nigh unto deaths dore,</p> +<a name="viii.237"></a><p class="i2">What hath poore Virgin for such perill past</p> +<a name="viii.238"></a><p class="i2">Wherewith you to reward? Accept therefore</p> +<a name="viii.239"></a><p class="i2">My simple selfe, and service evermore;</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="viii.240"></a><p class="i2">And he that high does sit, and all things see</p> +<a name="viii.241"></a><p class="i2">With equall eyes, their merites to restore,</p> +<a name="viii.242"></a><p class="i2">Behold what ye this day have done for mee,</p> +<a name="viii.243"></a><p>And what I cannot quite, requite with usuree.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.244"></a><p>But sith the heavens, and your faire handeling</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="viii.245"></a><p class="i2">Have made you master of the field this day,</p> +<a name="viii.246"></a><p class="i2">Your fortune maister<a href="#Nt_viii.246">°</a> eke with governing,</p> +<a name="viii.247"></a><p class="i2">And well begun end all so well, I pray.</p> +<a name="viii.248"></a><p class="i2">Ne let that wicked woman scape away;</p> +<a name="viii.249"></a><p class="i2">For she it is, that did my Lord bethrall,</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="viii.250"></a><p class="i2">My dearest Lord, and deepe in dongeon lay,</p> +<a name="viii.251"></a><p class="i2">Where he his better dayes hath wasted all.</p> +<a name="viii.252"></a><p>O heare, how piteous he to you for ayd does call.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.253"></a><p>Forthwith he gave in charge unto his Squire,</p> +<a name="viii.254"></a><p class="i2">That scarlot whore to keepen carefully;</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="viii.255"></a><p class="i2">Whiles he himselfe with greedie great desire</p> +<a name="viii.256"></a><p class="i2">Into the Castle entred forcibly,</p> +<a name="viii.257"></a><p class="i2">Where living creature none he did espye;</p> +<a name="viii.258"></a><p class="i2">Then gan he lowdly through the house to call:</p> +<a name="viii.259"></a><p class="i2">But no man car'd to answere to his crye.</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="viii.260"></a><p class="i2">There raignd a solemne silence over all,</p> +<a name="viii.261"></a><p>Nor voice was heard, nor wight was seene in bowre or hall.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.262"></a><p>At last with creeping crooked pace forth came</p> +<a name="viii.263"></a><p class="i2">An old old man, with beard as white as snow,</p> +<a name="viii.264"></a><p class="i2">That on a staffe his feeble steps did frame,</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="viii.265"></a><p class="i2">And guide his wearie gate both to and fro:</p> +<a name="viii.266"></a><p class="i2">For his eye sight him failed long ygo,</p> +<a name="viii.267"></a><p class="i2">And on his arme a bounch of keyes he bore,</p> +<a name="viii.268"></a><p class="i2">The which unused rust<a href="#Nt_viii.268">°</a> did overgrow:</p> +<a name="viii.269"></a><p class="i2">Those were the keyes of every inner dore,</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="viii.270"></a><p>But he could not them use, but kept them still in store.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.271"></a><p>But very uncouth sight was to behold,</p> +<a name="viii.272"></a><p class="i2">How he did fashion his untoward pace,</p> +<a name="viii.273"></a><p class="i2">For as he forward moov'd his footing old,</p> +<a name="viii.274"></a><p class="i2">So backward still was turnd his wrincled face,</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="viii.275"></a><p class="i2">Unlike to men, who ever as they trace,</p> +<a name="viii.276"></a><p class="i2">Both feet and face one way are wont to lead.</p> +<a name="viii.277"></a><p class="i2">This was the auncient keeper of that place,</p> +<a name="viii.278"></a><p class="i2">And foster father of the Gyant dead;</p> +<a name="viii.279"></a><p>His name Ignaro did his nature right aread.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="viii.280"></a><p>His reverend haires and holy gravitie</p> +<a name="viii.281"></a><p class="i2">The knight much honord, as beseemed well,</p> +<a name="viii.282"></a><p class="i2">And gently askt, where all the people bee,</p> +<a name="viii.283"></a><p class="i2">Which in that stately building wont to dwell.</p> +<a name="viii.284"></a><p class="i2">Who answerd him full soft, he could not tell.</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="viii.285"></a><p class="i2">Again he askt, where that same knight was layd,</p> +<a name="viii.286"></a><p class="i2">Whom great Orgoglio with his puissance fell</p> +<a name="viii.287"></a><p class="i2">Had made his caytive thrall, againe he sayde,</p> +<a name="viii.288"></a><p>He could not tell: ne ever other answere made.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.289"></a><p>Then asked he, which way he in might pas:</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="viii.290"></a><p class="i2">He could not tell, againe he answered.</p> +<a name="viii.291"></a><p class="i2">Thereat the curteous knight displeased was,</p> +<a name="viii.292"></a><p class="i2">And said, Old sire, it seemes thou hast not red</p> +<a name="viii.293"></a><p class="i2">How ill it sits with that same silver hed,</p> +<a name="viii.294"></a><p class="i2">In vaine to mocke, or mockt in vaine to bee:</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="viii.295"></a><p class="i2">But if thou be, as thou art pourtrahed</p> +<a name="viii.296"></a><p class="i2">With natures pen,<a href="#Nt_viii.296">°</a> in ages grave degree,</p> +<a name="viii.297"></a><p>Aread in graver wise, what I demaund of thee.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.298"></a><p>His answere likewise was, he could not tell.</p> +<a name="viii.299"></a><p class="i2">Whose sencelesse speach, and doted ignorance</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="viii.300"></a><p class="i2">When as the noble Prince had marked well,</p> +<a name="viii.301"></a><p class="i2">He ghest his nature by his countenance,</p> +<a name="viii.302"></a><p class="i2">And calmd his wrath with goodly temperance.</p> +<a name="viii.303"></a><p class="i2">Then to him stepping, from his arme did reach</p> +<a name="viii.304"></a><p class="i2">Those keyes, and made himselfe free enterance.</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="viii.305"></a><p class="i2">Each dore he opened without any breach;</p> +<a name="viii.306"></a><p>There was no barre to stop, nor foe him to empeach.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.307"></a><p>There all within full rich arrayd he found,</p> +<a name="viii.308"></a><p class="i2">With royall arras and resplendent gold.</p> +<a name="viii.309"></a><p class="i2">And did with store of every thing abound,</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="viii.310"></a><p class="i2">That greatest Princes<a href="#Nt_viii.310">°</a> presence might behold.</p> +<a name="viii.311"></a><p class="i2">But all the floore (too filthy to be told)</p> +<a name="viii.312"></a><p class="i2">With bloud of guiltlesse babes, and innocents trew,<a href="#Nt_viii.312">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.313"></a><p class="i2">Which there were slaine, as sheepe out of the fold,</p> +<a name="viii.314"></a><p class="i2">Defiled was, that dreadfull was to vew,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="viii.315"></a><p>And sacred ashes over it was strowed new.<a href="#Nt_viii.315">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.316"></a><p>And there beside of marble stone was built</p> +<a name="viii.317"></a><p class="i2">An Altare,<a href="#Nt_viii.317">°</a> carv'd with cunning ymagery,</p> +<a name="viii.318"></a><p class="i2">On which true Christians bloud was often spilt,</p> +<a name="viii.319"></a><p class="i2">And holy Martyrs often doen to dye,</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="viii.320"></a><p class="i2">With cruell malice and strong tyranny:</p> +<a name="viii.321"></a><p class="i2">Whose blessed sprites from underneath the stone</p> +<a name="viii.322"></a><p class="i2">To God for vengeance cryde continually,</p> +<a name="viii.323"></a><p class="i2">And with great griefe were often heard to grone,</p> +<a name="viii.324"></a><p>That hardest heart would bleede, to hear their piteous mone.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="viii.325"></a><p>Through every rowme he sought, and every bowr,</p> +<a name="viii.326"></a><p class="i2">But no where could he find that woful thrall:</p> +<a name="viii.327"></a><p class="i2">At last he came unto an yron doore,</p> +<a name="viii.328"></a><p class="i2">That fast was lockt, but key found not at all</p> +<a name="viii.329"></a><p class="i2">Emongst that bounch, to open it withall;</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="viii.330"></a><p class="i2">But in the same a little grate was pight,</p> +<a name="viii.331"></a><p class="i2">Through which he sent his voyce, and lowd did call</p> +<a name="viii.332"></a><p class="i2">With all his powre, to weet, if living wight</p> +<a name="viii.333"></a><p>Were housed there within, whom he enlargen might.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.334"></a><p>Therewith an hollow, dreary, murmuring voyce</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="viii.335"></a><p class="i2">These pitteous plaints and dolours did resound;</p> +<a name="viii.336"></a><p class="i2">O who is that, which brings me happy choyce</p> +<a name="viii.337"></a><p class="i2">Of death, that here lye dying every stound,</p> +<a name="viii.338"></a><p class="i2">Yet live perforce in balefull darkenesse bound?</p> +<a name="viii.339"></a><p class="i2">For now three Moones have changed thrice their hew,</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="viii.340"></a><p class="i2">And have been thrice hid underneath the ground,</p> +<a name="viii.341"></a><p class="i2">Since I the heavens chearfull face did vew,</p> +<a name="viii.342"></a><p>O welcome thou, that doest of death bring tydings trew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.343"></a><p>Which when that Champion heard, with percing point</p> +<a name="viii.344"></a><p class="i2">Of pitty deare his hart was thrilled sore,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="viii.345"></a><p class="i2">And trembling horrour ran through every joynt</p> +<a name="viii.346"></a><p class="i2">For ruth of gentle knight so fowle forlore:</p> +<a name="viii.347"></a><p class="i2">Which shaking off, he rent that yron dore,</p> +<a name="viii.348"></a><p class="i2">With furious force, and indignation fell;</p> +<a name="viii.349"></a><p class="i2">Where entred in, his foot could find no flore,</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="viii.350"></a><p class="i2">But all a deepe descent, as darke as hell,</p> +<a name="viii.351"></a><p>That breathed ever forth a filthie banefull smell.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.352"></a><p>But neither darkenesse fowle, nor filthy bands,</p> +<a name="viii.353"></a><p class="i2">Nor noyous smell his purpose could withhold,</p> +<a name="viii.354"></a><p class="i2">(Entire affection hateth nicer hands)</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="viii.355"></a><p class="i2">But that with constant zeale, and courage bold,</p> +<a name="viii.356"></a><p class="i2">After long paines and labours manifold,</p> +<a name="viii.357"></a><p class="i2">He found the meanes that Prisoner up to reare;</p> +<a name="viii.358"></a><p class="i2">Whose feeble thighes, unhable to uphold</p> +<a name="viii.359"></a><p class="i2">His pined corse, him scarse to light could beare.</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="viii.360"></a><p>A ruefull spectacle of death and ghastly drere.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.361"></a><p>His sad dull eyes deepe sunck in hollow pits,</p> +<a name="viii.362"></a><p class="i2">Could not endure th' unwonted sunne to view;</p> +<a name="viii.363"></a><p class="i2">His bare thin cheekes for want of better bits,</p> +<a name="viii.364"></a><p class="i2">And empty sides deceived of their dew,</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="viii.365"></a><p class="i2">Could make a stony hart his hap to rew;</p> +<a name="viii.366"></a><p class="i2">His rawbone armes, whose mighty brawned bowrs<a href="#Nt_viii.366">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.367"></a><p class="i2">Were wont to rive steele plates, and helmets hew,</p> +<a name="viii.368"></a><p class="i2">Were cleane consum'd, and all his vitall powres</p> +<a name="viii.369"></a><p>Decayd, and all his flesh shronk up like withered flowres.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="viii.370"></a><p>Whom when his Lady saw, to him she ran</p> +<a name="viii.371"></a><p class="i2">With hasty joy: to see him made her glad,</p> +<a name="viii.372"></a><p class="i2">And sad to view his visage pale and wan,</p> +<a name="viii.373"></a><p class="i2">Who earst in flowres of freshest youth was clad.</p> +<a name="viii.374"></a><p class="i2">Tho when her well of teares she wasted had,</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="viii.375"></a><p class="i2">She said, Ah dearest Lord, what evill starre<a href="#Nt_viii.375">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.376"></a><p class="i2">On you hath fround, and pourd his influence bad,</p> +<a name="viii.377"></a><p class="i2">That of your selfe ye thus berobbed arre,</p> +<a name="viii.378"></a><p>And this misseeming hew your manly looks doth marre?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.379"></a><p>But welcome now my Lord, in wele or woe,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="viii.380"></a><p class="i2">Whose presence I have lackt too long a day;</p> +<a name="viii.381"></a><p class="i2">And fie on Fortune mine avowed foe,<a href="#Nt_viii.381">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.382"></a><p class="i2">Whose wrathful wreakes them selves doe now alay.</p> +<a name="viii.383"></a><p class="i2">And for these wrongs shall treble penaunce pay</p> +<a name="viii.384"></a><p class="i2">Of treble good: good growes of evils priefe.<a href="#Nt_viii.384">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="viii.385"></a><p class="i2">The chearelesse man, whom sorrow did dismay,</p> +<a name="viii.386"></a><p class="i2">Had no delight to treaten of his griefe;</p> +<a name="viii.387"></a><p>His long endured famine needed more reliefe.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.388"></a><p>Faire Lady, then said that victorious knight,</p> +<a name="viii.389"></a><p class="i2">The things, that grievous were to do, or beare,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="viii.390"></a><p class="i2">Them to renew, I wote, breeds no delight;</p> +<a name="viii.391"></a><p class="i2">Best musicke breeds delight<a href="#Nt_viii.391">°</a> in loathing eare:</p> +<a name="viii.392"></a><p class="i2">But th' onely good, that growes of passed feare,</p> +<a name="viii.393"></a><p class="i2">Is to be wise, and ware of like agein.</p> +<a name="viii.394"></a><p class="i2">This dayes ensample hath this lesson deare</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="viii.395"></a><p class="i2">Deepe written in my heart with yron pen,</p> +<a name="viii.396"></a><p>That blisse may not abide in state of mortall men.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.397"></a><p>Henceforth sir knight, take to you wonted strength,</p> +<a name="viii.398"></a><p class="i2">And maister these mishaps with patient might;</p> +<a name="viii.399"></a><p class="i2">Loe where your foe lyes stretcht in monstrous length,</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="viii.400"></a><p class="i2">And loe that wicked woman in your sight,</p> +<a name="viii.401"></a><p class="i2">The roote of all your care, and wretched plight,</p> +<a name="viii.402"></a><p class="i2">Now in your powre, to let her live, or dye.</p> +<a name="viii.403"></a><p class="i2">To do her dye (quoth Una) were despight,</p> +<a name="viii.404"></a><p class="i2">And shame t'avenge so weake an enimy;</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="viii.405"></a><p>But spoile her of her scarlot robe, and let her fly.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.406"></a><p>So as she bad, that witch they disaraid,<a href="#Nt_viii.xlvi">°</a></p> +<a name="viii.407"></a><p class="i2">And robd of royall robes, and purple pall,</p> +<a name="viii.408"></a><p class="i2">And ornaments that richly were displaid;</p> +<a name="viii.409"></a><p class="i2">Ne spared they to strip her naked all.</p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="viii.410"></a><p class="i2">Then when they had despoiled her tire and call,</p> +<a name="viii.411"></a><p class="i2">Such as she was, their eyes might her behold,</p> +<a name="viii.412"></a><p class="i2">That her misshaped parts did them appall,</p> +<a name="viii.413"></a><p class="i2">A loathly, wrinckled hag, ill favoured, old,</p> +<a name="viii.414"></a><p>Whose secret filth good manners biddeth not be told.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p> * * * * *</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="viii.415"></a><p>Which when the knights beheld, amazd they were,</p> +<a name="viii.416"></a><p class="i2">And wondred at so fowle deformed wight.</p> +<a name="viii.417"></a><p class="i2">Such then (said Una) as she seemeth here,</p> +<a name="viii.418"></a><p class="i2">Such is the face of falshood, such the sight</p> +<a name="viii.419"></a><p class="i2">Of fowle Duessa, when her borrowed light</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="viii.420"></a><p class="i2">Is laid away, and counterfesaunce knowne.</p> +<a name="viii.421"></a><p class="i2">Thus when they had the witch disrobed quight,</p> +<a name="viii.422"></a><p class="i2">And all her filthy feature open showne,</p> +<a name="viii.423"></a><p>They let her goe at will, and wander wayes unknowne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="viii.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="viii.424"></a><p>She flying fast from heavens hated face,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="viii.425"></a><p class="i2">And from the world that her discovered wide,</p> +<a name="viii.426"></a><p class="i2">Fled to the wastfull wildernesse apace,</p> +<a name="viii.427"></a><p class="i2">From living eyes her open shame to hide,</p> +<a name="viii.428"></a><p class="i2">And lurkt in rocks and caves long unespide.</p> +<a name="viii.429"></a><p class="i2">But that faire crew of knights, and Una faire</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="viii.430"></a><p class="i2">Did in that castle afterwards abide,</p> +<a name="viii.431"></a><p class="i2">To rest them selves, and weary powres repaire,</p> +<a name="viii.432"></a><p>Where store they found of all that dainty was and rare.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_IX"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO IX</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">His loves and lignage Arthur tells:</p> +<p class="z10">the Knights knit friendly hands:</p> +<p class="z8">Sir Trevisan flies from Despayre,</p> +<p class="z10">whom Redcrosse Knight withstands.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.1"></a><p>O GOODLY golden chaine,<a href="#Nt_ix.1">°</a> wherewith yfere</p> +<a name="ix.2"></a><p class="i2">The vertues linked are in lovely wize:</p> +<a name="ix.3"></a><p class="i2">And noble mindes of yore allyed were,</p> +<a name="ix.4"></a><p class="i2">In brave poursuit of chevalrous emprize,</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="ix.5"></a><p class="i2">That none did others safety despize,</p> +<a name="ix.6"></a><p class="i2">Nor aid envy to him, in need that stands,</p> +<a name="ix.7"></a><p class="i2">But friendly each did others prayse devize,</p> +<a name="ix.8"></a><p class="i2">How to advaunce with favourable hands,</p> +<a name="ix.9"></a><p>As this good Prince redeemd the Redcrosse knight from bands.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="ix.10"></a><p>Who when their powres empaird through labour long,</p> +<a name="ix.11"></a><p class="i2">With dew repast they had recured well,</p> +<a name="ix.12"></a><p class="i2">And that weake captive wight now wexed strong,</p> +<a name="ix.13"></a><p class="i2">Them list no lenger there at leasure dwell,</p> +<a name="ix.14"></a><p class="i2">But forward fare, as their adventures fell,</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="ix.15"></a><p class="i2">But ere they parted, Una faire besought</p> +<a name="ix.16"></a><p class="i2">That straunger knight his name and nation tell;</p> +<a name="ix.17"></a><p class="i2">Least so great good, as he for her had wrought,</p> +<a name="ix.18"></a><p>Should die unknown, and buried be in thanklesse<a href="#Nt_ix.18">°</a> thought.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.19"></a><p>Faire virgin (said the Prince) ye me require</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="ix.20"></a><p class="i2">A thing without the compas of my wit:</p> +<a name="ix.21"></a><p class="i2">For both the lignage and the certain Sire,</p> +<a name="ix.22"></a><p class="i2">From which I sprong, from me are hidden yit.</p> +<a name="ix.23"></a><p class="i2">For all so soone as life did me admit</p> +<a name="ix.24"></a><p class="i2">Into this world, and shewed heavens light,</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="ix.25"></a><p class="i2">From mothers pap I taken was unfit:</p> +<a name="ix.26"></a><p class="i2">And streight deliver'd to a Faery knight,<a href="#Nt_ix.26">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.27"></a><p>To be upbrought in gentle thewes and martiall might.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.28"></a><p>Unto old Timon he me brought bylive,</p> +<a name="ix.29"></a><p class="i2">Old Timon, who in youthly yeares hath beene</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="ix.30"></a><p class="i2">In warlike feates th'expertest man alive,</p> +<a name="ix.31"></a><p class="i2">And is the wisest now on earth I weene;</p> +<a name="ix.32"></a><p class="i2">His dwelling is low in a valley greene,</p> +<a name="ix.33"></a><p class="i2">Under the foot of Rauran mossy hore,<a href="#Nt_ix.33">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.34"></a><p class="i2">From whence the river Dee<a href="#Nt_ix.34">°</a> as silver cleene,</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="ix.35"></a><p class="i2">His tombling billowes roll with gentle rore:</p> +<a name="ix.36"></a><p>There all my dayes he traind me up in vertuous lore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.37"></a><p>Thither the great magicien Merlin came,</p> +<a name="ix.38"></a><p class="i2">As was his use, ofttimes to visit me:</p> +<a name="ix.39"></a><p class="i2">For he had charge my discipline to frame,<a href="#Nt_ix.39">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="ix.40"></a><p class="i2">And Tutours nouriture to oversee.</p> +<a name="ix.41"></a><p class="i2">Him oft and oft I askt in privitie,</p> +<a name="ix.42"></a><p class="i2">Of what loines and what lignage I did spring:</p> +<a name="ix.43"></a><p class="i2">Whose aunswere bad me still assured bee,</p> +<a name="ix.44"></a><p class="i2">That I was sonne and heire unto a king,</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="ix.45"></a><p>As time in her just terme<a href="#Nt_ix.45">°</a> the truth to light should bring.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.46"></a><p>Well worthy impe, said then the Lady gent,</p> +<a name="ix.47"></a><p class="i2">And pupill fit for such a Tutours hand.</p> +<a name="ix.48"></a><p class="i2">But what adventure, or what high intent</p> +<a name="ix.49"></a><p class="i2">Hath brought you hither into Faery land,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="ix.50"></a><p class="i2">Aread Prince Arthur, crowne of Martiall band?</p> +<a name="ix.51"></a><p class="i2">Full hard it is (quoth he) to read aright</p> +<a name="ix.52"></a><p class="i2">The course of heavenly cause, or understand</p> +<a name="ix.53"></a><p class="i2">The secret meaning of th' eternall might,</p> +<a name="ix.54"></a><p>That rules mens wayes, and rules the thoughts of living wight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="ix.55"></a><p>For whether he through fatall deepe foresight</p> +<a name="ix.56"></a><p class="i2">Me hither sent, for cause to me unghest,</p> +<a name="ix.57"></a><p class="i2">Or that fresh bleeding wound,<a href="#Nt_ix.57">°</a> which day and night</p> +<a name="ix.58"></a><p class="i2">Whilome doth rancle in my riven brest,</p> +<a name="ix.59"></a><p class="i2">With forced fury<a href="#Nt_ix.59">°</a> following his behest,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="ix.60"></a><p class="i2">Me hither brought by wayes yet never found;</p> +<a name="ix.61"></a><p class="i2">You to have helpt I hold myself yet blest.</p> +<a name="ix.62"></a><p class="i2">Ah curteous knight (quoth she) what secret wound</p> +<a name="ix.63"></a><p>Could ever find,<a href="#Nt_ix.63">°</a> to grieve the gentlest hart on ground?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.64"></a><p>Deare dame (quoth he) you sleeping sparkes awake,<a href="#Nt_ix.64">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="ix.65"></a><p class="i2">Which troubled once, into huge flames will grow,</p> +<a name="ix.66"></a><p class="i2">Ne ever will their fervent fury slake,</p> +<a name="ix.67"></a><p class="i2">Till living moysture into smoke do flow,</p> +<a name="ix.68"></a><p class="i2">And wasted life do lye in ashes low.</p> +<a name="ix.69"></a><p class="i2">Yet sithens silence lesseneth not my fire,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="ix.70"></a><p class="i2">But told<a href="#Nt_ix.70">°</a> it flames, and hidden it does glow;</p> +<a name="ix.71"></a><p class="i2">I will revele what ye so much desire:</p> +<a name="ix.72"></a><p>Ah Love, lay down thy bow, the whiles I may respire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.73"></a><p>It was in freshest flowre of youthly yeares,</p> +<a name="ix.74"></a><p class="i2">When courage first does creepe in manly chest,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="ix.75"></a><p class="i2">Then first the coale of kindly heat appeares</p> +<a name="ix.76"></a><p class="i2">To kindle love in every living brest;</p> +<a name="ix.77"></a><p class="i2">But me had warnd old Timons wise behest,</p> +<a name="ix.78"></a><p class="i2">Those creeping flames by reason to subdew,</p> +<a name="ix.79"></a><p class="i2">Before their rage grew to so great unrest,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="ix.80"></a><p class="i2">As miserable lovers use to rew,</p> +<a name="ix.81"></a><p>Which still wex old in woe, whiles woe still wexeth new.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.82"></a><p>That idle name of love, and lovers life,</p> +<a name="ix.83"></a><p class="i2">As losse of time, and vertues enimy,</p> +<a name="ix.84"></a><p class="i2">I ever scornd, and joyd to stirre up strife,</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="ix.85"></a><p class="i2">In middest of their mournfull Tragedy,</p> +<a name="ix.86"></a><p class="i2">Ay wont to laugh, when them I heard to cry,</p> +<a name="ix.87"></a><p class="i2">And blow the fire, which them to ashes brent:</p> +<a name="ix.88"></a><p class="i2">Their God himselfe, griev'd at my libertie,</p> +<a name="ix.89"></a><p class="i2">Shot many a dart at me with fiers intent,</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="ix.90"></a><p>But I them warded all with wary government.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.91"></a><p>But all in vaine: no fort can be so strong,</p> +<a name="ix.92"></a><p class="i2">Ne fleshly brest can armed be so sound,</p> +<a name="ix.93"></a><p class="i2">But will at last be wonne with battrie long,</p> +<a name="ix.94"></a><p class="i2">Or unawares at disadvantage found:</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="ix.95"></a><p class="i2">Nothing is sure, that growes on earthly ground:</p> +<a name="ix.96"></a><p class="i2">And who most trustes in arme of fleshly might,</p> +<a name="ix.97"></a><p class="i2">And boasts in beauties chaine not to be bound,</p> +<a name="ix.98"></a><p class="i2">Doth soonest fall in disaventrous fight,</p> +<a name="ix.99"></a><p>And yeeldes his caytive neck to victours most despight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="ix.100"></a><p>Ensample make<a href="#Nt_ix.100">°</a> of him your haplesse joy,</p> +<a name="ix.101"></a><p class="i2">And of my selfe now mated, as ye see;</p> +<a name="ix.102"></a><p class="i2">Whose prouder vaunt that proud avenging boy</p> +<a name="ix.103"></a><p class="i2">Did soone pluck downe and curbd my libertie.</p> +<a name="ix.104"></a><p class="i2">For on a day, prickt forth with jollitie</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="ix.105"></a><p class="i2">Of looser life, and heat of hardiment,</p> +<a name="ix.106"></a><p class="i2">Raunging the forest wide on courser free,</p> +<a name="ix.107"></a><p class="i2">The fields, the floods, the heavens with one consent</p> +<a name="ix.108"></a><p>Did seeme to laugh on me, and favour mine intent.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.109"></a><p>For-wearied with my sports, I did alight</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="ix.110"></a><p class="i2">From loftie steed, and downe to sleepe me layd;</p> +<a name="ix.111"></a><p class="i2">The verdant gras my couch did goodly dight,</p> +<a name="ix.112"></a><p class="i2">And pillow was my helmet faire displayd:</p> +<a name="ix.113"></a><p class="i2">Whiles every sence<a href="#Nt_ix.113">°</a> the humour sweet embayd,</p> +<a name="ix.114"></a><p class="i2">And slombring soft my hart did steale away,</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="ix.115"></a><p class="i2">Me seemed, by my side a royall Mayd</p> +<a name="ix.116"></a><p class="i2">Her daintie limbes full softly down did lay:</p> +<a name="ix.117"></a><p>So faire a creature yet saw never sunny day.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.118"></a><p>Most goodly glee and lovely blandishment</p> +<a name="ix.119"></a><p class="i2">She to me made, and bad me love her deare;</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="ix.120"></a><p class="i2">For dearely sure her love was to me bent,</p> +<a name="ix.121"></a><p class="i2">As when just time expired should appeare.</p> +<a name="ix.122"></a><p class="i2">But whether dreames delude, or true it were,</p> +<a name="ix.123"></a><p class="i2">Was never hart so ravisht with delight,</p> +<a name="ix.124"></a><p class="i2">Ne living man like words did ever heare,</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="ix.125"></a><p class="i2">As she to me delivered all that night;</p> +<a name="ix.126"></a><p>And at her parting said, She Queene of Faeries hight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.127"></a><p>When I awoke, and found her place devoyd,</p> +<a name="ix.128"></a><p class="i2">And nought but pressed gras, where she had lyen,</p> +<a name="ix.129"></a><p class="i2">I sorrowed all so much as earst I joyd,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="ix.130"></a><p class="i2">And washed all her place with watry eyen.</p> +<a name="ix.131"></a><p class="i2">From that day forth I lov'd that face divine;</p> +<a name="ix.132"></a><p class="i2">From that day forth I cast in carefull mind</p> +<a name="ix.133"></a><p class="i2">To seeke her out with labour, and long tyne,</p> +<a name="ix.134"></a><p class="i2">And never vowd to rest till her I find,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="ix.135"></a><p>Nine monethes I seeke in vain, yet ni'll that vow unbind.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.136"></a><p>Thus as he spake, his visage wexed pale,</p> +<a name="ix.137"></a><p class="i2">And chaunge of hew great passion did bewray;</p> +<a name="ix.138"></a><p class="i2">Yet still he strove to cloke his inward bale,</p> +<a name="ix.139"></a><p class="i2">And hide the smoke that did his fire display,</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="ix.140"></a><p class="i2">Till gentle Una thus to him gan say;</p> +<a name="ix.141"></a><p class="i2">O happy Queene of Faeries, that has found</p> +<a name="ix.142"></a><p class="i2">Mongst many, one that with his prowesse may</p> +<a name="ix.143"></a><p class="i2">Defend thine honour, and thy foes confound:</p> +<a name="ix.144"></a><p>True Loves are often sown, but seldom grow on ground.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="ix.145"></a><p>Thine, O then, said the gentle Recrosse knight,</p> +<a name="ix.146"></a><p class="i2">Next to that Ladies love,<a href="#Nt_ix.146">°</a> shal be the place,</p> +<a name="ix.147"></a><p class="i2">O fairest virgin, full of heavenly light,</p> +<a name="ix.148"></a><p class="i2">Whose wondrous faith exceeding earthly race,</p> +<a name="ix.149"></a><p class="i2">Was firmest fixt<a href="#Nt_ix.149">°</a> in mine extremest case.</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="ix.150"></a><p class="i2">And you, my Lord, the Patrone of my life,</p> +<a name="ix.151"></a><p class="i2">Of that great Queene may well gaine worthy grace:</p> +<a name="ix.152"></a><p class="i2">For onely worthy you through prowes priefe,</p> +<a name="ix.153"></a><p>Yf living man mote worthie be, to be her liefe.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.154"></a><p>So diversly discoursing of their loves,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="ix.155"></a><p class="i2">The golden Sunne his glistring head gan shew,</p> +<a name="ix.156"></a><p class="i2">And sad remembraunce now the Prince amoves</p> +<a name="ix.157"></a><p class="i2">With fresh desire his voyage to pursew;</p> +<a name="ix.158"></a><p class="i2">Als Una earnd her traveill to renew.</p> +<a name="ix.159"></a><p class="i2">Then those two knights, fast friendship for to bynd,</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="ix.160"></a><p class="i2">And love establish each to other trew,</p> +<a name="ix.161"></a><p class="i2">Gave goodly gifts, the signes of gratefull mynd,</p> +<a name="ix.162"></a><p>And eke the pledges firme, right hands together joynd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.163"></a><p>Prince Arthur gave a boxe of Diamond sure,</p> +<a name="ix.164"></a><p class="i2">Embowd with gold and gorgeous ornament,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="ix.165"></a><p class="i2">Wherein were closd few drops of liquor pure,</p> +<a name="ix.166"></a><p class="i2">Of wondrous worth, and vertue excellent,</p> +<a name="ix.167"></a><p class="i2">That any wound could heale incontinent:</p> +<a name="ix.168"></a><p class="i2">Which to requite, the Redcrosse knight him gave</p> +<a name="ix.169"></a><p class="i2">A booke,<a href="#Nt_ix.169">°</a> wherein his Saveours testament</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="ix.170"></a><p class="i2">Was writ with golden letters rich and brave;</p> +<a name="ix.171"></a><p>A worke of wondrous grace, and able soules to save.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.172"></a><p>Thus beene they parted, Arthur on his way</p> +<a name="ix.173"></a><p class="i2">To seeke his love, and th' other for to fight</p> +<a name="ix.174"></a><p class="i2">With Unaes foe, that all her realme did pray.</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="ix.175"></a><p class="i2">But she now weighing the decayed plight,</p> +<a name="ix.176"></a><p class="i2">And shrunken synewes of her chosen knight,</p> +<a name="ix.177"></a><p class="i2">Would not a while her forward course pursew,</p> +<a name="ix.178"></a><p class="i2">Ne bring him forth in face of dreadfull fight,</p> +<a name="ix.179"></a><p class="i2">Till he recovered had his former hew:</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="ix.180"></a><p>For him to be yet weake and wearie well she knew.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.181"></a><p>So as they traveild, lo they gan espy</p> +<a name="ix.182"></a><p class="i2">An armed knight<a href="#Nt_ix.182">°</a> towards them gallop fast,</p> +<a name="ix.183"></a><p class="i2">That seemed from some feared foe to fly,</p> +<a name="ix.184"></a><p class="i2">Or other griesly thing, that him aghast.</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="ix.185"></a><p class="i2">Still as he fled, his eye was backward cast,</p> +<a name="ix.186"></a><p class="i2">As if his feare still followed him behind;</p> +<a name="ix.187"></a><p class="i2">Als flew his steed, as he his bands had brast,</p> +<a name="ix.188"></a><p class="i2">And with his winged heeles did tread the wind,</p> +<a name="ix.189"></a><p>As he had beene a fole of Pegasus<a href="#Nt_ix.189">°</a> his kind.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="ix.190"></a><p>Nigh as he drew, they might perceive his head</p> +<a name="ix.191"></a><p class="i2">To be unarmd, and curld uncombed heares</p> +<a name="ix.192"></a><p class="i2">Upstaring stiffe, dismayd with uncouth dread;</p> +<a name="ix.193"></a><p class="i2">Nor drop of bloud in all his face appeares</p> +<a name="ix.194"></a><p class="i2">Nor life in limbe: and to increase his feares</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="ix.195"></a><p class="i2">In fowle reproch of knighthoods faire degree,</p> +<a name="ix.196"></a><p class="i2">About his neck an hempen rope he weares,</p> +<a name="ix.197"></a><p class="i2">That with his glistring armes does ill agree;</p> +<a name="ix.198"></a><p>But he of rope or armes has now no memoree.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.199"></a><p>The Redcrosse knight toward him crossed fast,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="ix.200"></a><p class="i2">To weet, what mister wight was so dismayd:</p> +<a name="ix.201"></a><p class="i2">There him he finds all sencelesse and aghast,</p> +<a name="ix.202"></a><p class="i2">That of him selfe he seemd to be afrayd;</p> +<a name="ix.203"></a><p class="i2">Whom hardly he from flying forward stayd,</p> +<a name="ix.204"></a><p class="i2">Till he these wordes to him deliver might;</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="ix.205"></a><p class="i2">Sir knight, aread who hath ye thus arayd,</p> +<a name="ix.206"></a><p class="i2">And eke from whom make ye this hasty flight:</p> +<a name="ix.207"></a><p>For never knight I saw in such misseeming plight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.208"></a><p>He answerd nought at all, but adding new</p> +<a name="ix.209"></a><p class="i2">Feare to his first amazment, staring wide</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="ix.210"></a><p class="i2">With stony eyes, and hartlesse hollow hew,</p> +<a name="ix.211"></a><p class="i2">Astonisht stood, as one that had aspide</p> +<a name="ix.212"></a><p class="i2">Infernall furies, with their chaines untide.</p> +<a name="ix.213"></a><p class="i2">Him yet againe, and yet againe bespake</p> +<a name="ix.214"></a><p class="i2">The gentle knight; who nought to him replide,</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="ix.215"></a><p class="i2">But trembling every joint did inly quake,</p> +<a name="ix.216"></a><p>And foltring tongue at last these words seemd forth to shake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.217"></a><p>For Gods deare love, Sir knight, do me not stay;</p> +<a name="ix.218"></a><p class="i2">For loe he comes, he comes fast after mee.</p> +<a name="ix.219"></a><p class="i2">Eft looking back would faine have runne away;</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="ix.220"></a><p class="i2">But he him forst to stay, and tellen free</p> +<a name="ix.221"></a><p class="i2">The secret cause of his perplexitie:</p> +<a name="ix.222"></a><p class="i2">Yet nathemore by his bold hartie speach</p> +<a name="ix.223"></a><p class="i2">Could his bloud-frosen hart emboldned bee,</p> +<a name="ix.224"></a><p class="i2">But through his boldnesse rather feare did reach,</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="ix.225"></a><p>Yet forst, at last he made through silence suddein breach.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.226"></a><p>And am I now in safetie sure (quoth he)</p> +<a name="ix.227"></a><p class="i2">From him, that would have forced me to dye?</p> +<a name="ix.228"></a><p class="i2">And is the point of death now turnd fro mee,</p> +<a name="ix.229"></a><p class="i2">That I may tell this haplesse history?</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="ix.230"></a><p class="i2">Feare nought: (quoth he) no daunger now is nye.</p> +<a name="ix.231"></a><p class="i2">Then shall I you recount a ruefull cace,</p> +<a name="ix.232"></a><p class="i2">(Said he) the which with this unlucky eye</p> +<a name="ix.233"></a><p class="i2">I late beheld, and had not greater grace<a href="#Nt_ix.233">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.234"></a><p>Me reft from it, had bene partaker of the place.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="ix.235"></a><p>I lately chaunst (would I had never chaunst)</p> +<a name="ix.236"></a><p class="i2">With a faire knight to keepen companee,</p> +<a name="ix.237"></a><p class="i2">Sir Terwin hight, that well himselfe advaunst</p> +<a name="ix.238"></a><p class="i2">In all affaires, and was both bold and free,</p> +<a name="ix.239"></a><p class="i2">But not so happy as mote happy bee:</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="ix.240"></a><p class="i2">He lov'd, as was his lot, a Ladie gent,</p> +<a name="ix.241"></a><p class="i2">That him againe lov'd in the least degree:</p> +<a name="ix.242"></a><p class="i2">For she was proud, and of too high intent,</p> +<a name="ix.243"></a><p>And joyd to see her lover languish and lament.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.244"></a><p>From whom returning sad and comfortlesse,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="ix.245"></a><p class="i2">As on the way together we did fare,</p> +<a name="ix.246"></a><p class="i2">We met that villen (God from him me blesse)</p> +<a name="ix.247"></a><p class="i2">That cursed wight, from whom I scapt whyleare,</p> +<a name="ix.248"></a><p class="i2">A man of hell, that cals himselfe Despaire:</p> +<a name="ix.249"></a><p class="i2">Who first us greets, and after faire areedes<a href="#Nt_ix.249">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="ix.250"></a><p class="i2">Of tydings strange, and of adventures rare:</p> +<a name="ix.251"></a><p class="i2">So creeping close, as Snake in hidden weedes,</p> +<a name="ix.252"></a><p>Inquireth of our states, and of our knightly deedes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.253"></a><p>Which when he knew, and felt our feeble harts</p> +<a name="ix.254"></a><p class="i2">Embost with bale, and bitter byting griefe,</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="ix.255"></a><p class="i2">Which love had launched with his deadly darts,</p> +<a name="ix.256"></a><p class="i2">With wounding words and termes of foule repriefe,</p> +<a name="ix.257"></a><p class="i2">He pluckt from us all hope of due reliefe,</p> +<a name="ix.258"></a><p class="i2">That earst us held in love of lingring life;</p> +<a name="ix.259"></a><p class="i2">Then hopelesse hartlesse, gan the cunning thiefe</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="ix.260"></a><p class="i2">Perswade us die, to stint all further strife:</p> +<a name="ix.261"></a><p>To me he lent this rope, to him a rustie knife.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.262"></a><p>With which sad instrument of hasty death,</p> +<a name="ix.263"></a><p class="i2">That wofull lover, loathing lenger light,</p> +<a name="ix.264"></a><p class="i2">A wide way made to let forth living breath.</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="ix.265"></a><p class="i2">But I more fearfull, or more luckie wight,</p> +<a name="ix.266"></a><p class="i2">Dismayd with that deformed dismall sight,</p> +<a name="ix.267"></a><p class="i2">Fled fast away, halfe dead with dying feare:<a href="#Nt_ix.267">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.268"></a><p class="i2">Ne yet assur'd of life by you, Sir knight,</p> +<a name="ix.269"></a><p class="i2">Whose like infirmitie<a href="#Nt_ix.269">°</a> like chaunce may beare:</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="ix.270"></a><p>But God<a href="#Nt_ix.270">°</a> you never let his charmed speeches heare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.271"></a><p>How may a man (said he) with idle speach</p> +<a name="ix.272"></a><p class="i2">Be wonne, to spoyle the Castle of his health?<a href="#Nt_ix.272">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.273"></a><p class="i2">I wote<a href="#Nt_ix.273">°</a> (quoth he) whom triall late did teach,</p> +<a name="ix.274"></a><p class="i2">That like would not for all this worldes wealth:</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="ix.275"></a><p class="i2">His subtill tongue, like dropping honny, mealt'h<a href="#Nt_ix.275">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.276"></a><p class="i2">Into the hart, and searcheth every vaine;</p> +<a name="ix.277"></a><p class="i2">That ere one be aware, by secret stealth</p> +<a name="ix.278"></a><p class="i2">His powre is reft, and weaknesse doth remaine.</p> +<a name="ix.279"></a><p>O never Sir desire to try his guilefull traine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="ix.280"></a><p>Certes (said he) hence shall I never rest,</p> +<a name="ix.281"></a><p class="i2">Till I that treacherours art have heard and tride;</p> +<a name="ix.282"></a><p class="i2">And you Sir knight, whose name mote I request,</p> +<a name="ix.283"></a><p class="i2">Of grace do me unto his cabin guide.</p> +<a name="ix.284"></a><p class="i2">I that hight Trevisan (quoth he) will ride,</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="ix.285"></a><p class="i2">Against my liking backe, to do you grace:</p> +<a name="ix.286"></a><p class="i2">But not for gold nor glee<a href="#Nt_ix.286">°</a> will I abide</p> +<a name="ix.287"></a><p class="i2">By you, when ye arrive in that same place</p> +<a name="ix.288"></a><p>For lever had I die, then see his deadly face.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.289"></a><p>Ere long they come, where that same wicked wight</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="ix.290"></a><p class="i2">His dwelling has, low in an hollow cave,</p> +<a name="ix.291"></a><p class="i2">Farre underneath a craggie clift ypight,</p> +<a name="ix.292"></a><p class="i2">Darke, dolefull, drearie, like a greedy grave,</p> +<a name="ix.293"></a><p class="i2">That still for carrion carcases doth crave:</p> +<a name="ix.294"></a><p class="i2">On top whereof aye dwelt the ghastly Owle,<a href="#Nt_ix.294">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="ix.295"></a><p class="i2">Shrieking his balefull note, which ever drave</p> +<a name="ix.296"></a><p class="i2">Far from that haunt all other chearefull fowle;</p> +<a name="ix.297"></a><p>And all about it wandring ghostes did waile and howle.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.298"></a><p>And all about old stockes and stubs of trees,</p> +<a name="ix.299"></a><p class="i2">Whereon nor fruit nor leafe was ever seene,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="ix.300"></a><p class="i2">Did hang upon the ragged rocky knees;</p> +<a name="ix.301"></a><p class="i2">On which had many wretches hanged beene,</p> +<a name="ix.302"></a><p class="i2">Whose carcases were scattered on the greene,</p> +<a name="ix.303"></a><p class="i2">And throwne about the clifts. Arrived there,</p> +<a name="ix.304"></a><p class="i2">That bare-head knight for dread and dolefull teene,</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="ix.305"></a><p class="i2">Would faine have fled, ne durst approchen neare,</p> +<a name="ix.306"></a><p>But th' other forst him stay, and comforted in feare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.307"></a><p>That darkesome cave they enter, where they find</p> +<a name="ix.308"></a><p class="i2">That cursed man, low sitting on the ground,</p> +<a name="ix.309"></a><p class="i2">Musing full sadly in his sullein mind;</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="ix.310"></a><p class="i2">His griesie lockes, long growen, and unbound,</p> +<a name="ix.311"></a><p class="i2">Disordred hong about his shoulders round,</p> +<a name="ix.312"></a><p class="i2">And hid his face; through which his hollow eyne</p> +<a name="ix.313"></a><p class="i2">Lookt deadly dull, and stared as astound;</p> +<a name="ix.314"></a><p class="i2">His raw-bone cheekes, through penurie and pine,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="ix.315"></a><p>Were shronke into his jawes, as<a href="#Nt_ix.315">°</a> he did never dine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.316"></a><p>His garment nought but many ragged clouts,</p> +<a name="ix.317"></a><p class="i2">With thornes together pind and patched was,</p> +<a name="ix.318"></a><p class="i2">The which his naked sides he wrapt abouts;</p> +<a name="ix.319"></a><p class="i2">And him beside there lay upon the gras</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="ix.320"></a><p class="i2">A drearie corse,<a href="#Nt_ix.320">°</a> whose life away did pas,</p> +<a name="ix.321"></a><p class="i2">All wallowed in his owne yet luke-warme blood,</p> +<a name="ix.322"></a><p class="i2">That from his wound yet welled fresh alas;</p> +<a name="ix.323"></a><p class="i2">In which a rustie knife fast fixed stood,</p> +<a name="ix.324"></a><p>And made an open passage for the gushing flood.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="ix.325"></a><p>Which piteous spectacle, approving trew</p> +<a name="ix.326"></a><p class="i2">The wofull tale that Trevisan had told,</p> +<a name="ix.327"></a><p class="i2">When as the gentle Redcrosse knight did vew,</p> +<a name="ix.328"></a><p class="i2">With firie zeale he burnt in courage bold,</p> +<a name="ix.329"></a><p class="i2">Him to avenge, before his bloud were cold,</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="ix.330"></a><p class="i2">And to the villein said, Thou damned wight,</p> +<a name="ix.331"></a><p class="i2">The author of this fact we here behold,</p> +<a name="ix.332"></a><p class="i2">What justice can but judge against thee right,<a href="#Nt_ix.332">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.333"></a><p>With thine owne bloud to price<a href="#Nt_ix.333">°</a> his bloud, here shed in sight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.334"></a><p>What franticke fit (quoth he) hath thus distraught</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="ix.335"></a><p class="i2">Thee, foolish man, so rash a doome to give?</p> +<a name="ix.336"></a><p class="i2">What justice<a href="#Nt_ix.336">°</a> ever other judgement taught,</p> +<a name="ix.337"></a><p class="i2">But he should die, who merites not to live?</p> +<a name="ix.338"></a><p class="i2">None else to death this man despayring drive,</p> +<a name="ix.339"></a><p class="i2">But his owne guiltie mind deserving death.</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="ix.340"></a><p class="i2">Is then unjust<a href="#Nt_ix.340">°</a> to each his due to give?</p> +<a name="ix.341"></a><p class="i2">Or let him die, that loatheth living breath?</p> +<a name="ix.342"></a><p>Or let him die at ease, that liveth here uneath?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.343"></a><p>Who travels by the wearie wandring way,<a href="#Nt_ix.xxxix">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.344"></a><p class="i2">To come unto his wished home in haste,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="ix.345"></a><p class="i2">And meetes a flood, that doth his passage stay,</p> +<a name="ix.346"></a><p class="i2">Is not great grace to helpe him over past,</p> +<a name="ix.347"></a><p class="i2">Or free his feet that in the myre sticke fast?</p> +<a name="ix.348"></a><p class="i2">Most envious man, that grieves at neighbours good,</p> +<a name="ix.349"></a><p class="i2">And fond, that joyest in the woe thou hast,</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="ix.350"></a><p class="i2">Why wilt not let him passe, that long hath stood</p> +<a name="ix.351"></a><p>Upon the banke, yet wilt thy selfe not passe the flood?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.352"></a><p>He there does now enjoy eternall rest</p> +<a name="ix.353"></a><p class="i2">And happy ease, which thou dost want and crave,</p> +<a name="ix.354"></a><p class="i2">And further from it daily wanderest:</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="ix.355"></a><p class="i2">What if some little paine the passage have,</p> +<a name="ix.356"></a><p class="i2">That makes fraile flesh to feare the bitter wave?</p> +<a name="ix.357"></a><p class="i2">Is not short paine well borne, that brings long ease,</p> +<a name="ix.358"></a><p class="i2">And layes the soule to sleepe in quiet grave?</p> +<a name="ix.359"></a><p class="i2">Sleepe after toyle, port after stormie seas,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="ix.360"></a><p>Ease after warre, death after life does greatly please.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.361"></a><p>The knight much wondred at his suddeine wit,<a href="#Nt_ix.xli">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.362"></a><p class="i2">And said, The terme of life is limited,</p> +<a name="ix.363"></a><p class="i2">Ne may a man prolong, nor shorten it;</p> +<a name="ix.364"></a><p class="i2">The souldier may not move from watchfull sted,</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="ix.365"></a><p class="i2">Nor leave his stand, untill his Captaine bed.</p> +<a name="ix.366"></a><p class="i2">Who life did limit by almightie doome</p> +<a name="ix.367"></a><p class="i2">(Quoth he)<a href="#Nt_ix.367">°</a> knowes best the termes established;</p> +<a name="ix.368"></a><p class="i2">And he, that points the Centonell his roome,</p> +<a name="ix.369"></a><p>Doth license him depart at sound of morning droome.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="ix.370"></a><p>Is not his deed, what ever thing is donne</p> +<a name="ix.371"></a><p class="i2">In heaven and earth? did not he all create</p> +<a name="ix.372"></a><p class="i2">To die againe? all ends that was begonne.</p> +<a name="ix.373"></a><p class="i2">Their times in his eternall booke of fate</p> +<a name="ix.374"></a><p class="i2">Are written sure, and have their certaine date.</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="ix.375"></a><p class="i2">Who then can strive with strong necessitie,</p> +<a name="ix.376"></a><p class="i2">That holds the world in his still chaunging state,</p> +<a name="ix.377"></a><p class="i2">Or shunne the death ordaynd by destinie?</p> +<a name="ix.378"></a><p>When houre of death is come, let none aske whence, nor why.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.379"></a><p>The lenger life, I wote the greater sin,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="ix.380"></a><p class="i2">The greater sin, the greater punishment:</p> +<a name="ix.381"></a><p class="i2">All those great battels, which thou boasts to win,</p> +<a name="ix.382"></a><p class="i2">Through strife, and blood-shed, and avengement,</p> +<a name="ix.383"></a><p class="i2">Now praysd, hereafter deare thou shalt repent:</p> +<a name="ix.384"></a><p class="i2">For life must life, and blood must blood repay.</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="ix.385"></a><p class="i2">Is not enough thy evill life forespent?</p> +<a name="ix.386"></a><p class="i2">For he that once hath missed the right way,</p> +<a name="ix.387"></a><p>The further he doth goe, the further he doth stray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.388"></a><p>Then do no further goe, no further stray,</p> +<a name="ix.389"></a><p class="i2">But here lie downe, and to thy rest betake,</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="ix.390"></a><p class="i2">Th' ill to prevent, that life ensewen may.</p> +<a name="ix.391"></a><p class="i2">For what hath life, that may it loved make,</p> +<a name="ix.392"></a><p class="i2">And gives not rather cause it to forsake?</p> +<a name="ix.393"></a><p class="i2">Feare, sicknesse, age, losse, labour, sorrow, strife,</p> +<a name="ix.394"></a><p class="i2">Paine, hunger, cold, that makes the hart to quake;</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="ix.395"></a><p class="i2">And ever fickle fortune rageth rife,</p> +<a name="ix.396"></a><p>All which, and thousands mo do make a loathsome life.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.397"></a><p>Thou wretched man, of death hast greatest need,</p> +<a name="ix.398"></a><p class="i2">If in true ballance thou wilt weigh thy state:</p> +<a name="ix.399"></a><p class="i2">For never knight, that dared warlike deede,</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="ix.400"></a><p class="i2">More lucklesse disaventures did amate:</p> +<a name="ix.401"></a><p class="i2">Witnesse the dungeon deepe, wherein of late</p> +<a name="ix.402"></a><p class="i2">Thy life shut up, for death so oft did call;</p> +<a name="ix.403"></a><p class="i2">And though good lucke prolonged hath thy date,<a href="#Nt_ix.403">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.404"></a><p class="i2">Yet death then would the like mishaps forestall,</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="ix.405"></a><p>Into the which hereafter thou maiest happen fall.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.406"></a><p>Why then doest thou, O man of sin, desire</p> +<a name="ix.407"></a><p class="i2">To draw thy dayes forth to their last degree?</p> +<a name="ix.408"></a><p class="i2">Is not the measure of thy sinfull hire<a href="#Nt_ix.408">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.409"></a><p class="i2">High heaped up with huge iniquitie,</p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="ix.410"></a><p class="i2">Against the day of wrath, to burden thee?</p> +<a name="ix.411"></a><p class="i2">Is not enough, that to this Ladie milde</p> +<a name="ix.412"></a><p class="i2">Thou falsed hast thy faith with perjurie,</p> +<a name="ix.413"></a><p class="i2">And sold thy selfe to serve Duessa vilde,</p> +<a name="ix.414"></a><p>With whom in all abuse thou hast thy selfe defilde?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="ix.415"></a><p>Is not he just, that all this doth behold</p> +<a name="ix.416"></a><p class="i2">From highest heaven, and beares an equall eye?</p> +<a name="ix.417"></a><p class="i2">Shall he thy sins up in his knowledge fold,</p> +<a name="ix.418"></a><p class="i2">And guilty be of thine impietie?</p> +<a name="ix.419"></a><p class="i2">Is not his law, Let every sinner die:</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="ix.420"></a><p class="i2">Die shall all flesh? what then must needs be donne,</p> +<a name="ix.421"></a><p class="i2">Is it not better to doe willinglie,</p> +<a name="ix.422"></a><p class="i2">Then linger, till the glasse be all out ronne?</p> +<a name="ix.423"></a><p>Death is the end of woes: die soone, O faeries sonne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.424"></a><p>The knight was much enmoved with his speach,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="ix.425"></a><p class="i2">That as a swords point through his hart did perse,</p> +<a name="ix.426"></a><p class="i2">And in his conscience made a secret breach,</p> +<a name="ix.427"></a><p class="i2">Well knowing true all that he did reherse,</p> +<a name="ix.428"></a><p class="i2">And to his fresh remembraunce did reverse</p> +<a name="ix.429"></a><p class="i2">The ugly vew of his deformed crimes,</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="ix.430"></a><p class="i2">That all his manly powres it did disperse,</p> +<a name="ix.431"></a><p class="i2">As he were charmed<a href="#Nt_ix.431">°</a> with inchaunted rimes,</p> +<a name="ix.432"></a><p>That oftentimes he quakt, and fainted oftentimes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.xlix"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.433"></a><p>In which amazement, when the Miscreant</p> +<a name="ix.434"></a><p class="i2">Perceived him to waver weake and fraile,</p> +<span class="linenum">435</span> +<a name="ix.435"></a><p class="i2">Whiles trembling horror did his conscience dant,</p> +<a name="ix.436"></a><p class="i2">And hellish anguish did his soule assaile,</p> +<a name="ix.437"></a><p class="i2">To drive him to despaire, and quite to quaile,</p> +<a name="ix.438"></a><p class="i2">He shew'd him painted in a table<a href="#Nt_ix.438">°</a> plaine,</p> +<a name="ix.439"></a><p class="i2">The damned ghosts, that doe in torments waile,</p> +<span class="linenum">440</span> +<a name="ix.440"></a><p class="i2">And thousand feends that doe them endlesse paine</p> +<a name="ix.441"></a><p>With fire and brimstone, which for ever shall remaine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.l"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.442"></a><p>The sight whereof so throughly him dismaid,</p> +<a name="ix.443"></a><p class="i2">That nought but death before his eyes he saw,</p> +<a name="ix.444"></a><p class="i2">And ever burning wrath before him laid,</p> +<span class="linenum">445</span> +<a name="ix.445"></a><p class="i2">By righteous sentence of th' Almighties law.</p> +<a name="ix.446"></a><p class="i2">Then gan the villein him to overcraw,</p> +<a name="ix.447"></a><p class="i2">And brought unto him swords, ropes, poison, fire,</p> +<a name="ix.448"></a><p class="i2">And all that might him to perdition draw;</p> +<a name="ix.449"></a><p class="i2">And bad him choose, what death he would desire:</p> +<span class="linenum">450</span> +<a name="ix.450"></a><p>For death was due to him, that had provokt Gods ire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.li"></a><p class="i20">LI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.451"></a><p>But when as none of them he saw him take,</p> +<a name="ix.452"></a><p class="i2">He to him raught a dagger sharpe and keene,</p> +<a name="ix.453"></a><p class="i2">And gave it him in hand: his hand did quake,</p> +<a name="ix.454"></a><p class="i2">And tremble like a leafe of Aspin greene,</p> +<span class="linenum">455</span> +<a name="ix.455"></a><p class="i2">And troubled bloud through his pale face was seene</p> +<a name="ix.456"></a><p class="i2">To come, and goe with tidings from the heart,</p> +<a name="ix.457"></a><p class="i2">As it a running messenger had beene.</p> +<a name="ix.458"></a><p class="i2">At last resolv'd to worke his finall smart,</p> +<a name="ix.459"></a><p>He lifted up his hand, that backe againe did start.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.lii"></a><p class="i20">LII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">460</span> +<a name="ix.460"></a><p>Which whenas Una saw, through every vaine</p> +<a name="ix.461"></a><p class="i2">The crudled cold ran to her well of life,</p> +<a name="ix.462"></a><p class="i2">As in a swowne: but soone reliv'd againe,</p> +<a name="ix.463"></a><p class="i2">Out of his hand she snatcht the cursed knife,</p> +<a name="ix.464"></a><p class="i2">And threw it to the ground, enraged rife,</p> +<span class="linenum">465</span> +<a name="ix.465"></a><p class="i2">And to him said, Fie, fie, faint harted knight,</p> +<a name="ix.466"></a><p class="i2">What meanest thou by this reprochfull strife?</p> +<a name="ix.467"></a><p class="i2">Is this the battell, which thou vauntst to fight</p> +<a name="ix.468"></a><p>With that fire-mouthed Dragon,<a href="#Nt_ix.468">°</a> horrible and bright?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.liii"></a><p class="i20">LIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.469"></a><p>Come, come away, fraile, seely, fleshly wight,</p> +<span class="linenum">470</span> +<a name="ix.470"></a><p class="i2">Ne let vaine words bewitch thy manly hart,</p> +<a name="ix.471"></a><p class="i2">Ne divelish thoughts dismay thy constant spright.</p> +<a name="ix.472"></a><p class="i2">In heavenly mercies hast thou not a part?</p> +<a name="ix.473"></a><p class="i2">Why shouldst thou then despeire, that chosen art?<a href="#Nt_ix.473">°</a></p> +<a name="ix.474"></a><p class="i2">Where justice growes, there grows eke greater grace,</p> +<span class="linenum">475</span> +<a name="ix.475"></a><p class="i2">The which doth quench the brond of hellish smart,</p> +<a name="ix.476"></a><p class="i2">And that accurst hand-writing<a href="#Nt_ix.476">°</a> doth deface.</p> +<a name="ix.477"></a><p>Arise, Sir knight, arise, and leave this cursed place.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="ix.liv"></a><p class="i20">LIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="ix.478"></a><p>So up he rose, and thence amounted streight.</p> +<a name="ix.479"></a><p class="i2">Which when the carle beheld, and saw his guest</p> +<span class="linenum">480</span> +<a name="ix.480"></a><p class="i2">Would safe depart for all his subtill sleight,</p> +<a name="ix.481"></a><p class="i2">He chose an halter from among the rest,</p> +<a name="ix.482"></a><p class="i2">And with it hung himselfe, unbid unblest.</p> +<a name="ix.483"></a><p class="i2">But death he could not worke himselfe thereby;</p> +<a name="ix.484"></a><p class="i2">For thousand times he so himselfe had drest,</p> +<span class="linenum">485</span> +<a name="ix.485"></a><p class="i2">Yet nathelesse it could not doe him die,</p> +<a name="ix.486"></a><p>Till he should die his last, that is, eternally.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_X"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO X</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">Her faithfull knight faire Una brings</p> +<p class="z10">to house of Holinesse,</p> +<p class="z8">Where he is taught repentance, and</p> +<p class="z10">the way to heavenly blesse.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.1"></a><p>WHAT man is he, that boasts of fleshly might</p> +<a name="x.2"></a><p class="i2">And vaine assurance of mortality,</p> +<a name="x.3"></a><p class="i2">Which all so soone as it doth come to fight</p> +<a name="x.4"></a><p class="i2">Against spirituall foes, yeelds by and by,</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="x.5"></a><p class="i2">Or from the field most cowardly doth fly?</p> +<a name="x.6"></a><p class="i2">Ne let the man ascribe it to his skill,</p> +<a name="x.7"></a><p class="i2">That thorough grace hath gained victory.</p> +<a name="x.8"></a><p class="i2">If any strength we have, it is to ill,</p> +<a name="x.9"></a><p>But all the good is Gods, both power and eke will.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="x.10"></a><p>But that, which lately hapned, Una saw,</p> +<a name="x.11"></a><p class="i2">That this her knight was feeble, and too faint;</p> +<a name="x.12"></a><p class="i2">And all his sinews woxen weake and raw,</p> +<a name="x.13"></a><p class="i2">Through long enprisonment, and hard constraint,</p> +<a name="x.14"></a><p class="i2">Which he endured in his late restraint,</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="x.15"></a><p class="i2">That yet he was unfit for bloudy fight:</p> +<a name="x.16"></a><p class="i2">Therefore to cherish him with diets daint,</p> +<a name="x.17"></a><p class="i2">She cast to bring him, where he chearen might.</p> +<a name="x.18"></a><p>Till he recovered had his late decayed plight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.19"></a><p>There was an auntient house<a href="#Nt_x.19">°</a> not farre away,</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="x.20"></a><p class="i2">Renowmd throughout the world for sacred lore,</p> +<a name="x.21"></a><p class="i2">And pure unspotted life: so well they say</p> +<a name="x.22"></a><p class="i2">It governd was, and guided evermore,</p> +<a name="x.23"></a><p class="i2">Through wisedome of a matrone grave and hore</p> +<a name="x.24"></a><p class="i2">Whose onely joy was to relieve the needes</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="x.25"></a><p class="i2">Of wretched soules, and helpe the helpelesse pore:</p> +<a name="x.26"></a><p class="i2">All night she spent in bidding of her bedes,</p> +<a name="x.27"></a><p>And all the day in doing good and godly deedes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.28"></a><p>Dame Cœlia<a href="#Nt_x.28">°</a> men did her call, as thought</p> +<a name="x.29"></a><p class="i2">From heaven to come, or thither to arise,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="x.30"></a><p class="i2">The mother of three daughters, well upbrought</p> +<a name="x.31"></a><p class="i2">In goodly thewes, and godly exercise:</p> +<a name="x.32"></a><p class="i2">The eldest two, most sober, chast, and wise,</p> +<a name="x.33"></a><p class="i2">Fidelia<a href="#Nt_x.33">°</a> and Speranza virgins were,</p> +<a name="x.34"></a><p class="i2">Though spousd, yet wanting wedlocks solemnize:</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="x.35"></a><p class="i2">But faire Charissa<a href="#Nt_x.35">°</a> to a lovely fere</p> +<a name="x.36"></a><p>Was lincked, and by him had many pledges dere.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.37"></a><p>Arrived there, the dore they find fast lockt;</p> +<a name="x.38"></a><p class="i2">For it was warely watched night and day,</p> +<a name="x.39"></a><p class="i2">For feare of many foes: but when they knockt,</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="x.40"></a><p class="i2">The Porter opened unto them streight way:</p> +<a name="x.41"></a><p class="i2">He was an aged syre, all hory gray,</p> +<a name="x.42"></a><p class="i2">With lookes full lowly cast, and gate full slow,</p> +<a name="x.43"></a><p class="i2">Wont on a staffe his feeble steps to stay,</p> +<a name="x.44"></a><p class="i2">Hight Humiltą.<a href="#Nt_x.44">°</a> They passe in stouping low;</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="x.45"></a><p>For streight and narrow was the way which he did show.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.46"></a><p>Each goodly thing is hardest to begin,</p> +<a name="x.47"></a><p class="i2">But entred in a spacious court they see,</p> +<a name="x.48"></a><p class="i2">Both plaine, and pleasant to be walked in,</p> +<a name="x.49"></a><p class="i2">Where them does meete a francklin faire and free,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="x.50"></a><p class="i2">And entertaines with comely courteous glee,</p> +<a name="x.51"></a><p class="i2">His name was Zele, that him right well became,</p> +<a name="x.52"></a><p class="i2">For in his speeches and behaviour hee</p> +<a name="x.53"></a><p class="i2">Did labour lively to expresse the same,</p> +<a name="x.54"></a><p>And gladly did them guide, till to the Hall they came.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="x.55"></a><p>There fairely them receives a gentle Squire,</p> +<a name="x.56"></a><p class="i2">Of milde demeanure, and rare courtesie,</p> +<a name="x.57"></a><p class="i2">Right cleanly clad in comely sad attire;</p> +<a name="x.58"></a><p class="i2">In word and deede that shew'd great modestie,</p> +<a name="x.59"></a><p class="i2">And knew his good<a href="#Nt_x.59">°</a> to all of each degree,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="x.60"></a><p class="i2">Hight Reverence. He them with speeches meet</p> +<a name="x.61"></a><p class="i2">Does faire entreat; no courting nicetie,</p> +<a name="x.62"></a><p class="i2">But simple true, and eke unfained sweet,</p> +<a name="x.63"></a><p>As might become a Squire so great persons to greet.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.64"></a><p>And afterwards them to his Dame he leades,</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="x.65"></a><p class="i2">That aged Dame, the Ladie of the place:</p> +<a name="x.66"></a><p class="i2">Who all this while was busy at her beades:</p> +<a name="x.67"></a><p class="i2">Which doen, she up arose with seemely grace,</p> +<a name="x.68"></a><p class="i2">And toward them full matronely did pace.</p> +<a name="x.69"></a><p class="i2">Where when that fairest Una she beheld,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="x.70"></a><p class="i2">Whom well she knew to spring from heavenly race,</p> +<a name="x.71"></a><p class="i2">Her hart with joy unwonted inly sweld,</p> +<a name="x.72"></a><p>As feeling wondrous comfort in her weaker eld.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.73"></a><p>And her embracing said, O happie earth,</p> +<a name="x.74"></a><p class="i2">Whereon thy innocent feet doe ever tread,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="x.75"></a><p class="i2">Most vertuous virgin borne of heavenly berth,</p> +<a name="x.76"></a><p class="i2">That, to redeeme thy woefull parents head,</p> +<a name="x.77"></a><p class="i2">From tyrans rage, and ever dying dread,<a href="#Nt_x.77">°</a></p> +<a name="x.78"></a><p class="i2">Hast wandred through the world now long a day;<a href="#Nt_x.78">°</a></p> +<a name="x.79"></a><p class="i2">Yet ceasest not thy weary soles to lead,<a href="#Nt_x.79">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="x.80"></a><p class="i2">What grace hath thee now hither brought this way?</p> +<a name="x.81"></a><p>Or doen thy feeble feet unweeting hither stray?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.82"></a><p>Strange thing it is an errant knight to see</p> +<a name="x.83"></a><p class="i2">Here in this place, or any other wight,</p> +<a name="x.84"></a><p class="i2">That hither turnes his steps. So few there bee</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="x.85"></a><p class="i2">That chose the narrow path, or seeke the right:</p> +<a name="x.86"></a><p class="i2">All keepe the broad high way, and take delight</p> +<a name="x.87"></a><p class="i2">With many rather for to go astray,</p> +<a name="x.88"></a><p class="i2">And be partakers of their evill plight,</p> +<a name="x.89"></a><p class="i2">Then with a few to walke the rightest way;</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="x.90"></a><p>O foolish men, why haste ye to your owne decay?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.91"></a><p>Thy selfe to see, and tyred limbes to rest,</p> +<a name="x.92"></a><p class="i2">O matrone sage (quoth she) I hither came;</p> +<a name="x.93"></a><p class="i2">And this good knight his way with me addrest,</p> +<a name="x.94"></a><p class="i2">Led with thy prayses and broad-blazed fame,</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="x.95"></a><p class="i2">That up to heaven is blowne. The auncient Dame</p> +<a name="x.96"></a><p class="i2">Him goodly greeted in her modest guise,</p> +<a name="x.97"></a><p class="i2">And entertaynd them both, as best became,</p> +<a name="x.98"></a><p class="i2">With all the court'sies that she could devise,</p> +<a name="x.99"></a><p>Ne wanted ought, to shew her bounteous or wise.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="x.100"></a><p>Thus as they gan of sundry things devise,</p> +<a name="x.101"></a><p class="i2">Loe two most goodly virgins came in place,</p> +<a name="x.102"></a><p class="i2">Ylinked arme in arme in lovely wise,</p> +<a name="x.103"></a><p class="i2">With countenance demure, and modest grace,</p> +<a name="x.104"></a><p class="i2">They numbred even steps and equall pace:</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="x.105"></a><p class="i2">Of which the eldest, that Fidelia hight,</p> +<a name="x.106"></a><p class="i2">Like sunny beames threw from her christall face,</p> +<a name="x.107"></a><p class="i2">That could have dazd the rash beholders sight,</p> +<a name="x.108"></a><p>And round about her head did shine like heavens light.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.109"></a><p>She was araied all in lilly white,<a href="#Nt_x.xiii">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="x.110"></a><p class="i2">And in her right hand bore a cup of gold,</p> +<a name="x.111"></a><p class="i2">With wine and water fild up to the hight,</p> +<a name="x.112"></a><p class="i2">In which a Serpent did himselfe enfold,</p> +<a name="x.113"></a><p class="i2">That horrour made to all that did behold;</p> +<a name="x.114"></a><p class="i2">But she no whit did chaunge her constant mood:</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="x.115"></a><p class="i2">And in her other hand she fast did hold</p> +<a name="x.116"></a><p class="i2">A booke, that was both signd and seald with blood:</p> +<a name="x.117"></a><p>Wherin darke things were writ, hard to be understood.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.118"></a><p>Her younger sister, that Speranza hight,</p> +<a name="x.119"></a><p class="i2">Was clad in blew, that her beseemed well;</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="x.120"></a><p class="i2">Not all so chearefull seemed she of sight,</p> +<a name="x.121"></a><p class="i2">As was her sister; whether dread did dwell,</p> +<a name="x.122"></a><p class="i2">Or anguish in her hart, is hard to tell:</p> +<a name="x.123"></a><p class="i2">Upon her arme a silver anchor lay,</p> +<a name="x.124"></a><p class="i2">Whereon she leaned ever, as befell:</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="x.125"></a><p class="i2">And ever up to heaven, as she did pray,</p> +<a name="x.126"></a><p>Her stedfast eyes were bent, ne swarved other way.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.127"></a><p>They seeing Una, towards her gan wend,</p> +<a name="x.128"></a><p class="i2">Who them encounters with like courtesie;</p> +<a name="x.129"></a><p class="i2">Many kind speeches they betwene them spend,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="x.130"></a><p class="i2">And greatly joy each other well to see:</p> +<a name="x.131"></a><p class="i2">Then to the knight with shamefast modestie</p> +<a name="x.132"></a><p class="i2">They turne themselves, at Unaes meeke request,</p> +<a name="x.133"></a><p class="i2">And him salute with well beseeming glee;</p> +<a name="x.134"></a><p class="i2">Who faire them quites, as him beseemed best,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="x.135"></a><p>And goodly gan discourse of many a noble gest.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.136"></a><p>Then Una thus; But she your sister deare,</p> +<a name="x.137"></a><p class="i2">The deare Charissa where is she become?</p> +<a name="x.138"></a><p class="i2">Or wants she health, or busie is elsewhere?</p> +<a name="x.139"></a><p class="i2">Ah no, said they, but forth she may not come:</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="x.140"></a><p class="i2">For she of late is lightned of her wombe,</p> +<a name="x.141"></a><p class="i2">And hath encreast the world with one sonne more,</p> +<a name="x.142"></a><p class="i2">That her to see should be but troublesome.</p> +<a name="x.143"></a><p class="i2">Indeed (quoth she) that should be trouble sore;</p> +<a name="x.144"></a><p>But thankt be God, and her encrease<a href="#Nt_x.144">°</a> so evermore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="x.145"></a><p>Then said the aged Cœlia, Deare dame,</p> +<a name="x.146"></a><p class="i2">And you good Sir, I wote that of youre toyle,</p> +<a name="x.147"></a><p class="i2">And labours long, through which ye hither came,</p> +<a name="x.148"></a><p class="i2">Ye both forwearied be: therefore a whyle</p> +<a name="x.149"></a><p class="i2">I read you rest, and to your bowres recoyle.</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="x.150"></a><p class="i2">Then called she a Groome, that forth him led</p> +<a name="x.151"></a><p class="i2">Into a goodly lodge, and gan despoile</p> +<a name="x.152"></a><p class="i2">Of puissant armes, and laid in easie bed;</p> +<a name="x.153"></a><p>His name was meeke Obedience rightfully ared.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.154"></a><p>Now when their wearie limbes with kindly rest,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="x.155"></a><p class="i2">And bodies were refresht with due repast,</p> +<a name="x.156"></a><p class="i2">Faire Una gan Fidelia faire request,</p> +<a name="x.157"></a><p class="i2">To have her knight into her schoolehouse plaste,</p> +<a name="x.158"></a><p class="i2">That of her heavenly learning he might taste,</p> +<a name="x.159"></a><p class="i2">And heare the wisedom of her words divine.</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="x.160"></a><p class="i2">She graunted, and that knight so much agraste,</p> +<a name="x.161"></a><p class="i2">That she him taught celestiall discipline,</p> +<a name="x.162"></a><p>And opened his dull eyes, that light mote in them shine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.163"></a><p>And that her sacred Booke, with blood ywrit,</p> +<a name="x.164"></a><p class="i2">That none could read, except she did them teach,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="x.165"></a><p class="i2">She unto him disclosed every whit,</p> +<a name="x.166"></a><p class="i2">And heavenly documents thereout did preach,</p> +<a name="x.167"></a><p class="i2">That weaker wit of man could never reach,</p> +<a name="x.168"></a><p class="i2">Of God, of grace, of justice, of free will,</p> +<a name="x.169"></a><p class="i2">That wonder was to heare her goodly speach:</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="x.170"></a><p class="i2">For she was able with her words to kill,</p> +<a name="x.171"></a><p>And raise againe to life the hart that she did thrill.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.172"></a><p>And when she list<a href="#Nt_x.172">°</a> poure out her larger spright,</p> +<a name="x.173"></a><p class="i2">She would commaund the hastie Sunne to stay,</p> +<a name="x.174"></a><p class="i2">Or backward turne his course from heavens hight;</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="x.175"></a><p class="i2">Sometimes great hostes of men she could dismay;</p> +<a name="x.176"></a><p class="i2">[Dry-shod to passe she parts the flouds in tway;<a href="#Nt_x.176">°</a>]</p> +<a name="x.177"></a><p class="i2">And eke huge mountaines from their native seat</p> +<a name="x.178"></a><p class="i2">She would commaund, themselves to beare away,</p> +<a name="x.179"></a><p class="i2">And throw in raging sea with roaring threat.</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="x.180"></a><p>Almightie God her gave such powre, and puissaunce great.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.181"></a><p>The faithfull knight now grew in litle space,</p> +<a name="x.182"></a><p class="i2">By hearing her, and by her sisters lore,</p> +<a name="x.183"></a><p class="i2">To such perfection of all heavenly grace,</p> +<a name="x.184"></a><p class="i2">That wretched world he gan for to abhore,</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="x.185"></a><p class="i2">And mortall life gan loath, as thing forlore,</p> +<a name="x.186"></a><p class="i2">Greevd with remembrance of his wicked wayes,</p> +<a name="x.187"></a><p class="i2">And prickt with anguish of his sinnes so sore,</p> +<a name="x.188"></a><p class="i2">That he desirde to end his wretched dayes:</p> +<a name="x.189"></a><p>So much the dart of sinfull guilt the soule dismayes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="x.190"></a><p>But wise Speranza gave him comfort sweet,</p> +<a name="x.191"></a><p class="i2">And taught him how to take assured hold</p> +<a name="x.192"></a><p class="i2">Upon her silver anchor, as was meet;</p> +<a name="x.193"></a><p class="i2">Else had his sinnes so great and manifold</p> +<a name="x.194"></a><p class="i2">Made him forget all that Fidelia told.</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="x.195"></a><p class="i2">In this distressed doubtfull agonie,</p> +<a name="x.196"></a><p class="i2">When him his dearest Una did behold,</p> +<a name="x.197"></a><p class="i2">Disdeining life, desiring leave to die,</p> +<a name="x.198"></a><p>She found her selfe assayld with great perplexitie.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.199"></a><p>And came to Cœlia to declare her smart,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="x.200"></a><p class="i2">Who well acquainted with that commune plight,</p> +<a name="x.201"></a><p class="i2">Which sinfull horror workes in wounded hart,</p> +<a name="x.202"></a><p class="i2">Her wisely comforted all that she might,</p> +<a name="x.203"></a><p class="i2">With goodly counsell and advisement right;</p> +<a name="x.204"></a><p class="i2">And streightway sent with carefull diligence,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="x.205"></a><p class="i2">To fetch a Leach, the which had great insight</p> +<a name="x.206"></a><p class="i2">In that disease of grieved conscience,</p> +<a name="x.207"></a><p>And well could cure the same; his name was Patience.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.208"></a><p>Who comming to that soule-diseased knight,</p> +<a name="x.209"></a><p class="i2">Could hardly him intreat<a href="#Nt_x.209">°</a> to tell his griefe:</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="x.210"></a><p class="i2">Which knowne, and all that noyd his heavie spright</p> +<a name="x.211"></a><p class="i2">Well searcht, eftsoones he gan apply relief</p> +<a name="x.212"></a><p class="i2">Of salves and med'cines, which had passing priefe,</p> +<a name="x.213"></a><p class="i2">And thereto added words of wondrous might;<a href="#Nt_x.213">°</a></p> +<a name="x.214"></a><p class="i2">By which to ease he him recured briefe,</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="x.215"></a><p class="i2">And much aswag'd the passion of his plight,<a href="#Nt_x.215">°</a></p> +<a name="x.216"></a><p>That he his paine endur'd, as seeming now more light.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.217"></a><p>But yet the cause and root of all his ill,</p> +<a name="x.218"></a><p class="i2">Inward corruption and infected sin,</p> +<a name="x.219"></a><p class="i2">Not purg'd nor heald, behind remained still,</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="x.220"></a><p class="i2">And festring sore did rankle yet within,</p> +<a name="x.221"></a><p class="i2">Close creeping twixt the marrow and the skin.</p> +<a name="x.222"></a><p class="i2">Which to extirpe, he laid him privily</p> +<a name="x.223"></a><p class="i2">Downe in a darkesome lowly place farre in,</p> +<a name="x.224"></a><p class="i2">Whereas he meant his corrosives to apply,</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="x.225"></a><p>And with streight diet tame his stubborne malady.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.226"></a><p>In ashes and sackcloth he did array</p> +<a name="x.227"></a><p class="i2">His daintie corse, proud humors to abate,</p> +<a name="x.228"></a><p class="i2">And dieted with fasting every day,</p> +<a name="x.229"></a><p class="i2">The swelling of his wounds to mitigate,</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="x.230"></a><p class="i2">And made him pray both earely and eke late:</p> +<a name="x.231"></a><p class="i2">And ever as superfluous flesh did rot</p> +<a name="x.232"></a><p class="i2">Amendment readie still at hand did wayt,</p> +<a name="x.233"></a><p class="i2">To pluck it out with pincers firie whot,</p> +<a name="x.234"></a><p>That soone in him was left no one corrupted jot.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="x.235"></a><p>And bitter Penance with an yron whip,</p> +<a name="x.236"></a><p class="i2">Was wont him once to disple every day:</p> +<a name="x.237"></a><p class="i2">And sharpe Remorse his hart did pricke and nip,</p> +<a name="x.238"></a><p class="i2">That drops of blood thence like a well did play:</p> +<a name="x.239"></a><p class="i2">And sad Repentance used to embay</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="x.240"></a><p class="i2">His bodie in salt water smarting sore,</p> +<a name="x.241"></a><p class="i2">The filthy blots of sinne to wash away.</p> +<a name="x.242"></a><p class="i2">So in short space they did to health restore</p> +<a name="x.243"></a><p>The man that would not live, but earst lay at deathes dore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.244"></a><p>In which his torment often was so great,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="x.245"></a><p class="i2">That like a Lyon he would cry and rore,</p> +<a name="x.246"></a><p class="i2">And rend his flesh, and his owne synewes eat.</p> +<a name="x.247"></a><p class="i2">His owne deare Una hearing evermore</p> +<a name="x.248"></a><p class="i2">His ruefull shriekes and gronings, often tore</p> +<a name="x.249"></a><p class="i2">Her guiltlesse garments, and her golden heare,</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="x.250"></a><p class="i2">For pitty of his paine and anguish sore;</p> +<a name="x.251"></a><p class="i2">Yet all with patience wisely she did beare;</p> +<a name="x.252"></a><p>For well she wist his crime could else be never cleare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.253"></a><p>Whom thus recover'd by wise Patience</p> +<a name="x.254"></a><p class="i2">And trew Repentaunce they to Una brought:</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="x.255"></a><p class="i2">Who joyous of his cured conscience,</p> +<a name="x.256"></a><p class="i2">Him dearely kist, and fairely eke besought</p> +<a name="x.257"></a><p class="i2">Himselfe to chearish, and consuming thought</p> +<a name="x.258"></a><p class="i2">To put away out of his carefull brest.</p> +<a name="x.259"></a><p class="i2">By this Charissa, late in child-bed brought,</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="x.260"></a><p class="i2">Was woxen strong, and left her fruitfull nest;</p> +<a name="x.261"></a><p>To her faire Una brought this unacquainted guest.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.262"></a><p>She was a woman in her freshest age,<a href="#Nt_x.xxx">°</a></p> +<a name="x.263"></a><p class="i2">Of wondrous beauty, and of bountie rare,</p> +<a name="x.264"></a><p class="i2">With goodly grace and comely personage,</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="x.265"></a><p class="i2">That was on earth not easie to compare;</p> +<a name="x.266"></a><p class="i2">Full of great love, but Cupid's wanton snare</p> +<a name="x.267"></a><p class="i2">As hell she hated, chast in worke and will;</p> +<a name="x.268"></a><p class="i2">Her necke and breasts were ever open bare,</p> +<a name="x.269"></a><p class="i2">That ay thereof her babes might sucke their fill;</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="x.270"></a><p>The rest was all in yellow robes arayed still.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.271"></a><p>A multitude of babes about her hong,</p> +<a name="x.272"></a><p class="i2">Playing their sports, that joyd her to behold,</p> +<a name="x.273"></a><p class="i2">Whom still she fed, whiles they were weake and young,</p> +<a name="x.274"></a><p class="i2">But thrust them forth still as they wexed old:</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="x.275"></a><p class="i2">And on her head she wore a tyre of gold,</p> +<a name="x.276"></a><p class="i2">Adornd with gemmes and owches wondrous faire,</p> +<a name="x.277"></a><p class="i2">Whose passing price<a href="#Nt_x.277">°</a> uneath was to be told:</p> +<a name="x.278"></a><p class="i2">And by her side there sate a gentle paire</p> +<a name="x.279"></a><p>Of turtle doves, she sitting in an yvorie chaire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="x.280"></a><p>The knight and Una entring faire her greet,</p> +<a name="x.281"></a><p class="i2">And bid her joy of that her happie brood;</p> +<a name="x.282"></a><p class="i2">Who them requites with court'sies seeming meet,</p> +<a name="x.283"></a><p class="i2">And entertaines with friendly chearefull mood.</p> +<a name="x.284"></a><p class="i2">Then Una her besought, to be so good</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="x.285"></a><p class="i2">As in her vertuous rules to schoole her knight,</p> +<a name="x.286"></a><p class="i2">Now after all his torment well withstood,</p> +<a name="x.287"></a><p class="i2">In that sad house of Penaunce, where his spright</p> +<a name="x.288"></a><p>Had past the paines of hell, and long enduring night.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.289"></a><p>She was right joyous of her just request,</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="x.290"></a><p class="i2">And taking by the hand that Faeries sonne,</p> +<a name="x.291"></a><p class="i2">Gan him instruct in every good behest,</p> +<a name="x.292"></a><p class="i2">Of love, and righteousnesse, and well to donne,<a href="#Nt_x.292">°</a></p> +<a name="x.293"></a><p class="i2">And wrath, and hatred warely to shonne,</p> +<a name="x.294"></a><p class="i2">That drew on men Gods hatred and his wrath,</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="x.295"></a><p class="i2">And many soules in dolours had fordonne:</p> +<a name="x.296"></a><p class="i2">In which when him she well instructed hath,</p> +<a name="x.297"></a><p>From thence to heaven she teacheth him the ready path.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.298"></a><p>Wherein his weaker wandring steps to guide,</p> +<a name="x.299"></a><p class="i2">An auncient matrone she to her does call,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="x.300"></a><p class="i2">Whose sober lookes her wisedome well descride:</p> +<a name="x.301"></a><p class="i2">Her name was Mercie, well knowne over all,</p> +<a name="x.302"></a><p class="i2">To be both gratious, and eke liberall:</p> +<a name="x.303"></a><p class="i2">To whom the carefull charge of him she gave,</p> +<a name="x.304"></a><p class="i2">To lead aright, that he should never fall</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="x.305"></a><p class="i2">In all his wayes through this wide worldes wave,</p> +<a name="x.306"></a><p>That Mercy in the end his righteous soule might save.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.307"></a><p>The godly Matrone by the hand him beares</p> +<a name="x.308"></a><p class="i2">Forth from her presence, by a narrow way,</p> +<a name="x.309"></a><p class="i2">Scattred with bushy thornes, and ragged breares,</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="x.310"></a><p class="i2">Which still before him she remov'd away,</p> +<a name="x.311"></a><p class="i2">That nothing might his ready passage stay:</p> +<a name="x.312"></a><p class="i2">And ever when his feet encombred were,</p> +<a name="x.313"></a><p class="i2">Or gan to shrinke, or from the right to stray,</p> +<a name="x.314"></a><p class="i2">She held him fast, and firmely did upbeare,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="x.315"></a><p>As carefull Nourse her child from falling oft does reare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.316"></a><p>Eftsoones unto an holy Hospitall,</p> +<a name="x.317"></a><p class="i2">That was fore by the way, she did him bring,</p> +<a name="x.318"></a><p class="i2">In which seven Bead-men<a href="#Nt_x.318">°</a> that had vowed all</p> +<a name="x.319"></a><p class="i2">Their life to service of high heavens king,</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="x.320"></a><p class="i2">Did spend their dayes in doing godly thing:</p> +<a name="x.321"></a><p class="i2">Their gates to all were open evermore,</p> +<a name="x.322"></a><p class="i2">That by the wearie way were traveiling,</p> +<a name="x.323"></a><p class="i2">And one sate wayting ever them before,</p> +<a name="x.324"></a><p>To call in commers by, that needy were and pore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="x.325"></a><p>The first of them that eldest was, and best,</p> +<a name="x.326"></a><p class="i2">Of all the house had charge and governement,</p> +<a name="x.327"></a><p class="i2">As Guardian and Steward of the rest:</p> +<a name="x.328"></a><p class="i2">His office was to give entertainement</p> +<a name="x.329"></a><p class="i2">And lodging, unto all that came, and went:</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="x.330"></a><p class="i2">Not unto such, as could him feast againe,</p> +<a name="x.331"></a><p class="i2">And double quite, for that he on them spent,</p> +<a name="x.332"></a><p class="i2">But such, as want of harbour did constraine:</p> +<a name="x.333"></a><p>Those for Gods sake his dewty was to entertaine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.334"></a><p>The second was as Almner of the place,</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="x.335"></a><p class="i2">His office was, the hungry for to feed,</p> +<a name="x.336"></a><p class="i2">And thristy give to drinke, a worke of grace:</p> +<a name="x.337"></a><p class="i2">He feard not once him selfe to be in need,</p> +<a name="x.338"></a><p class="i2">Ne car'd to hoord for those whom he did breede:</p> +<a name="x.339"></a><p class="i2">The grace of God he layd up still in store,</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="x.340"></a><p class="i2">Which as a stocke he left unto his seede;</p> +<a name="x.341"></a><p class="i2">He had enough, what need him care for more?</p> +<a name="x.342"></a><p>And had he lesse, yet some he would give to the pore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.343"></a><p>The third had of their wardrobe custodie,</p> +<a name="x.344"></a><p class="i2">In which were not rich tyres, nor garments gay,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="x.345"></a><p class="i2">The plumes of pride, and wings of vanitie,</p> +<a name="x.346"></a><p class="i2">But clothes meet to keepe keene could away,</p> +<a name="x.347"></a><p class="i2">And naked nature seemely to aray;</p> +<a name="x.348"></a><p class="i2">With which bare wretched wights he dayly clad,</p> +<a name="x.349"></a><p class="i2">The images of God in earthly clay;</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="x.350"></a><p class="i2">And if that no spare cloths to give he had,</p> +<a name="x.351"></a><p>His owne coate he would cut, and it distribute glad.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.352"></a><p>The fourth appointed by his office was,</p> +<a name="x.353"></a><p class="i2">Poore prisoners to relieve with gratious ayd,</p> +<a name="x.354"></a><p class="i2">And captives to redeeme with price of bras,<a href="#Nt_x.354">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="x.355"></a><p class="i2">From Turkes<a href="#Nt_x.355">°</a> and Sarazins, which them had stayd,</p> +<a name="x.356"></a><p class="i2">And though they faultie were, yet well he wayd,</p> +<a name="x.357"></a><p class="i2">That God to us forgiveth every howre</p> +<a name="x.358"></a><p class="i2">Much more then that why they in bands were layd,</p> +<a name="x.359"></a><p class="i2">And he that harrowd<a href="#Nt_x.359">°</a> hell with heavie stowre,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="x.360"></a><p>The faultie soules from thence brought to his heavenly bowre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.361"></a><p>The fift had charge sicke persons to attend,</p> +<a name="x.362"></a><p class="i2">And comfort those, in point of death which lay;</p> +<a name="x.363"></a><p class="i2">For them most needeth comfort in the end,</p> +<a name="x.364"></a><p class="i2">When sin, and hell, and death do most dismay</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="x.365"></a><p class="i2">The feeble soule departing hence away.</p> +<a name="x.366"></a><p class="i2">All is but lost, that living we bestow,</p> +<a name="x.367"></a><p class="i2">If not well ended at our dying day.</p> +<a name="x.368"></a><p class="i2">O man have mind of that last bitter throw</p> +<a name="x.369"></a><p>For as the tree does fall, so lyes it ever low.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="x.370"></a><p>The sixt had charge of them now being dead,</p> +<a name="x.371"></a><p class="i2">In seemely sort their corses to engrave,</p> +<a name="x.372"></a><p class="i2">And deck with dainty flowres their bridall bed,</p> +<a name="x.373"></a><p class="i2">That to their heavenly spouse both sweet and brave</p> +<a name="x.374"></a><p class="i2">They might appeare, when he their soules shall save.<a href="#Nt_x.374">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="x.375"></a><p class="i2">The wondrous workmanship of Gods owne mould,</p> +<a name="x.376"></a><p class="i2">Whose face he made all beasts to feare, and gave</p> +<a name="x.377"></a><p class="i2">All in his hand, even dead we honour should.</p> +<a name="x.378"></a><p>Ah dearest God me graunt, I dead be not defould.<a href="#Nt_x.378">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.379"></a><p>The seventh, now after death and buriall done,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="x.380"></a><p class="i2">Had charge the tender orphans of the dead</p> +<a name="x.381"></a><p class="i2">And widowes ayd,<a href="#Nt_x.381">°</a> least they should be undone:</p> +<a name="x.382"></a><p class="i2">In face of judgement<a href="#Nt_x.382">°</a> he their right would plead,</p> +<a name="x.383"></a><p class="i2">Ne ought the powre of mighty men did dread</p> +<a name="x.384"></a><p class="i2">In their defence, nor would for gold or fee</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="x.385"></a><p class="i2">Be wonne their rightfull causes downe to tread:</p> +<a name="x.386"></a><p class="i2">And, when they stood in most necessitee,</p> +<a name="x.387"></a><p>He did supply their want, and gave them ever free.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.388"></a><p>There when the Elfin knight arrived was,</p> +<a name="x.389"></a><p class="i2">The first and chiefest of the seven, whose care</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="x.390"></a><p class="i2">Was guests to welcome, towardes him did pas:</p> +<a name="x.391"></a><p class="i2">Where seeing Mercie, that his steps upbare,</p> +<a name="x.392"></a><p class="i2">And alwayes led, to her with reverence rare</p> +<a name="x.393"></a><p class="i2">He humbly louted in meeke lowlinesse,</p> +<a name="x.394"></a><p class="i2">And seemely welcome for her did prepare:</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="x.395"></a><p class="i2">For of their order she was Patronesse,</p> +<a name="x.396"></a><p>Albe Charissa were their chiefest founderesse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.397"></a><p>There she awhile him stayes, him selfe to rest,</p> +<a name="x.398"></a><p class="i2">That to the rest more able he might bee:</p> +<a name="x.399"></a><p class="i2">During which time, in every good behest</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="x.400"></a><p class="i2">And godly worke of almes and charitee,</p> +<a name="x.401"></a><p class="i2">She him instructed with great industree;</p> +<a name="x.402"></a><p class="i2">Shortly therein so perfect he became,</p> +<a name="x.403"></a><p class="i2">That from the first unto the last degree,</p> +<a name="x.404"></a><p class="i2">His mortall life he learned had to frame</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="x.405"></a><p>In holy righteousnesse, without rebuke or blame.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.406"></a><p>Thence forward by that painfull way they pas,</p> +<a name="x.407"></a><p class="i2">Forth to an hill, that was both steepe and hy;</p> +<a name="x.408"></a><p class="i2">On top whereof a sacred chappell was,</p> +<a name="x.409"></a><p class="i2">And eke a little Hermitage thereby,</p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="x.410"></a><p class="i2">Wherein an aged holy man did lye,</p> +<a name="x.411"></a><p class="i2">That day and night said his devotion,</p> +<a name="x.412"></a><p class="i2">Ne other worldly busines did apply;</p> +<a name="x.413"></a><p class="i2">His name was heavenly Contemplation;</p> +<a name="x.414"></a><p>Of God and goodnesse was his meditation.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="x.415"></a><p>Great grace that old man to him given had;</p> +<a name="x.416"></a><p class="i2">For God he often saw from heavens hight,</p> +<a name="x.417"></a><p class="i2">All were his earthly eyen both blunt and bad,</p> +<a name="x.418"></a><p class="i2">And through great age had lost their kindly sight,</p> +<a name="x.419"></a><p class="i2">Yet wondrous quick and persant was his spright,</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="x.420"></a><p class="i2">As Eagles eye, that can behold the Sunne:</p> +<a name="x.421"></a><p class="i2">That hill they scale with all their powre and might,</p> +<a name="x.422"></a><p class="i2">That his<a href="#Nt_x.422">°</a> fraile thighes nigh weary and fordonne</p> +<a name="x.423"></a><p>Gan faile, but by her<a href="#Nt_x.422">°</a> helpe the top at last he wonne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.424"></a><p>There they do finde that godly aged Sire,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="x.425"></a><p class="i2">With snowy lockes adowne his shoulders shed,</p> +<a name="x.426"></a><p class="i2">As hoarie frost with spangles doth attire</p> +<a name="x.427"></a><p class="i2">The mossy braunches of an Oke halfe ded.</p> +<a name="x.428"></a><p class="i2">Each bone might through his body well be red,</p> +<a name="x.429"></a><p class="i2">And every sinew seene through his long fast:</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="x.430"></a><p class="i2">For nought he car'd<a href="#Nt_x.430">°</a> his carcas long unfed;</p> +<a name="x.431"></a><p class="i2">His mind was full of spirituall repast,</p> +<a name="x.432"></a><p>And pyn'd his flesh, to keepe his body low and chast.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.xlix"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.433"></a><p>Who when these two approaching he aspide,</p> +<a name="x.434"></a><p class="i2">At their first presence grew agrieved sore,</p> +<span class="linenum">435</span> +<a name="x.435"></a><p class="i2">That forst him lay his heavenly thoughts aside;</p> +<a name="x.436"></a><p class="i2">And had he not that Dame respected more,</p> +<a name="x.437"></a><p class="i2">Whom highly he did reverence and adore,</p> +<a name="x.438"></a><p class="i2">He would not once have moved for the knight.</p> +<a name="x.439"></a><p class="i2">They him saluted, standing far afore;</p> +<span class="linenum">440</span> +<a name="x.440"></a><p class="i2">Who well them greeting, humbly did requight,</p> +<a name="x.441"></a><p>And asked, to what end they clomb that tedious height.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.l"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.442"></a><p>What end (quoth she) should cause us take such paine,</p> +<a name="x.443"></a><p class="i2">But that same end which every living wight</p> +<a name="x.444"></a><p class="i2">Should make his marke, high heaven to attaine?</p> +<span class="linenum">445</span> +<a name="x.445"></a><p class="i2">Is not from hence the way, that leadeth right</p> +<a name="x.446"></a><p class="i2">To that most glorious house that glistreth bright</p> +<a name="x.447"></a><p class="i2">With burning starres and everliving fire,</p> +<a name="x.448"></a><p class="i2">Whereof the keyes are to thy hand behight</p> +<a name="x.449"></a><p class="i2">By wise Fidelia? She doth thee require,</p> +<span class="linenum">450</span> +<a name="x.450"></a><p>To show it to his knight, according his desire.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.li"></a><p class="i20">LI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.451"></a><p>Thrise happy man, said then the father grave,</p> +<a name="x.452"></a><p class="i2">Whose staggering steps thy steady hand doth lead,</p> +<a name="x.453"></a><p class="i2">And shewes the way, his sinfull soule to save.</p> +<a name="x.454"></a><p class="i2">Who better can the way to heaven aread,</p> +<span class="linenum">455</span> +<a name="x.455"></a><p class="i2">Then thou thy selfe, that was both borne and bred</p> +<a name="x.456"></a><p class="i2">In heavenly throne, where thousand Angels shine?</p> +<a name="x.457"></a><p class="i2">Thou doest the prayers of the righteous sead</p> +<a name="x.458"></a><p class="i2">Present before the majestie divine,</p> +<a name="x.459"></a><p>And his avenging wrath to clemencie incline.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lii"></a><p class="i20">LII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">460</span> +<a name="x.460"></a><p>Yet since thou bidst, thy pleasure shal be donne.</p> +<a name="x.461"></a><p class="i2">Then come thou man of earth, and see the way,</p> +<a name="x.462"></a><p class="i2">That never yet was seene of Faeries sonne,</p> +<a name="x.463"></a><p class="i2">That never leads the traveiler astray,</p> +<a name="x.464"></a><p class="i2">But after labors long, and sad delay,</p> +<span class="linenum">465</span> +<a name="x.465"></a><p class="i2">Brings them to joyous rest and endlesse blis.</p> +<a name="x.466"></a><p class="i2">But first thou must a season fast and pray,</p> +<a name="x.467"></a><p class="i2">Till from her bands the spright assoiled is,</p> +<a name="x.468"></a><p>And have her strength recur'd from fraile infirmitis.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.liii"></a><p class="i20">LIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.469"></a><p>That donne, he leads him to the highest Mount;</p> +<span class="linenum">470</span> +<a name="x.470"></a><p class="i2">Such one as that same mighty man<a href="#Nt_x.470">°</a> of God,</p> +<a name="x.471"></a><p class="i2">That blood-red billowes<a href="#Nt_x.471">°</a> like a walled front</p> +<a name="x.472"></a><p class="i2">On either side disparted with his rod,</p> +<a name="x.473"></a><p class="i2">Till that his army dry-foot through them yod,</p> +<a name="x.474"></a><p class="i2">Dwelt forty dayes upon; where writ in stone</p> +<span class="linenum">475</span> +<a name="x.475"></a><p class="i2">With bloudy letters by the hand of God,</p> +<a name="x.476"></a><p class="i2">The bitter doome of death and balefull mone</p> +<a name="x.477"></a><p>He did receive, whiles flashing fire about him shone.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.liv"></a><p class="i20">LIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.478"></a><p>Or like that sacred hill,<a href="#Nt_x.478">°</a> whose head full hie,</p> +<a name="x.479"></a><p class="i2">Adornd with fruitfull Olives all arownd,</p> +<span class="linenum">480</span> +<a name="x.480"></a><p class="i2">Is, as it were for endlesse memory</p> +<a name="x.481"></a><p class="i2">Of that deare Lord who oft thereon was fownd,</p> +<a name="x.482"></a><p class="i2">For ever with a flowring girlond crownd:</p> +<a name="x.483"></a><p class="i2">Or like that pleasaunt Mount,<a href="#Nt_x.483">°</a> that is for ay</p> +<a name="x.484"></a><p class="i2">Through famous Poets verse each where renownd,</p> +<span class="linenum">485</span> +<a name="x.485"></a><p class="i2">On which the thrise three learned Ladies play</p> +<a name="x.486"></a><p>Their heavenly notes, and make full many a lovely lay.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lv"></a><p class="i20">LV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.487"></a><p>From thence, far off he unto him did shew</p> +<a name="x.488"></a><p class="i2">A litle path, that was both steepe and long,</p> +<a name="x.489"></a><p class="i2">Which to a goodly Citie<a href="#Nt_x.489">°</a> led his vew;</p> +<span class="linenum">490</span> +<a name="x.490"></a><p class="i2">Whose wals and towres were builded high and strong</p> +<a name="x.491"></a><p class="i2">Of perle and precious stone, that earthly tong</p> +<a name="x.492"></a><p class="i2">Cannot describe, nor wit of man can tell;</p> +<a name="x.493"></a><p class="i2">Too high a ditty for my simple song;</p> +<a name="x.494"></a><p class="i2">The Citie of the great king hight it well,</p> +<span class="linenum">495</span> +<a name="x.495"></a><p>Wherein eternall peace and happinesse doth dwell.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lvi"></a><p class="i20">LVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.496"></a><p>As he thereon stood gazing, he might see</p> +<a name="x.497"></a><p class="i2">The blessed Angels to and fro descend</p> +<a name="x.498"></a><p class="i2">From highest heaven in gladsome companee,</p> +<a name="x.499"></a><p class="i2">And with great joy into that Citie wend,</p> +<span class="linenum">500</span> +<a name="x.500"></a><p class="i2">As commonly as friend does with his frend.</p> +<a name="x.501"></a><p class="i2">Whereat he wondred much, and gan enquere,</p> +<a name="x.502"></a><p class="i2">What stately building durst so high extend</p> +<a name="x.503"></a><p class="i2">Her loftie towres unto the starry sphere,</p> +<a name="x.504"></a><p>And what unknowen nation there empeopled were.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lvii"></a><p class="i20">LVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">505</span> +<a name="x.505"></a><p>Faire knight (quoth he) Hierusalem that is,</p> +<a name="x.506"></a><p class="i2">The new Hierusalem, that God has built</p> +<a name="x.507"></a><p class="i2">For those to dwell in, that are chosen his,</p> +<a name="x.508"></a><p class="i2">His chosen people purg'd from sinfull guilt</p> +<a name="x.509"></a><p class="i2">With pretious blood, which cruelly was spilt</p> +<span class="linenum">510</span> +<a name="x.510"></a><p class="i2">On cursed tree, of that unspotted lam,</p> +<a name="x.511"></a><p class="i2">That for the sinnes of al the world was kilt:</p> +<a name="x.512"></a><p class="i2">Now are they Saints all in that Citie sam,</p> +<a name="x.513"></a><p>More dear unto their God then younglings to their dam.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lviii"></a><p class="i20">LVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.514"></a><p>Till now, said then the knight, I weened well,</p> +<span class="linenum">515</span> +<a name="x.515"></a><p class="i2">That great Cleopolis,<a href="#Nt_x.515">°</a> where I have beene,</p> +<a name="x.516"></a><p class="i2">In which that fairest Faerie Queene doth dwell,</p> +<a name="x.517"></a><p class="i2">The fairest citie was that might be seene;</p> +<a name="x.518"></a><p class="i2">And that bright towre all built of christall cleene,</p> +<a name="x.519"></a><p class="i2">Panthea,<a href="#Nt_x.519">°</a> seemd the brightest thing that was:</p> +<span class="linenum">520</span> +<a name="x.520"></a><p class="i2">But now by proofe all otherwise I weene;</p> +<a name="x.521"></a><p class="i2">For this great Citie that does far surpas,</p> +<a name="x.522"></a><p>And this bright Angels towre quite dims that towre of glas.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lix"></a><p class="i20">LIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.523"></a><p>Most trew, then said the holy aged man;</p> +<a name="x.524"></a><p class="i2">Yet is Cleopolis, for earthly frame,<a href="#Nt_x.524">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">525</span> +<a name="x.525"></a><p class="i2">The fairest peece that eye beholden can;</p> +<a name="x.526"></a><p class="i2">And well beseemes all knights of noble name,</p> +<a name="x.527"></a><p class="i2">That covett in th' immortall booke of fame</p> +<a name="x.528"></a><p class="i2">To be eternized, that same to haunt,</p> +<a name="x.529"></a><p class="i2">And doen their service to that soveraigne dame,</p> +<span class="linenum">530</span> +<a name="x.530"></a><p class="i2">That glorie does to them for guerdon graunt:</p> +<a name="x.531"></a><p>For she is heavenly borne, and heaven may justly vaunt.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lx"></a><p class="i20">LX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.532"></a><p>And thou faire ymp, sprong out from English race,</p> +<a name="x.533"></a><p class="i2">How ever now accompted Elfins sonne,</p> +<a name="x.534"></a><p class="i2">Well worthy doest thy service for her grace,</p> +<span class="linenum">535</span> +<a name="x.535"></a><p class="i2">To aide a virgin desolate fordonne.</p> +<a name="x.536"></a><p class="i2">But when thou famous victory hast wonne,</p> +<a name="x.537"></a><p class="i2">And high emongst all knights hast hong thy shield,</p> +<a name="x.538"></a><p class="i2">Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shonne,</p> +<a name="x.539"></a><p class="i2">And wash thy hands from guilt of bloudy field:</p> +<span class="linenum">540</span> +<a name="x.540"></a><p>For blood can nought but sin, and wars but sorrowes yield.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxi"></a><p class="i20">LXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.541"></a><p>Then seek this path, that I to thee presage,</p> +<a name="x.542"></a><p class="i2">Which after all to heaven shall thee send;</p> +<a name="x.543"></a><p class="i2">Then peaceably thy painefull pilgrimage</p> +<a name="x.544"></a><p class="i2">To yonder same Hierusalem do bend,</p> +<span class="linenum">545</span> +<a name="x.545"></a><p class="i2">Where is for thee ordaind a blessed end:</p> +<a name="x.546"></a><p class="i2">For thou emongst those Saints, whom thou doest see,</p> +<a name="x.547"></a><p class="i2">Shall be a Saint, and thine owne nations frend</p> +<a name="x.548"></a><p class="i2">And Patrone: thou Saint George shalt called bee,</p> +<a name="x.549"></a><p>Saint George<a href="#Nt_x.549">°</a> of mery England, the signe of victoree.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxii"></a><p class="i20">LXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">550</span> +<a name="x.550"></a><p>Unworthy wretch (quoth he) of so great grace,<a href="#Nt_x.lxii">°</a></p> +<a name="x.551"></a><p class="i2">How dare I thinke such glory to attaine?</p> +<a name="x.552"></a><p class="i2">These that have it attaind, were in like cace,</p> +<a name="x.553"></a><p class="i2">(Quoth he) as wretched, and liv'd in like paine.</p> +<a name="x.554"></a><p class="i2">But deeds of armes must I at last be faine</p> +<span class="linenum">555</span> +<a name="x.555"></a><p class="i2">And Ladies love to leave so dearely bought?</p> +<a name="x.556"></a><p class="i2">What need of armes, where peace doth ay remaine,</p> +<a name="x.557"></a><p class="i2">(Said he,) and battailes none are to be fought?</p> +<a name="x.558"></a><p>As for loose loves, they're vain, and vanish into nought.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxiii"></a><p class="i20">LXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.559"></a><p>O let me not (quoth he) then turne againe</p> +<span class="linenum">560</span> +<a name="x.560"></a><p class="i2">Backe to the world, whose joyes so fruitlesse are;</p> +<a name="x.561"></a><p class="i2">But let me here for aye in peace remaine,</p> +<a name="x.562"></a><p class="i2">Or streight way on that last long voyage fare,</p> +<a name="x.563"></a><p class="i2">That nothing may my present hope empare.</p> +<a name="x.564"></a><p class="i2">That may not be, (said he) ne maist thou yit</p> +<span class="linenum">565</span> +<a name="x.565"></a><p class="i2">Forgo that royall maides bequeathed care,<a href="#Nt_x.565">°</a></p> +<a name="x.566"></a><p class="i2">Who did her cause into thy hand commit,</p> +<a name="x.567"></a><p>Till from her cursed foe thou have her freely quit.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxiv"></a><p class="i20">LXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.568"></a><p>Then shall I soone (quoth he) so God me grace,</p> +<a name="x.569"></a><p class="i2">Abet that virgins cause disconsolate,</p> +<span class="linenum">570</span> +<a name="x.570"></a><p class="i2">And shortly backe returne unto this place,</p> +<a name="x.571"></a><p class="i2">To walke this way in Pilgrims poore estate.</p> +<a name="x.572"></a><p class="i2">But now aread, old father, why of late</p> +<a name="x.573"></a><p class="i2">Didst thou behight me borne of English blood,</p> +<a name="x.574"></a><p class="i2">Whom all a Faeries sonne doen nominate?</p> +<span class="linenum">575</span> +<a name="x.575"></a><p class="i2">That word shall I (said he) avouchen good,</p> +<a name="x.576"></a><p>Sith to thee is unknowne the cradle of thy blood.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxv"></a><p class="i20">LXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.577"></a><p>For well I wote thou springst from ancient race</p> +<a name="x.578"></a><p class="i2">Of Saxon kings, that have with mightie hand</p> +<a name="x.579"></a><p class="i2">And many bloody battailes<a href="#Nt_x.579">°</a> fought in place</p> +<span class="linenum">580</span> +<a name="x.580"></a><p class="i2">High reard their royall throne in Britane land,</p> +<a name="x.581"></a><p class="i2">And vanquisht them, unable to withstand:</p> +<a name="x.582"></a><p class="i2">From thence a Faerie thee unweeting reft,</p> +<a name="x.583"></a><p class="i2">There as thou slepst in tender swadling band,</p> +<a name="x.584"></a><p class="i2">And her base Elfin brood there for thee left.</p> +<span class="linenum">585</span> +<a name="x.585"></a><p>Such men do Chaungelings<a href="#Nt_x.585">°</a> call, so chang'd by Faeries theft.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxvi"></a><p class="i20">LXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.586"></a><p>Thence she thee brought into this Faerie lond,</p> +<a name="x.587"></a><p class="i2">And in an heaped furrow did thee hyde,</p> +<a name="x.588"></a><p class="i2">Where thee a Ploughman all unweeting fond,</p> +<a name="x.589"></a><p class="i2">As he his toylesome teme that way did guyde,</p> +<span class="linenum">590</span> +<a name="x.590"></a><p class="i2">And brought thee up in ploughmans state to byde</p> +<a name="x.591"></a><p class="i2">Whereof Georgos<a href="#Nt_x.591">°</a> he gave thee to name;</p> +<a name="x.592"></a><p class="i2">Till prickt with courage, and thy forces pryde,</p> +<a name="x.593"></a><p class="i2">To Faerie court thou cam'st to seeke for fame,</p> +<a name="x.594"></a><p>And prove thy puissaunt armes, as seemes thee best became.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxvii"></a><p class="i20">LXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">595</span> +<a name="x.595"></a><p>O holy Sire (quoth he) how shall I quight</p> +<a name="x.596"></a><p class="i2">The many favours I with thee have found,</p> +<a name="x.597"></a><p class="i2">That hast my name and nation red aright,</p> +<a name="x.598"></a><p class="i2">And taught the way that does to heaven bound?</p> +<a name="x.599"></a><p class="i2">This said, adowne he looked to the ground,</p> +<span class="linenum">600</span> +<a name="x.600"></a><p class="i2">To have returnd, but dazed were his eyne</p> +<a name="x.601"></a><p class="i2">Through passing brightnesse, which did quite confound</p> +<a name="x.602"></a><p class="i2">His feeble sence and too exceeding shyne.</p> +<a name="x.603"></a><p>So darke are earthly things compard to things divine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="x.lxviii"></a><p class="i20">LXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="x.604"></a><p>At last whenas himselfe he gan to find,</p> +<span class="linenum">605</span> +<a name="x.605"></a><p class="i2">To Una back he cast him to retire;</p> +<a name="x.606"></a><p class="i2">Who him awaited still with pensive mind.</p> +<a name="x.607"></a><p class="i2">Great thankes and goodly meed to that good syre</p> +<a name="x.608"></a><p class="i2">He thence departing gave for his paines hyre.</p> +<a name="x.609"></a><p class="i2">So came to Una, who him joyd to see,</p> +<span class="linenum">610</span> +<a name="x.610"></a><p class="i2">And after little rest, gan him desire</p> +<a name="x.611"></a><p class="i2">Of her adventure mindfull for to bee.</p> +<a name="x.612"></a><p>So leave they take of Cœlia, and her daughters three.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_XI"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO XI</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">The knight with that old Dragon fights</p> +<p class="z10">two dayes incessantly;</p> +<p class="z8">The third him overthrowes, and gayns</p> +<p class="z10">most glorious victory.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.1"></a><p>HIGH time now gan it wex for Una faire</p> +<a name="xi.2"></a><p class="i2">To thinke of those her captive Parents deare,</p> +<a name="xi.3"></a><p class="i2">And their forwasted kingdome to repaire:</p> +<a name="xi.4"></a><p class="i2">Whereto whenas they now approched neare,</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="xi.5"></a><p class="i2">With hartie wordes her knight she gan to cheare,</p> +<a name="xi.6"></a><p class="i2">And in her modest manner thus bespake;</p> +<a name="xi.7"></a><p class="i2">Deare knight, as deare as ever knight was deare,</p> +<a name="xi.8"></a><p class="i2">That all these sorrowes suffer for my sake,</p> +<a name="xi.9"></a><p>High heaven behold the tedious toyle ye for me take.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="xi.10"></a><p>Now are we come unto my native soyle,</p> +<a name="xi.11"></a><p class="i2">And to the place where all our perils dwell;</p> +<a name="xi.12"></a><p class="i2">Here haunts that feend, and does his dayly spoyle;</p> +<a name="xi.13"></a><p class="i2">Therefore henceforth be at your keeping well,<a href="#Nt_xi.13">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.14"></a><p class="i2">And ever ready for your foeman fell.</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="xi.15"></a><p class="i2">The sparke of noble courage now awake,</p> +<a name="xi.16"></a><p class="i2">And strive your excellent selfe to excell:</p> +<a name="xi.17"></a><p class="i2">That shall ye evermore renowmed make,</p> +<a name="xi.18"></a><p>Above all knights on earth that batteill undertake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.19"></a><p>And pointing forth, Lo yonder is (said she)<a href="#Nt_xi.iii">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="xi.20"></a><p class="i2">The brasen towre in which my parents deare</p> +<a name="xi.21"></a><p class="i2">For dread of that huge feend emprisond be,</p> +<a name="xi.22"></a><p class="i2">Whom I from far, see on the walles appeare,</p> +<a name="xi.23"></a><p class="i2">Whose sight my feeble soule doth greatly cheare:</p> +<a name="xi.24"></a><p class="i2">And on the top of all I do espye</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="xi.25"></a><p class="i2">The watchman wayting tydings glad to heare,</p> +<a name="xi.26"></a><p class="i2">That O my parents might I happily</p> +<a name="xi.27"></a><p>Unto you bring, to ease you of your misery.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.28"></a><p>With that they heard a roaring hideous sound,</p> +<a name="xi.29"></a><p class="i2">That all the ayre with terrour filled wide,</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="xi.30"></a><p class="i2">And seemd uneath<a href="#Nt_xi.30">°</a> to shake the stedfast ground.</p> +<a name="xi.31"></a><p class="i2">Eftsoones that dreadful Dragon<a href="#Nt_xi.31">°</a> they espide,</p> +<a name="xi.32"></a><p class="i2">Where stretcht he lay upon the sunny side,<a href="#Nt_xi.32">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.33"></a><p class="i2">Of a great hill, himselfe like a great hill.</p> +<a name="xi.34"></a><p class="i2">But all so soone as he from far descride</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="xi.35"></a><p class="i2">Those glistring armes, that heaven with light did fill,</p> +<a name="xi.36"></a><p>He rousd himselfe full blith, and hastned them untill.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.37"></a><p>Then bad the knight his Lady yede aloofe,</p> +<a name="xi.38"></a><p class="i2">And to an hill her selfe withdraw aside:</p> +<a name="xi.39"></a><p class="i2">From whence she might behold that battailles proof,</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="xi.40"></a><p class="i2">And eke be safe from daunger far descryde:</p> +<a name="xi.41"></a><p class="i2">She him obayd, and turnd a little wyde.</p> +<a name="xi.42"></a><p class="i2">Now O thou sacred muse,<a href="#Nt_xi.42">°</a> most learned Dame,</p> +<a name="xi.43"></a><p class="i2">Faire ympe of Phœbus and his aged bride,</p> +<a name="xi.44"></a><p class="i2">The Nourse of time and everlasting fame,</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="xi.45"></a><p>That warlike hands ennoblest with immortall name;</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.46"></a><p>O gently come into my feeble brest</p> +<a name="xi.47"></a><p class="i2">Come gently, but not with that mighty rage,</p> +<a name="xi.48"></a><p class="i2">Wherewith the martiall troupes thou doest infest,</p> +<a name="xi.49"></a><p class="i2">And harts of great Heroės doest enrage,</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="xi.50"></a><p class="i2">That nought their kindled courage may aswage,</p> +<a name="xi.51"></a><p class="i2">Soone as thy dreadfull trompe begins to sownd,</p> +<a name="xi.52"></a><p class="i2">The God of warre with his fiers equipage</p> +<a name="xi.53"></a><p class="i2">Thou doest awake, sleepe never he so sownd,</p> +<a name="xi.54"></a><p>All scared nations doest with horrour sterne astownd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="xi.55"></a><p>Faire Goddesse, lay that furious fit aside,</p> +<a name="xi.56"></a><p class="i2">Till I of warres<a href="#Nt_xi.56">°</a> and bloody Mars do sing,</p> +<a name="xi.57"></a><p class="i2">And Briton fields with Sarazin bloud bedyde,</p> +<a name="xi.58"></a><p class="i2">Twixt that great Faery Queene, and Paynim king,</p> +<a name="xi.59"></a><p class="i2">That with their horrour heaven and earth did ring;</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="xi.60"></a><p class="i2">A worke of labour long and endlesse prayse:</p> +<a name="xi.61"></a><p class="i2">But now a while let downe that haughtie string<a href="#Nt_xi.61">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.62"></a><p class="i2">And to my tunes thy second tenor rayse,</p> +<a name="xi.63"></a><p>That I this man of God his godly armes may blaze.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.64"></a><p>By this the dreadfull Beast drew nigh to hand,</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="xi.65"></a><p class="i2">Halfe flying, and halfe footing in his haste,</p> +<a name="xi.66"></a><p class="i2">That with his largenesse measured much land,</p> +<a name="xi.67"></a><p class="i2">And made wide shadow under his huge wast,</p> +<a name="xi.68"></a><p class="i2">As mountaine doth the valley overcast.</p> +<a name="xi.69"></a><p class="i2">Approching nigh, he reared high afore</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="xi.70"></a><p class="i2">His body monstrous, horrible, and vaste,</p> +<a name="xi.71"></a><p class="i2">Which to increase his wondrous greatnesse more,</p> +<a name="xi.72"></a><p>Was swoln with wrath, and poyson, and with bloudy gore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.73"></a><p>And over, all with brasen scales was armd,</p> +<a name="xi.74"></a><p class="i2">Like plated coate of steele, so couched neare,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="xi.75"></a><p class="i2">That nought mote perce, ne might his corse be harmd</p> +<a name="xi.76"></a><p class="i2">With dint of sword, nor push of pointed speare;</p> +<a name="xi.77"></a><p class="i2">Which, as an Eagle, seeing pray appeare,</p> +<a name="xi.78"></a><p class="i2">His aery plumes doth rouze, full rudely dight;</p> +<a name="xi.79"></a><p class="i2">So shaked he, that horrour was to heare,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="xi.80"></a><p class="i2">For as the clashing of an Armour bright,</p> +<a name="xi.81"></a><p>Such noyse his rouzed scales did send unto the knight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.82"></a><p>His flaggy wings when forth he did display,</p> +<a name="xi.83"></a><p class="i2">Were like two sayles, in which the hollow wynd</p> +<a name="xi.84"></a><p class="i2">Is gathered full, and worketh speedy way:</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="xi.85"></a><p class="i2">And eke the pennes, that did his pineons bynd,</p> +<a name="xi.86"></a><p class="i2">Were like mayne-yards, with flying canvas lynd;</p> +<a name="xi.87"></a><p class="i2">With which whenas him list the ayre to beat,</p> +<a name="xi.88"></a><p class="i2">And there by force unwonted passage find,</p> +<a name="xi.89"></a><p class="i2">The cloudes before him fled for terrour great,</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="xi.90"></a><p>And all the heavens stood still amazed with his threat.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.91"></a><p>His huge long tayle wound up in hundred foldes,</p> +<a name="xi.92"></a><p class="i2">Does overspred his long bras-scaly backe,</p> +<a name="xi.93"></a><p class="i2">Whose wreathed boughts when ever he unfoldes,</p> +<a name="xi.94"></a><p class="i2">And thicke entangled knots adown does slacke,</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="xi.95"></a><p class="i2">Bespotted as with shields of red and blacke,</p> +<a name="xi.96"></a><p class="i2">It sweepeth all the land behind him farre,</p> +<a name="xi.97"></a><p class="i2">And of three furlongs does but litle lacke;</p> +<a name="xi.98"></a><p class="i2">And at the point two stings in-fixed arre,</p> +<a name="xi.99"></a><p>Both deadly sharpe, that sharpest steele exceeden farre.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="xi.100"></a><p>But stings and sharpest steele did far exceed</p> +<a name="xi.101"></a><p class="i2">The sharpnesse of his cruell rending clawes;</p> +<a name="xi.102"></a><p class="i2">Dead was it sure, as sure as death in deed,</p> +<a name="xi.103"></a><p class="i2">What ever thing does touch his ravenous pawes,</p> +<a name="xi.104"></a><p class="i2">Or what within his reach he ever drawes.</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="xi.105"></a><p class="i2">But his most hideous head my toung to tell</p> +<a name="xi.106"></a><p class="i2">Does tremble: for his deepe devouring jawes</p> +<a name="xi.107"></a><p class="i2">Wide gaped, like the griesly mouth of hell,</p> +<a name="xi.108"></a><p>Through which into his darke abisse all ravin fell.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.109"></a><p>And that more wondrous was, in either jaw</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="xi.110"></a><p class="i2">Three ranckes of yron teeth enraunged were,</p> +<a name="xi.111"></a><p class="i2">In which yet trickling blood, and gobbets raw</p> +<a name="xi.112"></a><p class="i2">Of late devoured bodies did appeare,</p> +<a name="xi.113"></a><p class="i2">That sight thereof bred cold congealed feare:</p> +<a name="xi.114"></a><p class="i2">Which to increase, and as atonce to kill,</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="xi.115"></a><p class="i2">A cloud of smoothering smoke and sulphure seare,</p> +<a name="xi.116"></a><p class="i2">Out of his stinking gorge forth steemed still,</p> +<a name="xi.117"></a><p>That all the ayre about with smoke and stench did fill.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.118"></a><p>His blazing eyes, like two bright shining shields,</p> +<a name="xi.119"></a><p class="i2">Did burne with wrath, and sparkled living fyre:</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="xi.120"></a><p class="i2">As two broad Beacons,<a href="#Nt_xi.120">°</a> set in open fields,</p> +<a name="xi.121"></a><p class="i2">Send forth their flames far off to every shyre,</p> +<a name="xi.122"></a><p class="i2">And warning give, that enemies conspyre</p> +<a name="xi.123"></a><p class="i2">With fire and sword the region to invade;</p> +<a name="xi.124"></a><p class="i2">So flam'd his eyne with rage and rancorous yre:</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="xi.125"></a><p class="i2">But farre within, as in a hollow glade,</p> +<a name="xi.126"></a><p>Those glaring lampes were set, that made a dreadfull shade.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.127"></a><p>So dreadfully he towards him did pas,</p> +<a name="xi.128"></a><p class="i2">Forelifting up aloft his speckled brest,</p> +<a name="xi.129"></a><p class="i2">And often bounding on the brused gras,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="xi.130"></a><p class="i2">As for great joyance of his newcome guest.</p> +<a name="xi.131"></a><p class="i2">Eftsoones he gan advance his haughtie crest,</p> +<a name="xi.132"></a><p class="i2">As chauffed Bore his bristles doth upreare,</p> +<a name="xi.133"></a><p class="i2">And shoke his scales to battell ready drest;</p> +<a name="xi.134"></a><p class="i2">That made the Redcrosse knight nigh quake for feare,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="xi.135"></a><p>As bidding bold defiance to his foeman neare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.136"></a><p>The knight gan fairely couch his steadie speare,</p> +<a name="xi.137"></a><p class="i2">And fiercely ran at him with rigorous might:</p> +<a name="xi.138"></a><p class="i2">The pointed steele arriving rudely theare,</p> +<a name="xi.139"></a><p class="i2">His harder hide would neither perce, nor bight,</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="xi.140"></a><p class="i2">But glauncing by forth passed forward right;</p> +<a name="xi.141"></a><p class="i2">Yet sore amoved with so puissaunt push,</p> +<a name="xi.142"></a><p class="i2">The wrathfull beast about him turned light,</p> +<a name="xi.143"></a><p class="i2">And him so rudely passing by, did brush</p> +<a name="xi.144"></a><p>With his long tayle, that horse and man to ground did rush.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="xi.145"></a><p>Both horse and man up lightly rose againe,</p> +<a name="xi.146"></a><p class="i2">And fresh encounter towards him addrest:</p> +<a name="xi.147"></a><p class="i2">But th'idle stroke yet backe recoyld in vaine,</p> +<a name="xi.148"></a><p class="i2">And found no place his deadly point to rest.</p> +<a name="xi.149"></a><p class="i2">Exceeding rage enflam'd the furious beast,</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="xi.150"></a><p class="i2">To be avenged of so great despight;</p> +<a name="xi.151"></a><p class="i2">For never felt his imperceable brest</p> +<a name="xi.152"></a><p class="i2">So wondrous force, from hand of living wight;</p> +<a name="xi.153"></a><p>Yet had he prov'd the powre of many a puissant knight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.154"></a><p>Then with his waving wings displayed wyde,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="xi.155"></a><p class="i2">Himselfe up high he lifted from the ground,</p> +<a name="xi.156"></a><p class="i2">And with strong flight did forcibly divide</p> +<a name="xi.157"></a><p class="i2">The yielding aire, which nigh too feeble found</p> +<a name="xi.158"></a><p class="i2">Her flitting parts,<a href="#Nt_xi.158">°</a> and element unsound,</p> +<a name="xi.159"></a><p class="i2">To beare so great a weight: he cutting way</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="xi.160"></a><p class="i2">With his broad sayles, about him soared round:</p> +<a name="xi.161"></a><p class="i2">At last low stouping<a href="#Nt_xi.161">°</a> with unweldie sway,</p> +<a name="xi.162"></a><p>Snatcht up both horse and man, to beare them quite away.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.163"></a><p>Long he them bore above the subject plaine,</p> +<a name="xi.164"></a><p class="i2">So far as Ewghen bow a shaft may send,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="xi.165"></a><p class="i2">Till struggling strong did him at last constraine</p> +<a name="xi.166"></a><p class="i2">To let them downe before his flightes end:</p> +<a name="xi.167"></a><p class="i2">As hagard hauke,<a href="#Nt_xi.167">°</a> presuming to contend</p> +<a name="xi.168"></a><p class="i2">With hardie fowle, above his hable might,<a href="#Nt_xi.168">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.169"></a><p class="i2">His wearie pounces all in vaine doth spend</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="xi.170"></a><p class="i2">To trusse the pray too heavy for his flight;</p> +<a name="xi.171"></a><p>Which comming downe to ground, does free it selfe by fight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.172"></a><p>He so disseized<a href="#Nt_xi.172">°</a> of his gryping grosse,</p> +<a name="xi.173"></a><p class="i2">The knight his thrillant speare again assayd</p> +<a name="xi.174"></a><p class="i2">In his bras-plated body to embosse,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="xi.175"></a><p class="i2">And three mens strength unto the stroke he layd;</p> +<a name="xi.176"></a><p class="i2">Wherewith the stiffe beame quaked, as affrayd,</p> +<a name="xi.177"></a><p class="i2">And glauncing from his scaly necke, did glyde</p> +<a name="xi.178"></a><p class="i2">Close under his left wing, then broad displayd:</p> +<a name="xi.179"></a><p class="i2">The percing steele there wrought a wound full wyde,</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="xi.180"></a><p>That with the uncouth smart the Monster lowdly cryde.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.181"></a><p>He cryde, as raging seas are wont to rore,</p> +<a name="xi.182"></a><p class="i2">When wintry storme his wrathfull wreck does threat</p> +<a name="xi.183"></a><p class="i2">The roaring billowes beat the ragged shore,</p> +<a name="xi.184"></a><p class="i2">As they the earth would shoulder from her seat,</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="xi.185"></a><p class="i2">And greedy gulfe does gape,<a href="#Nt_xi.185">°</a> as he would eat</p> +<a name="xi.186"></a><p class="i2">His neighbour element in his revenge:</p> +<a name="xi.187"></a><p class="i2">Then gin the blustring brethren<a href="#Nt_xi.187">°</a> boldly threat</p> +<a name="xi.188"></a><p class="i2">To move the world from off his steadfast henge,</p> +<a name="xi.189"></a><p>And boystrous battell make, each other to avenge.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="xi.190"></a><p>The steely head stucke fast still in his flesh,</p> +<a name="xi.191"></a><p class="i2">Till with his cruell clawes he snatcht the wood,</p> +<a name="xi.192"></a><p class="i2">And quite a sunder broke. Forth flowed fresh</p> +<a name="xi.193"></a><p class="i2">A gushing river of blacke goarie blood,</p> +<a name="xi.194"></a><p class="i2">That drowned all the land, whereon he stood;</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="xi.195"></a><p class="i2">The streame thereof would drive a water-mill:</p> +<a name="xi.196"></a><p class="i2">Trebly augmented was his furious mood</p> +<a name="xi.197"></a><p class="i2">With bitter sence of his deepe rooted ill,</p> +<a name="xi.198"></a><p>That flames of fire he threw forth from his large nosethrill.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.199"></a><p>His hideous tayle then hurled he about,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="xi.200"></a><p class="i2">And therewith all enwrapt the nimble thyes</p> +<a name="xi.201"></a><p class="i2">Of his froth-fomy steed, whose courage stout</p> +<a name="xi.202"></a><p class="i2">Striving to loose the knot that fast him tyes,</p> +<a name="xi.203"></a><p class="i2">Himselfe in streighter bandes too rash implyes,</p> +<a name="xi.204"></a><p class="i2">That to the ground he is perforce constraynd</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="xi.205"></a><p class="i2">To throw his rider: who can quickly ryse</p> +<a name="xi.206"></a><p class="i2">From off the earth, with durty blood distaynd,</p> +<a name="xi.207"></a><p>For that reprochfull fall right fowly he disdaynd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.208"></a><p>And fiercely tooke his trenchand blade in hand,</p> +<a name="xi.209"></a><p class="i2">With which he stroke so furious and so fell,</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="xi.210"></a><p class="i2">That nothing seemd the puissaunce could withstand:</p> +<a name="xi.211"></a><p class="i2">Upon his crest the hardned yron fell,</p> +<a name="xi.212"></a><p class="i2">But his more hardned crest was armd so well,</p> +<a name="xi.213"></a><p class="i2">That deeper dint therein it would not make;</p> +<a name="xi.214"></a><p class="i2">Yet so extremely did the buffe him quell,</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="xi.215"></a><p class="i2">That from thenceforth he shund the like to take,</p> +<a name="xi.216"></a><p>But when he saw them come, he did them still forsake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.217"></a><p>The knight was wroth to see his stroke beguyld,</p> +<a name="xi.218"></a><p class="i2">And smote againe with more outrageous might;</p> +<a name="xi.219"></a><p class="i2">But backe againe the sparckling steele recoyld,</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="xi.220"></a><p class="i2">And left not any marke, where it did light,</p> +<a name="xi.221"></a><p class="i2">As if in Adamant rocke it had bene pight.</p> +<a name="xi.222"></a><p class="i2">The beast impatient of his smarting wound,</p> +<a name="xi.223"></a><p class="i2">And of so fierce and forcible despight,</p> +<a name="xi.224"></a><p class="i2">Thought with his wings to stye above the ground;</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="xi.225"></a><p>But his late wounded wing unserviceable found.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.226"></a><p>Then full of griefe and anguish vehement,</p> +<a name="xi.227"></a><p class="i2">He lowdly brayd, that like was never heard,</p> +<a name="xi.228"></a><p class="i2">And from his wide devouring oven<a href="#Nt_xi.228">°</a> sent</p> +<a name="xi.229"></a><p class="i2">A flake of fire, that, flashing in his beard,</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="xi.230"></a><p class="i2">Him all amazd, and almost made affeard:</p> +<a name="xi.231"></a><p class="i2">The scorching flame sore swinged all his face,</p> +<a name="xi.232"></a><p class="i2">And through his armour all his body seard,</p> +<a name="xi.233"></a><p class="i2">That he could not endure so cruell cace,</p> +<a name="xi.234"></a><p>But thought his armes to leave, and helmet to unlace.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="xi.235"></a><p>Not that great Champion<a href="#Nt_xi.235">°</a> of the antique world,</p> +<a name="xi.236"></a><p class="i2">Whom famous Poetes verse so much doth vaunt,</p> +<a name="xi.237"></a><p class="i2">And hath for twelve huge labours high extold,</p> +<a name="xi.238"></a><p class="i2">So many furies and sharpe fits did haunt,</p> +<a name="xi.239"></a><p class="i2">When him the poysond garment did enchaunt,</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="xi.240"></a><p class="i2">With Centaures bloud and bloudie verses charm'd;</p> +<a name="xi.241"></a><p class="i2">As did this knight twelve thousand dolours daunt,</p> +<a name="xi.242"></a><p class="i2">Whom fyrie steele now burnt, that earst him arm'd,</p> +<a name="xi.243"></a><p>That erst him goodly arm'd, now most of all him harm'd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.244"></a><p>Faint, wearie, sore, emboyled, grieved, brent<a href="#Nt_xi.xxviii">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="xi.245"></a><p class="i2">With heat, toyle, wounds, armes, smart, and inward fire,</p> +<a name="xi.246"></a><p class="i2">That never man such mischiefes did torment;</p> +<a name="xi.247"></a><p class="i2">Death better were, death did he oft desire,</p> +<a name="xi.248"></a><p class="i2">But death will never come, when needes require.</p> +<a name="xi.249"></a><p class="i2">Whom so dismayd when that his foe beheld,</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="xi.250"></a><p class="i2">He cast to suffer him no more respire,</p> +<a name="xi.251"></a><p class="i2">But gan his sturdy sterne about to weld,</p> +<a name="xi.252"></a><p>And him so strongly stroke, that to the ground him feld.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.253"></a><p>It fortuned, (as faire it then befell,)</p> +<a name="xi.254"></a><p class="i2">Behind his backe unweeting, where he stood,</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="xi.255"></a><p class="i2">Of auncient time there was a springing well,</p> +<a name="xi.256"></a><p class="i2">From which fast trickled forth a silver flood,</p> +<a name="xi.257"></a><p class="i2">Full of great vertues, and for med'cine good.</p> +<a name="xi.258"></a><p class="i2">Whylome, before that cursed Dragon got</p> +<a name="xi.259"></a><p class="i2">That happy land, and all with innocent blood</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="xi.260"></a><p class="i2">Defyld those sacred waves, it rightly hot</p> +<a name="xi.261"></a><p><i>The well of life</i>,<a href="#Nt_xi.261">°</a> ne yet his vertues had forgot.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.262"></a><p>For unto life the dead it could restore,</p> +<a name="xi.263"></a><p class="i2">And guilt of sinfull crimes cleane wash away,</p> +<a name="xi.264"></a><p class="i2">Those that with sicknesse were infected sore</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="xi.265"></a><p class="i2">It could recure, and aged long decay</p> +<a name="xi.266"></a><p class="i2">Renew, as one were borne that very day.</p> +<a name="xi.267"></a><p class="i2">Both Silo<a href="#Nt_xi.267">°</a> this, and Jordan did excell,</p> +<a name="xi.268"></a><p class="i2">And th' English Bath,<a href="#Nt_xi.268">°</a> and eke the German Spau;</p> +<a name="xi.269"></a><p class="i2">Ne can Cephise,<a href="#Nt_xi.269">°</a> nor Hebrus match this well:</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="xi.270"></a><p>Into the same the knight back overthrowen, fell.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.271"></a><p>Now gan the golden Phœbus for to steepe</p> +<a name="xi.272"></a><p class="i2">His fierie face in billowes of the west,</p> +<a name="xi.273"></a><p class="i2">And his faint steedes watred in Ocean deepe,</p> +<a name="xi.274"></a><p class="i2">Whiles from their journall labours they did rest,</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="xi.275"></a><p class="i2">When that infernall Monster, having kest</p> +<a name="xi.276"></a><p class="i2">His wearie foe into that living well,</p> +<a name="xi.277"></a><p class="i2">Can high advance his broad discoloured brest</p> +<a name="xi.278"></a><p class="i2">Above his wonted pitch, with countenance fell,</p> +<a name="xi.279"></a><p>And clapt his yron wings, as victor he did dwell.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="xi.280"></a><p>Which when his pensive Ladie saw from farre,</p> +<a name="xi.281"></a><p class="i2">Great woe and sorrow did her soule assay,</p> +<a name="xi.282"></a><p class="i2">As weening that the sad end of the warre,</p> +<a name="xi.283"></a><p class="i2">And gan to highest God entirely pray,</p> +<a name="xi.284"></a><p class="i2">That feared chance from her to turne away;</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="xi.285"></a><p class="i2">With folded hands and knees full lowly bent,</p> +<a name="xi.286"></a><p class="i2">All night she watcht, ne once adowne would lay</p> +<a name="xi.287"></a><p class="i2">Her daintie limbs in her sad dreriment,</p> +<a name="xi.288"></a><p>But praying still did wake, and waking did lament.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.289"></a><p>The morrow next gan early to appeare,</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="xi.290"></a><p class="i2">That Titan rose to runne his daily race;</p> +<a name="xi.291"></a><p class="i2">But early ere the morrow next gan reare</p> +<a name="xi.292"></a><p class="i2">Out of the sea faire Titans deawy face,</p> +<a name="xi.293"></a><p class="i2">Up rose the gentle virgin from her place,</p> +<a name="xi.294"></a><p class="i2">And looked all about, if she might spy</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="xi.295"></a><p class="i2">Her loved knight to move<a href="#Nt_xi.295">°</a> his manly pace:</p> +<a name="xi.296"></a><p class="i2">For she had great doubt of his safety,</p> +<a name="xi.297"></a><p>Since late she saw him fall before his enemy.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.298"></a><p>At last she saw, where he upstarted brave</p> +<a name="xi.299"></a><p class="i2">Out of the well, wherein he drenched lay:</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="xi.300"></a><p class="i2">As Eagle<a href="#Nt_xi.300">°</a> fresh out of the Ocean wave,</p> +<a name="xi.301"></a><p class="i2">Where he hath left his plumes all hoary gray,</p> +<a name="xi.302"></a><p class="i2">And deckt himselfe with feathers youthly gay,</p> +<a name="xi.303"></a><p class="i2">Like Eyas hauke up mounts unto the skies,</p> +<a name="xi.304"></a><p class="i2">His newly budded pineons to assay,</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="xi.305"></a><p class="i2">And marveiles at himselfe, still as he flies:</p> +<a name="xi.306"></a><p>So new this new-borne knight to battell new did rise.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.307"></a><p>Whom when the damned feend so fresh did spy,</p> +<a name="xi.308"></a><p class="i2">No wonder if he wondred at the sight,</p> +<a name="xi.309"></a><p class="i2">And doubted, whether his late enemy</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="xi.310"></a><p class="i2">It were, or other new supplied knight.</p> +<a name="xi.311"></a><p class="i2">He, now to prove his late renewed might,</p> +<a name="xi.312"></a><p class="i2">High brandishing his bright deaw-burning blade,<a href="#Nt_xi.312">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.313"></a><p class="i2">Upon his crested scalpe so sore did smite,</p> +<a name="xi.314"></a><p class="i2">That to the scull a yawning wound it made;</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="xi.315"></a><p>The deadly dint his dulled senses all dismaid.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.316"></a><p>I wote not, whether the revenging steele</p> +<a name="xi.317"></a><p class="i2">Were hardned with that holy water dew,</p> +<a name="xi.318"></a><p class="i2">Wherein he fell, or sharper edge did feele,</p> +<a name="xi.319"></a><p class="i2">Or his baptized hands now greater grew;</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="xi.320"></a><p class="i2">Or other secret vertue did ensew;</p> +<a name="xi.321"></a><p class="i2">Else never could the force of fleshly arme,</p> +<a name="xi.322"></a><p class="i2">Ne molten mettall in his blood embrew<a href="#Nt_xi.322">°</a>;</p> +<a name="xi.323"></a><p class="i2">For till that stownd could never wight him harme,</p> +<a name="xi.324"></a><p>By subtilty, nor slight, nor might, nor mighty charme.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="xi.325"></a><p>The cruell wound enraged him so sore,</p> +<a name="xi.326"></a><p class="i2">That loud he yelded for exceeding paine;</p> +<a name="xi.327"></a><p class="i2">As hundred ramping Lyons seem'd to rore,</p> +<a name="xi.328"></a><p class="i2">Whom ravenous hunger did thereto constraine:</p> +<a name="xi.329"></a><p class="i2">Then gan he tosse aloft his stretched traine,</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="xi.330"></a><p class="i2">And therewith scourge the buxome aire so sore,</p> +<a name="xi.331"></a><p class="i2">That to his force to yeelden it was faine;</p> +<a name="xi.332"></a><p class="i2">Ne ought his sturdy strokes might stand afore,</p> +<a name="xi.333"></a><p>That high trees overthrew, and rocks in peeces tore.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.334"></a><p>The same advauncing high above his head,</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="xi.335"></a><p class="i2">With sharpe intended sting<a href="#Nt_xi.335">°</a> so rude him smot,</p> +<a name="xi.336"></a><p class="i2">That to the earth him drove, as stricken dead,</p> +<a name="xi.337"></a><p class="i2">Ne living wight would have him life behot:</p> +<a name="xi.338"></a><p class="i2">The mortall sting his angry needle shot</p> +<a name="xi.339"></a><p class="i2">Quite through his shield, and in his shoulder seasd,</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="xi.340"></a><p class="i2">Where fast it stucke, ne would there out be got:</p> +<a name="xi.341"></a><p class="i2">The griefe thereof him wondrous sore diseasd,</p> +<a name="xi.342"></a><p>Ne might his ranckling paine with patience be appeasd.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.343"></a><p>But yet more mindfull of his honour deare,</p> +<a name="xi.344"></a><p class="i2">Then of the grievous smart, which him did wring,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="xi.345"></a><p class="i2">From loathed soile he can him lightly reare,</p> +<a name="xi.346"></a><p class="i2">And strove to loose the far infixed sting:</p> +<a name="xi.347"></a><p class="i2">Which when in vaine he tryde with struggeling,</p> +<a name="xi.348"></a><p class="i2">Inflam'd with wrath, his raging blade he heft,</p> +<a name="xi.349"></a><p class="i2">And strooke so strongly, that the knotty string</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="xi.350"></a><p class="i2">Of his huge taile he quite a sunder cleft,</p> +<a name="xi.351"></a><p>Five joints thereof he hewd, and but the stump him left.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.352"></a><p>Hart cannot thinke, what outrage, and what cryes,</p> +<a name="xi.353"></a><p class="i2">With foule enfouldred smoake and flashing fire,</p> +<a name="xi.354"></a><p class="i2">The hell-bred beast threw forth unto the skyes,</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="xi.355"></a><p class="i2">That all was covered with darkenesse dire:</p> +<a name="xi.356"></a><p class="i2">Then fraught with rancour, and engorged ire,</p> +<a name="xi.357"></a><p class="i2">He cast at once him to avenge for all,</p> +<a name="xi.358"></a><p class="i2">And gathering up himselfe out of the mire,</p> +<a name="xi.359"></a><p class="i2">With his uneven wings did fiercely fall,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="xi.360"></a><p>Upon his sunne-bright shield, and gript it fast withall.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.361"></a><p>Much was the man encombred with his hold,</p> +<a name="xi.362"></a><p class="i2">In feare to lose his weapon in his paw,</p> +<a name="xi.363"></a><p class="i2">Ne wist yet, how his talaunts to unfold;</p> +<a name="xi.364"></a><p class="i2">For harder was from Cerberus greedy jaw</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="xi.365"></a><p class="i2">To plucke a bone, then from his cruell claw</p> +<a name="xi.366"></a><p class="i2">To reave by strength the griped gage<a href="#Nt_xi.366">°</a> away:</p> +<a name="xi.367"></a><p class="i2">Thrise he assayd it from his foot to draw,</p> +<a name="xi.368"></a><p class="i2">And thrise in vaine to draw it did assay,</p> +<a name="xi.369"></a><p>It booted nought to thinke to robbe him of his pray.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="xi.370"></a><p>Tho when he saw no power might prevaile,</p> +<a name="xi.371"></a><p class="i2">His trustie sword he cald to his last aid,</p> +<a name="xi.372"></a><p class="i2">Wherewith he fiercely did his foe assaile,</p> +<a name="xi.373"></a><p class="i2">And double blowes about him stoutly laid,</p> +<a name="xi.374"></a><p class="i2">That glauncing fire out of the yron plaid;</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="xi.375"></a><p class="i2">As sparckles from the Andvile use to fly,</p> +<a name="xi.376"></a><p class="i2">When heavy hammers on the wedge are swaid;</p> +<a name="xi.377"></a><p class="i2">Therewith at last he forst him to unty</p> +<a name="xi.378"></a><p>One of his grasping feete, him to defend thereby.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xliii"></a><p class="i20">XLIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.379"></a><p>The other foot, fast fixed on his shield,</p> +<span class="linenum">380</span> +<a name="xi.380"></a><p class="i2">Whenas no strength, nor stroks mote him constraine</p> +<a name="xi.381"></a><p class="i2">To loose, ne yet the warlike pledge to yield,</p> +<a name="xi.382"></a><p class="i2">He smot thereat with all his might and maine,</p> +<a name="xi.383"></a><p class="i2">That nought so wondrous puissaunce might sustaine;</p> +<a name="xi.384"></a><p class="i2">Upon the joint the lucky steele did light,</p> +<span class="linenum">385</span> +<a name="xi.385"></a><p class="i2">And made such way, that hewd it quite in twaine;</p> +<a name="xi.386"></a><p class="i2">The paw yett missed not his minisht might,<a href="#Nt_xi.386">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.387"></a><p>But hong still on the shield, as it at first was pight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xliv"></a><p class="i20">XLIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.388"></a><p>For griefe thereof and divelish despight,<a href="#Nt_xi.xliv">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.389"></a><p class="i2">From his infernall fournace forth he threw</p> +<span class="linenum">390</span> +<a name="xi.390"></a><p class="i2">Huge flames, that dimmed all the heavens light,</p> +<a name="xi.391"></a><p class="i2">Enrold in duskish smoke and brimstone blew:</p> +<a name="xi.392"></a><p class="i2">As burning Aetna from his boyling stew</p> +<a name="xi.393"></a><p class="i2">Doth belch out flames, and rockes in peeces broke,</p> +<a name="xi.394"></a><p class="i2">And ragged ribs of mountains molten new,</p> +<span class="linenum">395</span> +<a name="xi.395"></a><p class="i2">Enwrapt in coleblacke clouds and filthy smoke,</p> +<a name="xi.396"></a><p>That all the land with stench, and heaven with horror choke.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xlv"></a><p class="i20">XLV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.397"></a><p>The heate whereof, and harmefull pestilence</p> +<a name="xi.398"></a><p class="i2">So sore him noyd, that forst him to retire</p> +<a name="xi.399"></a><p class="i2">A little backward for his best defence,</p> +<span class="linenum">400</span> +<a name="xi.400"></a><p class="i2">To save his body from the scorching fire,</p> +<a name="xi.401"></a><p class="i2">Which he from hellish entrailes did expire.</p> +<a name="xi.402"></a><p class="i2">It chaunst (eternall God that chaunce did guide,)</p> +<a name="xi.403"></a><p class="i2">As he recoiled backward, in the mire</p> +<a name="xi.404"></a><p class="i2">His nigh forwearied feeble feet did slide,</p> +<span class="linenum">405</span> +<a name="xi.405"></a><p>And downe he fell, with dread of shame sore terrifide.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xlvi"></a><p class="i20">XLVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.406"></a><p>There grew a goodly tree<a href="#Nt_xi.406">°</a> him faire beside,</p> +<a name="xi.407"></a><p class="i2">Loaden with fruit and apples rosie red,</p> +<a name="xi.408"></a><p class="i2">As they in pure vermilion had beene dide,</p> +<a name="xi.409"></a><p class="i2">Whereof great vertues over all were red<a href="#Nt_xi.409">°</a>:</p> +<span class="linenum">410</span> +<a name="xi.410"></a><p class="i2">For happy life to all which thereon fed,</p> +<a name="xi.411"></a><p class="i2">And life eke everlasting did befall:</p> +<a name="xi.412"></a><p class="i2">Great God it planted in that blessed sted</p> +<a name="xi.413"></a><p class="i2">With his Almighty hand, and did it call</p> +<a name="xi.414"></a><p>The tree of life, the crime of our first fathers fall.<a href="#Nt_xi.414">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xlvii"></a><p class="i20">XLVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">415</span> +<a name="xi.415"></a><p>In all the world like was not to be found,</p> +<a name="xi.416"></a><p class="i2">Save in that soile, where all good things did grow,</p> +<a name="xi.417"></a><p class="i2">And freely sprong out of the fruitfull ground,</p> +<a name="xi.418"></a><p class="i2">As incorrupted Nature did them sow,</p> +<a name="xi.419"></a><p class="i2">Till that dread Dragon all did overthrow.</p> +<span class="linenum">420</span> +<a name="xi.420"></a><p class="i2">Another like faire tree eke grew thereby,</p> +<a name="xi.421"></a><p class="i2">Whereof whoso did eat, eftsoones did know</p> +<a name="xi.422"></a><p class="i2">Both good and ill: O mornefull memory:</p> +<a name="xi.423"></a><p>That tree through one mans fault hath doen us all to dy.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xlviii"></a><p class="i20">XLVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.424"></a><p>From that first tree forth flowd, as from a well,</p> +<span class="linenum">425</span> +<a name="xi.425"></a><p class="i2">A trickling streame of Balme, most soveraine</p> +<a name="xi.426"></a><p class="i2">And dainty deare, which on the ground, still fell,</p> +<a name="xi.427"></a><p class="i2">And overflowed all the fertile plaine,</p> +<a name="xi.428"></a><p class="i2">As it had deawed bene with timely raine:</p> +<a name="xi.429"></a><p class="i2">Life and long health that gratious ointment gave,</p> +<span class="linenum">430</span> +<a name="xi.430"></a><p class="i2">And deadly wounds could heale and reare againe</p> +<a name="xi.431"></a><p class="i2">The senselesse corse appointed for the grave.</p> +<a name="xi.432"></a><p>Into that same he fell: which did from death him save.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.xlix"></a><p class="i20">XLIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.433"></a><p>For nigh thereto the ever damned beast</p> +<a name="xi.434"></a><p class="i2">Durst not approch, for he was deadly made,<a href="#Nt_xi.434">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">435</span> +<a name="xi.435"></a><p class="i2">And all that life preserved did detest:</p> +<a name="xi.436"></a><p class="i2">Yet he is oft adventur'd to invade.</p> +<a name="xi.437"></a><p class="i2">By this the drouping day-light gan to fade,</p> +<a name="xi.438"></a><p class="i2">And yield his roome to sad succeeding night,</p> +<a name="xi.439"></a><p class="i2">Who with her sable mantle gan to shade</p> +<span class="linenum">440</span> +<a name="xi.440"></a><p class="i2">The face of earth, and wayes of living wight,</p> +<a name="xi.441"></a><p>And high her burning torch set up in heaven bright.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.l"></a><p class="i20">L</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.442"></a><p>When gentle Una saw the second fall</p> +<a name="xi.443"></a><p class="i2">Of her deare knight, who wearie of long fight,</p> +<a name="xi.444"></a><p class="i2">And faint through losse of blood, mov'd not at all,</p> +<span class="linenum">445</span> +<a name="xi.445"></a><p class="i2">But lay, as in a dreame of deepe delight,</p> +<a name="xi.446"></a><p class="i2">Besmeard with pretious Balme, whose vertuous might</p> +<a name="xi.447"></a><p class="i2">Did heale his wounds, and scorching heat alay,</p> +<a name="xi.448"></a><p class="i2">Againe she stricken was with sore affright,</p> +<a name="xi.449"></a><p class="i2">And for his safetie gan devoutly pray,</p> +<span class="linenum">450</span> +<a name="xi.450"></a><p>And watch the noyous night, and wait for joyous day.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.li"></a><p class="i20">LI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.451"></a><p>The joyous day gan early to appeare,</p> +<a name="xi.452"></a><p class="i2">And faire Aurora from the deawy bed</p> +<a name="xi.453"></a><p class="i2">Of aged Tithone gan herselfe to reare</p> +<a name="xi.454"></a><p class="i2">With rosy cheekes, for shame as blushing red;</p> +<span class="linenum">455</span> +<a name="xi.455"></a><p class="i2">Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed</p> +<a name="xi.456"></a><p class="i2">About her eares, when Una her did marke</p> +<a name="xi.457"></a><p class="i2">Clymbe to her charet, all with flowers spred;</p> +<a name="xi.458"></a><p class="i2">From heaven high to chase the chearelesse darke,</p> +<a name="xi.459"></a><p>With merry note her loud salutes the mounting larke.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.lii"></a><p class="i20">LII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">460</span> +<a name="xi.460"></a><p>Then freshly up arose the doughtie knight,</p> +<a name="xi.461"></a><p class="i2">All healed of his hurts and woundes wide,</p> +<a name="xi.462"></a><p class="i2">And did himselfe to battell ready dight;</p> +<a name="xi.463"></a><p class="i2">Whose early foe awaiting him beside</p> +<a name="xi.464"></a><p class="i2">To have devourd, so soone as day he spyde,</p> +<span class="linenum">465</span> +<a name="xi.465"></a><p class="i2">When now he saw himselfe so freshly reare,</p> +<a name="xi.466"></a><p class="i2">As if late fight had nought him damnifyde,</p> +<a name="xi.467"></a><p class="i2">He woxe dismayd, and gan his fate to feare;</p> +<a name="xi.468"></a><p>Nathlesse with wonted rage he him advaunced neare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.liii"></a><p class="i20">LIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.469"></a><p>And in his first encounter, gaping wide,<a href="#Nt_xi.469">°</a></p> +<span class="linenum">470</span> +<a name="xi.470"></a><p class="i2">He thought attonce him to have swallowd quight,</p> +<a name="xi.471"></a><p class="i2">And rusht upon him with outragious pride;</p> +<a name="xi.472"></a><p class="i2">Who him r'encountring fierce, as hauke in flight</p> +<a name="xi.473"></a><p class="i2">Perforce rebutted backe. The weapon bright</p> +<a name="xi.474"></a><p class="i2">Taking advantage of his open jaw,</p> +<span class="linenum">475</span> +<a name="xi.475"></a><p class="i2">Ran through his mouth with so importune might,</p> +<a name="xi.476"></a><p class="i2">That deepe emperst his darksome hollow maw,</p> +<a name="xi.477"></a><p>And back retyrd,<a href="#Nt_xi.477">°</a> his life blood forth with all did draw.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.liv"></a><p class="i20">LIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.478"></a><p>So downe he fell, and forth his life did breath,</p> +<a name="xi.479"></a><p class="i2">That vanisht into smoke and cloudes swift;</p> +<span class="linenum">480</span> +<a name="xi.480"></a><p class="i2">So downe he fell, that th' earth him underneath</p> +<a name="xi.481"></a><p class="i2">Did grone, as feeble so great load to lift;</p> +<a name="xi.482"></a><p class="i2">So downe he fell, as an huge rockie clift,</p> +<a name="xi.483"></a><p class="i2">Whose false foundation waves have washt away,</p> +<a name="xi.484"></a><p class="i2">With dreadfull poyse is from the mayneland rift,</p> +<span class="linenum">485</span> +<a name="xi.485"></a><p class="i2">And rolling downe, great Neptune doth dismay;</p> +<a name="xi.486"></a><p>So downe he fell, and like an heaped mountaine lay.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xi.lv"></a><p class="i20">LV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xi.487"></a><p>The knight himselfe even trembled at his fall,</p> +<a name="xi.488"></a><p class="i2">So huge and horrible a masse it seem'd,</p> +<a name="xi.489"></a><p class="i2">And his deare Ladie, that beheld it all,</p> +<span class="linenum">490</span> +<a name="xi.490"></a><p class="i2">Durst not approch for dread, which she misdeem'd;<a href="#Nt_xi.490">°</a></p> +<a name="xi.491"></a><p class="i2">But yet at last, whenas the direfull feend</p> +<a name="xi.492"></a><p class="i2">She saw not stirre, off-shaking vaine affright,</p> +<a name="xi.493"></a><p class="i2">She nigher drew, and saw that joyous end:</p> +<a name="xi.494"></a><p class="i2">Then God she praysd, and thankt her faithfull knight,</p> +<span class="linenum">495</span> +<a name="xi.495"></a><p>That had atchieved so great a conquest by his might.</p> +</div> + +<a name="canto_XII"></a> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><b>CANTO XII</b></p> +</div> +<p class="z8">Faire Una to the Redcrosse knight,</p> +<p class="z10">betrouthed is with joy:</p> +<p class="z8">Though false Duessa it to barre</p> +<p class="z10">her false sleights doe imploy.</p> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.i"></a><p class="i20">I</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.1"></a><p>BEHOLD I see the haven nigh at hand,</p> +<a name="xii.2"></a><p class="i2">To which I meane my wearie course to bend;</p> +<a name="xii.3"></a><p class="i2">Vere the maine shete,<a href="#Nt_xii.3">°</a> and beare up with the land,</p> +<a name="xii.4"></a><p class="i2">The which afore is fairely to be kend,</p> +<span class="linenum">5</span> +<a name="xii.5"></a><p class="i2">And seemeth safe from storms that may offend;</p> +<a name="xii.6"></a><p class="i2">There this faire virgin wearie of her way</p> +<a name="xii.7"></a><p class="i2">Must landed be, now at her journeyes end:</p> +<a name="xii.8"></a><p class="i2">There eke my feeble barke a while may stay</p> +<a name="xii.9"></a><p>Till merry wind and weather call her thence away.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.ii"></a><p class="i20">II</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">10</span> +<a name="xii.10"></a><p>Scarsely had Phœbus in the glooming East</p> +<a name="xii.11"></a><p class="i2">Yet harnessed his firie-footed teeme,</p> +<a name="xii.12"></a><p class="i2">Ne reard above the earth his flaming creast;</p> +<a name="xii.13"></a><p class="i2">When the last deadly smoke aloft did steeme</p> +<a name="xii.14"></a><p class="i2">That signe of last outbreathed life did seeme</p> +<span class="linenum">15</span> +<a name="xii.15"></a><p class="i2">Unto the watchman on the castle wall,</p> +<a name="xii.16"></a><p class="i2">Who thereby dead that balefull Beast did deeme,</p> +<a name="xii.17"></a><p class="i2">And to his Lord and Ladie lowd gan call,</p> +<a name="xii.18"></a><p>To tell how he had seene the Dragons fatall fall.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.iii"></a><p class="i20">III</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.19"></a><p>Uprose with hastie joy, and feeble speed</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<a name="xii.20"></a><p class="i2">That aged Sire, the Lord of all that land,</p> +<a name="xii.21"></a><p class="i2">And looked forth, to weet if true indeede</p> +<a name="xii.22"></a><p class="i2">Those tydings were, as he did understand,</p> +<a name="xii.23"></a><p class="i2">Which whenas true by tryall he out found,</p> +<a name="xii.24"></a><p class="i2">He bad to open wyde his brazen gate,</p> +<span class="linenum">25</span> +<a name="xii.25"></a><p class="i2">Which long time had bene shut, and out of hond<a href="#Nt_xii.25">°</a></p> +<a name="xii.26"></a><p class="i2">Proclaymed joy and peace through all his state;</p> +<a name="xii.27"></a><p>For dead now was their foe which them forrayed late.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.iv"></a><p class="i20">IV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.28"></a><p>Then gan triumphant Trompets sound on hie,</p> +<a name="xii.29"></a><p class="i2">That sent to heaven the ecchoed report</p> +<span class="linenum">30</span> +<a name="xii.30"></a><p class="i2">Of their new joy, and happie victorie</p> +<a name="xii.31"></a><p class="i2">Gainst him, that had them long opprest with tort,</p> +<a name="xii.32"></a><p class="i2">And fast imprisoned in sieged fort.</p> +<a name="xii.33"></a><p class="i2">Then all the people, as in solemne feast,</p> +<a name="xii.34"></a><p class="i2">To him assembled with one full consort,</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<a name="xii.35"></a><p class="i2">Rejoycing at the fall of that great beast,</p> +<a name="xii.36"></a><p>From whose eternall bondage now they were releast.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.v"></a><p class="i20">V</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.37"></a><p>Forth came that auncient Lord and aged Queene,</p> +<a name="xii.38"></a><p class="i2">Arayd in antique robes downe to the ground,</p> +<a name="xii.39"></a><p class="i2">And sad habiliments right well beseene;</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<a name="xii.40"></a><p class="i2">A noble crew about them waited round</p> +<a name="xii.41"></a><p class="i2">Of sage and sober Peres, all gravely gownd;</p> +<a name="xii.42"></a><p class="i2">Whom farre before did march a goodly band</p> +<a name="xii.43"></a><p class="i2">Of tall young men,<a href="#Nt_xii.43">°</a> all hable armes to sownd,</p> +<a name="xii.44"></a><p class="i2">But now they laurell braunches bore in hand;</p> +<span class="linenum">45</span> +<a name="xii.45"></a><p>Glad signe of victorie and peace in all their land.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.vi"></a><p class="i20">VI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.46"></a><p>Unto that doughtie Conquerour they came,</p> +<a name="xii.47"></a><p class="i2">And him before themselves prostrating low,</p> +<a name="xii.48"></a><p class="i2">Their Lord and Patrone loud did him proclame,</p> +<a name="xii.49"></a><p class="i2">And at his feet their laurell boughes did throw.</p> +<span class="linenum">50</span> +<a name="xii.50"></a><p class="i2">Soone after them all dauncing on a row</p> +<a name="xii.51"></a><p class="i2">The comely virgins came, with girlands dight,</p> +<a name="xii.52"></a><p class="i2">As fresh as flowres in medow greene do grow,</p> +<a name="xii.53"></a><p class="i2">When morning deaw upon their leaves doth light:</p> +<a name="xii.54"></a><p>And in their hands sweet Timbrels all upheld on hight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.vii"></a><p class="i20">VII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">55</span> +<a name="xii.55"></a><p>And them before, the fry of children young</p> +<a name="xii.56"></a><p class="i2">Their wanton sports and childish mirth did play,</p> +<a name="xii.57"></a><p class="i2">And to the Maydens<a href="#Nt_xii.57">°</a> sounding tymbrels sung,</p> +<a name="xii.58"></a><p class="i2">In well attuned notes, a joyous lay,</p> +<a name="xii.59"></a><p class="i2">And made delightfull musicke all the way,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<a name="xii.60"></a><p class="i2">Untill they came, where that faire virgin stood;</p> +<a name="xii.61"></a><p class="i2">As faire Diana in fresh sommers day,</p> +<a name="xii.62"></a><p class="i2">Beholds her Nymphes enraung'd in shadie wood,</p> +<a name="xii.63"></a><p>Some wrestle, some do run, some bathe in christall flood:</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.viii"></a><p class="i20">VIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.64"></a><p>So she beheld those maydens meriment</p> +<span class="linenum">65</span> +<a name="xii.65"></a><p class="i2">With chearefull vew; who when to her they came,</p> +<a name="xii.66"></a><p class="i2">Themselves to ground with gracious humblesse bent,</p> +<a name="xii.67"></a><p class="i2">And her ador'd by honorable name,</p> +<a name="xii.68"></a><p class="i2">Lifting to heaven her everlasting fame:</p> +<a name="xii.69"></a><p class="i2">Then on her head they set a girland greene,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<a name="xii.70"></a><p class="i2">And crowned her twixt earnest and twixt game;</p> +<a name="xii.71"></a><p class="i2">Who in her self-resemblance well beseene,<a href="#Nt_xii.71">°</a></p> +<a name="xii.72"></a><p>Did seeme such, as she was, a goodly maiden Queene.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.ix"></a><p class="i20">IX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.73"></a><p>And after, all the raskall many<a href="#Nt_xii.73">°</a> ran,</p> +<a name="xii.74"></a><p class="i2">Heaped together in rude rablement,</p> +<span class="linenum">75</span> +<a name="xii.75"></a><p class="i2">To see the face of that victorious man:</p> +<a name="xii.76"></a><p class="i2">Whom all admired, as from heaven sent,</p> +<a name="xii.77"></a><p class="i2">And gazd upon with gaping wonderment.</p> +<a name="xii.78"></a><p class="i2">But when they came where that dead Dragon lay,</p> +<a name="xii.79"></a><p class="i2">Stretcht on the ground in monstrous large extent,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<a name="xii.80"></a><p class="i2">The sight with idle feare did them dismay,</p> +<a name="xii.81"></a><p>Ne durst approch him nigh, to touch, or once assay.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.x"></a><p class="i20">X</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.82"></a><p>Some feard, and fled; some feard and well it faynd;</p> +<a name="xii.83"></a><p class="i2">One that would wiser seeme then all the rest,</p> +<a name="xii.84"></a><p class="i2">Warnd him not touch, for yet perhaps remaynd</p> +<span class="linenum">85</span> +<a name="xii.85"></a><p class="i2">Some lingring life within his hollow brest,</p> +<a name="xii.86"></a><p class="i2">Or in his wombe might lurke some hidden nest</p> +<a name="xii.87"></a><p class="i2">Of many Dragonets, his fruitfull seed;</p> +<a name="xii.88"></a><p class="i2">Another said, that in his eyes did rest</p> +<a name="xii.89"></a><p class="i2">Yet sparckling fire, and bad thereof take heed;</p> +<span class="linenum">90</span> +<a name="xii.90"></a><p>Another said, he saw him move his eyes indeed.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xi"></a><p class="i20">XI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.91"></a><p>One mother, when as her foolehardie chyld</p> +<a name="xii.92"></a><p class="i2">Did come too neare, and with his talants play,</p> +<a name="xii.93"></a><p class="i2">Halfe dead through feare, her little babe revyld,</p> +<a name="xii.94"></a><p class="i2">And to her gossips gan in counsell say;</p> +<span class="linenum">95</span> +<a name="xii.95"></a><p class="i2">How can I tell, but that his talants may</p> +<a name="xii.96"></a><p class="i2">Yet scratch my sonne, or rend his tender hand?</p> +<a name="xii.97"></a><p class="i2">So diversly themselves in vaine they fray;</p> +<a name="xii.98"></a><p class="i2">Whiles some more bold, to measure him nigh stand,</p> +<a name="xii.99"></a><p>To prove how many acres he did spread of land.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xii"></a><p class="i20">XII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<a name="xii.100"></a><p>Thus flocked all the folke him round about,</p> +<a name="xii.101"></a><p class="i2">The whiles that hoarie king, with all his traine,</p> +<a name="xii.102"></a><p class="i2">Being arrived where that champion stout</p> +<a name="xii.103"></a><p class="i2">After his foes defeasance did remaine,</p> +<a name="xii.104"></a><p class="i2">Him goodly greetes, and faire does entertaine</p> +<span class="linenum">105</span> +<a name="xii.105"></a><p class="i2">With princely gifts of yvorie and gold,</p> +<a name="xii.106"></a><p class="i2">And thousand thankes him yeelds for all his paine.</p> +<a name="xii.107"></a><p class="i2">Then when his daughter deare he does behold,</p> +<a name="xii.108"></a><p>Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xiii"></a><p class="i20">XIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.109"></a><p>And after to his Pallace he them brings,</p> +<span class="linenum">110</span> +<a name="xii.110"></a><p class="i2">With shaumes, and trompets, and with Clarions sweet;</p> +<a name="xii.111"></a><p class="i2">And all the way the joyous people sings,</p> +<a name="xii.112"></a><p class="i2">And with their garments strowes the paved street:</p> +<a name="xii.113"></a><p class="i2">Whence mounting up, they find purveyance meet</p> +<a name="xii.114"></a><p class="i2">Of all that royall Princes court became,</p> +<span class="linenum">115</span> +<a name="xii.115"></a><p class="i2">And all the floore was underneath their feet</p> +<a name="xii.116"></a><p class="i2">Bespred with costly scarlot of great name,<a href="#Nt_xii.116">°</a></p> +<a name="xii.117"></a><p>On which they lowly sit, and fitting purpose frame.<a href="#Nt_xii.117">°</a></p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xiv"></a><p class="i20">XIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.118"></a><p>What needs me tell their feast and goodly guize,<a href="#Nt_xii.xiv">°</a></p> +<a name="xii.119"></a><p class="i2">In which was nothing riotous nor vaine?</p> +<span class="linenum">120</span> +<a name="xii.120"></a><p class="i2">What needs of dainty dishes to devize,</p> +<a name="xii.121"></a><p class="i2">Of comely services, or courtly trayne?</p> +<a name="xii.122"></a><p class="i2">My narrow leaves cannot in them containe</p> +<a name="xii.123"></a><p class="i2">The large discourse of royall Princes state.</p> +<a name="xii.124"></a><p class="i2">Yet was their manner then but bare and plaine:</p> +<span class="linenum">125</span> +<a name="xii.125"></a><p class="i2">For th' antique world excesse and pride did hate;</p> +<a name="xii.126"></a><p>Such proud luxurious pompe is swollen up but late.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xv"></a><p class="i20">XV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.127"></a><p>Then when with meates and drinkes of every kinde</p> +<a name="xii.128"></a><p class="i2">Their fervent appetites they quenched had,</p> +<a name="xii.129"></a><p class="i2">That auncient Lord gan fit occasion finde,</p> +<span class="linenum">130</span> +<a name="xii.130"></a><p class="i2">Of straunge adventures, and of perils sad,</p> +<a name="xii.131"></a><p class="i2">Which in his travell him befallen had,</p> +<a name="xii.132"></a><p class="i2">For to demaund of his renowmed guest:</p> +<a name="xii.133"></a><p class="i2">Who then with utt'rance grave, and count'nance sad,</p> +<a name="xii.134"></a><p class="i2">From point to point, as is before exprest,</p> +<span class="linenum">135</span> +<a name="xii.135"></a><p>Discourst his voyage long, according his request.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xvi"></a><p class="i20">XVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.136"></a><p>Great pleasures mixt with pittiful regard,</p> +<a name="xii.137"></a><p class="i2">That godly King and Queene did passionate,</p> +<a name="xii.138"></a><p class="i2">Whiles they his pittifull adventures heard,</p> +<a name="xii.139"></a><p class="i2">That oft they did lament his lucklesse state,</p> +<span class="linenum">140</span> +<a name="xii.140"></a><p class="i2">And often blame the too importune fate,</p> +<a name="xii.141"></a><p class="i2">That heaped on him so many wrathfull wreakes:</p> +<a name="xii.142"></a><p class="i2">For never gentle knight, as he of late,</p> +<a name="xii.143"></a><p class="i2">So tossed was in fortunes cruell freakes;</p> +<a name="xii.144"></a><p>And all the while salt teares bedeawd the hearers cheaks.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xvii"></a><p class="i20">XVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">145</span> +<a name="xii.145"></a><p>Then sayd the royall Pere in sober wise;</p> +<a name="xii.146"></a><p class="i2">Deare Sonne, great beene the evils which ye bore</p> +<a name="xii.147"></a><p class="i2">From first to last in your late enterprise,</p> +<a name="xii.148"></a><p class="i2">That I note whether prayse, or pitty more:</p> +<a name="xii.149"></a><p class="i2">For never living man, I weene, so sore</p> +<span class="linenum">150</span> +<a name="xii.150"></a><p class="i2">In sea of deadly daungers was distrest;</p> +<a name="xii.151"></a><p class="i2">But since now safe ye seised have the shore,</p> +<a name="xii.152"></a><p class="i2">And well arrived are, (high God be blest)</p> +<a name="xii.153"></a><p>Let us devize of ease and everlasting rest.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xviii"></a><p class="i20">XVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.154"></a><p>Ah, dearest Lord, said then that doughty knight,</p> +<span class="linenum">155</span> +<a name="xii.155"></a><p class="i2">Of ease or rest I may not yet devize,</p> +<a name="xii.156"></a><p class="i2">For by the faith, which I to armes have plight,</p> +<a name="xii.157"></a><p class="i2">I bounden am streight after this emprize,</p> +<a name="xii.158"></a><p class="i2">As that your daughter can ye well advize,</p> +<a name="xii.159"></a><p class="i2">Backe to returne to that great Faerie Queene,</p> +<span class="linenum">160</span> +<a name="xii.160"></a><p class="i2">And her to serve six yeares in warlike wize,</p> +<a name="xii.161"></a><p class="i2">Gainst that proud Paynim king<a href="#Nt_xii.161">°</a> that workes her teene</p> +<a name="xii.162"></a><p>Therefore I ought crave pardon, till I there have beene.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xix"></a><p class="i20">XIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.163"></a><p>Unhappie falles that hard necessitie,</p> +<a name="xii.164"></a><p class="i2">(Quoth he) the troubler of my happie peace,</p> +<span class="linenum">165</span> +<a name="xii.165"></a><p class="i2">And vowed foe of my felicitie;</p> +<a name="xii.166"></a><p class="i2">Ne I against the same can justly preace:</p> +<a name="xii.167"></a><p class="i2">But since that band ye cannot now release,</p> +<a name="xii.168"></a><p class="i2">Nor doen undo<a href="#Nt_xii.168">°</a>; (for vowes may not be vaine,)</p> +<a name="xii.169"></a><p class="i2">Soone as the terme of those six yeares shall cease,</p> +<span class="linenum">170</span> +<a name="xii.170"></a><p class="i2">Ye then shall hither backe returne againe,</p> +<a name="xii.171"></a><p>The marriage to accomplish vowd betwixt you twain.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xx"></a><p class="i20">XX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.172"></a><p>Which for my part I covet to performe,</p> +<a name="xii.173"></a><p class="i2">In sort as<a href="#Nt_xii.173">°</a> through the world I did proclame,</p> +<a name="xii.174"></a><p class="i2">That whoso kild that monster most deforme,</p> +<span class="linenum">175</span> +<a name="xii.175"></a><p class="i2">And him in hardy battaile overcame,</p> +<a name="xii.176"></a><p class="i2">Should have mine onely daughter to his Dame,</p> +<a name="xii.177"></a><p class="i2">And of my kingdome heyre apparaunt bee:</p> +<a name="xii.178"></a><p class="i2">Therefore since now to thee perteines the same,</p> +<a name="xii.179"></a><p class="i2">By dew desert of noble chevalree,</p> +<span class="linenum">180</span> +<a name="xii.180"></a><p>Both daughter and eke kingdome, lo, I yield to thee.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxi"></a><p class="i20">XXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.181"></a><p>Then forth he called that his daughter faire,</p> +<a name="xii.182"></a><p class="i2">The fairest Un' his onely daughter deare,</p> +<a name="xii.183"></a><p class="i2">His onely daughter, and his onely heyre;</p> +<a name="xii.184"></a><p class="i2">Who forth proceeding with sad sober cheare,</p> +<span class="linenum">185</span> +<a name="xii.185"></a><p class="i2">As bright as doth the morning starre appeare</p> +<a name="xii.186"></a><p class="i2">Out of the East, with flaming lockes bedight,</p> +<a name="xii.187"></a><p class="i2">To tell that dawning day is drawing neare,</p> +<a name="xii.188"></a><p class="i2">And to the world does bring long wished light:</p> +<a name="xii.189"></a><p>So faire and fresh that Lady shewd her selfe in sight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxii"></a><p class="i20">XXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">190</span> +<a name="xii.190"></a><p>So faire and fresh, as freshest flowre in May;</p> +<a name="xii.191"></a><p class="i2">For she had layd her mournefull stole aside,</p> +<a name="xii.192"></a><p class="i2">And widow-like sad wimple throwne away,</p> +<a name="xii.193"></a><p class="i2">Wherewith her heavenly beautie she did hide,</p> +<a name="xii.194"></a><p class="i2">Whiles on her wearie journey she did ride;</p> +<span class="linenum">195</span> +<a name="xii.195"></a><p class="i2">And on her now a garment she did weare,</p> +<a name="xii.196"></a><p class="i2">All lilly white, withoutten spot, or pride,</p> +<a name="xii.197"></a><p class="i2">That seemd like silke and silver woven neare,</p> +<a name="xii.198"></a><p>But neither silke nor silver therein did appeare.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.199"></a><p>The blazing brightnesse of her beauties beame,</p> +<span class="linenum">200</span> +<a name="xii.200"></a><p class="i2">And glorious light of her sunshyny face,</p> +<a name="xii.201"></a><p class="i2">To tell, were as to strive against the streame;</p> +<a name="xii.202"></a><p class="i2">My ragged rimes are all too rude and bace,</p> +<a name="xii.203"></a><p class="i2">Her heavenly lineaments for to enchace.</p> +<a name="xii.204"></a><p class="i2">Ne wonder; for her owne deare loved knight,</p> +<span class="linenum">205</span> +<a name="xii.205"></a><p class="i2">All were she<a href="#Nt_xii.205">°</a> dayly with himselfe in place,</p> +<a name="xii.206"></a><p class="i2">Did wonder much at her celestiall sight:</p> +<a name="xii.207"></a><p>Oft had he seene her faire, but never so faire dight.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.208"></a><p>So fairely dight, when she in presence came,</p> +<a name="xii.209"></a><p class="i2">She to her Sire made humble reverence,</p> +<span class="linenum">210</span> +<a name="xii.210"></a><p class="i2">And bowed low, that her right well became,</p> +<a name="xii.211"></a><p class="i2">And added grace unto her excellence:</p> +<a name="xii.212"></a><p class="i2">Who with great wisedome and grave eloquence</p> +<a name="xii.213"></a><p class="i2">Thus gan to say. But eare he thus had said,</p> +<a name="xii.214"></a><p class="i2">With flying speede, and seeming great pretence</p> +<span class="linenum">215</span> +<a name="xii.215"></a><p class="i2">Came running in, much like a man dismaid,</p> +<a name="xii.216"></a><p>A Messenger with letters, which his message said.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxv"></a><p class="i20">XXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.217"></a><p>All in the open hall amazed stood</p> +<a name="xii.218"></a><p class="i2">At suddeinnesse of that unwarie sight,</p> +<a name="xii.219"></a><p class="i2">And wondred at his breathlesse hastie mood.</p> +<span class="linenum">220</span> +<a name="xii.220"></a><p class="i2">But he for nought would stay his passage right,</p> +<a name="xii.221"></a><p class="i2">Till fast before the king he did alight;</p> +<a name="xii.222"></a><p class="i2">Where falling flat, great humblesse he did make,</p> +<a name="xii.223"></a><p class="i2">And kist the ground, whereon his foot was pight;</p> +<a name="xii.224"></a><p class="i2">Then to his hands that writ he did betake,</p> +<span class="linenum">225</span> +<a name="xii.225"></a><p>Which he disclosing, red thus, as the paper spake.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.226"></a><p>To thee, most mighty king of Eden faire,</p> +<a name="xii.227"></a><p class="i2">Her greeting sends in these sad lines addrest,</p> +<a name="xii.228"></a><p class="i2">The wofull daughter, and forsaken heire</p> +<a name="xii.229"></a><p class="i2">Of that great Emperour of all the West;</p> +<span class="linenum">230</span> +<a name="xii.230"></a><p class="i2">And bids thee be advized for the best,</p> +<a name="xii.231"></a><p class="i2">Ere thou thy daughter linck in holy band</p> +<a name="xii.232"></a><p class="i2">Of wedlocke to that new unknowen guest:</p> +<a name="xii.233"></a><p class="i2">For he already plighted his right hand</p> +<a name="xii.234"></a><p>Unto another love, and to another land.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">235</span> +<a name="xii.235"></a><p>To me sad mayd, or rather widow sad,</p> +<a name="xii.236"></a><p class="i2">He was affiaunced long time before,</p> +<a name="xii.237"></a><p class="i2">And sacred pledges he both gave, and had,</p> +<a name="xii.238"></a><p class="i2">False erraunt knight, infamous, and forswore:</p> +<a name="xii.239"></a><p class="i2">Witnesse the burning Altars, which he swore,</p> +<span class="linenum">240</span> +<a name="xii.240"></a><p class="i2">And guiltie heavens of his bold perjury,</p> +<a name="xii.241"></a><p class="i2">Which though he hath polluted oft of yore,</p> +<a name="xii.242"></a><p class="i2">Yet I to them for judgement just do fly,</p> +<a name="xii.243"></a><p>And them conjure t'avenge this shamefull injury.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.244"></a><p>Therefore since mine he is, or free or bond,</p> +<span class="linenum">245</span> +<a name="xii.245"></a><p class="i2">Or false or trew, or living or else dead,</p> +<a name="xii.246"></a><p class="i2">Withhold, O soveraine Prince, your hasty hond</p> +<a name="xii.247"></a><p class="i2">From knitting league with him, I you aread;</p> +<a name="xii.248"></a><p class="i2">Ne weene my right with strength adowne to tread,</p> +<a name="xii.249"></a><p class="i2">Through weaknesse of my widowhed, or woe;</p> +<span class="linenum">250</span> +<a name="xii.250"></a><p class="i2">For truth is strong her rightfull cause to plead,</p> +<a name="xii.251"></a><p class="i2">And shall find friends, if need requireth soe.</p> +<a name="xii.252"></a><p>So bids thee well to fare, Thy neither friend, nor foe, <i>Fidessa</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxix"></a><p class="i20">XXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.253"></a><p>When he these bitter byting wordes had red,</p> +<a name="xii.254"></a><p class="i2">The tydings straunge did him abashed make,</p> +<span class="linenum">255</span> +<a name="xii.255"></a><p class="i2">That still he sate long time astonished,</p> +<a name="xii.256"></a><p class="i2">As in great muse, ne word to creature spake.</p> +<a name="xii.257"></a><p class="i2">At last his solemne silence thus he brake,</p> +<a name="xii.258"></a><p class="i2">With doubtfull eyes fast fixed on his guest;</p> +<a name="xii.259"></a><p class="i2">Redoubted knight, that for mine onely sake</p> +<span class="linenum">260</span> +<a name="xii.260"></a><p class="i2">Thy life and honour late adventurest,</p> +<a name="xii.261"></a><p>Let nought be hid from me, that ought to be exprest.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxx"></a><p class="i20">XXX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.262"></a><p>What meane these bloody vowes, and idle threats,</p> +<a name="xii.263"></a><p class="i2">Throwne out from womanish impatient mind?</p> +<a name="xii.264"></a><p class="i2">What heavens? what altars? what enraged heates</p> +<span class="linenum">265</span> +<a name="xii.265"></a><p class="i2">Here heaped up with termes of love unkind,</p> +<a name="xii.266"></a><p class="i2">My conscience cleare with guilty bands would bind?</p> +<a name="xii.267"></a><p class="i2">High God be witnesse, that I guiltlesse ame.</p> +<a name="xii.268"></a><p class="i2">But if your selfe, Sir knight, ye faultie find,</p> +<a name="xii.269"></a><p class="i2">Or wrapped be in loves of former Dame,</p> +<span class="linenum">270</span> +<a name="xii.270"></a><p>With crime do not it cover, but disclose the same.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxi"></a><p class="i20">XXXI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.271"></a><p>To whom the Redcrosse knight this answere sent</p> +<a name="xii.272"></a><p class="i2">My Lord, my King, be nought hereat dismayd,</p> +<a name="xii.273"></a><p class="i2">Till well ye wote by grave intendiment,</p> +<a name="xii.274"></a><p class="i2">What woman, and wherefere doth me upbrayd</p> +<span class="linenum">275</span> +<a name="xii.275"></a><p class="i2">With breach of love, and loyalty betrayd.</p> +<a name="xii.276"></a><p class="i2">It was in my mishaps, as hitherward</p> +<a name="xii.277"></a><p class="i2">I lately traveild, that unwares I strayd</p> +<a name="xii.278"></a><p class="i2">Out of my way, through perils straunge and hard;</p> +<a name="xii.279"></a><p>That day should faile me, ere I had them all declard.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxii"></a><p class="i20">XXXII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">280</span> +<a name="xii.280"></a><p>There did I find, or rather I was found</p> +<a name="xii.281"></a><p class="i2">Of this false woman, that Fidessa hight,</p> +<a name="xii.282"></a><p class="i2">Fidessa hight the falsest Dame on ground,</p> +<a name="xii.283"></a><p class="i2">Most false Duessa, royall richly dight,</p> +<a name="xii.284"></a><p class="i2">That easy was to invegle weaker sight:</p> +<span class="linenum">285</span> +<a name="xii.285"></a><p class="i2">Who by her wicked arts, and wylie skill,</p> +<a name="xii.286"></a><p class="i2">Too false and strong for earthly skill or might,</p> +<a name="xii.287"></a><p class="i2">Unwares me wrought unto her wicked will,</p> +<a name="xii.288"></a><p>And to my foe betrayd, when least I feared ill.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxiii"></a><p class="i20">XXXIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.289"></a><p>Then stepped forth the goodly royall Mayd,</p> +<span class="linenum">290</span> +<a name="xii.290"></a><p class="i2">And on the ground her selfe prostrating low,</p> +<a name="xii.291"></a><p class="i2">With sober countenaunce thus to him sayd;</p> +<a name="xii.292"></a><p class="i2">O pardon me, my soveraigne Lord, to show</p> +<a name="xii.293"></a><p class="i2">The secret treasons, which of late I know</p> +<a name="xii.294"></a><p class="i2">To have bene wroght by that false sorceresse.</p> +<span class="linenum">295</span> +<a name="xii.295"></a><p class="i2">She onely she it is, that earst did throw</p> +<a name="xii.296"></a><p class="i2">This gentle knight into so great distresse,</p> +<a name="xii.297"></a><p>That death him did awaite in dayly wretchednesse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxiv"></a><p class="i20">XXXIV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.298"></a><p>And now it seemes, that she suborned hath</p> +<a name="xii.299"></a><p class="i2">This craftie messenger with letters vaine,</p> +<span class="linenum">300</span> +<a name="xii.300"></a><p class="i2">To worke new woe and unprovided scath,</p> +<a name="xii.301"></a><p class="i2">By breaking of the band betwixt us twaine;</p> +<a name="xii.302"></a><p class="i2">Wherein she used hath the practicke paine</p> +<a name="xii.303"></a><p class="i2">Of this false footman, clokt with simplenesse,</p> +<a name="xii.304"></a><p class="i2">Whom if ye please for to discover plaine,</p> +<span class="linenum">305</span> +<a name="xii.305"></a><p class="i2">Ye shall him Archimago find, I ghesse,</p> +<a name="xii.306"></a><p>The falsest man alive; who tries shall find no lesse.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxv"></a><p class="i20">XXXV</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.307"></a><p>The king was greatly moved at her speach,</p> +<a name="xii.308"></a><p class="i2">And, all with suddein indignation fraight,</p> +<a name="xii.309"></a><p class="i2">Bad on that Messenger rude hands to reach.</p> +<span class="linenum">310</span> +<a name="xii.310"></a><p class="i2">Eftsoones the Gard, which on his state did wait,</p> +<a name="xii.311"></a><p class="i2">Attacht that faitor false, and bound him strait:</p> +<a name="xii.312"></a><p class="i2">Who seeming sorely chauffed at his band,</p> +<a name="xii.313"></a><p class="i2">As chained Beare, whom cruell dogs do bait,<a href="#Nt_xii.313">°</a></p> +<a name="xii.314"></a><p class="i2">With idle force did faine them to withstand,</p> +<span class="linenum">315</span> +<a name="xii.315"></a><p>And often semblaunce made to scape out of their hand.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxvi"></a><p class="i20">XXXVI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.316"></a><p>But they him layd full low in dungeon deepe,</p> +<a name="xii.317"></a><p class="i2">And bound him hand and foote with yron chains</p> +<a name="xii.318"></a><p class="i2">And with continual watch did warely keepe:</p> +<a name="xii.319"></a><p class="i2">Who then would thinke, that by his subtile trains</p> +<span class="linenum">320</span> +<a name="xii.320"></a><p class="i2">He could escape fowle death or deadly paines?</p> +<a name="xii.321"></a><p class="i2">Thus when that princes wrath was pacifide,</p> +<a name="xii.322"></a><p class="i2">He gan renew the late forbidden bains,</p> +<a name="xii.323"></a><p class="i2">And to the knight his daughter dear he tyde,</p> +<a name="xii.324"></a><p>With sacred rites and vowes for ever to abyde.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxvii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">325</span> +<a name="xii.325"></a><p>His owne two hands the holy knots did knit,</p> +<a name="xii.326"></a><p class="i2">That none but death for ever can devide;</p> +<a name="xii.327"></a><p class="i2">His owne two hands, for such a turne most fit,</p> +<a name="xii.328"></a><p class="i2">The housling fire<a href="#Nt_xii.328">°</a> did kindle and provide,</p> +<a name="xii.329"></a><p class="i2">And holy water thereon sprinckled wide;</p> +<span class="linenum">330</span> +<a name="xii.330"></a><p class="i2">At which the bushy Teade a groome did light,</p> +<a name="xii.331"></a><p class="i2">And sacred lamp in secret chamber hide,</p> +<a name="xii.332"></a><p class="i2">Where it should not be quenched day nor night,</p> +<a name="xii.333"></a><p>For feare of evill fates, but burnen ever bright.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxviii"></a><p class="i20">XXXVIII</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.334"></a><p>Then gan they sprinckle all the posts with wine,</p> +<span class="linenum">335</span> +<a name="xii.335"></a><p class="i2">And made great feast to solemnize that day;</p> +<a name="xii.336"></a><p class="i2">They all perfumde with frankencense divine,</p> +<a name="xii.337"></a><p class="i2">And precious odours fetcht from far away,</p> +<a name="xii.338"></a><p class="i2">That all the house did sweat with great aray:</p> +<a name="xii.339"></a><p class="i2">And all the while sweete Musicke did apply</p> +<span class="linenum">340</span> +<a name="xii.340"></a><p class="i2">Her curious skill, the warbling notes to play,</p> +<a name="xii.341"></a><p class="i2">To drive away the dull Melancholy;</p> +<a name="xii.342"></a><p>The whiles one sung a song of love and jollity.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xxxix"></a><p class="i20">XXXIX</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.343"></a><p>During the which there was an heavenly noise</p> +<a name="xii.344"></a><p class="i2">Heard sound through all the Pallace pleasantly,</p> +<span class="linenum">345</span> +<a name="xii.345"></a><p class="i2">Like as it had bene many an Angels voice</p> +<a name="xii.346"></a><p class="i2">Singing before th' eternall Majesty,</p> +<a name="xii.347"></a><p class="i2">In their trinall triplicities<a href="#Nt_xii.347">°</a> on hye;</p> +<a name="xii.348"></a><p class="i2">Yet wist no creature whence that heavenly sweet</p> +<a name="xii.349"></a><p class="i2">Proceeded, yet eachone felt secretly</p> +<span class="linenum">350</span> +<a name="xii.350"></a><p class="i2">Himselfe thereby reft of his sences meet,</p> +<a name="xii.351"></a><p>And ravished with rare impression in his sprite.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xl"></a><p class="i20">XL</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.352"></a><p>Great joy was made that day of young and old,</p> +<a name="xii.353"></a><p class="i2">And solemne feast proclaimd throughout the land,</p> +<a name="xii.354"></a><p class="i2">That their exceeding merth may not be told:</p> +<span class="linenum">355</span> +<a name="xii.355"></a><p class="i2">Suffice it heare by signes to understand</p> +<a name="xii.356"></a><p class="i2">The usuall joyes at knitting of loves band.</p> +<a name="xii.357"></a><p class="i2">Thrise happy man the knight himselfe did hold,</p> +<a name="xii.358"></a><p class="i2">Possessed of his Ladies hart and hand,</p> +<a name="xii.359"></a><p class="i2">And ever, when his eye did her behold,</p> +<span class="linenum">360</span> +<a name="xii.360"></a><p>His heart did seeme to melt in pleasures manifold.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xli"></a><p class="i20">XLI</p> +<p> </p> +<a name="xii.361"></a><p>Her joyous presence, and sweet company</p> +<a name="xii.362"></a><p class="i2">In full content he there did long enjoy;</p> +<a name="xii.363"></a><p class="i2">Ne wicked envie, ne vile gealosy,</p> +<a name="xii.364"></a><p class="i2">His deare delights were able to annoy:</p> +<span class="linenum">365</span> +<a name="xii.365"></a><p class="i2">Yet swimming in that sea of blissfull joy,</p> +<a name="xii.366"></a><p class="i2">He nought forgot how he whilome had sworne,</p> +<a name="xii.367"></a><p class="i2">In case he could that monstrous beast destroy,</p> +<a name="xii.368"></a><p class="i2">Unto his Faerie Queene backe to returne;</p> +<a name="xii.369"></a><p>The which he shortly did, and Una left to mourne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<a name="xii.xlii"></a><p class="i20">XLII</p> +<p> </p> +<span class="linenum">370</span> +<a name="xii.370"></a><p>Now strike your sailes ye jolly Mariners,</p> +<a name="xii.371"></a><p class="i2">For we be come unto a quiet rode,</p> +<a name="xii.372"></a><p class="i2">Where we must land some of our passengers,</p> +<a name="xii.373"></a><p class="i2">And light this wearie vessell of her lode.</p> +<a name="xii.374"></a><p class="i2">Here she a while may make her safe abode,</p> +<span class="linenum">375</span> +<a name="xii.375"></a><p class="i2">Till she repaired have her tackles spent,<a href="#Nt_xii.375">°</a></p> +<a name="xii.376"></a><p class="i2">And wants supplide. And then againe abroad</p> +<a name="xii.377"></a><p class="i2">On the long voyage whereto she is bent:</p> +<a name="xii.378"></a><p>Well may she speede and fairely finish her intent.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<a name="notes"></a> + <p>NOTES</p> + + <p><b>Line</b> <a name="Nt_Int.1"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.1">1.</a> + <b>Lo I the man.</b>... An imitation of the opening lines of Vergil's + <i>Aeneid</i>:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena</p> + <p>Carmen,...</p> + <p>Gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Referring to his <i>Shepheards Calender</i> (1579) Spenser thus + gracefully indicates his change from pastoral to epic poetry.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.5"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.5">5-</a>9. <b>Knights + and Ladies.</b> The poet here imitates the opening of Ariosto's + <i>Orlando Furioso</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.10"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.10">10.</a> <b>O holy + virgin chiefe of nine,</b> refers to Clio, the muse of history. Spenser + should have invoked Calliope, the muse of poetry.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.14"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.14">14.</a> <b>Of + Faerie knights,</b> the the champions of Gloriana, the queen of + Faerieland. <b>fairest Tanaquill,</b> a British princess, daughter of + Oberon, king of Faerieland. In the allegory she is Queen Elizabeth.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.15"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.15">15.</a> <b>that + most noble briton prince</b> is Prince Arthur, the perfect knight, who is + in love with Gloriana. In the allegory the Earl of Leicester is probably + meant, though by one tradition Sir Philip Sidney is identified with + Prince Arthur.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.19"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.19">19.</a> <b>impe of + highest jove,</b> Cupid, the god of love, and son of Jupiter and Venus. + He is represented as armed with an ebony bow (l. 23).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.25"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.25">25.</a> + <b>triumphant mart,</b> Mars, the god of war. The spelling is that of the + Italians and Chaucer.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.28"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.28">28.</a> <b>O + Goddesse heavenly bright,</b> Queen Elizabeth (aged 56), who was fond of + such extravagant flattery, and expected it of all her courtiers.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.31"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.31">31.</a> <b>Phoebus + lampe,</b> Apollo, the sun-god.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.34"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.34">34.</a> + <b>glorious type of thine,</b> the Lady Una, who stands for Truth in the + allegory.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.35"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.35">35.</a> <b>The + argument of mine afflicted stile,</b> the subject of my humble pen. + "<i>Afflicted</i>" has the original Latin sense of "cast down."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_Int.36"></a><a class="b" href="#Int.36">36.</a> <b>O + dearest dred,</b> O beloved object of reverence; a common salutation of + royalty.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_I">CANTO I</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot:</i> At the bidding of Gloriana, the Redcross Knight + undertakes to deliver Una's parents from a dragon who holds them captive. + He sets out upon his quest attended by a dwarf and guided by Una, mounted + on an ass and leading a lamb. They are driven by a storm into a forest, + where they discover the cave of Error, who is slain by the Knight. They + are then beguiled into the house of Archimago, an old enchanter. By his + magic he leads the Knight in a dream to believe that Una is false to him, + and thus separates them.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory:</i> 1. Holiness, the love of God, united with + Truth, the knowledge of God, is to deliver man from the thraldom of the + Devil. Together they are able to overthrow Error; but Hypocrisy + deceitfully alienates Holiness from Truth by making the latter appear + unworthy of love.</p> + + <p>2. There is a hint of the intrigues of the false Roman church and the + treacherous Spanish king, Philip II, to undermine the religious and + political freedom of the English people. The English nation, following + the Reformed church, overthrows the Catholic faith, but is deceived by + the machinations of Spanish diplomacy.</p> + + <p><b>Line</b> <a name="Nt_i.1"></a><a class="b" href="#i.1">1.</a> <b>A + gentle knight,</b> the Redcross Knight, representing the church militant, + and Reformed England. He is the young, untried champion of the old cause + whose struggles before the Reformation are referred to in ll. 3, 4. His + shield bore "a cross gules upon a field argent," a red cross on a silver + ground. See <i>The Birth of St. George</i> in Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, + iii, 3, and Malory's <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>, iii, 65.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.15"></a><a class="b" href="#i.15">15.</a> <b>For + soveraine hope,</b> as a sign of the supreme hope.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.20"></a><a class="b" href="#i.20">20.</a> <b>Greatest + Gloriana,</b> Queen Elizabeth. In other books of <i>The Faerie Queene</i> + she is called Belphoebe, the patroness of chastity, and Britomart, the + military genius of Britain.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.27"></a><a class="b" href="#i.27">27.</a> <b>A + Dragon,</b> "the great dragon, that old serpent, called the devil," + <i>Revelation</i>, xii, 9, also Rome and Spain. Cf. legend of St. George + and the dragon, and Fletcher's <i>Purple Island</i>, vii <i>seq.</i></p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.28"></a><a class="b" href="#i.28">28.</a> <b>a lovely + Ladie,</b> Una, the personification of truth and true religion. Her lamb + symbolizes innocence.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.46"></a><a class="b" href="#i.46">46.</a> <b>a + Dwarfe,</b> representing prudence, or common sense; according to Morley, + the flesh.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.56"></a><a class="b" href="#i.56">56.</a> <b>A shadie + grove,</b> the wood of Error. "By it Spenser shadows forth the danger + surrounding the mind that escapes from the bondage of Roman authority and + thinks for itself."—Kitchin. The description of the wood is an + imitation of Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, i, 37, Chaucer's + <i>Assembly of Foules</i>, 176, and Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, + iii, 75. Morley sees in this grove an allegory of man's life, the trees + symbolizing trade, pleasure, youth, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.69"></a><a class="b" href="#i.69">69.</a> <b>The sayling + Pine.</b> Ships were built of pine.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.70"></a><a class="b" href="#i.70">70.</a> <b>the Loplar + never dry,</b> because it grows best in moist soil.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.71"></a><a class="b" href="#i.71">71.</a> <b>The builder + Oake.</b> In the Middle Ages most manor houses and churches were built of + oak.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.72"></a><a class="b" href="#i.72">72.</a> <b>the + Cypresse funerall,</b> an emblem of death among the ancients, and sacred + to Pluto. Sidney says that they were wont to dress graves with cypress + branches in old times.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.73"></a><a class="b" href="#i.73">73.</a> <b>The + Laurell.</b> Victors at the Pythian games and triumphing Roman generals + were crowned with laurel. It was also sacred to Apollo, the god of + poetry, hence "meed of poets sage."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.74"></a><a class="b" href="#i.74">74.</a> <b>the Firre + that weepeth still.</b> The fir exudes resinous substance.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.75"></a><a class="b" href="#i.75">75.</a> <b>The + Willow.</b> "Willows: a sad tree, whereof such who have lost their love + make their mourning garlands."—Fuller's <i>Worthies</i>, i, 153. + Cf. Heywood's <i>Song of the Green Willow</i>, and Desdemona's song in + <i>Othello</i>, IV, iii, 39.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.76"></a><a class="b" href="#i.76">76.</a> <b>The + Eugh.</b> Ascham in his <i>Toxophilus</i> tells us that the best bows + were made of yew.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.78"></a><a class="b" href="#i.78">78.</a> <b>the + Mirrhe,</b> the Arabian myrtle, which exudes a bitter but fragrant gum. + The allusion is to the wounding of Myrrha by her father and her + metamorphosis into this tree.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.79"></a><a class="b" href="#i.79">79.</a> <b>The warlike + Beech,</b> because lances and other arms were made of it. <b>the Ash for + nothing ill.</b> "The uses of the ash is one of the most universal: it + serves the souldier, the carpenter, the wheelwright, cartwright, cooper, + turner, and thatcher."—Evelyn's <i>Sylva</i>. The great tree + Igdrasil in the northern mythology was an ash.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.81"></a><a class="b" href="#i.81">81.</a> <b>The carver + Holme,</b> or evergreen oak, was good for carving.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.106"></a><a class="b" href="#i.106">106.</a> <b>shame + were to revoke,</b> etc., it would be cowardly not to go forward for fear + of some suspected unseen danger.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.114"></a><a class="b" href="#i.114">114.</a> <b>the + wandring wood,</b> <i>i.e.</i> which causes men to go astray.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.123"></a><a class="b" href="#i.123">123.</a> + <b>monster.</b> The description of the monster Error, or Falsehood, is + based on Hesiod's Echidna, <i>Theog</i>. 301, and the locusts in + <i>Revelation</i>, ix, 7-10. She is half human, half serpent, because + error is partly true and partly false. Dante's Fraud and Milton's Sin are + similar monsters.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.126"></a><a class="b" href="#i.126">126.</a> <b>full of + vile disdaine,</b> full of vileness that bred disgust in the + beholder.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.130"></a><a class="b" href="#i.130">130.</a> <b>Of her + there bred,</b> etc., of her were born a thousand young ones. Her + offspring are lies and rumors of many shapes.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.141"></a><a class="b" href="#i.141">141.</a> <b>Armed to + point,</b> completely armed. Cf. Fr. <i>ą point</i>, to a nicety.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.145"></a><a class="b" href="#i.145">145.</a> <b>the + valiant elfe,</b> because he was the reputed son of an Elfin or Faerie, + though really sprung from "an ancient race of Saxon kings." Three kinds + of elves are mentioned in the <i>Edda</i>: the black dwarfs, and + brownies, who both dwelt under ground, and the fair elves, who dwelt in + Fairyland or Alfheim. "The difference between Spenser's elves and these + Teutonic elves shows how he perverts Fairy mythology in the same way as + he does Classical myths."—Percival.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.168"></a><a class="b" href="#i.168">168.</a> <b>His gall + did grate for griefe,</b> his anger was aroused on account of pain. In + the old anatomy anger had its seat in the gallbladder. See Burton's + <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>, I, i, 2.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.177"></a><a class="b" href="#i.177">177.</a> <b>Her + vomit full of bookes,</b> etc. From 1570, when Pope Sixtus V issued his + bull of deposition against Queen Elizabeth, to 1590, great numbers of + scurrilous pamphlets attacking the Queen and the Reformed church had been + disseminated by Jesuit refugees.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.181"></a><a class="b" href="#i.181">181.</a> + <b>Nilus.</b> Pliny believed that the mud of the Nile had the power of + breeding living creatures like mice. <i>Hist. Nat.</i> ix, 84. So + Shakespeare, <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, II, vii, 29.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.199"></a><a class="b" href="#i.199">199.</a> <b>gentle + shepheard.</b> In this pastoral simile, Spenser imitates Homer's + <i>Iliad</i>, ii, 469, and xvii, 641, and Ariosto's <i>Orlando + Furioso</i>, xiv, 109.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.208"></a><a class="b" href="#i.208">208.</a> <b>Thus ill + bestedd.</b> There is a similar combat in the old romance <i>Guy of + Warwick</i>, ix, between the hero and a man-eating dragon.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.217"></a><a class="b" href="#i.217">217.</a> <b>Her + scattred brood.</b> The poet here follows a belief as old as Pliny that + the young of serpents fed on their mother's blood. In this entire passage + the details are too revolting for modern taste.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.232"></a><a class="b" href="#i.232">232.</a> <b>the + which them nurst.</b> The antecedent of <i>which</i> is <i>her</i>. In + the sixteenth century <i>the</i> was frequently placed before + <i>which</i>, which was also the equivalent of <i>who</i>. Cf. the Lord's + Prayer.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.234"></a><a class="b" href="#i.234">234.</a> <b>he + should contend,</b> he should have had to contend.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.237"></a><a class="b" href="#i.237">237.</a> <b>borne + under happy starre.</b> Belief in astrology was once common, and Spenser + being a Pythagorean would hold the doctrine of the influence of the stars + on human destiny.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.239"></a><a class="b" href="#i.239">239.</a> <b>that + Armorie,</b> the armor of the Christian warrior. <i>Ephesians</i>, vi, + 13.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.243"></a><a class="b" href="#i.243">243.</a> <b>that + like succeed it may,</b> that like successful adventures may succeed it. + The word order is inverted for the sake of the rhyme.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.250"></a><a class="b" href="#i.250">250.</a> <b>to + frend,</b> as his friend.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.254"></a><a class="b" href="#i.254">254.</a> <b>An aged + Sire,</b> the false enchanter, Archimago, or Hypocrisy, who is supposed + to represent Pope Sixtus V or King Philip II of Spain. In general he + stands for false religion or the Church of Rome. The character and + adventure are taken from <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, ii, 12, in which there + is a hypocritical hermit. The Knight at first takes Archimago to be a + palmer, and inquires for the foreign news.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.295"></a><a class="b" href="#i.295">295.</a> <b>take up + your In,</b> take lodging.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.301"></a><a class="b" href="#i.301">301.</a> <b>a little + wyde,</b> a little way off.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.315"></a><a class="b" href="#i.315">315.</a> <b>an + Ave-Mary,</b> Hail Mary, a prayer to the Virgin. Cf. <i>Luke</i>, i, + 28.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.317"></a><a class="b" href="#i.317">317.</a> <b>the sad + humour,</b> the heavy moisture, or "slombring deaw."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.318"></a><a class="b" href="#i.318">318.</a> + <b>morpheus,</b> the son of Somnus and god of sleep and dreams, who + sprinkled the dew of sleep on the brow of mortals from his horn or wings + or from a bough dipped in Lethe.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.323"></a><a class="b" href="#i.323">323.</a> <b>His + Magick bookes and artes.</b> Monks engaged in scientific investigation, + such as Friar Roger Bacon, were popularly supposed to use cabalistic + books, and to make compacts with the Devil by means of necromancy, or the + black art, as in st. xxxvii. Before the close of the century Marlowe's + <i>Doctor Faustus</i> and Greene's <i>Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay</i>, + both based on the popular belief in magic, were presented on the London + stage.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.328"></a><a class="b" href="#i.328">328.</a> <b>blacke + Plutoes griesly Dame,</b> Proserpine, the avenger of men, and inflicter + of curses on the dead. She is identified with Shakespeare's Hecate, the + goddess of sorcery, and with Milton's Cotytto, goddess of lust. To this + latter sin the knight is tempted.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.332"></a><a class="b" href="#i.332">332.</a> <b>Great + Gorgon,</b> Demogorgon, whose name might not be uttered, a magician who + had power over the spirits of the lower world. The poet is here imitating + the Latin poets Lucan and Statius.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.333"></a><a class="b" href="#i.333">333.</a> + <b>Cocytus,</b> the river of wailing, and <b>Styx,</b> the river of hate, + both in Hades. There were two others, <i>Acheron</i>, the river of + sorrow, and <i>Phlegethon</i>, the river of fire.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.335"></a><a class="b" href="#i.335">335.</a> <b>Legions + of Sprights.</b> In this stanza and the preceding Spenser follows Tasso's + <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, xiii, 6-11, where the magician Ismeno, + guarding the Enchanted Wood, conjures "legions of devils" with the + "mighty name" (l. 332).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.339"></a><a class="b" href="#i.339">339.</a> + <b>chose.</b> Imitation of Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, ii, 15, in + which a false spirit is called up by a hypocritical hermit. The + description of the House of Sleep in st. xxxix <i>seq</i>. is modelled on + the same poet, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, ii, 15 <i>seq</i>. The influence + of Homer's <i>Odyssey</i>, xi, 16 is seen in st. <a + href="#i.xxxix">xxxix</a>, ll. 348 <i>seq</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.348"></a><a class="b" href="#i.348">348.</a> + <b>Tethys,</b> the ocean. In classical mythology she is the daughter of + Uranus (heaven) and Gaea (earth), and the wife of Oceanus.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.349"></a><a class="b" href="#i.349">349.</a> + <b>Cynthia,</b> the moon. The allusion is to the story of Diana and + Endymion. See Lyly's play <i>Endymion</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.352"></a><a class="b" href="#i.352">352.</a> <b>Whose + double gates.</b> Homer, <i>Odyssey</i>, xix, 562, and Vergil, + <i>Aeneid</i>, vi, 893, give the House of Dreams a horn and an ivory + gate. Spenser substitutes silver for horn, mirrors being overlaid with + silver in his time. From the ivory gate issued false dreams; from the + other, true ones.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.361"></a><a class="b" href="#i.361">361.</a> <b>slumber + soft.</b> This stanza shows Spenser's wonderful technique. His exquisite + effects are produced, it will be noticed, partly by the choice of musical + words and partly by the rhythmical cadence of the verse phrases. It is an + example of perfect "keeping," or adaptation of sound to sense. Cf. + Chaucer's description of the waterfalls in the Cave of Sleep in his + <i>Boke of the Duchesse</i>, 162.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.376"></a><a class="b" href="#i.376">376.</a> <b>whose + dryer braine,</b> whose brain too dry. In the old physiology, a dry brain + was the cause of slow and weak perception, and a moist brain of + quickness.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.378"></a><a class="b" href="#i.378">378.</a> <b>all,</b> + entirely, altogether.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.381"></a><a class="b" href="#i.381">381.</a> + <b>Hecate,</b> queen of phantoms and demons in Hades, and mistress of + witches on earth. See xxxvii.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.387"></a><a class="b" href="#i.387">387.</a> <b>the + sleepers sent,</b> the sleeper's sense.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.405"></a><a class="b" href="#i.405">405.</a> <b>most + like to seeme,</b> etc.. most likely fit to seem for (represent) Una. + <i>Like</i> is an adv. A very awkward inversion.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.411"></a><a class="b" href="#i.411">411.</a> <b>borne + without her dew,</b> <i>i.e.</i> created by him in an unnatural + manner.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.425"></a><a class="b" href="#i.425">425.</a> <b>Fayre + Venus,</b> the daughter of Jupiter, or Zeus, and the sea-nymph Dione. She + is the same as Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.430"></a><a class="b" href="#i.430">430.</a> <b>the + Graces,</b> Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and Thalia, daughters of Zeus and + Aphrodite.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.431"></a><a class="b" href="#i.431">431.</a> <b>Hymen Iö + Hymen,</b> refrain of an old Roman nuptial song. Hymen, the son of Apollo + and the Muse Urania, was the god of marriage.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.432"></a><a class="b" href="#i.432">432.</a> <b>freshest + Flora,</b> the goddess of flowers. She typified spring.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.447"></a><a class="b" href="#i.447">447.</a> <b>To prove + his sense,</b> etc. To test his perception and prove her feigned + truth.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.449"></a><a class="b" href="#i.449">449.</a> <b>Tho can + she weepe,</b> then did she weep. <i>Can</i> here is the Northern dialect + form for the middle English <i>gan</i>, past tense of <i>ginnen</i>, to + begin, which was used as an auxiliary.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.454"></a><a class="b" href="#i.454">454.</a> <b>the + blind God,</b> Cupid, Eros, or Amor, the god of love.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_i.478"></a><a class="b" href="#i.478">478.</a> Like other + knights of romance, <i>e.g.</i> Sir Galahad and Sir Gareth in Malory's + <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>, iii, 65, etc., the Redcross Knight does not yield + to the temptation of the flesh, but overcomes it.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS FOR STUDY</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_I">Canto I</a>)</p> + + <p>1. Tell in your own words the story of this canto. 2. Which muse does + Spenser invoke? 3. Who were the nine muses? 4. What is the difference + between <i>pastoral</i> and <i>epic</i> poetry? 5. Illustrate by <i>The + Shepheards Calender</i> and the <i>The Faerie Queene</i>. 6. Point out + imitations of Homer, Vergil, Lucan, Statius, Ariosto, Tasso, and Chaucer. + 7. Explain the reference to the religious questions and politics of Queen + Elizabeth's reign. 8. Where does Spenser use classical + mythology—medięval legends? 9. What references to the Bible do you + find? 10. Try to make a mental picture of the Knight—of + Una—of Error—of Archimago. 11. Is Spenser's character drawing + objective or subjective? 12. Is the description of the wood in <a + href="#i.vii">vii</a> true to nature? Could so many trees grow together + in a thick wood? 13. Study the Rembrandt-like effects of light and shade + in xiv. 14. What infernal deities are conjured up by Archimago?</p> + + <p>15. Paraphrase in your own language ll. <a href="#i.88">88</a>, <a + href="#i.106">106</a>-107, <a href="#i.116">116</a>, <a + href="#i.267">267</a>-268.</p> + + <p>16. Explain use of <i>of</i> in l. <a href="#i.75">75</a>. 17. What + part of speech is <i>wandering</i> l. <a href="#i.114">114</a>? <i>to + viewen</i> l. <a href="#i.201">201</a>? parse <i>which</i> l. <a + href="#i.232">232</a>; <i>him</i> and <i>spend</i> l. <a + href="#i.233">233</a>; <i>you</i> and <i>shew</i> l. <a + href="#i.276">276</a>. 18. Find examples of Euphuistic hyperbole in <a + href="#i.iv">iv</a>, of alliteration in <a href="#i.xiv">xiv</a>. 19. + Explain the use and form of <i>eyne</i>, <i>edified</i>, + <i>afflicted</i>, <i>weeds</i>, <i>Hebean</i>, <i>impe</i>, + <i>compeld</i>, <i>areeds</i>, <i>blazon</i>, <i>ycladd</i>.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_II">CANTO II</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot</i>: Deceived by Archimago's phantoms, the Redcross + Knight suspects the chastity of Una, and flies at early dawn with his + dwarf. He chances to meet the Saracen Sansfoy in company with the false + Duessa. They do battle and Sansfoy is slain. Duessa under the name of + Fidessa attaches herself to the Knight, and they ride forward. They stop + to rest under some shady trees, On breaking a bough, the Knight discovers + that the trees are two lovers, Fradubio and Fraelissa, thus imprisoned by + the cruel enchantment of Duessa.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory</i>: 1. Hypocrisy under a pious disguise is + attractive to Holiness. Truth is also deceived by it, and shamefully + slandered. Holiness having abandoned Truth, takes up with Falsehood, who + is attended by Infidelity. Unbelief when openly assailing Holiness is + overthrown, but Falsehood under the guise of Faith remains undiscovered. + The fate of the man (Fradubio) is set forth who halts between two + opinions,—False Religion (Duessa) and Heathen Philosophy, or + Natural Religion (Fraelissa).</p> + + <p>2. The Reformed Church, no longer under the guidance of Truth, rushes + headlong into Infidelity, and unwittingly became the defender of the + Romish Faith under the name of the True Faith. There is a hint of the + intrigues of Mary Queen of Scots and the libels of the Jesuits on Queen + Elizabeth designed to bring back the English nation to Romish + allegiance.</p> + + <p>LINE <a name="Nt_ii.1"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.1">1.</a> <b>the + Northerne wagoner,</b> the constellation Boötes.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.2"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.2">2.</a> <b>his + sevenfold teme,</b> the seven stars of Ursa Major, or Charles's Wain. + <b>the stedfast starre,</b> the Pole-star, which never sets.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.6"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.6">6.</a> <b>chearefull + Chaunticlere,</b> the name of the cock in the fabliaux and beast epics, + <i>e.g.</i> <i>Roman de Renart</i> and <i>Reineke Fuchs</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.7"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.7">7.</a> <b>Phœbus + fiery carre,</b> the sun.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.11"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.11">11.</a> <b>that + faire-forged spright,</b> fair but miscreated spirit (I, xiv). Spenser + took suggestions for this stanza from Ariosto and Tasso.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.51"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.51">51.</a> <b>faire + Hesperus,</b> the evening star.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.55"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.55">55.</a> <b>the + rosy-fingred Morning.</b> This beautiful epithet of Aurora, the goddess + of the dawn, is borrowed from Homer, Hesiod, and other ancient poets.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.56"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.56">56.</a> <b>aged + Tithones,</b> son of Laomedon, King of Troy. Aurora conferred upon him + immortality without youth, hence the epithet "aged."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.58"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.58">58.</a> + <b>Titan,</b> the sun-god in the Roman myths.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.85"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.85">85.</a> + <b>Proteus,</b> a sea-god who was endowed with the power of prophecy. He + could change himself into any shape in order to avoid having to prophesy. + See Homer, <i>Odyssey</i>, iv, 366 <i>seq</i>., and Vergil, + <i>Georgics</i>, iv, 387.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.90"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.90">90.</a> + <b>herbes.</b> In the sixteenth century the belief in potions, magic + formulas, etc., was still strongly rooted in the popular mind. The + Spanish court and the priests were supposed to employ supernatural + agencies against the Protestants.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.105"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.105">105.</a> <b>A + faithless Sarazin.</b> Spenser uses the word Saracen in the general sense + of pagan. During the Middle Ages the Saracen power was a menace to + Europe, and the stronghold of infidelity. The names of the three Paynim + brethren, Sansfoy, Sansjoy, and Sansloy,—faithless, joyless, and + lawless,—suggest the point of view of Spenser's age.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.109"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.109">109.</a> <b>a + faire companion,</b> the enchantress Duessa, or Falsehood, who calls + herself Fidessa. In the allegory Spenser intended her to represent the + Romish church and Mary Queen of Scots. Her character and appearance were + suggested by the woman of Babylon, in <i>Revelation</i>, viii, 4, + Ariosto's Alcina, and Tasso's Armida.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.136"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.136">136.</a> <b>As + when two rams.</b> This figure is found in Vergil, Apollonius, Malory, + Tasso, Dante, and other poets and romancers.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.141"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.141">141.</a> <b>the + hanging victory,</b> the victory which hung doubtful in the balance.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.144"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.144">144.</a> <b>The + broken reliques,</b> the shattered lances.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.148"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.148">148.</a> <b>Each + others equall puissaunce envies,</b> each envies the equal prowess of the + other.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.149"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.149">149.</a> + <b>through their iron sides,</b> etc., through their armored sides with + cruel glances, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.155"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.155">155.</a> <b>the + bitter fit,</b> the bitterness of death.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.158"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.158">158.</a> + <b>assured sitt,</b> etc., sit firm (in the saddle), and hide (cover) thy + head (with thy shield).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.160"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.160">160.</a> <b>With + rigour so outrageous,</b> with force so violent.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.161"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.161">161.</a> <b>That a + large share,</b> etc., that a large piece it (the sword) hewed, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.162"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.162">162.</a> <b>from + blame him fairly blest.</b> 1, fairly preserved him from hurt; 2, fairly + acquitted him of blame. <i>Him</i> in (1) refers to the knight, in (2) to + the Saracen. (1) is the better interpretation.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.169"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.169">169.</a> + <b>grudging.</b> Because reluctant to part from the flesh.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.196"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.196">196.</a> + <b>daughter of an Emperour.</b> Duessa represents the Pope, who exercised + imperial authority in Rome, though the seat of the empire had been + transferred to Constantinople in 476.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.200"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.200">200.</a> <b>the + only haire.</b> The dauphin of France, the first husband of Mary Queen of + Scots, afterwards King Francis II, son of Henry II. Duessa's story is + full of falsehoods.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.243"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.243">243.</a> <b>so + dainty they say maketh derth,</b> coyness makes desire. The knight is + allured on by Duessa's assumed shyness.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.251"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.251">251.</a> <b>ne + wont there sound,</b> nor was accustomed to sound there.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.254"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.254">254.</a> <b>cool + shade.</b> The Reformed Church, weakened by Falsehood, is enticed by + doubt and skepticism.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.262"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.262">262.</a> <b>faire + seemly pleasaunce,</b> pleasant courtesies.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.263"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.263">263.</a> <b>With + goodly purposes,</b> with polite conversation. This whole stanza refers + to Mary's candidacy for the English throne and its dangers to + Protestantism.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.269"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.269">269.</a> <b>He + pluckt a bough.</b> In this incident Spenser imitates Ariosto, <i>Orlando + Furioso</i>, vi, 26, in which Ruggiero addresses a myrtle which bleeds + and cries out with pain. The conception of men turned into trees occurs + also in Ovid, Vergil, Tasso, and Dante.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.272"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.272">272.</a> <b>O + spare with guilty hands,</b> etc. Cf Vergil's account of Polydorus in + <i>Aeneid</i>, iii, 41, in which a myrtle exclaims, <i>Parce pias + scelerare manus</i>, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.284"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.284">284.</a> <b>from + Limbo lake,</b> here, the abode of the lost. With the Schoolmen, Limbo + was a border region of hell where dwelt the souls of Old Testament + saints, pious heathen, lunatics, and unbaptized infants. Cf. Milton's + Paradise of Fools, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii, 495.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.291"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.291">291.</a> + <b>Fradubio,</b> as it were "Brother Doubtful," one who hesitates between + false religion and pagan religion, Duessa and Fraelissa (Morley). + Fraelissa is fair but frail, and will not do to lean upon.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.342"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.342">342.</a> <b>faire + in place,</b> fair in that place.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.351"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.351">351.</a> <b>to + treen mould,</b> to the form of a tree. <i>Treen</i> is an adj. like + <i>wooden</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.354"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.354">354.</a> <b>the + same.</b> Supply "as she appeared to be," <i>i.e.</i> fair and true.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.357"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.357">357.</a> <b>proper + hew.</b> Witches had to appear in their "proper hew" one day in spring + and undergo a purifying bath. The old romances make frequent mention of + the enchanted herb bath.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.370"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.370">370.</a> <b>by + chaunges of my cheare,</b> by my changed countenance or expression.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.371"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.371">371.</a> <b>drownd + in sleepie night.</b> The phrase modifies "body," or is equivalent to + "while I was drowned in sleep."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.382"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.382">382.</a> <b>in a + living well,</b> in a well of running water. This well signifies the + healing power of Christianity. <i>John</i>, iv, 14. In Spenser's story + this well is never found, and the wretched couple are never restored to + human shape.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ii.404"></a><a class="b" href="#ii.404">404.</a> <b>all + passed feare,</b> all fear having passed.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_II">Canto II</a>)</p> + + <p>1. How does the knight feel and act while under Archimago's spell? 2. + What becomes of Una? 3. How does Archimago plan to deceive her? 4. Tell + the story of the lovers turned into trees. 5. Who was Sansfoy? 6. + Describe the appearance and character of Duessa. 7. What did she have to + do with Fradubio and Fraelissa? 8. What was the old belief about the + penance of witches? 9. How only could the lovers be restored to their + human shape? Was it done? 10. Who were St. George, Phoebus, Titan, + Tithonius? 11. Explain the reference to Chaunticlere in l. <a + href="#ii.6">6</a>.</p> + + <p>12. Find examples of <i>alliteration</i> in <a href="#ii.xix">xix</a>; + of <i>balance</i> in <a href="#ii.xxxvii">xxxvii</a>; and of + <i>Latinizing</i> in <a href="#ii.xix">xix</a>; <a + href="#ii.xxxvi">xxxvi</a>; <a href="#ii.xxxviii">xxxviii</a>, and <a + href="#ii.xl">xl</a>.</p> + + <p>13. Paraphrase in your own words ll. <a href="#ii.111">111</a>, <a + href="#ii.134">134</a>-135, <a href="#ii.162">162</a> (giving two + interpretations); <a href="#ii.335">335</a>, <a + href="#ii.386">386</a>-387.</p> + + <p>14. What <i>figure of speech</i> is used in <a + href="#ii.xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#ii.xvi">xvi</a>, and <a + href="#ii.xx">xx</a>?</p> + + <p>15. Study the rich word-painting in the description of sunrise in <a + href="#ii.vii">vii</a>. Find other examples of this poet's use of + "costly" epithets.</p> + + <p>16. Scan the following passages: <a href="#ii.148">148</a>, <a + href="#ii.174">174</a>, <a href="#ii.178">178</a>, <a + href="#ii.193">193</a>, and <a href="#ii.299">299</a>.</p> + + <p>17. Find example of <i>tmesis</i> (separation of prep. from ob.) in <a + href="#ii.xlv">xlv</a>.</p> + + <p>18. What is the difference between the two <i>wells</i> in <a + href="#ii.xliii">xliii</a>?</p> + + <p>19. To whom do the pronouns in ll. <a href="#ii.174">174</a>, 175 + refer?</p> + + <p>20. What is the <i>case</i> of <i>heavens</i> in l. <a + href="#ii.193">193</a>? of <i>Sarazin</i> in l. <a + href="#ii.217">217</a>?</p> + + <p>21. What words are omitted in ll. <a href="#ii.188">188</a>, <a + href="#ii.313">313</a>, <a href="#ii.398">398</a>?</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_III">CANTO III</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot:</i> Una wandering in quest of her Knight is guarded by + a Lion. With difficulty they gain entrance to the cottage of Corceca and + her daughter Abessa, the paramour of Kirkrapine. The latter is killed by + the Lion. Fleeing the next day, Una falls in with Archimago disguised as + the Redcross Knight. They journey on and meet a second Saracen knight, + Sansloy. In the fight which ensues Archimago is unhorsed and his + deception unmasked. The Lion is slain, and Una becomes the captive of + Sansloy.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory:</i> 1. Truth finds temporary protection in + Reason, or Natural Honor (Lion), and with its help puts a stop to the + Robbing of Churches (Kirkrapine), which is connived at by Blind Devotion + (Corceca) and Secret Sin (Abessa). Truth is then associated with + Hypocrisy under the guise of Holiness, but it is soon unmasked by + Lawlessness (Sansloy), with which Truth is forced into an unnatural + alliance.</p> + + <p>2. "The lion is said to represent Henry VIII, overthrowing the + monasteries, destroying church-robbers, disturbing the dark haunts of + idleness, ignorance and superstition."—Kitchin. The battle between + Archimago and Sansloy refers to the contests of the Catholic powers with + the Moslems. The whole canto also has a hint of the violence and + lawlessness connected with the English conquest of Ireland.</p> + + <p><b>Line</b> <a name="Nt_iii.14"></a><a class="b" + href="#iii.14">14.</a> <b>though true as touch,</b> though true as if + tested on the touchstone (by which true gold was distinguished from + counterfeit).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.18"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.18">18.</a> <b>And her + due loves,</b> etc., the love due to her diverted, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.27"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.27">27.</a> <b>Yet + wished tydings,</b> etc., yet none brought unto her the wished-for + tidings of him. An awkward transposition.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.34"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.34">34.</a> <b>the + great eye of heaven,</b> the sun. Cf. <i>Paradise Lost</i>, v. 171.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.38"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.38">38.</a> <b>A + ramping lyon.</b> Reason or Natural Honor; also Henry VIII. According to + the ancient belief, no lion would attack a true virgin or one of royal + blood. Similar scenes are found in <i>Sir Bevis of Hampton</i>, <i>The + Seven Champions of Christendom</i>, etc. Cf. I <i>Henry</i> IV, ii, 4. + The allegory signifies that man guided merely by reason will recognize + Truth and pay it homage.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.51"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.51">51.</a> <b>Whose + yeelded pride,</b> etc., object of <i>had marked</i>, l. 52.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.77"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.77">77.</a> <b>he kept + both watch and ward,</b> he kept awake and guarded her.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.89"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.89">89.</a> <b>A + damzell spyde,</b> Abessa, who symbolizes Flagrant or Secret Sin.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.99"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.99">99.</a> <b>her + cast in deadly hew,</b> threw her into a deathly paleness.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.101"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.101">101.</a> <b>upon + the wager lay,</b> was at stake.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.102"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.102">102.</a> + <b>whereas her mother blynd,</b> where her blind mother, Corceca, or + Blind Devotion.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.109"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.109">109.</a> + <b>unruly Page.</b> This refers to the violence with which Henry VIII + forced Protestantism upon the people. In his <i>Present State of + Ireland</i> (p. 645), Spenser speaks of the ignorance and blind devotion + of the Irish Papists in the benighted country places.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.116"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.116">116.</a> + <b>Pater nosters,</b> the Lord's Prayer; <b>Aves,</b> prayers to the + Virgin.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.136"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.136">136.</a> + <b>Aldeboran,</b> the Bull's Eye, a double star of the first magnitude in + the constellation Taurus.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.137"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.137">137.</a> + <b>Cassiopeias chaire,</b> a circumpolar constellation having a fancied + resemblance to a chair.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.139"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.139">139.</a> <b>One + knocked at the dore,</b> Kirkrapine, the plunderer of the Church. Spenser + represents in him the peculiar vices of the Irish clergy and laity.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.166"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.166">166.</a> <b>stay + him to advize,</b> stop to reflect.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.172"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.172">172.</a> <b>him + booteth not resist,</b> it does him no good to resist. This whole passage + refers, perhaps, to Henry VIII's suppression of the monasteries and + convents in 1538-39.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.185"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.185">185.</a> <b>that + long wandring Greeke.</b> Ulysses, or Odysseus, the hero of Homer's + <i>Odyssey</i>, who wandered ten years and refused immortality from the + goddess Calypso in order that he might return to Penelope.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.xxii"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.xxii">xxii.</a> Note + the rhymes <i>deare</i>, <i>heare</i>, and <i>teare</i> (air). This 16th + century pronunciation still survives in South Carolina. See Ellis's + <i>Early English Pronunciation</i>, III, 868. This stanza reads like the + description of an Irish wake.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.238"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.238">238.</a> <b>Or + ought have done,</b> or have done something to displease you.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.239"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.239">239.</a> <b>That + should as death,</b> etc., that should settle like death, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.248"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.248">248.</a> <b>And + chose in Faery court.</b> See Spenser's letter to Sir W. Raleigh, p. + 6.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.250"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.250">250.</a> <b>her + kindly skill,</b> her natural power.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.276"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.276">276.</a> + <b>fierce Orions hound</b>, Sirius, the Dog-star, the brightest of the + fixed stars. The constellation Orion was named from a giant hunter who + was beloved by Aurora and slain by Diana.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.279"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.279">279.</a> <b>and + Nereus crownes with cups,</b> and Nereus drinks bumpers in his honor. + Nereus was a sea-god, son of Ocean and Earth.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.282"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.282">282.</a> <b>from + ground,</b> from the land.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.297"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.297">297.</a> <b>Sans + loy</b> symbolizes the pagan lawlessness in Ireland. There is also a + wider reference to the struggles between the Turks and the allied + Christian powers, which had been going on since the siege of Vienna in + 1529.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.309"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.309">309.</a> + <b>vainly crossed shield,</b> Archimago's false cross lacked the + protecting power of St. George's charmed true cross.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.321"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.321">321.</a> + <b>Lethe lake,</b> a lake or river of Hades, whose water brought oblivion + or forgetfulness to all who drank of it.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.322"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.322">322.</a> Refers + to the ancient custom of sacrificing an enemy on the funeral altar to + appease the shade of the dead.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.323"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.323">323.</a> <b>The + blacke infernall Furies,</b> the Erinyes, or goddesses of vengeance, who + dwelt in Erebus. They were robed in black, bloody garments befitting + their gloomy character.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.325"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.325">325.</a> In + romance it was customary for the victor to unlace the helmet of the + knight whom he had unhorsed before slaying him. Friends and relatives + were sometimes discovered by this precaution.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.342"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.342">342.</a> <b>Ne + ever wont in field,</b> etc., was never accustomed to fight in the + battle-field or in the lists of the tournament.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iii.xliii"></a><a class="b" href="#iii.xliii">xliii.</a> + Contrast Sansloy's rude treatment of Una with the chivalrous respect and + courtesy always shown by a true knight to woman.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_III">Canto III</a>)</p> + + <p>1. What moral reflections does the poet make in the introductory + stanza? Note the reference to the Queen. 2. What do you learn of the + laws, customs, and sentiments of chivalry in this canto? 3. Give an + account of Una's meeting with the Lion. 4. Explain the allegory of the + incident of the Lion. 5. Describe the character, appearance, and actions + of Corceca, and explain the allegory. 6. Note the use of the stars to + indicate time. 7. Under what circumstances does Una meet Archimago? 8. + Explain the allegory in <a href="#iii.ix">ix</a>. 9. Note the Euphuistic + balance in <a href="#iii.xxvii">xxvii</a>. 10. What figure do you find in + <a href="#iii.xxxi">xxxi</a>? Note the Homeric style. 11. Describe the + fight between Archimago and Sansloy, and explain the double allegory. 12. + What is the moral interpretation of <a href="#iii.xli">xli</a>-xlii?</p> + + <p>13. Explain the Latinisms in ll. <a href="#iii.37">37</a> and <a + href="#iii.377">377</a>. 14. How are the adjectives used in l. <a + href="#iii.57">57</a>? 15. Note change of pronouns in <a + href="#iii.vii">vii</a> from third person to first. 16. Explain tense of + <i>shold pas</i> in l. <a href="#iii.83">83</a>. 17. Note confusion of + pronouns in <a href="#iii.xxii">xxii</a> and <a + href="#iii.xxxv">xxxv</a>. 18. Examine the <i>nominative absolute</i> + construction in st. <a href="#iii.xiv">xiv</a> and <a + href="#iii.xxxix">xxxix</a>. 19. Explain the ambiguous construction in l. + <a href="#iii.165">165</a>. 20. Parse <i>her</i> in l. <a + href="#iii.262">262</a>. 21. Note careless use of relative in l. <a + href="#iii.288">288</a>.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_IV">CANTO IV</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot:</i> In this and the following canto the adventures of + the Redcross Knight are continued from <a href="#canto_II">Canto II</a>. Guided by Duessa, he + enters the House of Pride. There he sees Lucifera, the Queen of Pride, + attended by her sinful court. Her six Counselors are described in detail, + with an account of a pleasure trip taken by the Queen and her court. + Sansjoy unexpectedly arrives and challenges the Knight to mortal combat + for the shield of Sansfoy. That night Duessa holds a secret conference + with the Saracen knight.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory:</i> 1. The Christian Soldier, under the influence + of false ideals (Duessa), is exposed to the temptations of the Seven + Deadly Sins, chief among which is Pride. In the midst of these sinful + pleasures, he is assailed by Joylessness, on whose side is Falsehood + secretly.</p> + + <p>2. The religious and political allegory is here vague and somewhat + discontinuous. There is a hint, however, of the attempts of Mary Queen of + Scots to bring England back to Romanism. The pride and corruption of the + false church and its clergy are set forth. There is also a suggestion of + the perilous position of the English in Ireland.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.20"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.20">20.</a> <b>of each + degree and place,</b> of every rank and order of society.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.21"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.21">21.</a> <b>having + scaped hard,</b> having escaped with difficulty.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.24"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.24">24.</a> + <b>lazars.</b> Leprosy was a common disease in England even as late as + the sixteenth century.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.49"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.49">49.</a> + <b>Malvenł,</b> ill-come, as opposed to <i>Bienvenu</i>, welcome.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.73"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.73">73.</a> <b>like + Phœbus fairest childe,</b> Phaethon, the son of Helios. He was + killed by a thunderbolt from the hand of Zeus, as a result of his + reckless driving of the chariot of the sun.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.86"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.86">86.</a> <b>A + dreadfull Dragon,</b> Fallen Pride.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.94"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.94">94.</a> This + genealogy of Pride is invented by the poet in accord with the Christian + doctrine concerning this sin.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.107"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.107">107.</a> <b>six + wizards old,</b> the remaining six of the Seven Deadly Sins, Wrath, Envy, + Lechery, Gluttony, Avarice, and Idleness. See Chaucer's <i>Parson's + Tale</i> for a sermon on these mortal sins, Gower's <i>Dance of the Seven + Deadly Sins</i>, and Laugland's <i>Piers Plowman</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.145"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.145">145.</a> + <b>coche.</b> Spenser imitates Ovid and Homer in this description of + Juno's chariot. The peacock was sacred to the goddess, who transferred to + its tail the hundred eyes of the monster Argus. See Ovid's + <i>Metamorphoses</i>, i, 625 <i>seq</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.157"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.157">157.</a> <b>With + like conditions,</b> etc. The behests were of a kind similar to the + nature of the six Sins.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.174"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.174">174.</a> <b>he + chalenged essoyne,</b> he claimed exemption.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.185"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.185">185.</a> <b>like a + Crane.</b> This refers to Aristotle's story of a man who wished that his + neck were as long as a crane's, that he might the longer enjoy the + swallowing of his food. <i>Nic. Ethics</i>, iii, 13.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.205"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.205">205.</a> <b>a dry + dropsie,</b> a dropsy causing thirst.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.236"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.236">236.</a> <b>Upon a + Camell,</b> etc. The reference is to a story in Herodotus' <i>History</i> + (iii, 102 <i>seq</i>.), in which the Indians are described as carrying + off on camels gold dust hoarded by enormous ants.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.252"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.252">252.</a> <b>unto + him selfe unknowne,</b> <i>i.e.</i> being ignorant of his own + wretchedness.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.309"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.309">309.</a> + <b>Unthrifty scath,</b> wicked damage, or mischief that thrives not.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.313"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.313">313.</a> <b>The + swelling Splene.</b> The spleen was the seat of anger.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.314"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.314">314.</a> <b>Saint + Fraunces fire,</b> St. Anthony's fire, or erysipelas. Diseases were named + from those who were supposed to be able to heal them.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.335"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.335">335.</a> <b>With + pleasaunce,</b> etc. Fed with enjoyment of the fields, the fresh air of + which they went to breathe.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.437"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.437">437.</a> <b>And + helplesse hap,</b> etc. It does no good to bemoan unavoidable chance.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.440"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.440">440.</a> <b>pay + his dewties last,</b> pay his last duty to the shade of the slain man by + sacrificing his murderer.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_iv.443"></a><a class="b" href="#iv.443">443.</a> <b>oddes + of armes,</b> chances of mishap in arms due to some advantage of one's + antagonist.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_IV">Canto IV</a>)</p> + + <p>1. What are the moral reflections in stanza <a href="#iv.i">i</a>? 2. + What suggestion of the condition of the English roads do you find in st. + <a href="#iv.ii">ii</a>? 3. <i>But few returned</i>, l. <a + href="#iv.21">21</a>. What became of the rest? 4. Give a description of + the House of Pride. Note resemblance to a typical Elizabethan hall. 5. + Explain the allegory of the House, noting the association of ugliness and + beauty. 6. How is expectation aroused in vi? 7. Describe the dramatic + appearance and character of Pride. Cf. description of Satan on his throne + in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii. 8. What do you learn in this canto of + Elizabethan or chivalric manners and customs? 9. Describe the procession + at the court of Pride. 10. What satire of the Romish priesthood in <a + href="#iv.xviii">xviii</a>-xx? 11. Note examples of Spenser's humor in <a + href="#iv.xiv">xiv</a> and <a href="#iv.xvi">xvi</a>. 12. Point out the + classical influence (Dionysus and Silenus) in the description of + Gluttony. 13. Subject of the interview between Duessa and Sansjoy. 14. + Point out the archaisms in l. <a href="#iv.10">10</a>; alliteration in <a + href="#iv.xxxix">xxxix</a> and <a href="#iv.l">l</a>; the Latinisms in <a + href="#iv.xlvi">xlvi</a> and <a href="#iv.xlvii">xlvii</a>. 15. In what + case is <i>way</i> in l. <a href="#iv.17">17</a>? 16. Explain the meaning + and historical significance of <i>lazar</i>, l. <a href="#iv.24">24</a>, + and <i>diall</i>, l. <a href="#iv.36">36</a>. 17. Explain the references + of the pronouns in l. <a href="#iv.55">55</a>, and ll. <a + href="#iv.418">418</a>-419. 18. Note the Euphuistic balance and + antithesis in <a href="#iv.xxix">xxix</a> and <a href="#iv.xlv">xlv</a>. + 19. Explain the suffix in <i>marchen</i> in l. <a href="#iv.325">325</a>. + 20. Note the double negative in <a href="#iv.iv">iv</a>, <a + href="#iv.xlix">xlix</a>. 21. Paraphrase in your own words ll. <a + href="#iv.239">239</a>, <a href="#iv.243">243</a>, <a + href="#iv.360">360</a>, <a href="#iv.437">437</a>.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_V">CANTO V</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot</i>: (a continuation of <a href="#canto_IV">Canto IV</a>). The Knight fights in + the lists with Sansjoy and defeats him, but is prevented by Duessa's + magic from slaying him. Duessa descends to Erebus and obtains the aid of + Night, who conveys the wounded Saracen in her chariot to Ęsculapius to be + healed of his wounds. The tortures of some of the souls in Erebus are + described, particularly the cause of Ęsculapius' punishment. A roll of + the prisoners whom the dwarf discovers in Pride's dungeon is given. The + Knight flees with the dwarf from her house.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory</i>: When the Christian Soldier is attacked by + Joylessness, he has a far more desperate struggle than that with + Infidelity, and comes out wounded though victorious. Joylessness when + crushed by Holiness is restored by Pagan Philosophy. The backsliding + Christian is warned in time by Prudence of the fearful consequences of + sin, and hastens to turn his back on Pride and the other sins. The soul + is led to dread Pride, not by Truth, but by its sufferings and other + inferior motives.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.25"></a><a class="b" href="#v.25">25.</a> <b>their + timely voyces,</b> their voices keeping time with their harps.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.27"></a><a class="b" href="#v.27">27.</a> <b>Old + loves,</b> famous love-affairs, the subject of the Minnesängers.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.29"></a><a class="b" href="#v.29">29.</a> <b>In woven + maile,</b> in chain armor.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.32"></a><a class="b" href="#v.32">32.</a> <b>Araby,</b> + probably here the Orient in general.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.33"></a><a class="b" href="#v.33">33.</a> <b>From + furthest Ynd,</b> from farthest India.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.39"></a><a class="b" href="#v.39">39.</a> <b>unto a + paled greene,</b> a green inclosure (lists for a tournament) surrounded + by a palisade.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.44"></a><a class="b" href="#v.44">44.</a> <b>his.</b> An + old method of forming the possessive, based on a misapprehension of the + original Anglo-Saxon suffix <i>-es</i>, which was shortened in middle + English to <i>-is</i>, and finally to <i>s</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.45"></a><a class="b" href="#v.45">45.</a> <b>Both + those,</b> etc. Both Duessa and the shield are to go to the victor.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.65"></a><a class="b" href="#v.65">65.</a> <b>a + Gryfon,</b> a fabulous animal, part lion and part eagle. <i>Gryfon</i> is + subject of <i>encountereth</i> with <i>Dragon</i> as object.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.89"></a><a class="b" href="#v.89">89.</a> <b>And + sluggish german,</b> etc., and sluggish brother dost relax thy strength + to send his (Sansfoy's) foe after him, that he may overtake him. In ll. + <a href="#v.86">86</a>-88 Sansjoy addresses his brother, in ll. <a + href="#v.89">89</a>-90 himself. <i>German</i> is any blood relation.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.100"></a><a class="b" href="#v.100">100.</a> The Knight + supposed that Duessa's encouraging words were addressed to him.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.114"></a><a class="b" href="#v.114">114.</a> Spenser + here, with fine dramatic effect, imitates Homer, who saves Paris and + Ęneas by a similar device. <i>Iliad</i>, iii, 380, and v, 345.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.159"></a><a class="b" href="#v.159">159.</a> + <b>teares.</b> This mention of the man-eating crocodile's tears is based + on an old Latin proverb. Sir John Mandeville repeats the story.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.172"></a><a class="b" href="#v.172">172.</a> <b>griesly + Night.</b> According to mythology (Hesiod's <i>Theog</i>., 123), one of + the first things created, the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Ęther + (sky) and Hemera (day); also of Deceit, Strife, Old Age, and Vengeance. + See xxii and xxvii.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.202"></a><a class="b" href="#v.202">202.</a> <b>on + groning beare,</b> on a bier with groaning friends around.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.204"></a><a class="b" href="#v.204">204.</a> <b>O what + of gods,</b> etc., O what is it to be born of gods, if old Aveugle's (the + father of the three Saracens) sons are so ill treated.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.219"></a><a class="b" href="#v.219">219.</a> <b>and good + successes,</b> etc., and good results which follow their foes.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.221"></a><a class="b" href="#v.221">221.</a> <b>or + breake the chayne,</b> refers to Jove's proposition to fasten a golden + chain to the earth by which to test his strength. Homer's <i>Iliad</i>, + viii, 19. Cf. Milton's <i>Paradise Lost</i>, ii, 1051.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.225"></a><a class="b" href="#v.225">225.</a> <b>bad + excheat,</b> bad gain by exchange. <i>Escheat</i> is an old legal term, + meaning any lands or goods which fall to the lord of a fief by + forfeiture. Cf. "rob Peter to pay Paul."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.229"></a><a class="b" href="#v.229">229.</a> <b>shall + with his owne bloud,</b> etc., shall pay the price of the blood that he + has spilt with his own.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.263"></a><a class="b" href="#v.263">263.</a> Here + Spenser imitates Homer's <i>Odyssey</i>, xvi, 163.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.267"></a><a class="b" href="#v.267">267.</a> <b>the + ghastly Owle.</b> The poet follows the Latin rather than the Greek poets, + who regard the owl as the bird of wisdom.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.273"></a><a class="b" href="#v.273">273.</a> <b>of deep + Avernus hole.</b> Avernus in the poets is a cavern (in an ancient + crater), supposed to be the entrance to the infernal regions. Cf. + Vergil's <i>Ęneid</i>, vi, 237. In Strabo's Geography it is a lake in + Campania.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.298"></a><a class="b" href="#v.298">298.</a> + <b>Cerberus,</b> the dog which guarded the lower regions. This stanza is + an imitation of Vergil's <i>Ęneid</i>, vi, 417 <i>seq</i>. In Dante's + <i>Inferno</i> Vergil appeases him by casting handfuls of earth into his + maw.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.xxxv"></a><a class="b" href="#v.xxxv">xxxv.</a> In this + stanza we see the influence of Homer and Vergil. Ixion, the king of + Lapithę, was chained by order of Zeus to a fiery-winged wheel for + aspiring to the love of the goddess Hera (Juno). Sisyphus had to roll a + huge stone forever up a hill for betraying the designs of the gods. + Tantalus, for divulging the secrets of Zeus, was condemned to stand + tormented by thirst in a lake. Tityus, for an assault on Artemis, was + pinioned to the ground with two vultures plucking at his vitals. + Typhoeus, a hundred-headed giant, was slain by Zeus' thunderbolt, and + buried under Ętna. The gin on which he was tortured was probably the rack + of the Middle Ages. Cf. the bed of Procrustes. Theseus, for attempting to + carry off Persephone, was fixed to a rock in Tartarus. The "fifty + sisters" are the fifty Danaides, who, for slaying their husbands, were + condemned to pour water forever into a vessel full of holes.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.322"></a><a class="b" href="#v.322">322.</a> <b>sad + Aesculapius,</b> the god of medicine, slain by Zeus for arresting death + and diseases.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.354"></a><a class="b" href="#v.354">354.</a> <b>And + fates expired,</b> and the threads of life which the fates (Parcę) had + severed.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.387"></a><a class="b" href="#v.387">387.</a> <b>Great + paines, and greater praise,</b> etc. His praise, like his pain, is to be + eternal.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.xlvii"></a><a class="b" href="#v.xlvii">xlvii.</a> This + list of the thralls of Pride is in imitation of a similar one in + Chaucer's <i>Monk's Tale</i>, which was based on Boccaccio's <i>De + Casibus Illustrium Virorum</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.415"></a><a class="b" href="#v.415">415.</a> <b>proud + king of Babylon,</b> Nebuchadnezzar. See <i>Daniel</i>, iii and iv.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.420"></a><a class="b" href="#v.420">420.</a> <b>king + Croesus,</b> the last king of Lydia, who was overthrown by Cyrus in B.C. + 646. <i>Herodotus</i>, i, 26.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.422"></a><a class="b" href="#v.422">422.</a> <b>proud + Antiochus,</b> Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria, who captured Jerusalem + twice, and defiled God's altar. He died raving mad B.C. 164. Josephus, + <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i>, xiii, 5-9.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.424"></a><a class="b" href="#v.424">424.</a> <b>great + Nimrod,</b> "the mighty hunter" (<i>Genesis</i>, x, 8), whose game, + according to Spenser, was man. Josephus tells us that through pride he + built the tower of Babel.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.426"></a><a class="b" href="#v.426">426.</a> <b>old + Ninus,</b> the legendary founder of Nineveh, and put to death by his + wife, Semiramis.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.428"></a><a class="b" href="#v.428">428.</a> <b>that + mighty Monarch,</b> Alexander the Great (B.C. 366-323), king of Macedon. + While consulting the oracle of Jupiter Ammon in the Libyan desert he was + saluted by the priests as "Ammons Sonne." He died either of poison + (Plutarch) or of excessive drink (Diodorus).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.437"></a><a class="b" href="#v.437">437.</a> <b>Great + Romulus,</b> legendary founder of Rome (B.C. 753). See Livy, i, 16.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.438_1"></a><a class="b" href="#v.438">438.</a> <b>Proud + Tarquin,</b> Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome. He was banished + B.C. 510.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.438_2"></a><a class="b" href="#v.438">438.</a> <b>too + lordly Lentulus,</b> surnamed Sura, member of a haughty patrician family, + who conspired with Catiline, and was strangled B.C. 62.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.439_1"></a><a class="b" href="#v.439">439.</a> <b>Stout + Scipio,</b> Cornelius Scipio Africanus (B.C. 287?-183?), the conqueror of + Hannibal, and self-exiled from Rome. Livy speaks of his inordinate pride, + xxxviii, 50.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.439_2"></a><a class="b" href="#v.439">439.</a> + <b>stubborne Hanniball</b> (B.C. 247-183), the great Carthaginian + general, who died by poison to avoid falling into the hands of the + Romans.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.440_1"></a><a class="b" href="#v.440">440.</a> + <b>Ambitious Sylla</b> (B.C. 138-78), Cornelius Sulla, the Dictator, who + died a loathsome death.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.440_2"></a><a class="b" href="#v.440">440.</a> <b>sterne + Marius</b> (B.C. 157-86), after being seven times consul, he was obliged + to take refuge from his rival Sulla amid the ruins of Carthage.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.441_1"></a><a class="b" href="#v.441">441.</a> <b>High + Caesar,</b> Caius Julius Caesar (B.C. 100-44), who was murdered by Brutus + and other conspirators.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.441_2"></a><a class="b" href="#v.441">441.</a> <b>great + Pompey.</b> Cn. Pompeius Magnus (B.C. 106-48). After his defeat at + Pharsalia, he fled to Egypt, where he was murdered.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.441_3"></a><a class="b" href="#v.441">441.</a> <b>fierce + Antonius,</b> Marcus (B.C. 83-30), the great triumvir, who after his + defeat at Actium killed himself in Egypt.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.444"></a><a class="b" href="#v.444">444.</a> <b>The bold + Semiramis,</b> the legendary queen of Assyria.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.446"></a><a class="b" href="#v.446">446.</a> <b>Faire + Sthenoboea,</b> the wife of Proteus, who on account of her unrequited + love for Bellerophon, died by hemlock. Aristophanes' <i>Frogs</i>, 1049 + <i>seq</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_v.448"></a><a class="b" href="#v.448">448.</a> <b>High + minded Cleopatra</b> (B.C. 69-30), the beautiful queen of Egypt, who is + said by Plutarch to have died in the manner mentioned.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_V">Canto V</a>)</p> + + <p>1. How did Redcross spend the night before the fight with Sansjoy?</p> + + <p>2. Study in detail the fine description of Duessa's descent to + Erebus.</p> + + <p>3. What elements of beauty are seen in the description of dawn and + sunrise in <a href="#v.ii">ii</a>? and compare <i>Psalms</i>, xix, 5. 4. + What arbitrary classification of musicians does Spenser make in <a + href="#v.iii">iii</a>? 5. Who is the <i>far renowmed Queene</i> in <a + href="#v.v">v</a>? 6. Describe the joust between the Knight and Sansjoy. + 7. Where do you learn of the laws governing such contests? 8. Observe the + dramatic way in which Duessa saves Sansjoy. 9. What dramatic stroke in <a + href="#v.xxvii">xxvii</a>? 10. Describe Night and her team. 11. Give an + account of her descent to Erebus with Sansjoy. 12. What were some of the + tortures of the damned? 13. What effect is produced in <a + href="#v.xxx">xxx</a> and how? 14. Point out some instances in which + Spenser has imitated Homer—Vergil.</p> + + <p>15. Where does he follow the Latin rather than the Greek poets?</p> + + <p>16. Why did Ęsculapius hesitate to heal Sansjoy? 17. Whom did the + dwarf see in the dungeons of Pride? 18. Why did the Knight flee from the + House of Pride?</p> + + <p>19. Examine the following grammatical forms: <i>maken</i>, l. <a + href="#v.22">22</a>; <i>woundes</i>, l. <a href="#v.400">400</a>. 20. + What <i>figure of speech</i> is employed in <a href="#v.xviii">xviii</a>? + 21. What illustration is used in <a href="#v.viii">viii</a>? 22. Find + example of <i>balanced structure</i> in <a href="#v.vii">vii</a>; + <i>alliteration</i> in <a href="#v.viii">viii</a>, <a + href="#v.xv">xv</a>, <a href="#v.xviii">xviii</a>. 23. Scan l. <a + href="#v.23">23</a>. 24. Note nom. abs. construction in <a + href="#v.xlv">xlv</a>.</p> + + <p>25. Paraphrase the involved constructions in <a + href="#v.xlii">xlii</a>, <a href="#v.xix">xix</a>, <a + href="#v.viii">viii</a>, <a href="#v.xxxvi">xxxvi</a>.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_VI">CANTO VI</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot</i>: (Continuation of <a href="#canto_III">Canto III</a>). Una is delivered from + Sansloy by a band of Satyrs. She remains with them as their teacher. + There a knight of the wild-wood, Sir Satyrane, discovers her, and by his + assistance, Una succeeds in making her way out of the forest to the + plain. On the way they meet Archimago, disguised as a pilgrim, and he + deceives them and leads them to Sansloy. While Sir Satyrane and Sansloy + are engaged in a bloody battle, Una flees. She is pursued by Archimago + but makes her escape.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory</i>: 1. Truth is saved from destruction by Lawless + Violence (Sansloy) by the aid of Barbarism or Savage Instinct, which + terrorizes Lawlessness but offers natural homage to Truth. Truth finds a + temporary home among Ignorant and Rude Folk (Satyrs) and in return + imparts divine truth to their unregenerate minds. Natural Heroism or + Manly Courage (Sir Satyrane) sides with Truth and defends it against + Lawlessness.</p> + + <p>2. The religious allegory signifies the extension of Protestantism + through the outlying rural districts of England and in Ireland. Upton + thinks that Sir Satyrane represents "Sir John Perrot, whose behaviour, + though honest, was too coarse and rude for a court. 'Twas well known that + he was a son of Henry VIII." Holinshed says that as Lord President of + Munster, Sir John secured such peace and security that a man might travel + in Ireland with a white stick only in his hand.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.16"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.16">16.</a> <b>from one + to other Ynd,</b> from the East to the West Indies.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.61"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.61">61.</a> <b>A troupe + of Faunes and Satyres.</b> The Fauns were the wood-gods of the Romans, + the Satyrs the wood-gods of the Greeks. They were half human, half goat, + and represented the luxuriant powers of nature.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.63"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.63">63.</a> <b>old + Sylvanus,</b> the Roman god of fields and woods, young and fond of animal + pleasures. Spenser represents him as a feeble but sensuous old man.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.90"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.90">90.</a> <b>With + chaunge of feare,</b> from the wolf to the lion.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.96"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.96">96.</a> <b>rustick + horror,</b> bristling hair.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.99"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.99">99.</a> <b>Their + backward bent knees,</b> like the hinder legs of a goat.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.101"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.101">101.</a> <b>their + barbarous truth,</b> their savage honor.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.103"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.103">103.</a> <b>Late + learnd,</b> having been recently taught. She had shown too "hasty trust" + in Archimago.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.112"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.112">112.</a> + <b>without suspect of crime,</b> without suspicion of blame.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.117"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.117">117.</a> The olive + is the emblem of peace, as the ivy (l. <a href="#vi.126">126</a>) is of + sensuousness.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.120"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.120">120.</a> <b>with + their horned feet,</b> with their hoofs.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.128"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.128">128.</a> <b>Or + Bacchus merry fruit,</b> etc., whether they did discover grapes.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.129"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.129">129.</a> <b>Or + Cybeles franticke rites,</b> the wild dances of the Corybantes, + priestesses of Cybele, or Rhea, the wife of Chronos and mother of the + gods.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.132"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.132">132.</a> <b>that + mirrhour rare,</b> that model of beauty. So Sidney was called "the mirror + of chivalry."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.134"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.134">134.</a> <b>faire + Dryope,</b> a princess of Ęchalia, who became a forest nymph. Pholoe, + mentioned in l. 135, is probably a fictitious creation of the + author's.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.146"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.146">146.</a> + <b>dearest Cyparisse,</b> a youth of Cea, who accidentally killed his + favorite stag and dying of grief was changed into a cypress. He was + beloved by Apollo and Sylvanus.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.148"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.148">148.</a> <b>not + faire to this,</b> i.e. compared to this.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.152"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.152">152.</a> <b>n'ould + after joy,</b> would not afterwards be cheerful.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.153"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.153">153.</a> + <b>selfe-wild annoy,</b> self-willed distress.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.154"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.154">154.</a> <b>faire + Hamadryades,</b> the nymphs who dwelt in the forest trees and died with + them.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.156"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.156">156.</a> + <b>light-foot Naiades,</b> the fresh water nymphs, companions of the + fauns and satyrs.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.161"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.161">161.</a> <b>their + woody kind,</b> the wood-born creatures of their own kind, <i>e.g.</i> + nymphs or satyrs.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.163"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.163">163.</a> Una was + "luckelesse" in having lost her knights, but "lucky" in the friendship of + the Satyrs. Note the Euphuistic phrasing.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.169"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.169">169.</a> + <b>Idolatryes.</b> The allegory has reference to the idolatrous practices + of the ignorant primitive Christians, such as the worship of images of + the Saints, the pageant of the wooden ass during Lent (see + <i>Matthew</i>, xxi, and Brand's <i>Popular Antiquities</i>, i, 124), and + the Feast of the Ass (see <i>Matthew</i>, ii, 14).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.172"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.172">172.</a> <b>a + noble warlike knight,</b> Sir Satyrane, in whom are united rude untaught + chivalry and woodland savagery. He represents natural heroism and + instinctive love of truth.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.173"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.173">173.</a> <b>by + just occasion,</b> just at the right moment.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.184"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.184">184.</a> + <b>Thyamis</b> is the symbol of Animal Passion; <b>Labryde</b> of the + lower appetites; <b>Therion,</b> the human wild beast, who deserts his + wife.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.xxiv"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.xxiv">xxiv.</a> This + account of Sir Satyrane's education is based on that of Rogero by his + uncle Atlante in Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, vii, 5, 7.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.213"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.213">213.</a> + <b>maister of his guise,</b> his instructor.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.214"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.214">214.</a> <b>at his + horrid vew,</b> his shaggy, uncouth appearance.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.256"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.256">256.</a> <b>his + famous worth was blown,</b> i.e. blazoned by Fame's trumpet.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.308"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.308">308.</a> <b>a + Jacobs staffe.</b> According to Nares, "A pilgrim's staff; either from + the frequent pilgrimages to St. James of Comfortella (in Galicia), or + because the apostle St. James is usually represented with one."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.371"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.371">371.</a> See Canto + III, <a href="#iii.xxxviii">xxxviii</a>, where Archimago was disguised as + St. George.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.372"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.372">372.</a> <b>Th' + enchaunter vaine,</b> etc., the foolish enchanter (Archimago) would not + have rued his (St. George's) crime (i.e. slaying Sansfoy).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.373"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.373">373.</a> <b>But + them his errour shalt,</b> etc., thou shalt by thy death pay the penalty + of his crime and thus prove that he was really guilty. A very obscure + passage. Look up the original meaning of <i>shall</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.386"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.386">386.</a> This + simile is found frequently in the old romances. Cf. Malory's <i>Morte + d'Arthur</i>, ii, 104, and Chaucer's <i>Knight's Tale</i>, l. 1160.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.416"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.416">416.</a> According + to a usage of chivalry, the lover wore a glove, sleeve, kerchief, or + other token of his lady-love on his helmet. By "lover's token" Sansloy + ironically means a blow.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.425"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.425">425.</a> <b>to her + last decay,</b> to her utter ruin.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vi.426"></a><a class="b" href="#vi.426">426.</a> Spenser + leaves the fight between Sansloy and Sir Satyrane unfinished. Both + warriors appear in later books of the <i>Faerie Queene</i>.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_VI">Canto VI</a>)</p> + + <p>1. Who rescued Una from Sansloy? 2. How does Una repay their kindness? + 3. How was she treated by them? 4. Explain the references to the various + classes of nymphs. 5. Look up the classical references in <a + href="#vi.xvi">xvi</a> and <a href="#vi.xviii">xviii</a>. 6. Why is Una + described as "luckelesse lucky"? 7. What customs of the early Christians + are referred to in <a href="#vi.xix">xix</a>? 8. What does Sir Satyrane + symbolize in the allegory? 9. What was his character and education? 10. + Note the Elizabethan conception of the goddess Fortune in <a + href="#vi.xxxi">xxxi</a>. 11. Did Una act ungratefully in leaving the + Satyrs as she did? 12. Who is the <i>weary wight</i> in <a + href="#vi.xxxiv">xxxiv</a>? 13. What news of St. George did he give? Was + it true? 14. Who is the Paynim mentioned in <a href="#vi.xl">xl</a>? 15. + Note Euphuistic antithesis in <a href="#vi.xlii">xlii</a>. 16. Explain + the figures in <a href="#vi.iv">iv</a>, <a href="#vi.vi">vi</a>, <a + href="#vi.x">x</a>, <a href="#vi.xliv">xliv</a>. 17. Paraphrase ll. <a + href="#vi.289">289</a>, <a href="#vi.296">296</a>. 18. Find + <i>Latinisms</i> in <a href="#vi.xxv">xxv</a>; <a + href="#vi.xxvi">xxvi</a>; <a href="#vi.xxviii">xxviii</a>; <a + href="#vi.xxxi">xxxi</a>; and <a href="#vi.xxxvii">xxxvii</a>. 19. + Describe the fight at the end of the Canto.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_VII">CANTO VII</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot:</i> (Continuation of <a href="#canto_V">Canto V</a>). Duessa pursues the + Redcross Knight, and overtakes him sitting by an enchanted fountain, + weary and disarmed. He is beguiled into drinking from the fountain, and + is quickly deprived of strength. In this unnerved and unarmed condition + he is suddenly set upon by the giant Orgoglio. After a hopeless struggle + he is struck down by the giant's club and is thrust into a dungeon. Una + is informed by the dwarf of the Knight's misfortune and is prostrated + with grief. Meeting Prince Arthur, she is persuaded to tell her story and + receives promise of his assistance.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory:</i> 1. The Christian soldier, beguiled by + Falsehood, doffs the armor of God, and indulges in sinful pleasures, and + loses his purity. He then quickly falls into the power of Carnal Pride, + or the brutal tyranny of False Religion (Orgoglio). He can then be + restored only by an appeal to the Highest Honor or Magnificence (Prince + Arthur) through the good offices of Truth and Common Sense.</p> + + <p>2. In the reaction from the Reformation, Protestant England by + dallying with Romanism (Duessa, Mary Queen of Scots) falls under the + tyrannic power of the Pope (Orgoglio), with whom Catholic England was + coquetting. At this juncture National Honor and Consciousness comes to + the relief of Protestantism. There is personal compliment to either Lord + Leicester or Sir Philip Sidney.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.19"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.19">19.</a> <b>He + feedes upon,</b> he enjoys. A Latinism: cf. Vergil's <i>Ęneid</i>, + iii.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.37"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.37">37.</a> + <b>Phœbe,</b> a surname of Diana, or Artemis, the goddess of the + moon.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.45"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.45">45.</a> Spenser + probably takes the suggestion from the fountain in the gardens of Armida + in Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, xiv, 74. Cf. also the fountain of + Salmacis in Ovid's <i>Metamorphoses</i>, xv, 819 <i>seq</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.56"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.56">56.</a> <b>Pourd + out,</b> a metaphor borrowed from Euripides (<i>Herac.</i>, 75) and + Vergil (<i>Ęneid</i>, ix, 317).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.62"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.62">62.</a> <b>his + looser make,</b> his too dissolute companion.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.67"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.67">67.</a> <b>An + hideous Geant,</b> Orgoglio, symbolizing Inordinate Pride, and the Pope + of Rome, who then claimed universal power over both church and state (x). + For a list of many other giants of romance see Brewer's <i>Handbook</i>, + pp. 376-379.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.104"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.104">104.</a> <b>that + divelish yron Engin,</b> cannon. The invention of artillery by infernal + ingenuity is an old conception of the poets. There is a suggestion of it + in Vergil's <i>Ęneid</i>, vi, 585 <i>seq.</i>, which is elaborated in + Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, ix, 91, which Milton in turn imitated + in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, vi, 516 <i>seq</i>. So in the romance of <i>Sir + Triamour</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.112"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.112">112.</a> <b>th' + onely breath,</b> the mere breath.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.119"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.119">119.</a> <b>do + him not to dye,</b> slay him not; cf. "done to death."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.138"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.138">138.</a> <b>A + monstrous beast,</b> on which the woman of Babylon sat; + <i>Revelation</i>, xiii and xvii, 7.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.139"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.139">139.</a> This + refers to the Romish policy of fostering ignorance among its members.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.140"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.140">140.</a> <b>that + renowmed Snake,</b> the Lernęan Hydra, a monster with nine or more heads, + offspring of Typhon and Echidna. It was slain by Hercules. + <b>Stremona</b> is a name of Spenser's own invention.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.147"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.147">147.</a> The + reference is to the cruelty and insensibility of the Romish Church.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.150"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.150">150.</a> Its + tail reached to the stars. <i>Revelation</i>, xii, 4.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.155"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.155">155.</a> <b>and + holy heasts foretaught,</b> and holy commands previously taught + (them).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.161"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.161">161.</a> <b>his + forlorne weed,</b> his abandoned clothing.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.165"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.165">165.</a> + <b>moniments,</b> the sorrowful, mournful relics.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.182"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.182">182.</a> <b>So + hardly he,</b> etc. So he with difficulty coaxes the life which has flown + to return into her body. According to the Platonic teaching, the body is + the prison-house of the soul. Cf <i>Psalms</i>, cxlii, 7.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.202"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.202">202.</a> <b>But + seeled up with death,</b> but closed in death. "Seel" was a term in + falconry, meaning "to sew up" (the eyes of the hawk).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.219"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.219">219.</a> <b>the + bitter balefull stound,</b> the bitter, grievous moment during which she + listens to the story.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.220"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.220">220.</a> <b>If + lesse then that I feare,</b> etc., if it is less bitter than I fear it + is, I shall have found more favor (been more fortunate) than I + expected.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.231"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.231">231.</a> + <b>sorrowfull assay,</b> the assault of sorrow (on her heart).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.236"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.236">236.</a> <b>Was + never Lady,</b> etc., there never was lady who loved day (life) + dearer.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.249"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.249">249.</a> <b>A + goodly knight.</b> Prince Arthur, son of King Uther Pendragon and Queen + Ygerne, the model English gentleman, in whom all the virtues are + perfected (Magnificence). According to Upton and most editors, Prince + Arthur represents Lord Leicester; according to another tradition, Sir + Philip Sidney. Could the author have possibly intended in him compliment + to Sir Walter Raleigh? See Spenser's <i>Letter to Raleigh</i>. Arthur is + the beau ideal of knighthood, and upon him the poet lavishes his richest + descriptive powers. His armor, his shield Pridwen, his lance Roan, and + sword Exculibur, were made by the great enchanter Merlin in the isle of + Avallon.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.259"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.259">259.</a> + <b>Shapt like a Ladies head,</b> an effigy of Queen Elizabeth, the Faerie + Queene.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.260"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.260">260.</a> <b>Like + Hesperus,</b> the evening star. Cf. Phosphorus, the morning star.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.268"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.268">268.</a> The + dragon couchant was also the crest of Arthur's father, Uther, surnamed on + this account Pen-dragon. The description in this stanza is imitated from + Tasso's description of the helmet of the Sultan in <i>Jerusalem + Delivered</i>, ix, 25, which in turn follows Vergil's <i>Ęneid</i>, vii, + 785 <i>seq.</i></p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.280"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.280">280.</a> + <b>greene Selinis,</b> a town in Sicily.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.284"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.284">284.</a> <b>His + warlike shield.</b> Spenser here follows closely the description of the + shield of the magician Atlante in Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, ii, + 55.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.300"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.300">300.</a> + <b>silver Cynthia,</b> the moon. It was popularly supposed that magicians + and witches had power to cause eclipses of the moon.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.304"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.304">304.</a> All + falsehood and deception. Truth and Wisdom are symbolized (Upton).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.306"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.306">306.</a> <b>when + him list,</b> when it pleased him. <i>Him</i> is dative.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.314"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.314">314.</a> <b>It + Merlin was.</b> Ambrose Merlin, the prince of enchanters, son of the nun + Matilda, and an incubus, "half-angel and half-man." He made, in addition + to Prince Arthur's armor and weapons, the Round Table for one hundred and + fifty knights at Carduel, the magic fountain of love, and built + Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain. He died spellbound by the sorceress Vivien + in a hollow oak. See Tennyson's <i>Idylls of the King</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.326"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.326">326.</a> <b>did + trample as the aire,</b> curveted as lightly as the air.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.335"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.335">335.</a> <b>And + for her humour,</b> etc., and to suit her (sad) mood framed fitting + conversation.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.355"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.355">355.</a> The + subject of <i>found</i> is the substantive clause <i>who... + impart</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.xli"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.xli">xli.</a> Observe + the antithetical structure of this stanza, both in the + <i>Stichomuthia</i>, or balance of line against line, and in the lines + themselves. In this rapid word-play Arthur wins his point by appealing to + Una's faith.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.363"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.363">363.</a> <b>No + faith so fast,</b> etc., no faith is so firm that human infirmity may not + injure it.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.376"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.376">376.</a> Una, + Truth, is the sole daughter of Eden.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.377"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.377">377.</a> + <b>whilest equal destinies,</b> etc., whilst their destinies (Fates) + revolved equally and undisturbed in their orbits. (Astronomical + figure.)</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.381"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.381">381.</a> + <b>Phison and Euphrates,</b> etc., three of the four rivers that watered + Eden, the Hiddekel being omitted. See <i>Genesis</i>, ii, 11-14. In this + stanza the poet strangely mixes Christian doctrine and the classical + belief in the envy of the gods working the downfall of men.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.385"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.385">385.</a> + <b>Tartary,</b> Tartarus (for the rhyme), the lowest circle of torment in + the infernal regions.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.391"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.391">391.</a> Has + this obscure line any reference to prophecy? Cf. <i>Daniel</i>, vii, 25, + <i>Revelation</i>, xii, 6, 14.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.394"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.394">394.</a> <b>that + heaven walks about,</b> under the sky.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.404"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.404">404.</a> <b>That + noble order,</b> the Order of the Garter, of which the Maiden Queen was + head. The figure of St. George slaying the dragon appears on the oval and + pendant to the collar of this Order.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.405"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.405">405.</a> <b>of + Gloriane,</b> Queen Elizabeth.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.407"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.407">407.</a> + <b>Cleopolis is red,</b> is called Cleopolis, <i>i.e.</i> the city of + Glory, or London.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.425"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.425">425.</a> <b>my + dolefull disadventurous deare,</b> my sad misadventurous injury.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.429"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.429">429.</a> <b>That + he my captive languor,</b> the languishing captivity of my parents.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.432"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.432">432.</a> <b>My + loyalty,</b> <i>i.e.</i> the loyalty of me that rather death desire, + etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_vii.441"></a><a class="b" href="#vii.441">441.</a> <b>That + brought not backe,</b> etc., (and whence) the body full of evil was not + brought back dead.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_VII">Canto VII</a>)</p> + + <p>1. Relate how the Knight fell into the hands of the Giant. 2. Note the + fine adaptation of sound to sense in vii. 3. Who were the parents and the + foster-father of Orgoglio? 4. What are the principal characteristics of + the giants of romance as seen in Orgoglio? cf. with the giants in + <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>. 5. In the description of the giant do the last + two lines (<a href="#vii.viii">viii</a>) add to or detract from the + impression? Why? 6. To whom does Spenser ascribe the invention of + artillery? 7. Explain the allegory involved in the relations of Duessa + and Orgoglio. 8. How does Una act on hearing the news of the Knight's + capture? 9. What part does the Dwarf play? 10. Is Una just to herself in + ll. <a href="#vii.200">200</a>-201? 11. Is she over sentimental or + ineffective—and is the pathos of her grief kept within the limits + of the reader's pleasure? 12. Express in your own words the main thought + in <a href="#vii.xxii">xxii</a>. 13. Note the skillful summary of events + in <a href="#vii.xxvi">xxvi</a>, and observe that this stanza is the + <i>Central Crisis</i> and <i>Pivotal Point</i> of the whole Book. The + fortunes of the Knight reach their lowest ebb and begin to turn. The + first half of the Book has been the <i>complication</i> of the plot, the + second half will be the <i>resolution</i>. 14. Give a description of + Prince Arthur. 15. What mysterious power was possessed by his shield? Cf. + the Holy Grail. 16. Observe carefully the scene between Una and Arthur, + noting the changes in her mood. What light is thrown on her character? + What are her feelings toward the Knight? 17. Explain the various threads + of allegory in this Canto.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_VIII">CANTO VIII</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot:</i> Prince Arthur and Una are conducted by the Dwarf + to Orgoglio's Castle. At the blast of the Squire's horn the Giant comes + forth attended by Duessa mounted on the seven-headed Beast. In the battle + which ensues Arthur wounds the Beast, slays the Giant and captures + Duessa. Prince Arthur finds the Redcross Knight half starved in a foul + dungeon and releases him. Duessa is stripped of her gaudy clothes and + allowed to hide herself in the wilderness.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory:</i> 1. Magnificence, the sum of all the virtues, + wins the victory over Carnal Pride, and restores Holiness to its better + half, Truth. With the overthrow of Pride, Falsehood, which is the ally of + that vice, is stripped of its outward show and exposed in all its hideous + deformity.</p> + + <p>2. The false Romish Church becomes drunk in the blood of the martyrs. + There is a hint of the persecutions in the Netherlands, in Piedmont, of + the massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day and the burnings under Bloody Mary. + Protestant England is delivered from Popish tyranny by the honor and + courage of the English people. Militant England (Prince Arthur) is + assisted by the clergy (Squire) with his horn (Bible) and is guided by + Truth and Common Sense (Dwarf).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.23"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.23">23.</a> <b>horne + of bugle small,</b> the English Bible. Spenser here imitates the + description of the magic horn of Logistilla in Ariosto's <i>Orlando + Furioso</i>, xv, 15, 53. Such horns are frequently mentioned in romance, + e.g., <i>Chanson de Roland</i>, <i>Morte d' Arthur</i>, Hawes' + <i>Pastime</i>, Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, <i>Huon of + Bordeaux</i>, <i>Romance of Sir Otarel</i>, Cervantes' <i>Don + Quixote</i>, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.50"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.50">50.</a> <b>late + cruell feast,</b> a probable reference to the massacre of St. + Bartholomew's Day in Paris in 1572, and to the persecutions of Alva's + Council of Blood in the Netherlands in 1567.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.ix"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.ix">ix.</a> This + stanza is an imitation of Homer's <i>Iliad</i>, xiv, 414.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.95"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.95">95.</a> <b>in + Cymbrian plaine,</b> probably the Crimea, the ancient Tauric Chersonese. + Some connect it with the Cimbric Chersonese, or Jutland, which was famous + for its herds of bulls.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.96"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.96">96.</a> + <b>kindly rage,</b> natural passion.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.105"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.105">105.</a> Note + the Latinism "threatened his heads," and the imperfect rhyme + "brands."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.118"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.118">118.</a> + <b>her golden cup,</b> suggested by Circe's magic cup in Homer's + <i>Odyssey</i>, x, 316, and the golden cup of the Babylonish woman in + <i>Revelation</i>, xvii, 4.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.148"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.148">148.</a> + <b>Through great impatience of his grieved hed,</b> etc., through + inability to endure (the pain of) his wounded head, he would have cast + down his rider, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.155"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.155">155.</a> <b>In + one alone left hand,</b> in one hand alone remaining. His left arm had + been cut off (x).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.xix"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.xix">xix.</a> The + uncovered shield represents the open Bible. The incident is an imitation + of Ruggiero's display of his shield in <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, xxii, + 85.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.246"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.246">246.</a> + <b>Your fortune maister,</b> etc., be master of your fortune by good + management.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.268"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.268">268.</a> + <b>unused rust,</b> rust which is due to disuse; a Latinism.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.296"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.296">296.</a> + <b>With natures pen,</b> etc., <i>i.e.</i> by his gray hairs, at that age + to which proper seriousness belongs. "I cannot tell" did not become his + venerable looks.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.310"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.310">310.</a> + <b>That greatest princes,</b> etc. This may mean (1) befitting the + presence of the greatest princes, or (2) that the greatest princes might + deign to behold in person. The first interpretation is preferable.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.312"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.312">312.</a> A + general reference to the bloody persecutions without regard to age or sex + carried on for centuries by the Romish Church, often under the name of + "crusades," "acts of faith," "holy inquisition," etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.315"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.315">315.</a> This + may refer to the burning of heretics, under the pretext that the Church + shed no blood. Kitchin thinks that it means "accursed ashes."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.317"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.317">317.</a> <b>An + Altare,</b> cf. <i>Revelation</i>, vi, 9. <b>Carv'd with cunning + ymagery,</b> "in allusion to the stimulus given to the fine arts by the + Church of Rome" (Percival).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.366"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.366">366.</a> + <b>brawned bowrs,</b> brawny muscles.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.375"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.375">375.</a> + <b>what evill starre,</b> etc. In Spenser's day, belief in astrology, the + pseudo-science of the influence of the stars on human lives, was still + common.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.381"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.381">381.</a> There + was an old familiar ballad entitled <i>Fortune my Foe</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.384"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.384">384.</a> + <i>i.e.</i> your good fortune will be threefold as great as your evil + fortune.</p> + + <p><a class="b" href="#viii.384">384.</a> + <b>good growes of evils priefe,</b> good springs out of our endurance of + the tests and experience of evil.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.391"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.391">391.</a> + <b>Best musicke breeds delight,</b> etc. A troublesome passage. Upton and + Jortin emend <i>delight</i> to <i>dislike</i>; Church inserts <i>no</i> + before <i>delight</i> and omits <i>best</i>; Kitchin suggests + <i>despight</i>; Grosart prefers the text as it stands with the meaning + that although the best music pleases the troubled mind, it is no pleasure + to renew the memory of past sufferings. I venture to offer still another + solution, based on the context. When Una shows a desire to hear from her + Knight a recountal of his sufferings in the dungeon, and he is silent, + being loath to speak of them, Arthur reminds her that a <i>change of + subject is best</i>, for the best music is that which breeds delight in + the troubled ear.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_viii.xlvi"></a><a class="b" href="#viii.xlvi">xlvi.</a> In + this passage Spenser follows closely the description of the witch Alcina + in Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, vii, 73. Rogero has been fascinated + by her false beauty, and her real foulness is exposed by means of a magic + ring. The stripping of Duessa symbolizes the proscription of vestments + and ritual, and the overthrow of images, etc., at the time of the + Reformation. Duessa is only banished to the wilderness, not put to death, + and reappears in another book of the poem.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_VIII">Canto VIII</a>)</p> + + <p>1. What moral reflections are found in <a href="#viii.i">i</a>? 2. + What were the duties of the Squire in chivalry? 3. What part does + Arthur's Squire play? 4. What does the Squire's horn symbolize? 5. + Observe the classical figure in <a href="#viii.ix">ix</a>. 6. Describe + the battle before the Giant's Castle, stating what part is taken by each + of the four engaged. 7. Point out several of the characteristics of a + typical battle of romance, and compare with combats in classical and + modern times. 8. What additional traits of Una's character are presented + in this Canto? Note especially her treatment of the Knight. 9. How is the + unchangeableness of truth illustrated in this story? 10. Who is the old + man in <a href="#viii.xxx">xxx</a> <i>seq.</i>? 11. Who is the <i>woful + thrall</i> in <a href="#viii.xxxvii">xxxvii</a>? 12. In what condition, + mental and physical, is the Knight when liberated? 13. How long was he a + captive? 14. What was Duessa's punishment? Was it adequate? Explain its + moral and religious meaning. 15. Observe the use of <i>thou</i> and + <i>ye</i> (<i>you</i>) in this Canto. 16. Find examples of + <i>antithesis</i>, <i>alliteration</i>, <i>Latinisms</i>.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_IX">CANTO IX</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot:</i> Prince Arthur tells Una of his vision of the + Faerie Queene and of his quest for her. After exchanging presents with + the Redcross Knight, he bids farewell to Una and her companions. These + pursue their journey and soon meet a young knight, Sir Trevisan, fleeing + from Despair. Sir Trevisan tells of his narrow escape from this old man, + and unwillingly conducts the Redcross Knight back to his cave. The Knight + enters and is almost persuaded to take his own life. He is saved by the + timely interposition of Una. This is the most powerful canto of Book + I.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory:</i> 1. The moral allegory in <a href="#canto_VII">Canto VII</a> presents + the transition of the Soul (Redcross) from Pride to Sin (Duessa) through + distrust of Truth (Una), and it thus comes into the bondage of Carnal + Pride (Orgoglio). In Canto IX the Soul suffers a similar change from Sin + to Despair. Having escaped from actual sin, but with spiritual life + weakened, it almost falls a victim to Despair through excess of + confidence and zeal to perform some good action. The Soul is saved by + Truth, by which it is reminded to depend on the grace of God.</p> + + <p>2. The allegory on its religious side seems to have some obscure + reference to the long and bitter controversies between Protestantism + (Calvinism) and Roman Catholicism allied with infidelity.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.1"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.1">1.</a> <b>O goodly + golden chaine,</b> chivalry or knightly honor, the bond that unites all + the virtues.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.18"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.18">18.</a> + <b>thanklesse,</b> because not knowing whom to thank.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.26"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.26">26.</a> In Malory's + <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>, Arthur is taken from his mother, Ygerne, at birth, + and committed to the care of Sir Ector as his foster-father, i, 3. In + <i>Merlin</i> Sir Antor is his foster-father.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.33"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.33">33.</a> <b>Rauran + mossy hore,</b> Rauran white with moss. A "Rauran-vaur hill" in + Merionethshire is mentioned by Selden. Contrary to the older romancers, + Spenser makes Prince Arthur a Welshman, not a Cornishman.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.34"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.34">34.</a> <b>the river + Dee,</b> which rises in Merionethshire and flows through Lake Bala.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.39"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.39">39.</a> <b>my + discipline to frame,</b> etc., to plan my course of instruction, and, as + my tutor, to supervise my bringing up.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.45"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.45">45.</a> <b>in her + just terme,</b> in due time.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.57"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.57">57.</a> <b>or that + fresh bleeding wound,</b> <i>i.e.</i> his love for Gloriana.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.59"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.59">59.</a> <b>With + forced fury,</b> etc., supplying "me" from "my" in l. 58 the meaning is: + the wound ... brought ... me following its bidding with compulsive + (passionate) fury, etc. In the sixteenth century <i>his</i> was still + almost always used as the possessive of <i>it</i>. <i>Its</i> does not + occur in the King James Version of the Bible (1611).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.63"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.63">63.</a> <b>Could + ever find</b> (the heart) to grieve, etc. A Euphuistic conceit.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.64"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.64">64.</a> According to + the physiology of Spenser's age, love was supposed to dry up the humors + ("moysture") of the body.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.70"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.70">70.</a> <b>But + told,</b> <i>i.e.</i> if it (my love) is told.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.100"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.100">100.</a> + <b>Ensample make of him,</b> witness him (the Redcross knight).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.113"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.113">113.</a> <b>Whiles + every sence,</b> etc., while the sweet moisture bathed all my senses.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.146"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.146">146.</a> <b>Next + to that Ladies love,</b> <i>i.e.</i> next to his love (loyalty) for + Gloriana. Does the poet mean that allegiance to queen and country comes + before private affection?</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.149"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.149">149.</a> <b>Was + firmest fixt,</b> etc., were strongest in my extremity (in the giant's + dungeon).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.169"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.169">169.</a> <b>A + booke,</b> the New Testament, an appropriate gift from the champions of + the Reformed Church.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.182"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.182">182.</a> <b>An + armed knight,</b> Sir Trevisan, who symbolizes Fear.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.189"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.189">189.</a> + <b>Pegasus,</b> the winged horse of the Muses. For note on the false + possessive with <i>his</i>, see note on V, <a href="#Nt_v.44">44</a>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.233"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.233">233.</a> <b>had + not greater grace,</b> etc., had not greater grace (than was granted my + comrade) saved me from it, I should have been partaker (with him of his + doom) in that place.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.249"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.249">249.</a> <b>after + faire areedes,</b> afterwards graciously tells.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.267"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.267">267.</a> <b>with + dying feare,</b> with fear of dying.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.269"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.269">269.</a> <b>Whose + like infirmitie,</b> etc., <i>i.e.</i> if you are a victim of love, you + may also fall into the hands of despair.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.270"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.270">270.</a> <b>But + God you never let,</b> but may God never let you, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.272"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.272">272.</a> <b>to + spoyle the Castle of his health,</b> to take his own life. Cf. Eliot's + <i>Castell of Helthe</i>, published in 1534.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.273"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.273">273.</a> <b>I + wote,</b> etc. I, whom recent trial hath taught, and who would not + (endure the) like for all the wealth of this world, know (how a man may + be so gained over to destroy himself).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.275"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.275">275.</a> This + simile is a very old one. See Homer's <i>Iliad</i>, i, 249; + <i>Odyssey</i>, xviii, 283; <i>Song of Solomon</i>, iv, 11; and Tasso's + <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, ii, 51.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.286"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.286">286.</a> <b>for + gold nor glee.</b> Cf. for love or money.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.294"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.294">294-</a>296. + Imitated from Vergil's <i>Ęneid</i>, vi, 462.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.315"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.315">315.</a> + <b>as,</b> as if.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.320"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.320">320.</a> <b>A + drearie corse,</b> Sir Terwin, mentioned in xxvii.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.332"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.332">332.</a> <b>judge + against thee right,</b> give just judgment against thee.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.333"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.333">333.</a> <b>to + price,</b> to pay the price of.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.336"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.336">336.</a> <b>What + justice,</b> etc., what justice ever gave any other judgment but (this, + that) he, who deserves, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.340"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.340">340.</a> <b>Is + then unjust,</b> etc., is it then unjust to give each man his due?</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.xxxix"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.xxxix">xxxix.</a> + Observe the subtle argument on suicide in this and st. xl.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.xli"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.xli">xli.</a> Spenser + here puts into the mouth of the Knight Socrates' argument to Cebes in + their dialogue on the immortality of the soul. Plato's <i>Phędo</i>, + vi.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.367"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.367">367.</a> <b>Quoth + he,</b> Despair.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.403"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.403">403.</a> <b>thy + date,</b> the allotted measure or duration of thy life.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.408"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.408">408.</a> <b>thy + sinfull hire,</b> thy service of sin.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.431"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.431">431.</a> <b>As he + were charmed,</b> etc., as if he were under the spell of magic + incantation.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.438"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.438">438.</a> <b>in a + table,</b> in a picture. The horrors of the Last Judgment and the + torments of the lost were favorite subjects of the medięval Catholic + painters.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.468"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.468">468.</a> + <b>fire-mouthed Dragon.</b> The dragons of romance are all described as + fire-breathing,</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.473"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.473">473.</a> <b>that + chosen art,</b> a reference to the doctrine of Election. <i>Mark</i>, + xiii, 20.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.476"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.476">476.</a> + <b>accurst hand-writing.</b> A reference to Paul's letter to the + <i>Colossians</i>, ii, 14, in which he declares that the gospel of grace + has superseded the law of Moses.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_ix.484"></a><a class="b" href="#ix.484">484.</a> <b>he so + himselfe had drest,</b> he had thus attempted (to take his life).</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_IX">Canto IX</a>)</p> + + <p>1. Give an account of Prince Arthur's vision of the Faerie Queene. 2. + Interpret his search for her as an allegory of the young man's quest + after his ideal. 3. Observe in xvii an allusion to Spenser's patron, Lord + Leicester, who was a favored suitor for Elizabeth's hand. 4. What + presents did the Knights exchange at parting? 5. Characterize Sir + Trevisan by his appearance, speech, and actions. What does he symbolize? + 6. Note the skill with which Spenser arouses interest before telling of + the interview with Despair. 7. What was the fate of Sir Terwin? Its moral + significance? 8. Describe the Cave of Despair, and show what effects are + aimed at by the poet. 9. Compare with Despair Bunyan's Giant Despair and + the Man in the Iron Cage. 10. Trace the sophistries by which Despair + works in the mind of the Knight, <i>e.g.</i> the arguments from necessity + (fatalism), humanity, cowardice, discouragement and disgust on account of + his past failures, dread of the future, of God's justice, and the relief + of death. 11. Does Despair show knowledge of the Knight's past? 12. With + what powerful truths does Una meet the arguments of Despair? 13. Where do + you find reference to medięval art?</p> + + <p>14. Find examples of <i>Euphuism</i>, <i>metaphors</i>, + <i>similes</i>, <i>Latinisms</i>, and <i>alliteration</i>. 15. Explain + the verb forms in ll. <a href="#ix.154">154</a>, <a + href="#ix.321">321</a>, <a href="#ix.336">336</a>.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_X">CANTO X</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot:</i> The Redcross Knight is conducted by Una to the + House of Holiness, where they are welcomed by Dame Cœlia and + graciously entertained. The Knight is instructed by Fidelia, Speranza, + and Charissa, the three daughters of Cœlia, in his relations to God + and his fellow-men. He is healed in body, and undergoes discipline for + his sins. Mercy conducts him through the Hospital of Good Works, where he + sees her seven Beadsmen. He then with Una climbs the Hill of + Contemplation and hears from a holy man the story of his past with a + prophecy of his future, and obtains a view of the City of Heaven.</p> + + <p>This must be pronounced the most beautiful canto of the first + book.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory:</i> 1. The Soul is brought by the Truth to a + knowledge of the Heavenly Life (Cœlia), and is led, through + repentance, to seek forgiveness and to desire a holier life. Having + learned Faith and Hope, it acquires a zeal for Good Works (Charity), and + is strengthened by exercising Patience and Repentance. At last it enjoys + a mood of happy Contemplation of the past with bright prospects for the + future. The whole canto sets forth the beauty in a life of faith combined + with good deeds.</p> + + <p>2. The religious allegory presents the doctrine, discipline, and + spirit of Protestantism in the sixteenth century. A close parallel may be + drawn between this canto and many things in Bunyan's <i>Pilgrim's + Progress</i>. For his House of Holiness and its management, Spenser has + no doubt taken many suggestions from the great manor house of some + Elizabethan gentleman.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.19"></a><a class="b" href="#x.19">19.</a> <b>an auntient + house,</b> the House of Holiness.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.28"></a><a class="b" href="#x.28">28.</a> <b>Dame + Cœlia,</b> <i>i.e.</i> the Heavenly Lady.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.33"></a><a class="b" href="#x.33">33.</a> <b>Fidelia and + Speranza,</b> Faith and Hope.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.35"></a><a class="b" href="#x.35">35.</a> <b>faire + Charissa,</b> Charity, or Love. <i>Cf. I Corinthians</i>, xiii, 13.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.44"></a><a class="b" href="#x.44">44.</a> <b>Hight + Humiltą,</b> named Humility.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.59"></a><a class="b" href="#x.59">59.</a> <b>And knew + his good,</b> etc., and knew how to conduct himself to all of every + rank.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.77"></a><a class="b" href="#x.77">77.</a> <b>ever-dying + dread,</b> constant dread of death.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.78"></a><a class="b" href="#x.78">78.</a> <b>long a + day,</b> many a long day.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.79"></a><a class="b" href="#x.79">79.</a> <b>thy weary + soles to lead,</b> to guide thy weary feet (to rescue them).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.xiii"></a><a class="b" href="#x.xiii">xiii.</a> The + description of Fidelia is full of biblical allusions, <i>viz.</i>; her + white robe (<i>Revelation</i>, vii, 9); the sacramental cup filled with + wine and water according to the custom of the early Christians + (<i>John</i>, xix, 34); the serpent symbolical of healing power + (<i>Numbers</i>, xxi, and <i>Mark</i>, xiv, 24); the book sealed with the + blood of the Lamb (<i>Revelation</i>, v, 1, and <i>II Corinthians</i>, v, + 7).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.144"></a><a class="b" href="#x.144">144.</a> + <b>encrease</b> is in the optative subj. with <i>God</i> as subject.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.172"></a><a class="b" href="#x.172">172.</a> <b>And when + she list,</b> etc., and when it pleased her to manifest her higher + spiritual power. These miracles of Faith are based on the following + passages: <i>Joshua</i>, x, 12; <i>II Kings</i>, xx, 10; <i>Judges</i>, + vii, 7; <i>Exodus</i>, xiv, 21; <i>Joshua</i>, iii, 17; <i>Matthew</i>, + xxi, 21.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.176"></a><a class="b" href="#x.176">176.</a> This line + is given in the folio edition of 1609, but is wanting in the edition of + 1590 and 1596.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.209"></a><a class="b" href="#x.209">209.</a> <b>hardly + him intreat,</b> scarcely prevail on him.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.213"></a><a class="b" href="#x.213">213.</a> The + absolutions granted by the clergy.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.215"></a><a class="b" href="#x.215">215.</a> <b>the + passion of his plight,</b> his suffering condition.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.xxx"></a><a class="b" href="#x.xxx">xxx.</a> Percival + points out the resemblance between Spenser's Charity and Andrea del + Sarto's famous painting <i>La Charité</i> in the Louvre.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.277"></a><a class="b" href="#x.277">277.</a> <b>Whose + passing price,</b> etc., whose surpassing value it was difficult to + calculate.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.292"></a><a class="b" href="#x.292">292.</a> <b>well to + donne,</b> well doing, right doing.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.318"></a><a class="b" href="#x.318">318.</a> <b>seven + Bead-men,</b> seven men of prayer, corresponding to the Seven Deadly Sins + of the House of Pride. They represent good works: (1) entertainment of + strangers; (2) food to the needy; (3) clothing to the naked; (4) relief + to prisoners; (5) comfort to the sick; (6) burial of the dead, and (7) + care of widows and orphans.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.354"></a><a class="b" href="#x.354">354.</a> <b>price of + bras,</b> ransom in money. <i>Bras</i> is a Latinism from <i>ęs</i>.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.355"></a><a class="b" href="#x.355">355.</a> <b>From + Turkes and Sarazins.</b> In the sixteenth century thousands of Christians + were held captive in Turkish and Saracen prisons, and many of these were + ransomed by the charitable of Europe. Prescott tells us that Charles V + found 10,000 Christians in Tunis at its capture in 1535.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.359"></a><a class="b" href="#x.359">359.</a> <b>he that + harrowd hell.</b> The Harrowing of Hell was the medięval belief in the + descent of Christ to hell to redeem the souls of Old Testament saints, + and to despoil the powers of darkness. It is the subject of an old + miracle play.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.374"></a><a class="b" href="#x.374">374.</a> The + reference is to the resurrection from the dead.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.378"></a><a class="b" href="#x.378">378.</a> <b>I dead + be not defould,</b> that I (when) dead be not defiled. This prayer was + answered, for the poet received honorable burial in Westminster + Abbey.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.381"></a><a class="b" href="#x.381">381.</a> <b>And + widowes ayd,</b> <i>i.e.</i> had charge (to) aid widows, etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.382"></a><a class="b" href="#x.382">382.</a> <b>In face + of judgement,</b> before the judgment-seat.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.422"></a><a class="b" href="#x.422">422-</a>423. <b>his + ... her,</b> Redcross Knight...mercy.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.430"></a><a class="b" href="#x.430">430.</a> <b>For + nought he car'd,</b> for he cared nought that his body had been long + unfed.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.470"></a><a class="b" href="#x.470">470.</a> <b>that + same mighty man of God,</b> Moses. See <i>Exodus</i>, xiv, 16, xxiv, and + xxxiv.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.471"></a><a class="b" href="#x.471">471.</a> <b>That + blood-red billowes,</b> of the Red Sea.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.478"></a><a class="b" href="#x.478">478.</a> <b>that + sacred hill,</b> the mount of Olives.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.483"></a><a class="b" href="#x.483">483.</a> <b>that + pleasaunt Mount,</b> mount Parnassus, the seat of the nine Muses (l. + 485), the patronesses of the arts and of learning. Sacred and profane + literature are beautifully blended in the thoughts of the contemplative + man.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.489"></a><a class="b" href="#x.489">489.</a> <b>a goodly + Citie,</b> the Celestial City, Heaven. The description is suggested by + that in <i>Revelation</i>, xxi, 10 <i>seq.</i></p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.515"></a><a class="b" href="#x.515">515.</a> <b>That + great Cleopolis,</b> London, "the city of glory."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.519"></a><a class="b" href="#x.519">519.</a> + <b>Panthea,</b> probably Westminster Abbey, in which Elizabeth's + ancestors were buried.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.524"></a><a class="b" href="#x.524">524.</a> <b>for + earthly frame,</b> for an earthly structure.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.549"></a><a class="b" href="#x.549">549.</a> <b>Saint + George of mery England.</b> St. George became the patron Saint of England + in 1344, when Edward III consecrated to him the Order of the Garter. + Church and Percival say that <i>merry</i> means <i>pleasant</i> and + referred originally to the country, not the people. Cf. Mereweather.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.lxii"></a><a class="b" href="#x.lxii">lxii.</a> Observe + that lines 1, 2, 5, 6 are spoken by the Knight, the rest by + Contemplation.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.565"></a><a class="b" href="#x.565">565.</a> + <b>bequeathed care,</b> the charge intrusted to thee (by Una).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.579"></a><a class="b" href="#x.579">579.</a> <b>and many + bloody battailes,</b> etc., and fought many bloody pitched battles.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.585"></a><a class="b" href="#x.585">585.</a> + <b>Chaungelings.</b> The belief in the power of fairies to substitute + their elf-children for human babies is frequently referred to in writers + of Spenser's time. In the <i>Seven Champions</i> the witch Kalyb steals + away St. George, the son of Lord Albert of Coventry, soon after his + birth.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_x.591"></a><a class="b" href="#x.591">591.</a> + <b>Georgos,</b> from the Greek + <i>γεωργός</i>, an earth + tiller, farmer. Spenser borrows the story in this stanza from that of + Tages, son of Earth, who was similarly found and brought up. Ovid's + <i>Metamorphoses</i>, xv, 553.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_X">Canto X</a>)</p> + + <p>1. Observe that stanza <a href="#x.i">i</a> contains the moral of + <a href="#canto_IX">Canto IX</a>. 2. What was Una's purpose in bringing the Knight to the House + of Holiness? 3. Why should Faith and Hope be represented as betrothed + virgins, and Charity a matron? 4. Who were Zeal, Reverence, Obedience, + Patience, and Mercy, with the symbolism of each? 5. Who was the + door-keeper? Explain the allegory. 6. Find and explain the biblical + allusions in this Canto, which shows the influence of the Bible to a + remarkable extent. 7. In what was the Knight instructed by Faith (<a + href="#x.xix">xix</a> <i>seq</i>.)? 8. Compare the mood of the Knight in + <a href="#x.xxi">xxi</a> with that in <a href="#canto_IX">Canto IX</a>, li. 9. How did the two + situations affect Una? 10. Note the teachings in <a + href="#x.xxiii">xxiii</a> (prayer), <a href="#x.xxiv">xxiv</a> + (absolution), and <a href="#x.xxv">xxv</a> (mortification of the flesh). + 11. Observe that Faith teaches the Knight his relations to God; Charity, + those to his fellow-men. 12. Explain the lyric note in l. <a + href="#x.378">378</a>. 13. Give an account of the knight's visit to the + Hill of Contemplation. Explain the allegory. 14. Find a stanza + complimentary to Queen Elizabeth. 16. What prophecy was made of the + Knight?</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_XI">CANTO XI</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot</i>: The Redcross Knight reaches the Brazen Tower in + which Una's parents, the King and Queen of Eden, are besieged by the + Dragon. The monster is described. The first day's fight is described, in + which the Knight is borne through the air in the Dragon's claws, wounds + him under the wing with his lance, but is scorched by the flames from the + monster's mouth. The Knight is healed by a bath in the Well of Life. On + the second day the Knight gives the Dragon several sword-wounds, but is + stung by the monster's tail and forced to retreat by the flames. That + night he is refreshed and healed by the balm from the Tree of Life. On + the third day he slays the Dragon by a thrust into his vitals.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory</i>: 1. Mankind has been deprived of Eden by Sin + or Satan (Dragon). The Christian overcomes the devil by means of the + whole armor of God (shield of faith, helmet of salvation, sword of the + Spirit, etc.). The soul is strengthened by the ordinances of religion: + baptism, regeneration, etc.</p> + + <p>2. There is a hint of the long and desperate struggle between Reformed + England (St. George) and the Church of Rome, in which the power of the + Pope and the King of Spain was broken in England, the Netherlands, and + other parts of Europe. Some may see a remoter allusion to the delivery of + Ireland from the same tyranny.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.13"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.13">13.</a> <b>be at + your keeping well,</b> be well on your guard.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.iii"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.iii">iii.</a> This + stanza is not found in the edition of 1590.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.30"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.30">30.</a> <b>And seemd + uneath,</b> etc., and seemed to shake the steadfast ground (so that it + became) unstable. Church and Nares take <i>uneath</i> to mean "beneath" + or "underneath"; Kitchin conjectures "almost."</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.31"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.31">31.</a> <b>that + dreadful Dragon,</b> symbolical of Satan. Spenser here imitates the + combat between St. George and the Dragon in the <i>Seven Champions of + Christendom</i>, i.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.32"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.32">32.</a> This + description of the dragon watching the tower from the sunny hillside is + justly admired for its picturesqueness, power, and suggestiveness. The + language is extremely simple, but the effect is awe-inspiring. It has + been compared with Turner's great painting of the Dragon of the + Hesperides.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.42"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.42">42.</a> <b>O thou + sacred muse,</b> Clio, the Muse of History, whom Spenser calls the + daughter of Phœbus (Apollo) and Mnemosyne (Memory).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.56"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.56">56.</a> <b>till I of + warres,</b> etc. Spenser is here supposed to refer to his plan to + continue the <i>Faerie Queene</i> and treat of the wars of the English + with Philip II ("Paynim King") and the Spanish ("Sarazin").</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.61"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.61">61.</a> <b>let downe + that haughtie string,</b> etc., cease that high-pitched strain and sing a + second (or tenor) to my (lower) tune.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.120"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.120">120.</a> <b>As two + broad Beacons.</b> Kitchin thinks this passage is a reminiscence of the + beacon-fires of July 29, 1588, which signaled the arrival of the Armada + off the Cornish coast.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.158"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.158">158.</a> <b>Her + flitting parts,</b> her shifting parts; referring to the instability of + the air.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.161"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.161">161.</a> <b>low + stouping,</b> swooping low (to the ground); a term in falconry.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.167"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.167">167.</a> <b>hagard + hauke,</b> a wild, untamed falcon.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.168"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.168">168.</a> <b>above + his hable might,</b> beyond the strength of which he is capable.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.172"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.172">172.</a> <b>He so + disseized,</b> etc., <i>i.e.</i> the dragon being thus dispossessed of + his rough grip. The construction is nominative absolute.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.185"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.185">185.</a> <b>And + greedy gulfe does gape,</b> etc., <i>i.e.</i> the greedy waters gape as + if they would devour the land.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.187"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.187">187.</a> <b>the + blustring brethren,</b> the winds.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.228"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.228">228.</a> <b>his + wide devouring oven,</b> the furnace of his maw, or belly.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.235"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.235">235.</a> <b>that + great Champion,</b> Hercules. The charmed garment steeped in the blood of + the Centaur Nessus, whom Hercules had slain, was given him by his wife + Dejanira in order to win back his love. Instead of acting as a philter, + the poison-robe burned the flesh from his body. Ovid's + <i>Metamorphoses</i>, ix, 105.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.xxviii"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.xxviii">xxviii.</a> + Observe the correspondence between the adjectives in l. 244 and the nouns + in l. 245. The sense is: "He was so faint," etc.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.261"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.261">261.</a> <b>The + well of life.</b> This incident is borrowed from <i>Bevis of Hampton</i>. + The allegory is based on <i>John</i>, iv, 14, and <i>Revelation</i>, + xxii, 1.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.267"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.267">267.</a> + <b>Silo,</b> the healing Pool of Siloam, <i>John</i>, ix, 7. Jordan, by + bathing in which Naaman was healed of leprosy, <i>II Kings</i>, v, + 10.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.268"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.268">268.</a> + <b>Bath,</b> in Somersetshire, a town famous from the earliest times for + its medicinal baths. <b>Spau,</b> a town in Belgium noted for its + healthful waters, now a generic name for German watering-places.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.269"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.269">269.</a> + <b>Cephise,</b> the river Cephissus in Bœotia whose waters possessed + the power of bleaching the fleece of sheep. Cf. <i>Isaiah</i>, i, 18. + <b>Hebrus,</b> a river in Thrace, here mentioned because it awaked to + music the head and lyre of the dead Orpheus, as he floated down its + stream. Ovid's <i>Metamorphoses</i>, xi, 50.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.295"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.295">295.</a> <b>to + move,</b> moving. This is a French idiom.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.300"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.300">300.</a> <b>As + Eagle fresh out of the Ocean wave,</b> etc. There was an ancient belief, + that once in ten years the eagle would soar into the empyrean, and + plunging thence into the sea, would molt his plumage and renew his youth + with a fresh supply of feathers.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.312"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.312">312.</a> <b>his + bright deaw-burning blade,</b> his bright blade flashing with the "holy + water dew" in which it had been hardened (l. 317).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.322"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.322">322.</a> <b>Ne + molten mettall in his blood embrew,</b> <i>i.e.</i> nor sword bathe + itself in his (the dragon's) blood.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.335"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.335">335.</a> <b>With + sharpe intended sting,</b> with sharp, outstretched sting.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.366"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.366">366.</a> <b>the + griped gage,</b> the pledge (shield) seized (by the dragon).</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.386"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.386">386.</a> <b>missed + not his minisht might,</b> felt not the loss of its diminished strength; + <i>i.e.</i> though cut off, the paw still held to the shield.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.xliv"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.xliv">xliv.</a> In + comparing the fire-spewing dragon to a volcano, Spenser follows Vergil's + <i>Ęneid</i>, iii, 571, and Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, iv, + 8.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.406"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.406">406.</a> <b>a + goodly tree.</b> Cf. <i>Genesis</i>, ii, 9, and <i>Revelation</i>, xxii, + 2.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.409"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.409">409.</a> <b>over + all were red,</b> everywhere were spoken of.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.414"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.414">414.</a> Cf. + <i>Genesis</i>, iii, 2. Adam and Eve were expelled from the garden lest + they should eat and live forever.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.434"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.434">434.</a> <b>deadly + made,</b> a creature of death, <i>i.e.</i> hell-born.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.469"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.469">469.</a> An + imitation of an incident in the <i>Seven Champions</i> in which a winged + serpent attempts to swallow St. George; i, 1.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.477"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.477">477.</a> <b>And + back retyrd,</b> and as it was withdrawn. A Gallicism.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xi.490"></a><a class="b" href="#xi.490">490.</a> <b>which + she misdeem'd,</b> in which she was mistaken. Una feared that the dragon + was not dead.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_XI">Canto XI</a>)</p> + + <p>1. Describe the three days' fight between the Knight and the Dragon. + 2. What advantages does each gain? 3. Study the Dragon as a type of the + conventional monster of romance, contrasting his brutal nature with the + intellectuality and strategy of the Knight. 4. Study the battle as an + allegory of the victory of mind over matter, of virtue over vice, of + Protestantism over Romanism. 5. By what devices does Spenser obtain the + effects of <i>terror</i>? Mystery and terror are prime elements in + romance. 6. Find examples of another romantic characteristic, + <i>exaggeration</i>. 7. Do you think that in his use of hyperbole and + impossibilities Spenser shows that he was deficient in a sense of humor? + 8. Observe the lyric note in iii and liv. 9. How does the poet impress + the reader with the size of the Dragon? 10. Which Muse does he invoke? + 11. Spenser's poetry is richly <i>sensuous</i>: find passages in which he + appeals to the sense of <i>sight</i> (<a href="#xi.iv">iv</a>, <a + href="#xi.viii">viii</a>, <a href="#xi.xiv">xiv</a>), of <i>sound</i> (<a + href="#xi.iv">iv</a>, <a href="#xi.ix">ix</a>), of <i>touch</i> (<a + href="#xi.x">x</a>, <a href="#xi.xi">xi</a>, <a href="#xi.vii">vii</a>), + of <i>smell</i> (<a href="#xi.xiii">xiii</a>), of <i>taste</i> (<a + href="#xi.xiii">xiii</a>), of <i>pain</i> (<a + href="#xi.xxxvii">xxxvii</a>, <a href="#xi.xxvi">xxvi</a>, <a + href="#xi.xxii">xxii</a>), of <i>motion</i> (<a href="#xi.x">x</a>, <a + href="#xi.xv">xv</a>, <a href="#xi.xviii">xviii</a>). 12. Where do you + find an allegory of baptism? Of regeneration? Of the resurrection of + Christ (the three days)? 13. Analyze the descriptions of the coming of + darkness and of dawn.</p> + +<h3><a href="#canto_XII">CANTO XII</a></h3> + + <p>I. <i>The Plot</i>: The death of the dragon is announced by the + watchman on the tower of the city, and Una's parents, the King and Queen, + accompanied by a great throng, come forth rejoicing at their deliverance. + The Knight and Una are conducted with great honors into the palace. On + the eve of their betrothal, Archimago suddenly appears as Duessa's + messenger and claims the Knight. Their wicked attempt is frustrated, and + the pair are happily betrothed. After a long time spent in Una's society, + the Knight sets out to engage in the further service of the Faerie + Queene.</p> + + <p>II. <i>The Allegory</i>: Holiness, by conquering the devil, frees the + whole human race from the tyranny of sin. It is embarrassed by the + unexpected appearance of the consequences of its past sins, but makes a + manly confession. In spite of hypocritical intrigues (Archimago) and + false slanders (Duessa), Holiness is united to Truth, thus forming a + perfect character. The champion of the church militant responds + cheerfully to the calls of duty and honor.</p> + + <p>2. Reformed England, having destroyed the brutal power of Rome, is + firmly united to the truth in spite of the intrigues of the Pope to win + it back to allegiance. It then goes forth against the King of Spain in + obedience to the command of Queen Elizabeth.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.3"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.3">3.</a> <b>vere the + maine shete,</b> shift the mainsail, <b>beare up with the land,</b> + direct the ship toward land.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.25"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.25">25.</a> <b>out of + hond,</b> at once.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.43"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.43">43.</a> <b>Of tall + young men.</b> An allusion to Queen Elizabeth's Pensioners, a band of the + tallest and handsomest young men, of the best families and fortunes, that + could be found (Warton). <b>All hable armes to sownd,</b> all proper to + wield armes.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.57"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.57">57.</a> <b>to the + Maydens,</b> to the accompaniment of the maidens' timbrels.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.71"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.71">71.</a> <b>in her + self-resemblance well beseene,</b> looking well in her resemblance to her + proper self, <i>i.e.</i> a king's daughter.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.73"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.73">73.</a> <b>the + raskall many,</b> the crowd of common people.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.116"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.116">116.</a> <b>of + great name,</b> of great celebrity, <i>i.e.</i> value.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.117"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.117">117.</a> + <b>fitting purpose frame,</b> held fitting conversation.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.xiv"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.xiv">xiv.</a> Kitchin + and Percival think this whole passage a clever compliment to the + parsimony of the Queen's court.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.161"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.161">161.</a> <b>that + proud Paynim king,</b> probably a reference to Philip of Spain.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.168"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.168">168.</a> <b>Nor + doen undo,</b> nor undo what has been done.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.173"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.173">173.</a> <b>In + sort as,</b> even as.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.205"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.205">205.</a> <b>all + were she,</b> although she had been. <b>In place,</b> in various + places.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.313"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.313">313.</a> + <b>bait.</b> In Spenser's time bear-baiting was a favorite pastime of the + people and received royal patronage.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.328"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.328">328.</a> <b>The + housling fire,</b> the sacramental fire. Spenser seems here to have in + mind, not the Christian <i>housel</i> or Eucharist, but the Roman + marriage rites with their symbolic fire and water.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.347"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.347">347.</a> + <b>trinall triplicities,</b> the threefold three orders of the celestial + hierarchy according to the scholastic theologians. They were as follows: + (1) Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones; (2) Dominations, Virtues, Powers; (3) + Princedoms, Archangels, and Angels. Cf. Dante's <i>Paradiso</i>, xxviii, + Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, xviii, 96, and Milton's <i>Paradise + Lost</i>, v, 748.</p> + + <p><a name="Nt_xii.375"></a><a class="b" href="#xii.375">375.</a> <b>her + tackles spent,</b> her worn-out rigging.</p> + +<h3>QUESTIONS AND TOPICS</h3> + +<p class="center">(<a href="#canto_XII">Canto XII</a>)</p> + + <p>1. Contrast the tone of this canto with the preceding two. 2. When + does Spenser drop into a lighter, humorous vein? 3. Find allusions to + sixteenth century customs, <i>e.g.</i> that of sitting on rush-strewn + floors. 4. How was the Redcross Knight received by the King? 5. Compare + Una's costume with that described in the first canto. Why this change? 6. + What hint of the significance of her name in <a href="#xii.xxi">xxi</a>? + 7. What is the effect of Archimago's appearance? (For dramatic surprise.) + 8. What is the effect of Duessa's letter? (Suspense of fear.) 9. Observe + the confusion of Christian and Pagan rites in this canto. 10. Where does + Spenser make happy use of maritime figures? 11. Explain the allegory of + this canto.</p> + +<hr /> + +<a name="gloss"></a> +<h2>GLOSSARY</h2> +<p class="center">[The numbers refer to cantos and stanzas.]</p> +<div class="noflo"> +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>A</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Abide</b>, v, <a href="#v.xvii">17</a>, to attend on.</p> +<p><b>About</b>, i, <a href="#i.xi">11</a>, out of.</p> +<p><b>Acquite</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.i">1</a>, release, set free.</p> +<p><b>Addrest</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xi">11</a>, armed, equipped; x, <a href="#x.xi">11</a>, directed.</p> +<p><b>Advise</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxiii">33</a>, consider.</p> +<p><b>Advizement</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xii">12</a>, counsel, advice.</p> +<p><b>Afflicted</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.iv">4</a>, humble.</p> +<p><b>Affray</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xii">12</a>, terror, alarm; v, <a href="#v.xxx">30</a>, to startle.</p> +<p><b>Affronted</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xiii">13</a>, opposed.</p> +<p><b>Afore</b>, x, <a href="#x.xlix">49</a>, ahead, in front of.</p> +<p><b>Agraste</b>, x, <a href="#x.xviii">18</a>, favor, show grace.</p> +<p><b>Albe</b>, v, <a href="#v.xlv">45</a>, although.</p> +<p><b>All</b>, x, <a href="#x.xlvii">47</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xxiii">23</a>, although.</p> +<p><b>Almner</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxxviii">38</a>, almoner, distributer of alms.</p> +<p><b>Als</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xviii">18</a>, also, quite so.</p> +<p><b>Amate</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xlv">45</a>, dismay, dishearten.</p> +<p><b>Amis</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xviii">18</a>, linen head-dress.</p> +<p><b>Amoves</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xlv">45</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xxi">21</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xviii">18</a>, moves.</p> +<p><b>Andvile</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xlii">42</a>, anvil.</p> +<p><b>Apply</b>, x, <a href="#x.xlvi">46</a>, attend to, add.</p> +<p><b>Aread</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxi">31</a>, <a href="#viii.xxxiii">33</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.vi">6</a>, <a href="#ix.xxiii">23</a>; x, <a href="#x.li">51</a>, <a href="#x.lxiv">64</a>, tell, explain; xii, <a href="#xii.xxviii">28</a>, advise; <b>ared</b>, x, <a href="#x.xvii">17</a>; explained; <b>areeds</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.i">1</a>, urges.</p> +<p><b>Arise</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxii">32</a>, depart, rise out of.</p> +<p><b>Armorie</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxvii">27</a>, armor.</p> +<p><b>Arras</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.vi">6</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xxxv">35</a>, tapestry.</p> +<p><b>Aslake</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxxvi">36</a>, appease, abate the fury of.</p> +<p><b>Assay</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xiii">13</a>, approved quality, value; vii, <a href="#vii.xxvii">27</a>, trial; viii, <a href="#viii.viii">8</a>, assault; ii, <a href="#ii.xxiv">24</a>; iv, <a href="#iv.viii">8</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.ii">2</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxxii">32</a>, try, assail, attempt.</p> +<p><b>Assoiled</b>, x, <a href="#x.lii">52</a>, absolved.</p> +<p><b>Astond</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxxi">31</a>; vi, <a href="#vi.ix">9</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxxv">35</a>, astounded, amazed.</p> +<p><b>Attach</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxv">35</a>, seize, arrest.</p> +<p><b>Attaine</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.viii">8</a>, reach, fall in with.</p> +<p><b>Attaint</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxiv">34</a>, obscure, discolor.</p> +<p><b>Avale</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxi">21</a>, fall, sink.</p> +<p><b>Avise</b>, v, <a href="#v.xl">40</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xv">15</a>, perceive.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>B</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Baite</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxii">32</a>, feed, refresh.</p> +<p><b>Bale</b>, i, <a href="#i.xvi">16</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.iv">4</a>, disaster, destruction; ix, <a href="#ix.xvi">16</a>, <a href="#ix.xxix">29</a>, trouble, grief.</p> +<p><b>Banes</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxvi">36</a>, banns of marriage.</p> +<p><b>Battailous</b>, v, <a href="#v.ii">2</a>, warlike, ready for battle.</p> +<p><b>Battrie</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xi">11</a>, assault.</p> +<p><b>Bauldrick</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxix">29</a>, a leather girdle for the sword or bugle, worn pendant across the shoulder and breast.</p> +<p><b>Bayes</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.iii">3</a>, bathes.</p> +<p><b>Beades</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxx">30</a>, prayers.</p> +<p><b>Beadmen</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxxvi">36</a>, men devoted to prayer for the soul of the founder of the charitable institution in which they lived.</p> +<p><b>Become</b>, x, <a href="#x.xvi">16</a>, gone to; <b>became</b>, x, <a href="#x.lxvi">66</a>, suited.</p> +<p><b>Bed</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xli">41</a>, bid.</p> +<p><b>Bedight</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxi">21</a>, adorned.</p> +<p><b>Beguyld</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxv">25</a>, foiled.</p> +<p><b>Beheast</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xviii">18</a>, command.</p> +<p><b>Behight</b>, x, <a href="#x.lxiv">64</a>, name, declare; x, <a href="#x.l">50</a>, intrusted, delivered; xi, <a href="#xi.xxxviii">38</a>, <b>behot</b>, promised.</p> +<p><b>Beseemed</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxii">32</a>, suited, was becoming.</p> +<p><b>Beseene</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.v">5</a>, (good) looking, or (well) dressed.</p> +<p><b>Bestedd</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxiv">24</a>, situated, badly off.</p> +<p><b>Bet</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xix">19</a>, beat; <b>bett</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.v">5</a>.</p> +<p><b>Betake</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxv">25</a>, intrust to, hand over to.</p> +<p><b>Bethrall</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxviii">28</a>, imprison, take captive.</p> +<p><b>Bever</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxi">31</a>, the lower and movable part of the helmet.</p> +<p><b>Bewaile</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.i">1</a>, cause, bring about. Use either forced, or an error (Nares).</p> +<p><b>Bidding</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxx">30</a>, praying.</p> +<p><b>Bilive</b>, or <b>blive</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxii">32</a>, quickly.</p> +<p><b>Blame</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xviii">18</a>, hurt, injury, or blameworthiness.</p> +<p><b>Blaze</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.vii">7</a>, proclaim.</p> +<p><b>Blent</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xlii">42</a>, stained.</p> +<p><b>Blesse</b>, v, <a href="#v.vi">6</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xxii">22</a>, brandish; vii, <a href="#vii.xii">12</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxviii">28</a>, protect, deliver; pp. <b>blest</b>.</p> +<p><b>Blubbred</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.ix">9</a>, disfigured or swollen with weeping.</p> +<p><b>Blunt</b>, x, <a href="#x.xlvii">47</a>, dim (of eyesight).</p> +<p><b>Bond</b>, i, <a href="#i.iii">3</a>, bound.</p> +<p><b>Booteth</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xx">20</a>, <a href="#iii.xl">40</a>, profits, avails.</p> +<p><b>Bootlesse</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxiii">33</a>, without avail.</p> +<p><b>Bost</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxiv">24</a>, vain glory.</p> +<p><b>Boughtes</b>, i, <a href="#i.xv">15</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xi">11</a>, folds, coils.</p> +<p><b>Bound</b>, x, <a href="#x.lxvii">67</a>, lead.</p> +<p><b>Bouzingcan</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxii">22</a>, drinking vessel.</p> +<p><b>Bowrs</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xli">41</a>, muscles.</p> +<p><b>Bras</b>, x, <a href="#x.xl">40</a>, money, cf. Lat. <i>aes</i>.</p> +<p><b>Brast</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxi">31</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.iv">4</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxi">21</a>, burst.</p> +<p><b>Brave</b>, x, <a href="#x.xlii">42</a>, fair, beautiful.</p> +<p><b>Brawned</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xli">41</a>; brawny, muscular.</p> +<p><b>Breares</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxxv">35</a>, briars.</p> +<p><b>Brent</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.x">10</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxviii">28</a>, burnt.</p> +<p><b>Brode</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xvi">16</a>, abroad.</p> +<p><b>Brond</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiii">33</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xxi">21</a>, firebrand.</p> +<p><b>Buffe</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xvii">17</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxiv">24</a>, blow.</p> +<p><b>Bugle</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.iii">3</a>, wild ox.</p> +<p><b>Buxome</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxvii">37</a>, pliant, yielding.</p> +<p><b>Bylive</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.iv">4</a>, quickly.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>C</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Call</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xlvi">46</a>, cap, headdress.</p> +<p><b>Can</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xlvi">46</a>, an auxiliary verb with preterite meaning; ix, <a href="#ix.v">5</a>, <b>can</b>=<b>gan</b>, began (Halliwell).</p> +<p><b>Canon</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxvii">37</a>, a smooth, round bit (for horses).</p> +<p><b>Carefull</b>, v, <a href="#v.lii">52</a>, etc., full of care, anxious, sorrowful.</p> +<p><b>Careless</b>, i, <a href="#i.xli">41</a>; ii, <a href="#ii.xlv">45</a>, free from care.</p> +<p><b>Carke</b>, i, <a href="#i.xliv">44</a>, care, sorrow, anxiety.</p> +<p><b>Carle</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.liv">54</a>, churl.</p> +<p><b>Cast</b>, x, <a href="#x.ii">2</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxviii">28</a>, resolve, plan.</p> +<p><b>Caytive</b>, v, <a href="#v.xlv">45</a>, captive; v, <a href="#v.xi">11</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xxxii">32</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xi">11</a>, base, mean.</p> +<p><b>Chaufe</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxi">21</a>, chafe, warm by rubbing; iii, <a href="#iii.xxxiii">33</a>, <a href="#iii.xliii">43</a>, vex, heat.</p> +<p><b>Chaw</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxx">30</a>, jaw.</p> +<p><b>Chear</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxvii">27</a>, <a href="#ii.xlii">42</a>, face.</p> +<p><b>Chearen</b>, x, <a href="#x.ii">2</a>, regain cheerfulness, refresh (himself).</p> +<p><b>Cleare</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxviii">28</a>, clean.</p> +<p><b>Cleene</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.iv">4</a>, clear, pure, bright.</p> +<p><b>Compare</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxviii">28</a>, collect.</p> +<p><b>Compel</b>, i, <a href="#i.v">5</a>, call to aid.</p> +<p><b>Conceit</b>, conception or design.</p> +<p><b>Constraint</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.viii">8</a>, anguish; vii, <a href="#vii.xxxiv">34</a>, binding charms.</p> +<p><b>Corage</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxxv">35</a>, heart.</p> +<p><b>Corse</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xlii">42</a>; iv, <a href="#iv.xxii">22</a>, etc., body.</p> +<p><b>Couch</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xv">15</a>, lay (a lance in rest), level, adjust; <b>couched</b> xi, <a href="#xi.ix">9</a>, laid in place (of armor plates).</p> +<p><b>Couched</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxi">31</a>, lying down with head up, ready to spring.</p> +<p><b>Counterfesaunce</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xlvii">49</a>, fraud, imposture.</p> +<p><b>Court</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxviii">38</a>, courteous attention.</p> +<p><b>Crime</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxviii">28</a>, sin; xi, <a href="#xi.xlvi">46</a>, cause.</p> +<p><b>Cruddy</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxix">29</a>, clotted.</p> +<p><b>Crudled</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.vi">6</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.lii">52</a>, curdled, congealed (with cold).</p> +<p><b>Cure</b>, v, <a href="#v.xliv">44</a>, charge.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>D</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Daint</b>, x, <a href="#x.ii">2</a>, dainty, delicate.</p> +<p><b>Dalliaunce</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xiv">14</a>, trifling, light talk.</p> +<p><b>Dame</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xx">20</a>, wife.</p> +<p><b>Damnify</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.lii">52</a>, injure.</p> +<p><b>Darrayne</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xl">40</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xi">11</a>, prepare (for battle).</p> +<p><b>Deare</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xlviii">48</a>, hurt, injury.</p> +<p><b>Deaw-burning</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxv">35</a>, bright with dew.</p> +<p><b>Debonaire</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxiii">23</a>, gracious, courteous.</p> +<p><b>Defeasaunce</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xii">12</a>, defeat.</p> +<p><b>Defray</b>, v, <a href="#v.xlii">42</a>, appease.</p> +<p><b>Deitye</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxi">21</a>, immortality.</p> +<p><b>Derth</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxvii">27</a>, dearness, high value.</p> +<p><b>Deryn'd</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.ii">2</a>, diverted, drawn away.</p> +<p><b>Despight</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.vi">6</a>, resentment; iv, <a href="#iv.xxxv">35</a>, <a href="#iv.xli">41</a>, etc., malice, spite, contempt; vii, <a href="#vii.xlix">49</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xvii">17</a>, injury.</p> +<p><b>Despoile</b>, x, <a href="#x.xvii">17</a>, strip.</p> +<p><b>Devise</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xvii">17</a>, plan.</p> +<p><b>Diamond</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xix">19</a>, adamant, steel.</p> +<p><b>Dight</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.viii">8</a>; iv, <a href="#iv.xiv">14</a>, etc., arrange, dress, adorn.</p> +<p><b>Disaventrous</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xlviii">48</a>, ix, <a href="#ix.xi">11</a>, unfortunate.</p> +<p><b>Discipline</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxi">31</a>, teaching.</p> +<p><b>Discolourd</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxii">32</a>, variegated.</p> +<p><b>Discourse</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xiv">14</a>, description; xii, <a href="#xii.xv">15</a>, to narrate.</p> +<p><b>Disease</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxviii">38</a>, render uneasy.</p> +<p><b>Dishonesty</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxiii">23</a>, unchastity.</p> +<p><b>Dispence</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxx">30</a>, pay for.</p> +<p><b>Dispiteous</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xv">15</a>, cruel.</p> +<p><b>Disple</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxvii">27</a>, discipline.</p> +<p><b>Disseized</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xx">20</a>, dispossessed.</p> +<p><b>Dissolute</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.li">51</a>, weak, unstrung.</p> +<p><b>Distayned</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxiii">23</a>, defiled.</p> +<p><b>Dites</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xviii">18</a>, raises (a club).</p> +<p><b>Diverse</b>, i, <a href="#i.xliv">44</a>, distracting.</p> +<p><b>Divide</b>, v, <a href="#v.xvii">17</a>, play (variations).</p> +<p><b>Documents</b>, x, <a href="#x.xix">19</a>, doctrines.</p> +<p><b>Donne</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxxiii">33</a>, to do.</p> +<p><b>Doom</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxviii">38</a>, judgment.</p> +<p><b>Doted</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxiv">34</a>, foolish.</p> +<p><b>Doubt</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.i">1</a>, fear.</p> +<p><b>Doughty</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.lii">52</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.vi">6</a>, strong, brave.</p> +<p><b>Dragonets</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.x">10</a>, little dragons.</p> +<p><b>Dreed</b>, or <b>dred</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.iv">4</a>; vi, <a href="#vi.ii">2</a>, object of reverence.</p> +<p><b>Drere</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xl">40</a>, sorrow.</p> +<p><b>Drery</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxx">30</a>, gloomy; vi, <a href="#vi.xlv">45</a>, dripping with blood.</p> +<p><b>Dreriment</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xliv">44</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxxii">32</a>, sorrow, gloom.</p> +<p><b>Drest</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.liv">54</a>, prepared, arranged.</p> +<p><b>Drift</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxii">22</a>, impetus.</p> +<p><b>Droome</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xli">41</a>, drum.</p> +<p><b>Drousy-hed</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.vii">7</a>, drowsiness.</p> +<p><b>Dry-dropsie</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxiii">23</a> (meaning doubtful).</p> +<p class="i2">(1) Dropsy causing thirst (Warton).</p> +<p class="i2">(2) A misprint for <i>dire dropsie</i> (Upton).</p> +<p class="i2">(3) A misprint for <i>hydropsie</i> (Collier).</p> +<p><b>Dye</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxxvi">36</a>, chance, fortune (lit. a small cube used for gaming).</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>E</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Earne</b>, i, <a href="#i.iii">3</a>; vi, <a href="#vi.xxv">25</a>; ix, 18, yearn, long for.</p> +<p><b>Edifyde</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxiv">34</a>, built.</p> +<p><b>Eeke</b>, v, <a href="#v.xlii">42</a>, increase.</p> +<p><b>Eft</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxv">25</a>, again.</p> +<p><b>Eftsoones</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxiv">24</a>, etc., forthwith.</p> +<p><b>Eke</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxi">21</a>, also.</p> +<p><b>Eld</b>, x, <a href="#x.viii">8</a>, old age.</p> +<p><b>Embalme</b>, v, <a href="#v.xvii">17</a>, anoint, pour balm into.</p> +<p><b>Embaye</b>, ix, 13; x, <a href="#x.xxvii">27</a>, bathe.</p> +<p><b>Embost</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxiv">24</a>, encased; ix, <a href="#ix.xxix">29</a>, fatigued.</p> +<p><b>Embosse</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xx">20</a>, plunge.</p> +<p><b>Embowed</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xix">19</a>, rounded.</p> +<p><b>Emboyled</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxviii">28</a>, agitated, troubled.</p> +<p><b>Embrew</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxvi">36</a>, imbrue, drench.</p> +<p><b>Empassioned</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.ii">2</a>, moved to pity.</p> +<p><b>Empeach</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxiv">34</a>, hinder.</p> +<p><b>Emperse</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.liii">53</a>, pierce.</p> +<p><b>Emprize</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.i">1</a>, undertaking, adventure.</p> +<p><b>Enchace</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxiii">23</a>, set off in fitting terms.</p> +<p><b>Endew</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.li">51</a>, endow.</p> +<p><b>Enfouldred</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xl">40</a>, shot forth (like a thunderbolt).</p> +<p><b>Engrave</b>, x, <a href="#x.xlii">42</a>, bury, entomb.</p> +<p><b>Enhaunst</b>, i, <a href="#i.xvii">17</a>; v, <a href="#v.xlvii">47</a>, raised.</p> +<p><b>Enlargen</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxvii">37</a>, deliver.</p> +<p><b>Ensample</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xii">12</a>, witness.</p> +<p><b>Ensue</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>, pursue; ix, <a href="#ix.xliv">44</a>, persecute.</p> +<p><b>Entirely</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxii">32</a>, with all the heart.</p> +<p><b>Entraile</b>, i, <a href="#i.xvi">16</a>, fold, twist.</p> +<p><b>Envie</b>, ill will, hatred.</p> +<p><b>Equall</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxvi">26</a>, side by side.</p> +<p><b>Errant</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxviii">38</a>; x, <a href="#x.x">10</a>, wandering (in quest of adventure).</p> +<p><b>Esloyne</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xx">20</a>, retire.</p> +<p><b>Essoyne</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xx">20</a>, excuse, exemption.</p> +<p><b>Eugh</b>, i, <a href="#i.ix">9</a>, yew.</p> +<p><b>Ewghen</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xix">19</a>, made of yew.</p> +<p><b>Excheat</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxv">25</a>, gain; lit. property forfeited to the lord of a fief.</p> +<p><b>Extirpe</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxv">25</a>, uproot.</p> +<p><b>Eyas</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxiv">34</a>, young untrained hawk, unfledged falcon.</p> +<p><b>Eyne</b>, <b>eien</b>, <b>eyen</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxvii">27</a>, etc., eyes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>F</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Fact</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxxvii">37</a>, feat, evil deed.</p> +<p><b>Fall</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.ii">2</a>, befall.</p> +<p><b>Fare</b>, i, <a href="#i.xi">11</a>, etc., go, travel.</p> +<p><b>Fatal</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.vii">7</a>, ordained by fate.</p> +<p><b>Fattie</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxi">21</a>, fertilizing.</p> +<p><b>Fayne</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.x">10</a>, gladly; vi, <a href="#vi.xii">12</a>, glad.</p> +<p><b>Faytor</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xlvii">47</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xxxv">35</a>, deceiver, villain, sham.</p> +<p><b>Fearefull</b>, i, <a href="#i.xiii">13</a>, alarmed.</p> +<p><b>Feature</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xlvii">49</a>, form.</p> +<p><b>Fee</b>, x, <a href="#x.xliii">43</a>, payment.</p> +<p><b>Felly</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxiv">34</a>, fiercely.</p> +<p><b>Fere</b>, x, <a href="#x.iv">4</a>, husband; lit. companion.</p> +<p><b>Fillet</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.iv">4</a>, snood.</p> +<p><b>Fit</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xviii">18</a>, death agony; iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>, struggle, passion; xi, <a href="#xi.vii">7</a>, musical strain.</p> +<p><b>Flaggy</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.x">10</a>, yielding, hanging loose.</p> +<p><b>Flit</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.v">5</a>, crumble away.</p> +<p><b>Foile</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.iv">4</a>, leaf of metal.</p> +<p><b>Foltring</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxiv">24</a>, stammering.</p> +<p><b>Fond</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxix">39</a>, foolish.</p> +<p><b>Fone</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxiii">23</a>, foes.</p> +<p><b>Food</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.ix">9</a>, feud.</p> +<p><b>Foolhappie</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.i">1</a>, happy as a fool, "fortunate rather than provident" (Nares).</p> +<p><b>Fordonne</b>, v, <a href="#v.xli">41</a>; etc., undone, ruined, wounded to death.</p> +<p><b>Foreby</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxix">39</a>, near.</p> +<p><b>Forespent</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xliii">43</a>, wasted, squandered.</p> +<p><b>Foretaught</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xviii">18</a>, either </p> +<p class="i2">(1) untaught, mistaught, or </p> +<p class="i2">(2) taught before, hence, perhaps, despised (Warren).</p> +<p><b>Forlore</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxix">29</a>; x, <a href="#x.xxi">21</a>, forlorn, forsaken.</p> +<p><b>Forray</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.iii">3</a>, ravage, prey upon.</p> +<p><b>Forsake</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxiv">24</a>, avoid.</p> +<p><b>Forwandring</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxiv">34</a>, weary with wandering, or utterly astray.</p> +<p><b>Forwarned</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xviii">18</a>, warded off.</p> +<p><b>Forwasted</b>, i, <a href="#i.v">5</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.i">1</a>, ravaged, utterly wasted.</p> +<p><b>Forwearied</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxii">32</a>, etc., tterly weary.</p> +<p><b>Forworne</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxv">35</a>, much worn.</p> +<p><b>Fraight</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxv">35</a>, fraught, freighted.</p> +<p><b>Frame</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxx">30</a>, support, steady.</p> +<p><b>Francklin</b>, x, <a href="#x.vi">6</a>, freeman, freeholder.</p> +<p><b>Fray</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxviii">38</a>, to frighten; ii, <a href="#ii.xiv">14</a>, an affray.</p> +<p><b>Freak</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.i">1</a>; iv, <a href="#iv.l">50</a>, whim, caprice.</p> +<p><b>Frounce</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xiv">14</a>, curl, plait, friz (the hair).</p> +<p><b>Fruitfull-headed</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xx">20</a>, many-headed.</p> +<p><b>Fry</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.vii">7</a>, crowd, swarm.</p> +<p><b>Funerall</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xx">20</a>, death.</p> +<p><b>Fyne</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxi">21</a>, thin; v, <a href="#v.xxviii">28</a>, fine.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>G</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Gage</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xli">41</a>, pledge, the thing contended for.</p> +<p><b>Game</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.viii">8</a>, sport.</p> +<p><b>Gan</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.ii">2</a>, began, often used as auxiliary verb, "did." </p> +<p><b>Gate</b>, i, <a href="#i.xiii">13</a>, way; viii, <a href="#viii.xii">12</a>, manner.</p> +<p><b>Geaunt</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xii">12</a>, giant.</p> +<p><b>Gent</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.vi">6</a>, <a href="#ix.xxvii">27</a>, gentle, gracious, fair.</p> +<p><b>German</b>, v, <a href="#v.x">10</a>, <a href="#v.xiii">13</a>, brother.</p> +<p><b>Gest</b>, x, <a href="#x.xv">15</a>, adventure, exploit.</p> +<p><b>Ghost</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xix">19</a>, spirit.</p> +<p><b>Gin</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxv">35</a>, engine, instrument (of torture).</p> +<p><b>Gins</b>, see <b>gan</b>.</p> +<p><b>Girlond</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxx">30</a>, garland.</p> +<p><b>Giust</b>, i, <a href="#i.i">1</a>, tilt, joust.</p> +<p><b>Glitterand</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xvi">16</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xxix">29</a>, glittering.</p> +<p><b>Gnarre</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxiv">34</a>, gnarl, snarl, growl.</p> +<p><b>Gobbet</b>, i, <a href="#i.xx">20</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xiii">13</a>, lump, piece.</p> +<p><b>Gorge</b>, i, <a href="#i.xix">19</a>, etc., throat.</p> +<p><b>Gossip</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xi">11</a>, neighbor, crony.</p> +<p><b>Government</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.x">10</a>, self-control.</p> +<p><b>Graile</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.vi">6</a>, gravel.</p> +<p><b>Graine</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.i">1</a>, dye, fast color.</p> +<p><b>Gree</b>, v, <a href="#v.xvi">16</a>, favor, good will, satisfaction.</p> +<p><b>Greedy</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxix">29</a>, eager.</p> +<p><b>Gren</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xi">11</a>, grin.</p> +<p><b>Griesie</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxv">35</a>, horrible.</p> +<p><b>Griesly</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxi">21</a>, grisly, hideous.</p> +<p><b>Griple</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxi">31</a>, greedy, grasping.</p> +<p><b>Groome</b>, servant.</p> +<p><b>Grosse</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xx">20</a>, fast, heavy.</p> +<p><b>Grudging</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xix">19</a>, groaning.</p> +<p><b>Gryfon</b>, v, <a href="#v.viii">8</a>, griffin (a fabulous animal half lion, half eagle).</p> +<p><b>Guerdon</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xl">40</a>, reward.</p> +<p><b>Guise</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxv">25</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xiv">14</a>, guize, mode (of life).</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>H</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Hable</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xix">19</a>, able, skillful.</p> +<p><b>Hagard</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xix">19</a>, wild, untrained.</p> +<p><b>Hanging</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xvi">16</a>, doubtful.</p> +<p><b>Hardiment</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.ii">2</a>; i, <a href="#i.xiv">14</a>, boldness.</p> +<p><b>Harrow</b>, x, <a href="#x.xl">40</a>, despoil.</p> +<p><b>Haught</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxix">29</a>, haughty.</p> +<p><b>Heare</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxiii">23</a>, pass for being so unlucky, in such evil case (Kitchin).</p> +<p><b>Heast</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xviii">18</a>, command.</p> +<p><b>Heben</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.iii">3</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xxxvii">37</a>, of ebony wood.</p> +<p><b>Heft</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxix">39</a>, raised on high.</p> +<p><b>Henge</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxi">21</a>, orbit; lit, hinge.</p> +<p><b>Hew</b>, i, <a href="#i.xlvi">46</a>, etc., form, countenance; iii, <a href="#iii.xi">11</a>, color.</p> +<p><b>Hight</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xiv">14</a>; x, <a href="#x.lv">55</a>, called, was called; intrusted.</p> +<p><b>Hond, out of</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.iii">3</a>, at once.</p> +<p><b>Horrid</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxv">25</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xxxi">31</a>, rough, bristling.</p> +<p><b>Hot</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxix">29</a>, was called; see <b>hight</b>.</p> +<p><b>Housling</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxvii">37</a>, sacramental.</p> +<p><b>Hove</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxxvii">37</a>, rose, stood on end.</p> +<p><b>Humour</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxvi">36</a>, moisture.</p> +<p><b>Hurtle</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xvi">16</a>, <a href="#iv.xl">40</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xvii">17</a>, rush, clash together.</p> +<p><b>Hurtlesse</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxi">31</a>, harmless, gentle.</p> +<p><b>Husher</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xiii">13</a>, usher.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>I</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Imbrew</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xlvii">47</a>, imbrue, drench.</p> +<p><b>Impe</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.iii">3</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.vi">6</a>, etc., child, scion.</p> +<p><b>Impeach</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxiv">34</a>, hinder.</p> +<p><b>Imperceable</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xvii">17</a>, that cannot be pierced.</p> +<p><b>Imply</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.vi">6</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxiii">23</a>, infold.</p> +<p><b>Importune</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.liii">53</a>, violent.</p> +<p><b>Improvided</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxiv">34</a>, unforeseen.</p> +<p><b>In</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxiii">33</a>, inn, lodging.</p> +<p><b>Incontinent</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xix">19</a>, at once.</p> +<p><b>Infected</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxv">25</a>, ingrained.</p> +<p><b>Infest</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.vi">6</a>, make fierce or hostile.</p> +<p><b>Influence</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xlii">42</a>, power of the stars.</p> +<p><b>Intended</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxviii">38</a>, armed, stretched out.</p> +<p><b>Intendiment</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxi">31</a>, attention.</p> +<p><b>Intent</b>, i, <a href="#i.xliii">43</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxvii">27</a>, aim, purpose.</p> +<p><b>Invent</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xv">15</a>, discover.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>J</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Jealous</b>, suspicious.</p> +<p><b>Jolly</b>, i, <a href="#i.i">1</a>; ii, <a href="#ii.xi">11</a>, fine, handsome.</p> +<p><b>Jott</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxvi">26</a>, speck, small piece.</p> +<p><b>Journall</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxi">31</a>, daily.</p> +<p><b>Joy</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xvii">17</a>, to be cheerful.</p> +<p><b>Joyaunce</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxvii">37</a>, gladness, merriment.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>K</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Keepe</b>, i, <a href="#i.xl">40</a>, heed, care.</p> +<p><b>Keeping</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.ii">2</a>, care, guard.</p> +<p><b>Kend</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.i">1</a>, known.</p> +<p><b>Kest</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxi">31</a>, cast.</p> +<p><b>Kindly</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxviii">28</a>, etc., natural, according to nature.</p> +<p><b>Kirtle</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxi">31</a>, coat, tunic.</p> +<p><b>Knee</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxiv">34</a>, projection (of rocks).</p> +<p><b>Knife</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxviii">38</a>, sword.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>L</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Lad</b>, i, <a href="#i.iv">4</a>, led.</p> +<p><b>Launch</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xlii">42</a>; iv, <a href="#iv.xlvi">46</a>, pierce.</p> +<p><b>Lay-stall</b>, v, <a href="#v.liii">53</a>, rubbish heap, dunghill.</p> +<p><b>Lazar</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.iii">3</a>, leper.</p> +<p><b>Leach</b>, v, <a href="#v.xvii">17</a>, <a href="#v.xliv">44</a>; x, <a href="#x.xxiii">23</a>, surgeon, physician.</p> +<p><b>Learne</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxv">25</a>, teach.</p> +<p><b>Leasing</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xlviii">48</a>, falsehood, lying.</p> +<p><b>Leke</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxv">35</a>, leaky.</p> +<p><b>Leman</b>, i, <a href="#i.vi">6</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xiv">14</a>, lover, sweetheart, mistress.</p> +<p><b>Let</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xiii">13</a>, hindrance.</p> +<p><b>Lever</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxii">32</a>, rather.</p> +<p><b>Libbard</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxv">25</a>, leopard.</p> +<p><b>Liefe</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxviii">28</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xvii">17</a>, dear one, darling.</p> +<p><b>Lilled</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxiv">34</a>, lolled.</p> +<p><b>Lin</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxiv">24</a>; v, <a href="#v.xxxv">35</a>, cease.</p> +<p><b>List</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxii">22</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xxxv">35</a>; x, <a href="#x.xx">20</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.x">10</a>, desired, pleased.</p> +<p><b>Lively</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxiv">24</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xx">20</a>, living.</p> +<p><b>Loft</b>, i, <a href="#i.xli">41</a>, (doubtful) air, sky, or roof.</p> +<p><b>Long</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xlviii">48</a>, belong.</p> +<p><b>Lore</b>, i, <a href="#i.v">5</a>, knowledge.</p> +<p><b>Lorne</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.ii">2</a>, lost.</p> +<p><b>Loute</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxx">30</a>; x, <a href="#x.xliv">44</a>, bow, stoop.</p> +<p><b>Lowre</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxii">22</a>, frown, darken.</p> +<p><b>Lumpish</b>, i, <a href="#i.xliii">43</a>, dull, heavy.</p> +<p><b>Lustlesse</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xx">20</a>, feeble, listless.</p> +<p><b>Lynd</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.x">10</a>, lined.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>M</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Mace</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xliv">44</a>, club.</p> +<p><b>Make</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.vii">7</a>, <a href="#vii.xv">15</a>, mate, companion.</p> +<p><b>Mall</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.li">51</a>, wooden hammer, or club.</p> +<p><b>Many</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.ix">9</a>, troop, crowd.</p> +<p><b>Mart</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.iii">3</a>, mass.</p> +<p><b>Mated</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xii">12</a>, overcome, confounded.</p> +<p><b>Maw</b>, i, <a href="#i.xx">20</a>, stomach.</p> +<p><b>Maynly</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xii">12</a>, violently.</p> +<p><b>Mell</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxx">30</a>, meddle.</p> +<p><b>Menage</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxvii">37</a>, manage.</p> +<p><b>Ment</b>, i, <a href="#i.v">5</a>, joined, mingled.</p> +<p><b>Mew</b>, v, <a href="#v.xx">20</a>, prison, lit. cage for hawks.</p> +<p><b>Mirksome</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxviii">28</a>, dark, murky.</p> +<p><b>Miscreant</b>, v, <a href="#v.xiii">13</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xlix">49</a>, infidel, vile fellow.</p> +<p><b>Misdeeming</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.iii">3</a>, misleading; iv, <a href="#iv.ii">2</a>, misjudging.</p> +<p><b>Misfeigning</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xl">40</a>, pretending wrongfully.</p> +<p><b>Misformed</b>, i, <a href="#i.lv">55</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xvi">16</a>, ill formed, or formed for evil.</p> +<p><b>Misseeming</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxiii">23</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xlii">42</a>, unseemly; vii, <a href="#vii.l">50</a>, deceit.</p> +<p><b>Mister</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxiii">23</a>, sort of, manner of.</p> +<p><b>Misweening</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.i">1</a>, wrong thinking, wrong belief.</p> +<p><b>Moe</b>, <b>mo</b>, v, <a href="#v.l">50</a>, etc., more.</p> +<p><b>Mortality</b>, x, <a href="#x.i">1</a>, state of being mortal.</p> +<p><b>Mortall</b>, i, <a href="#i.xv">15</a>, deadly.</p> +<p><b>Mote</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxix">29</a>, etc., may, might.</p> +<p><b>Mought</b>, i, <a href="#i.xlii">42</a>, might.</p> +<p><b>Muchell</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xlvi">46</a>; vi, <a href="#vi.xx">20</a>, much, great.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>N</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Nathemore</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xiii">13</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxv">25</a>, none the more.</p> +<p><b>Nephewes</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxii">22</a>, grandchildren, descendants.</p> +<p><b>Ni'll</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xv">15</a>, will not.</p> +<p><b>Nosethrill</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxii">22</a>, nostril.</p> +<p><b>Note</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xvii">17</a>, know not.</p> +<p><b>N'ould</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xvii">17</a>, would not.</p> +<p><b>Noyance</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxiii">23</a>, annoyance.</p> +<p><b>Noye</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxiv">24</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xlv">45</a>, hurt, harm.</p> +<p><b>Noyes</b>, Noyce, vi, <a href="#vi.viii">8</a>, noise.</p> +<p><b>Noyous</b>, v, <a href="#v.xlv">45</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.l">50</a>, harmful, unpleasant.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>O</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Offend</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.i">1</a>, injure.</p> +<p><b>Offspring</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxx">30</a>, ancestors.</p> +<p><b>Origane</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xl">40</a>, wild marjoram.</p> +<p><b>Ought</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxix">39</a>, owned, possessed.</p> +<p><b>Outrage</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xl">40</a>, insult, abuse.</p> +<p><b>Overcraw</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.l">50</a>, insult, crow over.</p> +<p><b>Oversight</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.i">1</a>, want of prudence.</p> +<p><b>Owch</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xiii">13</a>; x, <a href="#x.xxxi">31</a>, jewel or socket in which a jewel was set.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>P</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Paine</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxiv">34</a>, labor, treacherous skill; ii, <a href="#ii.xxxix">39</a>, effort; iv, <a href="#iv.xv">15</a>, take pains.</p> +<p><b>Paire</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xli">41</a>, impair, injure.</p> +<p><b>Paled</b>, v, <a href="#v.v">5</a>, fenced off, inclosed with a <i>pale</i>.</p> +<p><b>Palfrey</b>, i, <a href="#i.iv">4</a>; iii, <a href="#iii.xl">40</a>, a lady's saddle horse, here Una's ass.</p> +<p><b>Paramour</b>, i, <a href="#i.ix">9</a>, lover (not in a bad sense).</p> +<p><b>Parbreake</b>, i, <a href="#i.xx">20</a>, vomit.</p> +<p><b>Pardale</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxvi">26</a>, leopard.</p> +<p><b>Parted</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxii">22</a>, departed.</p> +<p><b>Pas</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xi">11</a>, surpass; xi, <a href="#xi.xv">15</a>, step, pace.</p> +<p><b>Passing</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxiv">24</a>, surpassing.</p> +<p><b>Passion</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxvi">26</a>, <a href="#ii.xxxii">32</a>, deep feeling, lit. suffering.</p> +<p><b>Passionate</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xvi">16</a>, express feelingly.</p> +<p><b>Payne</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxi">21</a>, pains, labor.</p> +<p><b>Paynim</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xli">41</a>; vi, <a href="#vi.xxxviii">38</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.vii">7</a>, pagan, heathen.</p> +<p><b>Peece</b>, x, <a href="#x.lix">59</a>, something constructed (Cleopolis).</p> +<p><b>Penne</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.x">10</a>, feather, quill.</p> +<p><b>Perceable</b>, i, <a href="#i.vii">7</a>, that can be pierced.</p> +<p><b>Perdie</b>, <b>perdy</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xlii">42</a>, French <b>par Dieu</b>, a common oath.</p> +<p><b>Pere</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.vii">7</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xvii">17</a>, noble, prince.</p> +<p><b>Persaunt</b>, x, <a href="#x.xlvii">47</a>, piercing.</p> +<p><b>Pight</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xlii">42</a>, etc., pitched, fixed, placed.</p> +<p><b>Pine</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxv">35</a>, wasting away; viii, <a href="#viii.xl">40</a>, <b>pined</b>, wasted away through torment.</p> +<p><b>Plate</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xliii">43</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.ii">2</a>, solid armor, as distinguished from the coat of mail, or light chain armor.</p> +<p><b>Pleasaunce</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxx">30</a>, courtesies; iv, <a href="#iv.xxxviii">38</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.iv">4</a>, delight, conversational pleasure.</p> +<p><b>Point</b>, (1) ix, <a href="#ix.xli">41</a>, appoint;</p> +<p class="i2">(2) ii, <a href="#ii.xii">12</a>, not a whit;</p> +<p class="i2">(3) i, <a href="#i.xvi">16</a>; ii, <a href="#ii.xii">12</a>, (armed) at all points.</p> +<p><b>Pollicie</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xii">12</a>, statecraft, cunning.</p> +<p><b>Portesse</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xix">19</a>, breviary, small prayer-book.</p> +<p><b>Posterne</b>, v, <a href="#v.lii">52</a>, small private gate behind.</p> +<p><b>Pouldred</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xii">12</a>, powdered.</p> +<p><b>Pounces</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xix">19</a>, a hawk's claws.</p> +<p><b>Poynant</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xix">19</a>, sharp, piercing.</p> +<p><b>Poyse</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.liv">54</a>, weight, force.</p> +<p><b>Practicke</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxiv">34</a>, deceitful.</p> +<p><b>Prancke</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xiv">14</a>, display gaudily.</p> +<p><b>Praunce</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xi">11</a>, strut proudly.</p> +<p><b>Pray</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxx">30</a>, ravage.</p> +<p><b>Preace</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.iii">3</a>, crowd, throng.</p> +<p><b>Presently</b>, immediately.</p> +<p><b>Price</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxvii">37</a>, pay the price of, atone for.</p> +<p><b>Pricking</b>, i, <a href="#i.i">1</a>; iii, <a href="#iii.xxxiii">33</a>, riding, usually rapidly, <i>i.e.</i> spurring.</p> +<p><b>Priefe</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xliii">43</a>, trial; ix, <a href="#ix.xvii">17</a>, proof; x, <a href="#x.xxiv">24</a>, proved excellence.</p> +<p><b>Prime</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xl">40</a>; etc., springtime.</p> +<p><b>Privity</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.v">5</a>, privacy.</p> +<p><b>Prowesse</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xlii">42</a>, bravery.</p> +<p><b>Prowest</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xli">41</a>; v, <a href="#v.xiv">14</a>, bravest.</p> +<p><b>Puissance</b>, i, <a href="#i.iii">3</a>, etc., power.</p> +<p><b>Purchas</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xvi">16</a>, lit. acquisition, cant term for theft, or robbery (Nares).</p> +<p><b>Purfled</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xiii">13</a>, embroidered on the edge.</p> +<p><b>Purposes</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxx">30</a>, conversation.</p> +<p><b>Purveyance</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xiii">13</a>, provision.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>Q</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Quaile</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xlix">49</a>, subdue, overpower.</p> +<p><b>Quayd</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xiv">14</a>, subdued.</p> +<p><b>Quell</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxiv">24</a>, disconcert, daunt.</p> +<p><b>Quight</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.x">10</a>, repay.</p> +<p><b>Quit</b>, <b>quitt</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.vi">6</a>, <a href="#vi.x">10</a>, to free.</p> +<p><b>Quite</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxvi">26</a>, <a href="#viii.xxvii">27</a>; x, <a href="#x.xxxvii">37</a>, repay, return.</p> +<p><b>Quited</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxx">30</a>, return a salute.</p> +<p><b>Quoth</b>, i, <a href="#i.xii">12</a>, etc., said.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>R</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Raft</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxiv">24</a>, struck away (from <b>reave</b>).</p> +<p><b>Ragged</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxiii">23</a>, rough, rugged.</p> +<p><b>Raile</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xliii">43</a>, flow.</p> +<p><b>Ramping</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.v">5</a>, etc., leaping, bounding, erect; <b>ramp</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxviii">28</a>.</p> +<p><b>Rapt</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.ix">9</a>, carried away.</p> +<p><b>Rare</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxxii">32</a>, thin-voiced.</p> +<p><b>Raskall</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxv">35</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.ix">9</a>, vulgar, base.</p> +<p><b>Raught</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xx">20</a>, etc., reached.</p> +<p><b>Ravine</b>, v, <a href="#v.viii">8</a>, prey.</p> +<p><b>Raw</b>, x, <a href="#x.ii">2</a>, unpracticed, out of training.</p> +<p><b>Read</b>, i, <a href="#i.xiii">13</a>; x, <a href="#x.xvii">17</a>, advise.</p> +<p><b>Reave</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxxvi">36</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xli">41</a>, snatch away, rob.</p> +<p><b>Recoyle</b>, x, <a href="#x.xvii">17</a>, retreat.</p> +<p><b>Recreaunt</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xli">41</a>, base, cowardly.</p> +<p><b>Recure</b>, v, <a href="#v.xliv">44</a>, etc., refresh.</p> +<p><b>Red</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xlvi">46</a>, etc., declared.</p> +<p><b>Redoubted</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xl">40</a>, terrible.</p> +<p><b>Redound</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxx">30</a>; iii, <a href="#iii.viii">8</a>, overflow.</p> +<p><b>Redresse</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxx">30</a>, restore, revive, reunite.</p> +<p><b>Reed</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxi">21</a>, notice, perceive.</p> +<p><b>Reele</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxv">35</a>, roll.</p> +<p><b>Reft</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxi">31</a>; x, <a href="#x.lxv">65</a>, snatched away.</p> +<p><b>Refte</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxix">39</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xxxix">39</a>, bereft.</p> +<p><b>Renverst</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xli">41</a>, turned upside down.</p> +<p><b>Repaire</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxx">30</a>, return home.</p> +<p><b>Repining</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xvii">17</a>, failing (Percival), angry (Upton).</p> +<p><b>Repriefe</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxix">29</a>, reproof.</p> +<p><b>Retrate</b>, i, <a href="#i.xiii">13</a>, retreat.</p> +<p><b>Reverse</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xlviii">48</a>, bring back.</p> +<p><b>Revoke</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxviii">28</a>, call back.</p> +<p><b>Ridde</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxvi">36</a>, remove, dispatch.</p> +<p><b>Rife</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxv">35</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.lii">52</a>, much, exceedingly.</p> +<p><b>Riotise</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xx">20</a>, riot.</p> +<p><b>Rode</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xlii">42</a>, anchorage, harbor.</p> +<p><b>Rove</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.iii">3</a>, shoot (an arrow with an elevation, not point blank).</p> +<p><b>Round</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.vii">7</a>, dance.</p> +<p><b>Rowel</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxvii">37</a>, ring of a bit.</p> +<p><b>Ruffin</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>, rough, disordered.</p> +<p><b>Rusty</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxxii">32</a>, rust-colored, bloodstained, filthy.</p> +<p><b>Ruth</b>, v, <a href="#v.ix">9</a>, pity, sorrow.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>S</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Sacred</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxv">35</a>, accursed—of ashes used impiously to receive the blood of the slain (Upton).</p> +<p><b>Sad</b>, i, <a href="#i.ii">2</a>; v, <a href="#v.xx">20</a>; x, <a href="#x.vii">7</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.v">5</a>, grave, mournful; iii, <a href="#iii.x">10</a>, firm, steady; i, <a href="#i.xxxvi">36</a>, heavy.</p> +<p><b>Sallow</b>, i, <a href="#i.ix">9</a>, a kind of willow.</p> +<p><b>Salvage</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.v">5</a>; vi, <a href="#vi.xi">11</a>, etc., wild, woodland (adj.).</p> +<p><b>Sam</b>, x, <a href="#x.lvii">57</a>, together, same.</p> +<p><b>Say</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxi">31</a>, serge cloth for cloaks (Halliwell).</p> +<p><b>Scath</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxv">35</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xxxiv">34</a>, hurt, mischief.</p> +<p><b>Scor'd</b>, i, <a href="#i.ii">2</a>, carved.</p> +<p><b>Scowre</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xx">20</a>, run fast.</p> +<p><b>Scryne</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.ii">2</a>, chest, or case for keeping books, etc.</p> +<p><b>Sead</b>, x, <a href="#x.li">51</a>, seed, posterity.</p> +<p><b>Sease</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxxviii">38</a>, fasten; <b>seised</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xvii">17</a>, gained, taken possession of.</p> +<p><b>Seel</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxiii">23</a>, lit. sew up the eyes (of hawks), deprive of sight.</p> +<p><b>Seely</b>, <b>silly</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.x">10</a>; i, <a href="#i.xxx">30</a>; ii, <a href="#ii.xxi">21</a>, simple, innocent.</p> +<p><b>Seemly</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxx">30</a>, polite.</p> +<p><b>Scene</b>, v, <a href="#v.xvi">16</a>, proved, tested.</p> +<p><b>Semblaunt</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xii">12</a>, appearance.</p> +<p><b>Sent</b>, i, <a href="#i.xliii">43</a>, perception, sense.</p> +<p><b>Shadow</b>, represent typically.</p> +<p><b>Shamefast</b>, x, <a href="#x.xv">15</a>, shy, modest.</p> +<p><b>Shaume</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xiii">13</a>, a wind musical instrument.</p> +<p><b>Shend</b>, i, <a href="#i.liii">53</a>, shame.</p> +<p><b>Shew</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.x">10</a>, sign, track.</p> +<p><b>Shroud</b>, i, <a href="#i.vi">6</a>, <a href="#i.viii">8</a>, shelter.</p> +<p><b>Single</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xii">12</a>, weak; viii, <a href="#viii.xii">12</a>, mere.</p> +<p><b>Sith</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxii">22</a>, etc., since; <b>sitheng</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.li">51</a>.</p> +<p><b>Sits</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxx">30</a>, becomes, suits.</p> +<p><b>Slight</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxx">30</a>, device; viii, <a href="#viii.xxiii">23</a>, skill.</p> +<p><b>Snubbe</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.vii">7</a>, knob, snag.</p> +<p><b>Solemnize</b>, x, <a href="#x.iv">4</a>, rite, solemnizing.</p> +<p><b>Sooth</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxix">29</a>, truth.</p> +<p><b>Souce</b>, v, <a href="#v.viii">8</a>, beat.</p> +<p><b>Soust</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xxxi">31</a>, drenched.</p> +<p><b>Sowne</b>, i, <a href="#i.xli">41</a>, sound.</p> +<p><b>Sperst</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxix">39</a>; iv, <a href="#iv.xlviii">48</a>, dispersed.</p> +<p><b>Spill</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xliii">43</a>, destroy.</p> +<p><b>Stadle</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xiv">14</a>, staff.</p> +<p><b>Stanneries</b>, stannaries, tin mines or tin works.</p> +<p><b>Starke</b>, i, <a href="#i.xliv">44</a>. stiff.</p> +<p><b>Sted</b>, <b>stedd</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xvii">17</a>, etc., place.</p> +<p><b>Sterne</b>, i, <a href="#i.xviii">18</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxviii">28</a>, tail.</p> +<p><b>Stew</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xliv">44</a>, warm place.</p> +<p><b>Stole</b>, i, <a href="#i.iv">4</a>, <a href="#i.xlv">45</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xxii">22</a>, long robe.</p> +<p><b>Stound</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xii">12</a>, stunned; vii, <a href="#vii.xxv">25</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xii">12</a>, <a href="#viii.xxv">25</a>, <a href="#viii.xxxviii">38</a>, moment.</p> +<p><b>Stowre</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.vii">7</a>, etc., distress, peril battle.</p> +<p><b>Stye</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxv">25</a>, ascend, rise up.</p> +<p><b>Subject</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xix">19</a>, lying beneath.</p> +<p><b>Sure</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xix">19</a>, secure.</p> +<p><b>Swarved</b>, x, <a href="#x.xiv">14</a>, swerved.</p> +<p><b>Swelt</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.vi">6</a>, burned.</p> +<p><b>Swinge</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxvi">26</a>, singe.</p> +<p><b>Swowne</b>, i, <a href="#i.xli">41</a>, heavy sleep; ix, <a href="#ix.lii">52</a>, swoon; <b>swound</b>, v, <a href="#v.xix">19</a>.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>T</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Table</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xlix">49</a>, picture.</p> +<p><b>Tackles</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xlii">42</a>, rigging.</p> +<p><b>Talaunts</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xli">41</a>, talons.</p> +<p><b>Teade</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxvii">37</a>, torch.</p> +<p><b>Teene</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxiv">34</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xviii">18</a>, grief, trouble, hurt.</p> +<p><b>Then</b>, x, <a href="#x.x">10</a>, than.</p> +<p><b>Thewes</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.iii">3</a>; x, <a href="#x.iv">4</a>, manners.</p> +<p><b>Tho</b>, i, <a href="#i.xviii">18</a>, etc., then.</p> +<p><b>Thorough</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxii">32</a>; x, <a href="#x.i">1</a>, through.</p> +<p><b>Thrall</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxii">22</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xliv">44</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.i">1</a>, subject; v, <a href="#v.xlv">45</a>, <a href="#v.li">51</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xxxii">32</a>, <a href="#viii.xxxvii">37</a>, prisoner; vi, <a href="#vi.vi">6</a>, one in distress.</p> +<p><b>Three-square</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xli">41</a>, triangular.</p> +<p><b>Thrill</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.xlii">42</a>; x, <a href="#x.xix">19</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xx">20</a>, pierce.</p> +<p><b>Thrist</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxviii">38</a>, thirst.</p> +<p><b>Throw</b>, x, <a href="#x.xli">41</a>, throe, pang.</p> +<p><b>Tide</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxix">29</a>, time (duration).</p> +<p><b>Timely</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxi">21</a>; iv, <a href="#iv.iv">4</a>, keeping time.</p> +<p><b>Tire</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxv">35</a>, train, rank, company; viii, <a href="#viii.xl">40</a>; x, <a href="#x.xxxi">31</a>, headdress, attire.</p> +<p><b>Told</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxvii">27</a>, counted.</p> +<p><b>Tort</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.iv">4</a>, wrong.</p> +<p><b>Touch</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.ii">2</a>, touchstone.</p> +<p><b>Toy</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxviii">28</a>, sport.</p> +<p><b>Trace</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xxxi">31</a>, walk.</p> +<p><b>Traine</b>, <b>trayne</b>, i, <a href="#i.xviii">18</a>; viii, <a href="#viii.xvii">17</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxxvii">37</a>, tail; iii, <a href="#iii.xxiv">24</a>; vi, <a href="#vi.iii">3</a>, etc., deceit, wiles.</p> +<p><b>Transmew</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxv">35</a>, transmute.</p> +<p><b>Treachour</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xli">41</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxxii">32</a>, traitor.</p> +<p><b>Treen</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxxix">39</a>; vii, <a href="#vii.xxvi">26</a>, tree-like, of trees.</p> +<p><b>Trenchand</b>, i, <a href="#i.xvii">17</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xxiv">24</a>, sharp, trenchant.</p> +<p><b>Trinall</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxxix">39</a>, threefold.</p> +<p><b>Truncked</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.x">10</a>, truncated, with the limbs cut off.</p> +<p><b>Trusse</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xix">19</a>, to secure a firm hold on.</p> +<p><b>Turnament</b>, v, <a href="#v.i">1</a>, tournament, combat of knights in the lists.</p> +<p><b>Tway</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxvii">27</a>, two, twain.</p> +<p><b>Twyfold</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxviii">28</a>, twofold.</p> +<p><b>Twyne</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xiv">14</a>, twist.</p> +<p><b>Tyne</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xv">15</a>, anxiety, pain.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>U</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Unacquainted</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxi">21</a>, unaccustomed.</p> +<p><b>Unbid</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.liv">54</a>, unprayed for.</p> +<p><b>Uncouth</b>, i, <a href="#i.xv">15</a>; xi, <a href="#xi.xx">20</a>, strange.</p> +<p><b>Undight</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.iv">4</a>, unfastened.</p> +<p><b>Uneath</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxviii">38</a>, etc., with difficulty.</p> +<p><b>Unkindly</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxvi">26</a>, unnatural.</p> +<p><b>Unlich</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxviii">28</a>, unlike.</p> +<p><b>Untill</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xli">41</a>, unto.</p> +<p><b>Unty</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xli">41</a>, loosen.</p> +<p><b>Unwary</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxv">25</a>, unexpected.</p> +<p><b>Unweeting</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xlv">45</a>, etc., unaware, not knowing.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>V</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Venery</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxii">22</a>, hunting.</p> +<p><b>Vere</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.i">1</a>, veer, change the direction of.</p> +<p><b>Vew</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxv">25</a>, aspect, appearance.</p> +<p><b>Vild</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xlvi">46</a>, vile.</p> +<p><b>Vine-prop</b>, i, <a href="#i.viii">8</a>, supporting the vine.</p> +<p><b>Visour</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.i">1</a>, visor, the part of the helmet which protected the eyes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>W</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Wade</b>, i, <a href="#i.xii">12</a>, walk, go, pass.</p> +<p><b>Wage</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxix">39</a>, reward, pledge.</p> +<p><b>Wanton</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xiii">13</a>, <a href="#ii.xiv">14</a>, wild, unrestrained.</p> +<p><b>Ware</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.i">1</a>, wary.</p> +<p><b>Warray</b>, v, <a href="#v.xlviii">48</a>, wage war against.</p> +<p><b>Wastfull</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxii">32</a>, etc., barren, wild.</p> +<p><b>Wastnes</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.iii">3</a>, desert, wilderness.</p> +<p><b>Wax</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>, grow.</p> +<p><b>Wayne</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.ix">9</a>, chariot.</p> +<p><b>Wayting</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxxvi">36</a>, watching.</p> +<p><b>Weare</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxi">31</a>, spend, pass.</p> +<p><b>Weedes</b>, Int. <a href="#Int.i">1</a>; ii, <a href="#ii.xxi">21</a>, clothes, x, <a href="#x.xxviii">28</a>, armor.</p> +<p><b>Weene</b>, i, <a href="#i.x">10</a>; iii, <a href="#iii.xli">41</a>, intend; x, <a href="#x.lviii">58</a>, think.</p> +<p><b>Weet</b>, iii, <a href="#iii.vi">6</a>, <a href="#iii.xi">11</a>, to know; <b>to weete</b>, iii, 17, etc., to wit.</p> +<p><b>Welke</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxiii">23</a>, fade, grow dim.</p> +<p><b>Welkin</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.ix">9</a>, sky.</p> +<p><b>Well</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xliii">43</a>, well-being, health; i, <a href="#i.xxvi">26</a>, etc., quite, very; vii, <a href="#vii.iv">4</a>, bubble up.</p> +<p><b>Wex</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.i">1</a>, grow; <b>woxen</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>.</p> +<p><b>Whally</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>, streaked (Warren).</p> +<p><b>Whenas</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xxxii">32</a>, etc., as soon as.</p> +<p><b>Whereas</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xl">40</a>, where.</p> +<p><b>Whot</b>, x, <a href="#x.xxvi">26</a>, hot.</p> +<p><b>Whyleare</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxviii">28</a>, erewhile.</p> +<p><b>Whylome</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xv">15</a>, etc., formerly.</p> +<p><b>Wight</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxiii">23</a>, <a href="#ix.xxxii">32</a>, person, creature.</p> +<p><b>Wimple</b>, xii, <a href="#xii.xxii">22</a>, veil, lit. covering for the neck;</p> +<p class="i2"><b>wimpled</b>, i, <a href="#i.iv">4</a>, folded, provided with a wimple.</p> +<p><b>Wist</b>, v, <a href="#v.xxvii">27</a> knew.</p> +<p><b>Wonne</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxix">39</a>, fought; <b>wonne</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxix">39</a>, dwell.</p> +<p><b>Wood</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxiv">34</a>; v, <a href="#v.xx">20</a>, mad, furious.</p> +<p><b>Worshippe</b>, i, <a href="#i.iii">3</a>, honor, respect.</p> +<p><b>Wot</b>, i, <a href="#i.xiii">13</a>; wote, ii, <a href="#ii.xviii">18</a>; ix, <a href="#ix.xxxi">31</a>, know.</p> +<p><b>Woxen</b>, see <b>wax</b>.</p> +<p><b>Wreakes</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xliii">43</a>; xii, <a href="#xii.xvi">16</a>, anger, acts of vengeance.</p> +<p><b>Wreck</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.xxi">21</a>, destruction, mischief.</p> +<p><b>Wrizled</b>, viii, <a href="#viii.xlvii">47</a>, wrinkled (Warren).</p> +<p><b>Wyde</b>, i, <a href="#i.xxxiv">34</a>, distant.</p> +</div> + +<div class="nofblk"> +<p class="i16"><b>Y</b></p> +</div><div class="nofblk"> + +<p><b>Yborne</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.x">10</a>, born.</p> +<p><b>Ycladd</b>, i, <a href="#i.i">1</a>; <b>yclad</b>, i, <a href="#i.vii">7</a>, <a href="#i.xxix">29</a>; ii, <a href="#ii.ii">2</a>; <b>ycled</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxxviii">38</a>, clad.</p> +<p><b>Ydle</b>, v, <a href="#v.viii">8</a>, airy, purposeless.</p> +<p><b>Ydrad</b>, i, <a href="#i.ii">2</a>, dreaded.</p> +<p><b>Yede</b>, xi, <a href="#xi.v">5</a>, go.</p> +<p><b>Yfere</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.i">1</a>, together.</p> +<p><b>Ygoe</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.xviii">18</a>, ago.</p> +<p><b>Ylike</b>, iv, <a href="#iv.xxvii">27</a>, alike.</p> +<p><b>Ymp</b>, see <b>impe</b>.</p> +<p><b>Yod</b>, see <b>yede</b>.</p> +<p><b>Younglings</b>, x, <a href="#x.lvii">57</a>, young of any animal.</p> +<p><b>Youthly</b>, vi, <a href="#vi.xxxiv">34</a>, youthful.</p> +<p><b>Ypight</b>, ix, <a href="#ix.xxxiii">33</a>, pitched, placed.</p> +<p><b>Yrkesome</b>, ii, <a href="#ii.vi">6</a>, weary; iii, <a href="#iii.iv">4</a>, painful.</p> +<p><b>Yts</b>, vii, <a href="#vii.xxxix">39</a>, it is.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPENSER'S THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK I***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 15272-h.txt or 15272-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/5/2/7/15272">https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/2/7/15272</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Book I + +Author: Edmund Spenser + +Release Date: March 7, 2005 [eBook #15272] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPENSER'S THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK +I*** + + +E-text prepared by Charles Franks, Keith Edkins, and the Project Gutenberg +Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + SPENSER'S + THE FAERIE QUEENE + + BOOK I + + EDITED WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES + BY + GEORGE ARMSTRONG WAUCHOPE, M.A., Ph.D. + +Professor of English in the South Carolina College + + _Velut inter ignes luna minores_ + + New York + The Macmillan Company + London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd. + 1921 +Set up and electrotyped. Published September, 1903. + + + + + + + + CONTENTS + +INTRODUCTION: + I. The Age which produced the Faerie Queene + II. The Author of the Faerie Queene + III. Study of the Faerie Queene: + 1. A Romantic Epic + 2. Influence of the New Learning + 3. Interpretation of the Allegory + 4. The Spenserian Stanza + 5. Versification + 6. Diction and Style + IV. Chronological Table of Events + +THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I: + Letter to Sir Walter Raleigh + Sonnet to Sir Walter Raleigh + Dedication to Queen Elizabeth + Canto I + Canto II + Canto III + Canto IV + Canto V + Canto VI + Canto VII + Canto VIII + Canto IX + Canto X + Canto XI + Canto XII + +NOTES + +GLOSSARY + + * * * * * + +INTRODUCTION + +I. THE AGE WHICH PRODUCED THE _FAERIE QUEENE_ + +The study of the _Faerie Queene_ should be preceded by a review of the +great age in which it was written. An intimate relation exists between the +history of the English nation and the works of English authors. This close +connection between purely external events and literary masterpieces is +especially marked in a study of the Elizabethan Age. To understand the +marvelous outburst of song, the incomparable drama, and the stately prose +of this period, one must enter deeply into the political, social, and +religious life of the times. + +The _Faerie Queene_ was the product of certain definite conditions which +existed in England toward the close of the sixteenth century. The first of +these national conditions was the movement known as the _revival of +chivalry_; the second was the _spirit of nationality_ fostered by the +English Reformation; and the third was that phase of the English +Renaissance commonly called the _revival of learning_. + +The closing decade of Queen Elizabeth's reign was marked by a strong +reaction toward romanticism. The feudal system with its many imperfections +had become a memory, and had been idealized by the people. The nation felt +pride in its new aristocracy, sprung largely from the middle class, and +based rather on worth than ancestry. The bitterness of the Wars of the +Roses was forgotten, and was succeeded by an era of reconciliation and good +feeling. England was united in a heroic queen whom all sects, ranks, and +parties idolized. The whole country exulting in its new sense of freedom +and power became a fairyland of youth, springtime, and romantic +achievement. + +Wise and gallant courtiers, like Sidney, Leicester, and Raleigh, gathered +about the queen, and formed a new chivalry devoted to deeds of adventure +and exploits of mind in her honor. The spirit of the old sea-kings lived +again in Drake and his bold buccaneers, who swept the proud Spaniards from +the seas. With the defeat of the Invincible Armada, the greatest naval +expedition of modern times, the fear of Spanish and Catholic domination +rolled away. The whole land was saturated with an unexpressed poetry, and +the imagination of young and old was so fired with patriotism and noble +endeavor that nothing seemed impossible. Add to this intense delight in +life, with all its mystery, beauty, and power, the keen zest for learning +which filled the air that men breathed, and it is easy to understand that +the time was ripe for a new and brilliant epoch in literature. First among +the poetic geniuses of the Elizabethan period came Edmund Spenser with his +_Faerie Queene_, the allegory of an ideal chivalry. + +This poem is one of the fruits of that intellectual awakening which first +fertilized Italian thought in the twelfth century, and, slowly spreading +over Europe, made its way into England in the fifteenth century. The mighty +impulse of this New Learning culminated during the reign of the Virgin +Queen in a profound quickening of the national consciousness, and in +arousing an intense curiosity to know and to imitate the rich treasures of +the classics and romance. Its first phase was the _classical revival_. The +tyrannous authority of ecclesiasticism had long since been broken; a +general reaction from Christian asceticism had set in; and by the side of +the ceremonies of the church had been introduced a semi-pagan religion of +art--the worship of moral and sensuous beauty. Illiteracy was no longer the +style at court. Elizabeth herself set the example in the study of Greek. +Books and manuscripts were eagerly sought after, Scholars became conversant +with Homer, Plato, Aristotle, and the great tragic poets Sophocles, +Euripides, and Aeschylus; and translations for the many of Vergil, Ovid, +Plautus, Terence, and Seneca poured forth from the printing-presses of +London. The English mind was strongly tempered by the idealistic philosophy +of Plato and Aristotle, and the influence of Latin tragedy and comedy was +strongly felt by the early English drama. + +Along with this classical culture came a higher appreciation of the _beauty +of mediaevalism_. The romantic tendency of the age fostered the study of +the great epics of chivalry, Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ and Tasso's +_Jerusalem Delivered_, and of the cycles of French romance. From the +Italian poets especially Spenser borrowed freely. Ariosto's fresh +naturalness and magic machinery influenced him most strongly, but he was +indebted to the semi-classical Tasso for whole scenes. On the whole, +therefore, Spenser's literary affinities were more with the Gothic than the +classical. + +Spenser was also the spokesman of his time on religious questions. The +violent controversies of the Reformation period were over. Having turned +from the beliefs of ages with passionate rejection, the English people had +achieved religious freedom, and were strongly rooted in Protestantism, +which took on a distinctly national aspect. That Calvinism was at that time +the popular and aristocratic form of Protestantism is evident from +references in the _Faerie Queene_. + +Spenser lived in the afterglow of the great age of chivalry. The passing +glories of knighthood in its flower impressed his imagination like a +gorgeous dream, and he was thus inspired to catch and crystallize into +permanent art its romantic spirit and heroic deeds. Into the framework of +his romance of chivalry he inserted a veiled picture of the struggles and +sufferings of his own people in Ireland. The _Faerie Queene_ might almost +be called the epic of the English conquest of Ireland. The poet himself and +many of his friends were in that unhappy island as representatives of the +queen's government, trying to pacify the natives, and establish law and +order out of discontent and anarchy. Spenser's poem was written for the +most part amidst all these scenes of misery and disorder, and the courage, +justice, and energy shown by his countrymen were aptly portrayed under the +allegory of a mighty spiritual warfare of the knights of old against the +power of evil. + +Spenser's essay on _A View of the Present State of Ireland_ shows that, far +from shutting himself up in a fool's paradise of fancy, he was fully awake +to the social and political condition of that turbulent island, and that it +furnished him with concrete examples of those vices and virtues, bold +encounters and hair-breadth escapes, strange wanderings and deeds of +violence, with which he has crowded the allegory of the _Faerie Queene_. + +II. THE AUTHOR OF THE _FAERIE QUEENE_ + +Edmund Spenser was born in London near the Tower in the year 1552. His +parents were poor, though they were probably connected with the Lancashire +branch of the old family of Le Despensers, "an house of ancient fame," from +which the Northampton Spencers were also descended. The poet's familiarity +with the rural life and dialect of the north country supports the theory +that as a boy he spent some time in Lancashire. Beyond two or three facts, +nothing is known with certainty of his early years. He himself tells us +that his mother's name was Elizabeth, and that London was his "most kindly +nurse." His name is mentioned as one of six poor pupils of the Merchant +Taylors' School, who received assistance from a generous country squire. + +At the age of seventeen, Master Edmund became a student in Pembroke Hall, +one of the colleges of the great University of Cambridge. His position was +that of a sizar, or paid scholar, who was exempt from the payment of +tuition fees and earned his way by serving in the dining hall or performing +other menial duties. His poverty, however, did not prevent him from forming +many helpful friendships with his fellow-students. Among his most valued +friends he numbered Launcelot Andrews, afterward Bishop of Winchester, +Edward Kirke, a young man of Spenser's own age, who soon after edited his +friend's first important poem, the _Shepheards Calender_, with elaborate +notes, and most important of all, the famous classical scholar, a fellow of +Pembroke, Gabriel Harvey, who was a few years older than Spenser, and was +later immortalized as the Hobbinoll of the _Faerie Queene_. It was by +Harvey that the poet was introduced to Sir Philip Sidney, the most +accomplished gentleman in England, and a favorite of Queen Elizabeth. + +Spenser's residence in Cambridge extended over seven years, during which he +received the usual degrees of bachelor and master of arts. He became one of +the most learned of English poets, and we may infer that while at this seat +of learning he laid the foundations for his wide scholarship in the +diligent study of the Greek and Latin classics, the philosophy of Plato and +Aristotle, the pastoral poetry of Theocritus and Vergil, and the great +mediaeval epics of Italian literature. On account of some misunderstanding +with the master and tutors of his college, Spenser failed to receive the +appointment to a fellowship, and left the University in 1576, at the age of +twenty-four. His failure to attain the highest scholastic recognition was +due, it is supposed, to his being involved in some of the dangerous +controversies which were ripe in Cambridge at that time "with daily +spawning of new opinions and heresies in divinity, in philosophy, in +humanity, and in manners." + +On leaving the University, Spenser resided for about a year with relatives +in Lancashire, where he found employment. During this time he had an +unrequited love affair with an unknown beauty whom he celebrated in the +_Shepheards Calender_ under the name of Rosalind, "the widow's daughter of +the glen." A rival, Menalchas, was more successful in finding favor with +his fair neighbor. Although he had before this turned his attention to +poetry by translating the sonnets of Petrarch and Du Bellay (published in +1569), it was while here in the North country that he first showed his high +poetic gifts in original composition. + +After a visit to Sir Philip Sidney at Penshurst, Spenser went down to +London with his friend in 1578, and was presented to Sidney's great uncle, +the Earl of Leicester. He thus at once had an opportunity for advancement +through the influence of powerful patrons, a necessity with poor young +authors in that age. An immediate result of his acquaintance with Sidney, +with whom he was now on relations of intimate friendship, was an +introduction into the best society of the metropolis. This period of +association with many of the most distinguished and cultivated men in +England, together with the succession of brilliant pageants, masks, and +processions, which he witnessed at court and at Lord Leicester's mansion, +must have done much to refine his tastes and broaden his outlook on the +world. + +In personal appearance Spenser was a fine type of a sixteenth century +gentleman. The grace and dignity of his bearing was enhanced by a face of +tender and thoughtful expression in which warmth of feeling was subdued by +the informing spirit of refinement, truthfulness, simplicity, and nobility. +He possessed a fine dome-like forehead, curling hair, brown eyes, full +sensuous lips, and a nose that was straight and strongly moulded. His long +spare face was adorned with a full mustache and a closely cropped Van Dyke +beard. + +The _Shepheards Calender_ was published in the winter of 1579 with a +grateful and complimentary dedication to Sidney. It is an academic exercise +consisting of a series of twelve pastoral poems in imitation of the +eclogues of Vergil and Theocritus. The poem is cast in the form of +dialogues between shepherds, who converse on such subjects as love, +religion, and old age. In three eclogues the poet attacks with Puritan zeal +the pomp and sloth of the worldly clergy, and one is devoted to the courtly +praise of the queen. It was at once recognized as the most notable poem +that had appeared since the death of Chaucer, and placed Spenser +immediately at the head of living English poets. + +In 1580 Spenser went over to Ireland as private secretary to Lord Grey of +Wilton, the Artegall of the Legend of Justice in the _Faerie Queene_. After +the recall of his patron he remained in that turbulent island in various +civil positions for the rest of his life, with the exception of two or +three visits and a last sad flight to England. For seven years he was clerk +of the Court of Chancery in Dublin, and then was appointed clerk to the +Council of Munster. In 1586 he was granted the forfeited estate of the Earl +of Desmond in Cork County, and two years later took up his residence in +Kilcolman Castle, which was beautifully situated on a lake with a distant +view of mountains. In the disturbed political condition of the country, +life here seemed a sort of exile to the poet, but its very loneliness and +danger gave the stimulus needed for the development of his peculiar genius. + +"Here," says Mr. Stopford Brooke, "at the foot of the Galtees, and bordered +to the north by the wild country, the scenery of which is frequently +painted in the _Faerie Queene_ and in whose woods and savage places such +adventures constantly took place in the service of Elizabeth as are +recorded in the _Faerie Queene_, the first three books of that great poem +were finished." Spenser had spent the first three years of his residence at +Kilcolman at work on this masterpiece, which had been begun in England, +under the encouragement of Sidney, probably before 1580. The knightly +Sidney died heroically at the battle of Zutphen, in 1586, and Spenser +voiced the lament of all England in the beautiful pastoral elegy +_Astrophel_ which he composed in memory of "the most noble and valorous +knight." + +Soon after coming to Ireland, Spenser made the acquaintance of Sir Walter +Raleigh, which erelong ripened into intimate friendship. A memorable visit +from Raleigh, who was now a neighbor of the poet's, having also received a +part of the forfeited Desmond estate, led to the publication of the _Faerie +Queene_. Sitting under the shade "of the green alders of the Mulla's +shore," Spenser read to his guest the first books of his poem. So pleased +was Raleigh that he persuaded the poet to accompany him to London, and +there lay his poem at the feet of the great queen, whose praises he had so +gloriously sung. The trip was made, Spenser was presented to Elizabeth, and +read to her Majesty the three Legends of Holiness, Temperance, and +Chastity. She was delighted with the fragmentary epic in which she heard +herself delicately complimented in turn as Gloriana, Belphoebe, and +Britomart, conferred upon the poet a pension of _L_50 yearly, and permitted +the _Faerie Queene_ to be published with a dedication to herself. Launched +under such auspices, it is no wonder that the poem was received by the +court and all England with unprecedented applause. + +The next year while still in London, Spenser collected his early poems and +issued them under the title of _Complaints_. In this volume were the _Ruins +of Time_ and the _Tears of the Muses_, two poems on the indifference shown +to literature before 1580, and the remarkable _Mother Hubberds Tale_, a +bitter satire on the army, the court, the church, and politics. His +_Daphnaida_ was also published about the same time. On his return to +Ireland he gave a charming picture of life at Kilcolman Castle, with an +account of his visit to the court, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_. The +story of the long and desperate courtship of his second love, Elizabeth, +whom he wedded in 1594, is told in the _Amoretti_, a sonnet sequence full +of passion and tenderness. His rapturous wedding ode, the _Epithalamion_, +which is, by general consent, the most glorious bridal song in our +language, and the most perfect of all his poems in its freshness, purity, +and passion, was also published in 1595. The next year Spenser was back in +London and published the _Prothalamion_, a lovely ode on the marriage of +Lord Worcester's daughters, and his four _Hymns_ on Love and Beauty, +Heavenly Love, and Heavenly Beauty. The first two _Hymns_ are early poems, +and the two latter maturer work embodying Petrarch's philosophy, which +teaches that earthly love is a ladder that leads men to the love of God. In +this year, 1596, also appeared the last three books of the _Faerie Queene_, +containing the Legends of Friendship, Justice, and Courtesy. + +At the height of his fame, happiness, and prosperity, Spenser returned for +the last time to Ireland in 1597, and was recommended by the queen for the +office of Sheriff of Cork. Surrounded by his beloved wife and children, his +domestic life was serene and happy, but in gloomy contrast his public life +was stormy and full of anxiety and danger. He was the acknowledged prince +of living poets, and was planning the completion of his mighty epic of the +private virtues in twelve books, to be followed by twelve more on the civic +virtues. The native Irish had steadily withstood his claim to the estate, +and continually harassed him with lawsuits. They detested their foreign +oppressors and awaited a favorable opportunity to rise. Discord and riot +increased on all sides. The ever growing murmurs of discontent gave place +to cries for vengeance and unrepressed acts of hostility. Finally, in the +fall of 1598, there occurred a fearful uprising known as Tyrone's +Rebellion, in which the outraged peasants fiercely attacked the castle, +plundering and burning. Spenser and his family barely escaped with their +lives. According to one old tradition, an infant child was left behind in +the hurried flight and perished in the flames; but this has been shown to +be but one of the wild rumors repeated to exaggerate the horror of the +uprising. Long after Spenser's death, it was also rumored that the last six +books of the _Faerie Queene_ had been lost in the flight; but the story is +now utterly discredited. + +Spenser once more arrived in London, but he was now in dire distress and +prostrated by the hardships which he had suffered. There on January 16, +1599, at a tavern in King Street, Westminster, the great poet died +broken-hearted and in poverty. Drummond of Hawthornden states that Ben +Jonson told him that Spenser "died for lack of bread in King Street, and +refused 20 pieces sent to him by my Lord of Essex, and said He was sorrie +he had no time to spend them." The story is probably a bit of exaggerated +gossip. He was buried close to the tomb of Chaucer in the Poets' Corner in +Westminster Abbey, his fellow-poets bearing the pall, and the Earl of Essex +defraying the expenses of the funeral. Referring to the death of Spenser's +great contemporary, Basse wrote:-- + + "Renowned Spenser, lie a thought more nigh + To learned Chaucer, and rare Beaumont, lie + A little nearer Spenser, to make room + For Shakespeare in your threefold, fourfold tomb." + +"Thus," says Mr. Stopford Brooke, appropriately, "London, 'his most kindly +nurse,' takes care also of his dust, and England keeps him in her love." + +Spenser's influence on English poetry can hardly be overestimated. Keats +called him "the poets' poet," a title which has been universally approved. +"He is the poet of all others," says Mr. Saintsbury, "for those who seek in +poetry only poetical qualities." His work has appealed most strongly to +those who have been poets themselves, for with him the poetical attraction +is supreme. Many of the greatest poets have delighted to call him master, +and have shown him the same loving reverence which he gave to Chaucer. +Minor poets like Sidney, Drayton, and Daniel paid tribute to his +inspiration; Milton was deeply indebted to him, especially in _Lycidas_; +and many of the pensive poets of the seventeenth century show traces of his +influence. "Spenser delighted Shakespeare," says Mr. Church; "he was the +poetical master of Cowley, and then of Milton, and in a sense of Dryden, +and even Pope." Giles and Phineas Fletcher, William Browne, Sir William +Alexander, Shenstone, Collins, Cowley, Gray, and James Thomson were all +direct followers of Spenser. His influence upon the poets of the romantic +revival of the nineteenth century is even more marked. "Spenser begot +Keats," says Mr. Saintsbury, "and Keats begot Tennyson, and Tennyson begot +all the rest." Among this notable company of disciples should be mentioned +especially Rossetti, Morris, and Swinburne. If we include within the sphere +of Spenser's influence also those who have made use of the stanza which he +invented, we must add the names of Burns, Shelley, Byron, Beattie, +Campbell, Scott, and Wordsworth. When we consider the large number of poets +in whom Spenser awakened the poetic gift, or those to whose powers he gave +direction, we may safely pronounce him the most seminal poet in the +language. + +III. STUDY OF THE _FAERIE QUEENE_ + +1. A ROMANTIC EPIC.--The _Faerie Queene_ is the most perfect type which we +have in English of the purely _romantic poem_. Four elements enter into its +composition: "it is pastoral by association, chivalrous by temper, ethical +by tendency, and allegorical by treatment" (Renton). Its subject was taken +from the old cycle of Arthurian legends, which were brightened with the +terrorless magic of Ariosto and Tasso. The scene of the adventures is laid +in the enchanted forests and castles of the far away and unreal fairyland +of mediaeval chivalry, and the incidents themselves are either highly +improbable or frankly impossible. The language is frequently archaic and +designedly unfamiliar. Much of the machinery and properties used in +carrying on the story, such as speaking myrtles, magic mirrors, swords, +rings, impenetrable armor, and healing fountains, is supernatural. All the +characters--the knights, ladies, dwarfs, magicians, dragons, nymphs, +satyrs, and giants--are the conventional figures of pastoral romance. + +The framework of the plot of the _Faerie Queene_ is vast and loosely put +together. There are six main stories, or legends, and each contains several +digressions and involved episodes. The plan of the entire work, which the +author only half completed, is outlined in his letter to Sir Walter +Raleigh. This letter serves as an admirable introduction to the poem, and +should be read attentively by the student. Gloriana, the Queen of +Fairyland, holds at her court a solemn feudal festival, lasting twelve +days, during which she sends forth twelve of her greatest knights on as +many separate adventures. The knights are commissioned to champion the +cause of persons in distress and redress their wrongs. The ideal knight, +Prince Arthur, is the central male figure of the poem. He is enamoured of +Gloriana, having seen her in a wondrous vision, and is represented as +journeying in quest of her. He appears in all of the legends at opportune +moments to succor the knights when they are hard beset or in the power of +their enemies. The six extant books contain respectively the legends of (I) +the Knight of the Redcrosse, or Holiness, (II) Sir Guyon, the Knight of +Temperance, (III) Britomart, the female Knight of Chastity, (IV) Sir +Campbell and Sir Triamond, the Knights of Friendship, (V) Sir Artegall, the +Knight of Justice, and (VI) Sir Caledore, the Knight of Courtesy. Book I is +an allegory of man's relation to God, Book II, of man's relation to +himself, Books III, IV, V, and VI, of man's relation to his fellow-man. +Prince Arthur, the personification of Magnificence, by which Spenser means +Magnanimity (Aristotle's [Greek: megalopsychia]), is the ideal of a perfect +character, in which all the private virtues are united. It is a poem of +culture, inculcating the moral ideals of Aristotle and the teachings of +Christianity. + +2. INFLUENCE OF THE NEW LEARNING.--Like Milton, Gray, and other English +poets, Spenser was a scholar familiar with the best in ancient and modern +literature. As to Spenser's specific indebtedness, though he owed much in +incident and diction to Chaucer's version of the _Romance of the Rose_ and +to Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, the great epic poets, Tasso and Ariosto, +should be given first place. The resemblance of passages in the _Faerie +Queene_ to others in the _Orlando Furioso_ and the _Jerusalem Delivered_ is +so striking that some have accused the English poet of paraphrasing and +slavishly borrowing from the two Italians. Many of these parallels are +pointed out in the notes. To this criticism, Mr. Saintsbury remarks: "Not, +perhaps, till the _Orlando_ has been carefully read, and read in the +original, is Spenser's real greatness understood. He has often, and +evidently of purpose, challenged comparison; but in every instance it will +be found that his beauties are emphatically his own. He has followed +Ariosto only as Vergil has followed Homer, and much less slavishly." + +The influence of the New Learning is clearly evident in Spenser's use of +_classical mythology_. Greek myths are placed side by side with Christian +imagery and legends. Like Dante, the poet did not consider the Hellenic +doctrine of sensuous beauty to be antagonistic to the truths of religion. +There is sometimes an incongruous confusion of classicism and mediaevalism, +as when a magician is seen in the house of Morpheus, and a sorcerer goes to +the realm of Pluto. Spenser was guided by a higher and truer sense of +beauty than the classical purists know. + +A very attractive element of his classicism is his _worship of beauty_. The +Greek conception of beauty included two forms--the sensuous and the +spiritual. So richly colored and voluptuous are his descriptions that he +has been called the painters' poet, "the Rubens," and "the Raphael of the +poets." As with Plato, Spenser's idea of the spiritually beautiful includes +the true and the good. Sensuous beauty is seen in the forms of external +nature, like the morning mist and sunshine, the rose gardens, the green +elders, and the quiet streams. His ideal of perfect sensuous and spiritual +beauty combined is found in womanhood. Such a one is Una, the dream of the +poet's young manhood, and we recognize in her one whose soul is as fair as +her face--an idealized type of a woman in real life who calls forth all our +love and reverence. + +3. INTERPRETATION OF THE ALLEGORY.--In the sixteenth century it was the +opinion of Puritan England that every literary masterpiece should not only +give entertainment, but should also teach some moral or spiritual lesson. +"No one," says Mr. Patee, "after reading Spenser's letter to Raleigh, can +wander far into Spenser's poem without the conviction that the author's +central purpose was didactic, almost as much as was Bunyan's in _Pilgrim's +Progress._" Milton doubtless had this feature of the _Faerie Queene_ in +mind when he wrote in _Il Penseroso_:-- + + "And if aught else great bards beside + In sage and solemn tunes have sung + Of turneys, and of trophies hung, + Of forests and enchantments drear, + _Where more is meant than meets the ear_." + +That the allegory of the poem is closely connected with its aim and ethical +tendency is evident from the statement of the author that "the generall end +therefore of all the booke is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in +vertuous and gentle discipline. Which for that I conceived should be most +plausible and pleasing, being coloured with an historical fiction, the +which the most part of men delight to read, rather for varietie of matter +then for profite of the ensample." The _Faerie Queene_ is, therefore, +according to the avowed purpose of its author, a poem of culture. Though it +is one of the most highly artistic works in the language, it is at the same +time one of the most didactic. "It professes," says Mr. Church, "to be a +veiled exposition of moral philosophy." + +The allegory is threefold,--moral, religious, and personal. + +(a) _Moral Allegory._--The characters all represent various virtues and +vices, whose intrigues and warfare against each other symbolize the +struggle of the human soul after perfection. The Redcross Knight, for +example, personifies the single private virtue of holiness, while Prince +Arthur stands for that perfect manhood which combines all the moral +qualities; Una represents abstract truth, while Gloriana symbolizes the +union of all the virtues in perfect womanhood. + +(b) _Religious or Spiritual Allegory._--Under this interpretation the +Redcross Knight is a personification of Protestant England, or the church +militant, while Una represents the true religion of the Reformed Church. On +the other hand, Archimago symbolizes the deceptions of the Jesuits and +Duessa the false Church of Rome masquerading as true religion. + +(c) _Personal and Political Allegory._--Here we find a concrete +presentation of many of Spenser's chief contemporaries. One of Spenser's +prime objects in composing his epic was to please certain powerful persons +at court, and above all to win praise and patronage from the vain and +flattery loving queen, whom he celebrates as Gloriana. Prince Arthur is a +character that similarly pays homage to Lord Leicester. In the Redcross +Knight he compliments, no doubt, some gentleman like Sir Philip Sidney or +Sir Walter Raleigh, as if he were a second St. George, the patron saint of +England, while in Una we may see idealized some fair lady of the court. In +Archimago he satirizes the odious King Philip II of Spain, and in false +Duessa the fascinating intriguer, Mary Queen of Scots, who was undeserving +so hard a blow. + +KEY TO THE ALLEGORY IN BOOK I + + _Characters_ _Moral_ _Religious and _Personal and + Spirtual_ Political_ + + Redcross Knight Holiness Reformed England St George + + Una Truth True Religion + + Prince Arthur Magnificence, or Protestantism, or Lord Leicester + Private Virtue the Church Militant + + Gloriana Glory Spirtual Beauty Queen Elizabeth + + Archimago Hypocrisy The Jesuits Phillip II of Spain + + Duessa Falsehood False Religion Mary Queen of Scots, + Church of Rome + + Orgoglio Carnal Pride Antichrist Pope Sixtus V + + The Lion Reason, Reformation by Force Henry VIII, + Natural Honor Civil Government + + The Dragon Sin The Devil, Satan Rome and Spain + + Sir Satyrane Natural Courage Law and Order Sir John Perrott + in Ireland + + The Monster Avarice Greed of Romanism Romish Priesthood + + Corceca Blind Devotion, Catholic Penance Irish Nuns + Superstition + + Abessa Flagrant Sin Immorality Irish Nuns + + Kirkrapine Church Robbery Religious State Irish Clergy + of Ireland and Laity + + Sansfoy Infidelity + + Sansjoy Joylessness Pagan Religion The Sultan and + the Saracens + + Sansloy Lawlessness + + The Dwarf Prudence, + Common Sense + + Sir Trevisan Fear + + The Squire Purity The Anglican Clergy + + The Horn Truth The English Bible + + Lucifera Pride, Vanity Woman of Babylon Church of Rome + +4. THE SPENSERIAN STANZA.--The _Faerie Queene_ is written in the Spenserian +Stanza, a form which the poet himself invented as a suitable vehicle for a +long narrative poem. Suggestions for its construction were taken from three +Italian metres--the Ottava Rima, the Terza Rima, the Sonnet--and the +Ballade stanza. There are eight lines in the iambic pentameter measure +(five accents); e.g.-- + +v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- +a gen | tle knight | was prick | ing on | the plaine +followed by one iambic hexameter, or Alexandrine (six accents); e.g.-- + +v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- | v -/- +as one | for knight | ly giusts | and fierce | encount | ers fitt +The rhymes are arranged in the following order: _ab ab bc bcc_. It will be +observed that the two quatrains are bound together by the first two b +rhymes, and the Alexandrine, which rhymes with the eighth line, draws out +the harmony with a peculiar lingering effect. In scanning and reading it is +necessary to observe the laws of accentuation and pronunciation prevailing +in Spenser's day; e.g. in _learned_ (I, i), _undeserved_ (I, ii), and +_woundes_ (V, xvii) the final syllable is sounded, _patience_ (X, xxix) is +trisyllabic, _devotion_ (X, xl) is four syllables, and _entertainment_ (X, +xxxvii) is accented on the second and fourth syllables. Frequently there is +in the line a caesural pause, which may occur anywhere; e.g.-- + + "And quite dismembred hath; | the thirsty land + Dronke up his life; | his corse left on the strand." (III, xx.) + +The rhythm of the meter is also varied by the alternating of end-stopped +and run-on lines, as in the last quotation. An end-stopped line has a pause +at the end, usually indicated by some mark of punctuation. A run-on line +should be read closely with the following line with only a slight pause to +indicate the line-unit. Monotony is prevented by the occasional use of a +light or feminine ending--a syllable on which the voice does not or cannot +rest; e.g.-- + + "Then choosing out few words most horrible." (I, xxxvii.) + "That for his love refused deity." (III, xxi.) + "His ship far come from watrie wilderness." (III, xxxii.) + +The use of alliteration, i.e. having several words in a line beginning with +the same letter, is another device frequently employed by Spenser for +musical effect; e.g.-- + + "In which that wicked wight his dayes doth weare." (I, xxxvi.) + "Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleep them biddes." (I, xxxvi.) + +5. VERSIFICATION.--In the handling of his stanza, Spenser revealed a +harmony, sweetness, and color never before dreamed of in the English. Its +compass, which admitted of an almost endless variety of cadence, harmonized +well with the necessity for continuous narration. It appeals to the eye as +well as to the ear, with its now languid, now vigorous, but always graceful +turn of phrase. Its movement has been compared to the smooth, steady, +irresistible sweep of water in a mighty river. Like Lyly, Marlowe, and +Shakespeare, Spenser felt the new delight in the pictorial and musical +qualities of words, and invented new melodies and word pictures. He aimed +rather at finish, exactness, and fastidious neatness than at ease, freedom, +and irregularity; and if his versification has any fault, it is that of +monotony. The atmosphere is always perfectly adapted to the theme. + +6. DICTION AND STYLE.--The peculiar diction of the _Faerie Queene_ should +receive the careful attention of the student. As a romantic poet, Spenser +often preferred archaic and semi-obsolete language to more modern forms. He +uses four classes of words that were recognized as the proper and +conventional language of pastoral and romantic poetry; viz. (a) +_archaisms_, (b) _dialect_, (c) _classicisms_, and (d) _gallicisms_. He did +not hesitate to adopt from Chaucer many obsolete words and grammatical +forms. Examples are: the double negative with _ne_; _eyen_, _lenger_, +_doen_, _ycladd_, _harrowd_, _purchas_, _raught_, _seely_, _stowre_, +_swinge_, _owch_, and _withouten_. He also employs many old words from +Layamon, Wiclif, and Langland, like _swelt_, _younglings_, _noye_, _kest_, +_hurtle_, and _loft_. His dialectic forms are taken from the vernacular of +the North Lancashire folk with which he was familiar. Some are still a part +of the spoken language of that region, such as, _brent_, _cruddled_, +_forswat_, _fearen_, _forray_, _pight_, _sithen_, _carle_, and _carke_. + +Examples of his use of classical constructions are: the ablative absolute, +as, _which doen_ (IV, xliii); the relative construction with _when_, as, +_which when_ (I, xvii), _that when_ (VII, xi); the comparative of the +adjective in the sense of "too," as, _weaker_ (I, xlv), harder (II, xxxvi); +the participial construction after _till_, as, _till further tryall made_ +(I, xii); the superlative of location, as, _middest_ (IV, xv); and the old +gerundive, as, _wandering wood_ (I, xiii). Most of the gallicisms found are +anglicized loan words from the French _romans d'aventure_, such as, +_disseized_, _cheare_, _chappell_, _assoiled_, _guerdon_, _palfrey_, +_recreaunt_, _trenchand_, _syre_, and _trusse_. Notwithstanding Spenser's +use of foreign words and constructions, his language is as thoroughly +English in its idiom as that of any of our great poets. + +"I think that if he had not been a great poet," says Leigh Hunt, "he would +have been a great painter." + +"After reading," says Pope, "a canto of Spenser two or three days ago to an +old lady, between seventy and eighty years of age, she said that I had been +showing her a gallery of pictures. I do not know how it is, but she said +very right. There is something in Spenser that pleases one as strongly in +old age as it did in youth. I read the _Faerie Queene_ when I was about +twelve, with infinite delight; and I think it gave me as much, when I read +it over about a year or two ago." + +The imperishable charm of the poem lies in its appeal to the pure sense of +beauty. "A beautiful pagan dream," says Taine, "carries on a beautiful +dream of chivalry." The reader hears in its lines a stately and undulating +rhythm that intoxicates the ear and carries him on with an irresistible +fascination, he sees the unsubstantial forms of fairyland go sweeping by in +a gorgeous and dreamlike pageantry, and he feels pulsing in its luxuriant +and enchanted atmosphere the warm and beauty-loving temper of the Italian +Renaissance. "Spenser is superior to his subject," says Taine, "comprehends +it fully, frames it with a view to the end, in order to impress upon it the +proper mark of his soul and his genius. Each story is modified with respect +to another, and all with respect to a certain effect which is being worked +out. Thus a beauty issues from this harmony,--the beauty in the poet's +heart,--which his whole work strives to express; a noble and yet a laughing +beauty, made up of moral elevation and sensuous seductions, English in +sentiment, Italian in externals, chivalric in subject, modern in its +perfection, representing a unique and admirable epoch, the appearance of +paganism in a Christian race, and the worship of form by an imagination of +the North." + + CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE + +EVENTS IN SPENSER'S LIFE A.D. CONTEMPORARY EVENTS + +Birth of Edmund Spenser (about) 1552 Birth of Sir Walter Raleigh + 1553 Death of Edward VI; Mary crowned. + 1554 Mary marries Philip of Spain. + 1558 Death of Mary; Elizabeth crowned. + 1560 Charles IX, king of France. + 1568 Council of Trent. +_Visions of Bellay_, published, 1569 +_Sonnets of Petrarch_, published, 1569 +Enters Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1569 + 1572 Gregory XIII, Pope of Rome. + 1572 Massacre of St. Batholomew. + 1574 Henry III, king of France. +Received M.A., leaves Cambridge, 1576 Rudolph II, emperor. +Leaves Lancashire, 1578 Elizabeth aids the Netherlands. +Visits Lord Leicester, 1579 +_The Shepheards Calender_, 1579 +Goes to Ireland, 1580 Massacre of Smerwick. + 1581 Tasso's _Jersalem Delivered_. +Lord Grey's return to England, 1582 + 1584 Assassination of William the + Silent. + 1585 Sixtus V, Pope. Drake's voyage. + 1585 Leicester goes to the Netherlands. + 1586 Death of Sir Philip Sidney. +First marriage (before) 1587 Execution of Mary Queen of Scots. +Clerk to the Council of + Munster, 1588 Defeat of Spanish Armada. + Death of Leicester. +Visits England with Raleigh, 1589 Assassination of Henry III; + Henry IV crowned. +_The Faerie Queene_, Books I, 1590 Shakespeare's _Love's + II, III, Labour's Lost_. +_Mother Hubberds Tale, Tears of 1591 Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors, + the Muses, Ruines of Time, Henry VI_. + Daphnaida, The Visions_ 1591 Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, trans. + 1593 Shakespeare's _Midsummer + Night's Dream_. + 1593 _Richard III._ +Second marriage, 1594 Shakespeare's _Richard II_. +_Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, 1595 Shakespeare's _King John_. +_Amoretti, Epithalamion, Hymns_ 1595 Johnston's _Seven Champions + of Christendom._ +_Astrophel, Prothalamion,_ 1596 Shakespeare's _Merchant of Venice_. +_The Faerie Queene_, Books I-VI 1596 Ben Jonson's _Every Man in his + Humour._ +_Vision of the Present State of 1598 Edict of Nantes, + Ireland_ Philip III crowned. +Death of Spenser, 1599 Revolt of Irish. Expedition + of Essex to Ireland. + + + * * * * * + + THE FAERIE QUEENE + + * * * * * + + LETTER TO SIR WALTER RALEIGH + +A LETTER of the Authors expounding his whole intention in the course of +this worke;[1] which, for that it giveth great light to the reader, for the +better understanding is hereunto annexed. + +TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND VALOROUS + +SIR WALTER RALEIGH, KNIGHT. + +_Lo: Wardein of the Stanneries, and her majesties lieutenaunt of the +countie of Cornewayll._ + +SIR, + +Knowing how doubtfully all Allegories may be constructed, and this booke of +mine, which I have entituled _The Faery Queene_, being a continued +Allegorie, or darke conceit, I have thought good, as well for avoyding of +jealous opinions and misconstructions, as also for your better light in +reading thereof, (being so, by you commanded) to discover unto you the +generall intention and meaning, which in the whole course thereof I have +fashioned, without expressing of any particular purposes, or by-accidents +therein occasioned. The generall end therefore of all the booke, is to +fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline. +Which for that I conceived shoulde be most plausible and pleasing, beeing +coloured with an historicall fiction, the which the most part of men +delight to read, rather for varietie of matter than for profit of the +ensample: I chose the historie of king Arthure, as most fit for the +excellencie of his person, beeing made famous by many mens former workes, +and also furthest from the danger of envie, and suspicion of present time. +In which I have followed all the antique poets historicall: first Homer, +who in the persons of Agamemnon and Ulysses hath ensampled a good governour +and a vertuous man, the one in his _Ilias_, the other in his _Odysseis_: +then Virgil, whose like intention was to doe in the person of _Aeneas_: +after him Ariosto comprised them both in his _Orlando_: and lately Tasso +dissevered them againe, and formed both parts in two persons, namely, that +part which they in philosophy call _Ethice_, or vertues of a private man, +coloured in his _Rinaldo_: the other named _Politice_, in his _Godfredo_. +By ensample of which excellent Poets, I laboure to pourtraict in Arthure, +before he was king, the image of a brave knight, perfected in the twelve +private morall vertues, as Aristotle hath devised: which if I find to be +well accepted, I may be perhaps encoraged to frame the other part of +pollitike vertues in his person, after he came to bee king. + +To some I know this Methode will seem displeasant, which had rather have +good discipline delivered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at large, +as they use, then thus clowdily enwrapped in Allegoricall devises. But +such, mee seeme, should be satisfied with the use of these dayes, seeing +all things accounted by their showes, and nothing esteemed of, that is not +delightfull and pleasing to common sense. For this cause is Xenophon +preferred before Plato, for that the one, in the exquisite depth of his +judgement, formed a Commune-wealth, such as it should be; but the other, in +the person of Cyrus and the Persians, fashioned a government, such as might +best be: So much more profitable and gracious is doctrine by ensample then +by rule. So have I laboured to do in the person of Arthure: whom I +conceive, after his long education by Timon (to whom he was by Merlin +delivered to be brought up, so soone as he was borne of the Lady Igrayne) +to have seen in a dreame or vision the Faerie Queene, with whose excellent +beautie ravished, hee awaking, resolved to seek her out: and so, being by +Merlin armed, and by Timon throughly instructed, he went to seeke her forth +in Faery land. In that Faery Queene I mean _Glory_ in my generall +intention: but in my particular I conceive the most excellent and glorious +person of our soveraine the Queene, and her kingdome in Faery land. And +yet, in some places else, I doe otherwise shadow her. For considering shee +beareth two persons, the one of a most royall Queene or Empresse, the other +of a most vertuous and beautifull lady, this latter part in some places I +doe expresse in Belphoebe, fashioning her name according to your owne +excellent conceipt of Cynthia,[2] (Phoebe and Cynthia being both names of +Diana). So in the person of Prince Arthure I sette forth magnificence in +particular, which vertue, for that (according to Aristotle and the rest) it +is the perfection of all the rest, and containeth in it them all, therefore +in the whole course I mention the deeds of Arthure appliable to the vertue, +which I write of in that booke. But of the twelve other vertues I make XII +other knights the patrons, for the more varietie of the historic: Of which +these three bookes containe three. The first, of the Knight of the Red +crosse, in whom I expresse Holinesse: the second of Sir Guyon, in whome I +set foorth Temperance: the third of Britomartis, a Lady knight, in whom I +picture Chastitie. But because the beginning of the whole worke seemeth +abrupt and as depending upon other antecedents, it needs that yee know the +occasion of these three knights severall adventures. For the Methode of a +Poet historicall is not such as of an Historiographer. For an +Historiographer discourseth of affaires orderly as they were done, +accounting as well the times as the actions; but a Poet thrusteth into the +middest, even where it most concerneth him, and there recoursing to the +things forepast, and divining of things to come, maketh a pleasing analysis +of all. The beginning therefore of my historie, if it were to be told by an +Historiographer, should be the twelfth booke, which is the last; where I +devise that the Faery Queene kept her annuall feast twelve daies; uppon +which twelve severall dayes, the occasions of the twelve severall +adventures hapned, which being undertaken by XII severall knights, are in +these twelve books severally handled and discoursed. + +The first was this. In the beginning of the feast, there presented him +selfe a tall clownish younge man, who falling before the Queene of Faeries +desired a boone (as the manner then was) which during that feast she might +not refuse: which was that hee might have the atchievement of any +adventure, which during that feast should happen; that being granted, he +rested him selfe on the fioore, unfit through his rusticitie for a better +place. Soone after entred a faire Ladie in mourning weedes, riding on a +white Asse, with a dwarfe behind her leading a warlike steed, that bore the +Armes of a knight, and his speare in the dwarfes hand. She falling before +the Queene of Faeries, complayned that her father and mother, an ancient +King and Queene, had bene by an huge dragon many yeers shut up in a brazen +Castle, who thence suffered them not to issew: and therefore besought the +Faery Queene to assigne her some one of her knights to take on him that +exployt. Presently that clownish person upstarting, desired that adventure; +whereat the Queene much wondering, and the Lady much gaine-saying, yet he +earnestly importuned his desire. In the end the Lady told him, that unlesse +that armour which she brought would serve him (that is, the armour of a +Christian man specified by Saint Paul, V. Ephes.) that he could not succeed +in that enterprise: which being forth with put upon him with due furnitures +thereunto, he seemed the goodliest man in al that company, and was well +liked of the Lady. And eftesoones taking on him knighthood, and mounting on +that straunge Courser, he went forth with her on that adventure: where +beginneth the first booke, viz. + + A gentle knight was pricking on the playne, etc. + +The second day there came in a Palmer bearing an Infant with bloody hands, +whose Parents he complained to have bene slaine by an enchauntresse called +Acrasia: and therefore craved of the Faery Queene, to appoint him some +knight to performe that adventure, which being assigned to Sir Guyon, he +presently went foorth with the same Palmer: which is the beginning of the +second booke and the whole subject thereof. The third day there came in a +Groome, who complained before the Faery Queene, that a vile Enchaunter, +called Busirane, had in hand a most faire Lady, called Amoretta, whom he +kept in most grevious torment. Whereupon Sir Scudamour, the lover of that +Lady, presently tooke on him that adventure. But beeing unable to performe +it by reason of the hard Enchauntments, after long sorrow, in the end met +with Britomartis, who succoured him, and reskewed his love. + +But by occasion hereof, many other adventures are intermedled; but rather +as accidents then intendments. As the love of Britomart, the overthrow of +Marinell, the miserie of Florimell, the vertuousness of Belphoebe; and many +the like. + +Thus much, Sir, I have briefly-over-run to direct your understanding to the +wel-head of the History, that from thence gathering the whole intention of +the conceit, ye may as in a handfull gripe all the discourse, which +otherwise may happely seem tedious and confused. So humbly craving the +continuance of your honourable favour towards me, and th' eternall +establishment of your happines, I humbly take leave. + +Yours most humbly affectionate, + +EDM. SPENSER. + +23 Januarie, 1589. + + [1] The letter served as an introduction to the first three books of the + _Faerie Queene_. + + [2] An allusion to Sir Walter Raleigh's poem _Cynthia_. + + * * * * * + +_To the Right Noble and Valorous Knight_, + +SIR WALTER RALEIGH, + +_Lord Wardein of the Stanneryes, and Lieftenaunt of Cornewaile_, + + To thee that art the sommers Nightingale, + Thy soveraigne Goddesses most deare delight, + Why doe I send this rustick Madrigale, + That may thy tunefull eare unseason quite? + Thou onely fit this argument to write + In whose high thoughts Pleasure hath built her bowre, + And dainty Love learnd sweetly to endite. + My rimes I know unsavory and sowre, + To taste the streames, that, like a golden showre, + Flow from thy fruitfull head, of thy Loves praise; + Fitter perhaps to thunder martiall stowre, + When so thee list thy loftie Muse to raise: + Yet, till that thou thy poeme wilt make knowne, + Let thy faire Cinthias praises be thus rudely showne. + + E.S. + + * * * * * + + TO + THE MOST HIGH, MIGHTIE, AND MAGNIFICENT + EMPERESSE +RENOWNED FOR PIETIE, VERTVE, AND ALL GRATIOVS GOVERNMENT + + ELIZABETH + + BY THE GRACE OF GOD +Queen of England, Fraunce and Ireland, and of Virginia, + Defender of the Faith etc. + + HER MOST HUMBLE SERVAUNT + EDMVND SPENSER + DOTH IN ALL HUMILITIE + DEDICATE, PRESENT, AND CONSECRATE THESE HIS LABOVRS + TO LIVE WITH THE ETERNITIE OF HER FAME. + + * * * * * + + THE FIRST BOOKE OF + THE FAERIE QUEENE + + CONTAINING + + THE LEGENDE OF THE KNIGHT OF THE RED + CROSSE, OR OF HOLINESSE + + + * * * * * + I + +Lo I the man,[*] whose Muse whilome did maske, + As time her taught, in lowly Shepheards weeds, + Am now enforst a far unfitter taske, + For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine Oaten reeds, + And sing of Knights and Ladies[*] gentle deeds; 5 + Whose prayses having slept in silence long, + Me, all too meane, the sacred Muse areeds + To blazon broade emongst her learned throng: +Fierce warres and faithfull loves shall moralize my song. + + II + +Helpe then, O holy Virgin chiefe of nine,[*] 10 + Thy weaker Novice to performe thy will; + Lay forth out of thine everlasting scryne + The antique rolles, which there lye hidden still, + Of Faerie knights[*] and fairest Tanaquill,[*] + Whom that most noble Briton Prince[*] so long 15 + Sought through the world, and suffered so much ill, + That I must rue his undeserved wrong: +O helpe thou my weake wit, and sharpen my dull tong. + + III + +And thou most dreaded impe of highest Jove,[*] + Faire Venus sonne, that with thy cruell dart 20 + At that good knight so cunningly didst rove, + That glorious fire it kindled in his hart, + Lay now thy deadly Heben bow apart, + And with thy mother milde come to mine ayde; + Come both, and with you bring triumphant Mart,[*] 25 + In loves and gentle jollities arrayd, +After his murdrous spoiles and bloudy rage allayd. + + IV + +And with them eke, O Goddesse heavenly bright,[*] + Mirrour of grace and Majestie divine, + Great Lady of the greatest Isle, whose light 30 + Like Phoebus lampe[*] throughout the world doth shine, + Shed thy faire beames into my feeble eyne, + And raise my thoughts, too humble and too vile, + To thinke of that true glorious type of thine,[*] + The argument of mine afflicted stile:[*] 35 +The which to heare, vouchsafe, O dearest dred,[*] a-while. + + * * * * * + + CANTO I + + The Patron of true Holinesse + foule Errour doth defeate; + Hypocrisie him to entrappe + doth to his home entreate. + + I + +A GENTLE Knight[*] was pricking on the plaine, + Ycladd in mightie armes and silver shielde, + Wherein old dints of deepe wounds did remaine, + The cruel markes of many'a bloudy fielde; + Yet armes till that time did he never wield: 5 + His angry steede did chide his foming bitt, + As much disdayning to the curbe to yield: + Full jolly knight he seemd, and faire did sitt, +As one for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt. + + II + +And on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore, 10 + The deare remembrance of his dying Lord, + For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore, + And dead as living ever him ador'd: + Upon his shield the like was also scor'd, + For soveraine hope,[*] which in his helpe he had: 15 + Right faithfull true he was in deede and word, + But of his cheere did seeme too solemne sad; +Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. + + III + +Upon a great adventure he was bond, + That greatest Gloriana[*] to him gave, 20 + That greatest Glorious Queene of Faerie lond, + To winne him worship, and her grace to have, + Which of all earthly things he most did crave; + And ever as he rode, his hart did earne + To prove his puissance in battell brave 25 + Upon his foe, and his new force to learne; +Upon his foe, a Dragon[*] horrible and stearne. + + IV + +A lovely Ladie[*] rode him faire beside, + Upon a lowly Asse more white then snow, + Yet she much whiter, but the same did hide 30 + Under a vele, that wimpled was full low, + And over all a blacke stole she did throw, + As one that inly mournd: so was she sad, + And heavie sat upon her palfrey slow; + Seemed in heart some hidden care she had, 35 +And by her in a line a milke white lambe she lad. + + V + +So pure and innocent, as that same lambe, + She was in life and every vertuous lore, + And by descent from Royall lynage came + Of ancient Kings and Queenes, that had of yore 40 + Their scepters stretcht from East to Westerne shore, + And all the world in their subjection held; + Till that infernall feend with foule uprore + Forwasted all their land, and them expeld: +Whom to avenge, she had this Knight from far compeld. 45 + + VI + +Behind her farre away a Dwarfe[*] did lag, + That lasie seemd in being ever last, + Or wearied with bearing of her bag + Of needments at his backe. Thus as they past, + The day with cloudes was suddeine overcast, 50 + And angry Jove an hideous storme of raine + Did poure into his Lemans lap so fast, + That everie wight to shrowd it did constrain, +And this faire couple eke to shroud themselves were fain. + + VII + +Enforst to seeke some covert nigh at hand, 55 + A shadie grove[*] not far away they spide, + That promist ayde the tempest to withstand: + Whose loftie trees yclad with sommers pride + Did spred so broad, that heavens light did hide, + Not perceable with power of any starre: 60 + And all within were pathes and alleies wide, + With footing worne, and leading inward farre: +Faire harbour that them seemes; so in they entred arre. + + VIII + +And foorth they passe, with pleasure forward led, + Joying to heare the birdes sweete harmony, 65 + Which therein shrouded from the tempest dred, + Seemd in their song to scorne the cruell sky. + Much can they prayse the trees so straight and hy, + The sayling Pine,[*] the Cedar proud and tall, + The vine-prop Elme, the Poplar never dry,[*] 70 + The builder Oake,[*] sole king of forrests all, +The Aspine good for staves, the Cypresse funerall.[*] + + IX + +The Laurell,[*] meed of mightie Conquerours + And Poets sage, the firre that weepeth still,[*] + The Willow[*] worne of forlorne Paramours, 75 + The Eugh[*] obedient to the benders will, + The Birch for shaftes, the Sallow for the mill, + The Mirrhe[*] sweete bleeding in the bitter wound, + The warlike Beech,[*] the Ash for nothing ill,[*] + The fruitfull Olive, and the Platane round, 80 +The carver Holme,[*] the Maple seeldom inward sound. + + X + +Led with delight, they thus beguile the way, + Untill the blustring storme is overblowne; + When weening to returne, whence they did stray, + They cannot finde that path, which first was showne, 85 + But wander too and fro in wayes unknowne, + Furthest from end then, when they neerest weene, + That makes them doubt their wits be not their owne: + So many pathes, so many turnings seene, +That which of them to take, in diverse doubt they been. 90 + + XI + +At last resolving forward still to fare, + Till that some end they finde or in or out, + That path they take, that beaten seemd most bare, + And like to lead the labyrinth about; + Which when by tract they hunted had throughout, 95 + At length it brought them to a hollow cave + Amid the thickest woods. The Champion stout + Eftsoones dismounted from his courser brave, +And to the Dwarfe awhile his needlesse spere he gave. + + XII + +Be well aware, quoth then that Ladie milde, 100 + Least suddaine mischiefe ye too rash provoke: + The danger hid, the place unknowne and wilde, + Breedes dreadfull doubts: Oft fire is without smoke, + And perill without show: therefore your stroke, + Sir Knight, with-hold, till further triall made. 105 + Ah Ladie, (said he) shame were to revoke[*] + The forward footing for an hidden shade: +Vertue gives her selfe light, through darkenesse for to wade. + + XIII + +Yea but (quoth she) the perill of this place + I better wot then you, though now too late 110 + To wish you backe returne with foule disgrace, + Yet wisedome warnes, whilest foot is in the gate, + To stay the steppe, ere forced to retrate. + This is the wandring wood,[*] this Errours den, + A monster vile, whom God and man does hate: 115 + Therefore I read beware. Fly fly (quoth then +The fearefull Dwarfe) this is no place for living men. + + XIV + +But full of fire and greedy hardiment, + The youthfull knight could not for ought be staide, + But forth unto the darksome hole he went, 120 + And looked in: his glistring armor made + A litle glooming light, much like a shade, + By which he saw the ugly monster[*] plaine, + Halfe like a serpent horribly displaide, + But th'other halfe did womans shape retaine, 125 +Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine.[*] + + XV + +And as she lay upon the durtie ground, + Her huge long taile her den all overspred, + Yet was in knots and many boughtes upwound, + Pointed with mortall sting. Of her there bred[*] 130 + A thousand yong ones, which she dayly fed, + Sucking upon her poisnous dugs, eachone + Of sundry shapes, yet all ill favored: + Soone as that uncouth light upon them shone, +Into her mouth they crept, and suddain all were gone. 135 + + XVI + +Their dam upstart, out of her den effraide, + And rushed forth, hurling her hideous taile + About her cursed head, whose folds displaid + Were stretcht now forth at length without entraile. + She lookt about, and seeing one in mayle 140 + Armed to point,[*] sought backe to turne againe; + For light she hated as the deadly bale, + Ay wont in desert darknesse to remaine, +Where plain none might her see, nor she see any plaine. + + XVII + +Which when the valiant Elfe[*] perceiv'd, he lept 145 + As Lyon fierce upon the flying pray, + And with his trenchand blade her boldly kept + From turning backe, and forced her to stay: + Therewith enrag'd she loudly gan to bray, + And turning fierce, her speckled taile advaunst, 150 + Threatning her angry sting, him to dismay: + Who nought aghast his mightie hand enhaunst: +The stroke down from her head unto her shoulder glaunst. + + XVIII + +Much daunted with that dint, her sence was dazd, + Yet kindling rage, her selfe she gathered round, 155 + And all attonce her beastly body raizd + With doubled forces high above the ground: + Tho wrapping up her wrethed sterne arownd, + Lept fierce upon his shield, and her huge traine + All suddenly about his body wound, 160 + That hand or foot to stirre he strove in vaine: +God helpe the man so wrapt in Errours endlesse traine. + + XIX + +His Lady sad to see his sore constraint, + Cride out, Now now Sir knight, shew what ye bee, + Add faith unto your force, and be not faint: 165 + Strangle her, else she sure will strangle thee. + That when he heard, in great perplexitie, + His gall did grate for griefe[*] and high disdaine, + And knitting all his force got one hand free, + Wherewith he grypt her gorge with so great paine, 170 +That soone to loose her wicked bands did her constraine. + + XX + +Therewith she spewd out of her filthy maw + A floud of poyson horrible and blacke, + Full of great lumpes of flesh and gobbets raw, + Which stunck so vildly, that it forst him slacke 175 + His grasping hold, and from her turne him backe: + Her vomit full of bookes[*] and papers was, + With loathly frogs and toades, which eyes did lacke, + And creeping sought way in the weedy gras: +Her filthy parbreake all the place defiled has. 180 + + XXI + +As when old father Nilus[*] gins to swell + With timely pride above the Aegyptian vale, + His fattie waves do fertile slime outwell, + And overflow each plaine and lowly dale: + But when his later spring gins to avale, 185 + Huge heapes of mudd he leaves, wherein there breed + Ten thousand kindes of creatures, partly male + And partly female of his fruitful seed; +Such ugly monstrous shapes elswhere may no man reed. + + XXII + +The same so sore annoyed has the knight, 190 + That welnigh choked with the deadly stinke, + His forces faile, ne can no lenger fight. + Whose corage when the feend perceiv'd to shrinke, + She poured forth out of her hellish sinke + Her fruitfull cursed spawne of serpents small, 195 + Deformed monsters, fowle, and blacke as inke, + With swarming all about his legs did crall, +And him encombred sore, but could not hurt at all. + + XXIII + +As gentle Shepheard[*] in sweete even-tide, + When ruddy Phoebus gins to welke in west, 200 + High on an hill, his flocke to vewen wide, + Markes which do byte their hasty supper best, + A cloud of combrous gnattes do him molest, + All striving to infixe their feeble stings, + That from their noyance he no where can rest, 205 + But with his clownish hands their tender wings +He brusheth oft, and oft doth mar their murmurings. + + XXIV + +Thus ill bestedd,[*] and fearefull more of shame, + Then of the certeine perill he stood in, + Halfe furious unto his foe he came, 210 + Resolv'd in minde all suddenly to win, + Or soone to lose, before he once would lin + And strooke at her with more then manly force, + That from her body full of filthie sin + He raft her hatefull head without remorse; 215 +A streame of cole black bloud forth gushed from her corse. + + XXV + +Her scattred brood,[*] soone as their Parent deare + They saw so rudely falling to the ground, + Groning full deadly, all with troublous feare, + Gathred themselves about her body round, 220 + Weening their wonted entrance to have found + At her wide mouth: but being there withstood + They flocked all about her bleeding wound, + And sucked up their dying mothers blood, +Making her death their life, and eke her hurt their good. 225 + + XXVI + +That detestable sight him much amazde, + To see th' unkindly Impes, of heaven accurst, + Devoure their dam; on whom while so he gazd, + Having all satisfide their bloudy thurst, + Their bellies swolne he saw with fulnesse burst, 230 + And bowels gushing forth: well worthy end + Of such as drunke her life, the which them nurst;[*] + Now needeth him no lenger labour spend, +His foes have slaine themselves, with whom he should contend.[*] + + XXVII + +His Ladie seeing all that chaunst, from farre 235 + Approcht in hast to greet his victorie, + And said, Faire knight, borne under happy starre,[*] + Who see your vanquisht foes before you lye: + Well worthie be you of that Armorie,[*] + Wherin ye have great glory wonne this day, 240 + And proov'd your strength on a strong enimie, + Your first adventure: many such I pray, +And henceforth ever wish that like succeed it may.[*] + + XXVIII + +Then mounted he upon his Steede againe, + And with the Lady backward sought to wend; 245 + That path he kept which beaten was most plaine, + Ne ever would to any by-way bend, + But still did follow one unto the end, + The which at last out of the wood them brought. + So forward on his way (with God to frend)[*] 250 + He passed forth, and new adventure sought; +Long way he travelled, before he heard of ought. + + XXIX + +At length they chaunst to meet upon the way + An aged Sire,[*] in long blacke weedes yclad, + His feete all bare, his beard all hoarie gray 255 + And by his belt his booke he hanging had; + Sober he seemde, and very sagely sad, + And to the ground his eyes were lowly bent, + Simple in shew, and voyde of malice bad, + And all the way he prayed, as he went, 260 +And often knockt his brest, as one that did repent. + + XXX + +He faire the knight saluted, louting low, + Who faire him quited, as that courteous was: + And after asked him, if he did know + Of straunge adventures, which abroad did pas. 265 + Ah my deare Sonne (quoth he) how should, alas, + Silly old man, that lives in hidden cell, + Bidding his beades all day for his trespas, + Tydings of warre and worldly trouble tell? +With holy father sits not with such things to mell. 270 + + XXXI + +But if of daunger which hereby doth dwell, + And homebred evil ye desire to heare, + Of a straunge man I can you tidings tell, + That wasteth all this countrey farre and neare. + Of such (said he) I chiefly do inquere, 275 + And shall you well reward to shew the place, + In which that wicked wight his dayes doth weare: + For to all knighthood it is foule disgrace, +That such a cursed creature lives so long a space. + + XXXII + +Far hence (quoth he) in wastfull wildernesse 280 + His dwelling is, by which no living wight + May ever passe, but thorough great distresse. + Now (sayd the Lady) draweth toward night, + And well I wote, that of your later fight + Ye all forwearied be: for what so strong, 285 + But wanting rest will also want of might? + The Sunne that measures heaven all day long, +At night doth baite his steedes the Ocean waves emong. + + XXXIII + +Then with the Sunne take Sir, your timely rest, + And with new day new worke at once begin: 290 + Untroubled night they say gives counsell best. + Right well Sir knight ye have advised bin, + (Quoth then that aged man;) the way to win + Is wisely to advise: now day is spent; + Therefore with me ye may take up your In[*] 295 + For this same night. The knight was well content: +So with that godly father to his home they went. + + XXXIV + +A little lowly Hermitage it was, + Downe in a dale, hard by a forests side, + Far from resort of people, that did pas 300 + In travell to and froe: a little wyde[*] + There was an holy Chappell edifyde, + Wherein the Hermite dewly wont to say + His holy things each morne and eventyde: + Thereby a Christall streame did gently play, 305 +Which from a sacred fountaine welled forth alway. + + XXXV + +Arrived there, the little house they fill, + Ne looke for entertainement, where none was: + Rest is their feast, and all things at their will: + The noblest mind the best contentment has. 310 + With faire discourse the evening so they pas: + For that old man of pleasing wordes had store, + And well could file his tongue as smooth as glas, + He told of Saintes and Popes, and evermore +He strowd an _Ave-Mary_[*] after and before. 315 + + XXXVI + +The drouping Night thus creepeth on them fast, + And the sad humour[*] loading their eye liddes, + As messenger of Morpheus[*] on them cast + Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleepe them biddes. + Unto their lodgings then his guestes he riddes: 320 + Where when all drownd in deadly sleepe he findes, + He to this study goes, and there amiddes + His Magick bookes and artes[*] of sundry kindes, +He seekes out mighty charmes, to trouble sleepy mindes. + + XXXVII + +Then choosing out few words most horrible, 325 + (Let none them read) thereof did verses frame, + With which and other spelles like terrible, + He bad awake blacke Plutoes griesly Dame,[*] + And cursed heaven and spake reprochfull shame + Of highest God, the Lord of life and light; 330 + A bold bad man, that dar'd to call by name + Great Gorgon,[*] Prince of darknesse and dead night, +At which Cocytus[*] quakes, and Styx is put to flight. + + XXXVIII + +And forth he cald out of deepe darknesse dred + Legions of Sprights,[*] the which like little flyes 335 + Fluttring about his ever damned hed, + Awaite whereto their service he applyes, + To aide his friends, or fray his enimies: + Of those he chose[*] out two, the falsest twoo, + And fittest for to forge true-seeming lyes; 340 + The one of them he gave a message too, +The other by him selfe staide other worke to doo. + + XXXIX + +He making speedy way through spersed ayre, + And through the world of waters wide and deepe, + To Morpheus house doth hastily repaire. 345 + Amid the bowels of the earth full steepe, + And low, where dawning day doth never peepe, + His dwelling is; there Tethys[*] his wet bed + Doth ever wash, and Cynthia[*] still doth steepe + In silver deaw his ever-drouping hed, 350 +Whiles sad Night over him her mantle black doth spred. + + XL + +Whose double gates[*] he findeth locked fast, + The one faire fram'd of burnisht Yvory, + The other all with silver overcast; + And wakeful dogges before them farre do lye, 355 + Watching to banish Care their enimy, + Who oft is wont to trouble gentle Sleepe. + By them the Sprite doth passe in quietly, + And unto Morpheus comes, whom drowned deepe +In drowsie fit he findes: of nothing he takes keepe. 360 + + XLI + +And more, to lulle him in his slumber soft,[*] + A trickling streame from high rock tumbling downe, + And ever-drizling raine upon the loft, + Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne + Of swarming Bees, did cast him in a swowne: 365 + No other noyse, nor peoples troublous cryes, + As still are wont t'annoy the walled towne, + Might there be heard: but carelesse Quiet lyes, +Wrapt in eternall silence farre from enemyes. + + XLII + +The messenger approching to him spake, 370 + But his wast wordes returnd to him in vaine: + So sound he slept, that nought mought him awake. + Then rudely he him thrust, and pusht with paine + Whereat he gan to stretch: but he againe + Shooke him so hard, that forced him to speake. 375 + As one then in a dreame, whose dryer braine[*] + Is tost with troubled sights and fancies weake, +He mumbled soft, but would not all[*] his silence breake. + + XLIII + +The Sprite then gan more boldly him to wake, + And threatned unto him the dreaded name 380 + Of Hecate[*]: whereat he gan to quake, + And lifting up his lumpish head, with blame + Halfe angry asked him, for what he came. + Hither (quoth he) me Archimago sent, + He that the stubborne Sprites can wisely tame, 385 + He bids thee to him send for his intent +A fit false dreame, that can delude the sleepers sent.[*] + + XLIV + +The God obayde, and, calling forth straightway + A diverse dreame out of his prison darke, + Delivered it to him, and downe did lay 390 + His heavie head, devoide of carefull carke, + Whose sences all were straight benumbed and starke. + He backe returning by the Yvorie dore, + Remounted up as light as chearefull Larke, + And on his litle winges the dreame he bore 395 +In hast unto his Lord, where he him left afore. + + XLV + +Who all this while with charmes and hidden artes, + Had made a Lady of that other Spright, + And fram'd of liquid ayre her tender partes + So lively, and so like in all mens sight, 400 + That weaker sence it could have ravisht quight: + The maker selfe, for all his wondrous witt, + Was nigh beguiled with so goodly sight: + Her all in white he clad, and over it +Cast a black stole, most like to seeme[*] for Una fit. 405 + + XLVI + +Now when that ydle dreame was to him brought, + Unto that Elfin knight he bad him fly, + Where he slept soundly void of evill thought, + And with false shewes abuse his fantasy, + In sort as he him schooled privily: 410 + And that new creature, borne without her dew,[*] + Full of the makers guile, with usage sly + He taught to imitate that Lady trew, +Whose semblance she did carrie under feigned hew. + + XLVII + +Thus well instructed, to their worke they hast, 415 + And coming where the knight in slomber lay, + The one upon his hardy head him plast + And made him dreame of loves and lustfull play, + That nigh his manly hart did melt away, + Bathed in wanton blis and wicked joy: 420 + Then seemed him his Lady by him lay, + And to him playnd, how that false winged boy, +Her chast hart had subdewd, to learne Dame Pleasures toy. + + XLVIII + +And she herselfe of beautie soveraigne Queene, + Fayre Venus[*] seemde unto his bed to bring 425 + Her, whom he waking evermore did weene, + To bee the chastest flowre, that ay did spring + On earthly braunch, the daughter of a king, + Now a loose Leman to vile service bound: + And eke the Graces[*] seemed all to sing, 430 + _Hymen Io Hymen_[*] dauncing all around, +Whilst freshest Flora[*] her with Yvie girlond crownd. + + XLIX + +In this great passion of unwonted lust, + Or wonted feare of doing ought amis, + He started up, as seeming to mistrust 435 + Some secret ill, or hidden foe of his: + Lo there before his face his Lady is, + Under blake stole hyding her bayted hooke; + And as halfe blushing offred him to kis, + With gentle blandishment and lovely looke, 440 +Most like that virgin true, which for her knight him took. + + L + +All cleane dismayd to see so uncouth sight, + And half enraged at her shamelesse guise, + He thought have slaine her in his fierce despight: + But hasty heat tempring with suffrance wise, 445 + He stayde his hand, and gan himselfe advise + To prove his sense,[*] and tempt her faigned truth. + Wringing her hands in womans pitteous wise, + Tho can she weepe,[*] to stirre up gentle ruth, +Both for her noble bloud, and for her tender youth. 450 + + LI + +And said, Ah Sir, my liege Lord and my love, + Shall I accuse the hidden cruell fate, + And mightie causes wrought in heaven above, + Or the blind God,[*] that doth me thus amate, + For hoped love to winne me certaine hate? 455 + Yet thus perforce he bids me do, or die. + Die is my dew; yet rew my wretched state + You, whom my hard avenging destinie +Hath made judge of my life or death indifferently. + + LII + +Your owne deare sake forst me at first to leave 460 + My Fathers kingdome--There she stopt with teares; + Her swollen hart her speech seemd to bereave, + And then againe begun; My weaker yeares + Captiv'd to fortune and frayle worldly feares, + Fly to your fayth for succour and sure ayde: 465 + Let me not dye in languor and long teares. + Why Dame (quoth he) what hath ye thus dismayd? +What frayes ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayd? + + LIII + +Love of your selfe, she saide, and deare constraint, + Lets me not sleepe, but wast the wearie night 470 + In secret anguish and unpittied plaint, + Whiles you in carelesse sleepe are drowned quight. + Her doubtfull words made that redoubted knight + Suspect her truth: yet since no' untruth he knew, + Her fawning love with foule disdainefull spight 475 + He would not shend; but said, Deare dame I rew, +That for my sake unknowne such griefe unto you grew. + + LIV + +Assure your selfe, it fell not all to ground;[*] + For all so deare as life is to my hart, + I deeme your love, and hold me to you bound: 480 + Ne let vaine feares procure your needlesse smart, + Where cause is none, but to your rest depart. + Not all content, yet seemd she to appease + Her mournefull plaintes, beguiled of her art, + And fed with words that could not chuse but please, 485 +So slyding softly forth, she turned as to her ease. + + LV + +Long after lay he musing at her mood, + Much griev'd to thinke that gentle Dame so light, + For whose defence he was to shed his blood. + At last, dull wearinesse of former fight 490 + Having yrockt asleepe his irkesome spright, + That troublous dreame gan freshly tosse his braine, + With bowres, and beds, and Ladies deare delight: + But when he saw his labour all was vaine, +With that misformed spright he backe returnd againe. 495 + + * * * * * + + CANTO II + + The guilefull great Enchaunter parts + the Redcrosse Knight from truth, + Into whose stead faire Falshood steps, + and workes him wofull ruth. + + I + +By this the Northerne wagoner[*] had set + His sevenfold teme[*] behind the stedfast starre,[*] + That was in Ocean waves yet never wet, + But firme is fixt, and sendeth light from farre + To all that in the wide deepe wandring arre: 5 + And chearefull Chaunticlere[*] with his note shrill + Had warned once, that Phoebus fiery carre[*] + In hast was climbing up the Easterne hill, +Full envious that night so long his roome did fill. + + II + +When those accursed messengers of hell, 10 + That feigning dreame, and that faire-forged Spright[*] + Came to their wicked maister, and gan tell + Their bootelesse paines, and ill succeeding night: + Who all in rage to see his skilfull might + Deluded so, gan threaten hellish paine 15 + And sad Proserpines wrath, them to affright. + But when he saw his threatning was but vaine, +He cast about, and searcht his baleful bookes againe. + + III + +Eftsoones he tooke that miscreated faire, + And that false other Spright, on whom he spred 20 + A seeming body of the subtile aire, + Like a young Squire, in loves and lustybed + His wanton dayes that ever loosely led, + Without regard of armes and dreaded fight: + Those two he tooke, and in a secret bed, 25 + Coverd with darknesse and misdeeming night, +Them both together laid, to joy in vaine delight. + + IV + +Forthwith he runnes with feigned faithfull hast + Unto his guest, who after troublous sights + And dreames, gan now to take more sound repast, 30 + Whom suddenly he wakes with fearfull frights, + As one aghast with feends or damned sprights, + And to him cals, Rise, rise, unhappy Swaine + That here wex old in sleepe, whiles wicked wights + Have knit themselves in Venus shameful chaine, 35 +Come see where your false Lady doth her honour staine. + + V + +All in amaze he suddenly upstart + With sword in hand, and with the old man went + Who soone him brought into a secret part + Where that false couple were full closely ment 40 + In wanton lust and leud embracement: + Which when he saw, he burnt with gealous fire, + The eye of reason was with rage yblent, + And would have slaine them in his furious ire, +But hardly was restreined of that aged sire. 45 + + VI + +Returning to his bed in torment great, + And bitter anguish of his guiltie sight, + He could not rest, but did his stout heart eat, + And wast his inward gall with deepe despight, + Yrkesome of life, and too long lingring night. 50 + At last faire Hesperus[*] in highest skie + Had spent his lampe and brought forth dawning light, + Then up he rose, and clad him hastily; +The Dwarfe him brought his steed: so both away do fly. + + VII + +Now when the rosy-fingred Morning[*] faire, 55 + Weary of aged Tithones[*] saffron bed, + Had spread her purple robe through deawy aire, + And the high hils Titan[*] discovered, + The royall virgin shooke off drowsy-hed; + And rising forth out of her baser bowre, 60 + Lookt for her knight, who far away was fled, + And for her Dwarfe, that wont to wait each houre: +Then gan she waile and weepe, to see that woefull stowre. + + VIII + +And after him she rode with so much speede + As her slow beast could make; but all in vaine: 65 + For him so far had borne his light-foot steede, + Pricked with wrath and fiery fierce disdaine, + That him to follow was but fruitlesse paine; + Yet she her weary limbes would never rest, + But every hill and dale, each wood and plaine, 70 + Did search, sore grieved in her gentle brest, +He so ungently left her, whom she loved best. + + IX + +But subtill Archimago, when his guests + He saw divided into double parts, + And Una wandring in woods and forrests, 75 + Th' end of his drift, he praisd his divelish arts, + That had such might over true meaning harts: + Yet rests not so, but other meanes doth make, + How he may worke unto her further smarts: + For her he hated as the hissing snake, 80 +And in her many troubles did most pleasure take. + + X + +He then devisde himselfe how to disguise; + For by his mightie science he could take + As many formes and shapes in seeming wise, + As ever Proteus[*] to himselfe could make: 85 + Sometime a fowle, sometime a fish in lake, + Now like a foxe, now like a dragon fell, + That of himselfe he ofte for feare would quake, + And oft would flie away. O who can tell +The hidden power of herbes[*] and might of Magicke spell? 90 + + XI + +But now seemde best the person to put on + Of that good knight, his late beguiled guest: + In mighty armes he was yclad anon: + And silver shield, upon his coward brest + A bloudy crosse, and on his craven crest 95 + A bounch of haires discolourd diversly: + Full jolly knight he seemde, and well addrest, + And when he sate upon his courser free, +Saint George himself ye would have deemed him to be. + + XII + +But he the knight, whose semblaunt he did beare, 100 + The true Saint George, was wandred far away, + Still flying from his thoughts and gealous feare; + Will was his guide, and griefe led him astray. + At last him chaunst to meete upon the way + A faithless Sarazin[*] all arm'd to point, 105 + In whose great shield was writ with letters gay + _Sans foy:_ full large of limbe and every joint +He was, and cared not for God or man a point. + + XIII + +He had a faire companion[*] of his way, + A goodly Lady clad in scarlot red, 110 + Purfled with gold and pearle of rich assay, + And like a Persian mitre on her hed + She wore, with crowns and owches garnished, + The which her lavish lovers to her gave; + Her wanton palfrey all was overspred 115 + With tinsell trappings, woven like a wave, +Whose bridle rung with golden bels and bosses brave. + + XIV + +With faire disport and courting dalliaunce + She intertainde her lover all the way: + But when she saw the knight his speare advaunce, 120 + She soone left off her mirth and wanton play, + And bade her knight addresse him to the fray: + His foe was nigh at hand. He prickt with pride + And hope to winne his Ladies heart that day, + Forth spurred fast: adowne his coursers side 125 +The red bloud trickling staind the way, as he did ride. + + XV + +The knight of the Redcrosse when him he spide, + Spurring so hote with rage dispiteous, + Gan fairely couch his speare, and towards ride: + Soone meete they both, both fell and furious, 130 + That daunted with their forces hideous, + Their steeds do stagger, and amazed stand, + And eke themselves, too rudely rigorous, + Astonied with the stroke of their owne hand +Doe backe rebut, and each to other yeeldeth land. 135 + + XVI + +As when two rams[*] stird with ambitious pride, + Fight for the rule of the rich fleeced flocke, + Their horned fronts so fierce on either side + Do meete, that with the terrour of the shocke + Astonied both, stand sencelesse as a blocke, 140 + Forgetfull of the hanging victory:[*] + So stood these twaine, unmoved as a rocke, + Both staring fierce, and holding idely +The broken reliques[*] of their former cruelty. + + XVII + +The Sarazin sore daunted with the buffe 145 + Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies; + Who well it wards, and quyteth cuff with cuff: + Each others equall puissaunce envies,[*] + And through their iron sides[*] with cruell spies + Does seeke to perce: repining courage yields 150 + No foote to foe. The flashing fier flies + As from a forge out of their burning shields, +And streams of purple bloud new dies the verdant fields. + + XVIII + +Curse on that Crosse (quoth then the Sarazin), + That keepes thy body from the bitter fit;[*] 155 + Dead long ygoe I wote thou haddest bin, + Had not that charme from thee forwarned it: + But yet I warne thee now assured sitt,[*] + And hide thy head. Therewith upon his crest + With rigour so outrageous[*] he smitt, 160 + That a large share[*] it hewd out of the rest, +And glauncing down his shield from blame him fairly blest.[*] + + XIX + +Who thereat wondrous wroth, the sleeping spark + Of native vertue gan eftsoones revive, + And at his haughtie helmet making mark, 165 + So hugely stroke, that it the steele did rive, + And cleft his head. He tumbling downe alive, + With bloudy mouth his mother earth did kis. + Greeting his grave: his grudging[*] ghost did strive + With the fraile flesh; at last it flitted is, 170 +Whither the soules do fly of men that live amis. + + XX + +The Lady when she saw her champion fall, + Like the old ruines of a broken towre, + Staid not to waile his woefull funerall, + But from him fled away with all her powre; 175 + Who after her as hastily gan scowre, + Bidding the Dwarfe with him to bring away + The Sarazins shield, signe of the conqueroure. + Her soone he overtooke, and bad to stay, +For present cause was none of dread her to dismay. 180 + + XXI + +She turning backe with ruefull countenaunce, + Cride, Mercy mercy Sir vouchsafe to show + On silly Dame, subject to hard mischaunce, + And to your mighty will. Her humblesse low + In so ritch weedes and seeming glorious show, 185 + Did much emmove his stout heroicke heart, + And said, Deare dame, your suddin overthrow + Much rueth me; but now put feare apart, +And tell, both who ye be, and who that tooke your part. + + XXII + +Melting in teares, then gan she thus lament; 190 + The wretched woman, whom unhappy howre + Hath now made thrall to your commandement, + Before that angry heavens list to lowre, + And fortune false betraide me to your powre, + Was, (O what now availeth that I was!) 195 + Borne the sole daughter of an Emperour,[*] + He that the wide West under his rule has, +And high hath set his throne, where Tiberis doth pas. + + XXIII + +He in the first flowre of my freshest age, + Betrothed me unto the onely haire[*] 200 + Of a most mighty king, most rich and sage; + Was never Prince so faithfull and so faire, + Was never Prince so meeke and debonaire; + But ere my hoped day of spousall shone, + My dearest Lord fell from high honours staire 205 + Into the hands of his accursed fone, +And cruelly was slaine, that shall I ever mone. + + XXIV + +His blessed body spoild of lively breath, + Was afterward, I know not how, convaid + And fro me hid: of whose most innocent death 210 + When tidings came to me, unhappy maid, + O how great sorrow my sad soule assaid. + Then forth I went his woefull corse to find, + And many yeares throughout the world I straid, + A virgin widow, whose deepe wounded mind 215 +With love long time did languish as the striken hind. + + XXV + +At last it chaunced this proud Sarazin + To meete me wandring, who perforce me led + With him away, but yet could never win + The Fort, that Ladies hold in soveraigne dread; 220 + There lies he now with foule dishonour dead, + Who whiles he livde, was called proud Sansfoy, + The eldest of three brethren, all three bred + Of one bad sire, whose youngest is Sansjoy; +And twixt them both was born the bloudy bold Sansloy. 225 + + XXVI + +In this sad plight, friendlesse, unfortunate, + Now miserable I Fidessa dwell, + Craving of you in pitty of my state, + To do none ill, if please ye not do well. + He in great passion all this while did dwell, 230 + More busying his quicke eyes, her face to view, + Then his dull eares, to heare what she did tell; + And said, Faire Lady hart of flint would rew +The undeserved woes and sorrowes which ye shew. + + XXVII + +Henceforth in safe assuraunce may ye rest, 235 + Having both found a new friend you to aid, + And lost an old foe that did you molest: + Better new friend then an old foe is said. + With chaunge of cheare the seeming simple maid + Let fall her eyen, as shamefast to the earth, 240 + And yeelding soft, in that she nought gain-said, + So forth they rode, he feining seemely merth, +And she coy lookes: so dainty they say maketh derth.[*] + + XXVIII + +Long time they thus together traveiled, + Till weary of their way, they came at last 245 + Where grew two goodly trees, that faire did spred + Their armes abroad, with gray mosse overcast, + And their greene leaves trembling with every blast, + Made a calme shadow far in compasse round: + The fearfull Shepheard often there aghast 250 + Under them never sat, ne wont there sound[*] +His mery oaten pipe, but shund th' unlucky ground. + + XXIX + +But this good knight soone as he them can spie, + For the cool shade[*] him thither hastly got: + For golden Phoebus now ymounted hie, 255 + From fiery wheeles of his faire chariot + Hurled his beame so scorching cruell hot, + That living creature mote it not abide; + And his new Lady it endured not. + There they alight, in hope themselves to hide 260 +From the fierce heat, and rest their weary limbs a tide. + + XXX + +Faire seemely pleasaunce[*] each to other makes, + With goodly purposes[*] there as they sit: + And in his falsed fancy he her takes + To be the fairest wight that lived yit; 265 + Which to expresse he bends his gentle wit, + And thinking of those braunches greene to frame + A girlond for her dainty forehead fit, + He pluckt a bough;[*] out of whose rift there came +Small drops of gory bloud, that trickled down the same. 270 + + XXXI + +Therewith a piteous yelling voyce was heard, + Crying, O spare with guilty hands[*] to teare + My tender sides in this rough rynd embard, + But fly, ah fly far hence away, for feare + Least to you hap, that happened to me heare, 275 + And to this wretched Lady, my deare love, + O too deare love, love bought with death too deare. + Astond he stood, and up his haire did hove, +And with that suddein horror could no member move. + + XXXII + +At last whenas the dreadfull passion 280 + Was overpast, and manhood well awake, + Yet musing at the straunge occasion, + And doubting much his sence, he thus bespake; + What voyce of damned Ghost from Limbo lake,[*] + Or guilefull spright wandring in empty aire, 285 + Both which fraile men do oftentimes mistake, + Sends to my doubtfull eares these speaches rare, +And ruefull plaints, me bidding guiltlesse bloud to spare? + + XXXIII + +Then groning deepe, Nor damned Ghost, (quoth he,) + Nor guileful sprite to thee these wordes doth speake, 290 + But once a man Fradubio,[*] now a tree, + Wretched man, wretched tree; whose nature weake + A cruell witch her cursed will to wreake, + Hath thus transformd, and plast in open plaines, + Where Boreas doth blow full bitter bleake, 295 + And scorching Sunne does dry my secret vaines: +For though a tree I seeme, yet cold and heat me paines. + + XXXIV + +Say on Fradubio then, or man, or tree, + Quoth then the knight, by whose mischievous arts + Art thou misshaped thus, as now I see? 300 + He oft finds med'cine, who his griefe imparts; + But double griefs afflict concealing harts, + As raging flames who striveth to suppresse. + The author then (said he) of all my smarts, + Is one Duessa a false sorceresse, 305 +That many errant knights hath brought to wretchednesse. + + XXXV + +In prime of youthly yeares, when corage hot + The fire of love and joy of chevalree + First kindled in my brest, it was my lot + To love this gentle Lady, whom ye see, 310 + Now not a Lady, but a seeming tree; + With whom as once I rode accompanyde, + Me chaunced of a knight encountred bee, + That had a like faire Lady by his syde, +Like a faire Lady, but did fowle Duessa hyde. 315 + + XXXVI + +Whose forged beauty he did take in hand, + All other Dames to have exceeded farre; + I in defence of mine did likewise stand, + Mine, that did then shine as the Morning starre. + So both to battell fierce arraunged arre, 320 + In which his harder fortune was to fall + Under my speare: such is the dye of warre: + His Lady left as a prise martiall, +Did yield her comely person to be at my call. + + XXXVII + +So doubly lov'd of Ladies unlike faire, 325 + Th' one seeming such, the other such indeede, + One day in doubt I cast for to compare, + Whether in beauties glorie did exceede; + A Rosy girlond was the victors meede: + Both seemde to win, and both seemde won to bee, 330 + So hard the discord was to be agreede. + Fraelissa was as faire, as faire mote bee, +And ever false Duessa seemde as faire as shee. + + XXXVIII + +The wicked witch now seeing all this while + The doubtfull ballaunce equally to sway, 335 + What not by right, she cast to win by guile, + And by her hellish science raisd streightway + A foggy mist, that overcast the day, + And a dull blast, that breathing on her face, + Dimmed her former beauties shining ray, 340 + And with foule ugly forme did her disgrace: +Then was she faire alone, when none was faire in place.[*] + + XXXIX + +Then cride she out, Fye, fye, deformed wight, + Whose borrowed beautie now appeareth plaine + To have before bewitched all mens sight; 345 + O leave her soone, or let her soone be slaine. + Her loathly visage viewing with disdaine, + Eftsoones I thought her such, as she me told, + And would have kild her; but with faigned paine + The false witch did my wrathfull hand with-hold; 350 +So left her, where she now is turnd to treen mould.[*] + + XL + +Then forth I tooke Duessa for my Dame, + And in the witch unweeting joyd long time, + Ne ever wist but that she was the same,[*] + Till on a day (that day is every Prime, 355 + When Witches wont do penance for their crime) + I chaunst to see her in her proper hew,[*] + Bathing her selfe in origane and thyme: + A filthy foule old woman I did vew, +That ever to have toucht her I did deadly rew. 360 + + XLI + +Her neather parts misshapen, monstruous, + Were hidd in water, that I could not see. + But they did seeme more foule and hideous, + Then womans shape man would beleeve to bee. + Thensforth from her most beastly companie 365 + I gan refraine, in minde to slip away, + Soone as appeard safe opportunitie: + For danger great, if not assur'd decay, +I saw before mine eyes, if I were knowne to stray. + + XLII + +The divelish hag by chaunges of my cheare[*] 370 + Perceiv'd my thought, and drownd in sleepie night,[*] + With wicked herbs and ointments did besmeare + My body all, through charms and magicke might, + That all my senses were bereaved quight: + Then brought she me into this desert waste, 375 + And by my wretched lovers side me pight, + Where now enclosd in wooden wals full faste, +Banisht from living wights, our wearie dayes we waste. + + XLIII + +But how long time, said then the Elfin knight, + Are you in this misformed house to dwell? 380 + We may not chaunge (quoth he) this evil plight, + Till we be bathed in a living well;[*] + That is the terme prescribed by the spell. + O how, said he, mote I that well out find, + That may restore you to your wonted well? 385 + Time and suffised fates to former kynd +Shall us restore, none else from hence may us unbynd. + + XLIV + +The false Duessa, now Fidessa hight, + Heard how in vaine Fradubio did lament, + And knew well all was true. But the good knight 390 + Full of sad feare and ghastly dreriment, + When all this speech the living tree had spent, + The bleeding bough did thrust into the ground, + That from the bloud he might be innocent, + And with fresh clay did close the wooden wound: 395 +Then turning to his Lady, dead with feare her found. + + XLV + +Her seeming dead he found with feigned feare, + As all unweeting of that well she knew, + And paynd himselfe with busie care to reare + Her out of carelesse swowne. Her eyelids blew 400 + And dimmed sight with pale and deadly hew + At last she up gan lift: with trembling cheare + Her up he tooke, too simple and too trew, + And oft her kist. At length all passed feare,[*] +He set her on her steede, and forward forth did beare. 405 + + * * * * * + + CANTO III + + Forsaken Truth long seekes her love, + and makes the Lyon mylde, + Marres blind Devotions mart, and fals + in hand of leachour vylde. + + I + +Nought is there under heav'ns wide hollownesse, + That moves more deare compassion of mind, + Then beautie brought t' unworthy wretchednesse + Through envies snares, or fortunes freakes unkind. + I, whether lately through her brightnesse blind, 5 + Or through alleageance and fast fealtie, + Which I do owe unto all woman kind, + Feele my hart perst with so great agonie, +When such I see, that all for pittie I could die. + + II + +And now it is empassioned so deepe, 10 + For fairest Unaes sake, of whom I sing, + That my fraile eyes these lines with teares do steepe, + To thinke how she through guilefull handeling, + Though true as touch,[*] though daughter of a king, + Though faire as ever living wight was faire, 15 + Though nor in word nor deede ill meriting, + Is from her knight divorced in despaire, +And her due loves[*] deriv'd to that vile witches share. + + III + +Yet she most faithfull Ladie all this while + Forsaken, wofull, solitarie mayd 20 + Far from all peoples prease, as in exile, + In wildernesse and wastfull deserts strayd, + To seeke her knight; who subtilly betrayd + Through that late vision, which th' Enchaunter wrought, + Had her abandond. She of nought affrayd, 25 + Through woods and wastnesse wide him daily sought; +Yet wished tydings[*] none of him unto her brought. + + IV + +One day nigh wearie of the yrkesome way, + From her unhastie beast she did alight, + And on the grasse her daintie limbes did lay 30 + In secret shadow, farre from all mens sight: + From her faire head her fillet she undight, + And laid her stole aside. Her angels face + As the great eye of heaven[*] shyned bright, + And made a sunshine in the shadie place; 35 +Did never mortall eye behold such heavenly grace. + + V + +It fortuned out of the thickest wood + A ramping Lyon[*] rushed suddainly, + Hunting full greedy after salvage blood; + Soone as the royall virgin he did spy, 40 + With gaping mouth at her ran greedily, + To have attonce devourd her tender corse: + But to the pray when as he drew more ny, + His bloody rage asswaged with remorse, +And with the sight amazd, forgat his furious forse. 45 + + VI + +In stead thereof he kist her wearie feet, + And lickt her lilly hands with fawning tong, + As he her wronged innocence did weet. + O how can beautie maister the most strong, + And simple truth subdue avenging wrong? 50 + Whose yeelded pride[*] and proud submission, + Still dreading death, when she had marked long, + Her hart gan melt in great compassion, +And drizling teares did shed for pure affection. + + VII + +The Lyon Lord of every beast in field, 55 + Quoth she, his princely puissance doth abate, + And mightie proud to humble weake does yield, + Forgetfull of the hungry rage, which late + Him prickt, in pittie of my sad estate: + But he my Lyon, and my noble Lord, 60 + How does he find in cruell hart to hate, + Her that him lov'd, and ever most adord, +As the God of my life? why hath he me abhord? + + VIII + +Redounding teares did choke th' end of her plaint, + Which softly ecchoed from the neighbour wood; 65 + And sad to see her sorrowfull constraint + The kingly beast upon her gazing stood; + With pittie calmd, downe fell his angry mood. + At last in close hart shutting up her paine, + Arose the virgin borne of heavenly brood, 70 + And to her snowy Palfrey got againe, +To seeke her strayed Champion, if she might attaine. + + IX + +The Lyon would not leave her desolate, + But with her went along, as a strong gard + Of her chast person, and a faithfull mate 75 + Of her sad troubles and misfortunes hard: + Still when she slept, he kept both watch and ward,[*] + And when she wakt, he waited diligent, + With humble service to her will prepard: + From her faire eyes he tooke commaundement, 80 +And ever by her lookes conceived her intent. + + X + +Long she thus traveiled through deserts wyde, + By which she thought her wandring knight shold pas, + Yet never shew of living wight espyde; + Till that at length she found the troden gras, 85 + In which the tract of peoples footing was, + Under the steepe foot of a mountaine hore; + The same she followes, till at last she has + A damzell spyde[*] slow footing her before, +That on her shoulders sad a pot of water bore. 90 + + XI + +To whom approching she to her gan call, + To weet, if dwelling place were nigh at hand; + But the rude wench her answerd nought at all; + She could not heare, nor speake, nor understand; + Till seeing by her side the Lyon stand, 95 + With suddaine feare her pitcher downe she threw, + And fled away: for never in that land + Face of faire Ladie she before did vew, +And that dread Lyons looke her cast in deadly hew.[*] + + XII + +Full fast she fled, ne never lookt behynd, 100 + As if her life upon the wager lay,[*] + And home she came, whereas her mother blynd[*] + Sate in eternall night: nought could she say, + But suddaine catching hold, did her dismay + With quaking hands, and other signes of feare; 105 + Who full of ghastly fright and cold affray, + Gan shut the dore. By this arrived there +Dame Una, wearie Dame, and entrance did requere. + + XIII + +Which when none yeelded, her unruly Page[*] + With his rude claws the wicket open rent, 110 + And let her in; where of his cruell rage + Nigh dead with feare, and faint astonishment, + She found them both in darkesome corner pent; + Where that old woman day and night did pray + Upon her beads devoutly penitent; 115 + Nine hundred _Pater nosters_[*] every day, +And thrise nine hundred _Aves_ she was wont to say. + + XIV + +And to augment her painefull pennance more, + Thrise every weeke in ashes she did sit, + And next her wrinkled skin rough sackcloth wore, 120 + And thrise three times did fast from any bit: + But now for feare her beads she did forget. + Whose needlesse dread for to remove away, + Faire Una framed words and count'nance fit: + Which hardly doen, at length she gan them pray, 125 +That in their cotage small that night she rest her may. + + XV + +The day is spent, and commeth drowsie night, + When every creature shrowded is in sleepe; + Sad Una downe her laies in wearie plight, + And at her feete the Lyon watch doth keepe: 130 + In stead of rest, she does lament, and weepe + For the late losse of her deare loved knight, + And sighes, and grones, and ever more does steepe + Her tender brest in bitter teares all night, +All night she thinks too long, and often lookes for light. 135 + + XVI + +Now when Aldeboran[*] was mounted hie + Above the shynie Cassiopeias chaire,[*] + And all in deadly sleepe did drowned lie, + One knocked at the dore,[*] and in would fare; + He knocked fast, and often curst, and sware, 140 + That readie entrance was not at his call: + For on his backe a heavy load he bare + Of nightly stelths, and pillage severall, +Which he had got abroad by purchase criminall. + + XVII + +He was, to weete, a stout and sturdy thiefe, 145 + Wont to robbe Churches of their ornaments, + And poore mens boxes of their due reliefe, + Which given was to them for good intents; + The holy Saints of their rich vestiments + He did disrobe, when all men carelesse slept, 150 + And spoild the Priests of their habiliments, + Whiles none the holy things in safety kept; +Then he by conning sleights in at the window crept. + + XVIII + +And all that he by right or wrong could find, + Unto this house he brought, and did bestow 155 + Upon the daughter of this woman blind, + Abessa, daughter of Corceca slow, + With whom he whoredome usd, that few did know, + And fed her fat with feast of offerings, + And plentie, which in all the land did grow; 160 + Ne spared he to give her gold and rings: +And now he to her brought part of his stolen things. + + XIX + +Thus long the dore with rage and threats he bet, + Yet of those fearfull women none durst rize, + The Lyon frayed them, him in to let: 165 + He would no longer stay him to advize,[*] + But open breakes the dore in furious wize, + And entring is; when that disdainfull beast + Encountring fierce, him suddaine doth surprize, + And seizing cruell clawes on trembling brest, 170 +Under his Lordly foot him proudly hath supprest. + + XX + +Him booteth not resist,[*] nor succour call, + His bleeding hart is in the vengers hand, + Who streight him rent in thousand peeces small, + And quite dismembred hath: the thirsty land 175 + Drunke up his life; his corse left on the strand. + His fearefull friends weare out the wofull night, + Ne dare to weepe, nor seeme to understand + The heavie hap, which on them is alight, +Affraid, least to themselves the like mishappen might. 180 + + XXI + +Now when broad day the world discovered has, + Up Una rose, up rose the Lyon eke, + And on their former journey forward pas, + In wayes unknowne, her wandring knight to seeke, + With paines farre passing that long wandring Greeke,[*] 185 + That for his love refused deitie; + Such were the labours of his Lady meeke, + Still seeking him, that from her still did flie; +Then furthest from her hope, when most she weened nie. + + XXII + +Soone as she parted thence, the fearfull twaine, 190 + That blind old woman and her daughter deare,[*] + Came forth, and finding Kirkrapine there slaine, + For anguish great they gan to rend their heare, + And beat their brests, and naked flesh to teare. + And when they both had wept and wayld their fill, 195 + Then forth they ran like two amazed deare, + Halfe mad through malice, and revenging will, +To follow her, that was the causer of their ill. + + XXIII + +Whom overtaking, they gan loudly bray, + With hollow howling, and lamenting cry, 200 + Shamefully at her rayling all the way, + And her accusing of dishonesty, + That was the flowre of faith and chastity; + And still amidst her rayling, she did pray, + That plagues, and mischiefs, and long misery 205 + Might fall on her, and follow all the way, +And that in endlesse error she might ever stray. + + XXIV + +But when she saw her prayers nought prevaile, + She backe returned with some labour lost; + And in the way as shee did weepe and waile, 210 + A knight her met in mighty armes embost, + Yet knight was not for all his bragging bost, + But subtill Archimag, that Una sought + By traynes into new troubles to have tost: + Of that old woman tidings he besought, 215 +If that of such a Ladie she could tellen ought. + + XXV + +Therewith she gan her passion to renew, + And cry, and curse, and raile, and rend her heare, + Saying, that harlot she too lately knew, + That caused her shed so many a bitter teare, 220 + And so forth told the story of her feare: + Much seemed he to mone her haplesse chaunce, + And after for that Ladie did inquere; + Which being taught, he forward gan advaunce +His fair enchaunted steed, and eke his charmed launce. 225 + + XXVI + +Ere long he came where Una traveild slow, + And that wilde Champion wayting her besyde: + Whom seeing such, for dread he durst not show + Himselfe too nigh at hand, but turned wyde + Unto an hill; from whence when she him spyde, 230 + By his like seeming shield, her knight by name + She weend it was, and towards him gan ryde: + Approaching nigh, she wist it was the same, +And with faire fearefull humblesse towards him shee came: + + XXVII + +And weeping said, Ah my long lacked Lord, 235 + Where have ye bene thus long out of my sight? + Much feared I to have bene quite abhord, + Or ought have done,[*] that ye displeasen might, + That should as death[*] unto my deare heart light: + For since mine eye your joyous sight did mis, 240 + My chearefull day is turnd to chearelesse night, + And eke my night of death the shadow is; +But welcome now my light, and shining lampe of blis. + + XXVIII + +He thereto meeting said, My dearest Dame, + Farre be it from your thought, and fro my will, 245 + To thinke that knighthood I so much should shame, + As you to leave, that have me loved still, + And chose in Faery court[*] of meere goodwill, + Where noblest knights were to be found on earth: + The earth shall sooner leave her kindly skill,[*] 250 + To bring forth fruit, and make eternall derth, +Then I leave you, my liefe, yborne of heavenly berth. + + XXIX + +And sooth to say, why I left you so long, + Was for to seeke adventure in strange place, + Where Archimago said a felon strong 255 + To many knights did daily worke disgrace; + But knight he now shall never more deface: + Good cause of mine excuse; that mote ye please + Well to accept, and evermore embrace + My faithfull service, that by land and seas 260 +Have vowd you to defend: now then your plaint appease. + + XXX + +His lovely words her seemd due recompence + Of all her passed paines: one loving howre + For many yeares of sorrow can dispence: + A dram of sweet is worth a pound of sowre: 265 + She has forgot, how many a woful stowre + For him she late endurd; she speakes no more + Of past: true is, that true love hath no powre + To looken backe; his eyes be fixt before. +Before her stands her knight, for whom she toyld so sore. 270 + + XXXI + +Much like, as when the beaten marinere, + That long hath wandred in the Ocean wide, + Oft soust in swelling Tethys saltish teare, + And long time having tand his tawney hide + With blustring breath of heaven, that none can bide, 275 + And scorching flames of fierce Orions hound,[*] + Soone as the port from farre he has espide, + His chearefull whistle merrily doth sound, +And Nereus crownes with cups[*]; his mates him pledg around. + + XXXII + +Such joy made Una, when her knight she found; 280 + And eke th' enchaunter joyous seemd no lesse, + Then the glad marchant, that does vew from ground[*] + His ship farre come from watrie wildernesse, + He hurles out vowes, and Neptune oft doth blesse: + So forth they past, and all the way they spent 285 + Discoursing of her dreadful late distresse, + In which he askt her, what the Lyon ment: +Who told her all that fell in journey as she went. + + XXXIII + +They had not ridden farre, when they might see + One pricking towards them with hastie heat, 290 + Full strongly armd, and on a courser free, + That through his fiercenesse fomed all with sweat, + And the sharpe yron did for anger eat, + When his hot ryder spurd his chauffed side; + His looke was sterne, and seemed still to threat 295 + Cruell revenge, which he in hart did hyde, +And on his shield _Sans loy_[*] in bloudie lines was dyde. + + XXXIV + +When nigh he drew unto this gentle payre + And saw the Red-crosse, which the knight did beare, + He burnt in fire, and gan eftsoones prepare 300 + Himselfe to battell with his couched speare. + Loth was that other, and did faint through feare, + To taste th' untryed dint of deadly steele; + But yet his Lady did so well him cheare, + That hope of new goodhap he gan to feele; 305 +So bent his speare, and spurd his horse with yron heele. + + XXXV + +But that proud Paynim forward came so fierce, + And full of wrath, that with his sharp-head speare, + Through vainly crossed shield[*] he quite did pierce, + And had his staggering steede not shrunke for feare, 310 + Through shield and bodie eke he should him beare: + Yet so great was the puissance of his push, + That from his saddle quite he did him beare: + He tombling rudely downe to ground did rush, +And from his gored wound a well of bloud did gush. 315 + + XXXVI + +Dismounting lightly from his loftie steed, + He to him lept, in mind to reave his life, + And proudly said, Lo there the worthie meed + Of him that slew Sansfoy with bloudie knife; + Henceforth his ghost freed from repining strife, 320 + In peace may passen over Lethe lake,[*] + When mourning altars purgd with enemies life, + The blacke infernall Furies[*] doen aslake: +Life from Sansfoy thou tookst, Sansloy shall from thee take. + + XXXVII + +Therewith in haste his helmet gan unlace,[*] 325 + Till Una cried, O hold that heavie hand, + Deare Sir, what ever that thou be in place: + Enough is, that thy foe doth vanquisht stand + Now at thy mercy: Mercie not withstand: + For he is one the truest knight alive, 330 + Though conquered now he lie on lowly land, + And whilest him fortune favourd, faire did thrive +In bloudie field: therefore of life him not deprive. + + XXXVIII + +Her piteous words might not abate his rage, + But rudely rending up his helmet, would 335 + Have slaine him straight: but when he sees his age, + And hoarie head of Archimago old, + His hasty hand he doth amazed hold, + And halfe ashamed, wondred at the sight: + For that old man well knew he, though untold, 340 + In charmes and magicke to have wondrous might, +Ne ever wont in field,[*] ne in round lists to fight; + + XXXIX + +And said, Why Archimago, lucklesse syre, + What doe I see? what hard mishap is this, + That hath thee hither brought to taste mine yre? 345 + Or thine the fault, or mine the error is, + Instead of foe to wound my friend amis? + He answered nought, but in a traunce still lay, + And on those guilefull dazed eyes of his + The cloude of death did sit. Which doen away, 350 +He left him lying so, ne would no lenger stay: + + XL + +But to the virgin comes, who all this while + Amased stands, her selfe so mockt to see + By him, who has the guerdon of his guile, + For so misfeigning her true knight to bee: 355 + Yet is she now in more perplexitie, + Left in the hand of that same Paynim bold, + From whom her booteth not at all to flie; + Who, by her cleanly garment catching hold, +Her from her Palfrey pluckt, her visage to behold. 360 + + XLI + +But her fierce servant, full of kingly awe + And high disdaine, whenas his soveraine Dame + So rudely handled by her foe he sawe, + With gaping jawes full greedy at him came, + And ramping on his shield, did weene the same 365 + Have reft away with his sharpe rending clawes: + But he was stout, and lust did now inflame + His corage more, that from his griping pawes +He hath his shield redeem'd, and foorth his swerd he drawes. + + XLII + +O then too weake and feeble was the forse 370 + Of salvage beast, his puissance to withstand: + For he was strong, and of so mightie corse, + As ever wielded speare in warlike hand, + And feates of armes did wisely understand. + Eftsoones he perced through his chaufed chest 375 + With thrilling point of deadly yron brand, + And launcht his Lordly hart: with death opprest +He roar'd aloud, whiles life forsooke his stubborne brest. + + XLIII + +Who now is left to keepe the forlorne maid + From raging spoile of lawlesse victors will? 380 + Her faithfull gard remov'd, her hope dismaid, + Her selfe a yielded pray to save or spill. + He now Lord of the field, his pride to fill, + With foule reproches, and disdainfull spight + Her vildly entertaines, and will or nill, 385 + Beares her away upon his courser light: +Her prayers nought prevaile, his rage is more of might.[*] + + XLIV + +And all the way, with great lamenting paine, + And piteous plaints she filleth his dull eares, + That stony hart could riven have in twaine, 390 + And all the way she wets with flowing teares: + But he enrag'd with rancor, nothing heares. + Her servile beast yet would not leave her so, + But followes her farre off, ne ought he feares, + To be partaker of her wandring woe, 395 +More mild in beastly kind, then that her beastly foe. + + * * * * * + + CANTO IV + + To sinfull house of Pride, Duessa + guides the faithfull knight, + Where brother's death to wreak Sansjoy + doth chalenge him to fight. + + I + +Young knight whatever that dost armes professe, + And through long labours huntest after fame, + Beware of fraud, beware of ficklenesse, + In choice, and change of thy deare loved Dame, + Least thou of her beleeve too lightly blame, 5 + And rash misweening doe thy hart remove: + For unto knight there is no greater shame, + Then lightnesse and inconstancie in love; +That doth this Redcrosse knights ensample plainly prove. + + II + +Who after that he had faire Una lorne, 10 + Through light misdeeming of her loialtie, + And false Duessa in her sted had borne, + Called Fidess', and so supposd to bee; + Long with her traveild, till at last they see + A goodly building, bravely garnished, 15 + The house of mightie Prince it seemd to bee: + And towards it a broad high way that led, +All bare through peoples feet, which thither traveiled. + + III + +Great troupes of people traveild thitherward + Both day and night, of each degree and place,[*] 20 + But few returned, having scaped hard,[*] + With balefull beggerie, or foule disgrace; + Which ever after in most wretched case, + Like loathsome lazars,[*] by the hedges lay. + Thither Duessa bad him bend his pace: 25 + For she is wearie of the toilesome way, +And also nigh consumed is the lingring day. + + IV + +A stately Pallace built of squared bricke, + Which cunningly was without morter laid, + Whose wals were high, but nothing strong, nor thick, 30 + And golden foile all over them displaid, + That purest skye with brightnesse they dismaid: + High lifted up were many loftie towres, + And goodly galleries farre over laid, + Full of faire windowes and delightful bowres; 35 +And on the top a Diall told the timely howres. + + V + +It was a goodly heape for to behould, + And spake the praises of the workmans wit; + But full great pittie, that so faire a mould + Did on so weake foundation ever sit: 40 + For on a sandie hill, that still did flit + And fall away, it mounted was full hie, + That every breath of heaven shaked it: + And all the hinder parts, that few could spie, +Were ruinous and old, but painted cunningly. 45 + + VI + +Arrived there, they passed in forth right; + For still to all the gates stood open wide: + Yet charge of them was to a Porter hight + Cald Malvenu,[*] who entrance none denide: + Thence to the hall, which was on every side 50 + With rich array and costly arras dight: + Infinite sorts of people did abide + There waiting long, to win the wished sight +Of her that was the Lady of that Pallace bright. + + VII + +By them they passe, all gazing on them round, 55 + And to the Presence mount; whose glorious vew + Their frayle amazed senses did confound: + In living Princes court none ever knew + Such endlesse richesse, and so sumptuous shew; + Ne Persia selfe, the nourse of pompous pride 60 + Like ever saw. And there a noble crew + Of Lordes and Ladies stood on every side, +Which with their presence faire the place much beautifide. + + VIII + +High above all a cloth of State was spred, + And a rich throne, as bright as sunny day, 65 + On which there sate most brave embellished + With royall robes and gorgeous array, + A mayden Queene, that shone as Titans ray, + In glistring gold, and peerelesse pretious stone: + Yet her bright blazing beautie did assay 70 + To dim the brightnesse of her glorious throne, +As envying her selfe, that too exceeding shone. + + IX + +Exceeding shone, like Phoebus fairest childe,[*] + That did presume his fathers firie wayne, + And flaming mouthes of steedes unwonted wilde 75 + Through highest heaven with weaker hand to rayne; + Proud of such glory and advancement vaine, + While flashing beames do daze his feeble eyen, + He leaves the welkin way most beaten plaine, + And rapt with whirling wheeles, inflames the skyen, 80 +With fire not made to burne, but fairely for to shyne. + + X + +So proud she shyned in her Princely state, + Looking to heaven; for earth she did disdayne: + And sitting high; for lowly she did hate: + Lo underneath her scornefull feete was layne 85 + A dreadfull Dragon[*] with an hideous trayne, + And in her hand she held a mirrhour bright, + Wherein her face she often vewed fayne, + And in her selfe-lov'd semblance tooke delight; +For she was wondrous faire, as any living wight. 90 + + XI + +Of griesly Pluto she the daughter was, + And sad Proserpina the Queene of hell; + Yet did she thinke her pearlesse worth to pas + That parentage,[*] with pride so did she swell; + And thundring Jove, that high in heaven doth dwell, 95 + And wield the world, she claymed for her syre, + Or if that any else did Jove excell: + For to the highest she did still aspyre, +Or if ought higher were then that, did it desyre. + + XII + +And proud Lucifera men did her call, 100 + That made her selfe a Queene, and crownd to be, + Yet rightfull kingdome she had none at all, + Ne heritage of native soveraintie, + But did usurpe with wrong and tyrannie + Upon the scepter, which she now did hold: 105 + Ne ruld her Realmes with lawes, but pollicie, + And strong advizement of six wisards old,[*] +That with their counsels bad her kingdome did uphold. + + XIII + +Soone as the Elfin knight in presence came, + And false Duessa seeming Lady faire, 110 + A gentle Husher, Vanitie by name + Made rowme, and passage for them did prepaire: + So goodly brought them to the lowest staire + Of her high throne, where they on humble knee + Making obeyssance, did the cause declare, 115 + Why they were come, her royall state to see, +To prove the wide report of her great Majestee. + + XIV + +With loftie eyes, halfe loth to looke so low, + She thanked them in her disdainefull wise; + Ne other grace vouchsafed them to show 120 + Of Princesse worthy, scarse them bad arise. + Her Lordes and Ladies all this while devise + Themselves to setten forth to straungers sight: + Some frounce their curled haire in courtly guise, + Some prancke their ruffes, and others trimly dight 125 +Their gay attire: each others greater pride does spight. + + XV + +Goodly they all that knight do entertaine, + Right glad with him to have increast their crew: + But to Duess' each one himselfe did paine + All kindnesse and faire courtesie to shew; 130 + For in that court whylome her well they knew: + Yet the stout Faerie mongst the middest crowd + Thought all their glorie vaine in knightly vew, + And that great Princesse too exceeding prowd, +That to strange knight no better countenance allowd. 135 + + XVI + +Suddein upriseth from her stately place + The royall Dame, and for her coche did call: + All hurtlen forth, and she with Princely pace, + As faire Aurora in her purple pall, + Out of the east the dawning day doth call: 140 + So forth she comes: her brightnesse brode doth blaze; + The heapes of people thronging in the hall, + Do ride each other, upon her to gaze: +Her glorious glitterand light doth all mens eyes amaze. + + XVII + +So forth she comes, and to her coche[*] does clyme, 145 + Adorned all with gold, and girlonds gay, + That seemd as fresh as Flora in her prime, + And strove to match, in royall rich array, + Great Junoes golden chaire, the which they say + The Gods stand gazing on, when she does ride 150 + To Joves high house through heavens bras-paved way + Drawne of faire Pecocks, that excell in pride, +And full of Argus eyes their tailes dispredden wide. + + XVIII + +But this was drawne of six unequall beasts, + On which her six sage Counsellours did ryde, 155 + Taught to obay their bestiall beheasts, + With like conditions[*] to their kinds applyde: + Of which the first, that all the rest did guyde, + Was sluggish Idlenesse the nourse of sin; + Upon a slouthful Asse he chose to ryde, 160 + Arayd in habit blacke, and amis thin, +Like to an holy Monck, the service to begin. + + XIX + +And in his hand his Portesse still he bare, + That much was worne, but therein little red, + For of devotion he had little care, 165 + Still drownd in sleepe, and most of his dayes ded; + Scarse could he once uphold his heavie hed, + To looken, whether it were night or day: + May seeme the wayne was very evill led, + When such an one had guiding of the way, 170 +That knew not, whether right he went, or else astray. + + XX + +From worldly cares himselfe he did esloyne, + And greatly shunned manly exercise, + From every worke he chalenged essoyne,[*] + For contemplation sake: yet otherwise, 175 + His life he led in lawlesse riotise; + By which he grew to grievous malady; + For in his lustlesse limbs through evill guise + A shaking fever raignd continually: +Such one was Idlenesse, first of this company. 180 + + XXI + +And by his side rode loathsome Gluttony, + Deformed creature, on a filthie swyne; + His belly was up-blowne with luxury, + And eke with fatnesse swollen were his eyne, + And like a Crane[*] his necke was long and fyne, 185 + With which he swallowed up excessive feast, + For want whereof poore people oft did pyne; + And all the way, most like a brutish beast, +He spued up his gorge, that all did him deteast. + + XXII + +In greene vine leaves he was right fitly clad; 190 + For other clothes he could not weare for heat, + And on his head an yvie girland had, + From under which fast trickled downe the sweat: + Still as he rode, he somewhat still did eat, + And in his hand did beare a bouzing can, 195 + Of which he supt so oft, that on his seat + His dronken corse he scarse upholden can, +In shape and life more like a monster, then a man. + + XXIII + +Unfit he was for any worldly thing, + And eke unhable once to stirre or go, 200 + Not meet to be of counsell to a king, + Whose mind in meat and drinke was drowned so, + That from his friend he seldome knew his fo: + Full of diseases was his carcas blew, + And a dry dropsie[*] through his flesh did flow: 205 + Which by misdiet daily greater grew: +Such one was Gluttony, the second of that crew. + + XXIV + +And next to him rode lustfull Lechery, + Upon a bearded Goat, whose rugged haire, + And whally eyes (the signe of gelosy), 210 + Was like the person selfe, whom he did beare: + Who rough, and blacke, and filthy did appeare, + Unseemely man to please faire Ladies eye; + Yet he of Ladies oft was loved deare, + When fairer faces were bid standen by: 215 +O who does know the bent of womens fantasy? + + XXV + +In a greene gowne he clothed was full faire, + Which underneath did hide his filthinesse, + And in his hand a burning hart he bare, + Full of vaine follies, and new fanglenesse, 220 + For he was false, and fraught with ficklenesse; + And learned had to love with secret lookes; + And well could daunce, and sing with ruefulnesse, + And fortunes tell, and read in loving bookes, +And thousand other wayes, to bait his fleshly hookes. 225 + + XXVI + +Inconstant man, that loved all he saw, + And lusted after all that he did love; + Ne would his looser life be tide to law, + But joyd weak wemens hearts to tempt and prove, + If from their loyall loves he might them move; 230 + Which lewdnesse fild him with reprochfull paine + Of that fowle evill, which all men reprove, + That rots the marrow and consumes the braine: +Such one was Lecherie, the third of all this traine. + + XXVII + +And greedy Avarice by him did ride, 235 + Upon a Camell[*] loaden all with gold; + Two iron coffers hong on either side, + With precious mettall full as they might hold; + And in his lap an heape of coine he told; + For of his wicked pelfe his God he made, 240 + And unto hell him selfe for money sold; + Accursed usurie was all his trade, +And right and wrong ylike in equall ballaunce waide. + + XXVIII + +His life was nigh unto deaths doore yplast, + And thred-bare cote, and cobled shoes he ware, 245 + Ne scarse good morsell all his life did tast, + But both from backe and belly still did spare, + To fill his bags, and richesse to compare; + Yet chylde ne kinsman living had he none + To leave them to; but thorough daily care 250 + To get, and nightly feare to lose his owne, +He led a wretched life unto him selfe unknowne.[*] + + XXIX + +Most wretched wight, whom nothing might suffise, + Whose greedy lust did lacke in greatest store, + Whose need had end, but no end covetise, 255 + Whose wealth was want, whose plenty made him pore, + Who had enough, yet wished ever more; + A vile disease, and eke in foote and hand + A grievous gout tormented him full sore, + That well he could not touch, nor go, nor stand; 260 +Such one was Avarice, the fourth of this faire band. + + XXX + +And next to him malicious Envie rode, + Upon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw + Betweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode, + That all the poison ran about his chaw; 265 + But inwardly he chawed his owne maw + At neighbours wealth, that made him ever sad; + For death it was when any good he saw, + And wept, that cause of weeping none he had, +But when he heard of harme, he wexed wondrous glad. 270 + + XXXI + +All in a kirtle of discolourd say + He clothed was, ypainted full of eyes; + And in his bosome secretly there lay + An hatefull Snake, the which his taile uptyes + In many folds, and mortall sting implyes. 275 + Still as he rode, he gnasht his teeth, to see + Those heapes of gold with griple Covetyse; + And grudged at the great felicitie +Of proud Lucifera, and his owne companie. + + XXXII + +He hated all good workes and vertuous deeds, 280 + And him no lesse, that any like did use, + And who with gracious bread the hungry feeds, + His almes for want of faith he doth accuse; + So every good to bad he doth abuse: + And eke the verse of famous Poets witt 285 + He does backebite, and spightfull poison spues + From leprous mouth on all that ever writt: +Such one vile Envie was, that fifte in row did sitt. + + XXXIII + +And him beside rides fierce revenging Wrath, + Upon a Lion, loth for to be led; 290 + And in his hand a burning brond he hath, + The which he brandisheth about his hed; + His eyes did hurle forth sparkles fiery red, + And stared sterne on all that him beheld, + As ashes pale of hew and seeming ded; 295 + And on his dagger still his hand he held, +Trembling through hasty rage, when choler in him sweld. + + XXXIV + +His ruffin raiment all was staind with blood, + Which he had spilt, and all to rags yrent, + Through unadvized rashnesse woxen wood; 300 + For of his hands he had no governement, + Ne car'd for bloud in his avengement: + But when the furious fit was overpast, + His cruell facts he often would repent; + Yet wilfull man he never would forecast, 305 +How many mischieves should ensue his heedlesse hast. + + XXXV + +Full many mischiefes follow cruell Wrath; + Abhorred bloodshed and tumultuous strife, + Unmanly murder, and unthrifty scath,[*] + Bitter despight, with rancours rusty knife, 310 + And fretting griefe the enemy of life; + All these, and many evils moe haunt ire, + The swelling Splene,[*] and Frenzy raging rife, + The shaking Palsey, and Saint Fraunces fire:[*] +Such one was Wrath, the last of this ungodly tire. 315 + + XXXVI + +And after all, upon the wagon beame + Rode Sathan, with a smarting whip in hand, + With which he forward lasht the laesie teme, + So oft as Slowth still in the mire did stand. + Hugh routs of people did about them band, 320 + Showting for joy, and still before their way + A foggy mist had covered all the land; + And underneath their feet, all scattered lay +Dead sculs and bones of men, whose life had gone astray. + + XXXVII + +So forth they marchen in this goodly sort, 325 + To take the solace of the open aire, + And in fresh flowring fields themselves to sport; + Emongst the rest rode that false Lady faire, + The foule Duessa, next unto the chaire + Of proud Lucifera, as one of the traine: 330 + But that good knight would not so nigh repaire, + Him selfe estraunging from their joyaunce vaine, +Whose fellowship seemd far unfit for warlike swaine. + + XXXVIII + +So having solaced themselves a space + With pleasaunce[*] of the breathing fields yfed, 335 + They backe retourned to the Princely Place; + Whereas an errant knight in armes ycled, + And heathnish shield, wherein with letters red + Was writ _Sans joy_, they new arrived find: + Enflam'd with fury and fiers hardy-hed 340 + He seemd in hart to harbour thoughts unkind, +And nourish bloudy vengeaunce in his bitter mind. + + XXXIX + +Who when the shamed shield of slaine Sansfoy + He spide with that same Faery champions page, + Bewraying him, that did of late destroy 345 + His eldest brother, burning all with rage + He to him leapt, and that same envious gage + Of victors glory from him snatcht away: + But th' Elfin knight, which ought that warlike wage + Disdaind to loose the meed he wonne in fray, 350 +And him rencountring fierce, reskewd the noble pray. + + XL + +Therewith they gan to hurtlen greedily, + Redoubted battaile ready to darrayne, + And clash their shields, and shake their swords on hy, + That with their sturre they troubled all the traine; 355 + Till that great Queene upon eternall paine + Of high displeasure that ensewen might, + Commaunded them their fury to refraine, + And if that either to that shield had right, +In equall lists they should the morrow next it fight. 360 + + XLI + +Ah dearest Dame, (quoth then the Paynim bold,) + Pardon the error of enraged wight, + Whom great griefe made forget the raines to hold + Of reasons rule, to see this recreant knight, + No knight, but treachour full of false despight 365 + And shamefull treason, who through guile hath slayn + The prowest knight that ever field did fight, + Even stout Sansfoy (O who can then refrayn?) +Whose shield he beares renverst, the more to heape disdayn. + + XLII + +And to augment the glorie of his guile, 370 + His dearest love, the faire Fidessa, loe + Is there possessed of the traytour vile, + Who reapes the harvest sowen by his foe, + Sowen in bloudy field, and bought with woe: + That brothers hand shall dearely well requight, 375 + So be, O Queene, you equall favour showe. + Him litle answerd th' angry Elfin knight; +He never meant with words, but swords to plead his right. + + XLIII + +But threw his gauntlet as a sacred pledge, + His cause in combat the next day to try: 380 + So been they parted both, with harts on edge + To be aveng'd each on his enimy. + That night they pas in joy and jollity, + Feasting and courting both in bowre and hall; + For Steward was excessive Gluttonie, 385 + That of his plenty poured forth to all; +Which doen, the Chamberlain Slowth did to rest them call. + + XLIV + +Now whenas darkesome night had all displayed + Her coleblacke curtein over brightest skye, + The warlike youthes on dayntie couches layd, 390 + Did chace away sweet sleepe from sluggish eye, + To muse on meanes of hoped victory. + But whenas Morpheus had with leaden mace + Arrested all that courtly company, + Up-rose Duessa from her resting place, 395 +And to the Paynims lodging comes with silent pace. + + XLV + +Whom broad awake she finds, in troublous fit, + Forecasting, how his foe he might annoy, + And him amoves with speaches seeming fit: + Ah deare Sansjoy, next dearest to Sansfoy, 400 + Cause of my new griefe, cause of my new joy, + Joyous, to see his ymage in mine eye, + And greev'd, to thinke how foe did him destroy, + That was the flowre of grace and chevalrye; +Lo his Fidessa to thy secret faith I flye. 405 + + XLVI + +With gentle wordes he can her fairely greet, + And bad say on the secret of her hart. + Then sighing soft, I learne that litle sweet + Oft tempred is (quoth she) with muchell smart: + For since my brest was launcht with lovely dart 410 + Of deare Sans foy, I never joyed howre, + But in eternall woes my weaker hart + Have wasted, loving him with all my powre, +And for his sake have felt full many an heavie stowre. + + XLVII + +At last when perils all I weened past, 415 + And hop'd to reape the crop of all my care, + Into new woes unweeting I was cast, + By this false faytor, who unworthy ware + His worthy shield, whom he with guilefull snare + Entrapped slew, and brought to shamefull grave. 420 + Me silly maid away with him he bare, + And ever since hath kept in darksome cave, +For that I would not yeeld, that to Sans foy I gave. + + XLVIII + +But since faire Sunne hath sperst that lowring clowd, + And to my loathed life now shewes some light, 425 + Under your beames I will me safely shrowd, + From dreaded storme of his disdainfull spight: + To you th' inheritance belongs by right + Of brothers prayse, to you eke longs his love. + Let not his love, let not his restlesse spright, 430 + Be unreveng'd, that calles to you above +From wandring Stygian shores, where it doth endlesse move. + + XLIX + +Thereto said he, Faire Dame, be nought dismaid + For sorrowes past; their griefe is with them gone: + Ne yet of present perill be affraid; 435 + For needlesse feare did never vantage none + And helplesse hap[*] it booteth not to mone. + Dead is Sansfoy, his vitall paines are past, + Though greeved ghost for vengeance deepe do grone: + He lives, that shall him pay his dewties last,[*] 440 +And guiltie Elfin blood shall sacrifice in hast. + + L + +O but I feare the fickle freakes (quoth shee) + Of fortune false, and oddes of armes[*] in field. + Why Dame (quoth he) what oddes can ever bee, + Where both do fight alike, to win or yield? 445 + Yea but (quoth she) he beares a charmed shield, + And eke enchaunted armes, that none can perce, + Ne none can wound the man that does them wield. + Charmd or enchaunted (answerd he then ferce) +I no whit reck, ne you the like need to reherce. 450 + + LI + +But faire Fidessa, sithens fortunes guile, + Or enimies powre, hath now captived you, + Returne from whence ye came, and rest a while + Till morrow next, that I the Elfe subdew, + And with Sansfoyes dead dowry you endew. 455 + Ay me, that is a double death (she said) + With proud foes sight my sorrow to renew: + Where ever yet I be, my secret aid +Shall follow you. So passing forth she him obaid. + + * * * * * + + CANTO V + + The faithfull knight in equall field + subdewes his faithlesse foe, + Whom false Duessa saves, and for + his cure to hell does goe. + + I + +THE noble hart, that harbours vertuous thought, + And is with child of glorious great intent, + Can never rest, untill it forth have brought + Th' eternall brood of glorie excellent. + Such restlesse passion did all night torment 5 + The flaming corage of that Faery knight, + Devizing, how that doughtie turnament + With greatest honour he atchieven might; +Still did he wake, and still did watch for dawning light. + + II + +At last the golden Orientall gate, 10 + Of greatest heaven gan to open faire, + And Phoebus fresh, as bridegrome to his mate, + Came dauncing forth, shaking his deawie haire: + And hurls his glistring beams through gloomy aire. + Which when the wakeful Elfe perceiv'd, streightway 15 + He started up, and did him selfe prepaire, + In sunbright armes, and battailous array: +For with that Pagan proud he combat will that day. + + III + +And forth he comes into the commune hall, + Where earely waite him many a gazing eye, 20 + To weet what end to straunger knights may fall. + There many Minstrales maken melody, + To drive away the dull melancholy, + And many Bardes, that to the trembling chord + Can tune their timely voyces[*] cunningly, 25 + And many Chroniclers that can record +Old loves,[*] and warres for Ladies doen by many a Lord. + + IV + +Soone after comes the cruell Sarazin, + In woven maile[*] all armed warily, + And sternly lookes at him, who not a pin 30 + Does care for looke of living creatures eye. + They bring them wines of Greece and Araby,[*] + And daintie spices fetcht from furthest Ynd,[*] + To kindle heat of corage privily: + And in the wine a solemne oth they bynd 35 +T' observe the sacred lawes of armes, that are assynd. + + V + +At last forth comes that far renowmed Queene, + With royall pomp and Princely majestie; + She is ybrought unto a paled greene,[*] + And placed under stately canapee, 40 + The warlike feates of both those knights to see. + On th' other side in all mens open vew + Duessa placed is, and on a tree + Sans-foy his[*] shield is hangd with bloody hew: +Both those[*] the lawrell girlonds to the victor dew. 45 + + VI + +A shrilling trompet sownded from on hye, + And unto battaill bad them selves addresse: + Their shining shieldes about their wrestes they tye, + And burning blades about their heads do blesse, + The instruments of wrath and heavinesse: 50 + With greedy force each other doth assayle, + And strike so fiercely, that they do impresse + Deepe dinted furrowes in the battred mayle; +The yron walles to ward their blowes are weak and fraile. + + VII + +The Sarazin was stout, and wondrous strong, 55 + And heaped blowes like yron hammers great; + For after bloud and vengeance he did long. + The knight was fiers, and full of youthly heat, + And doubled strokes, like dreaded thunders threat: + For all for prayse and honour he did fight. 60 + Both stricken strike, and beaten both do beat, + That from their shields forth flyeth firie light, +And helmets hewen deepe show marks of eithers might. + + VIII + +So th' one for wrong, the other strives for right; + As when a Gryfon[*] seized of his pray, 65 + A Dragon fiers encountreth in his flight, + Through widest ayre making his ydle way, + That would his rightfull ravine rend away; + With hideous horror both together smight, + And souce so sore that they the heavens affray: 70 + The wise Soothsayer seeing so sad sight, +Th' amazed vulgar tels of warres and mortall fight. + + IX + +So th' one for wrong, the other strives for right, + And each to deadly shame would drive his foe: + The cruell steele so greedily doth bight 75 + In tender flesh that streames of bloud down flow, + With which the armes, that earst so bright did show, + Into a pure vermillion now are dyde: + Great ruth in all the gazers harts did grow, + Seeing the gored woundes to gape so wyde, 80 +That victory they dare not wish to either side. + + X + +At last the Paynim chaunst to cast his eye, + His suddein eye, flaming with wrathful fyre, + Upon his brothers shield, which hong thereby: + Therewith redoubled was his raging yre, 85 + And said, Ah wretched sonne of wofull syre, + Doest thou sit wayling by blacke Stygian lake, + Whilest here thy shield is hangd for victors hyre, + And sluggish german[*] doest thy forces slake +To after-send his foe, that him may overtake? 90 + + XI + +Goe caytive Elfe, him quickly overtake, + And soone redeeme from his long wandring woe; + Goe guiltie ghost, to him my message make, + That I his shield have quit from dying foe. + Therewith upon his crest he stroke him so, 95 + That twise he reeled, readie twise to fall; + End of the doubtfull battell deemed tho + The lookers on, and lowd to him gan call +The false Duessa, Thine the shield, and I, and all. + + XII + +Soone as the Faerie heard his Ladie speake,[*] 100 + Out of his swowning dreame he gan awake, + And quickning faith, that earst was woxen weake, + The creeping deadly cold away did shake: + Tho mov'd with wrath, and shame, and Ladies sake, + Of all attonce he cast avengd to bee, 105 + And with so' exceeding furie at him strake, + That forced him to stoupe upon his knee; +Had he not stouped so, he should have cloven bee. + + XIII + +And to him said, Goe now proud Miscreant, + Thy selfe thy message do to german deare; 110 + Alone he wandring thee too long doth want: + Goe say, his foe thy shield with his doth beare. + Therewith his heavie hand he high gan reare, + Him to have slaine; when loe a darkesome clowd[*] + Upon him fell: he no where doth appeare, 115 + But vanisht is. The Elfe him calls alowd, +But answer none receives: the darkness him does shrowd. + + XIV + +In haste Duessa from her place arose, + And to him running said, O prowest knight, + That ever Ladie to her love did chose, 120 + Let now abate the terror of your might, + And quench the flame of furious despight, + And bloudie vengeance; lo th' infernall powres, + Covering your foe with cloud of deadly night, + Have borne him hence to Plutoes balefull bowres. 125 +The conquest yours, I yours, the shield, the glory yours. + + XV + +Not all so satisfide, with greedie eye + He sought all round about, his thristie blade + To bath in bloud of faithlesse enemy; + Who all that while lay hid in secret shade: 130 + He standes amazed, how he thence should fade. + At last the trumpets Triumph sound on hie, + And running Heralds humble homage made, + Greeting him goodly with new victorie, +And to him brought the shield, the cause of enmitie. 135 + + XVI + +Wherewith he goeth to that soveraine Queene, + And falling her before on lowly knee, + To her makes present of his service seene: + Which she accepts, with thankes, and goodly gree, + Greatly advauncing his gay chevalree. 140 + So marcheth home, and by her takes the knight, + Whom all the people follow with great glee, + Shouting, and clapping all their hands on hight, +That all the aire it fils, and flyes to heaven bright. + + XVII + +Home is he brought, and laid in sumptuous bed: 145 + Where many skilfull leaches him abide, + To salve his hurts, that yet still freshly bled. + In wine and oyle they wash his woundes wide, + And softly can embalme on every side. + And all the while, most heavenly melody 150 + About the bed sweet musicke did divide, + Him to beguile of griefe and agony: +And all the while Duessa wept full bitterly. + + XVIII + +As when a wearie traveller that strayes + By muddy shore of broad seven-mouthed Nile, 155 + Unweeting of the perillous wandring wayes, + Doth meete a cruell craftie Crocodile, + Which in false griefe hyding his harmefull guile, + Doth weepe full sore, and sheddeth tender teares:[*] + The foolish man, that pitties all this while 160 + His mournefull plight, is swallowed up unawares, +Forgetfull of his owne, that mindes anothers cares. + + XIX + +So wept Duessa untill eventide, + That shyning lampes in Joves high house were light: + Then forth she rose, ne lenger would abide, 165 + But comes unto the place, where th' Hethen knight + In slombring swownd nigh voyd of vitall spright, + Lay cover'd with inchaunted cloud all day: + Whom when she found, as she him left in plight, + To wayle his woefull case she would not stay, 170 +But to the easterne coast of heaven makes speedy way. + + XX + +Where griesly Night,[*] with visage deadly sad, + That Phoebus chearefull face durst never vew, + And in a foule blacke pitchie mantle clad, + She findes forth comming from her darkesome mew, 175 + Where she all day did hide her hated hew. + Before the dore her yron charet stood, + Alreadie harnessed for journey new; + And coleblacke steedes yborne of hellish brood, +That on their rustie bits did champ, as they were wood. 180 + + XXI + +Who when she saw Duessa sunny bright, + Adornd with gold and jewels shining cleare, + She greatly grew amazed at the sight, + And th' unacquainted light began to feare: + For never did such brightnesse there appeare, 185 + And would have backe retyred to her cave, + Until the witches speech she gan to heare, + Saying, Yet, O thou dreaded Dame, I crave +Abide, till I have told the message which I have. + + XXII + +She stayd, and foorth Duessa gan proceede 190 + O thou most auncient Grandmother of all, + More old then Jove, whom thou at first didst breede, + Or that great house of Gods caelestiall, + Which wast begot in Daemogorgons hall, + And sawst the secrets of the world unmade, 195 + Why suffredst thou thy Nephewes deare to fall + With Elfin sword, most shamefully betrade? +Lo where the stout Sansjoy doth sleepe in deadly shade. + + XXIII + +And him before, I saw with bitter eyes + The bold Sansfoy shrinke underneath his speare; 200 + And now the pray of fowles in field he lyes, + Nor wayld of friends, nor layd on groning beare,[*] + That whylome was to me too dearely deare. + O what of Gods[*] then boots it to be borne, + If old Aveugles sonnes so evill heare? 205 + Or who shall not great Nightes children scorne, +When two of three her Nephews are so fowle forlorne? + + XXIV + +Up then, up dreary Dame, of darknesse Queene, + Go gather up the reliques of thy race, + Or else goe them avenge, and let be seene, 210 + That dreaded Night in brightest day hath place, + And can the children of faire light deface. + Her feeling speeches some compassion moved + In hart, and chaunge in that great mothers face: + Yet pittie in her hart was never proved 215 +Till then: for evermore she hated, never loved. + + XXV + +And said, Deare daughter rightly may I rew + The fall of famous children borne of mee, + And good successes,[*] which their foes ensew: + But who can turne the streame of destinee, 220 + Or breake the chayne[*] of strong necessitee, + Which fast is tyde to Joves eternall seat? + The sonnes of Day he favoureth, I see, + And by my ruines thinkes to make them great: +To make one great by others losse, is bad excheat.[*] 225 + + XXVI + +Yet shall they not escape so freely all; + For some shall pay the price of others guilt: + And he the man that made Sansfoy to fall, + Shall with his owne bloud[*] price that he has spilt. + But what art thou, that telst of Nephews kilt? 230 + I that do seeme not I, Duessa am, + (Quoth she) how ever now in garments gilt, + And gorgeous gold arrayd I to thee came; +Duessa I, the daughter of Deceipt and Shame. + + XXVII + +Then bowing downe her aged backe, she kist 235 + The wicked witch, saying; In that faire face + The false resemblance of Deceipt I wist + Did closely lurke; yet so true-seeming grace + It carried, that I scarce in darkesome place + Could it discerne, though I the mother bee 240 + Of falshood, and roote of Duessaes race. + O welcome child, whom I have longd to see, +And now have seene unwares. Lo now I go with thee. + + XXVIII + +Then to her yron wagon she betakes, + And with her beares the fowle welfavourd witch: 245 + Through mirkesome aire her readie way she makes. + Her twyfold Teme, of which two blacke as pitch, + And two were browne, yet each to each unlich, + Did softly swim away, ne ever stampe, + Unlesse she chaunst their stubborne mouths to twitch; 250 + Then foming tarre, their bridles they would champe, +And trampling the fine element would fiercely rampe. + + XXIX + +So well they sped, that they be come at length + Unto the place, whereas the Paynim lay, + Devoid of outward sense, and native strength, 255 + Coverd with charmed cloud from vew of day + And sight of men, since his late luckelesse fray. + His cruell wounds with cruddy bloud congeald + They binden up so wisely, as they may, + And handle softly, till they can be healed: 260 +So lay him in her charet close in night concealed. + + XXX + +And all the while she stood upon the ground, + The wakefull dogs did never cease to bay,[*] + As giving warning of th' unwonted sound, + With which her yron wheeles did them affray, 265 + And her darke griesly looke them much dismay: + The messenger of death, the ghastly Owle[*] + With drery shriekes did also her bewray; + And hungry Wolves continually did howle, +At her abhorred face, so filthy and so fowle. 270 + + XXXI + +Thence turning backe in silence soft they stole, + And brought the heavie corse with easie pace + To yawning gulfe of deepe Avernus hole.[*] + By that same hole an entrance darke and bace + With smoake and sulphure hiding all the place, 275 + Descends to hell: there creature never past, + That backe returned without heavenly grace; + But dreadfull Furies which their chaines have brast, +And damned sprights sent forth to make ill men aghast. + + XXXII + +By that same way the direfull dames doe drive 280 + Their mournefull charet, fild with rusty blood, + And downe to Plutoes house are come bilive: + Which passing through, on every side them stood + The trembling ghosts with sad amazed mood, + Chattring their yron teeth, and staring wide 285 + With stonie eyes; and all the hellish brood + Of feends infernall flockt on every side, +To gaze on earthly wight that with the Night durst ride. + + XXXIII + +They pas the bitter waves of Acheron, + Where many soules sit wailing woefully, 290 + And come to fiery flood of Phlegeton, + Whereas the damned ghosts in torments fry, + And with sharpe shrilling shriekes doe bootlesse cry, + Cursing high Jove, the which them thither sent. + The house of endlesse paine is built thereby, 295 + In which ten thousand sorts of punishment +The cursed creatures doe eternally torment. + + XXXIV + +Before the threshold dreadfull Cerberus[*] + His three deformed heads did lay along, + Curled with thousand adders venemous, 300 + And lilled forth his bloudie flaming tong: + At them he gan to reare his bristles strong, + And felly gnarre, until Dayes enemy + Did him appease; then downe his taile he hong + And suffred them to passen quietly: 305 +For she in hell and heaven had power equally. + + XXXV + +There was Ixion turned on a wheele,[*] + For daring tempt the Queene of heaven to sin; + And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reele + Against an hill, ne might from labour lin; 310 + There thirsty Tantalus hong by the chin; + And Tityus fed a vulture on his maw; + Typhoeus joynts were stretched on a gin, + Theseus condemnd to endlesse slouth by law, +And fifty sisters water in leake vessels draw. 315 + + XXXVI + +They all beholding worldly wights in place, + Leave off their worke, unmindfull of their smart, + To gaze on them; who forth by them doe pace, + Till they be come unto the furthest part; + Where was a Cave ywrought by wondrous art, 320 + Deepe, darke, uneasie, dolefull, comfortlesse, + In which sad Aesculapius[*] farre apart + Emprisond was in chaines remedilesse, +For that Hippolytus rent corse he did redresse. + + XXXVII + +Hippolytus a jolly huntsman was 325 + That wont in charett chace the foming Bore: + He all his Peeres in beauty did surpas, + But Ladies love as losse of time forbore: + His wanton stepdame loved him the more, + But when she saw her offred sweets refused, 330 + Her love she turnd to hate, and him before + His father fierce of treason false accused, +And with her gealous termes his open eares abused. + + XXXVIII + +Who all in rage his Sea-god syre besought, + Some cursed vengeaunce on his sonne to cast, 335 + From surging gulf two monsters straight were brought, + With dread whereof his chasing steedes aghast, + Both charet swift and huntsman overcast. + His goodly corps on ragged cliffs yrent, + Was quite dismembred, and his members chast 340 + Scattered on every mountaine, as he went, +That of Hippolytus was left no moniment. + + XXXIX + +His cruell step-dame seeing what was donne, + Her wicked dayes with wretched knife did end, + In death avowing th' innocence of her sonne, 345 + Which hearing, his rash Syre began to rend + His haire, and hastie tongue that did offend. + Tho gathering up the relicks of his smart, + By Dianes meanes, who was Hippolyts frend, + Them brought to Aesculape, that by his art 350 +Did heale them all againe, and joyned every part. + + XL + +Such wondrous science in mans wit to raine + When Jove avizd, that could the dead revive, + And fates expired[*] could renew againe, + Of endlesse life he might him not deprive, 355 + But unto hell did thrust him downe alive, + With flashing thunderbolt ywounded sore: + Where long remaining, he did alwaies strive + Himselfe with salves to health for to restore, +And slake the heavenly fire, that raged evermore. 360 + + XLI + +There auncient Night arriving, did alight + From her nigh wearie waine, and in her armes + To Aesculapius brought the wounded knight: + Whom having softly disarayd of armes, + Tho gan to him discover all his harmes, 365 + Beseeching him with prayer, and with praise, + If either salves, or oyles, or herbes, or charmes + A fordonne wight from dore of death mote raise, +He would at her request prolong her nephews daies. + + XLII + +Ah Dame (quoth he) thou temptest me in vaine, 370 + To dare the thing, which daily yet I rew, + And the old cause of my continued paine + With like attempt to like end to renew. + Is not enough, that thrust from heaven dew + Here endlesse penance for one fault I pay, 375 + But that redoubled crime with vengeance new + Thou biddest me to eeke? can Night defray +The wrath of thundring Jove that rules both night and day? + + XLIII + +Not so (quoth she) but sith that heavens king + From hope of heaven hath thee excluded quight, 380 + Why fearest thou, that canst not hope for thing; + And fearest not, that more thee hurten might, + Now in the powre of everlasting Night? + Goe to then, O thou farre renowmed sonne + Of great Apollo, shew thy famous might 385 + In medicine, that else hath to thee wonne +Great paines, and greater praise,[*] both never to be donne. + + XLIV + +Her words prevaild: And then the learned leach + His cunning hand gan to his wounds to lay, + And all things else, the which his art did teach: 390 + Which having seene, from thence arose away + The mother of dread darknesse, and let stay + Aveugles sonne there in the leaches cure, + And backe returning tooke her wonted way, + To runne her timely race, whilst Phoebus pure, 395 +In westerne waves his weary wagon did recure. + + XLV + +The false Duessa leaving noyous Night, + Returnd to stately pallace of Dame Pride; + Where when she came, she found the Faery knight + Departed thence, albe his woundes wide 400 + Not throughly heald, unreadie were to ride. + Good cause he had to hasten thence away; + For on a day his wary Dwarfe had spide + Where in a dongeon deepe huge numbers lay +Of caytive wretched thrals, that wayled night and day. 405 + + XLVI + +A ruefull sight, as could be seene with eie; + Of whom he learned had in secret wise + The hidden cause of their captivitie, + How mortgaging their lives to Covetise, + Through wastfull Pride and wanton Riotise, 410 + They were by law of that proud Tyrannesse, + Provokt with Wrath, and Envies false surmise, + Condemned to that Dongeon mercilesse, +Where they should live in woe, and die in wretchednesse. + + XLVII + +There was that great proud king of Babylon,[*] 415 + That would compell all nations to adore, + And him as onely God to call upon, + Till through celestiall doome throwne out of dore, + Into an Oxe he was transform'd of yore: + There also was king Croesus,[*] that enhaunst 420 + His hart too high through his great riches store; + And proud Antiochus,[*] the which advaunst +His cursed hand gainst God and on his altars daunst. + + XLVIII + +And them long time before, great Nimrod[*] was, + That first the world with sword and fire warrayd; 425 + And after him old Ninus[*] farre did pas + In princely pompe, of all the world obayd; + There also was that mightie Monarch[*] layd + Low under all, yet above all in pride, + That name of native syre did fowle upbrayd, 430 + And would as Ammons sonne be magnifide, +Till scornd of God and man a shamefull death he dide. + + XLIX + +All these together in one heape were throwne, + Like carkases of beasts in butchers stall. + And in another corner wide were strowne 435 + The antique ruines of the Romaines fall: + Great Romulus[*] the Grandsyre of them all, + Proud Tarquin,[*] and too lordly Lentulus,[*] + Stout Scipio,[*] and stubborne Hanniball,[*] + Ambitious Sylla,[*] and sterne Marius,[*] 440 +High Caesar, great Pompey,[*] and fierce Antonius.[*] + + L + +Amongst these mightie men were wemen mixt, + Proud wemen, vaine, forgetfull of their yoke: + The bold Semiramis,[*] whose sides transfixt + With sonnes own blade, her fowle reproches spoke; 445 + Faire Sthenoboea,[*] that her selfe did choke + With wilfull cord, for wanting of her will; + High minded Cleopatra,[*] that with stroke + Of Aspes sting her selfe did stoutly kill: +And thousands moe the like, that did that dongeon fill; 450 + + LI + +Besides the endlesse routs of wretched thralles, + Which thither were assembled day by day, + From all the world after their wofull falles + Through wicked pride, and wasted wealthes decay. + But most of all, which in the Dongeon lay, 455 + Fell from high Princes courts, or Ladies bowres; + Where they in idle pompe, or wanton play, + Consumed had their goods, and thriftlesse howres, +And lastly throwne themselves into these heavy stowres. + + LII + +Whose case when as the carefull Dwarfe had tould, 460 + And made ensample of their mournefull sight + Unto his maister, he no lenger would + There dwell in perill of like painefull plight, + But early rose, and ere that dawning light + Discovered had the world to heaven wyde, 465 + He by a privie Posterne tooke his flight, + That of no envious eyes he mote be spyde: +For doubtlesse death ensewd, if any him descryde. + + LIII + +Scarse could he footing find in that fowle way, + For many corses, like a great Lay-stall, 470 + Of murdred men which therein strowed lay, + Without remorse, or decent funerall: + Which all through that great Princesse pride did fall + And came to shamefull end. And them beside + Forth ryding underneath the castell wall, 475 + A donghill of dead carkases he spide, +The dreadfull spectacle of that sad house of Pride. + + * * * * * + + CANTO VI + + From lawlesse lust by wondrous grace + fayre Una is releast: + Whom salvage nation does adore, + and learnes her wise beheast. + + I + +As when a ship, that flyes faire under saile, + An hidden rocke escaped hath unwares, + That lay in waite her wrack for to bewaile, + The Marriner yet halfe amazed stares + At perill past, and yet in doubt ne dares 5 + To joy at his foole-happie oversight: + So doubly is distrest twixt joy and cares + The dreadlesse courage of this Elfin knight, +Having escapt so sad ensamples in his sight. + + II + +Yet sad he was that his too hastie speede 10 + The faire Duess' had forst him leave behind; + And yet more sad, that Una his deare dreed + Her truth had staind with treason so unkind; + Yet crime in her could never creature find, + But for his love, and for her owne selfe sake, 15 + She wandred had from one to other Ynd,[*] + Him for to seeke, ne ever would forsake, +Till her unwares the fiers Sansloy did overtake. + + III + +Who, after Archimagoes fowle defeat, + Led her away into a forest wilde, 20 + And turning wrathfull fyre to lustfull heat, + With beastly sin thought her to have defilde, + And made the vassal of his pleasures wilde. + Yet first he cast by treatie, and by traynes, + Her to persuade that stubborne fort to yilde: 25 + For greater conquest of hard love he gaynes, +That workes it to his will, then he that it constraines. + + IV + +With fawning words he courted her awhile, + And looking lovely, and oft sighing sore, + Her constant hart did tempt with diverse guile, 30 + But wordes and lookes, and sighes she did abhore; + As rocke of Diamond steadfast evermore, + Yet for to feed his fyrie lustfull eye, + He snatcht the vele that hong her face before; + Then gan her beautie shyne, as brightest skye 35 +And burnt his beastly hart t'efforce her chastitye. + + V + +So when he saw his flatt'ring artes to fayle, + And subtile engines bett from batteree; + With greedy force he gan the fort assayle, + Whereof he weend possessed soone to bee, 40 + And with rich spoile of ransackt chastitee. + Ah heavens! that do this hideous act behold, + And heavenly virgin thus outraged see, + How can ye vengeance just so long withold +And hurle not flashing flames upon that Paynim bold? 45 + + VI + +The pitteous maiden carefull comfortlesse, + Does throw out thrilling shriekes, and shrieking cryes, + The last vaine helpe of womens great distresse, + And with loud plaints importuneth the skyes, + That molten starres do drop like weeping eyes; 50 + And Phoebus flying so most shameful sight, + His blushing face in foggy cloud implyes, + And hides for shame. What wit of mortall wight +Can now devise to quit a thrall from such a plight? + + VII + +Eternal providence exceeding thought, 55 + Where none appeares can make herselfe a way: + A wondrous way it for this Lady wrought, + From Lyons clawes to pluck the griped pray. + Her shrill outcryes and shriekes so loud did bray, + That all the woodes and forestes did resownd; 60 + A troupe of Faunes and Satyres[*] far away + Within the wood were dauncing in a rownd, +Whiles old Sylvanus[*] slept in shady arber sownd: + + VIII + +Who when they heard that pitteous strained voice, + In haste forsooke their rurall meriment, 65 + And ran towards the far rebownded noyce, + To weet, what wight so loudly did lament. + Unto the place they come incontinent: + Whom when the raging Sarazin espide, + A rude, mishapen, monstrous rablement, 70 + Whose like he never saw, he durst not bide, +But got his ready steed, and fast away gan ride. + + IX + +The wyld woodgods arrived in the place, + There find the virgin dolefull desolate, + With ruffled rayments, and faire blubbred face, 75 + As her outrageous foe had left her late; + And trembling yet through feare of former hate: + All stand amazed at so uncouth sight, + And gin to pittie her unhappie state; + All stand astonied at her beautie bright, 80 +In their rude eyes unworthy of so wofull plight. + + X + +She more amaz'd, in double dread doth dwell; + And every tender part for feare doth shake: + As when a greedie Wolfe, through hunger fell, + A seely Lambe farre from the flocke does take, 85 + Of whom he meanes his bloudie feast to make, + A Lyon spyes fast running towards him, + The innocent pray in hast he does forsake, + Which quit from death yet quakes in every lim +With chaunge of feare,[*] to see the Lyon looke so grim. 90 + + XI + +Such fearefull fit assaid her trembling hart, + Ne word to speake, ne joynt to move she had: + The salvage nation feele her secret smart, + And read her sorrow in her count'nance sad; + Their frowning forheads with rough hornes yclad, 95 + And rustick horror[*] all a side doe lay; + And gently grenning, show a semblance glad + To comfort her, and feare to put away, +Their backward bent knees[*] teach her humbly to obay. + + XII + +The doubtfull Damzell dare not yet commit 100 + Her single person to their barbarous truth;[*] + But still twixt feare and hope amazd does sit, + Late learnd[*] what harme to hasty trust ensu'th: + They in compassion of her tender youth, + And wonder of her beautie soveraine, 105 + Are wonne with pitty and unwonted ruth, + And all prostrate upon the lowly plaine, +Do kisse her feete, and fawne on her with count'nance faine. + + XIII + +Their harts she ghesseth by their humble guise, + And yieldes her to extremitie of time; 110 + So from the ground she fearlesse doth arise, + And walketh forth without suspect of crime:[*] + They all as glad, as birdes of joyous Prime, + Thence lead her forth, about her dauncing round, + Shouting, and singing all a shepheards ryme, 115 + And with greene braunches strowing all the ground, +Do worship her, as Queene, with olive[*] girlond cround. + + XIV + +And all the way their merry pipes they sound, + That all the woods with doubled Eccho ring, + And with their horned feet[*] do weare the ground, 120 + Leaping like wanton kids in pleasant Spring. + So towards old Sylvanus they her bring; + Who with the noyse awaked commeth out + To weet the cause, his weake steps governing, + And aged limbs on Cypresse stadle stout; 125 +And with an yvie twyne his wast is girt about. + + XV + +Far off he wonders, what them makes so glad, + Or Bacchus merry fruit[*] they did invent, + Or Cybeles franticke rites[*] have made them mad, + They drawing nigh, unto their God present 130 + That flowre of faith and beautie excellent. + The God himselfe, vewing that mirrhour rare,[*] + Stood long amazd, and burnt in his intent; + His owne faire Dryope[*] now he thinkes not faire, +And Pholoe fowle when her to this he doth compaire. 135 + + XVI + +The woodborne people fall before her flat, + And worship her as Goddesse of the wood; + And old Sylvanus selfe bethinkes not, what + To thinke of wight so faire, but gazing stood, + In doubt to deeme her borne of earthly brood; 140 + Sometimes Dame Venus selfe he seemes to see, + But Venus never had so sober mood; + Sometimes Diana he her takes to bee, +But misseth bow, and shaftes, and buskins to her knee. + + XVII + +By vew of her he ginneth to revive 145 + His ancient love, and dearest Cyparisse,[*] + And calles to mind his pourtraiture alive, + How faire he was, and yet not faire to this,[*] + And how he slew with glauncing dart amisse + A gentle Hynd, the which the lovely boy 150 + Did love as life, above all worldly blisse; + For griefe whereof the lad n'ould after joy,[*] +But pynd away in anguish and selfe-wild annoy.[*] + + XVIII + +The wooddy Nymphes, faire Hamadryades,[*] + Her to behold do thither runne apace, 155 + And all the troupe of light-foot Naiades[*] + Flocke all about to see her lovely face: + But when they vewed have her heavenly grace, + They envy her in their malitious mind, + And fly away for feare of fowle disgrace: 160 + But all the Satyres scorne their woody kind,[*] +And henceforth nothing faire but her on earth they find. + + XIX + +Glad of such lucke, the luckelesse[*] lucky maid, + Did her content to please their feeble eyes, + And long time with that salvage people staid, 165 + To gather breath in many miseries. + During which time her gentle wit she plyes, + To teach them truth, which worshipt her in vaine, + And made her th' Image of Idolatryes[*]; + But when their bootlesse zeale she did restraine 170 +From her own worship, they her Asse would worship fayn. + + XX + +It fortuned a noble warlike knight[*] + By just occasion[*] to that forrest came, + To seeke his kindred, and the lignage right, + From whence he tooke his well deserved name: 175 + He had in armes abroad wonne muchell fame, + And fild far lands with glorie of his might, + Plaine, faithfull, true, and enimy of shame, + And ever lov'd to fight for Ladies right: +But in vaine glorious frayes he litle did delight. 180 + + XXI + +A Satyres sonne yborne in forrest wyld, + By straunge adventure as it did betyde, + And there begotten of a Lady myld, + Faire Thyamis[*] the daughter of Labryde, + That was in sacred bands of wedlocke tyde 185 + To Therion, a loose unruly swayne; + Who had more joy to raunge the forrest wyde, + And chase the salvage beast with busie payne, +Then serve his Ladies love, and wast in pleasures vayne. + + XXII + +The forlorne mayd did with loves longing burne 190 + And could not lacke her lovers company, + But to the wood she goes, to serve her turne, + And seeke her spouse that from her still does fly, + And followes other game and venery: + A Satyre chaunst her wandring for to finde, 195 + * * * * * +And made her person thrall unto his beastly kind. + + XXIII + +So long in secret cabin there he held + * * * * * + Then home he suffred her for to retyre, + For ransome leaving him the late borne childe; + Whom till to ryper yeares he gan aspire, 200 + He noursled up in life and manners wilde, +Emongst wild beasts and woods, from lawes of men exilde. + + XXIV + +For all he taught the tender ymp, was but[*] + To banish cowardize and bastard feare; + His trembling hand he would him force to put 205 + Upon the Lyon and the rugged Beare; + And from the she Beares teats her whelps to teare; + And eke wyld roaring Buls he would him make + To tame, and ryde their backes not made to beare; + And the Robuckes in flight to overtake, 210 +That every beast for feare of him did fly and quake. + + XXV + +Thereby so fearlesse, and so fell he grew, + That his owne sire and maister of his guise[*] + Did often tremble at his horrid vew,[*] + And oft for dread of hurt would him advise, 215 + The angry beasts not rashly to despise, + Nor too much to provoke; for he would learne + The Lyon stoup to him in lowly wise, + (A lesson hard) and make the Libbard sterne +Leave roaring, when in rage he for revenge did earne. 220 + + XXVI + +And for to make his powre approved more, + Wyld beasts in yron yokes he would compell; + The spotted Panther, and the tusked Bore, + The Pardale swift, and the tigre cruell, + The Antelope, and Wolfe both fierce and fell; 225 + And them constraine in equall teme to draw. + Such joy he had, their stubborne harts to quell, + And sturdie courage tame with dreadfull aw, +That his beheast they feared, as a tyrans law. + + XXVII + +His loving mother came upon a day 230 + Unto the woods, to see her little sonne; + And chaunst unwares to meet him in the way, + After his sportes, and cruell pastime donne; + When after him a Lyonesse did runne, + That roaring all with rage, did lowd requere 235 + Her children deare, whom he away had wonne: + The Lyon whelpes she saw how he did beare, +And lull in rugged armes, withouten childish feare. + + XXVIII + +The fearefull Dame all quaked at the sight, + And turning backe, gan fast to fly away, 240 + Untill with love revokt from vaine affright, + She hardly yet perswaded was to stay, + And then to him these womanish words gan say; + Ah Satyrane, my dearling, and my joy, + For love of me leave off this dreadfull play; 245 + To dally thus with death is no fit toy, +Go find some other play-fellowes, mine own sweet boy. + + XXIX + +In these and like delights of bloudy game + He trayned was, till ryper yeares he raught; + And there abode, whilst any beast of name 250 + Walkt in that forest, whom he had not taught + To feare his force: and then his courage haught + Desird of forreine foemen to be knowne, + And far abroad for straunge adventures sought; + In which his might was never overthrowne; 255 +But through all Faery lond his famous worth was blown.[*] + + XXX + +Yet evermore it was his manner faire, + After long labours and adventures spent, + Unto those native woods for to repaire, + To see his sire and offspring auncient. 260 + And now he thither came for like intent; + Where he unwares the fairest Una found, + Straunge Lady, in so straunge habiliment, + Teaching the Satyres, which her sat around, +Trew sacred lore, which from her sweet lips did redound. 265 + + XXXI + +He wondred at her wisedome heavenly rare, + Whose like in womens wit he never knew; + And when her curteous deeds he did compare, + Gan her admire, and her sad sorrowes rew, + Blaming of Fortune, which such troubles threw, 270 + And joyd to make proofe of her crueltie, + On gentle Dame, so hurtlesse, and so trew: + Thenceforth he kept her goodly company, +And learnd her discipline of faith and veritie. + + XXXII + +But she all vowd unto the Redcrosse knight, 275 + His wandring perill closely did lament, + Ne in this new acquaintaunce could delight, + But her deare heart with anguish did torment, + And all her wit in secret counsels spent, + How to escape. At last in privie wise 280 + To Satyrane she shewed her intent; + Who glad to gain such favour, gan devise +How with that pensive Maid he best might thence arise. + + XXXIII + +So on a day when Satyres all were gone + To do their service to Sylvanus old, 285 + The gentle virgin left behind alone + He led away with courage stout and bold. + Too late it was, to Satyres to be told, + Or ever hope recover her againe: + In vaine he seekes that having cannot hold. 290 + So fast he carried her with carefull paine, +That they the woods are past, and come now to the plaine. + + XXXIV + +The better part now of the lingring day, + They traveild had, whenas they farre espide + A weary wight forwandring by the way, 295 + And towards him they gan in haste to ride, + To weete of newes, that did abroad betide, + Or tydings of her knight of the Redcrosse. + But he them spying, gan to turne aside, + For feare as seemd, or for some feigned losse; 300 +More greedy they of newes, fast towards him do crosse. + + XXXV + +A silly man, in simple weedes forworne, + And soild with dust of the long dried way; + His sandales were with toilsome travell torne, + And face all tand with scorching sunny ray, 305 + As he had traveild many a sommers day, + Through boyling sands of Arabie and Ynde; + And in his hand a Jacobs staffe,[*] to stay + His wearie limbes upon: and eke behind, +His scrip did hang, in which his needments he did bind. 310 + + XXXVI + +The knight approaching nigh, of him inquerd + Tidings of warre, and of adventures new; + But warres, nor new adventures none he herd. + Then Una gan to aske, if ought he knew, + Or heard abroad of that her champion trew, 315 + That in his armour bare a croslet red. + Aye me, Deare dame (quoth he) well may I rew + To tell the sad sight which mine eies have red. +These eies did see that knight both living and eke ded. + + XXXVII + +That cruell word her tender hart so thrild, 320 + That suddein cold did runne through every vaine, + And stony horrour all her sences fild + With dying fit, that downe she fell for paine. + The knight her lightly reared up againe, + And comforted with curteous kind reliefe: 325 + Then, wonne from death, she bad him tellen plaine + The further processe of her hidden griefe: +The lesser pangs can beare, who hath endur'd the chiefe. + + XXXVIII + +Then gan the Pilgrim thus, I chaunst this day, + This fatall day, that shall I ever rew, 330 + To see two knights in travell on my way + (A sory sight) arraung'd in battell new, + Both breathing vengeaunce, both of wrathfull hew: + My fearefull flesh did tremble at their strife, + To see their blades so greedily imbrew, 335 + That drunke with bloud, yet thristed after life: +What more? the Redcrosse knight was slaine with Paynim knife. + + XXXIX + +Ah dearest Lord (quoth she) how might that bee, + And he the stoughtest knight, that ever wonne? + Ah dearest dame (quoth he) how might I see 340 + The thing, that might not be, and yet was donne? + Where is (said Satyrane) that Paynims sonne, + That him of life, and us of joy hath reft? + Not far away (quoth he) he hence doth wonne + Foreby a fountaine, where I late him left 345 +Washing his bloudy wounds, that through the steele were cleft. + + XL + +Therewith the knight thence marched forth in hast, + Whiles Una with huge heavinesse opprest, + Could not for sorrow follow him so fast; + And soone he came, as he the place had ghest, 350 + Whereas that Pagan proud him selfe did rest, + In secret shadow by a fountaine side: + Even he it was, that earst would have supprest + Faire Una: whom when Satyrane espide, +With fowle reprochfull words he boldly him defide. 355 + + XLI + +And said, Arise thou cursed Miscreaunt, + That hast with knightlesse guile and trecherous train + Faire knighthood fowly shamed, and doest vaunt + That good knight of the Redcrosse to have slain: + Arise, and with like treason now maintain 360 + Thy guilty wrong, or els thee guilty yield. + The Sarazin this hearing, rose amain, + And catching up in hast his three-square shield, +And shining helmet, soone him buckled to the field. + + XLII + +And drawing nigh him said, Ah misborne Elfe, 365 + In evill houre thy foes thee hither sent, + Anothers wrongs to wreake upon thy selfe: + Yet ill thou blamest me, for having blent + My name with guile and traiterous intent: + That Redcrosse knight, perdie, I never slew, 370 + But had he beene, where earst his arms were lent,[*] + Th' enchaunter vaine[*] his errour should not rew: +But thou his errour shalt,[*] I hope, now proven trew. + + XLIII + +Therewith they gan, both furious and fell, + To thunder blowes, and fiersly to assaile 375 + Each other bent his enimy to quell, + That with their force they perst both plate and maile, + And made wide furrowes in their fleshes fraile, + That it would pitty any living eie. + Large floods of bloud adowne their sides did raile; 380 + But floods of bloud could not them satisfie: +Both hungred after death: both chose to win, or die. + + XLIV + +So long they fight, and fell revenge pursue, + That fainting each, themselves to breathen let, + And oft refreshed, battell oft renue: 385 + As when two Bores with rancling malice met,[*] + Their gory sides fresh bleeding fiercely fret, + Til breathlesse both them selves aside retire, + Where foming wrath, their cruell tuskes they whet, + And trample th' earth, the whiles they may respire; 390 +Then backe to fight againe, new breathed and entire. + + XLV + +So fiersly, when these knights had breathed once, + They gan to fight returne, increasing more + Their puissant force, and cruell rage attonce. + With heaped strokes more hugely then before, 395 + That with their drerie wounds and bloudy gore + They both deformed, scarsely could be known. + By this, sad Una fraught with anguish sore, + Led with their noise, which through the aire was thrown: +Arriv'd, wher they in erth their fruitles bloud had sown. 400 + + XLVI + +Whom all so soone as that proud Sarazin + Espide, he gan revive the memory + Of his lewd lusts, and late attempted sin, + And left the doubtfull battell hastily, + To catch her, newly offred to his eie: 405 + But Satyrane with strokes him turning, staid, + And sternely bad him other businesse plie, + Then hunt the steps of pure unspotted Maid: +Wherewith he all enrag'd, these bitter speaches said. + + XLVII + +O foolish faeries son, what fury mad 410 + Hath thee incenst, to hast thy doefull fate? + Were it not better I that Lady had, + Then that thou hadst repented it too late? + Most senseless man he, that himselfe doth hate + To love another. Lo then for thine ayd 415 + Here take thy lovers token on thy pate.[*] + So they two fight; the whiles the royall Mayd +Fledd farre away, of that proud Paynim sore afrayd. + + XLVIII + +But that false Pilgrim, which that leasing told, + Being in deed old Archimage, did stay 420 + In secret shadow, all this to behold, + And much rejoiced in their bloudy fray: + But when he saw the Damsell passe away, + He left his stond, and her pursewd apace, + In hope to bring her to her last decay,[*] 425 + But for to tell her lamentable cace,[*] +And eke this battels end, will need another place. + + * * * * * + + CANTO VII + + The Redcrosse knight is captive made + by Gyaunt proud opprest, + Prince Arthur meets with Una great- + ly with those newes distrest. + + I + +What man so wise, what earthly wit so ware, + As to discry the crafty cunning traine, + By which deceipt doth maske in visour faire, + And cast her colours dyed deepe in graine, + To seeme like Truth, whose shape she well can faine, 5 + And fitting gestures to her purpose frame; + The guiltlesse man with guile to entertaine? + Great maistresse of her art was that false Dame, +The false Duessa, cloked with Fidessaes name. + + II + +Who when returning from the drery Night, 10 + She fownd not in that perilous house of Pryde, + Where she had left, the noble Redcrosse knight, + Her hoped pray; she would no lenger bide, + But forth she went, to seeke him far and wide. + Ere long she fownd, whereas he wearie sate 15 + To rest him selfe, foreby a fountaine side, + Disarmed all of yron-coted Plate, +And by his side his steed the grassy forage ate. + + III + +He feedes upon[*] the cooling shade, and bayes + His sweatie forehead in the breathing wind, 20 + Which through the trembling leaves full gently playes, + Wherein the cherefull birds of sundry kind + Do chaunt sweet musick, to delight his mind: + The Witch approaching gan him fairely greet, + And with reproch of carelesnesse unkind 25 + Upbrayd, for leaving her in place unmeet, +With fowle words tempring faire, soure gall with hony sweet. + + IV + +Unkindnesse past, they gan of solace treat, + And bathe in pleasaunce of the joyous shade, + Which shielded them against the boyling heat, 30 + And with greene boughes decking a gloomy glade, + About the fountaine like a girlond made; + Whose bubbling wave did ever freshly well, + Ne ever would through fervent sommer fade: + The sacred Nymph, which therein wont to dwell, 35 +Was out of Dianes favour, as it then befell. + + V + +The cause was this: One day, when Phoebe[*] fayre + With all her band was following the chace, + This Nymph, quite tyr'd with heat of scorching ayre, + Sat downe to rest in middest of the race: 40 + The goddesse wroth gan fowly her disgrace, + And bad the waters, which from her did flow, + Be such as she her selfe was then in place. + Thenceforth her waters waxed dull and slow, +And all that drinke thereof do faint and feeble grow.[*] 45 + + VI + +Hereof this gentle knight unweeting was, + And lying downe upon the sandie graile, + Drunke of the streame, as cleare as cristall glas: + Eftsoones his manly forces gan to faile, + And mightie strong was turned to feeble fraile. 50 + His chaunged powres at first them selves not felt, + Till crudled cold his corage gan assaile, + And cheareful bloud in faintnesse chill did melt, +Which like a fever fit through all his body swelt. + + VII + +Yet goodly court he made still to his Dame, 55 + Pourd[*] out in loosnesse on the grassy grownd, + Both carelesse of his health, and of his fame: + Till at the last he heard a dreadfull sownd, + Which through the wood loud bellowing did rebownd, + That all the earth for terrour seemd to shake, 60 + And trees did tremble. Th' Elfe therewith astownd, + Upstarted lightly from his looser make,[*] +And his unready weapons gan in hand to take. + + VIII + +But ere he could his armour on him dight, + Or get his shield, his monstrous enimy 65 + With sturdie steps came stalking in his sight, + An hideous Geant,[*] horrible and hye, + That with his tallnesse seemd to threat the skye, + The ground eke groned under him for dreed; + His living like saw never living eye, 70 + Ne durst behold: his stature did exceed +The hight of three the tallest sonnes of mortall seed. + + IX + +The greatest Earth his uncouth mother was, + And blustering Aeolus his boasted syre, + * * * * * + Brought forth this monstrous masse of earthly slime 75 +Puft up with emptie wind, and fild with sinfull crime. + + X + +So growen great through arrogant delight + Of th' high descent, whereof he was yborne, + And through presumption of his matchlesse might, + All other powres and knighthood he did scorne. 80 + Such now he marcheth to this man forlorne, + And left to losse: his stalking steps are stayde + Upon a snaggy Oke, which he had torne + Out of his mothers bowelles, and it made +His mortall mace, wherewith his foeman he dismayde. 85 + + XI + +That when the knight he spide, he gan advance + With huge force and insupportable mayne, + And towardes him with dreadfull fury praunce; + Who haplesse, and eke hopelesse, all in vaine + Did to him pace, sad battaile to darrayne, 90 + Disarmd, disgrast, and inwardly dismayde, + And eke so faint in every joynt and vaine, + Through that fraile fountaine, which him feeble made, +That scarsely could he weeld his bootlesse single blade. + + XII + +The Geaunt strooke so maynly mercilesse, 95 + That could have overthrowne a stony towre, + And were not heavenly grace, that did him blesse, + He had beene pouldred all, as thin as flowre: + But he was wary of that deadly stowre, + And lightly lept from underneath the blow: 100 + Yet so exceeding was the villeins powre, + That with the wind it did him overthrow, +And all his sences stound, that still he lay full low. + + XIII + +As when that divelish yron Engin[*] wrought + In deepest Hell, and framd by Furies skill, 105 + With windy Nitre and quick Sulphur fraught, + And ramd with bullet round, ordaind to kill, + Conceiveth fire, the heavens it doth fill + With thundring noyse, and all the ayre doth choke, + That none can breath, nor see, nor heare at will, 110 + Through smouldry cloud of duskish stincking smoke, +That th' onely breath[*] him daunts, who hath escapt the stroke. + + XIV + +So daunted when the Geaunt saw the knight, + His heavie hand he heaved up on hye, + And him to dust thought to have battred quight, 115 + Untill Duessa loud to him gan crye; + O great Orgoglio, greatest under skye, + O hold thy mortall hand for Ladies sake, + Hold for my sake, and do him not to dye,[*] + But vanquisht thine eternall bondslave make, 120 +And me, thy worthy meed, unto thy Leman take. + + XV + +He hearkned, and did stay from further harmes, + To gayne so goodly guerdon, as she spake: + So willingly she came into his armes, + Who her as willingly to grace did take, 125 + And was possessed of his new found make. + Then up he tooke the slombred sencelesse corse, + And ere he could out of his swowne awake, + Him to his castle brought with hastie forse, +And in a Dongeon deepe him threw without remorse. 130 + + XVI + +From that day forth Duessa was his deare, + And highly honourd in his haughtie eye, + He gave her gold and purple pall to weare, + And triple crowne set on her head full hye, + And her endowd with royall majestye: 135 + Then for to make her dreaded more of men, + And peoples harts with awfull terrour tye, + A monstrous beast[*] ybred in filthy fen +He chose, which he had kept long time in darksome den.[*] + + XVII + +Such one it was, as that renowmed Snake[*] 140 + Which great Alcides in Stremona slew, + Long fostred in the filth of Lerna lake, + Whose many heads out budding ever new + Did breed him endlesse labour to subdew: + But this same Monster much more ugly was; 145 + For seven great heads out of his body grew, + An yron brest, and back of scaly bras,[*] +And all embrewd in bloud, his eyes did shine as glas. + + XVIII + +His tayle was stretched out in wondrous length, + That to the house of heavenly gods it raught,[*] 150 + And with extorted powre, and borrow'd strength, + The ever-burning lamps from thence it braught, + And prowdly threw to ground, as things of naught; + And underneath his filthy feet did tread + The sacred things, and holy heasts foretaught.[*] 155 + Upon this dreadfull Beast with sevenfold head +He sett the false Duessa, for more aw and dread. + + XIX + +The wofull Dwarfe, which saw his maisters fall, + Whiles he had keeping of his grasing steed, + And valiant knight become a caytive thrall, 160 + When all was past, tooke up his forlorne weed,[*] + His mightie armour, missing most at need; + His silver shield, now idle maisterlesse; + His poynant speare, that many made to bleed, + The rueful moniments[*] of heavinesse, 165 +And with them all departes, to tell his great distresse. + + XX + +He had not travaild long, when on the way + He wofull Ladie, wofull Una met, + Fast flying from that Paynims greedy pray, + Whilest Satyrane him from pursuit did let: 170 + Who when her eyes she on the Dwarfe had set, + And saw the signes, that deadly tydings spake, + She fell to ground for sorrowfull regret, + And lively breath her sad brest did forsake, +Yet might her pitteous hart be seene to pant and quake. 175 + + XXI + +The messenger of so unhappie newes, + Would faine have dyde: dead was his hart within, + Yet outwardly some little comfort shewes: + At last recovering hart, he does begin + To rub her temples, and to chaufe her chin, 180 + And everie tender part does tosse and turne. + So hardly[*] he the flitted life does win, + Unto her native prison to retourne: +Then gins her grieved ghost thus to lament and mourne. + + XXII + +Ye dreary instruments of dolefull sight, 185 + That doe this deadly spectacle behold, + Why do ye lenger feed on loathed light, + Or liking find to gaze on earthly mould, + Sith cruell fates the carefull threeds unfould, + The which my life and love together tyde? 190 + Now let the stony dart of senselesse cold + Perce to my hart, and pas through every side, +And let eternall night so sad sight fro me hide. + + XXIII + +O lightsome day, the lampe of highest Jove, + First made by him, mens wandring wayes to guyde, 195 + When darkenesse he in deepest dongeon drove, + Henceforth thy hated face for ever hyde, + And shut up heavens windowes shyning wyde: + For earthly sight can nought but sorrow breed, + And late repentance, which shall long abyde. 200 + Mine eyes no more on vanitie shall feed, +But seeled up with death,[*] shall have their deadly meed. + + XXIV + +Then downe againe she fell unto the ground; + But he her quickly reared up againe: + Thrise did she sinke adowne in deadly swownd 205 + And thrise he her reviv'd with busie paine, + At last when life recover'd had the raine, + And over-wrestled his strong enemie, + With foltring tong, and trembling every vaine, + Tell on (quoth she) the wofull Tragedie, 210 +The which these reliques sad present unto mine eie. + + XXV + +Tempestuous fortune hath spent all her spight, + And thrilling sorrow throwne his utmost dart; + Thy sad tongue cannot tell more heavy plight, + Then that I feele, and harbour in mine hart: 215 + Who hath endur'd the whole, can beare each part. + If death it be, it is not the first wound, + That launched hath my brest with bleeding smart. + Begin, and end the bitter balefull stound;[*] +If lesse then that I feare,[*] more favour I have found. 220 + + XXVI + +Then gan the Dwarfe the whole discourse declare, + The subtill traines of Archimago old; + The wanton loves of false Fidessa faire, + Bought with the blood of vanquisht Paynim bold; + The wretched payre transformed to treen mould; 225 + The house of Pride, and perils round about; + The combat, which he with Sansjoy did hould; + The lucklesse conflict with the Gyant stout, +Wherein captiv'd, of life or death he stood in doubt. + + XXVII + +She heard with patience all unto the end, 230 + And strove to maister sorrowfull assay,[*] + Which greater grew, the more she did contend, + And almost rent her tender hart in tway; + And love fresh coles unto her fire did lay: + For greater love, the greater is the losse. 235 + Was never Lady[*] loved dearer day, + Then she did love the knight of the Redcrosse; +For whose deare sake so many troubles her did tosse. + + XXVIII + +At last when fervent sorrow slaked was, + She up arose, resolving him to find 240 + Alive or dead: and forward forth doth pas, + All as the Dwarfe the way to her assynd: + And evermore, in constant carefull mind, + She fed her wound with fresh renewed bale; + Long tost with stormes, and bet with bitter wind, 245 + High over hills, and low adowne the dale, +She wandred many a wood, and measurd many a vale. + + XXIX + +At last she chaunced by good hap to meet + A goodly knight,[*] faire marching by the way + Together with his Squire, arrayed meet: 250 + His glitterand armour shined farre away, + Like glauncing light of Phoebus brightest ray; + From top to toe no place appeared bare, + That deadly dint of steele endanger may: + Athwart his brest a bauldrick brave he ware, 255 +That shynd, like twinkling stars, with stons most pretious rare. + + XXX + +And in the midst thereof one pretious stone + Of wondrous worth, and eke of wondrous mights, + Shapt like a Ladies head,[*] exceeding shone, + Like Hesperus[*] emongst the lesser lights, 260 + And strove for to amaze the weaker sights: + Thereby his mortall blade full comely hong + In yvory sheath, ycarv'd with curious slights; + Whose hilts were burnisht gold, and handle strong +Of mother pearle, and buckled with a golden tong. 265 + + XXXI + +His haughtie helmet, horrid all with gold, + Both glorious brightnesse, and great terrour bred; + For all the crest a Dragon[*] did enfold + With greedie pawes, and over all did spred + His golden wings: his dreadfull hideous hed 270 + Close couched on the bever, seem'd to throw + From flaming mouth bright sparkles fierie red, + That suddeine horror to faint harts did show, +And scaly tayle was stretcht adowne his backe full low. + + XXXII + +Upon the top of all his loftie crest, 275 + A bunch of haires discolourd diversly, + With sprincled pearle, and gold full richly drest, + Did shake, and seemd to daunce for jollity, + Like to an Almond tree ymounted hye + On top of greene Selinis[*] all alone, 280 + With blossoms brave bedecked daintily; + Whose tender locks do tremble every one +At every little breath that under heaven is blowne. + + XXXIII + +His warlike shield[*] all closely cover'd was, + Ne might of mortall eye be ever seene; 285 + Not made of steele, nor of enduring bras, + Such earthly mettals soone consumed beene; + But all of Diamond perfect pure and cleene + It framed was, one massie entire mould, + Hewen out of Adamant rocke with engines keene, 290 + That point of speare it never percen could, +Ne dint of direfull sword divide the substance would. + + XXXIV + +The same to wight he never wont disclose, + But when as monsters huge he would dismay, + Or daunt unequall armies of his foes, 295 + Or when the flying heavens he would affray; + For so exceeding shone his glistring ray, + That Phoebus golden face it did attaint, + As when a cloud his beames doth over-lay; + And silver Cynthia[*] wexed pale and faint, 300 +As when her face is staynd with magicke arts constraint. + + XXXV + +No magicke arts hereof had any might, + Nor bloudie wordes of bold Enchaunters call; + But all that was not such as seemd in sight,[*] + Before that shield did fade, and suddeine fall; 305 + And, when him list[*] the raskall routes appall, + Men into stones therewith he could transmew, + And stones to dust, and dust to nought at all; + And when him list the prouder lookes subdew, +He would them gazing blind, or turne to other hew. 310 + + XXXVI + +Ne let it seeme, that credence this exceedes, + For he that made the same, was knowne right well + To have done much more admirable deedes. + It Merlin[*] was, which whylome did excell + All living wightes in might of magicke spell: 315 + Both shield, and sword, and armour all he wrought + For this young Prince, when first to armes he fell; + But when he dyde, the Faerie Queene it brought +To Faerie lond, where yet it may be seene, if sought. + + XXXVII + +A gentle youth, his dearely loved Squire, 320 + His speare of heben wood behind him bare, + Whose harmefull head, thrice heated in the fire, + Had riven many a brest with pikehead square: + A goodly person, and could menage faire + His stubborne steed with curbed canon bit, 325 + Who under him did trample[*] as the aire, + And chauft, that any on his backe should sit; +The yron rowels into frothy fome he bit. + + XXXVIII + +When as this knight nigh to the Ladie drew, + With lovely court he gan her entertaine; 330 + But when he heard her answeres loth, he knew + Some secret sorrow did her heart distraine: + Which to allay, and calme her storming paine, + Faire feeling words he wisely gan display, + And for her humour[*] fitting purpose faine, 335 + To tempt the cause it selfe for to bewray; +Wherewith emmov'd, these bleeding words she gan to say. + + XXXIX + +What worlds delight, or joy of living speach + Can heart, so plung'd in sea of sorrowes deep, + And heaped with so huge misfortunes, reach? 340 + The carefull cold beginneth for to creepe, + And in my heart his yron arrow steepe, + Soone as I thinke upon my bitter bale: + Such helplesse harmes yts better hidden keepe, + Then rip up griefe, where it may not availe, 345 +My last left comfort is, my woes to weepe and waile. + + XL + +Ah Ladie deare, quoth then the gentle knight, + Well may I weene your griefe is wondrous great; + For wondrous great griefe groneth in my spright, + Whiles thus I heare you of your sorrowes treat. 350 + But wofull Ladie, let me you intrete + For to unfold the anguish of your hart: + Mishaps are maistred by advice discrete, + And counsell mittigates the greatest smart; +Found[*] never helpe who never would his hurts impart. 355 + + XLI + +O but (quoth she) great griefe will not be tould,[*] + And can more easily be thought then said. + Right so (quoth he), but he that never would, + Could never: will to might gives greatest aid. + But griefe (quoth she) does greater grow displaid, 360 + If then it find not helpe, and breedes despaire. + Despaire breedes not (quoth he) where faith is staid. + No faith[*] so fast (quoth she) but flesh does paire. +Flesh may empaire (quoth he) but reason can repaire. + + XLII + +His goodly reason, and well guided speach, 365 + So deepe did settle in her gracious thought, + That her perswaded to disclose the breach, + Which love and fortune in her heart had wrought, + And said; Faire Sir, I hope good hap hath brought + You to inquire the secrets of my griefe, 370 + Or that your wisedome will direct my thought, + Or that your prowesse can me yield reliefe: +Then heare the storie sad, which I shall tell you briefe. + + XLIII + +The forlorne Maiden, whom your eyes have seene + The laughing stocke of fortunes mockeries, 375 + Am th' only daughter[*] of a King and Queene, + Whose parents deare, whilest equal destinies[*] + Did runne about, and their felicities + The favourable heavens did not envy, + Did spread their rule through all the territories, 380 + Which Phison[*] and Euphrates floweth by, +And Gehons golden waves doe wash continually. + + XLIV + +Till that their cruell cursed enemy, + An huge great Dragon horrible in sight, + Bred in the loathly lakes of Tartary,[*] 385 + With murdrous ravine, and devouring might + Their kingdome spoild, and countrey wasted quight: + Themselves, for feare into his jawes to fall, + He forst to castle strong to take their flight, + Where fast embard in mighty brasen wall, 390 +He has them now foure yeres besiegd to make them thrall.[*] + + XLV + +Full many knights adventurous and stout + Have enterpriz'd that Monster to subdew; + From every coast that heaven walks about,[*] + Have thither come the noble Martiall crew, 395 + That famous hard atchievements still pursew; + Yet never any could that girlond win, + But all still shronke, and still he greater grew: + All they for want of faith, or guilt of sin, +The pitteous pray of his fierce crueltie have bin. 400 + + XLVI + +At last yledd with farre reported praise, + Which flying fame throughout the world had spred, + Of doughty knights, whom Faery land did raise, + That noble order[*] hight of Maidenhed, + Forthwith to court of Gloriane[*] I sped 405 + Of Gloriane great Queene of glory bright, + Whose Kingdomes seat Cleopolis[*] is red, + There to obtaine some such redoubted knight, +The Parents deare from tyrants powre deliver might. + + XLVII + +It was my chance (my chance was faire and good) 410 + There for to find a fresh unproved knight, + Whose manly hands imbrew'd in guiltie blood + Had never bene, ne ever by his might + Had throwne to ground the unregarded right: + Yet of his prowesse proofe he since hath made 415 + (I witnesse am) in many a cruell fight; + The groning ghosts of many one dismaide +Have felt the bitter dint of his avenging blade. + + XLVIII + +And ye the forlorne reliques of his powre, + His byting sword, and his devouring speare, 420 + Which have endured many a dreadfull stowre, + Can speake his prowesse, that did earst you beare, + And well could rule: now he hath left you heare + To be the record of his ruefull losse, + And of my dolefull disaventurous deare:[*] 425 + O heavie record of the good Redcrosse, +Where have you left your Lord, that could so well you tosse? + + XLIX + +Well hoped I, and faire beginnings had, + That he my captive languor[*] should redeeme, + Till all unweeting, an Enchaunter bad 430 + His sence abusd, and made him to misdeeme + My loyalty,[*] not such as it did seeme; + That rather death desire, then such despight. + Be judge ye heavens, that all things right esteeme, + How I him lov'd, and love with all my might, 435 +So thought I eke of him, and thinke I thought aright. + + L + +Thenceforth me desolate he quite forsooke, + To wander, where wilde fortune would me lead, + And other bywaies he himselfe betooke, + Where never foot of living wight did tread, 440 + That brought[*] not backe the balefull body dead; + In which him chaunced false Duessa meete, + Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread, + Who with her witchcraft, and misseeming sweete, +Inveigled him to follow her desires unmeete. 445 + + LI + +At last by subtill sleights she him betraid + Unto his foe, a Gyant huge and tall, + Who him disarmed, dissolute, dismaid, + Unwares surprised, and with mighty mall + The monster mercilesse him made to fall, 450 + Whose fall did never foe before behold; + And now in darkesome dungeon, wretched thrall, + Remedilesse, for aie he doth him hold; +This is my cause of griefe, more great then may be told. + + LII + +Ere she had ended all, she gan to faint: 455 + But he her comforted and faire bespake, + Certes, Madame, ye have great cause of plaint, + The stoutest heart, I weene, could cause to quake. + But be of cheare, and comfort to you take: + For till I have acquit your captive knight, 460 + Assure your selfe, I will you not forsake. + His chearefull wordes reviv'd her chearelesse spright, +So forth they went, the Dwarfe them guiding ever right. + + * * * * * + + CANTO VIII + + Faire virgin, to redeeme her deare + brings Arthur to the fight: + Who slayes that Gyant, woundes the beast, + and strips Duessa quight. + + I + +Ay me, how many perils doe enfold + The righteous man, to make him daily fall, + Were not that heavenly grace doth him uphold, + And stedfast truth acquite him out of all. + Her love is firme, her care continuall, 5 + So oft as he through his owne foolish pride, + Or weaknesse is to sinfull bands made thrall: + Else should this Redcrosse knight in bands have dydd +For whose deliverance she this Prince doth thither guide. + + II + +They sadly traveild thus, until they came 10 + Nigh to a castle builded strong and hie: + Then cryde the Dwarfe, Lo yonder is the same, + In which my Lord my liege doth lucklesse lie, + Thrall to that Gyants hateful tyrannie: + Therefore, deare Sir, your mightie powres assay. 15 + The noble knight alighted by and by + From loftie steede, and bad the Ladie stay, +To see what end of fight should him befall that day. + + III + +So with the Squire, th' admirer of his might, + He marched forth towards that castle wall; 20 + Whose gates he found fast shut, ne living wight + To ward the same, nor answere commers call. + Then tooke that Squire an horne[*] of bugle small. + Which hong adowne his side in twisted gold + And tassels gay. Wyde wonders over all 25 + Of that same hornes great vertues weren told, +Which had approved bene in uses manifold. + + IV + +Was never wight that heard that shrilling sownd, + But trembling feare did feel in every vaine; + Three miles it might be easie heard around, 30 + And Ecchoes three answerd it selfe againe: + No false enchauntment, nor deceiptfull traine, + Might once abide the terror of that blast, + But presently was voide and wholly vaine: + No gate so strong, no locke so firme and fast, 35 +But with that percing noise flew open quite, or brast. + + V + +The same before the Geants gate he blew, + That all the castle quaked from the ground, + And every dore of freewill open flew. + The Gyant selfe dismaied with that sownd, 40 + Where he with his Duessa dalliance fownd, + In hast came rushing forth from inner bowre, + With staring countenance sterne, as one astownd, + And staggering steps, to weet, what suddein stowre, +Had wrought that horror strange, and dar'd his dreaded powre. 45 + + VI + +And after him the proud Duessa came + High mounted on her many-headed beast; + And every head with fyrie tongue did flame, + And every head was crowned on his creast, + And bloody mouthed with late cruell feast.[*] 50 + That when the knight beheld, his mightie shild + Upon his manly arme he soone addrest, + And at him fiercely flew, with courage fild, +And eger greedinesse through every member thrild. + + VII + +Therewith the Gyant buckled him to fight, 55 + Inflam'd with scornefull wrath and high disdaine, + And lifting up his dreadfull club on hight, + All arm'd with ragged snubbes and knottie graine, + Him thought at first encounter to have slaine. + But wise and wary was that noble Pere, 60 + And lightly leaping from so monstrous maine, + Did faire avoide the violence him nere; +It booted nought to thinke such thunderbolts to beare. + + VIII + +Ne shame he thought to shunne so hideous might: + The idle stroke, enforcing furious way, 65 + Missing the marke of his misaymed sight + Did fall to ground, and with his heavie sway + So deepely dinted in the driven clay, + That three yardes deepe a furrow up did throw: + The sad earth wounded with so sore assay, 70 + Did grone full grievous underneath the blow, +And trembling with strange feare, did like an earthquake show. + + IX + +As when almightie Jove, in wrathfull mood,[*] + To wreake the guilt of mortall sins is bent, + Hurles forth his thundring dart with deadly food, 75 + Enrold in flames, and smouldring dreriment, + Through riven cloudes and molten firmament; + The fierce threeforked engin making way + Both loftie towres and highest trees hath rent, + And all that might his angry passage stay, 80 +And shooting in the earth, casts up a mount of clay. + + X + +His boystrous club, so buried in the ground, + He could not rearen up againe so light, + But that the knight him at avantage found, + And whiles he strove his combred clubbe to quight 85 + Out of the earth, with blade all burning bright + He smote off his left arme, which like a blocke + Did fall to ground, depriv'd of native might; + Large streames of bloud out of the truncked stocke +Forth gushed, like fresh water streame from riven rocke. 90 + + XI + +Dismayed with so desperate deadly wound, + And eke impatient of unwonted paine, + He lowdly brayd with beastly yelling sound, + That all the fields rebellowed againe; + As great a noyse, as when in Cymbrian plaine[*] 95 + An heard of Bulles, whom kindly rage[*] doth sting, + Do for the milkie mothers want complaine, + And fill the fields with troublous bellowing, +The neighbour woods around with hollow murmur ring. + + XII + +That when his deare Duessa heard, and saw 100 + The evil stownd, that daungerd her estate, + Unto his aide she hastily did draw + Her dreadfull beast, who swolne with blood of late + Came ramping forth with proud presumpteous gate, + And threatned all his heads like flaming brands.[*] 105 + But him the Squire made quickly to retrate, + Encountring fierce with single sword in hand, +And twixt him and his Lord did like a bulwarke stand. + + XIII + +The proud Duessa, full of wrathfull spight, + And fierce disdaine, to be affronted so, 110 + Enforst her purple beast with all her might + That stop out of the way to overthroe, + Scorning the let of so unequall foe: + But nathemore would that courageous swayne + To her yeeld passage, gainst his Lord to goe, 115 + But with outrageous strokes did him restraine, +And with his bodie bard the way atwixt them twaine. + + XIV + +Then tooke the angrie witch her golden cup,[*] + Which still she bore, replete with magick artes; + Death and despeyre did many thereof sup, 120 + And secret poyson through their inner parts, + Th' eternall bale of heavie wounded harts; + Which after charmes and some enchauntments said + She lightly sprinkled on his weaker parts; + Therewith his sturdie courage soone was quayd, 125 +And all his senses were with suddeine dread dismayd. + + XV + +So downe he fell before the cruell beast, + Who on his neck his bloody clawes did seize, + That life nigh crusht out of his panting brest: + No powre he had to stirre, nor will to rize. 130 + That when the carefull knight gan well avise, + He lightly left the foe, with whom he fought, + And to the beast gan turne his enterprise; + For wondrous anguish in his hart it wrought, +To see his loved Squire into such thraldome brought. 135 + + XVI + +And high advauncing his blood-thirstie blade, + Stroke one of those deformed heads so sore, + That of his puissance proud ensample made; + His monstrous scalpe downe to his teeth it tore, + And that misformed shape mis-shaped more: 140 + A sea of blood gusht from the gaping wound, + That her gay garments staynd with filthy gore, + And overflowed all the field around; +That over shoes in bloud he waded on the ground. + + XVII + +Thereat he roared for exceeding paine, 145 + That to have heard great horror would have bred, + And scourging th' emptie ayre with his long traine, + Through great impatience[*] of his grieved hed + His gorgeous ryder from her loftie sted + Would have cast downe, and trod in durtie myre, 150 + Had not the Gyant soone her succoured; + Who all enrag'd with smart and franticke yre, +Came hurtling in full fierce, and forst the knight retyre. + + XVIII + +The force which wont in two to be disperst, + In one alone left hand[*] he now unites, 155 + Which is through rage more strong than both were erst; + With which his hideous club aloft he dites, + And at his foe with furious rigour smites, + That strongest Oake might seeme to overthrow: + The stroke upon his shield so heavie lites, 160 + That to the ground it doubleth him full low: +What mortall wight could ever beare so monstrous blow? + + XIX + +And in his fall his shield,[*] that covered was, + Did loose his vele by chaunce, and open flew: + The light whereof, that heavens light did pas, 165 + Such blazing brightnesse through the aier threw, + That eye mote not the same endure to vew. + Which when the Gyaunt spyde with staring eye, + He downe let fall his arme, and soft withdrew + His weapon huge, that heaved was on hye 170 +For to have slaine the man, that on the ground did lye. + + XX + +And eke the fruitfull-headed beast, amazd + At flashing beames of that sunshiny shield, + Became starke blind, and all his sences daz'd, + That downe he tumbled on the durtie field, 175 + And seem'd himselfe as conquered to yield. + Whom when his maistresse proud perceiv'd to fall, + Whiles yet his feeble feet for faintnesse reeld, + Unto the Gyant loudly she gan call, +O helpe Orgoglio, helpe, or else we perish all. 180 + + XXI + +At her so pitteous cry was much amoov'd + Her champion stout, and for to ayde his frend, + Againe his wonted angry weapon proov'd: + But all in vaine: for he has read his end + In that bright shield, and all their forces spend 185 + Themselves in vaine: for since that glauncing sight, + He had no powre to hurt, nor to defend; + As where th' Almighties lightning brond does light, +It dimmes the dazed eyen, and daunts the senses quight. + + XXII + +Whom when the Prince, to battell new addrest, 190 + And threatning high his dreadfull stroke did see, + His sparkling blade about his head he blest, + And smote off quite his right leg by the knee, + That downe he tombled; as an aged tree, + High growing on the top of rocky clift, 195 + Whose hartstrings with keene steele nigh hewen be, + The mightie trunck halfe rent, with ragged rift +Doth roll adowne the rocks, and fall with fearefull drift. + + XXIII + +Or as a Castle reared high and round, + By subtile engins and malitious slight 200 + Is undermined from the lowest ground, + And her foundation forst, and feebled quight, + At last downe falles, and with her heaped hight + Her hastie ruine does more heavie make, + And yields it selfe unto the victours might; 205 + Such was this Gyants fall, that seemd to shake +The stedfast globe of earth, as it for feare did quake. + + XXIV + +The knight then lightly leaping to the pray, + With mortall steele him smot againe so sore, + That headlesse his unweldy bodie lay, 210 + All wallowd in his owne fowle bloudy gore, + Which flowed from his wounds in wondrous store. + But soone as breath out of his breast did pas, + That huge great body, which the Gyaunt bore, + Was vanisht quite, and of that monstrous mas 215 +Was nothing left, but like an emptie bladder was. + + XXV + +Whose grievous fall, when false Duessa spide, + Her golden cup she cast unto the ground, + And crowned mitre rudely threw aside; + Such percing griefe her stubborne hart did wound, 220 + That she could not endure that dolefull stound, + But leaving all behind her, fled away; + The light-foot Squire her quickly turnd around, + And by hard meanes enforcing her to stay, +So brought unto his Lord, as his deserved pray. 225 + + XXVI + +The royall Virgin which beheld from farre, + In pensive plight, and sad perplexitie, + The whole atchievement of this doubtfull warre, + Came running fast to greet his victorie, + With sober gladnesse, and myld modestie, 230 + And with sweet joyous cheare him thus bespake: + Faire braunch of noblesse, flowre of chevalrie, + That with your worth the world amazed make, +How shall I quite the paines ye suffer for my sake? + + XXVII + +And you fresh budd of vertue springing fast, 235 + Whom these sad eyes saw nigh unto deaths dore, + What hath poore Virgin for such perill past + Wherewith you to reward? Accept therefore + My simple selfe, and service evermore; + And he that high does sit, and all things see 240 + With equall eyes, their merites to restore, + Behold what ye this day have done for mee, +And what I cannot quite, requite with usuree. + + XXVIII + +But sith the heavens, and your faire handeling + Have made you master of the field this day, 245 + Your fortune maister[*] eke with governing, + And well begun end all so well, I pray. + Ne let that wicked woman scape away; + For she it is, that did my Lord bethrall, + My dearest Lord, and deepe in dongeon lay, 250 + Where he his better dayes hath wasted all. +O heare, how piteous he to you for ayd does call. + + XXIX + +Forthwith he gave in charge unto his Squire, + That scarlot whore to keepen carefully; + Whiles he himselfe with greedie great desire 255 + Into the Castle entred forcibly, + Where living creature none he did espye; + Then gan he lowdly through the house to call: + But no man car'd to answere to his crye. + There raignd a solemne silence over all, 260 +Nor voice was heard, nor wight was seene in bowre or hall. + + XXX + +At last with creeping crooked pace forth came + An old old man, with beard as white as snow, + That on a staffe his feeble steps did frame, + And guide his wearie gate both to and fro: 265 + For his eye sight him failed long ygo, + And on his arme a bounch of keyes he bore, + The which unused rust[*] did overgrow: + Those were the keyes of every inner dore, +But he could not them use, but kept them still in store. 270 + + XXXI + +But very uncouth sight was to behold, + How he did fashion his untoward pace, + For as he forward moov'd his footing old, + So backward still was turnd his wrincled face, + Unlike to men, who ever as they trace, 275 + Both feet and face one way are wont to lead. + This was the auncient keeper of that place, + And foster father of the Gyant dead; +His name Ignaro did his nature right aread. + + XXXII + +His reverend haires and holy gravitie 280 + The knight much honord, as beseemed well, + And gently askt, where all the people bee, + Which in that stately building wont to dwell. + Who answerd him full soft, he could not tell. + Again he askt, where that same knight was layd, 285 + Whom great Orgoglio with his puissance fell + Had made his caytive thrall, againe he sayde, +He could not tell: ne ever other answere made. + + XXXIII + +Then asked he, which way he in might pas: + He could not tell, againe he answered. 290 + Thereat the curteous knight displeased was, + And said, Old sire, it seemes thou hast not red + How ill it sits with that same silver hed, + In vaine to mocke, or mockt in vaine to bee: + But if thou be, as thou art pourtrahed 295 + With natures pen,[*] in ages grave degree, +Aread in graver wise, what I demaund of thee. + + XXXIV + +His answere likewise was, he could not tell. + Whose sencelesse speach, and doted ignorance + When as the noble Prince had marked well, 300 + He ghest his nature by his countenance, + And calmd his wrath with goodly temperance. + Then to him stepping, from his arme did reach + Those keyes, and made himselfe free enterance. + Each dore he opened without any breach; 305 +There was no barre to stop, nor foe him to empeach. + + XXXV + +There all within full rich arrayd he found, + With royall arras and resplendent gold. + And did with store of every thing abound, + That greatest Princes[*] presence might behold. 310 + But all the floore (too filthy to be told) + With bloud of guiltlesse babes, and innocents trew,[*] + Which there were slaine, as sheepe out of the fold, + Defiled was, that dreadfull was to vew, +And sacred ashes over it was strowed new.[*] 315 + + XXXVI + +And there beside of marble stone was built + An Altare,[*] carv'd with cunning ymagery, + On which true Christians bloud was often spilt, + And holy Martyrs often doen to dye, + With cruell malice and strong tyranny: 320 + Whose blessed sprites from underneath the stone + To God for vengeance cryde continually, + And with great griefe were often heard to grone, +That hardest heart would bleede, to hear their piteous mone. + + XXXVII + +Through every rowme he sought, and every bowr, 325 + But no where could he find that woful thrall: + At last he came unto an yron doore, + That fast was lockt, but key found not at all + Emongst that bounch, to open it withall; + But in the same a little grate was pight, 330 + Through which he sent his voyce, and lowd did call + With all his powre, to weet, if living wight +Were housed there within, whom he enlargen might. + + XXXVIII + +Therewith an hollow, dreary, murmuring voyce + These pitteous plaints and dolours did resound; 335 + O who is that, which brings me happy choyce + Of death, that here lye dying every stound, + Yet live perforce in balefull darkenesse bound? + For now three Moones have changed thrice their hew, + And have been thrice hid underneath the ground, 340 + Since I the heavens chearfull face did vew, +O welcome thou, that doest of death bring tydings trew. + + XXXIX + +Which when that Champion heard, with percing point + Of pitty deare his hart was thrilled sore, + And trembling horrour ran through every joynt 345 + For ruth of gentle knight so fowle forlore: + Which shaking off, he rent that yron dore, + With furious force, and indignation fell; + Where entred in, his foot could find no flore, + But all a deepe descent, as darke as hell, 350 +That breathed ever forth a filthie banefull smell. + + XL + +But neither darkenesse fowle, nor filthy bands, + Nor noyous smell his purpose could withhold, + (Entire affection hateth nicer hands) + But that with constant zeale, and courage bold, 355 + After long paines and labours manifold, + He found the meanes that Prisoner up to reare; + Whose feeble thighes, unhable to uphold + His pined corse, him scarse to light could beare. +A ruefull spectacle of death and ghastly drere. 360 + + XLI + +His sad dull eyes deepe sunck in hollow pits, + Could not endure th' unwonted sunne to view; + His bare thin cheekes for want of better bits, + And empty sides deceived of their dew, + Could make a stony hart his hap to rew; 365 + His rawbone armes, whose mighty brawned bowrs[*] + Were wont to rive steele plates, and helmets hew, + Were cleane consum'd, and all his vitall powres +Decayd, and all his flesh shronk up like withered flowres. + + XLII + +Whom when his Lady saw, to him she ran 370 + With hasty joy: to see him made her glad, + And sad to view his visage pale and wan, + Who earst in flowres of freshest youth was clad. + Tho when her well of teares she wasted had, + She said, Ah dearest Lord, what evill starre[*] 375 + On you hath fround, and pourd his influence bad, + That of your selfe ye thus berobbed arre, +And this misseeming hew your manly looks doth marre? + + XLIII + +But welcome now my Lord, in wele or woe, + Whose presence I have lackt too long a day; 380 + And fie on Fortune mine avowed foe,[*] + Whose wrathful wreakes them selves doe now alay. + And for these wrongs shall treble penaunce pay + Of treble good: good growes of evils priefe.[*] + The chearelesse man, whom sorrow did dismay, 385 + Had no delight to treaten of his griefe; +His long endured famine needed more reliefe. + + XLIV + +Faire Lady, then said that victorious knight, + The things, that grievous were to do, or beare, + Them to renew, I wote, breeds no delight; 390 + Best musicke breeds delight[*] in loathing eare: + But th' onely good, that growes of passed feare, + Is to be wise, and ware of like agein. + This dayes ensample hath this lesson deare + Deepe written in my heart with yron pen, 395 +That blisse may not abide in state of mortall men. + + XLV + +Henceforth sir knight, take to you wonted strength, + And maister these mishaps with patient might; + Loe where your foe lyes stretcht in monstrous length, + And loe that wicked woman in your sight, 400 + The roote of all your care, and wretched plight, + Now in your powre, to let her live, or dye. + To do her dye (quoth Una) were despight, + And shame t'avenge so weake an enimy; +But spoile her of her scarlot robe, and let her fly. 405 + + XLVI + +So as she bad, that witch they disaraid,[*] + And robd of royall robes, and purple pall, + And ornaments that richly were displaid; + Ne spared they to strip her naked all. + Then when they had despoiled her tire and call, 410 + Such as she was, their eyes might her behold, + That her misshaped parts did them appall, + A loathly, wrinckled hag, ill favoured, old, +Whose secret filth good manners biddeth not be told. + + * * * * * + + XLIX + +Which when the knights beheld, amazd they were, 415 + And wondred at so fowle deformed wight. + Such then (said Una) as she seemeth here, + Such is the face of falshood, such the sight + Of fowle Duessa, when her borrowed light + Is laid away, and counterfesaunce knowne. 420 + Thus when they had the witch disrobed quight, + And all her filthy feature open showne, +They let her goe at will, and wander wayes unknowne. + + L + +She flying fast from heavens hated face, + And from the world that her discovered wide, 425 + Fled to the wastfull wildernesse apace, + From living eyes her open shame to hide, + And lurkt in rocks and caves long unespide. + But that faire crew of knights, and Una faire + Did in that castle afterwards abide, 430 + To rest them selves, and weary powres repaire, +Where store they found of all that dainty was and rare. + + * * * * * + + CANTO IX + + His loves and lignage Arthur tells: + the Knights knit friendly hands: + Sir Trevisan flies from Despayre, + whom Redcrosse Knight withstands. + + I + +O goodly golden chaine,[*] wherewith yfere + The vertues linked are in lovely wize: + And noble mindes of yore allyed were, + In brave poursuit of chevalrous emprize, + That none did others safety despize, 5 + Nor aid envy to him, in need that stands, + But friendly each did others prayse devize, + How to advaunce with favourable hands, +As this good Prince redeemd the Redcrosse knight from bands. + + II + +Who when their powres empaird through labour long, 10 + With dew repast they had recured well, + And that weake captive wight now wexed strong, + Them list no lenger there at leasure dwell, + But forward fare, as their adventures fell, + But ere they parted, Una faire besought 15 + That straunger knight his name and nation tell; + Least so great good, as he for her had wrought, +Should die unknown, and buried be in thanklesse[*] thought. + + III + +Faire virgin (said the Prince) ye me require + A thing without the compas of my wit: 20 + For both the lignage and the certain Sire, + From which I sprong, from me are hidden yit. + For all so soone as life did me admit + Into this world, and shewed heavens light, + From mothers pap I taken was unfit: 25 + And streight deliver'd to a Faery knight,[*] +To be upbrought in gentle thewes and martiall might. + + IV + +Unto old Timon he me brought bylive, + Old Timon, who in youthly yeares hath beene + In warlike feates th'expertest man alive, 30 + And is the wisest now on earth I weene; + His dwelling is low in a valley greene, + Under the foot of Rauran mossy hore,[*] + From whence the river Dee[*] as silver cleene, + His tombling billowes roll with gentle rore: 35 +There all my dayes he traind me up in vertuous lore. + + V + +Thither the great magicien Merlin came, + As was his use, ofttimes to visit me: + For he had charge my discipline to frame,[*] + And Tutours nouriture to oversee. 40 + Him oft and oft I askt in privitie, + Of what loines and what lignage I did spring: + Whose aunswere bad me still assured bee, + That I was sonne and heire unto a king, +As time in her just terme[*] the truth to light should bring. 45 + + VI + +Well worthy impe, said then the Lady gent, + And pupill fit for such a Tutours hand. + But what adventure, or what high intent + Hath brought you hither into Faery land, + Aread Prince Arthur, crowne of Martiall band? 50 + Full hard it is (quoth he) to read aright + The course of heavenly cause, or understand + The secret meaning of th' eternall might, +That rules mens wayes, and rules the thoughts of living wight. + + VII + +For whether he through fatall deepe foresight 55 + Me hither sent, for cause to me unghest, + Or that fresh bleeding wound,[*] which day and night + Whilome doth rancle in my riven brest, + With forced fury[*] following his behest, + Me hither brought by wayes yet never found; 60 + You to have helpt I hold myself yet blest. + Ah curteous knight (quoth she) what secret wound +Could ever find,[*] to grieve the gentlest hart on ground? + + VIII + +Deare dame (quoth he) you sleeping sparkes awake,[*] + Which troubled once, into huge flames will grow, 65 + Ne ever will their fervent fury slake, + Till living moysture into smoke do flow, + And wasted life do lye in ashes low. + Yet sithens silence lesseneth not my fire, + But told[*] it flames, and hidden it does glow; 70 + I will revele what ye so much desire: +Ah Love, lay down thy bow, the whiles I may respire. + + IX + +It was in freshest flowre of youthly yeares, + When courage first does creepe in manly chest, + Then first the coale of kindly heat appeares 75 + To kindle love in every living brest; + But me had warnd old Timons wise behest, + Those creeping flames by reason to subdew, + Before their rage grew to so great unrest, + As miserable lovers use to rew, 80 +Which still wex old in woe, whiles woe still wexeth new. + + X + +That idle name of love, and lovers life, + As losse of time, and vertues enimy, + I ever scornd, and joyd to stirre up strife, + In middest of their mournfull Tragedy, 85 + Ay wont to laugh, when them I heard to cry, + And blow the fire, which them to ashes brent: + Their God himselfe, griev'd at my libertie, + Shot many a dart at me with fiers intent, +But I them warded all with wary government. 90 + + XI + +But all in vaine: no fort can be so strong, + Ne fleshly brest can armed be so sound, + But will at last be wonne with battrie long, + Or unawares at disadvantage found: + Nothing is sure, that growes on earthly ground: 95 + And who most trustes in arme of fleshly might, + And boasts in beauties chaine not to be bound, + Doth soonest fall in disaventrous fight, +And yeeldes his caytive neck to victours most despight. + + XII + +Ensample make[*] of him your haplesse joy, 100 + And of my selfe now mated, as ye see; + Whose prouder vaunt that proud avenging boy + Did soone pluck downe and curbd my libertie. + For on a day, prickt forth with jollitie + Of looser life, and heat of hardiment, 105 + Raunging the forest wide on courser free, + The fields, the floods, the heavens with one consent +Did seeme to laugh on me, and favour mine intent. + + XIII + +For-wearied with my sports, I did alight + From loftie steed, and downe to sleepe me layd; 110 + The verdant gras my couch did goodly dight, + And pillow was my helmet faire displayd: + Whiles every sence[*] the humour sweet embayd, + And slombring soft my hart did steale away, + Me seemed, by my side a royall Mayd 115 + Her daintie limbes full softly down did lay: +So faire a creature yet saw never sunny day. + + XIV + +Most goodly glee and lovely blandishment + She to me made, and bad me love her deare; + For dearely sure her love was to me bent, 120 + As when just time expired should appeare. + But whether dreames delude, or true it were, + Was never hart so ravisht with delight, + Ne living man like words did ever heare, + As she to me delivered all that night; 125 +And at her parting said, She Queene of Faeries hight. + + XV + +When I awoke, and found her place devoyd, + And nought but pressed gras, where she had lyen, + I sorrowed all so much as earst I joyd, + And washed all her place with watry eyen. 130 + From that day forth I lov'd that face divine; + From that day forth I cast in carefull mind + To seeke her out with labour, and long tyne, + And never vowd to rest till her I find, +Nine monethes I seeke in vain, yet ni'll that vow unbind. 135 + + XVI + +Thus as he spake, his visage wexed pale, + And chaunge of hew great passion did bewray; + Yet still he strove to cloke his inward bale, + And hide the smoke that did his fire display, + Till gentle Una thus to him gan say; 140 + O happy Queene of Faeries, that has found + Mongst many, one that with his prowesse may + Defend thine honour, and thy foes confound: +True Loves are often sown, but seldom grow on ground. + + XVII + +Thine, O then, said the gentle Recrosse knight, 145 + Next to that Ladies love,[*] shal be the place, + O fairest virgin, full of heavenly light, + Whose wondrous faith exceeding earthly race, + Was firmest fixt[*] in mine extremest case. + And you, my Lord, the Patrone of my life, 150 + Of that great Queene may well gaine worthy grace: + For onely worthy you through prowes priefe, +Yf living man mote worthie be, to be her liefe. + + XVIII + +So diversly discoursing of their loves, + The golden Sunne his glistring head gan shew, 155 + And sad remembraunce now the Prince amoves + With fresh desire his voyage to pursew; + Als Una earnd her traveill to renew. + Then those two knights, fast friendship for to bynd, + And love establish each to other trew, 160 + Gave goodly gifts, the signes of gratefull mynd, +And eke the pledges firme, right hands together joynd. + + XIX + +Prince Arthur gave a boxe of Diamond sure, + Embowd with gold and gorgeous ornament, + Wherein were closd few drops of liquor pure, 165 + Of wondrous worth, and vertue excellent, + That any wound could heale incontinent: + Which to requite, the Redcrosse knight him gave + A booke,[*] wherein his Saveours testament + Was writ with golden letters rich and brave; 170 +A worke of wondrous grace, and able soules to save. + + XX + +Thus beene they parted, Arthur on his way + To seeke his love, and th' other for to fight + With Unaes foe, that all her realme did pray. + But she now weighing the decayed plight, 175 + And shrunken synewes of her chosen knight, + Would not a while her forward course pursew, + Ne bring him forth in face of dreadfull fight, + Till he recovered had his former hew: +For him to be yet weake and wearie well she knew. 180 + + XXI + +So as they traveild, lo they gan espy + An armed knight[*] towards them gallop fast, + That seemed from some feared foe to fly, + Or other griesly thing, that him aghast. + Still as he fled, his eye was backward cast, 185 + As if his feare still followed him behind; + Als flew his steed, as he his bands had brast, + And with his winged heeles did tread the wind, +As he had beene a fole of Pegasus[*] his kind. + + XXII + +Nigh as he drew, they might perceive his head 190 + To be unarmd, and curld uncombed heares + Upstaring stiffe, dismayd with uncouth dread; + Nor drop of bloud in all his face appeares + Nor life in limbe: and to increase his feares + In fowle reproch of knighthoods faire degree, 195 + About his neck an hempen rope he weares, + That with his glistring armes does ill agree; +But he of rope or armes has now no memoree. + + XXIII + +The Redcrosse knight toward him crossed fast, + To weet, what mister wight was so dismayd: 200 + There him he finds all sencelesse and aghast, + That of him selfe he seemd to be afrayd; + Whom hardly he from flying forward stayd, + Till he these wordes to him deliver might; + Sir knight, aread who hath ye thus arayd, 205 + And eke from whom make ye this hasty flight: +For never knight I saw in such misseeming plight. + + XXIV + +He answerd nought at all, but adding new + Feare to his first amazment, staring wide + With stony eyes, and hartlesse hollow hew, 210 + Astonisht stood, as one that had aspide + Infernall furies, with their chaines untide. + Him yet againe, and yet againe bespake + The gentle knight; who nought to him replide, + But trembling every joint did inly quake, 215 +And foltring tongue at last these words seemd forth to shake. + + XXV + +For Gods deare love, Sir knight, do me not stay; + For loe he comes, he comes fast after mee. + Eft looking back would faine have runne away; + But he him forst to stay, and tellen free 220 + The secret cause of his perplexitie: + Yet nathemore by his bold hartie speach + Could his bloud-frosen hart emboldned bee, + But through his boldnesse rather feare did reach, +Yet forst, at last he made through silence suddein breach. 225 + + XXVI + +And am I now in safetie sure (quoth he) + From him, that would have forced me to dye? + And is the point of death now turnd fro mee, + That I may tell this haplesse history? + Feare nought: (quoth he) no daunger now is nye. 230 + Then shall I you recount a ruefull cace, + (Said he) the which with this unlucky eye + I late beheld, and had not greater grace[*] +Me reft from it, had bene partaker of the place. + + XXVII + +I lately chaunst (would I had never chaunst) 235 + With a faire knight to keepen companee, + Sir Terwin hight, that well himselfe advaunst + In all affaires, and was both bold and free, + But not so happy as mote happy bee: + He lov'd, as was his lot, a Ladie gent, 240 + That him againe lov'd in the least degree: + For she was proud, and of too high intent, +And joyd to see her lover languish and lament. + + XXVIII + +From whom returning sad and comfortlesse, + As on the way together we did fare, 245 + We met that villen (God from him me blesse) + That cursed wight, from whom I scapt whyleare, + A man of hell, that cals himselfe Despaire: + Who first us greets, and after faire areedes[*] + Of tydings strange, and of adventures rare: 250 + So creeping close, as Snake in hidden weedes, +Inquireth of our states, and of our knightly deedes. + + XXIX + +Which when he knew, and felt our feeble harts + Embost with bale, and bitter byting griefe, + Which love had launched with his deadly darts, 255 + With wounding words and termes of foule repriefe, + He pluckt from us all hope of due reliefe, + That earst us held in love of lingring life; + Then hopelesse hartlesse, gan the cunning thiefe + Perswade us die, to stint all further strife: 260 +To me he lent this rope, to him a rustie knife. + + XXX + +With which sad instrument of hasty death, + That wofull lover, loathing lenger light, + A wide way made to let forth living breath. + But I more fearfull, or more luckie wight, 265 + Dismayd with that deformed dismall sight, + Fled fast away, halfe dead with dying feare:[*] + Ne yet assur'd of life by you, Sir knight, + Whose like infirmitie[*] like chaunce may beare: +But God[*] you never let his charmed speeches heare. 270 + + XXXI + +How may a man (said he) with idle speach + Be wonne, to spoyle the Castle of his health?[*] + I wote[*] (quoth he) whom triall late did teach, + That like would not for all this worldes wealth: + His subtill tongue, like dropping honny, mealt'h[*] 275 + Into the hart, and searcheth every vaine; + That ere one be aware, by secret stealth + His powre is reft, and weaknesse doth remaine. +O never Sir desire to try his guilefull traine. + + XXXII + +Certes (said he) hence shall I never rest, 280 + Till I that treacherours art have heard and tride; + And you Sir knight, whose name mote I request, + Of grace do me unto his cabin guide. + I that hight Trevisan (quoth he) will ride, + Against my liking backe, to do you grace: 285 + But not for gold nor glee[*] will I abide + By you, when ye arrive in that same place +For lever had I die, then see his deadly face. + + XXXIII + +Ere long they come, where that same wicked wight + His dwelling has, low in an hollow cave, 290 + Farre underneath a craggie clift ypight, + Darke, dolefull, drearie, like a greedy grave, + That still for carrion carcases doth crave: + On top whereof aye dwelt the ghastly Owle,[*] + Shrieking his balefull note, which ever drave 295 + Far from that haunt all other chearefull fowle; +And all about it wandring ghostes did waile and howle. + + XXXIV + +And all about old stockes and stubs of trees, + Whereon nor fruit nor leafe was ever seene, + Did hang upon the ragged rocky knees; 300 + On which had many wretches hanged beene, + Whose carcases were scattered on the greene, + And throwne about the clifts. Arrived there, + That bare-head knight for dread and dolefull teene, + Would faine have fled, ne durst approchen neare, 305 +But th' other forst him stay, and comforted in feare. + + XXXV + +That darkesome cave they enter, where they find + That cursed man, low sitting on the ground, + Musing full sadly in his sullein mind; + His griesie lockes, long growen, and unbound, 310 + Disordred hong about his shoulders round, + And hid his face; through which his hollow eyne + Lookt deadly dull, and stared as astound; + His raw-bone cheekes, through penurie and pine, +Were shronke into his jawes, as[*] he did never dine. 315 + + XXXVI + +His garment nought but many ragged clouts, + With thornes together pind and patched was, + The which his naked sides he wrapt abouts; + And him beside there lay upon the gras + A drearie corse,[*] whose life away did pas, 320 + All wallowed in his owne yet luke-warme blood, + That from his wound yet welled fresh alas; + In which a rustie knife fast fixed stood, +And made an open passage for the gushing flood. + + XXXVII + +Which piteous spectacle, approving trew 325 + The wofull tale that Trevisan had told, + When as the gentle Redcrosse knight did vew, + With firie zeale he burnt in courage bold, + Him to avenge, before his bloud were cold, + And to the villein said, Thou damned wight, 330 + The author of this fact we here behold, + What justice can but judge against thee right,[*] +With thine owne bloud to price[*] his bloud, here shed in sight. + + XXXVIII + +What franticke fit (quoth he) hath thus distraught + Thee, foolish man, so rash a doome to give? 335 + What justice[*] ever other judgement taught, + But he should die, who merites not to live? + None else to death this man despayring drive, + But his owne guiltie mind deserving death. + Is then unjust[*] to each his due to give? 340 + Or let him die, that loatheth living breath? +Or let him die at ease, that liveth here uneath? + + XXXIX + +Who travels by the wearie wandring way,[*] + To come unto his wished home in haste, + And meetes a flood, that doth his passage stay, 345 + Is not great grace to helpe him over past, + Or free his feet that in the myre sticke fast? + Most envious man, that grieves at neighbours good, + And fond, that joyest in the woe thou hast, + Why wilt not let him passe, that long hath stood 350 +Upon the banke, yet wilt thy selfe not passe the flood? + + XL + +He there does now enjoy eternall rest + And happy ease, which thou dost want and crave, + And further from it daily wanderest: + What if some little paine the passage have, 355 + That makes fraile flesh to feare the bitter wave? + Is not short paine well borne, that brings long ease, + And layes the soule to sleepe in quiet grave? + Sleepe after toyle, port after stormie seas, +Ease after warre, death after life does greatly please. 360 + + XLI + +The knight much wondred at his suddeine wit,[*] + And said, The terme of life is limited, + Ne may a man prolong, nor shorten it; + The souldier may not move from watchfull sted, + Nor leave his stand, untill his Captaine bed. 365 + Who life did limit by almightie doome + (Quoth he)[*] knowes best the termes established; + And he, that points the Centonell his roome, +Doth license him depart at sound of morning droome. + + XLII + +Is not his deed, what ever thing is donne 370 + In heaven and earth? did not he all create + To die againe? all ends that was begonne. + Their times in his eternall booke of fate + Are written sure, and have their certaine date. + Who then can strive with strong necessitie, 375 + That holds the world in his still chaunging state, + Or shunne the death ordaynd by destinie? +When houre of death is come, let none aske whence, nor why. + + XLIII + +The lenger life, I wote the greater sin, + The greater sin, the greater punishment: 380 + All those great battels, which thou boasts to win, + Through strife, and blood-shed, and avengement, + Now praysd, hereafter deare thou shalt repent: + For life must life, and blood must blood repay. + Is not enough thy evill life forespent? 385 + For he that once hath missed the right way, +The further he doth goe, the further he doth stray. + + XLIV + +Then do no further goe, no further stray, + But here lie downe, and to thy rest betake, + Th' ill to prevent, that life ensewen may. 390 + For what hath life, that may it loved make, + And gives not rather cause it to forsake? + Feare, sicknesse, age, losse, labour, sorrow, strife, + Paine, hunger, cold, that makes the hart to quake; + And ever fickle fortune rageth rife, 395 +All which, and thousands mo do make a loathsome life. + + XLV + +Thou wretched man, of death hast greatest need, + If in true ballance thou wilt weigh thy state: + For never knight, that dared warlike deede, + More lucklesse disaventures did amate: 400 + Witnesse the dungeon deepe, wherein of late + Thy life shut up, for death so oft did call; + And though good lucke prolonged hath thy date,[*] + Yet death then would the like mishaps forestall, +Into the which hereafter thou maiest happen fall. 405 + + XLVI + +Why then doest thou, O man of sin, desire + To draw thy dayes forth to their last degree? + Is not the measure of thy sinfull hire[*] + High heaped up with huge iniquitie, + Against the day of wrath, to burden thee? 410 + Is not enough, that to this Ladie milde + Thou falsed hast thy faith with perjurie, + And sold thy selfe to serve Duessa vilde, +With whom in all abuse thou hast thy selfe defilde? + + XLVII + +Is not he just, that all this doth behold 415 + From highest heaven, and beares an equall eye? + Shall he thy sins up in his knowledge fold, + And guilty be of thine impietie? + Is not his law, Let every sinner die: + Die shall all flesh? what then must needs be donne, 420 + Is it not better to doe willinglie, + Then linger, till the glasse be all out ronne? +Death is the end of woes: die soone, O faeries sonne. + + XLVIII + +The knight was much enmoved with his speach, + That as a swords point through his hart did perse, 425 + And in his conscience made a secret breach, + Well knowing true all that he did reherse, + And to his fresh remembraunce did reverse + The ugly vew of his deformed crimes, + That all his manly powres it did disperse, 430 + As he were charmed[*] with inchaunted rimes, +That oftentimes he quakt, and fainted oftentimes. + + XLIX + +In which amazement, when the Miscreant + Perceived him to waver weake and fraile, + Whiles trembling horror did his conscience dant, 435 + And hellish anguish did his soule assaile, + To drive him to despaire, and quite to quaile, + He shew'd him painted in a table[*] plaine, + The damned ghosts, that doe in torments waile, + And thousand feends that doe them endlesse paine 440 +With fire and brimstone, which for ever shall remaine. + + L + +The sight whereof so throughly him dismaid, + That nought but death before his eyes he saw, + And ever burning wrath before him laid, + By righteous sentence of th' Almighties law. 445 + Then gan the villein him to overcraw, + And brought unto him swords, ropes, poison, fire, + And all that might him to perdition draw; + And bad him choose, what death he would desire: +For death was due to him, that had provokt Gods ire. 450 + + LI + +But when as none of them he saw him take, + He to him raught a dagger sharpe and keene, + And gave it him in hand: his hand did quake, + And tremble like a leafe of Aspin greene, + And troubled bloud through his pale face was seene 455 + To come, and goe with tidings from the heart, + As it a running messenger had beene. + At last resolv'd to worke his finall smart, +He lifted up his hand, that backe againe did start. + + LII + +Which whenas Una saw, through every vaine 460 + The crudled cold ran to her well of life, + As in a swowne: but soone reliv'd againe, + Out of his hand she snatcht the cursed knife, + And threw it to the ground, enraged rife, + And to him said, Fie, fie, faint harted knight, 465 + What meanest thou by this reprochfull strife? + Is this the battell, which thou vauntst to fight +With that fire-mouthed Dragon,[*] horrible and bright? + + LIII + +Come, come away, fraile, seely, fleshly wight, + Ne let vaine words bewitch thy manly hart, 470 + Ne divelish thoughts dismay thy constant spright. + In heavenly mercies hast thou not a part? + Why shouldst thou then despeire, that chosen art?[*] + Where justice growes, there grows eke greater grace, + The which doth quench the brond of hellish smart, 475 + And that accurst hand-writing[*] doth deface. +Arise, Sir knight, arise, and leave this cursed place. + + LIV + +So up he rose, and thence amounted streight. + Which when the carle beheld, and saw his guest + Would safe depart for all his subtill sleight, 480 + He chose an halter from among the rest, + And with it hung himselfe, unbid unblest. + But death he could not worke himselfe thereby; + For thousand times he so himselfe had drest,[*] + Yet nathelesse it could not doe him die, 485 +Till he should die his last, that is, eternally. + + * * * * * + + CANTO X + + Her faithfull knight faire Una brings + to house of Holinesse, + Where he is taught repentance, and + the way to heavenly blesse. + + I + +What man is he, that boasts of fleshly might + And vaine assurance of mortality, + Which all so soone as it doth come to fight + Against spirituall foes, yeelds by and by, + Or from the field most cowardly doth fly? 5 + Ne let the man ascribe it to his skill, + That thorough grace hath gained victory. + If any strength we have, it is to ill, +But all the good is Gods, both power and eke will. + + II + +But that, which lately hapned, Una saw, 10 + That this her knight was feeble, and too faint; + And all his sinews woxen weake and raw, + Through long enprisonment, and hard constraint, + Which he endured in his late restraint, + That yet he was unfit for bloudy fight: 15 + Therefore to cherish him with diets daint, + She cast to bring him, where he chearen might. +Till he recovered had his late decayed plight. + + III + +There was an auntient house[*] not farre away, + Renowmd throughout the world for sacred lore, 20 + And pure unspotted life: so well they say + It governd was, and guided evermore, + Through wisedome of a matrone grave and hore + Whose onely joy was to relieve the needes + Of wretched soules, and helpe the helpelesse pore: 25 + All night she spent in bidding of her bedes, +And all the day in doing good and godly deedes. + + IV + +Dame Coelia[*] men did her call, as thought + From heaven to come, or thither to arise, + The mother of three daughters, well upbrought 30 + In goodly thewes, and godly exercise: + The eldest two, most sober, chast, and wise, + Fidelia[*] and Speranza virgins were, + Though spousd, yet wanting wedlocks solemnize: + But faire Charissa[*] to a lovely fere 35 +Was lincked, and by him had many pledges dere. + + V + +Arrived there, the dore they find fast lockt; + For it was warely watched night and day, + For feare of many foes: but when they knockt, + The Porter opened unto them streight way: 40 + He was an aged syre, all hory gray, + With lookes full lowly cast, and gate full slow, + Wont on a staffe his feeble steps to stay, + Hight Humilta.[*] They passe in stouping low; +For streight and narrow was the way which he did show. 45 + + VI + +Each goodly thing is hardest to begin, + But entred in a spacious court they see, + Both plaine, and pleasant to be walked in, + Where them does meete a francklin faire and free, + And entertaines with comely courteous glee, 50 + His name was Zele, that him right well became, + For in his speeches and behaviour hee + Did labour lively to expresse the same, +And gladly did them guide, till to the Hall they came. + + VII + +There fairely them receives a gentle Squire, 55 + Of milde demeanure, and rare courtesie, + Right cleanly clad in comely sad attire; + In word and deede that shew'd great modestie, + And knew his good[*] to all of each degree, + Hight Reverence. He them with speeches meet 60 + Does faire entreat; no courting nicetie, + But simple true, and eke unfained sweet, +As might become a Squire so great persons to greet. + + VIII + +And afterwards them to his Dame he leades, + That aged Dame, the Ladie of the place: 65 + Who all this while was busy at her beades: + Which doen, she up arose with seemely grace, + And toward them full matronely did pace. + Where when that fairest Una she beheld, + Whom well she knew to spring from heavenly race, 70 + Her hart with joy unwonted inly sweld, +As feeling wondrous comfort in her weaker eld. + + IX + +And her embracing said, O happie earth, + Whereon thy innocent feet doe ever tread, + Most vertuous virgin borne of heavenly berth, 75 + That, to redeeme thy woefull parents head, + From tyrans rage, and ever dying dread,[*] + Hast wandred through the world now long a day;[*] + Yet ceasest not thy weary soles to lead,[*] + What grace hath thee now hither brought this way? 80 +Or doen thy feeble feet unweeting hither stray? + + X + +Strange thing it is an errant knight to see + Here in this place, or any other wight, + That hither turnes his steps. So few there bee + That chose the narrow path, or seeke the right: 85 + All keepe the broad high way, and take delight + With many rather for to go astray, + And be partakers of their evill plight, + Then with a few to walke the rightest way; +O foolish men, why haste ye to your owne decay? 90 + + XI + +Thy selfe to see, and tyred limbes to rest, + O matrone sage (quoth she) I hither came; + And this good knight his way with me addrest, + Led with thy prayses and broad-blazed fame, + That up to heaven is blowne. The auncient Dame 95 + Him goodly greeted in her modest guise, + And entertaynd them both, as best became, + With all the court'sies that she could devise, +Ne wanted ought, to shew her bounteous or wise. + + XII + +Thus as they gan of sundry things devise, 100 + Loe two most goodly virgins came in place, + Ylinked arme in arme in lovely wise, + With countenance demure, and modest grace, + They numbred even steps and equall pace: + Of which the eldest, that Fidelia hight, 105 + Like sunny beames threw from her christall face, + That could have dazd the rash beholders sight, +And round about her head did shine like heavens light. + + XIII + +She was araied all in lilly white,[*] + And in her right hand bore a cup of gold, 110 + With wine and water fild up to the hight, + In which a Serpent did himselfe enfold, + That horrour made to all that did behold; + But she no whit did chaunge her constant mood: + And in her other hand she fast did hold 115 + A booke, that was both signd and seald with blood: +Wherin darke things were writ, hard to be understood. + + XIV + +Her younger sister, that Speranza hight, + Was clad in blew, that her beseemed well; + Not all so chearefull seemed she of sight, 120 + As was her sister; whether dread did dwell, + Or anguish in her hart, is hard to tell: + Upon her arme a silver anchor lay, + Whereon she leaned ever, as befell: + And ever up to heaven, as she did pray, 125 +Her stedfast eyes were bent, ne swarved other way. + + XV + +They seeing Una, towards her gan wend, + Who them encounters with like courtesie; + Many kind speeches they betwene them spend, + And greatly joy each other well to see: 130 + Then to the knight with shamefast modestie + They turne themselves, at Unaes meeke request, + And him salute with well beseeming glee; + Who faire them quites, as him beseemed best, +And goodly gan discourse of many a noble gest. 135 + + XVI + +Then Una thus; But she your sister deare, + The deare Charissa where is she become? + Or wants she health, or busie is elsewhere? + Ah no, said they, but forth she may not come: + For she of late is lightned of her wombe, 140 + And hath encreast the world with one sonne more, + That her to see should be but troublesome. + Indeed (quoth she) that should be trouble sore; +But thankt be God, and her encrease[*] so evermore. + + XVII + +Then said the aged Coelia, Deare dame, 145 + And you good Sir, I wote that of youre toyle, + And labours long, through which ye hither came, + Ye both forwearied be: therefore a whyle + I read you rest, and to your bowres recoyle. + Then called she a Groome, that forth him led 150 + Into a goodly lodge, and gan despoile + Of puissant armes, and laid in easie bed; +His name was meeke Obedience rightfully ared. + + XVIII + +Now when their wearie limbes with kindly rest, + And bodies were refresht with due repast, 155 + Faire Una gan Fidelia faire request, + To have her knight into her schoolehouse plaste, + That of her heavenly learning he might taste, + And heare the wisedom of her words divine. + She graunted, and that knight so much agraste, 160 + That she him taught celestiall discipline, +And opened his dull eyes, that light mote in them shine. + + XIX + +And that her sacred Booke, with blood ywrit, + That none could read, except she did them teach, + She unto him disclosed every whit, 165 + And heavenly documents thereout did preach, + That weaker wit of man could never reach, + Of God, of grace, of justice, of free will, + That wonder was to heare her goodly speach: + For she was able with her words to kill, 170 +And raise againe to life the hart that she did thrill. + + XX + +And when she list[*] poure out her larger spright, + She would commaund the hastie Sunne to stay, + Or backward turne his course from heavens hight; + Sometimes great hostes of men she could dismay; 175 + [Dry-shod to passe she parts the flouds in tway;[*]] + And eke huge mountaines from their native seat + She would commaund, themselves to beare away, + And throw in raging sea with roaring threat. +Almightie God her gave such powre, and puissaunce great. 180 + + XXI + +The faithfull knight now grew in litle space, + By hearing her, and by her sisters lore, + To such perfection of all heavenly grace, + That wretched world he gan for to abhore, + And mortall life gan loath, as thing forlore, 185 + Greevd with remembrance of his wicked wayes, + And prickt with anguish of his sinnes so sore, + That he desirde to end his wretched dayes: +So much the dart of sinfull guilt the soule dismayes. + + XXII + +But wise Speranza gave him comfort sweet, 190 + And taught him how to take assured hold + Upon her silver anchor, as was meet; + Else had his sinnes so great and manifold + Made him forget all that Fidelia told. + In this distressed doubtfull agonie, 195 + When him his dearest Una did behold, + Disdeining life, desiring leave to die, +She found her selfe assayld with great perplexitie. + + XXIII + +And came to Coelia to declare her smart, + Who well acquainted with that commune plight, 200 + Which sinfull horror workes in wounded hart, + Her wisely comforted all that she might, + With goodly counsell and advisement right; + And streightway sent with carefull diligence, + To fetch a Leach, the which had great insight 205 + In that disease of grieved conscience, +And well could cure the same; his name was Patience. + + XXIV + +Who comming to that soule-diseased knight, + Could hardly him intreat[*] to tell his griefe: + Which knowne, and all that noyd his heavie spright 210 + Well searcht, eftsoones he gan apply relief + Of salves and med'cines, which had passing priefe, + And thereto added words of wondrous might;[*] + By which to ease he him recured briefe, + And much aswag'd the passion of his plight,[*] 215 +That he his paine endur'd, as seeming now more light. + + XXV + +But yet the cause and root of all his ill, + Inward corruption and infected sin, + Not purg'd nor heald, behind remained still, + And festring sore did rankle yet within, 220 + Close creeping twixt the marrow and the skin. + Which to extirpe, he laid him privily + Downe in a darkesome lowly place farre in, + Whereas he meant his corrosives to apply, +And with streight diet tame his stubborne malady. 225 + + XXVI + +In ashes and sackcloth he did array + His daintie corse, proud humors to abate, + And dieted with fasting every day, + The swelling of his wounds to mitigate, + And made him pray both earely and eke late: 230 + And ever as superfluous flesh did rot + Amendment readie still at hand did wayt, + To pluck it out with pincers firie whot, +That soone in him was left no one corrupted jot. + + XXVII + +And bitter Penance with an yron whip, 235 + Was wont him once to disple every day: + And sharpe Remorse his hart did pricke and nip, + That drops of blood thence like a well did play: + And sad Repentance used to embay + His bodie in salt water smarting sore, 240 + The filthy blots of sinne to wash away. + So in short space they did to health restore +The man that would not live, but earst lay at deathes dore. + + XXVIII + +In which his torment often was so great, + That like a Lyon he would cry and rore, 245 + And rend his flesh, and his owne synewes eat. + His owne deare Una hearing evermore + His ruefull shriekes and gronings, often tore + Her guiltlesse garments, and her golden heare, + For pitty of his paine and anguish sore; 250 + Yet all with patience wisely she did beare; +For well she wist his crime could else be never cleare. + + XXIX + +Whom thus recover'd by wise Patience + And trew Repentaunce they to Una brought: + Who joyous of his cured conscience, 255 + Him dearely kist, and fairely eke besought + Himselfe to chearish, and consuming thought + To put away out of his carefull brest. + By this Charissa, late in child-bed brought, + Was woxen strong, and left her fruitfull nest; 260 +To her faire Una brought this unacquainted guest. + + XXX + +She was a woman in her freshest age,[*] + Of wondrous beauty, and of bountie rare, + With goodly grace and comely personage, + That was on earth not easie to compare; 265 + Full of great love, but Cupid's wanton snare + As hell she hated, chast in worke and will; + Her necke and breasts were ever open bare, + That ay thereof her babes might sucke their fill; +The rest was all in yellow robes arayed still. 270 + + XXXI + +A multitude of babes about her hong, + Playing their sports, that joyd her to behold, + Whom still she fed, whiles they were weake and young, + But thrust them forth still as they wexed old: + And on her head she wore a tyre of gold, 275 + Adornd with gemmes and owches wondrous faire, + Whose passing price[*] uneath was to be told: + And by her side there sate a gentle paire +Of turtle doves, she sitting in an yvorie chaire. + + XXXII + +The knight and Una entring faire her greet, 280 + And bid her joy of that her happie brood; + Who them requites with court'sies seeming meet, + And entertaines with friendly chearefull mood. + Then Una her besought, to be so good + As in her vertuous rules to schoole her knight, 285 + Now after all his torment well withstood, + In that sad house of Penaunce, where his spright +Had past the paines of hell, and long enduring night. + + XXXIII + +She was right joyous of her just request, + And taking by the hand that Faeries sonne, 290 + Gan him instruct in every good behest, + Of love, and righteousnesse, and well to donne,[*] + And wrath, and hatred warely to shonne, + That drew on men Gods hatred and his wrath, + And many soules in dolours had fordonne: 295 + In which when him she well instructed hath, +From thence to heaven she teacheth him the ready path. + + XXXIV + +Wherein his weaker wandring steps to guide, + An auncient matrone she to her does call, + Whose sober lookes her wisedome well descride: 300 + Her name was Mercie, well knowne over all, + To be both gratious, and eke liberall: + To whom the carefull charge of him she gave, + To lead aright, that he should never fall + In all his wayes through this wide worldes wave, 305 +That Mercy in the end his righteous soule might save. + + XXXV + +The godly Matrone by the hand him beares + Forth from her presence, by a narrow way, + Scattred with bushy thornes, and ragged breares, + Which still before him she remov'd away, 310 + That nothing might his ready passage stay: + And ever when his feet encombred were, + Or gan to shrinke, or from the right to stray, + She held him fast, and firmely did upbeare, +As carefull Nourse her child from falling oft does reare. 315 + + XXXVI + +Eftsoones unto an holy Hospitall, + That was fore by the way, she did him bring, + In which seven Bead-men[*] that had vowed all + Their life to service of high heavens king, + Did spend their dayes in doing godly thing: 320 + Their gates to all were open evermore, + That by the wearie way were traveiling, + And one sate wayting ever them before, +To call in commers by, that needy were and pore. + + XXXVII + +The first of them that eldest was, and best, 325 + Of all the house had charge and governement, + As Guardian and Steward of the rest: + His office was to give entertainement + And lodging, unto all that came, and went: + Not unto such, as could him feast againe, 330 + And double quite, for that he on them spent, + But such, as want of harbour did constraine: +Those for Gods sake his dewty was to entertaine. + + XXXVIII + +The second was as Almner of the place, + His office was, the hungry for to feed, 335 + And thristy give to drinke, a worke of grace: + He feard not once him selfe to be in need, + Ne car'd to hoord for those whom he did breede: + The grace of God he layd up still in store, + Which as a stocke he left unto his seede; 340 + He had enough, what need him care for more? +And had he lesse, yet some he would give to the pore. + + XXXIX + +The third had of their wardrobe custodie, + In which were not rich tyres, nor garments gay, + The plumes of pride, and wings of vanitie, 345 + But clothes meet to keepe keene could away, + And naked nature seemely to aray; + With which bare wretched wights he dayly clad, + The images of God in earthly clay; + And if that no spare cloths to give he had, 350 +His owne coate he would cut, and it distribute glad. + + XL + +The fourth appointed by his office was, + Poore prisoners to relieve with gratious ayd, + And captives to redeeme with price of bras,[*] + From Turkes[*] and Sarazins, which them had stayd, 355 + And though they faultie were, yet well he wayd, + That God to us forgiveth every howre + Much more then that why they in bands were layd, + And he that harrowd[*] hell with heavie stowre, +The faultie soules from thence brought to his heavenly bowre. 360 + + XLI + +The fift had charge sicke persons to attend, + And comfort those, in point of death which lay; + For them most needeth comfort in the end, + When sin, and hell, and death do most dismay + The feeble soule departing hence away. 365 + All is but lost, that living we bestow, + If not well ended at our dying day. + O man have mind of that last bitter throw +For as the tree does fall, so lyes it ever low. + + XLII + +The sixt had charge of them now being dead, 370 + In seemely sort their corses to engrave, + And deck with dainty flowres their bridall bed, + That to their heavenly spouse both sweet and brave + They might appeare, when he their soules shall save.[*] + The wondrous workmanship of Gods owne mould, 375 + Whose face he made all beasts to feare, and gave + All in his hand, even dead we honour should. +Ah dearest God me graunt, I dead be not defould.[*] + + XLIII + +The seventh, now after death and buriall done, + Had charge the tender orphans of the dead 380 + And widowes ayd,[*] least they should be undone: + In face of judgement[*] he their right would plead, + Ne ought the powre of mighty men did dread + In their defence, nor would for gold or fee + Be wonne their rightfull causes downe to tread: 385 + And, when they stood in most necessitee, +He did supply their want, and gave them ever free. + + XLIV + +There when the Elfin knight arrived was, + The first and chiefest of the seven, whose care + Was guests to welcome, towardes him did pas: 390 + Where seeing Mercie, that his steps upbare, + And alwayes led, to her with reverence rare + He humbly louted in meeke lowlinesse, + And seemely welcome for her did prepare: + For of their order she was Patronesse, 395 +Albe Charissa were their chiefest founderesse. + + XLV + +There she awhile him stayes, him selfe to rest, + That to the rest more able he might bee: + During which time, in every good behest + And godly worke of almes and charitee, 400 + She him instructed with great industree; + Shortly therein so perfect he became, + That from the first unto the last degree, + His mortall life he learned had to frame +In holy righteousnesse, without rebuke or blame. 405 + + XLVI + +Thence forward by that painfull way they pas, + Forth to an hill, that was both steepe and hy; + On top whereof a sacred chappell was, + And eke a little Hermitage thereby, + Wherein an aged holy man did lye, 410 + That day and night said his devotion, + Ne other worldly busines did apply; + His name was heavenly Contemplation; +Of God and goodnesse was his meditation. + + XLVII + +Great grace that old man to him given had; 415 + For God he often saw from heavens hight, + All were his earthly eyen both blunt and bad, + And through great age had lost their kindly sight, + Yet wondrous quick and persant was his spright, + As Eagles eye, that can behold the Sunne: 420 + That hill they scale with all their powre and might, + That his[*] fraile thighes nigh weary and fordonne +Gan faile, but by her[*] helpe the top at last he wonne. + + XLVIII + +There they do finde that godly aged Sire, + With snowy lockes adowne his shoulders shed, 425 + As hoarie frost with spangles doth attire + The mossy braunches of an Oke halfe ded. + Each bone might through his body well be red, + And every sinew seene through his long fast: + For nought he car'd[*] his carcas long unfed; 430 + His mind was full of spirituall repast, +And pyn'd his flesh, to keepe his body low and chast. + + XLIX + +Who when these two approaching he aspide, + At their first presence grew agrieved sore, + That forst him lay his heavenly thoughts aside; 435 + And had he not that Dame respected more, + Whom highly he did reverence and adore, + He would not once have moved for the knight. + They him saluted, standing far afore; + Who well them greeting, humbly did requight, 440 +And asked, to what end they clomb that tedious height. + + L + +What end (quoth she) should cause us take such paine, + But that same end which every living wight + Should make his marke, high heaven to attaine? + Is not from hence the way, that leadeth right 445 + To that most glorious house that glistreth bright + With burning starres and everliving fire, + Whereof the keyes are to thy hand behight + By wise Fidelia? She doth thee require, +To show it to his knight, according his desire. 450 + + LI + +Thrise happy man, said then the father grave, + Whose staggering steps thy steady hand doth lead, + And shewes the way, his sinfull soule to save. + Who better can the way to heaven aread, + Then thou thy selfe, that was both borne and bred 455 + In heavenly throne, where thousand Angels shine? + Thou doest the prayers of the righteous sead + Present before the majestie divine, +And his avenging wrath to clemencie incline. + + LII + +Yet since thou bidst, thy pleasure shal be donne. 460 + Then come thou man of earth, and see the way, + That never yet was seene of Faeries sonne, + That never leads the traveiler astray, + But after labors long, and sad delay, + Brings them to joyous rest and endlesse blis. 465 + But first thou must a season fast and pray, + Till from her bands the spright assoiled is, +And have her strength recur'd from fraile infirmitis. + + LIII + +That donne, he leads him to the highest Mount; + Such one as that same mighty man[*] of God, 470 + That blood-red billowes[*] like a walled front + On either side disparted with his rod, + Till that his army dry-foot through them yod, + Dwelt forty dayes upon; where writ in stone + With bloudy letters by the hand of God, 475 + The bitter doome of death and balefull mone +He did receive, whiles flashing fire about him shone. + + LIV + +Or like that sacred hill,[*] whose head full hie, + Adornd with fruitfull Olives all arownd, + Is, as it were for endlesse memory 480 + Of that deare Lord who oft thereon was fownd, + For ever with a flowring girlond crownd: + Or like that pleasaunt Mount,[*] that is for ay + Through famous Poets verse each where renownd, + On which the thrise three learned Ladies play 485 +Their heavenly notes, and make full many a lovely lay. + + LV + +From thence, far off he unto him did shew + A litle path, that was both steepe and long, + Which to a goodly Citie[*] led his vew; + Whose wals and towres were builded high and strong 490 + Of perle and precious stone, that earthly tong + Cannot describe, nor wit of man can tell; + Too high a ditty for my simple song; + The Citie of the great king hight it well, +Wherein eternall peace and happinesse doth dwell. 495 + + LVI + +As he thereon stood gazing, he might see + The blessed Angels to and fro descend + From highest heaven in gladsome companee, + And with great joy into that Citie wend, + As commonly as friend does with his frend. 500 + Whereat he wondred much, and gan enquere, + What stately building durst so high extend + Her loftie towres unto the starry sphere, +And what unknowen nation there empeopled were. + + LVII + +Faire knight (quoth he) Hierusalem that is, 505 + The new Hierusalem, that God has built + For those to dwell in, that are chosen his, + His chosen people purg'd from sinfull guilt + With pretious blood, which cruelly was spilt + On cursed tree, of that unspotted lam, 510 + That for the sinnes of al the world was kilt: + Now are they Saints all in that Citie sam, +More dear unto their God then younglings to their dam. + + LVIII + +Till now, said then the knight, I weened well, + That great Cleopolis,[*] where I have beene, 515 + In which that fairest Faerie Queene doth dwell, + The fairest citie was that might be seene; + And that bright towre all built of christall cleene, + Panthea,[*] seemd the brightest thing that was: + But now by proofe all otherwise I weene; 520 + For this great Citie that does far surpas, +And this bright Angels towre quite dims that towre of glas. + + LIX + +Most trew, then said the holy aged man; + Yet is Cleopolis, for earthly frame,[*] + The fairest peece that eye beholden can; 525 + And well beseemes all knights of noble name, + That covett in th' immortall booke of fame + To be eternized, that same to haunt, + And doen their service to that soveraigne dame, + That glorie does to them for guerdon graunt: 530 +For she is heavenly borne, and heaven may justly vaunt. + + LX + +And thou faire ymp, sprong out from English race, + How ever now accompted Elfins sonne, + Well worthy doest thy service for her grace, + To aide a virgin desolate fordonne. 535 + But when thou famous victory hast wonne, + And high emongst all knights hast hong thy shield, + Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shonne, + And wash thy hands from guilt of bloudy field: +For blood can nought but sin, and wars but sorrowes yield. 540 + + LXI + +Then seek this path, that I to thee presage, + Which after all to heaven shall thee send; + Then peaceably thy painefull pilgrimage + To yonder same Hierusalem do bend, + Where is for thee ordaind a blessed end: 545 + For thou emongst those Saints, whom thou doest see, + Shall be a Saint, and thine owne nations frend + And Patrone: thou Saint George shalt called bee, +Saint George[*] of mery England, the signe of victoree. + + LXII + +Unworthy wretch (quoth he) of so great grace,[*] 550 + How dare I thinke such glory to attaine? + These that have it attaind, were in like cace, + (Quoth he) as wretched, and liv'd in like paine. + But deeds of armes must I at last be faine + And Ladies love to leave so dearely bought? 555 + What need of armes, where peace doth ay remaine, + (Said he,) and battailes none are to be fought? +As for loose loves, they're vain, and vanish into nought. + + LXIII + +O let me not (quoth he) then turne againe + Backe to the world, whose joyes so fruitlesse are; 560 + But let me here for aye in peace remaine, + Or streight way on that last long voyage fare, + That nothing may my present hope empare. + That may not be, (said he) ne maist thou yit + Forgo that royall maides bequeathed care,[*] 565 + Who did her cause into thy hand commit, +Till from her cursed foe thou have her freely quit. + + LXIV + +Then shall I soone (quoth he) so God me grace, + Abet that virgins cause disconsolate, + And shortly backe returne unto this place, 570 + To walke this way in Pilgrims poore estate. + But now aread, old father, why of late + Didst thou behight me borne of English blood, + Whom all a Faeries sonne doen nominate? + That word shall I (said he) avouchen good, 575 +Sith to thee is unknowne the cradle of thy blood. + + LXV + +For well I wote thou springst from ancient race + Of Saxon kings, that have with mightie hand + And many bloody battailes[*] fought in place + High reard their royall throne in Britane land, 580 + And vanquisht them, unable to withstand: + From thence a Faerie thee unweeting reft, + There as thou slepst in tender swadling band, + And her base Elfin brood there for thee left. +Such men do Chaungelings[*] call, so chang'd by Faeries theft. 585 + + LXVI + +Thence she thee brought into this Faerie lond, + And in an heaped furrow did thee hyde, + Where thee a Ploughman all unweeting fond, + As he his toylesome teme that way did guyde, + And brought thee up in ploughmans state to byde 590 + Whereof Georgos[*] he gave thee to name; + Till prickt with courage, and thy forces pryde, + To Faerie court thou cam'st to seeke for fame, +And prove thy puissaunt armes, as seemes thee best became. + + LXVII + +O holy Sire (quoth he) how shall I quight 595 + The many favours I with thee have found, + That hast my name and nation red aright, + And taught the way that does to heaven bound? + This said, adowne he looked to the ground, + To have returnd, but dazed were his eyne 600 + Through passing brightnesse, which did quite confound + His feeble sence and too exceeding shyne. +So darke are earthly things compard to things divine. + + LXVIII + +At last whenas himselfe he gan to find, + To Una back he cast him to retire; 605 + Who him awaited still with pensive mind. + Great thankes and goodly meed to that good syre + He thence departing gave for his paines hyre. + So came to Una, who him joyd to see, + And after little rest, gan him desire 610 + Of her adventure mindfull for to bee. +So leave they take of Coelia, and her daughters three. + + * * * * * + + CANTO XI + + The knight with that old Dragon fights + two dayes incessantly; + The third him overthrowes, and gayns + most glorious victory. + + I + +High time now gan it wex for Una faire + To thinke of those her captive Parents deare, + And their forwasted kingdome to repaire: + Whereto whenas they now approched neare, + With hartie wordes her knight she gan to cheare, 5 + And in her modest manner thus bespake; + Deare knight, as deare as ever knight was deare, + That all these sorrowes suffer for my sake, +High heaven behold the tedious toyle ye for me take. + + II + +Now are we come unto my native soyle, 10 + And to the place where all our perils dwell; + Here haunts that feend, and does his dayly spoyle; + Therefore henceforth be at your keeping well,[*] + And ever ready for your foeman fell. + The sparke of noble courage now awake, 15 + And strive your excellent selfe to excell: + That shall ye evermore renowmed make, +Above all knights on earth that batteill undertake. + + III + +And pointing forth, Lo yonder is (said she)[*] + The brasen towre in which my parents deare 20 + For dread of that huge feend emprisond be, + Whom I from far, see on the walles appeare, + Whose sight my feeble soule doth greatly cheare: + And on the top of all I do espye + The watchman wayting tydings glad to heare, 25 + That O my parents might I happily +Unto you bring, to ease you of your misery. + + IV + +With that they heard a roaring hideous sound, + That all the ayre with terrour filled wide, + And seemd uneath[*] to shake the stedfast ground. 30 + Eftsoones that dreadful Dragon[*] they espide, + Where stretcht he lay upon the sunny side,[*] + Of a great hill, himselfe like a great hill. + But all so soone as he from far descride + Those glistring armes, that heaven with light did fill, 35 +He rousd himselfe full blith, and hastned them untill. + + V + +Then bad the knight his Lady yede aloofe, + And to an hill her selfe withdraw aside: + From whence she might behold that battailles proof, + And eke be safe from daunger far descryde: 40 + She him obayd, and turnd a little wyde. + Now O thou sacred muse,[*] most learned Dame, + Faire ympe of Phoebus and his aged bride, + The Nourse of time and everlasting fame, +That warlike hands ennoblest with immortall name; 45 + + VI + +O gently come into my feeble brest + Come gently, but not with that mighty rage, + Wherewith the martiall troupes thou doest infest, + And harts of great Heroes doest enrage, + That nought their kindled courage may aswage, 50 + Soone as thy dreadfull trompe begins to sownd, + The God of warre with his fiers equipage + Thou doest awake, sleepe never he so sownd, +All scared nations doest with horrour sterne astownd. + + VII + +Faire Goddesse, lay that furious fit aside, 55 + Till I of warres[*] and bloody Mars do sing, + And Briton fields with Sarazin bloud bedyde, + Twixt that great Faery Queene, and Paynim king, + That with their horrour heaven and earth did ring; + A worke of labour long and endlesse prayse: 60 + But now a while let downe that haughtie string[*] + And to my tunes thy second tenor rayse, +That I this man of God his godly armes may blaze. + + VIII + +By this the dreadfull Beast drew nigh to hand, + Halfe flying, and halfe footing in his haste, 65 + That with his largenesse measured much land, + And made wide shadow under his huge wast, + As mountaine doth the valley overcast. + Approching nigh, he reared high afore + His body monstrous, horrible, and vaste, 70 + Which to increase his wondrous greatnesse more, +Was swoln with wrath, and poyson, and with bloudy gore. + + IX + +And over, all with brasen scales was armd, + Like plated coate of steele, so couched neare, + That nought mote perce, ne might his corse be harmd 75 + With dint of sword, nor push of pointed speare; + Which, as an Eagle, seeing pray appeare, + His aery plumes doth rouze, full rudely dight; + So shaked he, that horrour was to heare, + For as the clashing of an Armour bright, 80 +Such noyse his rouzed scales did send unto the knight. + + X + +His flaggy wings when forth he did display, + Were like two sayles, in which the hollow wynd + Is gathered full, and worketh speedy way: + And eke the pennes, that did his pineons bynd, 85 + Were like mayne-yards, with flying canvas lynd; + With which whenas him list the ayre to beat, + And there by force unwonted passage find, + The cloudes before him fled for terrour great, +And all the heavens stood still amazed with his threat. 90 + + XI + +His huge long tayle wound up in hundred foldes, + Does overspred his long bras-scaly backe, + Whose wreathed boughts when ever he unfoldes, + And thicke entangled knots adown does slacke, + Bespotted as with shields of red and blacke, 95 + It sweepeth all the land behind him farre, + And of three furlongs does but litle lacke; + And at the point two stings in-fixed arre, +Both deadly sharpe, that sharpest steele exceeden farre. + + XII + +But stings and sharpest steele did far exceed 100 + The sharpnesse of his cruell rending clawes; + Dead was it sure, as sure as death in deed, + What ever thing does touch his ravenous pawes, + Or what within his reach he ever drawes. + But his most hideous head my toung to tell 105 + Does tremble: for his deepe devouring jawes + Wide gaped, like the griesly mouth of hell, +Through which into his darke abisse all ravin fell. + + XIII + +And that more wondrous was, in either jaw + Three ranckes of yron teeth enraunged were, 110 + In which yet trickling blood, and gobbets raw + Of late devoured bodies did appeare, + That sight thereof bred cold congealed feare: + Which to increase, and as atonce to kill, + A cloud of smoothering smoke and sulphure seare, 115 + Out of his stinking gorge forth steemed still, +That all the ayre about with smoke and stench did fill. + + XIV + +His blazing eyes, like two bright shining shields, + Did burne with wrath, and sparkled living fyre: + As two broad Beacons,[*] set in open fields, 120 + Send forth their flames far off to every shyre, + And warning give, that enemies conspyre + With fire and sword the region to invade; + So flam'd his eyne with rage and rancorous yre: + But farre within, as in a hollow glade, 125 +Those glaring lampes were set, that made a dreadfull shade. + + XV + +So dreadfully he towards him did pas, + Forelifting up aloft his speckled brest, + And often bounding on the brused gras, + As for great joyance of his newcome guest. 130 + Eftsoones he gan advance his haughtie crest, + As chauffed Bore his bristles doth upreare, + And shoke his scales to battell ready drest; + That made the Redcrosse knight nigh quake for feare, +As bidding bold defiance to his foeman neare. 135 + + XVI + +The knight gan fairely couch his steadie speare, + And fiercely ran at him with rigorous might: + The pointed steele arriving rudely theare, + His harder hide would neither perce, nor bight, + But glauncing by forth passed forward right; 140 + Yet sore amoved with so puissaunt push, + The wrathfull beast about him turned light, + And him so rudely passing by, did brush +With his long tayle, that horse and man to ground did rush. + + XVII + +Both horse and man up lightly rose againe, 145 + And fresh encounter towards him addrest: + But th'idle stroke yet backe recoyld in vaine, + And found no place his deadly point to rest. + Exceeding rage enflam'd the furious beast, + To be avenged of so great despight; 150 + For never felt his imperceable brest + So wondrous force, from hand of living wight; +Yet had he prov'd the powre of many a puissant knight. + + XVIII + +Then with his waving wings displayed wyde, + Himselfe up high he lifted from the ground, 155 + And with strong flight did forcibly divide + The yielding aire, which nigh too feeble found + Her flitting parts,[*] and element unsound, + To beare so great a weight: he cutting way + With his broad sayles, about him soared round: 160 + At last low stouping[*] with unweldie sway, +Snatcht up both horse and man, to beare them quite away. + + XIX + +Long he them bore above the subject plaine, + So far as Ewghen bow a shaft may send, + Till struggling strong did him at last constraine 165 + To let them downe before his flightes end: + As hagard hauke,[*] presuming to contend + With hardie fowle, above his hable might,[*] + His wearie pounces all in vaine doth spend + To trusse the pray too heavy for his flight; 170 +Which comming downe to ground, does free it selfe by fight. + + XX + +He so disseized[*] of his gryping grosse, + The knight his thrillant speare again assayd + In his bras-plated body to embosse, + And three mens strength unto the stroke he layd; 175 + Wherewith the stiffe beame quaked, as affrayd, + And glauncing from his scaly necke, did glyde + Close under his left wing, then broad displayd: + The percing steele there wrought a wound full wyde, +That with the uncouth smart the Monster lowdly cryde. 180 + + XXI + +He cryde, as raging seas are wont to rore, + When wintry storme his wrathfull wreck does threat + The roaring billowes beat the ragged shore, + As they the earth would shoulder from her seat, + And greedy gulfe does gape,[*] as he would eat 185 + His neighbour element in his revenge: + Then gin the blustring brethren[*] boldly threat + To move the world from off his steadfast henge, +And boystrous battell make, each other to avenge. + + XXII + +The steely head stucke fast still in his flesh, 190 + Till with his cruell clawes he snatcht the wood, + And quite a sunder broke. Forth flowed fresh + A gushing river of blacke goarie blood, + That drowned all the land, whereon he stood; + The streame thereof would drive a water-mill: 195 + Trebly augmented was his furious mood + With bitter sence of his deepe rooted ill, +That flames of fire he threw forth from his large nosethrill. + + XXIII + +His hideous tayle then hurled he about, + And therewith all enwrapt the nimble thyes 200 + Of his froth-fomy steed, whose courage stout + Striving to loose the knot that fast him tyes, + Himselfe in streighter bandes too rash implyes, + That to the ground he is perforce constraynd + To throw his rider: who can quickly ryse 205 + From off the earth, with durty blood distaynd, +For that reprochfull fall right fowly he disdaynd. + + XXIV + +And fiercely tooke his trenchand blade in hand, + With which he stroke so furious and so fell, + That nothing seemd the puissaunce could withstand: 210 + Upon his crest the hardned yron fell, + But his more hardned crest was armd so well, + That deeper dint therein it would not make; + Yet so extremely did the buffe him quell, + That from thenceforth he shund the like to take, 215 +But when he saw them come, he did them still forsake. + + XXV + +The knight was wroth to see his stroke beguyld, + And smote againe with more outrageous might; + But backe againe the sparckling steele recoyld, + And left not any marke, where it did light, 220 + As if in Adamant rocke it had bene pight. + The beast impatient of his smarting wound, + And of so fierce and forcible despight, + Thought with his wings to stye above the ground; +But his late wounded wing unserviceable found. 225 + + XXVI + +Then full of griefe and anguish vehement, + He lowdly brayd, that like was never heard, + And from his wide devouring oven[*] sent + A flake of fire, that, flashing in his beard, + Him all amazd, and almost made affeard: 230 + The scorching flame sore swinged all his face, + And through his armour all his body seard, + That he could not endure so cruell cace, +But thought his armes to leave, and helmet to unlace. + + XXVII + +Not that great Champion[*] of the antique world, 235 + Whom famous Poetes verse so much doth vaunt, + And hath for twelve huge labours high extold, + So many furies and sharpe fits did haunt, + When him the poysond garment did enchaunt, + With Centaures bloud and bloudie verses charm'd; 240 + As did this knight twelve thousand dolours daunt, + Whom fyrie steele now burnt, that earst him arm'd, +That erst him goodly arm'd, now most of all him harm'd. + + XXVIII + +Faint, wearie, sore, emboyled, grieved, brent[*] + With heat, toyle, wounds, armes, smart, and inward fire, 245 + That never man such mischiefes did torment; + Death better were, death did he oft desire, + But death will never come, when needes require. + Whom so dismayd when that his foe beheld, + He cast to suffer him no more respire, 250 + But gan his sturdy sterne about to weld, +And him so strongly stroke, that to the ground him feld. + + XXIX + +It fortuned, (as faire it then befell,) + Behind his backe unweeting, where he stood, + Of auncient time there was a springing well, 255 + From which fast trickled forth a silver flood, + Full of great vertues, and for med'cine good. + Whylome, before that cursed Dragon got + That happy land, and all with innocent blood + Defyld those sacred waves, it rightly hot 260 +_The well of life_,[*] ne yet his vertues had forgot. + + XXX + +For unto life the dead it could restore, + And guilt of sinfull crimes cleane wash away, + Those that with sicknesse were infected sore + It could recure, and aged long decay 265 + Renew, as one were borne that very day. + Both Silo[*] this, and Jordan did excell, + And th' English Bath,[*] and eke the German Spau; + Ne can Cephise,[*] nor Hebrus match this well: +Into the same the knight back overthrowen, fell. 270 + + XXXI + +Now gan the golden Phoebus for to steepe + His fierie face in billowes of the west, + And his faint steedes watred in Ocean deepe, + Whiles from their journall labours they did rest, + When that infernall Monster, having kest 275 + His wearie foe into that living well, + Can high advance his broad discoloured brest + Above his wonted pitch, with countenance fell, +And clapt his yron wings, as victor he did dwell. + + XXXII + +Which when his pensive Ladie saw from farre, 280 + Great woe and sorrow did her soule assay, + As weening that the sad end of the warre, + And gan to highest God entirely pray, + That feared chance from her to turne away; + With folded hands and knees full lowly bent, 285 + All night she watcht, ne once adowne would lay + Her daintie limbs in her sad dreriment, +But praying still did wake, and waking did lament. + + XXXIII + +The morrow next gan early to appeare, + That Titan rose to runne his daily race; 290 + But early ere the morrow next gan reare + Out of the sea faire Titans deawy face, + Up rose the gentle virgin from her place, + And looked all about, if she might spy + Her loved knight to move[*] his manly pace: 295 + For she had great doubt of his safety, +Since late she saw him fall before his enemy. + + XXXIV + +At last she saw, where he upstarted brave + Out of the well, wherein he drenched lay: + As Eagle[*] fresh out of the Ocean wave, 300 + Where he hath left his plumes all hoary gray, + And deckt himselfe with feathers youthly gay, + Like Eyas hauke up mounts unto the skies, + His newly budded pineons to assay, + And marveiles at himselfe, still as he flies: 305 +So new this new-borne knight to battell new did rise. + + XXXV + +Whom when the damned feend so fresh did spy, + No wonder if he wondred at the sight, + And doubted, whether his late enemy + It were, or other new supplied knight. 310 + He, now to prove his late renewed might, + High brandishing his bright deaw-burning blade,[*] + Upon his crested scalpe so sore did smite, + That to the scull a yawning wound it made; +The deadly dint his dulled senses all dismaid. 315 + + XXXVI + +I wote not, whether the revenging steele + Were hardned with that holy water dew, + Wherein he fell, or sharper edge did feele, + Or his baptized hands now greater grew; + Or other secret vertue did ensew; 320 + Else never could the force of fleshly arme, + Ne molten mettall in his blood embrew[*]; + For till that stownd could never wight him harme, +By subtilty, nor slight, nor might, nor mighty charme. + + XXXVII + +The cruell wound enraged him so sore, 325 + That loud he yelded for exceeding paine; + As hundred ramping Lyons seem'd to rore, + Whom ravenous hunger did thereto constraine: + Then gan he tosse aloft his stretched traine, + And therewith scourge the buxome aire so sore, 330 + That to his force to yeelden it was faine; + Ne ought his sturdy strokes might stand afore, +That high trees overthrew, and rocks in peeces tore. + + XXXVIII + +The same advauncing high above his head, + With sharpe intended sting[*] so rude him smot, 335 + That to the earth him drove, as stricken dead, + Ne living wight would have him life behot: + The mortall sting his angry needle shot + Quite through his shield, and in his shoulder seasd, + Where fast it stucke, ne would there out be got: 340 + The griefe thereof him wondrous sore diseasd, +Ne might his ranckling paine with patience be appeasd. + + XXXIX + +But yet more mindfull of his honour deare, + Then of the grievous smart, which him did wring, + From loathed soile he can him lightly reare, 345 + And strove to loose the far infixed sting: + Which when in vaine he tryde with struggeling, + Inflam'd with wrath, his raging blade he heft, + And strooke so strongly, that the knotty string + Of his huge taile he quite a sunder cleft, 350 +Five joints thereof he hewd, and but the stump him left. + + XL + +Hart cannot thinke, what outrage, and what cryes, + With foule enfouldred smoake and flashing fire, + The hell-bred beast threw forth unto the skyes, + That all was covered with darkenesse dire: 355 + Then fraught with rancour, and engorged ire, + He cast at once him to avenge for all, + And gathering up himselfe out of the mire, + With his uneven wings did fiercely fall, +Upon his sunne-bright shield, and gript it fast withall. 360 + + XLI + +Much was the man encombred with his hold, + In feare to lose his weapon in his paw, + Ne wist yet, how his talaunts to unfold; + For harder was from Cerberus greedy jaw + To plucke a bone, then from his cruell claw 365 + To reave by strength the griped gage[*] away: + Thrise he assayd it from his foot to draw, + And thrise in vaine to draw it did assay, +It booted nought to thinke to robbe him of his pray. + + XLII + +Tho when he saw no power might prevaile, 370 + His trustie sword he cald to his last aid, + Wherewith he fiercely did his foe assaile, + And double blowes about him stoutly laid, + That glauncing fire out of the yron plaid; + As sparckles from the Andvile use to fly, 375 + When heavy hammers on the wedge are swaid; + Therewith at last he forst him to unty +One of his grasping feete, him to defend thereby. + + XLIII + +The other foot, fast fixed on his shield, + Whenas no strength, nor stroks mote him constraine 380 + To loose, ne yet the warlike pledge to yield, + He smot thereat with all his might and maine, + That nought so wondrous puissaunce might sustaine; + Upon the joint the lucky steele did light, + And made such way, that hewd it quite in twaine; 385 + The paw yett missed not his minisht might,[*] +But hong still on the shield, as it at first was pight. + + XLIV + +For griefe thereof and divelish despight,[*] + From his infernall fournace forth he threw + Huge flames, that dimmed all the heavens light, 390 + Enrold in duskish smoke and brimstone blew: + As burning Aetna from his boyling stew + Doth belch out flames, and rockes in peeces broke, + And ragged ribs of mountains molten new, + Enwrapt in coleblacke clouds and filthy smoke, 395 +That all the land with stench, and heaven with horror choke. + + XLV + +The heate whereof, and harmefull pestilence + So sore him noyd, that forst him to retire + A little backward for his best defence, + To save his body from the scorching fire, 400 + Which he from hellish entrailes did expire. + It chaunst (eternall God that chaunce did guide,) + As he recoiled backward, in the mire + His nigh forwearied feeble feet did slide, +And downe he fell, with dread of shame sore terrifide. 405 + + XLVI + +There grew a goodly tree[*] him faire beside, + Loaden with fruit and apples rosie red, + As they in pure vermilion had beene dide, + Whereof great vertues over all were red[*]: + For happy life to all which thereon fed, 410 + And life eke everlasting did befall: + Great God it planted in that blessed sted + With his Almighty hand, and did it call +The tree of life, the crime of our first fathers fall.[*] + + XLVII + +In all the world like was not to be found, 415 + Save in that soile, where all good things did grow, + And freely sprong out of the fruitfull ground, + As incorrupted Nature did them sow, + Till that dread Dragon all did overthrow. + Another like faire tree eke grew thereby, 420 + Whereof whoso did eat, eftsoones did know + Both good and ill: O mornefull memory: +That tree through one mans fault hath doen us all to dy. + + XLVIII + +From that first tree forth flowd, as from a well, + A trickling streame of Balme, most soveraine 425 + And dainty deare, which on the ground, still fell, + And overflowed all the fertile plaine, + As it had deawed bene with timely raine: + Life and long health that gratious ointment gave, + And deadly wounds could heale and reare againe 430 + The senselesse corse appointed for the grave. +Into that same he fell: which did from death him save. + + XLIX + +For nigh thereto the ever damned beast + Durst not approch, for he was deadly made,[*] + And all that life preserved did detest: 435 + Yet he is oft adventur'd to invade. + By this the drouping day-light gan to fade, + And yield his roome to sad succeeding night, + Who with her sable mantle gan to shade + The face of earth, and wayes of living wight, 440 +And high her burning torch set up in heaven bright. + + L + +When gentle Una saw the second fall + Of her deare knight, who wearie of long fight, + And faint through losse of blood, mov'd not at all, + But lay, as in a dreame of deepe delight, 445 + Besmeard with pretious Balme, whose vertuous might + Did heale his wounds, and scorching heat alay, + Againe she stricken was with sore affright, + And for his safetie gan devoutly pray, +And watch the noyous night, and wait for joyous day. 450 + + LI + +The joyous day gan early to appeare, + And faire Aurora from the deawy bed + Of aged Tithone gan herselfe to reare + With rosy cheekes, for shame as blushing red; + Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed 455 + About her eares, when Una her did marke + Clymbe to her charet, all with flowers spred; + From heaven high to chase the chearelesse darke, +With merry note her loud salutes the mounting larke. + + LII + +Then freshly up arose the doughtie knight, 460 + All healed of his hurts and woundes wide, + And did himselfe to battell ready dight; + Whose early foe awaiting him beside + To have devourd, so soone as day he spyde, + When now he saw himselfe so freshly reare, 465 + As if late fight had nought him damnifyde, + He woxe dismayd, and gan his fate to feare; +Nathlesse with wonted rage he him advaunced neare. + + LIII + +And in his first encounter, gaping wide,[*] + He thought attonce him to have swallowd quight, 470 + And rusht upon him with outragious pride; + Who him r'encountring fierce, as hauke in flight + Perforce rebutted backe. The weapon bright + Taking advantage of his open jaw, + Ran through his mouth with so importune might, 475 + That deepe emperst his darksome hollow maw, +And back retyrd,[*] his life blood forth with all did draw. + + LIV + +So downe he fell, and forth his life did breath, + That vanisht into smoke and cloudes swift; + So downe he fell, that th' earth him underneath 480 + Did grone, as feeble so great load to lift; + So downe he fell, as an huge rockie clift, + Whose false foundation waves have washt away, + With dreadfull poyse is from the mayneland rift, + And rolling downe, great Neptune doth dismay; 485 +So downe he fell, and like an heaped mountaine lay. + + LV + +The knight himselfe even trembled at his fall, + So huge and horrible a masse it seem'd, + And his deare Ladie, that beheld it all, + Durst not approch for dread, which she misdeem'd;[*] 490 + But yet at last, whenas the direfull feend + She saw not stirre, off-shaking vaine affright, + She nigher drew, and saw that joyous end: + Then God she praysd, and thankt her faithfull knight, +That had atchieved so great a conquest by his might. 495 + + * * * * * + + CANTO XII + + Faire Una to the Redcrosse knight, + betrouthed is with joy: + Though false Duessa it to barre + her false sleights doe imploy. + + I + +BEHOLD I see the haven nigh at hand, + To which I meane my wearie course to bend; + Vere the maine shete,[*] and beare up with the land, + The which afore is fairely to be kend, + And seemeth safe from storms that may offend; 5 + There this faire virgin wearie of her way + Must landed be, now at her journeyes end: + There eke my feeble barke a while may stay +Till merry wind and weather call her thence away. + + II + +Scarsely had Phoebus in the glooming East 10 + Yet harnessed his firie-footed teeme, + Ne reard above the earth his flaming creast; + When the last deadly smoke aloft did steeme + That signe of last outbreathed life did seeme + Unto the watchman on the castle wall, 15 + Who thereby dead that balefull Beast did deeme, + And to his Lord and Ladie lowd gan call, +To tell how he had seene the Dragons fatall fall. + + III + +Uprose with hastie joy, and feeble speed + That aged Sire, the Lord of all that land, 20 + And looked forth, to weet if true indeede + Those tydings were, as he did understand, + Which whenas true by tryall he out found, + He bad to open wyde his brazen gate, + Which long time had bene shut, and out of hond[*] 25 + Proclaymed joy and peace through all his state; +For dead now was their foe which them forrayed late. + + IV + +Then gan triumphant Trompets sound on hie, + That sent to heaven the ecchoed report + Of their new joy, and happie victorie 30 + Gainst him, that had them long opprest with tort, + And fast imprisoned in sieged fort. + Then all the people, as in solemne feast, + To him assembled with one full consort, + Rejoycing at the fall of that great beast, 35 +From whose eternall bondage now they were releast. + + V + +Forth came that auncient Lord and aged Queene, + Arayd in antique robes downe to the ground, + And sad habiliments right well beseene; + A noble crew about them waited round 40 + Of sage and sober Peres, all gravely gownd; + Whom farre before did march a goodly band + Of tall young men,[*] all hable armes to sownd, + But now they laurell braunches bore in hand; +Glad signe of victorie and peace in all their land. 45 + + VI + +Unto that doughtie Conquerour they came, + And him before themselves prostrating low, + Their Lord and Patrone loud did him proclame, + And at his feet their laurell boughes did throw. + Soone after them all dauncing on a row 50 + The comely virgins came, with girlands dight, + As fresh as flowres in medow greene do grow, + When morning deaw upon their leaves doth light: +And in their hands sweet Timbrels all upheld on hight. + + VII + +And them before, the fry of children young 55 + Their wanton sports and childish mirth did play, + And to the Maydens[*] sounding tymbrels sung, + In well attuned notes, a joyous lay, + And made delightfull musicke all the way, + Untill they came, where that faire virgin stood; 60 + As faire Diana in fresh sommers day, + Beholds her Nymphes enraung'd in shadie wood, +Some wrestle, some do run, some bathe in christall flood: + + VIII + +So she beheld those maydens meriment + With chearefull vew; who when to her they came, 65 + Themselves to ground with gracious humblesse bent, + And her ador'd by honorable name, + Lifting to heaven her everlasting fame: + Then on her head they set a girland greene, + And crowned her twixt earnest and twixt game; 70 + Who in her self-resemblance well beseene,[*] +Did seeme such, as she was, a goodly maiden Queene. + + IX + +And after, all the raskall many[*] ran, + Heaped together in rude rablement, + To see the face of that victorious man: 75 + Whom all admired, as from heaven sent, + And gazd upon with gaping wonderment. + But when they came where that dead Dragon lay, + Stretcht on the ground in monstrous large extent, + The sight with idle feare did them dismay, 80 +Ne durst approch him nigh, to touch, or once assay. + + X + +Some feard, and fled; some feard and well it faynd; + One that would wiser seeme then all the rest, + Warnd him not touch, for yet perhaps remaynd + Some lingring life within his hollow brest, 85 + Or in his wombe might lurke some hidden nest + Of many Dragonets, his fruitfull seed; + Another said, that in his eyes did rest + Yet sparckling fire, and bad thereof take heed; +Another said, he saw him move his eyes indeed. 90 + + XI + +One mother, when as her foolehardie chyld + Did come too neare, and with his talants play, + Halfe dead through feare, her little babe revyld, + And to her gossips gan in counsell say; + How can I tell, but that his talants may 95 + Yet scratch my sonne, or rend his tender hand? + So diversly themselves in vaine they fray; + Whiles some more bold, to measure him nigh stand, +To prove how many acres he did spread of land. + + XII + +Thus flocked all the folke him round about, 100 + The whiles that hoarie king, with all his traine, + Being arrived where that champion stout + After his foes defeasance did remaine, + Him goodly greetes, and faire does entertaine + With princely gifts of yvorie and gold, 105 + And thousand thankes him yeelds for all his paine. + Then when his daughter deare he does behold, +Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold. + + XIII + +And after to his Pallace he them brings, + With shaumes, and trompets, and with Clarions sweet; 110 + And all the way the joyous people sings, + And with their garments strowes the paved street: + Whence mounting up, they find purveyance meet + Of all that royall Princes court became, + And all the floore was underneath their feet 115 + Bespred with costly scarlot of great name,[*] +On which they lowly sit, and fitting purpose frame.[*] + + XIV + +What needs me tell their feast and goodly guize,[*] + In which was nothing riotous nor vaine? + What needs of dainty dishes to devize, 120 + Of comely services, or courtly trayne? + My narrow leaves cannot in them containe + The large discourse of royall Princes state. + Yet was their manner then but bare and plaine: + For th' antique world excesse and pride did hate; 125 +Such proud luxurious pompe is swollen up but late. + + XV + +Then when with meates and drinkes of every kinde + Their fervent appetites they quenched had, + That auncient Lord gan fit occasion finde, + Of straunge adventures, and of perils sad, 130 + Which in his travell him befallen had, + For to demaund of his renowmed guest: + Who then with utt'rance grave, and count'nance sad, + From point to point, as is before exprest, +Discourst his voyage long, according his request. 135 + + XVI + +Great pleasures mixt with pittiful regard, + That godly King and Queene did passionate, + Whiles they his pittifull adventures heard, + That oft they did lament his lucklesse state, + And often blame the too importune fate, 140 + That heaped on him so many wrathfull wreakes: + For never gentle knight, as he of late, + So tossed was in fortunes cruell freakes; +And all the while salt teares bedeawd the hearers cheaks. + + XVII + +Then sayd the royall Pere in sober wise; 145 + Deare Sonne, great beene the evils which ye bore + From first to last in your late enterprise, + That I note whether prayse, or pitty more: + For never living man, I weene, so sore + In sea of deadly daungers was distrest; 150 + But since now safe ye seised have the shore, + And well arrived are, (high God be blest) +Let us devize of ease and everlasting rest. + + XVIII + +Ah, dearest Lord, said then that doughty knight, + Of ease or rest I may not yet devize, 155 + For by the faith, which I to armes have plight, + I bounden am streight after this emprize, + As that your daughter can ye well advize, + Backe to returne to that great Faerie Queene, + And her to serve six yeares in warlike wize, 160 + Gainst that proud Paynim king[*] that workes her teene +Therefore I ought crave pardon, till I there have beene. + + XIX + +Unhappie falles that hard necessitie, + (Quoth he) the troubler of my happie peace, + And vowed foe of my felicitie; 165 + Ne I against the same can justly preace: + But since that band ye cannot now release, + Nor doen undo[*]; (for vowes may not be vaine,) + Soone as the terme of those six yeares shall cease, + Ye then shall hither backe returne againe, 170 +The marriage to accomplish vowd betwixt you twain. + + XX + +Which for my part I covet to performe, + In sort as[*] through the world I did proclame, + That whoso kild that monster most deforme, + And him in hardy battaile overcame, 175 + Should have mine onely daughter to his Dame, + And of my kingdome heyre apparaunt bee: + Therefore since now to thee perteines the same, + By dew desert of noble chevalree, +Both daughter and eke kingdome, lo, I yield to thee. 180 + + XXI + +Then forth he called that his daughter faire, + The fairest Un' his onely daughter deare, + His onely daughter, and his onely heyre; + Who forth proceeding with sad sober cheare, + As bright as doth the morning starre appeare 185 + Out of the East, with flaming lockes bedight, + To tell that dawning day is drawing neare, + And to the world does bring long wished light: +So faire and fresh that Lady shewd her selfe in sight. + + XXII + +So faire and fresh, as freshest flowre in May; 190 + For she had layd her mournefull stole aside, + And widow-like sad wimple throwne away, + Wherewith her heavenly beautie she did hide, + Whiles on her wearie journey she did ride; + And on her now a garment she did weare, 195 + All lilly white, withoutten spot, or pride, + That seemd like silke and silver woven neare, +But neither silke nor silver therein did appeare. + + XXIII + +The blazing brightnesse of her beauties beame, + And glorious light of her sunshyny face, 200 + To tell, were as to strive against the streame; + My ragged rimes are all too rude and bace, + Her heavenly lineaments for to enchace. + Ne wonder; for her owne deare loved knight, + All were she[*] dayly with himselfe in place, 205 + Did wonder much at her celestiall sight: +Oft had he seene her faire, but never so faire dight. + + XXIV + +So fairely dight, when she in presence came, + She to her Sire made humble reverence, + And bowed low, that her right well became, 210 + And added grace unto her excellence: + Who with great wisedome and grave eloquence + Thus gan to say. But eare he thus had said, + With flying speede, and seeming great pretence + Came running in, much like a man dismaid, 215 +A Messenger with letters, which his message said. + + XXV + +All in the open hall amazed stood + At suddeinnesse of that unwarie sight, + And wondred at his breathlesse hastie mood. + But he for nought would stay his passage right, 220 + Till fast before the king he did alight; + Where falling flat, great humblesse he did make, + And kist the ground, whereon his foot was pight; + Then to his hands that writ he did betake, +Which he disclosing, red thus, as the paper spake. 225 + + XXVI + +To thee, most mighty king of Eden faire, + Her greeting sends in these sad lines addrest, + The wofull daughter, and forsaken heire + Of that great Emperour of all the West; + And bids thee be advized for the best, 230 + Ere thou thy daughter linck in holy band + Of wedlocke to that new unknowen guest: + For he already plighted his right hand +Unto another love, and to another land. + + XXVII + +To me sad mayd, or rather widow sad, 235 + He was affiaunced long time before, + And sacred pledges he both gave, and had, + False erraunt knight, infamous, and forswore: + Witnesse the burning Altars, which he swore, + And guiltie heavens of his bold perjury, 240 + Which though he hath polluted oft of yore, + Yet I to them for judgement just do fly, +And them conjure t'avenge this shamefull injury. + + XXVIII + +Therefore since mine he is, or free or bond, + Or false or trew, or living or else dead, 245 + Withhold, O soveraine Prince, your hasty hond + From knitting league with him, I you aread; + Ne weene my right with strength adowne to tread, + Through weaknesse of my widowhed, or woe; + For truth is strong her rightfull cause to plead, 250 + And shall find friends, if need requireth soe. +So bids thee well to fare, Thy neither friend, nor foe, _Fidessa_. + + XXIX + +When he these bitter byting wordes had red, + The tydings straunge did him abashed make, + That still he sate long time astonished, 255 + As in great muse, ne word to creature spake. + At last his solemne silence thus he brake, + With doubtfull eyes fast fixed on his guest; + Redoubted knight, that for mine onely sake + Thy life and honour late adventurest, 260 +Let nought be hid from me, that ought to be exprest. + + XXX + +What meane these bloody vowes, and idle threats, + Throwne out from womanish impatient mind? + What heavens? what altars? what enraged heates + Here heaped up with termes of love unkind, 265 + My conscience cleare with guilty bands would bind? + High God be witnesse, that I guiltlesse ame. + But if your selfe, Sir knight, ye faultie find, + Or wrapped be in loves of former Dame, +With crime do not it cover, but disclose the same. 270 + + XXXI + +To whom the Redcrosse knight this answere sent + My Lord, my King, be nought hereat dismayd, + Till well ye wote by grave intendiment, + What woman, and wherefere doth me upbrayd + With breach of love, and loyalty betrayd. 275 + It was in my mishaps, as hitherward + I lately traveild, that unwares I strayd + Out of my way, through perils straunge and hard; +That day should faile me, ere I had them all declard. + + XXXII + +There did I find, or rather I was found 280 + Of this false woman, that Fidessa hight, + Fidessa hight the falsest Dame on ground, + Most false Duessa, royall richly dight, + That easy was to invegle weaker sight: + Who by her wicked arts, and wylie skill, 285 + Too false and strong for earthly skill or might, + Unwares me wrought unto her wicked will, +And to my foe betrayd, when least I feared ill. + + XXXIII + +Then stepped forth the goodly royall Mayd, + And on the ground her selfe prostrating low, 290 + With sober countenaunce thus to him sayd; + O pardon me, my soveraigne Lord, to show + The secret treasons, which of late I know + To have bene wroght by that false sorceresse. + She onely she it is, that earst did throw 295 + This gentle knight into so great distresse, +That death him did awaite in dayly wretchednesse. + + XXXIV + +And now it seemes, that she suborned hath + This craftie messenger with letters vaine, + To worke new woe and unprovided scath, 300 + By breaking of the band betwixt us twaine; + Wherein she used hath the practicke paine + Of this false footman, clokt with simplenesse, + Whom if ye please for to discover plaine, + Ye shall him Archimago find, I ghesse, 305 +The falsest man alive; who tries shall find no lesse. + + XXXV + +The king was greatly moved at her speach, + And, all with suddein indignation fraight, + Bad on that Messenger rude hands to reach. + Eftsoones the Gard, which on his state did wait, 310 + Attacht that faitor false, and bound him strait: + Who seeming sorely chauffed at his band, + As chained Beare, whom cruell dogs do bait,[*] + With idle force did faine them to withstand, +And often semblaunce made to scape out of their hand. 315 + + XXXVI + +But they him layd full low in dungeon deepe, + And bound him hand and foote with yron chains + And with continual watch did warely keepe: + Who then would thinke, that by his subtile trains + He could escape fowle death or deadly paines? 320 + Thus when that princes wrath was pacifide, + He gan renew the late forbidden bains, + And to the knight his daughter dear he tyde, +With sacred rites and vowes for ever to abyde. + + XXXVII + +His owne two hands the holy knots did knit, 325 + That none but death for ever can devide; + His owne two hands, for such a turne most fit, + The housling fire[*] did kindle and provide, + And holy water thereon sprinckled wide; + At which the bushy Teade a groome did light, 330 + And sacred lamp in secret chamber hide, + Where it should not be quenched day nor night, +For feare of evill fates, but burnen ever bright. + + XXXVIII + +Then gan they sprinckle all the posts with wine, + And made great feast to solemnize that day; 335 + They all perfumde with frankencense divine, + And precious odours fetcht from far away, + That all the house did sweat with great aray: + And all the while sweete Musicke did apply + Her curious skill, the warbling notes to play, 340 + To drive away the dull Melancholy; +The whiles one sung a song of love and jollity. + + XXXIX + +During the which there was an heavenly noise + Heard sound through all the Pallace pleasantly, + Like as it had bene many an Angels voice 345 + Singing before th' eternall Majesty, + In their trinall triplicities[*] on hye; + Yet wist no creature whence that heavenly sweet + Proceeded, yet eachone felt secretly + Himselfe thereby reft of his sences meet, 350 +And ravished with rare impression in his sprite. + + XL + +Great joy was made that day of young and old, + And solemne feast proclaimd throughout the land, + That their exceeding merth may not be told: + Suffice it heare by signes to understand 355 + The usuall joyes at knitting of loves band. + Thrise happy man the knight himselfe did hold, + Possessed of his Ladies hart and hand, + And ever, when his eye did her behold, +His heart did seeme to melt in pleasures manifold. 360 + + XLI + +Her joyous presence, and sweet company + In full content he there did long enjoy; + Ne wicked envie, ne vile gealosy, + His deare delights were able to annoy: + Yet swimming in that sea of blissfull joy, 365 + He nought forgot how he whilome had sworne, + In case he could that monstrous beast destroy, + Unto his Faerie Queene backe to returne; +The which he shortly did, and Una left to mourne. + + XLII + +Now strike your sailes ye jolly Mariners, 370 + For we be come unto a quiet rode, + Where we must land some of our passengers, + And light this wearie vessell of her lode. + Here she a while may make her safe abode, + Till she repaired have her tackles spent,[*] 375 + And wants supplide. And then againe abroad + On the long voyage whereto she is bent: +Well may she speede and fairely finish her intent. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +LINE 1. LO I THE MAN.... An imitation of the opening lines of Vergil's +_Aeneid_:-- + + "Ille ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena + Carmen,... + Gratum opus agricolis, at nunc horrentia Martis." + +Referring to his _Shepheards Calender_ (1579) Spenser thus gracefully +indicates his change from pastoral to epic poetry. + +5-9. KNIGHTS AND LADIES. The poet here imitates the opening of Ariosto's +_Orlando Furioso_. + +10. O HOLY VIRGIN CHIEFE OF NINE, refers to Clio, the muse of history. +Spenser should have invoked Calliope, the muse of poetry. + +14. OF FAERIE KNIGHTS, the the champions of Gloriana, the queen of +Faerieland. FAIREST TANAQUILL, a British princess, daughter of Oberon, king +of Faerieland. In the allegory she is Queen Elizabeth. + +15. THAT MOST NOBLE BRITON PRINCE is Prince Arthur, the perfect knight, who +is in love with Gloriana. In the allegory the Earl of Leicester is probably +meant, though by one tradition Sir Philip Sidney is identified with Prince +Arthur. + +19. IMPE OF HIGHEST JOVE, Cupid, the god of love, and son of Jupiter and +Venus. He is represented as armed with an ebony bow (l. 23). + +25. TRIUMPHANT MART, Mars, the god of war. The spelling is that of the +Italians and Chaucer. + +28. O GODDESSE HEAVENLY BRIGHT, Queen Elizabeth (aged 56), who was fond of +such extravagant flattery, and expected it of all her courtiers. + +31. PHOEBUS LAMPE, Apollo, the sun-god. + +34. GLORIOUS TYPE OF THINE, the Lady Una, who stands for Truth in the +allegory. + +35. THE ARGUMENT OF MINE AFFLICTED STILE, the subject of my humble pen. +"_Afflicted_" has the original Latin sense of "cast down." + +36. O DEAREST DRED, O beloved object of reverence; a common salutation of +royalty. + +CANTO I + +I. _The Plot:_ At the bidding of Gloriana, the Redcross Knight undertakes +to deliver Una's parents from a dragon who holds them captive. He sets out +upon his quest attended by a dwarf and guided by Una, mounted on an ass and +leading a lamb. They are driven by a storm into a forest, where they +discover the cave of Error, who is slain by the Knight. They are then +beguiled into the house of Archimago, an old enchanter. By his magic he +leads the Knight in a dream to believe that Una is false to him, and thus +separates them. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. Holiness, the love of God, united with Truth, the +knowledge of God, is to deliver man from the thraldom of the Devil. +Together they are able to overthrow Error; but Hypocrisy deceitfully +alienates Holiness from Truth by making the latter appear unworthy of love. + +2. There is a hint of the intrigues of the false Roman church and the +treacherous Spanish king, Philip II, to undermine the religious and +political freedom of the English people. The English nation, following the +Reformed church, overthrows the Catholic faith, but is deceived by the +machinations of Spanish diplomacy. + +LINE 1. A GENTLE KNIGHT, the Redcross Knight, representing the church +militant, and Reformed England. He is the young, untried champion of the +old cause whose struggles before the Reformation are referred to in ll. 3, +4. His shield bore "a cross gules upon a field argent," a red cross on a +silver ground. See _The Birth of St. George_ in Percy's _Reliques_, iii, 3, +and Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, iii, 65. + +15. FOR SOVERAINE HOPE, as a sign of the supreme hope. + +20. GREATEST GLORIANA, Queen Elizabeth. In other books of _The Faerie +Queene_ she is called Belphoebe, the patroness of chastity, and Britomart, +the military genius of Britain. + +27. A DRAGON, "the great dragon, that old serpent, called the devil," +_Revelation_, xii, 9, also Rome and Spain. Cf. legend of St. George and the +dragon, and Fletcher's _Purple Island_, vii _seq._ + +28. A LOVELY LADIE, Una, the personification of truth and true religion. +Her lamb symbolizes innocence. + +46. A DWARFE, representing prudence, or common sense; according to Morley, +the flesh. + +56. A SHADIE GROVE, the wood of Error. "By it Spenser shadows forth the +danger surrounding the mind that escapes from the bondage of Roman +authority and thinks for itself."--Kitchin. The description of the wood is +an imitation of Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, i, 37, Chaucer's _Assembly of +Foules_, 176, and Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, iii, 75. Morley sees in +this grove an allegory of man's life, the trees symbolizing trade, +pleasure, youth, etc. + +69. THE SAYLING PINE. Ships were built of pine. + +70. THE LOPLAR NEVER DRY, because it grows best in moist soil. + +71. THE BUILDER OAKE. In the Middle Ages most manor houses and churches +were built of oak. + +72. THE CYPRESSE FUNERALL, an emblem of death among the ancients, and +sacred to Pluto. Sidney says that they were wont to dress graves with +cypress branches in old times. + +73. THE LAURELL. Victors at the Pythian games and triumphing Roman generals +were crowned with laurel. It was also sacred to Apollo, the god of poetry, +hence "meed of poets sage." + +74. THE FIRRE THAT WEEPETH STILL. The fir exudes resinous substance. + +75. THE WILLOW. "Willows: a sad tree, whereof such who have lost their love +make their mourning garlands."--Fuller's _Worthies_, i, 153. Cf. Heywood's +_Song of the Green Willow_, and Desdemona's song in _Othello_, IV, iii, 39. + +76. THE EUGH. Ascham in his _Toxophilus_ tells us that the best bows were +made of yew. + +78. THE MIRRHE, the Arabian myrtle, which exudes a bitter but fragrant gum. +The allusion is to the wounding of Myrrha by her father and her +metamorphosis into this tree. + +79. THE WARLIKE BEECH, because lances and other arms were made of it. THE +ASH FOR NOTHING ILL. "The uses of the ash is one of the most universal: it +serves the souldier, the carpenter, the wheelwright, cartwright, cooper, +turner, and thatcher."--Evelyn's _Sylva_. The great tree Igdrasil in the +northern mythology was an ash. + +81. THE CARVER HOLME, or evergreen oak, was good for carving. + +106. SHAME WERE TO REVOKE, etc., it would be cowardly not to go forward for +fear of some suspected unseen danger. + +114. THE WANDRING WOOD, i.e. which causes men to go astray. + +123. MONSTER. The description of the monster Error, or Falsehood, is based +on Hesiod's Echidna, _Theog_. 301, and the locusts in _Revelation_, ix, +7-10. She is half human, half serpent, because error is partly true and +partly false. Dante's Fraud and Milton's Sin are similar monsters. + +126. FULL OF VILE DISDAINE, full of vileness that bred disgust in the +beholder. + +130. OF HER THERE BRED, etc., of her were born a thousand young ones. Her +offspring are lies and rumors of many shapes. + +141. ARMED TO POINT, completely armed. Cf. Fr. _a point_, to a nicety. + +145. THE VALIANT ELFE, because he was the reputed son of an Elfin or +Faerie, though really sprung from "an ancient race of Saxon kings." Three +kinds of elves are mentioned in the _Edda_: the black dwarfs, and brownies, +who both dwelt under ground, and the fair elves, who dwelt in Fairyland or +Alfheim. "The difference between Spenser's elves and these Teutonic elves +shows how he perverts Fairy mythology in the same way as he does Classical +myths."--Percival. + +168. HIS GALL DID GRATE FOR GRIEFE, his anger was aroused on account of +pain. In the old anatomy anger had its seat in the gallbladder. See +Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, I, i, 2. + +177. HER VOMIT FULL OF BOOKES, etc. From 1570, when Pope Sixtus V issued +his bull of deposition against Queen Elizabeth, to 1590, great numbers of +scurrilous pamphlets attacking the Queen and the Reformed church had been +disseminated by Jesuit refugees. + +181. NILUS. Pliny believed that the mud of the Nile had the power of +breeding living creatures like mice. _Hist. Nat._ ix, 84. So Shakespeare, +_Antony and Cleopatra_, II, vii, 29. + +199. GENTLE SHEPHEARD. In this pastoral simile, Spenser imitates Homer's +_Iliad_, ii, 469, and xvii, 641, and Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, xiv, 109. + +208. THUS ILL BESTEDD. There is a similar combat in the old romance _Guy of +Warwick_, ix, between the hero and a man-eating dragon. + +217. HER SCATTRED BROOD. The poet here follows a belief as old as Pliny +that the young of serpents fed on their mother's blood. In this entire +passage the details are too revolting for modern taste. + +232. THE WHICH THEM NURST. The antecedent of _which_ is _her_. In the +sixteenth century _the_ was frequently placed before _which_, which was +also the equivalent of _who_. Cf. the Lord's Prayer. + +234. HE SHOULD CONTEND, he should have had to contend. + +237. BORNE UNDER HAPPY STARRE. Belief in astrology was once common, and +Spenser being a Pythagorean would hold the doctrine of the influence of the +stars on human destiny. + +239. THAT ARMORIE, the armor of the Christian warrior. _Ephesians_, vi, 13. + +243. THAT LIKE SUCCEED IT MAY, that like successful adventures may succeed +it. The word order is inverted for the sake of the rhyme. + +250. TO FREND, as his friend. + +254. AN AGED SIRE, the false enchanter, Archimago, or Hypocrisy, who is +supposed to represent Pope Sixtus V or King Philip II of Spain. In general +he stands for false religion or the Church of Rome. The character and +adventure are taken from _Orlando Furioso_, ii, 12, in which there is a +hypocritical hermit. The Knight at first takes Archimago to be a palmer, +and inquires for the foreign news. + +295. TAKE UP YOUR IN, take lodging. + +301. A LITTLE WYDE, a little way off. + +315. AN AVE-MARY, Hail Mary, a prayer to the Virgin. Cf. _Luke_, i, 28. + +317. THE SAD HUMOUR, the heavy moisture, or "slombring deaw." + +318. MORPHEUS, the son of Somnus and god of sleep and dreams, who sprinkled +the dew of sleep on the brow of mortals from his horn or wings or from a +bough dipped in Lethe. + +323. HIS MAGICK BOOKES AND ARTES. Monks engaged in scientific +investigation, such as Friar Roger Bacon, were popularly supposed to use +cabalistic books, and to make compacts with the Devil by means of +necromancy, or the black art, as in st. xxxvii. Before the close of the +century Marlowe's _Doctor Faustus_ and Greene's _Friar Bacon and Friar +Bungay_, both based on the popular belief in magic, were presented on the +London stage. + +328. BLACKE PLUTOES GRIESLY DAME, Proserpine, the avenger of men, and +inflicter of curses on the dead. She is identified with Shakespeare's +Hecate, the goddess of sorcery, and with Milton's Cotytto, goddess of lust. +To this latter sin the knight is tempted. + +332. GREAT GORGON, Demogorgon, whose name might not be uttered, a magician +who had power over the spirits of the lower world. The poet is here +imitating the Latin poets Lucan and Statius. + +333. COCYTUS, the river of wailing, and STYX, the river of hate, both in +Hades. There were two others, _Acheron_, the river of sorrow, and +_Phlegethon_, the river of fire. + +335. LEGIONS OF SPRIGHTS. In this stanza and the preceding Spenser follows +Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, xiii, 6-11, where the magician Ismeno, +guarding the Enchanted Wood, conjures "legions of devils" with the "mighty +name" (l. 332). + +339. CHOSE. Imitation of Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, ii, 15, in which a +false spirit is called up by a hypocritical hermit. The description of the +House of Sleep in st. xxxix _seq_. is modelled on the same poet, _Orlando +Furioso_, ii, 15 _seq_. The influence of Homer's _Odyssey_, xi, 16 is seen +in st. xxxix, ll. 348 _seq_. + +348. TETHYS, the ocean. In classical mythology she is the daughter of +Uranus (heaven) and Gaea (earth), and the wife of Oceanus. + +349. CYNTHIA, the moon. The allusion is to the story of Diana and Endymion. +See Lyly's play _Endymion_. + +352. WHOSE DOUBLE GATES. Homer, _Odyssey_, xix, 562, and Vergil, _Aeneid_, +vi, 893, give the House of Dreams a horn and an ivory gate. Spenser +substitutes silver for horn, mirrors being overlaid with silver in his +time. From the ivory gate issued false dreams; from the other, true ones. + +361. SLUMBER SOFT. This stanza shows Spenser's wonderful technique. His +exquisite effects are produced, it will be noticed, partly by the choice of +musical words and partly by the rhythmical cadence of the verse phrases. It +is an example of perfect "keeping," or adaptation of sound to sense. Cf. +Chaucer's description of the waterfalls in the Cave of Sleep in his _Boke +of the Duchesse_, 162. + +376. WHOSE DRYER BRAINE, whose brain too dry. In the old physiology, a dry +brain was the cause of slow and weak perception, and a moist brain of +quickness. + +378. ALL, entirely, altogether. + +381. HECATE, queen of phantoms and demons in Hades, and mistress of witches +on earth. See xxxvii. + +387. THE SLEEPERS SENT, the sleeper's sense. + +405. MOST LIKE TO SEEME, etc.. most likely fit to seem for (represent) Una. +_Like_ is an adv. A very awkward inversion. + +411. BORNE WITHOUT HER DEW, i.e. created by him in an unnatural manner. + +425. FAYRE VENUS, the daughter of Jupiter, or Zeus, and the sea-nymph +Dione. She is the same as Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty. + +430. THE GRACES, Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and Thalia, daughters of Zeus and +Aphrodite. + +431. HYMEN IO HYMEN, refrain of an old Roman nuptial song. Hymen, the son +of Apollo and the Muse Urania, was the god of marriage. + +432. FRESHEST FLORA, the goddess of flowers. She typified spring. + +447. TO PROVE HIS SENSE, etc. To test his perception and prove her feigned +truth. + +449. THO CAN SHE WEEPE, then did she weep. _Can_ here is the Northern +dialect form for the middle English _gan_, past tense of _ginnen_, to +begin, which was used as an auxiliary. + +454. THE BLIND GOD, Cupid, Eros, or Amor, the god of love. + +478. Like other knights of romance, e.g. Sir Galahad and Sir Gareth in +Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, iii, 65, etc., the Redcross Knight does not +yield to the temptation of the flesh, but overcomes it. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS FOR STUDY + +(Canto I) + +1. Tell in your own words the story of this canto. 2. Which muse does +Spenser invoke? 3. Who were the nine muses? 4. What is the difference +between _pastoral_ and _epic_ poetry? 5. Illustrate by _The Shepheards +Calender_ and the _The Faerie Queene_. 6. Point out imitations of Homer, +Vergil, Lucan, Statius, Ariosto, Tasso, and Chaucer. 7. Explain the +reference to the religious questions and politics of Queen Elizabeth's +reign. 8. Where does Spenser use classical mythology--mediaeval legends? 9. +What references to the Bible do you find? 10. Try to make a mental picture +of the Knight--of Una--of Error--of Archimago. 11. Is Spenser's character +drawing objective or subjective? 12. Is the description of the wood in vii +true to nature? Could so many trees grow together in a thick wood? 13. +Study the Rembrandt-like effects of light and shade in xiv. 14. What +infernal deities are conjured up by Archimago? + +15. Paraphrase in your own language ll. 88, 106-107, 116, 267-268. + +16. Explain use of _of_ in l. 75. 17. What part of speech is _wandering_ l. +114? _to viewen_ l. 201? parse _which_ l. 232; _him_ and _spend_ l. 233; +_you_ and _shew_ l. 276. 18. Find examples of Euphuistic hyperbole in iv, +of alliteration in xiv. 19. Explain the use and form of _eyne_, _edified_, +_afflicted_, _weeds_, _Hebean_, _impe_, _compeld_, _areeds_, _blazon_, +_ycladd_. + +CANTO II + +I. _The Plot_: Deceived by Archimago's phantoms, the Redcross Knight +suspects the chastity of Una, and flies at early dawn with his dwarf. He +chances to meet the Saracen Sansfoy in company with the false Duessa. They +do battle and Sansfoy is slain. Duessa under the name of Fidessa attaches +herself to the Knight, and they ride forward. They stop to rest under some +shady trees, On breaking a bough, the Knight discovers that the trees are +two lovers, Fradubio and Fraelissa, thus imprisoned by the cruel +enchantment of Duessa. + +II. _The Allegory_: 1. Hypocrisy under a pious disguise is attractive to +Holiness. Truth is also deceived by it, and shamefully slandered. Holiness +having abandoned Truth, takes up with Falsehood, who is attended by +Infidelity. Unbelief when openly assailing Holiness is overthrown, but +Falsehood under the guise of Faith remains undiscovered. The fate of the +man (Fradubio) is set forth who halts between two opinions,--False Religion +(Duessa) and Heathen Philosophy, or Natural Religion (Fraelissa). + +2. The Reformed Church, no longer under the guidance of Truth, rushes +headlong into Infidelity, and unwittingly became the defender of the Romish +Faith under the name of the True Faith. There is a hint of the intrigues of +Mary Queen of Scots and the libels of the Jesuits on Queen Elizabeth +designed to bring back the English nation to Romish allegiance. + +LINE 1. THE NORTHERNE WAGONER, the constellation Bootes. + +2. HIS SEVENFOLD TEME, the seven stars of Ursa Major, or Charles's Wain. +THE STEDFAST STARRE, the Pole-star, which never sets. + +6. CHEAREFULL CHAUNTICLERE, the name of the cock in the fabliaux and beast +epics, e.g. _Roman de Renart_ and _Reineke Fuchs_. + +7. PHOEBUS FIERY CARRE, the sun. + +11. THAT FAIRE-FORGED SPRIGHT, fair but miscreated spirit (I, xiv). Spenser +took suggestions for this stanza from Ariosto and Tasso. + +51. FAIRE HESPERUS, the evening star. + +55. THE ROSY-FINGRED MORNING. This beautiful epithet of Aurora, the goddess +of the dawn, is borrowed from Homer, Hesiod, and other ancient poets. + +56. AGED TITHONES, son of Laomedon, King of Troy. Aurora conferred upon him +immortality without youth, hence the epithet "aged." + +58. TITAN, the sun-god in the Roman myths. + +85. PROTEUS, a sea-god who was endowed with the power of prophecy. He could +change himself into any shape in order to avoid having to prophesy. See +Homer, _Odyssey_, iv, 366 _seq_., and Vergil, _Georgics_, iv, 387. + +90. HERBES. In the sixteenth century the belief in potions, magic formulas, +etc., was still strongly rooted in the popular mind. The Spanish court and +the priests were supposed to employ supernatural agencies against the +Protestants. + +105. A FAITHLESS SARAZIN. Spenser uses the word Saracen in the general +sense of pagan. During the Middle Ages the Saracen power was a menace to +Europe, and the stronghold of infidelity. The names of the three Paynim +brethren, Sansfoy, Sansjoy, and Sansloy,--faithless, joyless, and +lawless,--suggest the point of view of Spenser's age. + +109. A FAIRE COMPANION, the enchantress Duessa, or Falsehood, who calls +herself Fidessa. In the allegory Spenser intended her to represent the +Romish church and Mary Queen of Scots. Her character and appearance were +suggested by the woman of Babylon, in _Revelation_, viii, 4, Ariosto's +Alcina, and Tasso's Armida. + +136. AS WHEN TWO RAMS. This figure is found in Vergil, Apollonius, Malory, +Tasso, Dante, and other poets and romancers. + +141. THE HANGING VICTORY, the victory which hung doubtful in the balance. + +144. THE BROKEN RELIQUES, the shattered lances. + +148. EACH OTHERS EQUALL PUISSAUNCE ENVIES, each envies the equal prowess of +the other. + +149. THROUGH THEIR IRON SIDES, etc., through their armored sides with cruel +glances, etc. + +155. THE BITTER FIT, the bitterness of death. + +158. ASSURED SITT, etc., sit firm (in the saddle), and hide (cover) thy +head (with thy shield). + +160. WITH RIGOUR SO OUTRAGEOUS, with force so violent. + +161. THAT A LARGE SHARE, etc., that a large piece it (the sword) hewed, +etc. + +162. FROM BLAME HIM FAIRLY BLEST. 1, fairly preserved him from hurt; 2, +fairly acquitted him of blame. _Him_ in (1) refers to the knight, in (2) to +the Saracen. (1) is the better interpretation. + +169. GRUDGING. Because reluctant to part from the flesh. + +196. DAUGHTER OF AN EMPEROUR. Duessa represents the Pope, who exercised +imperial authority in Rome, though the seat of the empire had been +transferred to Constantinople in 476. + +200. THE ONLY HAIRE. The dauphin of France, the first husband of Mary Queen +of Scots, afterwards King Francis II, son of Henry II. Duessa's story is +full of falsehoods. + +244. SO DAINTY THEY SAY MAKETH DERTH, coyness makes desire. The knight is +allured on by Duessa's assumed shyness. + +251. NE WONT THERE SOUND, nor was accustomed to sound there. + +254. COOL SHADE. The Reformed Church, weakened by Falsehood, is enticed by +doubt and skepticism. + +262. FAIRE SEEMLY PLEASAUNCE, pleasant courtesies. + +263. WITH GOODLY PURPOSES, with polite conversation. This whole stanza +refers to Mary's candidacy for the English throne and its dangers to +Protestantism. + +269. HE PLUCKT A BOUGH. In this incident Spenser imitates Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_, vi, 26, in which Ruggiero addresses a myrtle which bleeds and +cries out with pain. The conception of men turned into trees occurs also in +Ovid, Vergil, Tasso, and Dante. + +272. O SPARE WITH GUILTY HANDS, etc. Cf Vergil's account of Polydorus in +_Aeneid_, iii, 41, in which a myrtle exclaims, _Parce pias scelerare +manus_, etc. + +284. FROM LIMBO LAKE, here, the abode of the lost. With the Schoolmen, +Limbo was a border region of hell where dwelt the souls of Old Testament +saints, pious heathen, lunatics, and unbaptized infants. Cf. Milton's +Paradise of Fools, _Paradise Lost_, iii, 495. + +291. FRADUBIO, as it were "Brother Doubtful," one who hesitates between +false religion and pagan religion, Duessa and Fraelissa (Morley). Fraelissa +is fair but frail, and will not do to lean upon. + +342. FAIRE IN PLACE, fair in that place. + +351. TO TREEN MOULD, to the form of a tree. _Treen_ is an adj. like +_wooden_. + +354. THE SAME. Supply "as she appeared to be," i.e. fair and true. + +357. PROPER HEW. Witches had to appear in their "proper hew" one day in +spring and undergo a purifying bath. The old romances make frequent mention +of the enchanted herb bath. + +370. BY CHAUNGES OF MY CHEARE, by my changed countenance or expression. + +371. DROWND IN SLEEPIE NIGHT. The phrase modifies "body," or is equivalent +to "while I was drowned in sleep." + +382. IN A LIVING WELL, in a well of running water. This well signifies the +healing power of Christianity. _John_, iv, 14. In Spenser's story this well +is never found, and the wretched couple are never restored to human shape. + +404. ALL PASSED FEARE, all fear having passed. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto II) + +1. How does the knight feel and act while under Archimago's spell? 2. What +becomes of Una? 3. How does Archimago plan to deceive her? 4. Tell the +story of the lovers turned into trees. 5. Who was Sansfoy? 6. Describe the +appearance and character of Duessa. 7. What did she have to do with +Fradubio and Fraelissa? 8. What was the old belief about the penance of +witches? 9. How only could the lovers be restored to their human shape? Was +it done? 10. Who were St. George, Phoebus, Titan, Tithonius? 11. Explain +the reference to Chaunticlere in l. 6. + +12. Find examples of _alliteration_ in xix; of _balance_ in xxxvii; and of +_Latinizing_ in xix; xxxvi; xxxviii, and xl. + +13. Paraphrase in your own words ll. 111, 134-135, 162 (giving two +interpretations); 335, 386-387. + +14. What _figure of speech_ is used in xiii, xvi, and xx? + +15. Study the rich word-painting in the description of sunrise in vii. Find +other examples of this poet's use of "costly" epithets. + +16. Scan the following passages: 148, 174, 178, 193, and 299. + +17. Find example of _tmesis_ (separation of prep. from ob.) in xlv. + +18. What is the difference between the two _wells_ in xliii? + +19. To whom do the pronouns in ll. 174, 175 refer? + +20. What is the _case_ of _heavens_ in l. 193? of _Sarazin_ in l. 217? + +21. What words are omitted in ll. 188, 313, 398? + +CANTO III + +I. _The Plot:_ Una wandering in quest of her Knight is guarded by a Lion. +With difficulty they gain entrance to the cottage of Corceca and her +daughter Abessa, the paramour of Kirkrapine. The latter is killed by the +Lion. Fleeing the next day, Una falls in with Archimago disguised as the +Redcross Knight. They journey on and meet a second Saracen knight, Sansloy. +In the fight which ensues Archimago is unhorsed and his deception unmasked. +The Lion is slain, and Una becomes the captive of Sansloy. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. Truth finds temporary protection in Reason, or +Natural Honor (Lion), and with its help puts a stop to the Robbing of +Churches (Kirkrapine), which is connived at by Blind Devotion (Corceca) and +Secret Sin (Abessa). Truth is then associated with Hypocrisy under the +guise of Holiness, but it is soon unmasked by Lawlessness (Sansloy), with +which Truth is forced into an unnatural alliance. + +2. "The lion is said to represent Henry VIII, overthrowing the monasteries, +destroying church-robbers, disturbing the dark haunts of idleness, +ignorance and superstition."--Kitchin. The battle between Archimago and +Sansloy refers to the contests of the Catholic powers with the Moslems. The +whole canto also has a hint of the violence and lawlessness connected with +the English conquest of Ireland. + +LINE 14. THOUGH TRUE AS TOUCH, though true as if tested on the touchstone +(by which true gold was distinguished from counterfeit). + +18. AND HER DUE LOVES, etc., the love due to her diverted, etc. + +27. YET WISHED TYDINGS, etc., yet none brought unto her the wished-for +tidings of him. An awkward transposition. + +34. THE GREAT EYE OF HEAVEN, the sun. Cf. _Paradise Lost_, v. 171. + +38. A RAMPING LYON. Reason or Natural Honor; also Henry VIII. According to +the ancient belief, no lion would attack a true virgin or one of royal +blood. Similar scenes are found in _Sir Bevis of Hampton_, _The Seven +Champions of Christendom_, etc. Cf. I _Henry_ IV, ii, 4. The allegory +signifies that man guided merely by reason will recognize Truth and pay it +homage. + +51. WHOSE YEELDED PRIDE, etc., object of _had marked_, l. 52. + +77. HE KEPT BOTH WATCH AND WARD, he kept awake and guarded her. + +89. A DAMZELL SPYDE, Abessa, who symbolizes Flagrant or Secret Sin. + +99. HER CAST IN DEADLY HEW, threw her into a deathly paleness. + +101. UPON THE WAGER LAY, was at stake. + +102. WHEREAS HER MOTHER BLYND, where her blind mother, Corceca, or Blind +Devotion. + +109. UNRULY PAGE. This refers to the violence with which Henry VIII forced +Protestantism upon the people. In his _Present State of Ireland_ (p. 645), +Spenser speaks of the ignorance and blind devotion of the Irish Papists in +the benighted country places. + +116. PATER NOSTERS, the Lord's Prayer; AVES, prayers to the Virgin. + +136. ALDEBORAN, the Bull's Eye, a double star of the first magnitude in the +constellation Taurus. + +137. CASSIOPEIAS CHAIRE, a circumpolar constellation having a fancied +resemblance to a chair. + +139. ONE KNOCKED AT THE DORE, Kirkrapine, the plunderer of the Church. +Spenser represents in him the peculiar vices of the Irish clergy and laity. + +166. STAY HIM TO ADVIZE, stop to reflect. + +172. HIM BOOTETH NOT RESIST, it does him no good to resist. This whole +passage refers, perhaps, to Henry VIII's suppression of the monasteries and +convents in 1538-39. + +185. THAT LONG WANDRING GREEKE. Ulysses, or Odysseus, the hero of Homer's +_Odyssey_, who wandered ten years and refused immortality from the goddess +Calypso in order that he might return to Penelope. + +xxii. Note the rhymes _deare_, _heare_, and _teare_ (air). This 16th +century pronunciation still survives in South Carolina. See Ellis's _Early +English Pronunciation_, III, 868. This stanza reads like the description of +an Irish wake. + +238. OR OUGHT HAVE DONE, or have done something to displease you. + +239. THAT SHOULD AS DEATH, etc., that should settle like death, etc. + +248. AND CHOSE IN FAERY COURT. See Spenser's letter to Sir W. Raleigh, p. +6. + +250. HER KINDLY SKILL, her natural power. + +276. FIERCE ORIONS HOUND, Sirius, the Dog-star, the brightest of the fixed +stars. The constellation Orion was named from a giant hunter who was +beloved by Aurora and slain by Diana. + +279. AND NEREUS CROWNES WITH CUPS, and Nereus drinks bumpers in his honor. +Nereus was a sea-god, son of Ocean and Earth. + +282. FROM GROUND, from the land. + +297. SANS LOY symbolizes the pagan lawlessness in Ireland. There is also a +wider reference to the struggles between the Turks and the allied Christian +powers, which had been going on since the siege of Vienna in 1529. + +309. VAINLY CROSSED SHIELD, Archimago's false cross lacked the protecting +power of St. George's charmed true cross. + +321. LETHE LAKE, a lake or river of Hades, whose water brought oblivion or +forgetfulness to all who drank of it. + +322. Refers to the ancient custom of sacrificing an enemy on the funeral +altar to appease the shade of the dead. + +323. THE BLACKE INFERNALL FURIES, the Erinyes, or goddesses of vengeance, +who dwelt in Erebus. They were robed in black, bloody garments befitting +their gloomy character. + +325. In romance it was customary for the victor to unlace the helmet of the +knight whom he had unhorsed before slaying him. Friends and relatives were +sometimes discovered by this precaution. + +342. NE EVER WONT IN FIELD, etc., was never accustomed to fight in the +battle-field or in the lists of the tournament. + +xliii. Contrast Sansloy's rude treatment of Una with the chivalrous respect +and courtesy always shown by a true knight to woman. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto III) + +1. What moral reflections does the poet make in the introductory stanza? +Note the reference to the Queen. 2. What do you learn of the laws, customs, +and sentiments of chivalry in this canto? 3. Give an account of Una's +meeting with the Lion. 4. Explain the allegory of the incident of the Lion. +5. Describe the character, appearance, and actions of Corceca, and explain +the allegory. 6. Note the use of the stars to indicate time. 7. Under what +circumstances does Una meet Archimago? 8. Explain the allegory in ix. 9. +Note the Euphuistic balance in xxvii. 10. What figure do you find in xxxi? +Note the Homeric style. 11. Describe the fight between Archimago and +Sansloy, and explain the double allegory. 12. What is the moral +interpretation of xli-xlii? + +13. Explain the Latinisms in ll. 37 and 377. 14. How are the adjectives +used in l. 57? 15. Note change of pronouns in vii from third person to +first. 16. Explain tense of _shold pas_ in l. 83. 17. Note confusion of +pronouns in xxii and xxxv. 18. Examine the _nominative absolute_ +construction in st. xiv and xxxix. 19. Explain the ambiguous construction +in l. 165. 20. Parse _her_ in l. 262. 21. Note careless use of relative in +l. 288. + +CANTO IV + +I. _The Plot:_ In this and the following canto the adventures of the +Redcross Knight are continued from Canto II. Guided by Duessa, he enters +the House of Pride. There he sees Lucifera, the Queen of Pride, attended by +her sinful court. Her six Counselors are described in detail, with an +account of a pleasure trip taken by the Queen and her court. Sansjoy +unexpectedly arrives and challenges the Knight to mortal combat for the +shield of Sansfoy. That night Duessa holds a secret conference with the +Saracen knight. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The Christian Soldier, under the influence of false +ideals (Duessa), is exposed to the temptations of the Seven Deadly Sins, +chief among which is Pride. In the midst of these sinful pleasures, he is +assailed by Joylessness, on whose side is Falsehood secretly. + +2. The religious and political allegory is here vague and somewhat +discontinuous. There is a hint, however, of the attempts of Mary Queen of +Scots to bring England back to Romanism. The pride and corruption of the +false church and its clergy are set forth. There is also a suggestion of +the perilous position of the English in Ireland. + +20. OF EACH DEGREE AND PLACE, of every rank and order of society. + +21. HAVING SCAPED HARD, having escaped with difficulty. + +24. LAZARS. Leprosy was a common disease in England even as late as the +sixteenth century. + +49. MALVENU, ill-come, as opposed to _Bienvenu_, welcome. + +73. LIKE PHOEBUS FAIREST CHILDE, Phaethon, the son of Helios. He was killed +by a thunderbolt from the hand of Zeus, as a result of his reckless driving +of the chariot of the sun. + +86. A DREADFULL DRAGON, Fallen Pride. + +94. This genealogy of Pride is invented by the poet in accord with the +Christian doctrine concerning this sin. + +107. SIX WIZARDS OLD, the remaining six of the Seven Deadly Sins, Wrath, +Envy, Lechery, Gluttony, Avarice, and Idleness. See Chaucer's _Parson's +Tale_ for a sermon on these mortal sins, Gower's _Dance of the Seven Deadly +Sins_, and Laugland's _Piers Plowman_. + +145. COCHE. Spenser imitates Ovid and Homer in this description of Juno's +chariot. The peacock was sacred to the goddess, who transferred to its tail +the hundred eyes of the monster Argus. See Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, i, 625 +_seq_. + +157. WITH LIKE CONDITIONS, etc. The behests were of a kind similar to the +nature of the six Sins. + +174. HE CHALENGED ESSOYNE, he claimed exemption. + +185. LIKE A CRANE. This refers to Aristotle's story of a man who wished +that his neck were as long as a crane's, that he might the longer enjoy the +swallowing of his food. _Nic. Ethics_, iii, 13. + +205. A DRY DROPSIE, a dropsy causing thirst. + +236. UPON A CAMELL, etc. The reference is to a story in Herodotus' +_History_ (iii, 102 _seq_.), in which the Indians are described as carrying +off on camels gold dust hoarded by enormous ants. + +252. UNTO HIM SELFE UNKNOWNE, i.e. being ignorant of his own wretchedness. + +309. UNTHRIFTY SCATH, wicked damage, or mischief that thrives not. + +313. THE SWELLING SPLENE. The spleen was the seat of anger. + +314. SAINT FRAUNCES FIRE, St. Anthony's fire, or erysipelas. Diseases were +named from those who were supposed to be able to heal them. + +335. WITH PLEASAUNCE, etc. Fed with enjoyment of the fields, the fresh air +of which they went to breathe. + +437. AND HELPLESSE HAP, etc. It does no good to bemoan unavoidable chance. + +440. PAY HIS DEWTIES LAST, pay his last duty to the shade of the slain man +by sacrificing his murderer. + +443. ODDES OF ARMES, chances of mishap in arms due to some advantage of +one's antagonist. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto IV) + +1. What are the moral reflections in stanza i? 2. What suggestion of the +condition of the English roads do you find in st. ii? 3. _But few +returned_, l. 21. What became of the rest? 4. Give a description of the +House of Pride. Note resemblance to a typical Elizabethan hall. 5. Explain +the allegory of the House, noting the association of ugliness and beauty. +6. How is expectation aroused in vi? 7. Describe the dramatic appearance +and character of Pride. Cf. description of Satan on his throne in _Paradise +Lost_, iii. 8. What do you learn in this canto of Elizabethan or chivalric +manners and customs? 9. Describe the procession at the court of Pride. 10. +What satire of the Romish priesthood in xviii-xx? 11. Note examples of +Spenser's humor in xiv and xvi. 12. Point out the classical influence +(Dionysus and Silenus) in the description of Gluttony. 13. Subject of the +interview between Duessa and Sansjoy. 14. Point out the archaisms in l. 10; +alliteration in xxxix and l; the Latinisms in xlvi and xlvii. 15. In what +case is _way_ in l. 17? 16. Explain the meaning and historical significance +of _lazar_, l. 24, and _diall_, l. 36. 17. Explain the references of the +pronouns in l. 55, and ll. 418-419. 18. Note the Euphuistic balance and +antithesis in xxix and xlv. 19. Explain the suffix in _marchen_ in l. 325. +20. Note the double negative in iv, xlix. 21. Paraphrase in your own words +ll. 239, 243, 360, 437. + +CANTO V + +I. _The Plot_: (a continuation of Canto IV). The Knight fights in the lists +with Sansjoy and defeats him, but is prevented by Duessa's magic from +slaying him. Duessa descends to Erebus and obtains the aid of Night, who +conveys the wounded Saracen in her chariot to Aesculapius to be healed of +his wounds. The tortures of some of the souls in Erebus are described, +particularly the cause of Aesculapius' punishment. A roll of the prisoners +whom the dwarf discovers in Pride's dungeon is given. The Knight flees with +the dwarf from her house. + +II. _The Allegory_: When the Christian Soldier is attacked by Joylessness, +he has a far more desperate struggle than that with Infidelity, and comes +out wounded though victorious. Joylessness when crushed by Holiness is +restored by Pagan Philosophy. The backsliding Christian is warned in time +by Prudence of the fearful consequences of sin, and hastens to turn his +back on Pride and the other sins. The soul is led to dread Pride, not by +Truth, but by its sufferings and other inferior motives. + +25. THEIR TIMELY VOYCES, their voices keeping time with their harps. + +27. OLD LOVES, famous love-affairs, the subject of the Minnesaengers. + +29. IN WOVEN MAILE, in chain armor. + +32. ARABY, probably here the Orient in general. + +33. FROM FURTHEST YND, from farthest India. + +39. UNTO A PALED GREENE, a green inclosure (lists for a tournament) +surrounded by a palisade. + +44. HIS. An old method of forming the possessive, based on a +misapprehension of the original Anglo-Saxon suffix _-es_, which was +shortened in middle English to _-is_, and finally to _s_. + +45. BOTH THOSE, etc. Both Duessa and the shield are to go to the victor. + +65. A GRYFON, a fabulous animal, part lion and part eagle. _Gryfon_ is +subject of _encountereth_ with _Dragon_ as object. + +89. AND SLUGGISH GERMAN, etc., and sluggish brother dost relax thy strength +to send his (Sansfoy's) foe after him, that he may overtake him. In ll. +86-88 Sansjoy addresses his brother, in ll. 89-90 himself. _German_ is any +blood relation. + +100. The Knight supposed that Duessa's encouraging words were addressed to +him. + +114. Spenser here, with fine dramatic effect, imitates Homer, who saves +Paris and Aeneas by a similar device. _Iliad_, iii, 380, and v, 345. + +159. TEARES. This mention of the man-eating crocodile's tears is based on +an old Latin proverb. Sir John Mandeville repeats the story. + +172. GRIESLY NIGHT. According to mythology (Hesiod's _Theog_., 123), one of +the first things created, the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Aether (sky) +and Hemera (day); also of Deceit, Strife, Old Age, and Vengeance. See xxii +and xxvii. + +202. ON GRONING BEARE, on a bier with groaning friends around. + +204. O WHAT OF GODS, etc., O what is it to be born of gods, if old +Aveugle's (the father of the three Saracens) sons are so ill treated. + +219. AND GOOD SUCCESSES, etc., and good results which follow their foes. + +221. OR BREAKE THE CHAYNE, refers to Jove's proposition to fasten a golden +chain to the earth by which to test his strength. Homer's _Iliad_, viii, +19. Cf. Milton's _Paradise Lost_, ii, 1051. + +225. BAD EXCHEAT, bad gain by exchange. _Escheat_ is an old legal term, +meaning any lands or goods which fall to the lord of a fief by forfeiture. +Cf. "rob Peter to pay Paul." + +229. SHALL WITH HIS OWNE BLOUD, etc., shall pay the price of the blood that +he has spilt with his own. + +263. Here Spenser imitates Homer's _Odyssey_, xvi, 163. + +267. THE GHASTLY OWLE. The poet follows the Latin rather than the Greek +poets, who regard the owl as the bird of wisdom. + +273. OF DEEP AVERNUS HOLE. Avernus in the poets is a cavern (in an ancient +crater), supposed to be the entrance to the infernal regions. Cf. Vergil's +_Aeneid_, vi, 237. In Strabo's Geography it is a lake in Campania. + +298. CERBERUS, the dog which guarded the lower regions. This stanza is an +imitation of Vergil's _Aeneid_, vi, 417 _seq_. In Dante's _Inferno_ Vergil +appeases him by casting handfuls of earth into his maw. + +xxxv. In this stanza we see the influence of Homer and Vergil. Ixion, the +king of Lapithae, was chained by order of Zeus to a fiery-winged wheel for +aspiring to the love of the goddess Hera (Juno). Sisyphus had to roll a +huge stone forever up a hill for betraying the designs of the gods. +Tantalus, for divulging the secrets of Zeus, was condemned to stand +tormented by thirst in a lake. Tityus, for an assault on Artemis, was +pinioned to the ground with two vultures plucking at his vitals. Typhoeus, +a hundred-headed giant, was slain by Zeus' thunderbolt, and buried under +Aetna. The gin on which he was tortured was probably the rack of the Middle +Ages. Cf. the bed of Procrustes. Theseus, for attempting to carry off +Persephone, was fixed to a rock in Tartarus. The "fifty sisters" are the +fifty Danaides, who, for slaying their husbands, were condemned to pour +water forever into a vessel full of holes. + +322. SAD AESCULAPIUS, the god of medicine, slain by Zeus for arresting +death and diseases. + +354. AND FATES EXPIRED, and the threads of life which the fates (Parcae) +had severed. + +387. GREAT PAINES, AND GREATER PRAISE, etc. His praise, like his pain, is +to be eternal. + +xlvii. This list of the thralls of Pride is in imitation of a similar one +in Chaucer's _Monk's Tale_, which was based on Boccaccio's _De Casibus +Illustrium Virorum_. + +415. PROUD KING OF BABYLON, Nebuchadnezzar. See _Daniel_, iii and iv. + +420. KING CROESUS, the last king of Lydia, who was overthrown by Cyrus in +B.C. 646. _Herodotus_, i, 26. + +422. PROUD ANTIOCHUS, Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria, who captured +Jerusalem twice, and defiled God's altar. He died raving mad B.C. 164. +Josephus, _Antiquities of the Jews_, xiii, 5-9. + +424. GREAT NIMROD, "the mighty hunter" (_Genesis_, x, 8), whose game, +according to Spenser, was man. Josephus tells us that through pride he +built the tower of Babel. + +426. OLD NINUS, the legendary founder of Nineveh, and put to death by his +wife, Semiramis. + +428. THAT MIGHTY MONARCH, Alexander the Great (B.C. 366-323), king of +Macedon. While consulting the oracle of Jupiter Ammon in the Libyan desert +he was saluted by the priests as "Ammons Sonne." He died either of poison +(Plutarch) or of excessive drink (Diodorus). + +437. GREAT ROMULUS, legendary founder of Rome (B.C. 753). See Livy, i, 16. + +438. PROUD TARQUIN, Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome. He was +banished B.C. 510. + +438. TOO LORDLY LENTULUS, surnamed Sura, member of a haughty patrician +family, who conspired with Catiline, and was strangled B.C. 62. + +439. STOUT SCIPIO, Cornelius Scipio Africanus (B.C. 287?-183?), the +conqueror of Hannibal, and self-exiled from Rome. Livy speaks of his +inordinate pride, xxxviii, 50. + +439. STUBBORNE HANNIBALL (B.C. 247-183), the great Carthaginian general, +who died by poison to avoid falling into the hands of the Romans. + +440. AMBITIOUS SYLLA (B.C. 138-78), Cornelius Sulla, the Dictator, who died +a loathsome death. + +440. STERNE MARIUS (B.C. 157-86), after being seven times consul, he was +obliged to take refuge from his rival Sulla amid the ruins of Carthage. + +441. HIGH CAESAR, Caius Julius Caesar (B.C. 100-44), who was murdered by +Brutus and other conspirators. + +441. GREAT POMPEY. Cn. Pompeius Magnus (B.C. 106-48). After his defeat at +Pharsalia, he fled to Egypt, where he was murdered. + +441. FIERCE ANTONIUS, Marcus (B.C. 83-30), the great triumvir, who after +his defeat at Actium killed himself in Egypt. + +444. THE BOLD SEMIRAMIS, the legendary queen of Assyria. + +446. FAIRE STHENOBOEA, the wife of Proteus, who on account of her +unrequited love for Bellerophon, died by hemlock. Aristophanes' _Frogs_, +1049 _seq_. + +448. HIGH MINDED CLEOPATRA (B.C. 69-30), the beautiful queen of Egypt, who +is said by Plutarch to have died in the manner mentioned. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto V) + +1. How did Redcross spend the night before the fight with Sansjoy? + +2. Study in detail the fine description of Duessa's descent to Erebus. + +3. What elements of beauty are seen in the description of dawn and sunrise +in ii? and compare _Psalms_, xix, 5. 4. What arbitrary classification of +musicians does Spenser make in iii? 5. Who is the _far renowmed Queene_ in +v? 6. Describe the joust between the Knight and Sansjoy. 7. Where do you +learn of the laws governing such contests? 8. Observe the dramatic way in +which Duessa saves Sansjoy. 9. What dramatic stroke in xxvii? 10. Describe +Night and her team. 11. Give an account of her descent to Erebus with +Sansjoy. 12. What were some of the tortures of the damned? 13. What effect +is produced in xxx and how? 14. Point out some instances in which Spenser +has imitated Homer--Vergil. + +15. Where does he follow the Latin rather than the Greek poets? + +16. Why did Aesculapius hesitate to heal Sansjoy? 17. Whom did the dwarf +see in the dungeons of Pride? 18. Why did the Knight flee from the House of +Pride? + +19. Examine the following grammatical forms: _maken_, l. 22; _woundes_, l. +400. 20. What _figure of speech_ is employed in xviii? 21. What +illustration is used in viii? 22. Find example of _balanced structure_ in +vii; _alliteration_ in viii, xv, xviii. 23. Scan l. 23. 24. Note nom. abs. +construction in xlv. + +25. Paraphrase the involved constructions in xlii, xix, viii, xxxvi. + +CANTO VI + +I. _The Plot_: (Continuation of Canto III). Una is delivered from Sansloy +by a band of Satyrs. She remains with them as their teacher. There a knight +of the wild-wood, Sir Satyrane, discovers her, and by his assistance, Una +succeeds in making her way out of the forest to the plain. On the way they +meet Archimago, disguised as a pilgrim, and he deceives them and leads them +to Sansloy. While Sir Satyrane and Sansloy are engaged in a bloody battle, +Una flees. She is pursued by Archimago but makes her escape. + +II. _The Allegory_: 1. Truth is saved from destruction by Lawless Violence +(Sansloy) by the aid of Barbarism or Savage Instinct, which terrorizes +Lawlessness but offers natural homage to Truth. Truth finds a temporary +home among Ignorant and Rude Folk (Satyrs) and in return imparts divine +truth to their unregenerate minds. Natural Heroism or Manly Courage (Sir +Satyrane) sides with Truth and defends it against Lawlessness. + +2. The religious allegory signifies the extension of Protestantism through +the outlying rural districts of England and in Ireland. Upton thinks that +Sir Satyrane represents "Sir John Perrot, whose behaviour, though honest, +was too coarse and rude for a court. 'Twas well known that he was a son of +Henry VIII." Holinshed says that as Lord President of Munster, Sir John +secured such peace and security that a man might travel in Ireland with a +white stick only in his hand. + +16. FROM ONE TO OTHER YND, from the East to the West Indies. + +61. A TROUPE OF FAUNES AND SATYRES. The Fauns were the wood-gods of the +Romans, the Satyrs the wood-gods of the Greeks. They were half human, half +goat, and represented the luxuriant powers of nature. + +63. OLD SYLVANUS, the Roman god of fields and woods, young and fond of +animal pleasures. Spenser represents him as a feeble but sensuous old man. + +90. WITH CHAUNGE OF FEARE, from the wolf to the lion. + +96. RUSTICK HORROR, bristling hair. + +99. THEIR BACKWARD BENT KNEES, like the hinder legs of a goat. + +101. THEIR BARBAROUS TRUTH, their savage honor. + +103. LATE LEARND, having been recently taught. She had shown too "hasty +trust" in Archimago. + +112. WITHOUT SUSPECT OF CRIME, without suspicion of blame. + +117. The olive is the emblem of peace, as the ivy (l. 126) is of +sensuousness. + +120. WITH THEIR HORNED FEET, with their hoofs. + +128. OR BACCHUS MERRY FRUIT, etc., whether they did discover grapes. + +129. OR CYBELES FRANTICKE RITES, the wild dances of the Corybantes, +priestesses of Cybele, or Rhea, the wife of Chronos and mother of the gods. + +132. THAT MIRRHOUR RARE, that model of beauty. So Sidney was called "the +mirror of chivalry." + +134. FAIRE DRYOPE, a princess of Aechalia, who became a forest nymph. +Pholoe, mentioned in l. 135, is probably a fictitious creation of the +author's. + +146. DEAREST CYPARISSE, a youth of Cea, who accidentally killed his +favorite stag and dying of grief was changed into a cypress. He was beloved +by Apollo and Sylvanus. + +148. NOT FAIRE TO THIS, i.e. compared to this. + +152. N'OULD AFTER JOY, would not afterwards be cheerful. + +153. SELFE-WILD ANNOY, self-willed distress. + +154. FAIRE HAMADRYADES, the nymphs who dwelt in the forest trees and died +with them. + +156. LIGHT-FOOT NAIADES, the fresh water nymphs, companions of the fauns +and satyrs. + +161. THEIR WOODY KIND, the wood-born creatures of their own kind, e.g. +nymphs or satyrs. + +163. Una was "luckelesse" in having lost her knights, but "lucky" in the +friendship of the Satyrs. Note the Euphuistic phrasing. + +169. IDOLATRYES. The allegory has reference to the idolatrous practices of +the ignorant primitive Christians, such as the worship of images of the +Saints, the pageant of the wooden ass during Lent (see _Matthew_, xxi, and +Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, i, 124), and the Feast of the Ass (see +_Matthew_, ii, 14). + +172. A NOBLE WARLIKE KNIGHT, Sir Satyrane, in whom are united rude untaught +chivalry and woodland savagery. He represents natural heroism and +instinctive love of truth. + +173. BY JUST OCCASION, just at the right moment. + +184. THYAMIS is the symbol of Animal Passion; LABRYDE of the lower +appetites; THERION, the human wild beast, who deserts his wife. + +xxiv. This account of Sir Satyrane's education is based on that of Rogero +by his uncle Atlante in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, vii, 5, 7. + +213. MAISTER OF HIS GUISE, his instructor. + +214. AT HIS HORRID VEW, his shaggy, uncouth appearance. + +256. HIS FAMOUS WORTH WAS BLOWN, i.e. blazoned by Fame's trumpet. + +308. A JACOBS STAFFE. According to Nares, "A pilgrim's staff; either from +the frequent pilgrimages to St. James of Comfortella (in Galicia), or +because the apostle St. James is usually represented with one." + +371. See Canto III, xxxviii, where Archimago was disguised as St. George. + +372. TH' ENCHAUNTER VAINE, etc., the foolish enchanter (Archimago) would +not have rued his (St. George's) crime (i.e. slaying Sansfoy). + +373. BUT THEM HIS ERROUR SHALT, etc., thou shalt by thy death pay the +penalty of his crime and thus prove that he was really guilty. A very +obscure passage. Look up the original meaning of _shall_. + +386. This simile is found frequently in the old romances. Cf. Malory's +_Morte d'Arthur_, ii, 104, and Chaucer's _Knight's Tale_, l. 1160. + +416. According to a usage of chivalry, the lover wore a glove, sleeve, +kerchief, or other token of his lady-love on his helmet. By "lover's token" +Sansloy ironically means a blow. + +425. TO HER LAST DECAY, to her utter ruin. + +426. Spenser leaves the fight between Sansloy and Sir Satyrane unfinished. +Both warriors appear in later books of the _Faerie Queene_. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto VI) + +1. Who rescued Una from Sansloy? 2. How does Una repay their kindness? 3. +How was she treated by them? 4. Explain the references to the various +classes of nymphs. 5. Look up the classical references in xvi and xviii. 6. +Why is Una described as "luckelesse lucky"? 7. What customs of the early +Christians are referred to in xix? 8. What does Sir Satyrane symbolize in +the allegory? 9. What was his character and education? 10. Note the +Elizabethan conception of the goddess Fortune in xxxi. 11. Did Una act +ungratefully in leaving the Satyrs as she did? 12. Who is the _weary wight_ +in xxxiv? 13. What news of St. George did he give? Was it true? 14. Who is +the Paynim mentioned in xl? 15. Note Euphuistic antithesis in xlii. 16. +Explain the figures in iv, vi, x, xliv. 17. Paraphrase ll. 289, 296. 18. +Find _Latinisms_ in xxv; xxvi; xxviii; xxxi; and xxxvii. 19. Describe the +fight at the end of the Canto. + +CANTO VII + +I. _The Plot:_ (Continuation of Canto V). Duessa pursues the Redcross +Knight, and overtakes him sitting by an enchanted fountain, weary and +disarmed. He is beguiled into drinking from the fountain, and is quickly +deprived of strength. In this unnerved and unarmed condition he is suddenly +set upon by the giant Orgoglio. After a hopeless struggle he is struck down +by the giant's club and is thrust into a dungeon. Una is informed by the +dwarf of the Knight's misfortune and is prostrated with grief. Meeting +Prince Arthur, she is persuaded to tell her story and receives promise of +his assistance. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The Christian soldier, beguiled by Falsehood, doffs +the armor of God, and indulges in sinful pleasures, and loses his purity. +He then quickly falls into the power of Carnal Pride, or the brutal tyranny +of False Religion (Orgoglio). He can then be restored only by an appeal to +the Highest Honor or Magnificence (Prince Arthur) through the good offices +of Truth and Common Sense. + +2. In the reaction from the Reformation, Protestant England by dallying +with Romanism (Duessa, Mary Queen of Scots) falls under the tyrannic power +of the Pope (Orgoglio), with whom Catholic England was coquetting. At this +juncture National Honor and Consciousness comes to the relief of +Protestantism. There is personal compliment to either Lord Leicester or Sir +Philip Sidney. + +19. HE FEEDES UPON, he enjoys. A Latinism: cf. Vergil's _Aeneid_, iii. + +37. PHOEBE, a surname of Diana, or Artemis, the goddess of the moon. + +45. Spenser probably takes the suggestion from the fountain in the gardens +of Armida in Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, xiv, 74. Cf. also the fountain +of Salmacis in Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, xv, 819 _seq_. + +56. POURD OUT, a metaphor borrowed from Euripides (_Herac._, 75) and Vergil +(_Aeneid_, ix, 317). + +62. HIS LOOSER MAKE, his too dissolute companion. + +67. AN HIDEOUS GEANT, Orgoglio, symbolizing Inordinate Pride, and the Pope +of Rome, who then claimed universal power over both church and state (x). +For a list of many other giants of romance see Brewer's _Handbook_, pp. +376-379. + +104. THAT DIVELISH YRON ENGIN, cannon. The invention of artillery by +infernal ingenuity is an old conception of the poets. There is a suggestion +of it in Vergil's _Aeneid_, vi, 585 _seq._, which is elaborated in +Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, ix, 91, which Milton in turn imitated in +_Paradise Lost_, vi, 516 _seq_. So in the romance of _Sir Triamour_. + +112. TH' ONELY BREATH, the mere breath. + +119. DO HIM NOT TO DYE, slay him not; cf. "done to death." + +138. A MONSTROUS BEAST, on which the woman of Babylon sat; _Revelation_, +xiii and xvii, 7. + +139. This refers to the Romish policy of fostering ignorance among its +members. + +140. THAT RENOWMED SNAKE, the Lernaean Hydra, a monster with nine or more +heads, offspring of Typhon and Echidna. It was slain by Hercules. STREMONA +is a name of Spenser's own invention. + +147. The reference is to the cruelty and insensibility of the Romish +Church. + +150. Its tail reached to the stars. _Revelation_, xii, 4. + +155. AND HOLY HEASTS FORETAUGHT, and holy commands previously taught +(them). + +161. HIS FORLORNE WEED, his abandoned clothing. + +165. MONIMENTS, the sorrowful, mournful relics. + +182. SO HARDLY HE, etc. So he with difficulty coaxes the life which has +flown to return into her body. According to the Platonic teaching, the body +is the prison-house of the soul. Cf _Psalms_, cxlii, 7. + +202. BUT SEELED UP WITH DEATH, but closed in death. "Seel" was a term in +falconry, meaning "to sew up" (the eyes of the hawk). + +219. THE BITTER BALEFULL STOUND, the bitter, grievous moment during which +she listens to the story. + +220. IF LESSE THEN THAT I FEARE, etc., if it is less bitter than I fear it +is, I shall have found more favor (been more fortunate) than I expected. + +231. SORROWFULL ASSAY, the assault of sorrow (on her heart). + +236. WAS NEVER LADY, etc., there never was lady who loved day (life) +dearer. + +249. A GOODLY KNIGHT. Prince Arthur, son of King Uther Pendragon and Queen +Ygerne, the model English gentleman, in whom all the virtues are perfected +(Magnificence). According to Upton and most editors, Prince Arthur +represents Lord Leicester; according to another tradition, Sir Philip +Sidney. Could the author have possibly intended in him compliment to Sir +Walter Raleigh? See Spenser's _Letter to Raleigh_. Arthur is the beau ideal +of knighthood, and upon him the poet lavishes his richest descriptive +powers. His armor, his shield Pridwen, his lance Roan, and sword Exculibur, +were made by the great enchanter Merlin in the isle of Avallon. + +259. SHAPT LIKE A LADIES HEAD, an effigy of Queen Elizabeth, the Faerie +Queene. + +260. LIKE HESPERUS, the evening star. Cf. Phosphorus, the morning star. + +268. The dragon couchant was also the crest of Arthur's father, Uther, +surnamed on this account Pen-dragon. The description in this stanza is +imitated from Tasso's description of the helmet of the Sultan in _Jerusalem +Delivered_, ix, 25, which in turn follows Vergil's _Aeneid_, vii, 785 +_seq._ + +280. GREENE SELINIS, a town in Sicily. + +284. HIS WARLIKE SHIELD. Spenser here follows closely the description of +the shield of the magician Atlante in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, ii, 55. + +300. SILVER CYNTHIA, the moon. It was popularly supposed that magicians and +witches had power to cause eclipses of the moon. + +304. All falsehood and deception. Truth and Wisdom are symbolized (Upton). + +306. WHEN HIM LIST, when it pleased him. _Him_ is dative. + +314. IT MERLIN WAS. Ambrose Merlin, the prince of enchanters, son of the +nun Matilda, and an incubus, "half-angel and half-man." He made, in +addition to Prince Arthur's armor and weapons, the Round Table for one +hundred and fifty knights at Carduel, the magic fountain of love, and built +Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain. He died spellbound by the sorceress Vivien +in a hollow oak. See Tennyson's _Idylls of the King_. + +326. DID TRAMPLE AS THE AIRE, curveted as lightly as the air. + +335. AND FOR HER HUMOUR, etc., and to suit her (sad) mood framed fitting +conversation. + +355. The subject of _found_ is the substantive clause _who... impart_. + +xli. Observe the antithetical structure of this stanza, both in the +_Stichomuthia_, or balance of line against line, and in the lines +themselves. In this rapid word-play Arthur wins his point by appealing to +Una's faith. + +363. NO FAITH SO FAST, etc., no faith is so firm that human infirmity may +not injure it. + +376. Una, Truth, is the sole daughter of Eden. + +377. WHILEST EQUAL DESTINIES, etc., whilst their destinies (Fates) revolved +equally and undisturbed in their orbits. (Astronomical figure.) + +381. PHISON AND EUPHRATES, etc., three of the four rivers that watered +Eden, the Hiddekel being omitted. See _Genesis_, ii, 11-14. In this stanza +the poet strangely mixes Christian doctrine and the classical belief in the +envy of the gods working the downfall of men. + +385. TARTARY, Tartarus (for the rhyme), the lowest circle of torment in the +infernal regions. + +391. Has this obscure line any reference to prophecy? Cf. _Daniel_, vii, +25, _Revelation_, xii, 6, 14. + +394. THAT HEAVEN WALKS ABOUT, under the sky. + +404. THAT NOBLE ORDER, the Order of the Garter, of which the Maiden Queen +was head. The figure of St. George slaying the dragon appears on the oval +and pendant to the collar of this Order. + +405. OF GLORIANE, Queen Elizabeth. + +407. CLEOPOLIS IS RED, is called Cleopolis, i.e. the city of Glory, or +London. + +425. MY DOLEFULL DISADVENTUROUS DEARE, my sad misadventurous injury. + +429. THAT HE MY CAPTIVE LANGUOR, the languishing captivity of my parents. + +432. MY LOYALTY, i.e. the loyalty of me that rather death desire, etc. + +441. THAT BROUGHT NOT BACKE, etc., (and whence) the body full of evil was +not brought back dead. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto VII) + +1. Relate how the Knight fell into the hands of the Giant. 2. Note the fine +adaptation of sound to sense in vii. 3. Who were the parents and the +foster-father of Orgoglio? 4. What are the principal characteristics of the +giants of romance as seen in Orgoglio? cf. with the giants in _Pilgrim's +Progress_. 5. In the description of the giant do the last two lines (viii) +add to or detract from the impression? Why? 6. To whom does Spenser ascribe +the invention of artillery? 7. Explain the allegory involved in the +relations of Duessa and Orgoglio. 8. How does Una act on hearing the news +of the Knight's capture? 9. What part does the Dwarf play? 10. Is Una just +to herself in ll. 200-201? 11. Is she over sentimental or ineffective--and +is the pathos of her grief kept within the limits of the reader's pleasure? +12. Express in your own words the main thought in xxii. 13. Note the +skillful summary of events in xxvi, and observe that this stanza is the +_Central Crisis_ and _Pivotal Point_ of the whole Book. The fortunes of the +Knight reach their lowest ebb and begin to turn. The first half of the Book +has been the _complication_ of the plot, the second half will be the +_resolution_. 14. Give a description of Prince Arthur. 15. What mysterious +power was possessed by his shield? Cf. the Holy Grail. 16. Observe +carefully the scene between Una and Arthur, noting the changes in her mood. +What light is thrown on her character? What are her feelings toward the +Knight? 17. Explain the various threads of allegory in this Canto. + +CANTO VIII + +I. _The Plot:_ Prince Arthur and Una are conducted by the Dwarf to +Orgoglio's Castle. At the blast of the Squire's horn the Giant comes forth +attended by Duessa mounted on the seven-headed Beast. In the battle which +ensues Arthur wounds the Beast, slays the Giant and captures Duessa. Prince +Arthur finds the Redcross Knight half starved in a foul dungeon and +releases him. Duessa is stripped of her gaudy clothes and allowed to hide +herself in the wilderness. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. Magnificence, the sum of all the virtues, wins the +victory over Carnal Pride, and restores Holiness to its better half, Truth. +With the overthrow of Pride, Falsehood, which is the ally of that vice, is +stripped of its outward show and exposed in all its hideous deformity. + +2. The false Romish Church becomes drunk in the blood of the martyrs. There +is a hint of the persecutions in the Netherlands, in Piedmont, of the +massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day and the burnings under Bloody Mary. +Protestant England is delivered from Popish tyranny by the honor and +courage of the English people. Militant England (Prince Arthur) is assisted +by the clergy (Squire) with his horn (Bible) and is guided by Truth and +Common Sense (Dwarf). + +23. HORNE OF BUGLE SMALL, the English Bible. Spenser here imitates the +description of the magic horn of Logistilla in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, +xv, 15, 53. Such horns are frequently mentioned in romance, e.g., _Chanson +de Roland_, _Morte d' Arthur_, Hawes' _Pastime_, Tasso's _Jerusalem +Delivered_, _Huon of Bordeaux_, _Romance of Sir Otarel_, Cervantes' _Don +Quixote_, etc. + +50. LATE CRUELL FEAST, a probable reference to the massacre of St. +Bartholomew's Day in Paris in 1572, and to the persecutions of Alva's +Council of Blood in the Netherlands in 1567. + +ix. This stanza is an imitation of Homer's _Iliad_, xiv, 414. + +95. IN CYMBRIAN PLAINE, probably the Crimea, the ancient Tauric Chersonese. +Some connect it with the Cimbric Chersonese, or Jutland, which was famous +for its herds of bulls. + +96. KINDLY RAGE, natural passion. + +105. Note the Latinism "threatened his heads," and the imperfect rhyme +"brands." + +118. HER GOLDEN CUP, suggested by Circe's magic cup in Homer's _Odyssey_, +x, 316, and the golden cup of the Babylonish woman in _Revelation_, xvii, +4. + +148. THROUGH GREAT IMPATIENCE OF HIS GRIEVED HED, etc., through inability +to endure (the pain of) his wounded head, he would have cast down his +rider, etc. + +155. IN ONE ALONE LEFT HAND, in one hand alone remaining. His left arm had +been cut off (x). + +xix. The uncovered shield represents the open Bible. The incident is an +imitation of Ruggiero's display of his shield in _Orlando Furioso_, xxii, +85. + +246. YOUR FORTUNE MAISTER, etc., be master of your fortune by good +management. + +268. UNUSED RUST, rust which is due to disuse; a Latinism. + +296. WITH NATURES PEN, etc., i.e. by his gray hairs, at that age to which +proper seriousness belongs. "I cannot tell" did not become his venerable +looks. + +310. THAT GREATEST PRINCES, etc. This may mean (1) befitting the presence +of the greatest princes, or (2) that the greatest princes might deign to +behold in person. The first interpretation is preferable. + +312. A general reference to the bloody persecutions without regard to age +or sex carried on for centuries by the Romish Church, often under the name +of "crusades," "acts of faith," "holy inquisition," etc. + +315. This may refer to the burning of heretics, under the pretext that the +Church shed no blood. Kitchin thinks that it means "accursed ashes." + +317. AN ALTARE, cf. _Revelation_, vi, 9. CARV'D WITH CUNNING YMAGERY, "in +allusion to the stimulus given to the fine arts by the Church of Rome" +(Percival). + +366. BRAWNED BOWRS, brawny muscles. + +375. WHAT EVILL STARRE, etc. In Spenser's day, belief in astrology, the +pseudo-science of the influence of the stars on human lives, was still +common. + +381. There was an old familiar ballad entitled _Fortune my Foe_. + +384. i.e. your good fortune will be threefold as great as your evil +fortune. + +384. GOOD GROWES OF EVILS PRIEFE, good springs out of our endurance of the +tests and experience of evil. + +391. BEST MUSICKE BREEDS DELIGHT, etc. A troublesome passage. Upton and +Jortin emend _delight_ to _dislike_; Church inserts _no_ before _delight_ +and omits _best_; Kitchin suggests _despight_; Grosart prefers the text as +it stands with the meaning that although the best music pleases the +troubled mind, it is no pleasure to renew the memory of past sufferings. I +venture to offer still another solution, based on the context. When Una +shows a desire to hear from her Knight a recountal of his sufferings in the +dungeon, and he is silent, being loath to speak of them, Arthur reminds her +that a _change of subject is best_, for the best music is that which breeds +delight in the troubled ear. + +xlvi. In this passage Spenser follows closely the description of the witch +Alcina in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_, vii, 73. Rogero has been fascinated +by her false beauty, and her real foulness is exposed by means of a magic +ring. The stripping of Duessa symbolizes the proscription of vestments and +ritual, and the overthrow of images, etc., at the time of the Reformation. +Duessa is only banished to the wilderness, not put to death, and reappears +in another book of the poem. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto VIII) + +1. What moral reflections are found in i? 2. What were the duties of the +Squire in chivalry? 3. What part does Arthur's Squire play? 4. What does +the Squire's horn symbolize? 5. Observe the classical figure in ix. 6. +Describe the battle before the Giant's Castle, stating what part is taken +by each of the four engaged. 7. Point out several of the characteristics of +a typical battle of romance, and compare with combats in classical and +modern times. 8. What additional traits of Una's character are presented in +this Canto? Note especially her treatment of the Knight. 9. How is the +unchangeableness of truth illustrated in this story? 10. Who is the old man +in xxx _seq._? 11. Who is the _woful thrall_ in xxxvii? 12. In what +condition, mental and physical, is the Knight when liberated? 13. How long +was he a captive? 14. What was Duessa's punishment? Was it adequate? +Explain its moral and religious meaning. 15. Observe the use of _thou_ and +_ye_ (_you_) in this Canto. 16. Find examples of _antithesis_, +_alliteration_, _Latinisms_. + +CANTO IX + +I. _The Plot:_ Prince Arthur tells Una of his vision of the Faerie Queene +and of his quest for her. After exchanging presents with the Redcross +Knight, he bids farewell to Una and her companions. These pursue their +journey and soon meet a young knight, Sir Trevisan, fleeing from Despair. +Sir Trevisan tells of his narrow escape from this old man, and unwillingly +conducts the Redcross Knight back to his cave. The Knight enters and is +almost persuaded to take his own life. He is saved by the timely +interposition of Una. This is the most powerful canto of Book I. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The moral allegory in Canto VII presents the +transition of the Soul (Redcross) from Pride to Sin (Duessa) through +distrust of Truth (Una), and it thus comes into the bondage of Carnal Pride +(Orgoglio). In Canto IX the Soul suffers a similar change from Sin to +Despair. Having escaped from actual sin, but with spiritual life weakened, +it almost falls a victim to Despair through excess of confidence and zeal +to perform some good action. The Soul is saved by Truth, by which it is +reminded to depend on the grace of God. + +2. The allegory on its religious side seems to have some obscure reference +to the long and bitter controversies between Protestantism (Calvinism) and +Roman Catholicism allied with infidelity. + +1. O GOODLY GOLDEN CHAINE, chivalry or knightly honor, the bond that unites +all the virtues. + +18. THANKLESSE, because not knowing whom to thank. + +26. In Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, Arthur is taken from his mother, Ygerne, +at birth, and committed to the care of Sir Ector as his foster-father, i, +3. In _Merlin_ Sir Antor is his foster-father. + +33. RAURAN MOSSY HORE, Rauran white with moss. A "Rauran-vaur hill" in +Merionethshire is mentioned by Selden. Contrary to the older romancers, +Spenser makes Prince Arthur a Welshman, not a Cornishman. + +34. THE RIVER DEE, which rises in Merionethshire and flows through Lake +Bala. + +39. MY DISCIPLINE TO FRAME, etc., to plan my course of instruction, and, as +my tutor, to supervise my bringing up. + +45. IN HER JUST TERME, in due time. + +57. OR THAT FRESH BLEEDING WOUND, i.e. his love for Gloriana. + +59. WITH FORCED FURY, etc., supplying "me" from "my" in l. 58 the meaning +is: the wound ... brought ... me following its bidding with compulsive +(passionate) fury, etc. In the sixteenth century _his_ was still almost +always used as the possessive of _it_. _Its_ does not occur in the King +James Version of the Bible (1611). + +63. COULD EVER FIND (the heart) to grieve, etc. A Euphuistic conceit. + +64. According to the physiology of Spenser's age, love was supposed to dry +up the humors ("moysture") of the body. + +70. BUT TOLD, i.e. if it (my love) is told. + +100. ENSAMPLE MAKE OF HIM, witness him (the Redcross knight). + +113. WHILES EVERY SENCE, etc., while the sweet moisture bathed all my +senses. + +146. NEXT TO THAT LADIES LOVE, i.e. next to his love (loyalty) for +Gloriana. Does the poet mean that allegiance to queen and country comes +before private affection? + +149. WAS FIRMEST FIXT, etc., were strongest in my extremity (in the giant's +dungeon). + +169. A BOOKE, the New Testament, an appropriate gift from the champions of +the Reformed Church. + +182. AN ARMED KNIGHT, Sir Trevisan, who symbolizes Fear. + +189. PEGASUS, the winged horse of the Muses. For note on the false +possessive with _his_, see note on V, 44. + +233. HAD NOT GREATER GRACE, etc., had not greater grace (than was granted +my comrade) saved me from it, I should have been partaker (with him of his +doom) in that place. + +249. AFTER FAIRE AREEDES, afterwards graciously tells. + +267. WITH DYING FEARE, with fear of dying. + +269. WHOSE LIKE INFIRMITIE, etc., i.e. if you are a victim of love, you may +also fall into the hands of despair. + +270. BUT GOD YOU NEVER LET, but may God never let you, etc. + +272. TO SPOYLE THE CASTLE OF HIS HEALTH, to take his own life. Cf. Eliot's +_Castell of Helthe_, published in 1534. + +273. I WOTE, etc. I, whom recent trial hath taught, and who would not +(endure the) like for all the wealth of this world, know (how a man may be +so gained over to destroy himself). + +275. This simile is a very old one. See Homer's _Iliad_, i, 249; _Odyssey_, +xviii, 283; _Song of Solomon_, iv, 11; and Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, +ii, 51. + +286. FOR GOLD NOR GLEE. Cf. for love or money. + +294-296. Imitated from Vergil's _Aeneid_, vi, 462. + +315. AS, as if. + +320. A DREARIE CORSE, Sir Terwin, mentioned in xxvii. + +332. JUDGE AGAINST THEE RIGHT, give just judgment against thee. + +333. TO PRICE, to pay the price of. + +336. WHAT JUSTICE, etc., what justice ever gave any other judgment but +(this, that) he, who deserves, etc. + +340. IS THEN UNJUST, etc., is it then unjust to give each man his due? + +xxxix. Observe the subtle argument on suicide in this and st. xl. + +xli. Spenser here puts into the mouth of the Knight Socrates' argument to +Cebes in their dialogue on the immortality of the soul. Plato's _Phaedo_, +vi. + +367. QUOTH HE, Despair. + +403. THY DATE, the allotted measure or duration of thy life. + +408. THY SINFULL HIRE, thy service of sin. + +431. AS HE WERE CHARMED, etc., as if he were under the spell of magic +incantation. + +438. IN A TABLE, in a picture. The horrors of the Last Judgment and the +torments of the lost were favorite subjects of the mediaeval Catholic +painters. + +468. FIRE-MOUTHED DRAGON. The dragons of romance are all described as +fire-breathing, + +473. THAT CHOSEN ART, a reference to the doctrine of Election. _Mark_, +xiii, 20. + +476. ACCURST HAND-WRITING. A reference to Paul's letter to the +_Colossians_, ii, 14, in which he declares that the gospel of grace has +superseded the law of Moses. + +484. HE SO HIMSELFE HAD DREST, he had thus attempted (to take his life). + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto IX) + +1. Give an account of Prince Arthur's vision of the Faerie Queene. 2. +Interpret his search for her as an allegory of the young man's quest after +his ideal. 3. Observe in xvii an allusion to Spenser's patron, Lord +Leicester, who was a favored suitor for Elizabeth's hand. 4. What presents +did the Knights exchange at parting? 5. Characterize Sir Trevisan by his +appearance, speech, and actions. What does he symbolize? 6. Note the skill +with which Spenser arouses interest before telling of the interview with +Despair. 7. What was the fate of Sir Terwin? Its moral significance? 8. +Describe the Cave of Despair, and show what effects are aimed at by the +poet. 9. Compare with Despair Bunyan's Giant Despair and the Man in the +Iron Cage. 10. Trace the sophistries by which Despair works in the mind of +the Knight, e.g. the arguments from necessity (fatalism), humanity, +cowardice, discouragement and disgust on account of his past failures, +dread of the future, of God's justice, and the relief of death. 11. Does +Despair show knowledge of the Knight's past? 12. With what powerful truths +does Una meet the arguments of Despair? 13. Where do you find reference to +mediaeval art? + +14. Find examples of _Euphuism_, _metaphors_, _similes_, _Latinisms_, and +_alliteration_. 15. Explain the verb forms in ll. 154, 321, 336. + +CANTO X + +I. _The Plot:_ The Redcross Knight is conducted by Una to the House of +Holiness, where they are welcomed by Dame Coelia and graciously +entertained. The Knight is instructed by Fidelia, Speranza, and Charissa, +the three daughters of Coelia, in his relations to God and his fellow-men. +He is healed in body, and undergoes discipline for his sins. Mercy conducts +him through the Hospital of Good Works, where he sees her seven Beadsmen. +He then with Una climbs the Hill of Contemplation and hears from a holy man +the story of his past with a prophecy of his future, and obtains a view of +the City of Heaven. + +This must be pronounced the most beautiful canto of the first book. + +II. _The Allegory:_ 1. The Soul is brought by the Truth to a knowledge of +the Heavenly Life (Coelia), and is led, through repentance, to seek +forgiveness and to desire a holier life. Having learned Faith and Hope, it +acquires a zeal for Good Works (Charity), and is strengthened by exercising +Patience and Repentance. At last it enjoys a mood of happy Contemplation of +the past with bright prospects for the future. The whole canto sets forth +the beauty in a life of faith combined with good deeds. + +2. The religious allegory presents the doctrine, discipline, and spirit of +Protestantism in the sixteenth century. A close parallel may be drawn +between this canto and many things in Bunyan's _Pilgrim's Progress_. For +his House of Holiness and its management, Spenser has no doubt taken many +suggestions from the great manor house of some Elizabethan gentleman. + +19. AN AUNTIENT HOUSE, the House of Holiness. + +28. DAME COELIA, i.e. the Heavenly Lady. + +33. FIDELIA AND SPERANZA, Faith and Hope. + +35. FAIRE CHARISSA, Charity, or Love. _Cf. I Corinthians_, xiii, 13. + +44. HIGHT HUMILTA, named Humility. + +59. AND KNEW HIS GOOD, etc., and knew how to conduct himself to all of +every rank. + +77. EVER-DYING DREAD, constant dread of death. + +78. LONG A DAY, many a long day. + +79. THY WEARY SOLES TO LEAD, to guide thy weary feet (to rescue them). + +xiii. The description of Fidelia is full of biblical allusions, _viz._; her +white robe (_Revelation_, vii, 9); the sacramental cup filled with wine and +water according to the custom of the early Christians (_John_, xix, 34); +the serpent symbolical of healing power (_Numbers_, xxi, and _Mark_, xiv, +24); the book sealed with the blood of the Lamb (_Revelation_, v, 1, and +_II Corinthians_, v, 7). + +144. ENCREASE is in the optative subj. with _God_ as subject. + +172. AND WHEN SHE LIST, etc., and when it pleased her to manifest her +higher spiritual power. These miracles of Faith are based on the following +passages: _Joshua_, x, 12; _II Kings_, xx, 10; _Judges_, vii, 7; _Exodus_, +xiv, 21; _Joshua_, iii, 17; _Matthew_, xxi, 21. + +176. This line is given in the folio edition of 1609, but is wanting in the +edition of 1590 and 1596. + +209. HARDLY HIM INTREAT, scarcely prevail on him. + +213. The absolutions granted by the clergy. + +215. THE PASSION OF HIS PLIGHT, his suffering condition. + +xxx. Percival points out the resemblance between Spenser's Charity and +Andrea del Sarto's famous painting _La Charite_ in the Louvre. + +277. WHOSE PASSING PRICE, etc., whose surpassing value it was difficult to +calculate. + +292. WELL TO DONNE, well doing, right doing. + +318. SEVEN BEAD-MEN, seven men of prayer, corresponding to the Seven Deadly +Sins of the House of Pride. They represent good works: (1) entertainment of +strangers; (2) food to the needy; (3) clothing to the naked; (4) relief to +prisoners; (5) comfort to the sick; (6) burial of the dead, and (7) care of +widows and orphans. + +354. PRICE OF BRAS, ransom in money. _Bras_ is a Latinism from _aes_. + +355. FROM TURKES AND SARAZINS. In the sixteenth century thousands of +Christians were held captive in Turkish and Saracen prisons, and many of +these were ransomed by the charitable of Europe. Prescott tells us that +Charles V found 10,000 Christians in Tunis at its capture in 1535. + +359. HE THAT HARROWD HELL. The Harrowing of Hell was the mediaeval belief +in the descent of Christ to hell to redeem the souls of Old Testament +saints, and to despoil the powers of darkness. It is the subject of an old +miracle play. + +374. The reference is to the resurrection from the dead. + +378. I DEAD BE NOT DEFOULD, that I (when) dead be not defiled. This prayer +was answered, for the poet received honorable burial in Westminster Abbey. + +381. AND WIDOWES AYD, i.e. had charge (to) aid widows, etc. + +382. IN FACE OF JUDGEMENT, before the judgment-seat. + +422-423. HIS ... HER, Redcross Knight...mercy. + +430. FOR NOUGHT HE CAR'D, for he cared nought that his body had been long +unfed. + +470. THAT SAME MIGHTY MAN OF GOD, Moses. See _Exodus_, xiv, 16, xxiv, and +xxxiv. + +471. THAT BLOOD-RED BILLOWES, of the Red Sea. + +478. THAT SACRED HILL, the mount of Olives. + +483. THAT PLEASAUNT MOUNT, mount Parnassus, the seat of the nine Muses (l. +485), the patronesses of the arts and of learning. Sacred and profane +literature are beautifully blended in the thoughts of the contemplative +man. + +489. A GOODLY CITIE, the Celestial City, Heaven. The description is +suggested by that in _Revelation_, xxi, 10 _seq._ + +515. THAT GREAT CLEOPOLIS, London, "the city of glory." + +519. PANTHEA, probably Westminster Abbey, in which Elizabeth's ancestors +were buried. + +524. FOR EARTHLY FRAME, for an earthly structure. + +549. SAINT GEORGE OF MERY ENGLAND. St. George became the patron Saint of +England in 1344, when Edward III consecrated to him the Order of the +Garter. Church and Percival say that _merry_ means _pleasant_ and referred +originally to the country, not the people. Cf. Mereweather. + +lxii. Observe that lines 1, 2, 5, 6 are spoken by the Knight, the rest by +Contemplation. + +565. BEQUEATHED CARE, the charge intrusted to thee (by Una). + +579. AND MANY BLOODY BATTAILES, etc., and fought many bloody pitched +battles. + +585. CHAUNGELINGS. The belief in the power of fairies to substitute their +elf-children for human babies is frequently referred to in writers of +Spenser's time. In the _Seven Champions_ the witch Kalyb steals away St. +George, the son of Lord Albert of Coventry, soon after his birth. + +591. GEORGOS, from the Greek [Greek: georgos], an earth tiller, farmer. +Spenser borrows the story in this stanza from that of Tages, son of Earth, +who was similarly found and brought up. Ovid's _Metamorphoses_, xv, 553. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto X) + +1. Observe that stanza i contains the moral of Canto IX. 2. What was Una's +purpose in bringing the Knight to the House of Holiness? 3. Why should +Faith and Hope be represented as betrothed virgins, and Charity a matron? +4. Who were Zeal, Reverence, Obedience, Patience, and Mercy, with the +symbolism of each? 5. Who was the door-keeper? Explain the allegory. 6. +Find and explain the biblical allusions in this Canto, which shows the +influence of the Bible to a remarkable extent. 7. In what was the Knight +instructed by Faith (xix _seq_.)? 8. Compare the mood of the Knight in xxi +with that in Canto IX, li. 9. How did the two situations affect Una? 10. +Note the teachings in xxiii (prayer), xxiv (absolution), and xxv +(mortification of the flesh). 11. Observe that Faith teaches the Knight his +relations to God; Charity, those to his fellow-men. 12. Explain the lyric +note in l. 378. 13. Give an account of the knight's visit to the Hill of +Contemplation. Explain the allegory. 14. Find a stanza complimentary to +Queen Elizabeth. 16. What prophecy was made of the Knight? + +CANTO XI + +I. _The Plot_: The Redcross Knight reaches the Brazen Tower in which Una's +parents, the King and Queen of Eden, are besieged by the Dragon. The +monster is described. The first day's fight is described, in which the +Knight is borne through the air in the Dragon's claws, wounds him under the +wing with his lance, but is scorched by the flames from the monster's +mouth. The Knight is healed by a bath in the Well of Life. On the second +day the Knight gives the Dragon several sword-wounds, but is stung by the +monster's tail and forced to retreat by the flames. That night he is +refreshed and healed by the balm from the Tree of Life. On the third day he +slays the Dragon by a thrust into his vitals. + +II. _The Allegory_: 1. Mankind has been deprived of Eden by Sin or Satan +(Dragon). The Christian overcomes the devil by means of the whole armor of +God (shield of faith, helmet of salvation, sword of the Spirit, etc.). The +soul is strengthened by the ordinances of religion: baptism, regeneration, +etc. + +2. There is a hint of the long and desperate struggle between Reformed +England (St. George) and the Church of Rome, in which the power of the Pope +and the King of Spain was broken in England, the Netherlands, and other +parts of Europe. Some may see a remoter allusion to the delivery of Ireland +from the same tyranny. + +13. BE AT YOUR KEEPING WELL, be well on your guard. + +iii. This stanza is not found in the edition of 1590. + +30. AND SEEMD UNEATH, etc., and seemed to shake the steadfast ground (so +that it became) unstable. Church and Nares take _uneath_ to mean "beneath" +or "underneath"; Kitchin conjectures "almost." + +31. THAT DREADFUL DRAGON, symbolical of Satan. Spenser here imitates the +combat between St. George and the Dragon in the _Seven Champions of +Christendom_, i. + +32. This description of the dragon watching the tower from the sunny +hillside is justly admired for its picturesqueness, power, and +suggestiveness. The language is extremely simple, but the effect is +awe-inspiring. It has been compared with Turner's great painting of the +Dragon of the Hesperides. + +42. O THOU SACRED MUSE, Clio, the Muse of History, whom Spenser calls the +daughter of Phoebus (Apollo) and Mnemosyne (Memory). + +56. TILL I OF WARRES, etc. Spenser is here supposed to refer to his plan to +continue the _Faerie Queene_ and treat of the wars of the English with +Philip II ("Paynim King") and the Spanish ("Sarazin"). + +61. LET DOWNE THAT HAUGHTIE STRING, etc., cease that high-pitched strain +and sing a second (or tenor) to my (lower) tune. + +120. AS TWO BROAD BEACONS. Kitchin thinks this passage is a reminiscence of +the beacon-fires of July 29, 1588, which signaled the arrival of the Armada +off the Cornish coast. + +158. HER FLITTING PARTS, her shifting parts; referring to the instability +of the air. + +161. LOW STOUPING, swooping low (to the ground); a term in falconry. + +167. HAGARD HAUKE, a wild, untamed falcon. + +168. ABOVE HIS HABLE MIGHT, beyond the strength of which he is capable. + +172. HE SO DISSEIZED, etc., i.e. the dragon being thus dispossessed of his +rough grip. The construction is nominative absolute. + +185. AND GREEDY GULFE DOES GAPE, etc., i.e. the greedy waters gape as if +they would devour the land. + +187. THE BLUSTRING BRETHREN, the winds. + +228. HIS WIDE DEVOURING OVEN, the furnace of his maw, or belly. + +235. THAT GREAT CHAMPION, Hercules. The charmed garment steeped in the +blood of the Centaur Nessus, whom Hercules had slain, was given him by his +wife Dejanira in order to win back his love. Instead of acting as a +philter, the poison-robe burned the flesh from his body. Ovid's +_Metamorphoses_, ix, 105. + +xxviii. Observe the correspondence between the adjectives in l. 244 and the +nouns in l. 245. The sense is: "He was so faint," etc. + +261. THE WELL OF LIFE. This incident is borrowed from _Bevis of Hampton_. +The allegory is based on _John_, iv, 14, and _Revelation_, xxii, 1. + +267. SILO, the healing Pool of Siloam, _John_, ix, 7. Jordan, by bathing in +which Naaman was healed of leprosy, _II Kings_, v, 10. + +268. BATH, in Somersetshire, a town famous from the earliest times for its +medicinal baths. SPAU, a town in Belgium noted for its healthful waters, +now a generic name for German watering-places. + +269. CEPHISE, the river Cephissus in Boeotia whose waters possessed the +power of bleaching the fleece of sheep. Cf. _Isaiah_, i, 18. HEBRUS, a +river in Thrace, here mentioned because it awaked to music the head and +lyre of the dead Orpheus, as he floated down its stream. Ovid's +_Metamorphoses_, xi, 50. + +295. TO MOVE, moving. This is a French idiom. + +300. AS EAGLE FRESH OUT OF THE OCEAN WAVE, etc. There was an ancient +belief, that once in ten years the eagle would soar into the empyrean, and +plunging thence into the sea, would molt his plumage and renew his youth +with a fresh supply of feathers. + +312. HIS BRIGHT DEAW-BURNING BLADE, his bright blade flashing with the +"holy water dew" in which it had been hardened (l. 317). + +322. NE MOLTEN METTALL IN HIS BLOOD EMBREW, i.e. nor sword bathe itself in +his (the dragon's) blood. + +335. WITH SHARPE INTENDED STING, with sharp, outstretched sting. + +366. THE GRIPED GAGE, the pledge (shield) seized (by the dragon). + +386. MISSED NOT HIS MINISHT MIGHT, felt not the loss of its diminished +strength; i.e. though cut off, the paw still held to the shield. + +xliv. In comparing the fire-spewing dragon to a volcano, Spenser follows +Vergil's _Aeneid_, iii, 571, and Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, iv, 8. + +406. A GOODLY TREE. Cf. _Genesis_, ii, 9, and _Revelation_, xxii, 2. + +409. OVER ALL WERE RED, everywhere were spoken of. + +414. Cf. _Genesis_, iii, 2. Adam and Eve were expelled from the garden lest +they should eat and live forever. + +434. DEADLY MADE, a creature of death, i.e. hell-born. + +469. An imitation of an incident in the _Seven Champions_ in which a winged +serpent attempts to swallow St. George; i, 1. + +477. AND BACK RETYRD, and as it was withdrawn. A Gallicism. + +490. WHICH SHE MISDEEM'D, in which she was mistaken. Una feared that the +dragon was not dead. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto XI) + +1. Describe the three days' fight between the Knight and the Dragon. 2. +What advantages does each gain? 3. Study the Dragon as a type of the +conventional monster of romance, contrasting his brutal nature with the +intellectuality and strategy of the Knight. 4. Study the battle as an +allegory of the victory of mind over matter, of virtue over vice, of +Protestantism over Romanism. 5. By what devices does Spenser obtain the +effects of _terror_? Mystery and terror are prime elements in romance. 6. +Find examples of another romantic characteristic, _exaggeration_. 7. Do you +think that in his use of hyperbole and impossibilities Spenser shows that +he was deficient in a sense of humor? 8. Observe the lyric note in iii and +liv. 9. How does the poet impress the reader with the size of the Dragon? +10. Which Muse does he invoke? 11. Spenser's poetry is richly _sensuous_: +find passages in which he appeals to the sense of _sight_ (iv, viii, xiv), +of _sound_ (iv, ix), of _touch_ (x, xi, vii), of _smell_ (xiii), of _taste_ +(xiii), of _pain_ (xxxvii, xxvi, xxii), of _motion_ (x, xv, xviii). 12. +Where do you find an allegory of baptism? Of regeneration? Of the +resurrection of Christ (the three days)? 13. Analyze the descriptions of +the coming of darkness and of dawn. + +CANTO XII + +I. _The Plot_: The death of the dragon is announced by the watchman on the +tower of the city, and Una's parents, the King and Queen, accompanied by a +great throng, come forth rejoicing at their deliverance. The Knight and Una +are conducted with great honors into the palace. On the eve of their +betrothal, Archimago suddenly appears as Duessa's messenger and claims the +Knight. Their wicked attempt is frustrated, and the pair are happily +betrothed. After a long time spent in Una's society, the Knight sets out to +engage in the further service of the Faerie Queene. + +II. _The Allegory_: Holiness, by conquering the devil, frees the whole +human race from the tyranny of sin. It is embarrassed by the unexpected +appearance of the consequences of its past sins, but makes a manly +confession. In spite of hypocritical intrigues (Archimago) and false +slanders (Duessa), Holiness is united to Truth, thus forming a perfect +character. The champion of the church militant responds cheerfully to the +calls of duty and honor. + +2. Reformed England, having destroyed the brutal power of Rome, is firmly +united to the truth in spite of the intrigues of the Pope to win it back to +allegiance. It then goes forth against the King of Spain in obedience to +the command of Queen Elizabeth. + +3. VERE THE MAINE SHETE, shift the mainsail, BEARE UP WITH THE LAND, direct +the ship toward land. + +25. OUT OF HOND, at once. + +43. OF TALL YOUNG MEN. An allusion to Queen Elizabeth's Pensioners, a band +of the tallest and handsomest young men, of the best families and fortunes, +that could be found (Warton). ALL HABLE ARMES TO SOWND, all proper to wield +armes. + +57. TO THE MAYDENS, to the accompaniment of the maidens' timbrels. + +71. IN HER SELF-RESEMBLANCE WELL BESEENE, looking well in her resemblance +to her proper self, i.e. a king's daughter. + +73. THE RASKALL MANY, the crowd of common people. + +116. OF GREAT NAME, of great celebrity, i.e. value. + +117. FITTING PURPOSE FRAME, held fitting conversation. + +xiv. Kitchin and Percival think this whole passage a clever compliment to +the parsimony of the Queen's court. + +161. THAT PROUD PAYNIM KING, probably a reference to Philip of Spain. + +168. NOR DOEN UNDO, nor undo what has been done. + +173. IN SORT AS, even as. + +205. ALL WERE SHE, although she had been. IN PLACE, in various places. + +313. BAIT. In Spenser's time bear-baiting was a favorite pastime of the +people and received royal patronage. + +328. THE HOUSLING FIRE, the sacramental fire. Spenser seems here to have in +mind, not the Christian _housel_ or Eucharist, but the Roman marriage rites +with their symbolic fire and water. + +347. TRINALL TRIPLICITIES, the threefold three orders of the celestial +hierarchy according to the scholastic theologians. They were as follows: +(1) Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones; (2) Dominations, Virtues, Powers; (3) +Princedoms, Archangels, and Angels. Cf. Dante's _Paradiso_, xxviii, Tasso's +_Jerusalem Delivered_, xviii, 96, and Milton's _Paradise Lost_, v, 748. + +375. HER TACKLES SPENT, her worn-out rigging. + +QUESTIONS AND TOPICS + +(Canto XII) + +1. Contrast the tone of this canto with the preceding two. 2. When does +Spenser drop into a lighter, humorous vein? 3. Find allusions to sixteenth +century customs, e.g. that of sitting on rush-strewn floors. 4. How was the +Redcross Knight received by the King? 5. Compare Una's costume with that +described in the first canto. Why this change? 6. What hint of the +significance of her name in xxi? 7. What is the effect of Archimago's +appearance? (For dramatic surprise.) 8. What is the effect of Duessa's +letter? (Suspense of fear.) 9. Observe the confusion of Christian and Pagan +rites in this canto. 10. Where does Spenser make happy use of maritime +figures? 11. Explain the allegory of this canto. + + * * * * * + +GLOSSARY + +[The numbers refer to cantos and stanzas.] + + A + +Abide, v, 17, to attend on. +About, i, 11, out of. +Acquite, viii, 1, release, set free. +Addrest, ii, 11, armed, equipped; x, 11, directed. +Advise, i, 33, consider. +Advizement, iv, 12, counsel, advice. +Afflicted, Int. 4, humble. +Affray, iii, 12, terror, alarm; v, 30, to startle. +Affronted, viii, 13, opposed. +Afore, x, 49, ahead, in front of. +Agraste, x, 18, favor, show grace. +Albe, v, 45, although. +All, x, 47; xii, 23, although. +Almner, x, 38, almoner, distributer of alms. +Als, ix, 18, also, quite so. +Amate, ix, 45, dismay, dishearten. +Amis, iv, 18, linen head-dress. +Amoves, iv, 45; viii, 21; ix, 18, moves. +Andvile, xi, 42, anvil. +Apply, x, 46, attend to, add. +Aread, viii, 31, 33; ix, 6, 23; x, 51, 64, tell, explain; xii, 28, advise; + ared, x, 17; explained; areeds, Int. 1, urges. +Arise, vi, 32, depart, rise out of. +Armorie, i, 27, armor. +Arras, iv, 6; viii, 35, tapestry. +Aslake, iii, 36, appease, abate the fury of. +Assay, ii, 13, approved quality, value; vii, 27, trial; viii, 8, assault; + ii, 24; iv, 8; viii, 2; xi, 32, try, assail, attempt. +Assoiled, x, 52, absolved. +Astond, ii, 31; vi, 9; ix, 35, astounded, amazed. +Attach, xii, 35, seize, arrest. +Attaine, ii, 8, reach, fall in with. +Attaint, vii, 34, obscure, discolor. +Avale, i, 21, fall, sink. +Avise, v, 40; viii, 15, perceive. + + B + +Baite, i, 32, feed, refresh. +Bale, i, 16; viii, 4, disaster, destruction; ix, 16, 29, trouble, grief. +Banes, xii, 36, banns of marriage. +Battailous, v, 2, warlike, ready for battle. +Battrie, ix, 11, assault. +Bauldrick, vii, 29, a leather girdle for the sword or bugle, worn pendant + across the shoulder and breast. +Bayes, vii, 3, bathes. +Beades, i, 30, prayers. +Beadmen, x, 36, men devoted to prayer for the soul of the founder of the + charitable institution in which they lived. +Become, x, 16, gone to; became, x, 66, suited. +Bed, ix, 41, bid. +Bedight, xii, 21, adorned. +Beguyld, xi, 25, foiled. +Beheast, iv, 18, command. +Behight, x, 64, name, declare; x, 50, intrusted, delivered; xi, 38, + behot, promised. +Beseemed, viii, 32, suited, was becoming. +Beseene, xii, 5, (good) looking, or (well) dressed. +Bestedd, i, 24, situated, badly off. +Bet, iii, 19, beat; bett, vi, 5. +Betake, xii, 25, intrust to, hand over to. +Bethrall, viii, 28, imprison, take captive. +Bever, vii, 31, the lower and movable part of the helmet. +Bewaile, vi, 1, cause, bring about. Use either forced, or an error (Nares). +Bidding, i, 30, praying. +Bilive, or blive, v, 32, quickly. +Blame, ii, 18, hurt, injury, or blameworthiness. +Blaze, xi, 7, proclaim. +Blent, vi, 42, stained. +Blesse, v, 6; viii, 22, brandish; vii, 12; ix, 28, protect, deliver; + pp. blest. +Blubbred, vi, 9, disfigured or swollen with weeping. +Blunt, x, 47, dim (of eyesight). +Bond, i, 3, bound. +Booteth, iii, 20, 40, profits, avails. +Bootlesse, v, 33, without avail. +Bost, iii, 24, vain glory. +Boughtes, i, 15; xi, 11, folds, coils. +Bound, x, 67, lead. +Bouzingcan, iv, 22, drinking vessel. +Bowrs, viii, 41, muscles. +Bras, x, 40, money, cf. Lat. _aes_. +Brast, v, 31; viii, 4; ix, 21, burst. +Brave, x, 42, fair, beautiful. +Brawned, viii, 41; brawny, muscular. +Breares, x, 35, briars. +Brent, ix, 10; xi, 28, burnt. +Brode, iv, 16, abroad. +Brond, iv, 33; viii, 21, firebrand. +Buffe, ii, 17; xi, 24, blow. +Bugle, viii, 3, wild ox. +Buxome, xi, 37, pliant, yielding. +Bylive, ix, 4, quickly. + + C + +Call, viii, 46, cap, headdress. +Can, iv, 46, an auxiliary verb with preterite meaning; + ix, 5, can=gan, began (Halliwell). +Canon, vii, 37, a smooth, round bit (for horses). +Carefull, v, 52, etc., full of care, anxious, sorrowful. +Careless, i, 41; ii, 45, free from care. +Carke, i, 44, care, sorrow, anxiety. +Carle, ix, 54, churl. +Cast, x, 2; xi, 28, resolve, plan. +Caytive, v, 45, captive; v, 11; viii, 32; ix, 11, base, mean. +Chaufe, vii, 21, chafe, warm by rubbing; iii, 33, 43, vex, heat. +Chaw, iv, 30, jaw. +Chear, ii, 27, 42, face. +Chearen, x, 2, regain cheerfulness, refresh (himself). +Cleare, x, 28, clean. +Cleene, ix, 4, clear, pure, bright. +Compare, iv, 28, collect. +Compel, i, 5, call to aid. +Conceit, conception or design. +Constraint, ii, 8, anguish; vii, 34, binding charms. +Corage, ii, 35, heart. +Corse, iii, 42; iv, 22, etc., body. +Couch, ii, 15, lay (a lance in rest), level, adjust; + couched xi, 9, laid in place (of armor plates). +Couched, vii, 31, lying down with head up, ready to spring. +Counterfesaunce, viii, 49, fraud, imposture. +Court, vii, 38, courteous attention. +Crime, x, 28, sin; xi, 46, cause. +Cruddy, v, 29, clotted. +Crudled, vii, 6; ix, 52, curdled, congealed (with cold). +Cure, v, 44, charge. + + D + +Daint, x, 2, dainty, delicate. +Dalliaunce, ii, 14, trifling, light talk. +Dame, xii, 20, wife. +Damnify, xi, 52, injure. +Darrayne, iv, 40; vii, 11, prepare (for battle). +Deare, vii, 48, hurt, injury. +Deaw-burning, xi, 35, bright with dew. +Debonaire, ii, 23, gracious, courteous. +Defeasaunce, xii, 12, defeat. +Defray, v, 42, appease. +Deitye, iii, 21, immortality. +Derth, ii, 27, dearness, high value. +Deryn'd, iii, 2, diverted, drawn away. +Despight, ii, 6, resentment; iv, 35, 41, etc., malice, spite, contempt; + vii, 49; xi, 17, injury. +Despoile, x, 17, strip. +Devise, xii, 17, plan. +Diamond, ix, 19, adamant, steel. +Dight, vii, 8; iv, 14, etc., arrange, dress, adorn. +Disaventrous, vii, 48, ix, 11, unfortunate. +Discipline, vi, 31, teaching. +Discolourd, vii, 32, variegated. +Discourse, xii, 14, description; xii, 15, to narrate. +Disease, xi, 38, render uneasy. +Dishonesty, ii, 23, unchastity. +Dispence, iii, 30, pay for. +Dispiteous, ii, 15, cruel. +Disple, x, 27, discipline. +Disseized, xi, 20, dispossessed. +Dissolute, vii, 51, weak, unstrung. +Distayned, xi, 23, defiled. +Dites, viii, 18, raises (a club). +Diverse, i, 44, distracting. +Divide, v, 17, play (variations). +Documents, x, 19, doctrines. +Donne, x, 33, to do. +Doom, ix, 38, judgment. +Doted, viii, 34, foolish. +Doubt, vi, 1, fear. +Doughty, xi, 52; xii, 6, strong, brave. +Dragonets, xii, 10, little dragons. +Dreed, or dred, Int. 4; vi, 2, object of reverence. +Drere, viii, 40, sorrow. +Drery, v, 30, gloomy; vi, 45, dripping with blood. +Dreriment, ii, 44; xi, 32, sorrow, gloom. +Drest, ix, 54, prepared, arranged. +Drift, viii, 22, impetus. +Droome, ix, 41, drum. +Drousy-hed, ii, 7, drowsiness. +Dry-dropsie, iv, 23 (meaning doubtful). + (1) Dropsy causing thirst (Warton). + (2) A misprint for _dire dropsie_ (Upton). + (3) A misprint for _hydropsie_ (Collier). +Dye, ii, 36, chance, fortune (lit. a small cube used for gaming). + + E + +Earne, i, 3; vi, 25; ix, 18, yearn, long for. +Edifyde, i, 34, built. +Eeke, v, 42, increase. +Eft, ix, 25, again. +Eftsoones, x, 24, etc., forthwith. +Eke, iii, 21, also. +Eld, x, 8, old age. +Embalme, v, 17, anoint, pour balm into. +Embaye, ix, 13; x, 27, bathe. +Embost, iii, 24, encased; ix, 29, fatigued. +Embosse, xi, 20, plunge. +Embowed, ix, 19, rounded. +Emboyled, xi, 28, agitated, troubled. +Embrew, xi, 36, imbrue, drench. +Empassioned, iii, 2, moved to pity. +Empeach, viii, 34, hinder. +Emperse, xi, 53, pierce. +Emprize, ix, 1, undertaking, adventure. +Enchace, xii, 23, set off in fitting terms. +Endew, iv, 51, endow. +Enfouldred, xi, 40, shot forth (like a thunderbolt). +Engrave, x, 42, bury, entomb. +Enhaunst, i, 17; v, 47, raised. +Enlargen, viii, 37, deliver. +Ensample, ix, 12, witness. +Ensue, iv, 34, pursue; ix, 44, persecute. +Entirely, xi, 32, with all the heart. +Entraile, i, 16, fold, twist. +Envie, ill will, hatred. +Equall, vi, 26, side by side. +Errant, iv, 38; x, 10, wandering (in quest of adventure). +Esloyne, iv, 20, retire. +Essoyne, iv, 20, excuse, exemption. +Eugh, i, 9, yew. +Ewghen, xi, 19, made of yew. +Excheat, v, 25, gain; lit. property forfeited to the lord of a fief. +Extirpe, x, 25, uproot. +Eyas, xi, 34, young untrained hawk, unfledged falcon. +Eyne, eien, eyen, ii, 27, etc., eyes. + + F + +Fact, iv, 34; ix, 37, feat, evil deed. +Fall, ix, 2, befall. +Fare, i, 11, etc., go, travel. +Fatal, ix, 7, ordained by fate. +Fattie, i, 21, fertilizing. +Fayne, iv, 10, gladly; vi, 12, glad. +Faytor, iv, 47; xii, 35, deceiver, villain, sham. +Fearefull, i, 13, alarmed. +Feature, viii, 49, form. +Fee, x, 43, payment. +Felly, v, 34, fiercely. +Fere, x, 4, husband; lit. companion. +Fillet, iii, 4, snood. +Fit, ii, 18, death agony; iv, 34, struggle, passion; xi, 7, musical strain. +Flaggy, xi, 10, yielding, hanging loose. +Flit, iv, 5, crumble away. +Foile, iv, 4, leaf of metal. +Foltring, vii, 24, stammering. +Fond, ix, 39, foolish. +Fone, ii, 23, foes. +Food, viii, 9, feud. +Foolhappie, vi, 1, happy as a fool, "fortunate rather than provident" + (Nares). +Fordonne, v, 41; etc., undone, ruined, wounded to death. +Foreby, vi, 39, near. +Forespent, ix, 43, wasted, squandered. +Foretaught, vii, 18, either + (1) untaught, mistaught, or + (2) taught before, hence, perhaps, despised (Warren). +Forlore, viii, 29; x, 21, forlorn, forsaken. +Forray, xii, 3, ravage, prey upon. +Forsake, xi, 24, avoid. +Forwandring, vi, 34, weary with wandering, or utterly astray. +Forwarned, ii, 18, warded off. +Forwasted, i, 5; xi, 1, ravaged, utterly wasted. +Forwearied, i, 32, etc., tterly weary. +Forworne, vi, 35, much worn. +Fraight, xii, 35, fraught, freighted. +Frame, viii, 30, support, steady. +Francklin, x, 6, freeman, freeholder. +Fray, i, 38, to frighten; ii, 14, an affray. +Freak, iii, 1; iv, 50, whim, caprice. +Frounce, iv, 14, curl, plait, friz (the hair). +Fruitfull-headed, viii, 20, many-headed. +Fry, xii, 7, crowd, swarm. +Funerall, ii, 20, death. +Fyne, iv, 21, thin; v, 28, fine. + + G + +Gage, xi, 41, pledge, the thing contended for. +Game, xii, 8, sport. +Gan, ii, 2, began, often used as auxiliary verb, "did." +Gate, i, 13, way; viii, 12, manner. +Geaunt, vii, 12, giant. +Gent, ix, 6, 27, gentle, gracious, fair. +German, v, 10, 13, brother. +Gest, x, 15, adventure, exploit. +Ghost, ii, 19, spirit. +Gin, v, 35, engine, instrument (of torture). +Gins, see gan. +Girlond, ii, 30, garland. +Giust, i, 1, tilt, joust. +Glitterand, iv, 16; vii, 29, glittering. +Gnarre, v, 34, gnarl, snarl, growl. +Gobbet, i, 20; xi, 13, lump, piece. +Gorge, i, 19, etc., throat. +Gossip, xii, 11, neighbor, crony. +Government, ix, 10, self-control. +Graile, vii, 6, gravel. +Graine, vii, 1, dye, fast color. +Gree, v, 16, favor, good will, satisfaction. +Greedy, viii, 29, eager. +Gren, vi, 11, grin. +Griesie, ix, 35, horrible. +Griesly, ix, 21, grisly, hideous. +Griple, iv, 31, greedy, grasping. +Groome, servant. +Grosse, xi, 20, fast, heavy. +Grudging, ii, 19, groaning. +Gryfon, v, 8, griffin (a fabulous animal half lion, half eagle). +Guerdon, iii, 40, reward. +Guise, vi, 25; xii, 14, guize, mode (of life). + + H + +Hable, xi, 19, able, skillful. +Hagard, xi, 19, wild, untrained. +Hanging, ii, 16, doubtful. +Hardiment, ix, 2; i, 14, boldness. +Harrow, x, 40, despoil. +Haught, vi, 29, haughty. +Heare, v, 23, pass for being so unlucky, in such evil case (Kitchin). +Heast, vii, 18, command. +Heben, Int. 3; vii, 37, of ebony wood. +Heft, xi, 39, raised on high. +Henge, xi, 21, orbit; lit, hinge. +Hew, i, 46, etc., form, countenance; iii, 11, color. +Hight, ix, 14; x, 55, called, was called; intrusted. +Hond, out of, xii, 3, at once. +Horrid, vi, 25; vii, 31, rough, bristling. +Hot, xi, 29, was called; see hight. +Housling, xii, 37, sacramental. +Hove, ii, 37, rose, stood on end. +Humour, i, 36, moisture. +Hurtle, iv, 16, 40; viii, 17, rush, clash together. +Hurtlesse, vi, 31, harmless, gentle. +Husher, iv, 13, usher. + + I + +Imbrew, vii, 47, imbrue, drench. +Impe, Int. 3; ix, 6, etc., child, scion. +Impeach, viii, 34, hinder. +Imperceable, xi, 17, that cannot be pierced. +Imply, vi, 6; xi, 23, infold. +Importune, xi, 53, violent. +Improvided, xii, 34, unforeseen. +In, i, 33, inn, lodging. +Incontinent, ix, 19, at once. +Infected, x, 25, ingrained. +Infest, xi, 6, make fierce or hostile. +Influence, viii, 42, power of the stars. +Intended, xi, 38, armed, stretched out. +Intendiment, xii, 31, attention. +Intent, i, 43; ix, 27, aim, purpose. +Invent, vi, 15, discover. + + J + +Jealous, suspicious. +Jolly, i, 1; ii, 11, fine, handsome. +Jott, x, 26, speck, small piece. +Journall, xi, 31, daily. +Joy, vi, 17, to be cheerful. +Joyaunce, iv, 37, gladness, merriment. + + K + +Keepe, i, 40, heed, care. +Keeping, xi, 2, care, guard. +Kend, xii, 1, known. +Kest, xi, 31, cast. +Kindly, iii, 28, etc., natural, according to nature. +Kirtle, iv, 31, coat, tunic. +Knee, ix, 34, projection (of rocks). +Knife, vi, 38, sword. + + L + +Lad, i, 4, led. +Launch, iii, 42; iv, 46, pierce. +Lay-stall, v, 53, rubbish heap, dunghill. +Lazar, iv, 3, leper. +Leach, v, 17, 44; x, 23, surgeon, physician. +Learne, vi, 25, teach. +Leasing, vi, 48, falsehood, lying. +Leke, v, 35, leaky. +Leman, i, 6; vii, 14, lover, sweetheart, mistress. +Let, viii, 13, hindrance. +Lever, ix, 32, rather. +Libbard, vi, 25, leopard. +Liefe, iii, 28; ix, 17, dear one, darling. +Lilled, v, 34, lolled. +Lin, i, 24; v, 35, cease. +List, ii, 22; vii, 35; x, 20; xi, 10, desired, pleased. +Lively, ii, 24; vii, 20, living. +Loft, i, 41, (doubtful) air, sky, or roof. +Long, iv, 48, belong. +Lore, i, 5, knowledge. +Lorne, iv, 2, lost. +Loute, i, 30; x, 44, bow, stoop. +Lowre, ii, 22, frown, darken. +Lumpish, i, 43, dull, heavy. +Lustlesse, iv, 20, feeble, listless. +Lynd, xi, 10, lined. + + M + +Mace, iv, 44, club. +Make, vii, 7, 15, mate, companion. +Mall, vii, 51, wooden hammer, or club. +Many, xii, 9, troop, crowd. +Mart, Int. 3, mass. +Mated, ix, 12, overcome, confounded. +Maw, i, 20, stomach. +Maynly, vii, 12, violently. +Mell, i, 30, meddle. +Menage, vii, 37, manage. +Ment, i, 5, joined, mingled. +Mew, v, 20, prison, lit. cage for hawks. +Mirksome, v, 28, dark, murky. +Miscreant, v, 13; ix, 49, infidel, vile fellow. +Misdeeming, ii, 3, misleading; iv, 2, misjudging. +Misfeigning, iii, 40, pretending wrongfully. +Misformed, i, 55; viii, 16, ill formed, or formed for evil. +Misseeming, ix, 23; viii, 42, unseemly; vii, 50, deceit. +Mister, ix, 23, sort of, manner of. +Misweening, iv, 1, wrong thinking, wrong belief. +Moe, mo, v, 50, etc., more. +Mortality, x, 1, state of being mortal. +Mortall, i, 15, deadly. +Mote, iii, 29, etc., may, might. +Mought, i, 42, might. +Muchell, iv, 46; vi, 20, much, great. + + N + +Nathemore, viii, 13; ix, 25, none the more. +Nephewes, v, 22, grandchildren, descendants. +Ni'll, ix, 15, will not. +Nosethrill, xi, 22, nostril. +Note, xii, 17, know not. +N'ould, vi, 17, would not. +Noyance, i, 23, annoyance. +Noye, x, 24; xi, 45, hurt, harm. +Noyes, Noyce, vi, 8, noise. +Noyous, v, 45; xi, 50, harmful, unpleasant. + + O + +Offend, xii, 1, injure. +Offspring, vi, 30, ancestors. +Origane, ii, 40, wild marjoram. +Ought, iv, 39, owned, possessed. +Outrage, xi, 40, insult, abuse. +Overcraw, ix, 50, insult, crow over. +Oversight, vi, 1, want of prudence. +Owch, ii, 13; x, 31, jewel or socket in which a jewel was set. + + P + +Paine, xii, 34, labor, treacherous skill; ii, 39, effort; + iv, 15, take pains. +Paire, vii, 41, impair, injure. +Paled, v, 5, fenced off, inclosed with a _pale_. +Palfrey, i, 4; iii, 40, a lady's saddle horse, here Una's ass. +Paramour, i, 9, lover (not in a bad sense). +Parbreake, i, 20, vomit. +Pardale, vi, 26, leopard. +Parted, iii, 22, departed. +Pas, iv, 11, surpass; xi, 15, step, pace. +Passing, x, 24, surpassing. +Passion, ii, 26, 32, deep feeling, lit. suffering. +Passionate, xii, 16, express feelingly. +Payne, vi, 21, pains, labor. +Paynim, iv, 41; vi, 38; xi, 7, pagan, heathen. +Peece, x, 59, something constructed (Cleopolis). +Penne, xi, 10, feather, quill. +Perceable, i, 7, that can be pierced. +Perdie, perdy, vi, 42, French par Dieu, a common oath. +Pere, viii, 7; xii, 17, noble, prince. +Persaunt, x, 47, piercing. +Pight, ii, 42, etc., pitched, fixed, placed. +Pine, ix, 35, wasting away; viii, 40, pined, wasted away through torment. +Plate, vi, 43; vii, 2, solid armor, as distinguished from the coat of mail, + or light chain armor. +Pleasaunce, ii, 30, courtesies; iv, 38; vii, 4, delight, conversational + pleasure. +Point, (1) ix, 41, appoint; + (2) ii, 12, not a whit; + (3) i, 16; ii, 12, (armed) at all points. +Pollicie, iv, 12, statecraft, cunning. +Portesse, iv, 19, breviary, small prayer-book. +Posterne, v, 52, small private gate behind. +Pouldred, vii, 12, powdered. +Pounces, xi, 19, a hawk's claws. +Poynant, vii, 19, sharp, piercing. +Poyse, xi, 54, weight, force. +Practicke, xii, 34, deceitful. +Prancke, iv, 14, display gaudily. +Praunce, vii, 11, strut proudly. +Pray, ix, 30, ravage. +Preace, iii, 3, crowd, throng. +Presently, immediately. +Price, ix, 37, pay the price of, atone for. +Pricking, i, 1; iii, 33, riding, usually rapidly, _i.e._ spurring. +Priefe, viii, 43, trial; ix, 17, proof; x, 24, proved excellence. +Prime, ii, 40; etc., springtime. +Privity, ix, 5, privacy. +Prowesse, vii, 42, bravery. +Prowest, iv, 41; v, 14, bravest. +Puissance, i, 3, etc., power. +Purchas, iii, 16, lit. acquisition, cant term for theft, or robbery + (Nares). +Purfled, ii, 13, embroidered on the edge. +Purposes, ii, 30, conversation. +Purveyance, xii, 13, provision. + + Q + +Quaile, ix, 49, subdue, overpower. +Quayd, viii, 14, subdued. +Quell, xi, 24, disconcert, daunt. +Quight, viii, 10, repay. +Quit, quitt, vi, 6, 10, to free. +Quite, viii, 26, 27; x, 37, repay, return. +Quited, i, 30, return a salute. +Quoth, i, 12, etc., said. + + R + +Raft, i, 24, struck away (from reave). +Ragged, xii, 23, rough, rugged. +Raile, vi, 43, flow. +Ramping, iii, 5, etc., leaping, bounding, erect; ramp, v, 28. +Rapt, iv, 9, carried away. +Rare, ii, 32, thin-voiced. +Raskall, vii, 35; xii, 9, vulgar, base. +Raught, vi, 20, etc., reached. +Ravine, v, 8, prey. +Raw, x, 2, unpracticed, out of training. +Read, i, 13; x, 17, advise. +Reave, iii, 36; xi, 41, snatch away, rob. +Recoyle, x, 17, retreat. +Recreaunt, iv, 41, base, cowardly. +Recure, v, 44, etc., refresh. +Red, vii, 46, etc., declared. +Redoubted, iv, 40, terrible. +Redound, vi, 30; iii, 8, overflow. +Redresse, v, 30, restore, revive, reunite. +Reed, i, 21, notice, perceive. +Reele, v, 35, roll. +Reft, ix, 31; x, 65, snatched away. +Refte, vi, 39; xii, 39, bereft. +Renverst, iv, 41, turned upside down. +Repaire, vi, 30, return home. +Repining, ii, 17, failing (Percival), angry (Upton). +Repriefe, ix, 29, reproof. +Retrate, i, 13, retreat. +Reverse, ix, 48, bring back. +Revoke, vi, 28, call back. +Ridde, i, 36, remove, dispatch. +Rife, iv, 35; ix, 52, much, exceedingly. +Riotise, iv, 20, riot. +Rode, xii, 42, anchorage, harbor. +Rove, Int. 3, shoot (an arrow with an elevation, not point blank). +Round, vi, 7, dance. +Rowel, vii, 37, ring of a bit. +Ruffin, iv, 34, rough, disordered. +Rusty, v, 32, rust-colored, bloodstained, filthy. +Ruth, v, 9, pity, sorrow. + + S + +Sacred, viii, 35, accursed--of ashes used impiously to receive the blood + of the slain (Upton). +Sad, i, 2; v, 20; x, 7; xii, 5, grave, mournful; iii, 10, firm, steady; + i, 36, heavy. +Sallow, i, 9, a kind of willow. +Salvage, iii, 5; vi, 11, etc., wild, woodland (adj.). +Sam, x, 57, together, same. +Say, iv, 31, serge cloth for cloaks (Halliwell). +Scath, iv, 35; xii, 34, hurt, mischief. +Scor'd, i, 2, carved. +Scowre, ii, 20, run fast. +Scryne, Int. 2, chest, or case for keeping books, etc. +Sead, x, 51, seed, posterity. +Sease, xi, 38, fasten; seised, xii, 17, gained, taken possession of. +Seel, vii, 23, lit. sew up the eyes (of hawks), deprive of sight. +Seely, silly, vi, 10; i, 30; ii, 21, simple, innocent. +Seemly, ii, 30, polite. +Scene, v, 16, proved, tested. +Semblaunt, ii, 12, appearance. +Sent, i, 43, perception, sense. +Shadow, represent typically. +Shamefast, x, 15, shy, modest. +Shaume, xii, 13, a wind musical instrument. +Shend, i, 53, shame. +Shew, iii, 10, sign, track. +Shroud, i, 6, 8, shelter. +Single, vi, 12, weak; viii, 12, mere. +Sith, vii, 22, etc., since; sitheng, iv, 51. +Sits, i, 30, becomes, suits. +Slight, vii, 30, device; viii, 23, skill. +Snubbe, viii, 7, knob, snag. +Solemnize, x, 4, rite, solemnizing. +Sooth, iii, 29, truth. +Souce, v, 8, beat. +Soust, iii, 31, drenched. +Sowne, i, 41, sound. +Sperst, i, 39; iv, 48, dispersed. +Spill, iii, 43, destroy. +Stadle, vi, 14, staff. +Stanneries, stannaries, tin mines or tin works. +Starke, i, 44. stiff. +Sted, stedd, viii, 17, etc., place. +Sterne, i, 18; xi, 28, tail. +Stew, xi, 44, warm place. +Stole, i, 4, 45; xii, 22, long robe. +Stound, vii, 12, stunned; vii, 25; viii, 12, 25, 38, moment. +Stowre, ii, 7, etc., distress, peril battle. +Stye, xi, 25, ascend, rise up. +Subject, xi, 19, lying beneath. +Sure, ix, 19, secure. +Swarved, x, 14, swerved. +Swelt, vii, 6, burned. +Swinge, xi, 26, singe. +Swowne, i, 41, heavy sleep; ix, 52, swoon; swound, v, 19. + + T + +Table, ix, 49, picture. +Tackles, xii, 42, rigging. +Talaunts, xi, 41, talons. +Teade, xii, 37, torch. +Teene, ix, 34; xii, 18, grief, trouble, hurt. +Then, x, 10, than. +Thewes, ix, 3; x, 4, manners. +Tho, i, 18, etc., then. +Thorough, i, 32; x, 1, through. +Thrall, ii, 22; vii, 44; viii, 1, subject; v, 45, 51; viii, 32, 37, + prisoner; vi, 6, one in distress. +Three-square, vi, 41, triangular. +Thrill, iii, 42; x, 19; xi, 20, pierce. +Thrist, vi, 38, thirst. +Throw, x, 41, throe, pang. +Tide, ii, 29, time (duration). +Timely, i, 21; iv, 4, keeping time. +Tire, iv, 35, train, rank, company; viii, 40; x, 31, headdress, attire. +Told, iv, 27, counted. +Tort, xii, 4, wrong. +Touch, iii, 2, touchstone. +Toy, vi, 28, sport. +Trace, viii, 31, walk. +Traine, trayne, i, 18; viii, 17; xi, 37, tail; iii, 24; vi, 3, etc., + deceit, wiles. +Transmew, vii, 35, transmute. +Treachour, iv, 41; ix, 32, traitor. +Treen, ii, 39; vii, 26, tree-like, of trees. +Trenchand, i, 17; xi, 24, sharp, trenchant. +Trinall, xii, 39, threefold. +Truncked, viii, 10, truncated, with the limbs cut off. +Trusse, xi, 19, to secure a firm hold on. +Turnament, v, 1, tournament, combat of knights in the lists. +Tway, vii, 27, two, twain. +Twyfold, v, 28, twofold. +Twyne, vi, 14, twist. +Tyne, ix, 15, anxiety, pain. + + U + +Unacquainted, v, 21, unaccustomed. +Unbid, ix, 54, unprayed for. +Uncouth, i, 15; xi, 20, strange. +Undight, iii, 4, unfastened. +Uneath, ix, 38, etc., with difficulty. +Unkindly, i, 26, unnatural. +Unlich, v, 28, unlike. +Untill, xi, 41, unto. +Unty, xi, 41, loosen. +Unwary, xii, 25, unexpected. +Unweeting, ii, 45, etc., unaware, not knowing. + + V + +Venery, vi, 22, hunting. +Vere, xii, 1, veer, change the direction of. +Vew, vi, 25, aspect, appearance. +Vild, ix, 46, vile. +Vine-prop, i, 8, supporting the vine. +Visour, vii, 1, visor, the part of the helmet which protected the eyes. + + W + +Wade, i, 12, walk, go, pass. +Wage, iv, 39, reward, pledge. +Wanton, ii, 13, 14, wild, unrestrained. +Ware, vii, 1, wary. +Warray, v, 48, wage war against. +Wastfull, i, 32, etc., barren, wild. +Wastnes, iii, 3, desert, wilderness. +Wax, iv, 34, grow. +Wayne, iv, 9, chariot. +Wayting, x, 36, watching. +Weare, i, 31, spend, pass. +Weedes, Int. 1; ii, 21, clothes, x, 28, armor. +Weene, i, 10; iii, 41, intend; x, 58, think. +Weet, iii, 6, 11, to know; to weete, iii, 17, etc., to wit. +Welke, i, 23, fade, grow dim. +Welkin, iv, 9, sky. +Well, ii, 43, well-being, health; i, 26, etc., quite, very; + vii, 4, bubble up. +Wex, xi, 1, grow; woxen, iv, 34. +Whally, iv, 34, streaked (Warren). +Whenas, ii, 32, etc., as soon as. +Whereas, vi, 40, where. +Whot, x, 26, hot. +Whyleare, ix, 28, erewhile. +Whylome, iv, 15, etc., formerly. +Wight, ix, 23, 32, person, creature. +Wimple, xii, 22, veil, lit. covering for the neck; + wimpled, i, 4, folded, provided with a wimple. +Wist, v, 27 knew. +Wonne, vi, 39, fought; wonne, vi, 39, dwell. +Wood, iv, 34; v, 20, mad, furious. +Worshippe, i, 3, honor, respect. +Wot, i, 13; wote, ii, 18; ix, 31, know. +Woxen, see wax. +Wreakes, viii, 43; xii, 16, anger, acts of vengeance. +Wreck, xi, 21, destruction, mischief. +Wrizled, viii, 47, wrinkled (Warren). +Wyde, i, 34, distant. + + Y + +Yborne, vii, 10, born. +Ycladd, i, 1; yclad, i, 7, 29; ii, 2; ycled, iv, 38, clad. +Ydle, v, 8, airy, purposeless. +Ydrad, i, 2, dreaded. +Yede, xi, 5, go. +Yfere, ix, 1, together. +Ygoe, ii, 18, ago. +Ylike, iv, 27, alike. +Ymp, see impe. +Yod, see yede. +Younglings, x, 57, young of any animal. +Youthly, vi, 34, youthful. +Ypight, ix, 33, pitched, placed. +Yrkesome, ii, 6, weary; iii, 4, painful. +Yts, vii, 39, it is. + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPENSER'S THE FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK +I*** + + +******* This file should be named 15272.txt or 15272.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/5/2/7/15272 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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