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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15404-8.txt b/15404-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8026c83 --- /dev/null +++ b/15404-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1863 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 19, March 18, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 19, March 18, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 18, 2005 [EBook #15404] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. MARCH 18, 1897 Vol. 1. NO. 19 + $2.50 PER YEAR + [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter] + +[Illustration] + + A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + +Copyrighted 1897, By WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. + + * * * * * + +=School Books Wanted= + + +The following school books will be taken in exchange for subscriptions for +"Great Round World" at prices named. + +Send books by express prepaid. Send none which are much soiled or worn; +pages must not be torn nor missing. Mark package--"GREAT ROUND +WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City, care William Beverley +Harison." + +Put your name on package and send a list by mail with your subscription +order. + +=We can use Standard School Books of all kinds, send List of any you may +wish to dispose of.= + +=READERS= + + Barnes' First, 20c. Second, 30c. Third, 40c. + Appleton's " 15c. " 25c. " 30c. + Cyr's " 20c. " 25c. " 30c. + New Franklin " 20c. " 30c. " 35c. + McGuffey's Revised " 15c. " 25c. " 30c. + Stickney's " 10c. " 15c. " 20c. + Swinton's " 20c. " 30c. " 40c. + Information " 30c. " 30c. " 30c. + +=HISTORIES. UNITED STATES= + + Barnes' Primary, 40c. Large 1890 or later, 75c. + Eggleston's First Book, 40c. " 75c. + Fiske's " 75c. + Johnston's Shorter, 40c. " 75c. + Montgomery's Beginner's, 30c. " 75c. + Sheldon's " 50c. + Thomas' " 50c. + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND WORLD And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 MARCH 18, 1897. NO. 19 + + * * * * * + +Cuba has changed places with Greece this week, and again occupies the most +important place in men's thoughts. + +An American citizen who was arrested there two weeks ago has been found +dead in his cell, under very mysterious circumstances. + +This man was Dr. Ricardo Ruiz. + +He was born in Cuba, but came to the United States many years ago. He +studied dentistry in Philadelphia, lived there several years, obtained his +papers, and became an American citizen. + +A foreigner who wishes to become an American citizen has to go before a +judge and declare his intention of becoming a citizen of the United +States. The court then gives him what are called his "first papers." + +He must have lived here five years before he can become a citizen. To do +this he asks for what are called his first papers, and then he must wait +two years before he can get what are called his "second papers," which +make him a citizen of the United States, and give him all the rights and +privileges of a native-born citizen. Before the second papers are given +him, he has to take an oath swearing to be a true and faithful citizen of +his new country, and he has to give up any title that he may have borne in +his former land. + +[Illustration: Prison at Guanabacoa Dr. Ricardo Ruiz] + +The oath he takes, which is called the oath of allegiance, binds him to +give up his citizenship in his former country, and to become so completely +an American that if a war were to break out between his old country and +the United States, he would fight against her and for America. + +He went back to Cuba, after a while, and settled in Guanabacoa. + +Guanabacoa, if you will remember, is the town which is ruled by the cruel +Fondeviella. In Number 13 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD we told you about this +man, and his cruelty. + +It would seem that Dr. Ruiz fell a victim to Fondeviella's cruelty. + +The Spaniards seem to have a very spiteful feeling against Cubans who have +become American citizens. + +They vow vengeance against such men, and are ever on the watch to find an +excuse for arresting or punishing them. + +Dr. Ruiz, though he seems to have attended to his own business, and obeyed +the law in every way, interfering with no one, has been an object of +suspicion to Fondeviella for some time past, and when, on January 16th, a +train was thrown off the rails by insurgents, a few miles from Guanabacoa, +Dr. Ruiz was accused of having taken part in the outrage. + +He was arrested and thrown into jail. + +When the reason for his arrest was known, some well-known citizens of +Guanabacoa came forward, and said that they knew Dr. Ruiz was innocent. It +seems that on that very night there was a birthday party at the house of +Dr. Ruiz's father-in-law. + +The doctor was present, but, feeling tired, he left the party at ten +o'clock and went to his own house. Two of his friends went with him, and +sat chatting with him until after twelve o'clock. + +The train was thrown off the rails at ten-thirty, so that it was quite +impossible that Dr. Ruiz could have had any hand in the work. + +The authorities refused to listen to these statements made by Dr. Ruiz's +friends, and kept him shut up in a dark and filthy cell for fourteen days. +At the end of this time word came to Consul-General Lee that Dr. Ruiz had +died in prison. + +As he was a very strong and healthy man, the American Consul at once +suspected that he had not died a natural death. + +On investigation it was found that the poor fellow had died from the +effects of a blow on the head. + +No one knows, and probably no one ever will know, how he was killed, but +there are dark rumors that he was murdered in his cell by Fondeviella's +orders. + +When the Americans were going to see the cell in which poor Dr. Ruiz had +died, they were obliged to pass along a corridor lined with other cells, +in which more prisoners were confined. + +As they walked along this passage, several of the poor captives came to +their doors, and whispered that Ruiz had been ill-treated, and they +thought murdered. They declared that they had heard sounds of blows coming +from his cell, and that the jail had rung with the poor doctor's cries for +help. + +This may not be true, because Cubans shut up in jails by Spaniards are not +likely to feel very friendly toward them, and these stories may have been +invented with the hope of angering the Americans into making war on Spain. + +But whether these stories be true or false, it is very well known that the +Spaniards do not treat their prisoners kindly, and there is good ground +for suspicion in this case. + +Our Consul was so disturbed by the news that was brought to him, and by +the sights that he saw in the jail, that he sent word to the government in +Washington, asking that warships be sent to Havana to protect the American +prisoners who are in Cuban jails. + +There have been, and still are, a number of our citizens under arrest in +Cuba, and the case of Mrs. Rodriguez, about whom you read in Number 16 of +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, followed so closely by the death of Dr. Ruiz, has +made General Lee feel that the Americans in Cuba need some better +protection than they have at present. + +The government however, has refused him the help he asked for, and it is +reported that the Consul-General has sent in his resignation, preferring +to give up his office rather than remain in Cuba without the power to help +his countrymen. + +This news has created the greatest excitement. The government denies that +it is true, and declares that General Lee has neither asked for warships +nor sent in his resignation. But signed telegrams come from Havana, +stating that the whole matter is quite true, and that the General cabled +his resignation, so that there might be no delay in its reaching our +government. + +Both Houses of Congress are demanding to be told the whole truth about the +matter. Senators, who, as a rule, are very loyal to the government, are +asking for explanations, and insisting that all the papers and letters in +Mr. Olney's hands that relate to the subject shall be given to the +Senate. + +Havana is also highly excited. The report that General Lee had asked for +warships set the Spaniards afire. They threatened, and raged, and became +so angry and indignant that the Marquis de Ahumada, the governor of +Havana, was afraid that riots would break out. + +He therefore sent for the colonels of the various volunteer troops in the +city, and assured them that the reports were altogether false, and that +Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Olney were the faithful friends of Spain. + +Despite the governor's proclamation, the Spaniards openly declare that if +an American man-of-war enters Havana harbor they will attack the American +Consulate, and declare war on the United States. + +Meanwhile, people are wondering what turn Cuban affairs will take, after +they are in the hands of the new President. + +The Spaniards declare that Major McKinley will follow in the footsteps of +Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Olney, and do nothing at all. + +In Washington it is said that great changes will be made. While war will +not be declared on Spain, warships will be sent to Cuba to protect our +citizens there, and the United States Navy will no longer be kept doing +police work for Spain by preventing filibustering. + +One thing, however, is sure. Dr. Ruiz's death will be closely inquired +into. + +General Lee's prompt and manly action has been of some little help to +another poor American confined in a Cuban jail. + +This second prisoner is a Mr. Charles Scott, who is accused of having +some postage stamps in his possession that were issued by the insurgent +government. + +It is the custom of the Spaniards to keep important prisoners in solitary +confinement until they have been examined by the judge. Their law says +that a prisoner shall be shut up thus closely for seventy hours, and +during that time he shall be completely cut off from the rest of the +world, and therefore at the mercy of his jailers. + +It was during this confinement, and while he was waiting for his +examination, that Dr. Ruiz was, if reports be true, beaten to death by the +Spaniards. + +Mr. Scott was also waiting for his examination, but General Lee, fearing +that he, too, might "happen to die" in his prison, made such a clamor for +his release, that he has been put with the other prisoners, and where his +friends can see him. + + * * * * * + +Fighting still continues in Crete, and it seems as if the Powers were +really sincere in their wish to make Greece keep the peace. + +Colonel Vassos has been doing some fine work as commander of the Corps of +Occupation. He has attacked fort after fort, and has won several victories +over the Turks. + +Encouraged by his success, he decided to advance on Canea. + +No sooner was word of his advance brought to the city, than the admirals +in command of the various fleets set out for the Greek camp, and had a +talk with Colonel Vassos. + +They would not tell what had passed, but on their return to Canea they +sent to the commander of the Greek fleet, and asked him to call on them. + +When this gentleman met the admirals, they were all assembled together, +and had evidently been talking the situation over. They informed him, as +the result of their conference, that if Colonel Vassos did attack the +city, the allied fleets of the Powers would fire upon him and drive him +away. + +The same message was sent to Colonel Vassos. + +In spite of it, he advanced upon Canea, and the morning after the warning +had been received his troops began to fire upon the town. + +Immediately, the admirals of the fleets in the harbor ordered the decks of +their ships to be cleared for action, and fired their guns upon the +Greeks. + +After a short while, the Greeks, finding that they could not stand against +the terrible fire from the big guns, became disheartened, and withdrew. + +The moment the Greek flag was hauled down, the ships stopped firing. + +A good deal of indignation has been felt that Christian Powers should +interfere to uphold the misrule of infidels, but the Great Powers say they +are acting for the best interests of Europe. + +It seems quite sure that they do not mean to leave the Cretans under the +care of the Sultan of Turkey. + +The latest news tells us that Greece has once more been ordered to leave +Crete, and that this time she has agreed to do so, provided that the +island be made independent. + +Lord Salisbury, the Prime Minister of England, suggested that Crete should +be given home rule under the governorship of a Greek prince, and thus far +the rest of the Powers are willing to agree with him. + +Nothing will be done until the Greek troops have been made to leave Crete, +and this may not be so easy to accomplish. Word comes from Athens that the +people are not at all pleased with the idea of home rule for Crete. They +want the island to be joined to Greece, and would rather fight for it, +than give it up. It is very natural that they should feel this way. + +If the people of some near-by country were almost all Americans and +relations of ours, and were cruelly treated by their rulers, we would feel +just as the Greeks do. There is hardly a family in Greece which has not +suffered wrong from the Turks. It is but natural that they fight for their +brothers, the Cretans. + + * * * * * + +In Number 14 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, we spoke of the massacre of a +number of white men in Africa by the King of Benin. We told how the Queen +of England had ordered her soldiers to punish the African king for his +cruelty. + +News has just come that the soldiers sent by England have captured Benin +City, and that its king, Drunami, is fleeing before his angry foes. + +A part of the soldiers remained in Benin to hold the city, and the rest +went in pursuit of the king. They expect to take him prisoner, and if they +succeed in doing so, they will keep him a captive, to prevent any more of +his cruel outbreaks. + +The English must be very glad to have Benin in their possession, because +the king used to send out parties of his warriors to lay waste all the +country round about the city. He would attack and capture the trading +parties carrying ivory to the coast, and would bring the traders back +within the walls of Benin, to torture and kill them in cruel and savage +ways. + +His city was so strongly fortified that none of the surrounding tribes +dared to attack it, and he had things pretty much his own way. + +So sure was he of the strength of his walls, and the cleverness of his +warriors, that he laughed at the idea of the Queen of England punishing +him for his wicked deeds, and waited for the soldiers to come to Benin, +expecting to be able to make very short work of them. + +Now, however, he has learned that there are greater and more powerful +monarchs than the King of Benin, and that his boasted stronghold was of no +account when attacked by a clever foe. Obliged to flee for his life, +leaving his city in ruins behind him, Drunami, King of Benin, is learning +that he is not so great or powerful as he thought he was. It will probably +be a very useful lesson to him, and make him a better man. + + * * * * * + +A very curious law case has just come to an end in France. + +It is such a silly case, that it seems strange that the French lawyers +waste their time over it. + +The Duke of Anjou and the Duke of Orleans each claim the right to the +title of King of France. + +The lawyers on both sides argued and struggled over the matter with all +seriousness. + +The Duke of Anjou did not want the Duke of Orleans to call himself the +head of the Royal Family of France, nor did he want him to have the right +to use the royal shield of France as his coat of arms. Only the King of +France has a right to use the lilies of France, or fleurs-de-lis, as they +are called, on his shield. + +The Duke of Anjou was, further, much troubled lest the Duke of Orleans +should have the right to sign his proclamations with his first name only, +after the manner of kings. + +After many a legal wrangle, and many a fine argument, the court finally +gave its opinion that the Duke of Anjou had lost his case for the +following very good reasons: + +First, because there is no longer a King of France--France being now a +republic. + +Second, because the title of King of France is not one that can be handed +down from father to son, like other titles. It is the sole property of the +ruler of the kingdom of France. France being no longer a kingdom, it has +no king, and therefore nobody has the right to the title at all. + +Third, because there being no longer a kingdom of France, nor a king of +France, nobody has any especial right to use the coat of arms of the king. +The court was of opinion that anybody may use it who feels inclined. + +Fourth, because there being no longer a kingdom of France nor a king, +neither of the quarrelling dukes has any need to issue proclamations. If +they do issue them, no one will take any notice of them, and therefore the +court cannot see that it is anybody's business what name is signed to +them. The Duke of Anjou has no right to interfere with the Duke of +Orleans' signature as a private individual, and therefore the court +refuses to dictate to the Duke of Orleans how he shall sign his letters, +whether with his first, his last, or with all of his names. + +The court therefore ordered the Duke of Anjou to pay all the costs of the +trial, and dismissed the case. + +Does it not seem absurd for two grown men to quarrel about a title which +neither of them has the slightest use for? + + * * * * * + +On the 1st of January, 1897, a new law went into force, forbidding the +convicts in State's prisons to do any other work than hard labor for the +benefit of the State. + +Up to the time of passing this law, when a prisoner went to jail, the +warden found out the work for which he was best suited, and gave him +employment of that nature. + +A convict who was a good accountant would be put to keeping the books. A +shoemaker would be set to mending and working in the shoe-shop. A +bricklayer would be put to building and repairing, and so on. + +The new law stops this system entirely. + +Hard labor means lifting stones, digging, building walls, and work of that +kind. + +If there are no prison buildings to be made, and no heavy work to be +undertaken for the State, the prisoners must remain idle. + +To the convicts, idleness is the most cruel punishment that they can be +given. They have nothing to interest or amuse them, nothing to think of +but their own sad lives; they cannot speak to each other, as talking is +absolutely forbidden, so taking their work from them is a very great +cruelty. + +Since the law first went into effect, some of the convicts have become so +unhappy that they have lost their reason. + +The wardens, seeing how their prisoners were suffering, have been much +troubled, and have all been trying to think of some means of exercising or +drilling, which will interest the convicts, and make up to them for the +work they have lost. + +There have been so many complaints about convicts being allowed to do work +that honest men can earn money by, that little by little all employment +has been taken from them. + +A very good change has been made in the management of the prisons in New +York State, by General Austin Lathrop, the Superintendent of Prisons. + +It has long been felt by people who have given serious thought to the +matter, that it was wrong to mix all the criminals together. It was +thought that men who had been dishonest should not be put with men who had +tried to kill, or were guilty of other awful crimes. Many people have +thought that some difference in the class of the prisoners should be made. + +The law does make a difference: some criminals are only given short +sentences, while others have very long ones. + +But the jail makes no difference whatever. Once within the prison walls, +all convicts are treated in the same way. + +[Illustration: STATE PRISON, SING SING.] + +General Lathrop's plan alters all this. He takes into account that some +people commit crimes through ignorance, some through weakness, and some +through wickedness. He thinks that the first two classes of convicts +should be carefully separated from the really bad criminals. + +His plan is to divide all the convicts in the prisons into separate +groups. + +Group A is to consist of those who are serving their first term of +imprisonment, and who may therefore be supposed to have been led into +crime by others, and not to be so wicked but that a chance remains of +turning them back into the paths of goodness and honesty. + +Group B will be made up of men who have been in prison once before, and +for whom there is still hope that they may reform. + +Group C will take in the men who have served more than one term of +imprisonment, and whose reform is very doubtful, but even they will be +separated from. + +Group D, into which will be put the hardened criminals, who are to be kept +apart, that they may not harm the more innocent prisoners. + +The different groups will be kept entirely separated, and those who are +young in crime will never come across the old offenders. + +The first group will have the greatest care from the prison officials. +Every effort will be made to guide its members into better ways of life. +They will be looked after by a physician, who will give them plenty of +exercise and training to make their bodies strong. There will be a regular +system for educating them, and training their minds into the knowledge +that to be happy they must be good, and that sensible men will obey the +law. + +When they are sent back into the world after their term of imprisonment +is over, they will have learned how to be useful and honest men, and every +effort will be made to help them to lead good lives. + +The next, Group B, and also Group C, will be treated in much the same sort +of way as Group A, except that these groups will be disciplined more +severely than the first one. + +Little time will be wasted over Group D. The men in it will be treated in +the ordinary way, and the only especial attention they will get will be to +see that they are never mixed with the other groups. + +It is hoped that, through these means, many men who are not really +criminals at heart may be brought back to decency and good citizenship. + +New York State is not alone in this desire to reform its criminals. + +Last year, two Houses of Reform were established in Kentucky, one for boys +and one for girls. These prisons are situated in healthy parts of the +country, and they are built on what is called the "Cottage Family Plan." +This means that they are divided into cottages, each of which holds about +twenty-six criminals. Locks, bolts, and bars are not used any more than +necessary. Each cottage is in the care of a matron, who has orders to keep +it as much like a home as possible. + +The young prisoners are taught to be good citizens, and the result has +been very fine. + +* * * * * + +We were talking about right whales not very long ago. Now, if we may +believe what we hear, a fine large right whale has been caught off the +Long Island coast, and the fishermen are highly pleased. + +It seems that one of the beach patrol caught sight of some whales out at +sea. Hurrying to the telephone, he called up the Life-Saving Station at +Amagansett, and handed on the news. + +The whole fishing population of Amagansett immediately turned out, and in +a few minutes five boats were launched, and were quickly in pursuit of the +whales. + +A good many of the Amagansett men were old whalers, so they knew exactly +what to do, and soon coming up with a fine young whale, they succeeded in +harpooning him. Three of the five boats reached the scene in time to +harpoon the whale, at the same time, and then the trouble began. + +A harpoon is a sort of a spear, to which a long rope is attached. This +spear is hurled at the whale by a sailor who stands in the bow of the +boat; it has a barbed end, like that of a fish-hook, and if it once gets +into the flesh of a whale it will hold fast, and the struggles of the +great fish cannot pull it out. + +The line attached to the harpoon is held fast by the men in the boat, and +as the whale, in his pain and fright, plunges, dives, and swims about to +get away from the spear that is hurting him, the boat and the men in it +are dragged after him wherever he goes. + +The men of Amagansett were at first very proud that three boats had +succeeded in getting near enough for their occupants to strike the whale. + +But their pride did not last long. Ere two minutes had passed, each +boat-load was wishing that they had left the whale to the other, and +everybody was as busy as could be blaming his neighbor. + +The trouble was that the harpoons had all been well thrown, and all had +stuck fast--too fast, for when the whale gave a mighty plunge, and set off +for the North Pole, at the rate of sixty miles an hour, all the three +boats, which were attached to him by their harpoon ropes, went bumping +along after him, in a terrible confusion of ropes, reproaches, and bad +language. + +The whale sped along. The bows of the boats which were flying in his wake +were lifted high in the air, and the spray flew on every side, till it was +like a morning mist. + +No one would let go his rope. Each man was sure his harpoon was the first +thrown; so with hearts full of fury and fear, the brave whalers of +Amagansett sped onward till they had made about six miles on their trip to +the North Pole. + +Then the whale changed his mind, decided that the South Pole was nearer +than the North, and, veering round, came charging down upon the boats. + +There was consternation among the whalers! + +One flip of the monster's great tail would have sent them all to a watery +grave. They could not separate because of their twisted ropes, so, with a +few more compliments to each other, they got ready for the fight. + +Before the whale had had time to do any serious harm, an old man, who had +fought many such big fish in his day, seized another harpoon, plunged it +into the whale's side, and finished the business. + +After churning the water with his tail till the whole surface looked like +soapsuds, the whale gave up the fight, and was towed in to shore. + +Imagine the delight of the heroes of Amagansett, when they found that +their prize was a right whale, with about 800 pounds of bone in his mouth. + +His value is supposed to be about two thousand dollars; this will be +equally divided among the men who caught the prize. + + * * * * * + +A new Immigration Bill has passed through Congress. + +It provides that no one who is over sixteen years of age shall be allowed +to come into the country if not able to read. The bill passed both Houses, +and was sent to President Cleveland for his signature. + +Some people thought that he would not sign the bill, because it is good +for us to let all the immigrants into the country who want to come. Others +hope that he did sign it, because they think we ought to be very careful +about the kind of people we allow to enter our country, and share its +privileges with us. + +The present immigration laws are very strict. Every foreigner who comes to +our shores has to satisfy the authorities at Ellis Island as to his +worthiness, before he can be allowed to land. + +Ellis Island is in New York harbor, and is used solely for the handling of +immigrants. + +Every ship that carries immigrants is obliged to furnish the authorities +at Ellis Island with lists of these passengers, and full information about +them. The steerage passengers are landed at Ellis Island, the lists are +given to the clerks, and the immigrants have to pass before these clerks, +and answer all their questions before they are allowed to enter our +country. + +Before they come to the desks where the clerks sit, they have to pass two +by two before some doctors, who watch very carefully to see if there are +any lame or deformed persons among them. If any such are found, the +doctors separate them from the rest, and they are carefully examined to +see what their trouble is. + +If it is serious, and they are cripples, and not able to earn their own +living, they are not allowed to come into the country, but are sent back +where they came from, at the expense of the steamship company. + +In Spain and Italy, and indeed in many of the European countries, there +are an amazing number of cripples who make their living by begging. These +professional beggars are a dirty, shiftless set of people, a disgrace and +a danger to the countries they live in. + +If we allowed them to enter our country it would greatly increase our +taxes and expenses, for we do not allow begging, and so, as the poor +unfortunates must have food and shelter, we would send them to our +almshouses, and have to pay to support them. So it is forbidden to allow +cripples, or people incapable of earning their own living, to come into +the country. + +While the doctors are watching for cripples, they also examine the +immigrants carefully, to see that they have not any kind of sickness. Only +healthy immigrants are allowed to land, sick people being sent back. + +When the immigrants have passed the doctors, they then reach the clerks, +who must be satisfied that they have money, or friends in the country, +before they give them permission to land. + +People who come without money are divided from the rest, and are taken +before a board of inquiry. + +Here they are asked why they came to the country. If they have friends who +have sent for them, and who agree to feed and shelter them, they are +allowed to pass. If no friends come for them, they are kept on Ellis +Island till their friends are found; and if no friends are found, they are +sent back to their own country. + +When they have been passed from Ellis Island the immigration law has not +done with them. The law says that no charity shall be given to an +immigrant who has been in this country for less than a year. Any person +who asks for help, and has been less than a year over here, is sent back +to Ellis Island, and from thence he is carried back to his own country by +the same steamship company that brought him. + +So you see that the laws are almost strict enough now, and the immigrants +who succeed in passing through Ellis Island are a good, solid class of +people, who are likely to become worthy citizens. + + * * * * * + +Did you ever hear a singing mouse? + +A man wrote a long story to _The Sun_, a few days ago, telling how he was +awakened one night, and frightened out of his wits by hearing a noise like +the peeping of a chicken in the adjoining room. + +He got up and lit the gas, and saw a little brown mouse run across the +floor. + +He set a trap, caught the mouse, which was no sooner in the trap than it +began to sing. The man whistled to it, and the little creature replied. + +The man did not seem to realize that he had found a great prize, but +pretending that his wife was afraid of the mouse, he drowned it in a pail +of water. + +When it was safely dead, he began to search through his encyclopedia to +see what kind of a "beastie" he had caught. But the encyclopedia, as +studied by the good man, did not seem to be any wiser than he, and he +finally wrote a note to the newspaper for information. + +[Illustration] + +It is a great pity he did not keep the mouse until he had looked the +matter up, for chance had sent him a very gentle and charming little pet. + +His singing mouse was a deer or white-foot mouse. This mouse is found all +over the United States, and while several other kinds are known to sing, +the deer-mouse is the sweetest of the singers. + +These mice can be very easily tamed, and live happily in cages, like +dormice. + +In "Nature's Wonderland" an interesting story is told of a deer-mouse +which was a famous singer. + +It was owned by Dr. Lockwood, who was so pleased with its songs, that he +set them to music, and gave them names. + +He noticed that his mouse had certain songs for certain occasions. When +she had awakened from a long sleep, and had taken some nice food, she +would sing her great aria, which he called the "Grand Role." + +When she jumped into her wheel for a spin, she had another kind of song, +which he called the "Wheel Song." + +She had another song that she used for state occasions, and this was so +silvery and sweet, that those who heard it declared that no canary could +imitate it. + +It is a pity that such a pretty and curious kind of creature should have +been killed through ignorance. + + GENIE H. ROSENFELD. + + We have another true story of a singing mouse, which will be + published in "THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Animal Story-Book."--EDITOR. + + + + +Letters From Our Young Friends. + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + I take THE GREAT ROUND WORLD and like it very much. I am + interested to know what has become of Robinson Crusoe's Island, + as I have not seen anything about it lately. I hope there will + be something about it soon. + + Yours truly, + NEW YORK, Feb. 19th, 1897. FREDERICK D. + + P.S.--We have a club every Saturday morning, and we read THE + GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + + +DEAR FREDERICK: + +We have had no further news about Crusoe's Island. Rest assured that we +will tell our young friends when anything more is heard of or from the +island of Juan Fernandez. THE EDITOR. + + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + I have of late become deeply interested in your delightful + little paper, THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and as I saw many of the + enthusiastic readers writing to you, and asking different + requests, I thought I would follow their example. I use your + little book for different purposes. At school we have to begin + topics, and I get a great deal of information from your little + paper. I also spend many happy moments reading its contents. + + I wish you would send me the names of a few good books. I do not + want anything like fairy tales, but something on the order of + "Six Girls," by Miss Irving, or "Little Women"; or I would be + more pleased with the names of a few good boarding-school + stories. I would also like you to explain the relationship + between Noah and Daniel Webster. + + Hoping I will receive an answer in a short time, I remain, + + Your interested reader, + CINCINNATI, O., Feb. 22d, 1897. GRACE G. + + +DEAR GRACE: + +We are very glad you take pleasure in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and that you +find it useful. + +We are told by a girl who is fond of reading, that "A World of Girls," by +Mead, is the most delightful school story ever written. + +"Jackanapes," "Six to Sixteen," "A Flat-Iron for a Farthing," are all +three by Mrs. Ewing, and are charming books. + +"An Old-Fashioned Girl," and Miss Yonge's "Pillars of the House," are both +interesting. + +History does not tell us of any close relationship between Noah and Daniel +Webster. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I tried "Sylvia's Caramels," and found them very nice. + + The other day I went to the Zoo. It is very nice. Chiquita is + twenty-six inches tall and twenty-six years old. She is very + cunning. She slept in a cigar-box up to the time that she was + six years old! The man that told about her said that there was + nothing she disliked more than to be called "dear little thing." + + You asked us to tell you about any book that we like. "Timothy's + Quest" is one of my favorite stories, by Kate Douglas Wiggin. + All her stories end well, this one especially. It is very funny, + also. + + Will you please send me a "Who? When? What?" chart? + + Wishing success to your little paper, I remain, + + Your true and constant reader, + WEST NEWTON, MASS., Feb. 20th, 1897. CLARA M.B. + + +Grace may perhaps find Clara's favorite story, "Timothy's Quest," +interesting to her. We are much obliged to Clara for her nice letter. + + EDITOR. + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + It's Washington's Birthday, and a very gloomy day, too. I + haven't anything to do, and mamma is in a great state of things, + so I thought I would write, which I never like to do. + + Well, you know there is a lot of cruelty going on all around the + world. + + Just think, in the summer time, how animals suffer, poor things. + But I cannot do a thing. I just have to see and hear about it. + + Now there goes a horse-car driver whipping his horse, and here's + a man pulling the reins so the poor creature's head is bent way + back and his lip bleeding. I do beg you to write something in + your paper about it, but don't say who told you to, for all the + children whom I know that get your paper would laugh at me; but + if you don't tell them they will think it all right. I'll tell + you what to write: just something to ask them to be good to + animals; and tell them some of the sufferings of animals. + + I don't know what to say now, so good-by. + + Your friend, + + +DEAR LITTLE FRIEND: + +We could not resist the temptation to publish your letter, though we have +not put your name to it, and so no one will guess that it comes from you. +Dear child, your gentle plea for dumb animals will do far more to make +thoughtless people care for them than any words of ours. + +But we will do our best to help you, and will try to have the article you +ask for written. + +There is a Society in New York for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, +and it publishes a lot of little books and papers telling people how to +take care of animals. You should ask your mamma to let you go to the +Society's rooms at No. 10 East 22d Street, and get Mr. Haines to give some +of these books to you. + +When you grow up you should join the Society, and then you would be able +to do a great deal for animals. They will love you for your kind little +heart as much as we do. + +You might do something to help your favorites now, by getting all the boys +and girls you know to join you in forming Bands of Mercy. These are clubs +of young people who pledge themselves to be kind and helpful to all +animals. + +Write to Mr. J.L. Stevens, the Secretary of the American Humane Education +Society, Milk Street, Boston. + +Tell him THE GREAT ROUND WORLD gave you his address, and he will send you +information about forming your club, and about the badges and rules. + +You can do a great deal for suffering animals by interesting other boys +and girls in the work, and teaching them that we ought to be even kinder +to animals than we are to one another, because animals are dumb, and +cannot tell us when they suffer. + + EDITOR. + + +We have great pleasure in informing our readers that we are about to +publish a volume of "GREAT ROUND WORLD Natural History Stories." + +We know how much our young friends love _true_ stories. This collection +will contain only true stories, and has been written by one who was an +intimate friend, as she says, of each of these interesting creatures. + +It has taken several years to collect them, and they are being prepared +and illustrated with the greatest care. + +We publish one story as a supplement, and will be very glad if our readers +will let us know if it pleases them. + +We are constantly having new books sent in to us. We would like to have +our subscribers read the books, and write us what they think of them. +Letters of this kind will be printed in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD from time to +time. Any of our subscribers who have had a letter about some book +published may become a "reader"--that is, new books will be given them to +read, and write an account of. If the account is well-enough written to be +published, the book may be kept; and others will be sent from time to time +for criticism of this kind. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +Some lover of the wheel, who evidently cannot bear to lose the pleasure of +wheeling even when the snow lies thick on the ground, has invented a +sleigh attachment. This is a runner fastened beneath the driving-wheel of +the bicycle. + +[Illustration] + +What a great thing this will be! Fancy wheeling away over the snow, +propelling our wheels as fast as the pedals can make us go. + +The bicyclists ought to be very happy this year; so many clever brains are +working for their comfort and pleasure. + +[Illustration] + +All who ride have been troubled at times what to do with the bicycles when +they are standing still. + +It may be there is damp grass, which would make it impossible to lay the +precious wheel down; or there may be a thousand other little +inconveniences. + +Some one has come to the aid of the bicyclist, and invented a bicycle +support, which can be secured to the machine, and raised at will, so as +not to interfere with the wheel when in motion. It is just the thing all +bicyclists have been longing for. + +[Illustration] + +Another busy brain has been at work in anticipation of the summer, and the +glorious time in store, riding along the country roads. + +[Illustration] + +An umbrella support is the result. It consists of an attachment composed +of portions which can be connected or removed at will. + +What a boon it will be, on a hot summer's day, to have an umbrella +comfortably held over one's head, while the hands are free to guide the +wheel! + + + + +FIRST BOUND VOLUMES + +OF.... + +=The Great Round World= + +_Containing Nos. 1 to 15_ + +=WILL BE READY MARCH 20TH= + +THESE VOLUMES WILL BE IN STRONG CLOTH, WITH TITLE ON BACK AND SIDE, WITH A +HANDSOME DESIGN.... + +=Price, Postage Paid, $1.25= + +Subscribers wishing their numbers bound will send them (express paid), +enclosing 35 cents to cover cost of binding. Missing numbers or +supplements will be supplied until exhausted, at regular price. + + * * * * * + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + + _3 & 5 West 18th Street, New York City_ + + + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +NATURAL HISTORY + +STORIES. + +A Series of True Stories + +BY + +JULIA TRUITT BISHOP. + +Attractively Illustrated by Barnes. + + * * * * * + +These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription +price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND +WORLD. 19. + + * * * * * + + =Author's Preface.= + + The stories published in this little volume have been issued + from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the + request of many readers that they now greet the world in more + enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested, + during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the + friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and + "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and + "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have + watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their + ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to + other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these + friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,= + + =3 & 5 West 18th Street.= + + * * * * * + +=KLEMMS'= + +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ··· New York City_= + + * * * * * + + +=Evolution of Empire Series= + +UNITED STATES + +BY + +MARY PLATT PARMELE + +AUTHOR OF + +="Who? When? What?" "France," "Germany," "England," Etc.= + + Price, + Post-paid + 75 Cents + + * * * * * + +_From New York Sun Editorial Dec._ 30, 1896. + +In too many of the little school histories there is but a tedious, bare +narrative of apparently unconnected facts, and there is a profitless +rigmarole of dates and names: but when the sequence of cause and effect is +not obscured, and form and life are given to the actors, and the +development of events and institutions is traced, the story of the United +States becomes, as it should become, the most, fascinating as it is the +most important of histories to Americans; and whatever in historical +inquiry and writing promotes accuracy, adds detail, and clears up +obscurity, increases the worth and the, charm of the work. + +W.B. Harison has published in his "Evolution of Empire" series, a brief +historical sketch of the United States, by Mary Platt Parmele, whose other +volumes in the series have received cordial praise. In this book one finds +the story of our country told in about 300 pages, and very interestingly +is it written. The book leaves out the innumerable incidents and figures +which are of great importance to students, but which are not necessary in +a book for general reading, and presents the narrative in a graphic +manner, in which the interest of the reader never flags. The book is bound +in blue buckram and costs but 75 cents. The other volumes in the series +deal with the histories of France, England, and Germany, in the same +brilliant vein.--_Hartford Post._ + +Its value does not lie in the multitude of facts which it contains, but +rather in the lucid, natural way in which a few really important facts are +presented and grouped, and in the stimulus which it imparts to a rational +study of our country's history.--_The Review of Reviews._ + +In "The Evolution of an Empire," Mary Platt Parmele has endeavored to give +in outline the story of the discovery, settlement, and development of the +United States of America, touching only upon vital points and excluding +all detail. The task has been a most difficult one on account of the +constant temptation to deal with matters of minor importance. The author +has, however, succeeded in making a very acceptable book.--_Boston +Transcript._ + +The latest issue in the "Evolution of an Empire" series is Mary Platt +Parmele's "History of the United States." It is a short and simple +outline, which presents in a book of about 300 pages the main facts of our +national history, and a very fair and judicial presentment it is, too. +While the general reader will find it of interest, it has been prepared +more particularly for the young, who are easily wearied by the prolix +details which encumber so many of the histories prepared for them. Mrs. +Parmele very truly remarks that the child, bewildered in a labyrinth of +unfamiliar names and events, fails to grasp the main lines and soon +dislikes history, simply because he has been studying, not with a thinking +mind, but with one overtaxed faculty, memory, intended to be the humble +handmaid of the higher faculties. In the work under consideration, she +begins with the first voyage of Columbus and brings us down to the +principal events of 1893; she is sparing of details, and has merely +skeletonized her theme, adding sufficient of incident, to avoid dryness. +It seems a meritorious and well-prepared work, and a chronological table +adds to its value.--_The Detroit Free Press._ + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON= + =3 and 5 West 18th St.--44 East 49th St.= + =NEW YORK CITY= + + + + + + +SUPPLEMENT TO +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + * * * * * + +THE INAUGURATION. + +We have a new President. + +March 4th, William McKinley was duly inaugurated as Chief Officer of our +country. + +For once the weather was perfect, and everybody was in the best of good +humor, and up early to see the sights. At about ten o'clock Major McKinley +was escorted from his hotel to the White House by a company of soldiers. + +Here he was received by Mr. Cleveland, who up to the very last moment was +busy writing and attending to the final duties of his office. + +The members of Mr. Cleveland's Cabinet also came to pay their respects to +the President-elect. After the greetings were over, Mr. Cleveland and +Major McKinley walked out on the porch side by side, ready to make their +journey to the Capitol. + +As they passed down the steps through the crowd that was waiting to see +them, every hat came off, and the spectators stood bareheaded as the two +most important men in the country passed before them. + +The state carriage, drawn by four horses, was waiting for them; stepping +into it, they started on their trip to the Capitol. + +The streets through which the carriage passed were thronged with people, +who cheered and yelled, some even dancing up and down in their excitement. + +There was a trifling accident to the President's carriage in the course of +the journey, but it did not delay the procession much, and, except for the +excitement it caused, would hardly have been noticed. + +One of the rear horses slipped and fell, and in his fall broke one of the +silver links that held the traces. It was mended in less time than it +takes to tell about it, but every one feared that some accident had +happened to the Presidents, and for a few minutes there was a good deal of +galloping back and forth, and excitement among the leaders of the +procession. + +As soon as the trace was mended the procession swept on, and reached the +Capitol without further delay. + +An interesting part of the parade was the squad of soldiers on bicycles +which brought up the rear. + +Inside the Capitol all was excitement, for the President and +President-elect were to be received in the Senate Chamber. + +As a rule, the Senators and their desks spread out in a semicircle round +the raised dais on which is the Speaker's chair, and they take up pretty +much the whole of the Chamber. + +On inauguration days the desks disappear, and the Senators are seated in +rows on one side. On this occasion they were placed on the right of the +chamber, packed just as closely together as they could be. + +All the galleries of the Senate were also closely packed with the +families of the Ambassadors and Ministers, and the friends of the +Senators. In a place set apart for them were Major McKinley's family and +friends, amongst them being his wife and his mother, Mrs. Nancy Allison +McKinley, a bright, active old lady, over eighty years of age. + +The Senators being in their places, the President of the Senate gave one +stroke of his gavel, and immediately the doors of the Senate were thrown +open, and the usher of the Senate announced: + +"The Ambassadors of foreign countries." + +All the Senators rose to their feet, and in filed the Ambassadors in full +diplomatic dress. + +Their dress-coats and trousers were decorated with gold bullion, they +carried their white-feathered, three-cornered hats in their hands, and +across their shoulders, from left to right, were sashes of colored satin, +according to their rank or their country--pink, white, yellow, and red +satin. + +They were ushered to seats in front of the Vice-President's dais, and +almost immediately the doors were again thrown open and the page +announced: + +"The Ministers of foreign countries." + +The Senators again rose, and in walked the Ministers, and were ushered to +their seats. + +All wore the full diplomatic costume, which, as you will see, varies +considerably according to the Minister's country. The Chinese Minister +wore a slate-colored, figured silk, his official hat being of black velvet +with a red silk crown. The Turkish Minister was dressed in black +broadcloth and white satin, all covered with gold embroidery, and wore the +national red fez as a hat. The Japanese Minister wore dark clothes +magnificently embroidered in gold. The Coreau Minister had a loose robe +of sea-green silk with a tortoise-shell belt. The Austrian Minister wore +the beautiful Hungarian costume, with the short cloak hanging from the +shoulder. + +The Ministers appear from all accounts to have made a most gorgeous group +with their jewels and their gold embroidery and their orders and colored +dresses, making a strong contrast to the simple, ordinary dress of the +Senators. + +After these persons, the Judges of the Supreme Court were announced; then +came the members of the House of Representatives, headed by their speaker; +then President Cleveland's Cabinet; and then the whole house rose to +receive the Vice-President-elect of the United States, Mr. Garret A. +Hobart, of New Jersey. He had no sooner arrived in his place, than the +usher made the important announcement of the day: + +"The President and the President-elect of the United States." + +Down the aisle came Mr. Cleveland and Mr. McKinley, side by side. + +The whole assembly remained standing until the two Presidents had taken +their seats, and then the official proceedings of the day commenced. + +Mr. Hobart took his oath of office as Vice-President of the United States. + +The former Vice-President then made a farewell speech to the Senate, and +handed his gavel to Mr. Hobart. The gavel is a little ivory or wooden +mallet used by a presiding officer to rap on a table or stone when he +wishes to gain the attention of an assembly. + +The first use made of the gavel by the incoming Vice-President was to rap +for order while the blind Chaplain of the Senate, the Reverend Dr. +Milburn, called for a blessing from on High. + +The prayer over, the Vice-President made his first address to the Senate, +and immediately after administered the oath to fifteen newly elected +Senators. The little bustle of people leaving the galleries while this +latter was proceeding, showed that the great moment had come--and it was +time to inaugurate the new President. + +The President always takes the oath of office on the porch of the +Capitol--in full view of the people--and so, the work in the Senate being +finished, the two Presidents walked side by side out to the eastern front +of the building. + +As soon as the Judges, Senators, and Congressmen had taken their places on +the stand provided for them, Chief Justice Fuller came forward to the +little enclosure which had been railed off and fitted with two great +leathern arm-chairs for Major McKinley and Mr. Cleveland. + +He told Mr. McKinley that it was time to take his oath of office: and +standing bareheaded, his hand resting on the Bible, William McKinley swore +to be true and faithful to the great trust he was receiving from the +people. + +His oath being taken, he kissed the Bible, and the ceremony was complete. +He is the twenty-fifth President of the United States of America. + +The moment had now come for the new President to deliver the inaugural +address. Great anxiety has been felt about this speech, because it was +expected that it would give the people some idea of the way Major +McKinley meant to treat the several questions that are vexing us at the +present time. + +He opened his speech with these beautiful words: + + "FELLOW CITIZENS:--In obedience to the will of the people, and + in their presence, by the authority vested in me by this oath, I + assume the arduous and responsible duties of President of the + United States, relying on the support of my countrymen and + invoking the guidance of Almighty God. Our faith teaches that + there is no safer reliance than upon the God of our fathers, who + has so singularly favored the American people in every national + trial, and who will not forsake us so long as we obey His + commandments and walk humbly in His footsteps." + +He then took up the subject of _Money_, and said that he thought the +Government wanted to look closely into the Treasury matters, and devise a +means whereby we might be able to have as much money as we needed in +circulation, without having to keep the enormous reserve of gold, which +costs us such ruinous interest every year. + +He would like to have all the laws relating to the coining of money and +banking of money carefully revised, and to put our money system on such a +sound basis that it will not be threatened with change at each change of +party. + +He said that he hoped to make the other Powers of the world agree with him +about the wisdom of bimetalism--which means the equal use of silver and +gold. Many of our present troubles have been supposed to come from the +fact that we cannot pay our debts to foreign countries in silver, but only +in gold, and that we have not enough gold to pay all the debts we owe, +and so we are obliged to borrow gold from these foreign countries at +ruinous interest, to pay back again to them. + +President McKinley hopes that we may arrange with other countries to take +silver or gold equally the one with the other, just whichever happens to +be most plentiful at the time. + +He went on to say that we must be economical, and try to reduce our +national debt, and that the Government should not be allowed to spend more +than its income, but that if it was necessary to increase the income to +meet the just expenses of pensions for soldiers and sailors who had fought +for us, and for the widows and orphans of the brave men who died for our +country, he thought the money should not be raised by loans, which put the +country still more deeply into debt, but by taxes, whereby each man could +take his share of the expense of the Government which protected his home. + +He then spoke about the _Tariff_, and said that the tariff laws which he +hoped to see made would bring in enough money to supply all needs, without +directly taxing the people--which was a thing he did not approve of, +except in time of war. The tariff is a tax put on all foreign products +brought into this country. + +He then touched upon _Trusts_, and very severely, too. He approved +entirely of the efforts that had been made by Mr. Cleveland's Government +to suppress trusts, and he said that his Government would follow +steadfastly in its footsteps--enforcing the laws that already existed, and +making such new ones as were necessary. + +He spoke about _Immigration_. President Cleveland vetoed the immigration +bill, about which we were speaking; but President McKinley approves of +restricting immigration, and will probably sign the bill if it is brought +before him. + +One very interesting point that he touched on was the subject of _American +Merchant Marine_. + +At the present time we have so few of our own ships sailing the seas, that +we can be said to have no merchant marine at all. The ships that crowd our +ports are from foreign countries. + +President McKinley said he would like Congress to take the matter in hand, +and assist in restoring our merchant navy to its former greatness. + +Then he spoke on _Foreign Policy_. This is also a very interesting +subject, because it shows us the attitude President McKinley will take +toward poor little Cuba. + +He said he believed in peace and friendship with other countries, and that +war should never be entered upon until every effort for peace had failed. + +He believed in a policy of non-interference, and of leaving to foreign +countries the business of settling their own quarrels with their colonies. + +He believed, however, in being just and impartial, ever watchful of our +national honor, and always insisting on the lawful rights of our citizens +every where. + +About _Arbitration_, President McKinley said that he considered it the +only true method of settling international quarrels, and that he was in +favor of ratifying the treaty with Great Britain, and hoped the Senate +would do so at a very early date. + +He then said he should call an extra session of Congress for March 15th, +to attend to various important affairs that needed immediate attention. + +His closing words were: + +"Let me again repeat the words of the oath administered by the Chief +Justice: 'I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United +States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend +the Constitution of the United States.' This is the obligation I have +reverently taken before the Lord Most High. To keep it will be my single +purpose, my constant prayer, and I shall confidently rely upon the +forbearance and assistance of all the people in the discharge of my solemn +responsibilities." + +When the speech was made, the main work of the day was over. + +After this came the great parade; the new and old Presidents were escorted +back to the White House, in front of which a stand had been erected. From +this stand the new President reviewed the parade. + +This took two hours and a half to pass, and consisted of National +Guardsmen from every State in the Union, a division of the regular army +and navy, clubs and organizations, and a division of Indian cadets from +the Government School at Carlisle. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 19, March 18, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15404-8.txt or 15404-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/0/15404/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 19, March 18, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 18, 2005 [EBook #15404] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><a name="Page_471" id="Page_471"></a></p> + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/covera.jpg" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="subscription, date and volume"> +<tr><td align='center'><span class='smcap'>Subscription Price</span>,</td> +<td align='center'><b>MARCH 18, 1897</b></td> +<td align='left'><b>Vol. 1. <span class='smcap'>No</span>. 19</b></td></tr> + +<tr><td align='center'>$2.50 PER YEAR</td> +<td align='left'>[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter]</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/coverb.jpg"><img src="./images/coverb-tb.jpg" alt="Cover Illlustration, Globe" title="Cover Illlustration, Globe" /></a></p> + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/coverc.jpg" alt="William Beverley Harison, Publisher" title="William Beverley Harison, Publisher" /></p> +<div class='center'><b>Copyrighted 1897, By <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison</span>.</b><a name="Page_472" id="Page_472"></a></div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<h2>School Books Wanted</h2> + +<p>The following school books will be taken in exchange for subscriptions for +"Great Round World" at prices named.</p> + +<p>Send books by express prepaid. Send none which are much soiled or worn; +pages must not be torn nor missing. Mark package—"<span class='smcap'>Great Round +World</span>, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City, care William Beverley +Harison."</p> + +<p>Put your name on package and send a list by mail with your subscription +order.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><b>We can use Standard School Books of all kinds, send List of any + you may wish to dispose of.</b></p></div> + +<div class='center'><b>READERS</b></div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Readers"> +<tr><td align='left'>Barnes'</td> +<td align='left'>First,</td> +<td align='left'>20c.</td> + +<td align='left'>Second,</td> +<td align='left'>30c.</td> + +<td align='left'>Third,</td> +<td align='left'>40c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Appleton's</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>15c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>25c.</td> + +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>30c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Cyr's</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>20c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>25c.</td> +<td align='left'>"</td> +<td align='left'>30c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>New Franklin</td> + +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>20c.</td> + +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>30c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>35c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>McGuffey's Revised</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>15c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> + +<td align='left'>25c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>30c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Stickney's</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>10c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>15c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>20c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Swinton's</td> +<td align='center'>" </td> + +<td align='left'>20c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>30c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>40c.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Information</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> + +<td align='left'>30c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>30c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> + +<td align='left'>30c.</td></tr> +</table> +</div> + + +<p class='center'><b>HISTORIES, UNITED STATES</b></p> + +<div class='center'> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="History Books Wanted"> +<tr><td align='left'>Barnes'</td> +<td align='left'>Primary, 40c.</td> +<td align='left'>Large 1890 or later,</td> + +<td align='left'>75c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Eggleston's</td> +<td align='left'>First Book, 40c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>75c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Fiske's</td> +<td align='center'></td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>75c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Johnston's</td> +<td align='left'>Shorter, 40c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>75c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Montgomery's</td> + +<td align='left'>Beginner's, 30c.</td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>75c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Sheldon's</td> +<td align='left'></td> +<td align='center'>"</td> +<td align='left'>50c.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'>Thomas'</td> +<td align='left'></td> +<td align='center'>"</td> + +<td align='left'>50c.</td></tr> +</table> +</div> +<p><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473"></a></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.jpg" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>March</span> 18, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 19</b></div> + + +<p>Cuba has changed places with Greece this week, and again occupies the most +important place in men's thoughts.</p> + +<p>An American citizen who was arrested there two weeks ago has been found +dead in his cell, under very mysterious circumstances.</p> + +<p>This man was Dr. Ricardo Ruiz.</p> + +<p>He was born in Cuba, but came to the United States many years ago. He +studied dentistry in Philadelphia, lived there several years, obtained his +papers, and became an American citizen.</p> + +<p>A foreigner who wishes to become an American citizen has to go before a +judge and declare his intention of becoming a citizen of the United +States. The court then gives him what are called his "first papers."</p> + +<p>He must have lived here five years before he can become a citizen. To do +this he asks for what are called his first papers, and then he must wait +two years before he can get what are called his "second papers," which +make him a citizen of the United States, and give him all the rights and +privileges of a native-born citizen. Before the second papers are given<a name="Page_474" id="Page_474"></a> +him, he has to take an oath swearing to be a true and faithful citizen of +his new country, and he has to give up any title that he may have borne in +his former land.</p> + +<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/4.jpg"><img src="./images/4-tb.jpg" alt="Prison at Guanabacoa and Dr. Ricardo Ruiz" title="Prison at Guanabacoa and Dr. Ricardo Ruiz" /></a></p> + +<p>The oath he takes, which is called the oath of allegiance, binds him to +give up his citizenship in his former country, and to become so completely +an<a name="Page_475" id="Page_475"></a> American that if a war were to break out between his old country and +the United States, he would fight against her and for America.</p> + +<p>He went back to Cuba, after a while, and settled in Guanabacoa.</p> + +<p>Guanabacoa, if you will remember, is the town which is ruled by the cruel +Fondeviella. In Number 13 of <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> we told you +about this man, and his cruelty.</p> + +<p>It would seem that Dr. Ruiz fell a victim to Fondeviella's cruelty.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards seem to have a very spiteful feeling against Cubans who have +become American citizens.</p> + +<p>They vow vengeance against such men, and are ever on the watch to find an +excuse for arresting or punishing them.</p> + +<p>Dr. Ruiz, though he seems to have attended to his own business, and obeyed +the law in every way, interfering with no one, has been an object of +suspicion to Fondeviella for some time past, and when, on January 16th, a +train was thrown off the rails by insurgents, a few miles from Guanabacoa, +Dr. Ruiz was accused of having taken part in the outrage.</p> + +<p>He was arrested and thrown into jail.</p> + +<p>When the reason for his arrest was known, some well-known citizens of +Guanabacoa came forward, and said that they knew Dr. Ruiz was innocent. It +seems that on that very night there was a birthday party at the house of +Dr. Ruiz's father-in-law.</p> + +<p>The doctor was present, but, feeling tired, he left the party at ten +o'clock and went to his own house. Two of his friends went with him, and +sat chatting with him until after twelve o'clock.<a name="Page_476" id="Page_476"></a></p> + +<p>The train was thrown off the rails at ten-thirty, so that it was quite +impossible that Dr. Ruiz could have had any hand in the work.</p> + +<p>The authorities refused to listen to these statements made by Dr. Ruiz's +friends, and kept him shut up in a dark and filthy cell for fourteen days. +At the end of this time word came to Consul-General Lee that Dr. Ruiz had +died in prison.</p> + +<p>As he was a very strong and healthy man, the American Consul at once +suspected that he had not died a natural death.</p> + +<p>On investigation it was found that the poor fellow had died from the +effects of a blow on the head.</p> + +<p>No one knows, and probably no one ever will know, how he was killed, but +there are dark rumors that he was murdered in his cell by Fondeviella's +orders.</p> + +<p>When the Americans were going to see the cell in which poor Dr. Ruiz had +died, they were obliged to pass along a corridor lined with other cells, +in which more prisoners were confined.</p> + +<p>As they walked along this passage, several of the poor captives came to +their doors, and whispered that Ruiz had been ill-treated, and they +thought murdered. They declared that they had heard sounds of blows coming +from his cell, and that the jail had rung with the poor doctor's cries for +help.</p> + +<p>This may not be true, because Cubans shut up in jails by Spaniards are not +likely to feel very friendly toward them, and these stories may have been +invented with the hope of angering the Americans into making war on Spain.</p> + +<p>But whether these stories be true or false, it is very well known that the +Spaniards do not treat their <a name="Page_477" id="Page_477"></a>prisoners kindly, and there is good ground +for suspicion in this case.</p> + +<p>Our Consul was so disturbed by the news that was brought to him, and by +the sights that he saw in the jail, that he sent word to the government in +Washington, asking that warships be sent to Havana to protect the American +prisoners who are in Cuban jails.</p> + +<p>There have been, and still are, a number of our citizens under arrest in +Cuba, and the case of Mrs. Rodriguez, about whom you read in Number 16 of +<span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span>, followed so closely by the death of Dr. +Ruiz, has made General Lee feel that the Americans in Cuba need some +better protection than they have at present.</p> + +<p>The government however, has refused him the help he asked for, and it is +reported that the Consul-General has sent in his resignation, preferring +to give up his office rather than remain in Cuba without the power to help +his countrymen.</p> + +<p>This news has created the greatest excitement. The government denies that +it is true, and declares that General Lee has neither asked for warships +nor sent in his resignation. But signed telegrams come from Havana, +stating that the whole matter is quite true, and that the General cabled +his resignation, so that there might be no delay in its reaching our +government.</p> + +<p>Both Houses of Congress are demanding to be told the whole truth about the +matter. Senators, who, as a rule, are very loyal to the government, are +asking for explanations, and insisting that all the papers and letters in +Mr. Olney's hands that relate to the subject shall be given to the +Senate.<a name="Page_478" id="Page_478"></a></p> + +<p>Havana is also highly excited. The report that General Lee had asked for +warships set the Spaniards afire. They threatened, and raged, and became +so angry and indignant that the Marquis de Ahumada, the governor of +Havana, was afraid that riots would break out.</p> + +<p>He therefore sent for the colonels of the various volunteer troops in the +city, and assured them that the reports were altogether false, and that +Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Olney were the faithful friends of Spain.</p> + +<p>Despite the governor's proclamation, the Spaniards openly declare that if +an American man-of-war enters Havana harbor they will attack the American +Consulate, and declare war on the United States.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile, people are wondering what turn Cuban affairs will take, after +they are in the hands of the new President.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards declare that Major McKinley will follow in the footsteps of +Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Olney, and do nothing at all.</p> + +<p>In Washington it is said that great changes will be made. While war will +not be declared on Spain, warships will be sent to Cuba to protect our +citizens there, and the United States Navy will no longer be kept doing +police work for Spain by preventing filibustering.</p> + +<p>One thing, however, is sure. Dr. Ruiz's death will be closely inquired +into.</p> + +<p>General Lee's prompt and manly action has been of some little help to +another poor American confined in a Cuban jail.</p> + +<p>This second prisoner is a Mr. Charles Scott, who <a name="Page_479" id="Page_479"></a>is accused of having +some postage stamps in his possession that were issued by the insurgent +government.</p> + +<p>It is the custom of the Spaniards to keep important prisoners in solitary +confinement until they have been examined by the judge. Their law says +that a prisoner shall be shut up thus closely for seventy hours, and +during that time he shall be completely cut off from the rest of the +world, and therefore at the mercy of his jailers.</p> + +<p>It was during this confinement, and while he was waiting for his +examination, that Dr. Ruiz was, if reports be true, beaten to death by the +Spaniards.</p> + +<p>Mr. Scott was also waiting for his examination, but General Lee, fearing +that he, too, might "happen to die" in his prison, made such a clamor for +his release, that he has been put with the other prisoners, and where his +friends can see him.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Fighting still continues in Crete, and it seems as if the Powers were +really sincere in their wish to make Greece keep the peace.</p> + +<p>Colonel Vassos has been doing some fine work as commander of the Corps of +Occupation. He has attacked fort after fort, and has won several victories +over the Turks.</p> + +<p>Encouraged by his success, he decided to advance on Canea.</p> + +<p>No sooner was word of his advance brought to the city, than the admirals +in command of the various fleets set out for the Greek camp, and had a +talk with Colonel Vassos.</p> + +<p>They would not tell what had passed, but on their <a name="Page_480" id="Page_480"></a>return to Canea they +sent to the commander of the Greek fleet, and asked him to call on them.</p> + +<p>When this gentleman met the admirals, they were all assembled together, +and had evidently been talking the situation over. They informed him, as +the result of their conference, that if Colonel Vassos did attack the +city, the allied fleets of the Powers would fire upon him and drive him +away.</p> + +<p>The same message was sent to Colonel Vassos.</p> + +<p>In spite of it, he advanced upon Canea, and the morning after the warning +had been received his troops began to fire upon the town.</p> + +<p>Immediately, the admirals of the fleets in the harbor ordered the decks of +their ships to be cleared for action, and fired their guns upon the +Greeks.</p> + +<p>After a short while, the Greeks, finding that they could not stand against +the terrible fire from the big guns, became disheartened, and withdrew.</p> + +<p>The moment the Greek flag was hauled down, the ships stopped firing.</p> + +<p>A good deal of indignation has been felt that Christian Powers should +interfere to uphold the misrule of infidels, but the Great Powers say they +are acting for the best interests of Europe.</p> + +<p>It seems quite sure that they do not mean to leave the Cretans under the +care of the Sultan of Turkey.</p> + +<p>The latest news tells us that Greece has once more been ordered to leave +Crete, and that this time she has agreed to do so, provided that the +island be made independent.</p> + +<p>Lord Salisbury, the Prime Minister of England, suggested that Crete should +be given home rule under the governorship of a Greek prince, and thus <a name="Page_481" id="Page_481"></a>far +the rest of the Powers are willing to agree with him.</p> + +<p>Nothing will be done until the Greek troops have been made to leave Crete, +and this may not be so easy to accomplish. Word comes from Athens that the +people are not at all pleased with the idea of home rule for Crete. They +want the island to be joined to Greece, and would rather fight for it, +than give it up. It is very natural that they should feel this way.</p> + +<p>If the people of some near-by country were almost all Americans and +relations of ours, and were cruelly treated by their rulers, we would feel +just as the Greeks do. There is hardly a family in Greece which has not +suffered wrong from the Turks. It is but natural that they fight for their +brothers, the Cretans.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>In Number 14 of <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span>, we spoke of the massacre +of a number of white men in Africa by the King of Benin. We told how the +Queen of England had ordered her soldiers to punish the African king for +his cruelty.</p> + +<p>News has just come that the soldiers sent by England have captured Benin +City, and that its king, Drunami, is fleeing before his angry foes.</p> + +<p>A part of the soldiers remained in Benin to hold the city, and the rest +went in pursuit of the king. They expect to take him prisoner, and if they +succeed in doing so, they will keep him a captive, to prevent any more of +his cruel outbreaks.</p> + +<p>The English must be very glad to have Benin in their possession, because +the king used to send out parties of his warriors to lay waste all the +country round about the city. He would attack and capture <a name="Page_482" id="Page_482"></a>the trading +parties carrying ivory to the coast, and would bring the traders back +within the walls of Benin, to torture and kill them in cruel and savage +ways.</p> + +<p>His city was so strongly fortified that none of the surrounding tribes +dared to attack it, and he had things pretty much his own way.</p> + +<p>So sure was he of the strength of his walls, and the cleverness of his +warriors, that he laughed at the idea of the Queen of England punishing +him for his wicked deeds, and waited for the soldiers to come to Benin, +expecting to be able to make very short work of them.</p> + +<p>Now, however, he has learned that there are greater and more powerful +monarchs than the King of Benin, and that his boasted stronghold was of no +account when attacked by a clever foe. Obliged to flee for his life, +leaving his city in ruins behind him, Drunami, King of Benin, is learning +that he is not so great or powerful as he thought he was. It will probably +be a very useful lesson to him, and make him a better man.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A very curious law case has just come to an end in France.</p> + +<p>It is such a silly case, that it seems strange that the French lawyers +waste their time over it.</p> + +<p>The Duke of Anjou and the Duke of Orleans each claim the right to the +title of King of France.</p> + +<p>The lawyers on both sides argued and struggled over the matter with all +seriousness.</p> + +<p>The Duke of Anjou did not want the Duke of Orleans to call himself the +head of the Royal Family of France, nor did he want him to have the right +to <a name="Page_483" id="Page_483"></a>use the royal shield of France as his coat of arms. Only the King of +France has a right to use the lilies of France, or fleurs-de-lis, as they +are called, on his shield.</p> + +<p>The Duke of Anjou was, further, much troubled lest the Duke of Orleans +should have the right to sign his proclamations with his first name only, +after the manner of kings.</p> + +<p>After many a legal wrangle, and many a fine argument, the court finally +gave its opinion that the Duke of Anjou had lost his case for the +following very good reasons:</p> + +<p>First, because there is no longer a King of France—France being now a +republic.</p> + +<p>Second, because the title of King of France is not one that can be handed +down from father to son, like other titles. It is the sole property of the +ruler of the kingdom of France. France being no longer a kingdom, it has +no king, and therefore nobody has the right to the title at all.</p> + +<p>Third, because there being no longer a kingdom of France, nor a king of +France, nobody has any especial right to use the coat of arms of the king. +The court was of opinion that anybody may use it who feels inclined.</p> + +<p>Fourth, because there being no longer a kingdom of France nor a king, +neither of the quarrelling dukes has any need to issue proclamations. If +they do issue them, no one will take any notice of them, and therefore the +court cannot see that it is anybody's business what name is signed to +them. The Duke of Anjou has no right to interfere with the Duke of +Orleans' signature as a private individual, and therefore the <a name="Page_484" id="Page_484"></a>court +refuses to dictate to the Duke of Orleans how he shall sign his letters, +whether with his first, his last, or with all of his names.</p> + +<p>The court therefore ordered the Duke of Anjou to pay all the costs of the +trial, and dismissed the case.</p> + +<p>Does it not seem absurd for two grown men to quarrel about a title which +neither of them has the slightest use for?</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>On the 1st of January, 1897, a new law went into force, forbidding the +convicts in State's prisons to do any other work than hard labor for the +benefit of the State.</p> + +<p>Up to the time of passing this law, when a prisoner went to jail, the +warden found out the work for which he was best suited, and gave him +employment of that nature.</p> + +<p>A convict who was a good accountant would be put to keeping the books. A +shoemaker would be set to mending and working in the shoe-shop. A +bricklayer would be put to building and repairing, and so on.</p> + +<p>The new law stops this system entirely.</p> + +<p>Hard labor means lifting stones, digging, building walls, and work of that +kind.</p> + +<p>If there are no prison buildings to be made, and no heavy work to be +undertaken for the State, the prisoners must remain idle.</p> + +<p>To the convicts, idleness is the most cruel punishment that they can be +given. They have nothing to interest or amuse them, nothing to think of +but their own sad lives; they cannot speak to each other, as talking is +absolutely forbidden, so taking their work from them is a very great +cruelty.<a name="Page_485" id="Page_485"></a></p> + +<p>Since the law first went into effect, some of the convicts have become so +unhappy that they have lost their reason.</p> + +<p>The wardens, seeing how their prisoners were suffering, have been much +troubled, and have all been trying to think of some means of exercising or +drilling, which will interest the convicts, and make up to them for the +work they have lost.</p> + +<p>There have been so many complaints about convicts being allowed to do work +that honest men can earn money by, that little by little all employment +has been taken from them.</p> + +<p>A very good change has been made in the management of the prisons in New +York State, by General Austin Lathrop, the Superintendent of Prisons.</p> + +<p>It has long been felt by people who have given serious thought to the +matter, that it was wrong to mix all the criminals together. It was +thought that men who had been dishonest should not be put with men who had +tried to kill, or were guilty of other awful crimes. Many people have +thought that some difference in the class of the prisoners should be made.</p> + +<p>The law does make a difference: some criminals are only given short +sentences, while others have very long ones.</p> + +<p>But the jail makes no difference whatever. Once within the prison walls, +all convicts are treated in the same way.</p> + +<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/16.jpg"><img src="./images/16-tb.jpg" alt="STATE PRISON, SING SING." title="STATE PRISON, SING SING." /></a></p> + +<p>General Lathrop's plan alters all this. He takes into account that some +people commit crimes through ignorance, some through weakness, and some +through wickedness. He thinks that the first two classes of <a name="Page_486" id="Page_486"></a><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487"></a>convicts +should be carefully separated from the really bad criminals.</p> + +<p>His plan is to divide all the convicts in the prisons into separate +groups.</p> + +<p>Group A is to consist of those who are serving their first term of +imprisonment, and who may therefore be supposed to have been led into +crime by others, and not to be so wicked but that a chance remains of +turning them back into the paths of goodness and honesty.</p> + +<p>Group B will be made up of men who have been in prison once before, and +for whom there is still hope that they may reform.</p> + +<p>Group C will take in the men who have served more than one term of +imprisonment, and whose reform is very doubtful, but even they will be +separated from.</p> + +<p>Group D, into which will be put the hardened criminals, who are to be kept +apart, that they may not harm the more innocent prisoners.</p> + +<p>The different groups will be kept entirely separated, and those who are +young in crime will never come across the old offenders.</p> + +<p>The first group will have the greatest care from the prison officials. +Every effort will be made to guide its members into better ways of life. +They will be looked after by a physician, who will give them plenty of +exercise and training to make their bodies strong. There will be a regular +system for educating them, and training their minds into the knowledge +that to be happy they must be good, and that sensible men will obey the +law.</p> + +<p>When they are sent back into the world after their <a name="Page_488" id="Page_488"></a>term of imprisonment +is over, they will have learned how to be useful and honest men, and every +effort will be made to help them to lead good lives.</p> + +<p>The next, Group B, and also Group C, will be treated in much the same sort +of way as Group A, except that these groups will be disciplined more +severely than the first one.</p> + +<p>Little time will be wasted over Group D. The men in it will be treated in +the ordinary way, and the only especial attention they will get will be to +see that they are never mixed with the other groups.</p> + +<p>It is hoped that, through these means, many men who are not really +criminals at heart may be brought back to decency and good citizenship.</p> + +<p>New York State is not alone in this desire to reform its criminals.</p> + +<p>Last year, two Houses of Reform were established in Kentucky, one for boys +and one for girls. These prisons are situated in healthy parts of the +country, and they are built on what is called the "Cottage Family Plan." +This means that they are divided into cottages, each of which holds about +twenty-six criminals. Locks, bolts, and bars are not used any more than +necessary. Each cottage is in the care of a matron, who has orders to keep +it as much like a home as possible.</p> + +<p>The young prisoners are taught to be good citizens, and the result has +been very fine.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We were talking about right whales not very long ago. Now, if we may +believe what we hear, a fine large right whale has been caught off the +Long Island coast, and the fishermen are highly pleased.<a name="Page_489" id="Page_489"></a></p> + +<p>It seems that one of the beach patrol caught sight of some whales out at +sea. Hurrying to the telephone, he called up the Life-Saving Station at +Amagansett, and handed on the news.</p> + +<p>The whole fishing population of Amagansett immediately turned out, and in +a few minutes five boats were launched, and were quickly in pursuit of the +whales.</p> + +<p>A good many of the Amagansett men were old whalers, so they knew exactly +what to do, and soon coming up with a fine young whale, they succeeded in +harpooning him. Three of the five boats reached the scene in time to +harpoon the whale, at the same time, and then the trouble began.</p> + +<p>A harpoon is a sort of a spear, to which a long rope is attached. This +spear is hurled at the whale by a sailor who stands in the bow of the +boat; it has a barbed end, like that of a fish-hook, and if it once gets +into the flesh of a whale it will hold fast, and the struggles of the +great fish cannot pull it out.</p> + +<p>The line attached to the harpoon is held fast by the men in the boat, and +as the whale, in his pain and fright, plunges, dives, and swims about to +get away from the spear that is hurting him, the boat and the men in it +are dragged after him wherever he goes.</p> + +<p>The men of Amagansett were at first very proud that three boats had +succeeded in getting near enough for their occupants to strike the whale.</p> + +<p>But their pride did not last long. Ere two minutes had passed, each +boat-load was wishing that they had left the whale to the other, and +everybody was as busy as could be blaming his neighbor.<a name="Page_490" id="Page_490"></a></p> + +<p>The trouble was that the harpoons had all been well thrown, and all had +stuck fast—too fast, for when the whale gave a mighty plunge, and set off +for the North Pole, at the rate of sixty miles an hour, all the three +boats, which were attached to him by their harpoon ropes, went bumping +along after him, in a terrible confusion of ropes, reproaches, and bad +language.</p> + +<p>The whale sped along. The bows of the boats which were flying in his wake +were lifted high in the air, and the spray flew on every side, till it was +like a morning mist.</p> + +<p>No one would let go his rope. Each man was sure his harpoon was the first +thrown; so with hearts full of fury and fear, the brave whalers of +Amagansett sped onward till they had made about six miles on their trip to +the North Pole.</p> + +<p>Then the whale changed his mind, decided that the South Pole was nearer +than the North, and, veering round, came charging down upon the boats.</p> + +<p>There was consternation among the whalers!</p> + +<p>One flip of the monster's great tail would have sent them all to a watery +grave. They could not separate because of their twisted ropes, so, with a +few more compliments to each other, they got ready for the fight.</p> + +<p>Before the whale had had time to do any serious harm, an old man, who had +fought many such big fish in his day, seized another harpoon, plunged it +into the whale's side, and finished the business.</p> + +<p>After churning the water with his tail till the whole surface looked like +soapsuds, the whale gave up the fight, and was towed in to shore.</p> + +<p>Imagine the delight of the heroes of Amagansett, when <a name="Page_491" id="Page_491"></a>they found that +their prize was a right whale, with about 800 pounds of bone in his mouth.</p> + +<p>His value is supposed to be about two thousand dollars; this will be +equally divided among the men who caught the prize.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A new Immigration Bill has passed through Congress.</p> + +<p>It provides that no one who is over sixteen years of age shall be allowed +to come into the country if not able to read. The bill passed both Houses, +and was sent to President Cleveland for his signature.</p> + +<p>Some people thought that he would not sign the bill, because it is good +for us to let all the immigrants into the country who want to come. Others +hope that he did sign it, because they think we ought to be very careful +about the kind of people we allow to enter our country, and share its +privileges with us.</p> + +<p>The present immigration laws are very strict. Every foreigner who comes to +our shores has to satisfy the authorities at Ellis Island as to his +worthiness, before he can be allowed to land.</p> + +<p>Ellis Island is in New York harbor, and is used solely for the handling of +immigrants.</p> + +<p>Every ship that carries immigrants is obliged to furnish the authorities +at Ellis Island with lists of these passengers, and full information about +them. The steerage passengers are landed at Ellis Island, the lists are +given to the clerks, and the immigrants have to pass before these clerks, +and answer all their questions before they are allowed to enter our +country.</p> + +<p>Before they come to the desks where the clerks sit, they have to pass two +by two before some doctors, who <a name="Page_492" id="Page_492"></a>watch very carefully to see if there are +any lame or deformed persons among them. If any such are found, the +doctors separate them from the rest, and they are carefully examined to +see what their trouble is.</p> + +<p>If it is serious, and they are cripples, and not able to earn their own +living, they are not allowed to come into the country, but are sent back +where they came from, at the expense of the steamship company.</p> + +<p>In Spain and Italy, and indeed in many of the European countries, there +are an amazing number of cripples who make their living by begging. These +professional beggars are a dirty, shiftless set of people, a disgrace and +a danger to the countries they live in.</p> + +<p>If we allowed them to enter our country it would greatly increase our +taxes and expenses, for we do not allow begging, and so, as the poor +unfortunates must have food and shelter, we would send them to our +almshouses, and have to pay to support them. So it is forbidden to allow +cripples, or people incapable of earning their own living, to come into +the country.</p> + +<p>While the doctors are watching for cripples, they also examine the +immigrants carefully, to see that they have not any kind of sickness. Only +healthy immigrants are allowed to land, sick people being sent back.</p> + +<p>When the immigrants have passed the doctors, they then reach the clerks, +who must be satisfied that they have money, or friends in the country, +before they give them permission to land.</p> + +<p>People who come without money are divided from the rest, and are taken +before a board of inquiry.<a name="Page_493" id="Page_493"></a></p> + +<p>Here they are asked why they came to the country. If they have friends who +have sent for them, and who agree to feed and shelter them, they are +allowed to pass. If no friends come for them, they are kept on Ellis +Island till their friends are found; and if no friends are found, they are +sent back to their own country.</p> + +<p>When they have been passed from Ellis Island the immigration law has not +done with them. The law says that no charity shall be given to an +immigrant who has been in this country for less than a year. Any person +who asks for help, and has been less than a year over here, is sent back +to Ellis Island, and from thence he is carried back to his own country by +the same steamship company that brought him.</p> + +<p>So you see that the laws are almost strict enough now, and the immigrants +who succeed in passing through Ellis Island are a good, solid class of +people, who are likely to become worthy citizens.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Did you ever hear a singing mouse?</p> + +<p>A man wrote a long story to <i>The Sun</i>, a few days ago, telling how he was +awakened one night, and frightened out of his wits by hearing a noise like +the peeping of a chicken in the adjoining room.</p> + +<p>He got up and lit the gas, and saw a little brown mouse run across the +floor.</p> + +<p>He set a trap, caught the mouse, which was no sooner in the trap than it +began to sing. The man whistled to it, and the little creature replied.</p> + +<p>The man did not seem to realize that he had found a great prize, but +pretending that his wife was afraid of the mouse, he drowned it in a pail +of water.<a name="Page_494" id="Page_494"></a></p> + +<p>When it was safely dead, he began to search through his encyclopedia to +see what kind of a "beastie" he had caught. But the encyclopedia, as +studied by the good man, did not seem to be any wiser than he, and he +finally wrote a note to the newspaper for information.</p> + +<p class="figcenter"><a href="./images/24.jpg"><img src="./images/24-tb.jpg" alt="Singing Mouse" title="Singing Mouse" /></a></p> + +<p><a name="Page_495" id="Page_495"></a></p> + +<p>It is a great pity he did not keep the mouse until he had looked the +matter up, for chance had sent him a very gentle and charming little pet.</p> + +<p>His singing mouse was a deer or white-foot mouse. This mouse is found all +over the United States, and while several other kinds are known to sing, +the deer-mouse is the sweetest of the singers.</p> + +<p>These mice can be very easily tamed, and live happily in cages, like +dormice.</p> + +<p>In "Nature's Wonderland" an interesting story is told of a deer-mouse +which was a famous singer.</p> + +<p>It was owned by Dr. Lockwood, who was so pleased with its songs, that he +set them to music, and gave them names.</p> + +<p>He noticed that his mouse had certain songs for certain occasions. When +she had awakened from a long sleep, and had taken some nice food, she +would sing her great aria, which he called the "Grand Role."</p> + +<p>When she jumped into her wheel for a spin, she had another kind of song, +which he called the "Wheel Song."</p> + +<p>She had another song that she used for state occasions, and this was so +silvery and sweet, that those who heard it declared that no canary could +imitate it.</p> + +<p>It is a pity that such a pretty and curious kind of creature should have +been killed through ignorance.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 20.5em;">G</span><span class='smcap'>enie H. Rosenfeld.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>We have another true story of a singing mouse, which will be + published in "<span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> Animal + Story-Book."—<span class='smcap'>Editor</span>.</p></div> + +<p><a name="Page_496" id="Page_496"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Letters From Our Young Friends.</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor</span>: + +<p> I take <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> and like it very much. I + am interested to know what has become of Robinson Crusoe's + Island, as I have not seen anything about it lately. I hope + there will be something about it soon.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 18.5em;">Yours truly,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">N</span><span class='smcap'>ew York</span>, Feb. 19th, 1897. <span class='smcap'>Frederick</span> D.<br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>P.S.—We have a club every Saturday morning, and we read <span class='smcap'>The + Great Round World</span>.</p><br /><br /></div> + + + +<div><span class='smcap'>Dear Frederick</span>:</div> + +<p>We have had no further news about Crusoe's Island. Rest assured that we +will tell our young friends when anything more is heard of or from the +island of Juan Fernandez. <span class='smcap'>The Editor</span>.<br /><br /></p> + + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Mr. Editor</span>: + +<p>I have of late become deeply interested in your delightful little paper, +<span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span>, and as I saw many of the enthusiastic +readers writing to you, and asking different requests, I thought I would +follow their example. I use your little book for different purposes. At +school we have to begin topics, and I get a great deal of information from +your little paper. I also spend many happy moments reading its contents.</p> + +<p>I wish you would send me the names of a few good books. I do not want +anything like fairy tales, but something on the order of "Six Girls," by +Miss Irving, or "Little Women"; or I would be more pleased with the names +of a few good boarding-school stories. I would also like you to explain +the relationship between Noah and Daniel Webster.</p> + +<p>Hoping I will receive an answer in a short time, I remain,</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 20em;">Your interested reader,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">C</span><span class='smcap'>incinnati</span>, O., Feb. 22d, 1897. <span class='smcap'>Grace G</span>.<br /><br /> +<a name="Page_497" id="Page_497"></a></p> + + +<div><span class='smcap'>Dear Grace</span>:</div> + +<p>We are very glad you take pleasure in <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span>, and +that you find it useful.</p> + +<p>We are told by a girl who is fond of reading, that "A World of Girls," by +Mead, is the most delightful school story ever written.</p> + +<p>"Jackanapes," "Six to Sixteen," "A Flat-Iron for a Farthing," are all +three by Mrs. Ewing, and are charming books.</p> + +<p>"An Old-Fashioned Girl," and Miss Yonge's "Pillars of the House," are both +interesting.</p> + +<p>History does not tell us of any close relationship between Noah and Daniel +Webster. <span class='smcap'>Editor.</span><br /><br /></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>Dear Editor</span>: + +<p> I tried "Sylvia's Caramels," and found them very nice.</p> + +<p> The other day I went to the Zoo. It is very nice. Chiquita is + twenty-six inches tall and twenty-six years old. She is very + cunning. She slept in a cigar-box up to the time that she was + six years old! The man that told about her said that there was + nothing she disliked more than to be called "dear little thing."</p> + +<p> You asked us to tell you about any book that we like. "Timothy's + Quest" is one of my favorite stories, by Kate Douglas Wiggin. + All her stories end well, this one especially. It is very funny, + also.</p> + +<p> Will you please send me a "Who? When? What?" chart?</p> + +<p> Wishing success to your little paper, I remain,</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 17.5em;">Your true and constant reader,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">W</span><span class='smcap'>est Newton, Mass</span>., Feb. 20th, 1897. <span class='smcap'>Clara M.B.</span><br /><br /> +</p> + +<p>Grace may perhaps find Clara's favorite story, "Timothy's Quest," +interesting to her. We are much obliged to Clara for her nice letter.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22.5em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>ditor</span>.<br /><br /> +<a name="Page_498" id="Page_498"></a><br /><br /></p> + + +<div><span style="margin-left: 2em;">D</span><span class='smcap'>ear Mr. Editor</span>:</div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p> It's Washington's Birthday, and a very gloomy day, too. I + haven't anything to do, and mamma is in a great state of things, + so I thought I would write, which I never like to do.</p> + +<p> Well, you know there is a lot of cruelty going on all around the + world.</p> + +<p> Just think, in the summer time, how animals suffer, poor things. + But I cannot do a thing. I just have to see and hear about it.</p> + +<p> Now there goes a horse-car driver whipping his horse, and here's + a man pulling the reins so the poor creature's head is bent way + back and his lip bleeding. I do beg you to write something in + your paper about it, but don't say who told you to, for all the + children whom I know that get your paper would laugh at me; but + if you don't tell them they will think it all right. I'll tell + you what to write: just something to ask them to be good to + animals; and tell them some of the sufferings of animals.</p> + +<p> I don't know what to say now, so good-by.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 25.5em;">Your friend,</span><br /><br /> +</p> + + +<div><span class='smcap'>Dear Little Friend:</span></div> + +<p>We could not resist the temptation to publish your letter, though we have +not put your name to it, and so no one will guess that it comes from you. +Dear child, your gentle plea for dumb animals will do far more to make +thoughtless people care for them than any words of ours.</p> + +<p>But we will do our best to help you, and will try to have the article you +ask for written.</p> + +<p>There is a Society in New York for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, +and it publishes a lot of little books and papers telling people how to +take care of animals. You should ask your mamma to let you go <a name="Page_499" id="Page_499"></a>to the +Society's rooms at No. 10 East 22d Street, and get Mr. Haines to give some +of these books to you.</p> + +<p>When you grow up you should join the Society, and then you would be able +to do a great deal for animals. They will love you for your kind little +heart as much as we do.</p> + +<p>You might do something to help your favorites now, by getting all the boys +and girls you know to join you in forming Bands of Mercy. These are clubs +of young people who pledge themselves to be kind and helpful to all +animals.</p> + +<p>Write to Mr. J.L. Stevens, the Secretary of the American Humane Education +Society, Milk Street, Boston.</p> + +<p>Tell him <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> gave you his address, and he will +send you information about forming your club, and about the badges and +rules.</p> + +<p>You can do a great deal for suffering animals by interesting other boys +and girls in the work, and teaching them that we ought to be even kinder +to animals than we are to one another, because animals are dumb, and +cannot tell us when they suffer.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 24.5em;">E</span><span class='smcap'>ditor</span>.<br /><br /> +</p> + +<p>We have great pleasure in informing our readers that we are about to +publish a volume of "<span class='smcap'>Great Round World</span> Natural History Stories."</p> + +<p>We know how much our young friends love <i>true</i> stories. This collection +will contain only true stories, and has been written by one who was an +intimate friend, as she says, of each of these interesting creatures.</p> + +<p>It has taken several years to collect them, and they <a name="Page_500" id="Page_500"></a>are being prepared +and illustrated with the greatest care.</p> + +<p>We publish one story as a supplement, and will be very glad if our readers +will let us know if it pleases them.</p> + +<p>We are constantly having new books sent in to us. We would like to have +our subscribers read the books, and write us what they think of them. +Letters of this kind will be printed in <span class='smcap'>The Great Round World</span> +from time to time. Any of our subscribers who have had a letter about some +book published may become a "reader"—that is, new books will be given +them to read, and write an account of. If the account is well-enough +written to be published, the book may be kept; and others will be sent +from time to time for criticism of this kind.<a name="Page_501" id="Page_501"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2> + + +<p>Some lover of the wheel, who evidently cannot bear to lose the pleasure of +wheeling even when the snow lies thick on the ground, has invented a +sleigh attachment. This is a runner fastened beneath the driving-wheel of +the bicycle.</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<a href="./images/31a.jpg"><img src="./images/31a-tb.jpg" alt="Sleigh Attachment" title="Sleigh Attachment" /></a> +</div> + + +<p>What a great thing this will be! Fancy wheeling away over the snow, +propelling our wheels as fast as the pedals can make us go.</p> + +<p>The bicyclists ought to be very happy this year; so many clever brains are +working for their comfort and pleasure.</p> + + + +<p>All who ride have been troubled at times what to do with the bicycles when +they are standing still.</p> +<div class="figleft"><a href="./images/31b.jpg"><img src="./images/31b-tb.jpg" alt="Bicycle Stand" title="Bicycle Stand" /></a></div> + +<p>It may be there is damp grass, which would make it impossible to lay the +precious wheel down; or there may be a thousand other little +inconveniences.<a name="Page_502" id="Page_502"></a></p> + +<p>Some one has come to the aid of the bicyclist, and invented a bicycle +support, which can be secured to the machine, and raised at will, so as +not to interfere with the wheel when in motion. It is just the thing all +bicyclists have been longing for.</p> + + +<p>Another busy brain has been at work in anticipation of the summer, and the +glorious time in store, riding along the country roads.</p> + +<div class="figright"><a href="./images/32.jpg"><img src="./images/32-tb.jpg" alt="Bicycle Umbrella" title="Bicycle Umbrella" /></a></div> + +<p>An umbrella support is the result. It consists of an attachment composed +of portions which can be connected or removed at will.</p> + +<p>What a boon it will be, on a hot summer's day, to have an umbrella +comfortably held over one's head, while the hands are free to guide the +wheel!</p> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h3><span class='smcap'>first bound volumes</span></h3> + +<h5><span class='smcap'>of</span>....</h5> + +<h2>The Great</h2> +<h2> Round World</h2> + +<div class='center'><i>Containing Nos. 1 to 15</i></div> + +<div class='center'><b>WILL BE READY MARCH 20TH</b></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="u">THESE VOLUMES WILL BE IN STRONG CLOTH, WITH TITLE ON BACK AND SIDE, WITH A +HANDSOME DESIGN....</span></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Price, Postage Paid, $1.25</b></div> + +<p>Subscribers wishing their numbers bound will send them (express paid), +enclosing 35 cents to cover cost of binding. Missing numbers or +supplements will be supplied until exhausted, at regular price.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + + +<div class='center'> +<span class='smcap'>william beverley harison</span><br /> +<i>3 & 5 West 18th Street, New York City</i> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</h2> + +<h2>NATURAL HISTORY</h2> + +<h2>STORIES.</h2> + +<h3>A Series of True Stories</h3> + +<h4>BY</h4> + +<h3>JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.</h3> + +<h4>Attractively Illustrated by Barnes.</h4> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription +price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to <span class='smcap'>Great Round +World</span>. 19.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<h3>Author's Preface.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The stories published in this little volume have been issued +from time to time in the Philadelphia <i>Times</i>, and it is at the +request of many readers that they now greet the world in more +enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested, +during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the +friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and +"Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and +"Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have +watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their +ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to +other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these +friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,</b><br /> +<b>3 & 5 West 18th Street.</b> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/35.jpg" alt="Klemm's Relief Practice Maps" title="Klemm's Relief Practice Maps" /></p> + + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'><b>LIST OF MAPS.</b></div> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps 1"> +<tr><td align='left'>Small size, 9-1/2 x 11</td><td align='left'>{ Plain,</td><td align='left'>5</td><td align='left'>cents</td><td align='left'>each.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>{ With Waterproofed surface</td><td align='left'>10</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class='center'> +Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central States, +New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic States, +Palestine, Australia.</div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps 2"> +<tr><td align='left'>Large size, 10 x 15</td><td align='left'>{ Plain,</td><td align='left'>10 </td><td align='left'>cents</td><td align='left'> each.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>{ With Waterproofed Surface,</td><td align='left'>15</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class='center'> +United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, +North America, South America, Asia.<br /> +<br /> +(POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.)<br /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>"I would advise <b>Sunday-school teachers</b> to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, <b>Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire</b>. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."—<span class='smcap'>Mrs. Wilbur F. Crafts</span>, <i>President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States</i>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'><b>DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.</b></div> + +<p>These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)—the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +<b><i>geographical slate</i></b>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br /> +<b><i>3 & 5 W. 18th St. · · · New York City</i></b> +</div> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h2>Evolution of Empire Series</h2> + +<h3>UNITED STATES</h3> + +<h5>BY</h5> + +<h4>MARY PLATT PARMELE</h4> + +<div class='center'><b>AUTHOR OF</b><br /> +<b>"Who? When? What?" "France," "Germany," "England," Etc.</b></div> + +<div class='center'> +Price,<br /> +Post-paid<br /> +75 Cents +</div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p><i>From New York Sun Editorial Dec.</i> 30, 1896.</p> + +<p>In too many of the little school histories there is but a tedious, bare +narrative of apparently unconnected facts, and there is a profitless +rigmarole of dates and names: but when the sequence of cause and effect is +not obscured, and form and life are given to the actors, and the +development of events and institutions is traced, the story of the United +States becomes, as it should become, the most, fascinating as it is the +most important of histories to Americans; and whatever in historical +inquiry and writing promotes accuracy, adds detail, and clears up +obscurity, increases the worth and the, charm of the work.</p> + +<p>W.B. Harison has published in his "Evolution of Empire" series, a brief +historical sketch of the United States, by Mary Platt Parmele, whose other +volumes in the series have received cordial praise. In this book one finds +the story of our country told in about 300 pages, and very interestingly +is it written. The book leaves out the innumerable incidents and figures +which are of great importance to students, but which are not necessary in +a book for general reading, and presents the narrative in a graphic +manner, in which the interest of the reader never flags. The book is bound +in blue buckram and costs but 75 cents. The other volumes in the series +deal with the histories of France, England, and Germany, in the same +brilliant vein.—<i>Hartford Post.</i></p> + +<p>Its value does not lie in the multitude of facts which it contains, but +rather in the lucid, natural way in which a few really important facts are +presented and grouped, and in the stimulus which it imparts to a rational +study of our country's history.—<i>The Review of Reviews.</i></p> + +<p>In "The Evolution of an Empire," Mary Platt Parmele has endeavored to give +in outline the story of the discovery, settlement, and development of the +United States of America, touching only upon vital points and excluding +all detail. The task has been a most difficult one on account of the +constant temptation to deal with matters of minor importance. The author +has, however, succeeded in making a very acceptable book.—<i>Boston +Transcript.</i></p> + +<p>The latest issue in the "Evolution of an Empire" series is Mary Platt +Parmele's "History of the United States." It is a short and simple +outline, which presents in a book of about 300 pages the main facts of our +national history, and a very fair and judicial presentment it is, too. +While the general reader will find it of interest, it has been prepared +more particularly for the young, who are easily wearied by the prolix +details which encumber so many of the histories prepared for them. Mrs. +Parmele very truly remarks that the child, bewildered in a labyrinth of +unfamiliar names and events, fails to grasp the main lines and soon +dislikes history, simply because he has been studying, not with a thinking +mind, but with one overtaxed faculty, memory, intended to be the humble +handmaid of the higher faculties. In the work under consideration, she +begins with the first voyage of Columbus and brings us down to the +principal events of 1893; she is sparing of details, and has merely +skeletonized her theme, adding sufficient of incident, to avoid dryness. +It seems a meritorious and well-prepared work, and a chronological table +adds to its value.—<i>The Detroit Free Press.</i></p> + +<div class='center'> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br /> +<b>3 and 5 West 18th St.—44 East 49th St.</b><br /> + +<b>NEW YORK CITY</b> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/supplement.jpg" alt="SUPPLEMENT TO THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="SUPPLEMENT TO THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + + + +<h2>THE INAUGURATION.</h2> + +<p>We have a new President.<a name="Page_503" id="Page_503"></a></p> + +<p>March 4th, William McKinley was duly inaugurated as Chief Officer of our +country.</p> + +<p>For once the weather was perfect, and everybody was in the best of good +humor, and up early to see the sights. At about ten o'clock Major McKinley +was escorted from his hotel to the White House by a company of soldiers.</p> + +<p>Here he was received by Mr. Cleveland, who up to the very last moment was +busy writing and attending to the final duties of his office.</p> + +<p>The members of Mr. Cleveland's Cabinet also came to pay their respects to +the President-elect. After the greetings were over, Mr. Cleveland and +Major McKinley walked out on the porch side by side, ready to make their +journey to the Capitol.</p> + +<p>As they passed down the steps through the crowd that was waiting to see +them, every hat came off, and the spectators stood bareheaded as the two +most important men in the country passed before them.</p> + +<p>The state carriage, drawn by four horses, was wait<a name="Page_504" id="Page_504"></a>ing for them; stepping +into it, they started on their trip to the Capitol.</p> + +<p>The streets through which the carriage passed were thronged with people, +who cheered and yelled, some even dancing up and down in their excitement.</p> + +<p>There was a trifling accident to the President's carriage in the course of +the journey, but it did not delay the procession much, and, except for the +excitement it caused, would hardly have been noticed.</p> + +<p>One of the rear horses slipped and fell, and in his fall broke one of the +silver links that held the traces. It was mended in less time than it +takes to tell about it, but every one feared that some accident had +happened to the Presidents, and for a few minutes there was a good deal of +galloping back and forth, and excitement among the leaders of the +procession.</p> + +<p>As soon as the trace was mended the procession swept on, and reached the +Capitol without further delay.</p> + +<p>An interesting part of the parade was the squad of soldiers on bicycles +which brought up the rear.</p> + +<p>Inside the Capitol all was excitement, for the President and +President-elect were to be received in the Senate Chamber.</p> + +<p>As a rule, the Senators and their desks spread out in a semicircle round +the raised dais on which is the Speaker's chair, and they take up pretty +much the whole of the Chamber.</p> + +<p>On inauguration days the desks disappear, and the Senators are seated in +rows on one side. On this occasion they were placed on the right of the +chamber, packed just as closely together as they could be.</p> + +<p>All the galleries of the Senate were also closely <a name="Page_505" id="Page_505"></a>packed with the +families of the Ambassadors and Ministers, and the friends of the +Senators. In a place set apart for them were Major McKinley's family and +friends, amongst them being his wife and his mother, Mrs. Nancy Allison +McKinley, a bright, active old lady, over eighty years of age.</p> + +<p>The Senators being in their places, the President of the Senate gave one +stroke of his gavel, and immediately the doors of the Senate were thrown +open, and the usher of the Senate announced:</p> + +<p>"The Ambassadors of foreign countries."</p> + +<p>All the Senators rose to their feet, and in filed the Ambassadors in full +diplomatic dress.</p> + +<p>Their dress-coats and trousers were decorated with gold bullion, they +carried their white-feathered, three-cornered hats in their hands, and +across their shoulders, from left to right, were sashes of colored satin, +according to their rank or their country—pink, white, yellow, and red +satin.</p> + +<p>They were ushered to seats in front of the Vice-President's dais, and +almost immediately the doors were again thrown open and the page +announced:</p> + +<p>"The Ministers of foreign countries."</p> + +<p>The Senators again rose, and in walked the Ministers, and were ushered to +their seats.</p> + +<p>All wore the full diplomatic costume, which, as you will see, varies +considerably according to the Minister's country. The Chinese Minister +wore a slate-colored, figured silk, his official hat being of black velvet +with a red silk crown. The Turkish Minister was dressed in black +broadcloth and white satin, all covered with gold embroidery, and wore the +national red fez as a hat. The Japanese Minister wore dark clothes +<a name="Page_506" id="Page_506"></a>magnificently embroidered in gold. The Coreau Minister had a loose robe +of sea-green silk with a tortoise-shell belt. The Austrian Minister wore +the beautiful Hungarian costume, with the short cloak hanging from the +shoulder.</p> + +<p>The Ministers appear from all accounts to have made a most gorgeous group +with their jewels and their gold embroidery and their orders and colored +dresses, making a strong contrast to the simple, ordinary dress of the +Senators.</p> + +<p>After these persons, the Judges of the Supreme Court were announced; then +came the members of the House of Representatives, headed by their speaker; +then President Cleveland's Cabinet; and then the whole house rose to +receive the Vice-President-elect of the United States, Mr. Garret A. +Hobart, of New Jersey. He had no sooner arrived in his place, than the +usher made the important announcement of the day:</p> + +<p>"The President and the President-elect of the United States."</p> + +<p>Down the aisle came Mr. Cleveland and Mr. McKinley, side by side.</p> + +<p>The whole assembly remained standing until the two Presidents had taken +their seats, and then the official proceedings of the day commenced.</p> + +<p>Mr. Hobart took his oath of office as Vice-President of the United States.</p> + +<p>The former Vice-President then made a farewell speech to the Senate, and +handed his gavel to Mr. Hobart. The gavel is a little ivory or wooden +mallet used by a presiding officer to rap on a table or stone when he +wishes to gain the attention of an assembly.<a name="Page_507" id="Page_507"></a></p> + +<p>The first use made of the gavel by the incoming Vice-President was to rap +for order while the blind Chaplain of the Senate, the Reverend Dr. +Milburn, called for a blessing from on High.</p> + +<p>The prayer over, the Vice-President made his first address to the Senate, +and immediately after administered the oath to fifteen newly elected +Senators. The little bustle of people leaving the galleries while this +latter was proceeding, showed that the great moment had come—and it was +time to inaugurate the new President.</p> + +<p>The President always takes the oath of office on the porch of the +Capitol—in full view of the people—and so, the work in the Senate being +finished, the two Presidents walked side by side out to the eastern front +of the building.</p> + +<p>As soon as the Judges, Senators, and Congressmen had taken their places on +the stand provided for them, Chief Justice Fuller came forward to the +little enclosure which had been railed off and fitted with two great +leathern arm-chairs for Major McKinley and Mr. Cleveland.</p> + +<p>He told Mr. McKinley that it was time to take his oath of office: and +standing bareheaded, his hand resting on the Bible, William McKinley swore +to be true and faithful to the great trust he was receiving from the +people.</p> + +<p>His oath being taken, he kissed the Bible, and the ceremony was complete. +He is the twenty-fifth President of the United States of America.</p> + +<p>The moment had now come for the new President to deliver the inaugural +address. Great anxiety has been felt about this speech, because it was +expected <a name="Page_508" id="Page_508"></a>that it would give the people some idea of the way Major +McKinley meant to treat the several questions that are vexing us at the +present time.</p> + +<p>He opened his speech with these beautiful words:</p> + +<p>"<span class='smcap'>Fellow Citizens</span>:—In obedience to the will of the + people, and in their presence, by the authority vested in me by + this oath, I assume the arduous and responsible duties of + President of the United States, relying on the support of my + countrymen and invoking the guidance of Almighty God. Our faith + teaches that there is no safer reliance than upon the God of our + fathers, who has so singularly favored the American people in + every national trial, and who will not forsake us so long as we + obey His commandments and walk humbly in His footsteps."</p> + +<p>He then took up the subject of <i>Money</i>, and said that he thought the +Government wanted to look closely into the Treasury matters, and devise a +means whereby we might be able to have as much money as we needed in +circulation, without having to keep the enormous reserve of gold, which +costs us such ruinous interest every year.</p> + +<p>He would like to have all the laws relating to the coining of money and +banking of money carefully revised, and to put our money system on such a +sound basis that it will not be threatened with change at each change of +party.</p> + +<p>He said that he hoped to make the other Powers of the world agree with him +about the wisdom of bimetalism—which means the equal use of silver and +gold. Many of our present troubles have been supposed to come from the +fact that we cannot pay our debts to foreign countries in silver, but only +in gold, and that <a name="Page_509" id="Page_509"></a>we have not enough gold to pay all the debts we owe, +and so we are obliged to borrow gold from these foreign countries at +ruinous interest, to pay back again to them.</p> + +<p>President McKinley hopes that we may arrange with other countries to take +silver or gold equally the one with the other, just whichever happens to +be most plentiful at the time.</p> + +<p>He went on to say that we must be economical, and try to reduce our +national debt, and that the Government should not be allowed to spend more +than its income, but that if it was necessary to increase the income to +meet the just expenses of pensions for soldiers and sailors who had fought +for us, and for the widows and orphans of the brave men who died for our +country, he thought the money should not be raised by loans, which put the +country still more deeply into debt, but by taxes, whereby each man could +take his share of the expense of the Government which protected his home.</p> + +<p>He then spoke about the <i>Tariff</i>, and said that the tariff laws which he +hoped to see made would bring in enough money to supply all needs, without +directly taxing the people—which was a thing he did not approve of, +except in time of war. The tariff is a tax put on all foreign products +brought into this country.</p> + +<p>He then touched upon <i>Trusts</i>, and very severely, too. He approved +entirely of the efforts that had been made by Mr. Cleveland's Government +to suppress trusts, and he said that his Government would follow +steadfastly in its footsteps—enforcing the laws that already existed, and +making such new ones as were necessary.<a name="Page_510" id="Page_510"></a></p> + +<p>He spoke about <i>Immigration</i>. President Cleveland vetoed the immigration +bill, about which we were speaking; but President McKinley approves of +restricting immigration, and will probably sign the bill if it is brought +before him.</p> + +<p>One very interesting point that he touched on was the subject of <i>American +Merchant Marine</i>.</p> + +<p>At the present time we have so few of our own ships sailing the seas, that +we can be said to have no merchant marine at all. The ships that crowd our +ports are from foreign countries.</p> + +<p>President McKinley said he would like Congress to take the matter in hand, +and assist in restoring our merchant navy to its former greatness.</p> + +<p>Then he spoke on <i>Foreign Policy</i>. This is also a very interesting +subject, because it shows us the attitude President McKinley will take +toward poor little Cuba.</p> + +<p>He said he believed in peace and friendship with other countries, and that +war should never be entered upon until every effort for peace had failed.</p> + +<p>He believed in a policy of non-interference, and of leaving to foreign +countries the business of settling their own quarrels with their colonies.</p> + +<p>He believed, however, in being just and impartial, ever watchful of our +national honor, and always insisting on the lawful rights of our citizens +every where.</p> + +<p>About <i>Arbitration</i>, President McKinley said that he considered it the +only true method of settling international quarrels, and that he was in +favor of ratifying the treaty with Great Britain, and hoped the Senate +would do so at a very early date.</p> + +<p>He then said he should call an extra session of Congress <a name="Page_511" id="Page_511"></a>for March 15th, +to attend to various important affairs that needed immediate attention.</p> + +<p>His closing words were:</p> + +<p>"Let me again repeat the words of the oath administered by the Chief +Justice: 'I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United +States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend +the Constitution of the United States.' This is the obligation I have +reverently taken before the Lord Most High. To keep it will be my single +purpose, my constant prayer, and I shall confidently rely upon the +forbearance and assistance of all the people in the discharge of my solemn +responsibilities."</p> + +<p>When the speech was made, the main work of the day was over.</p> + +<p>After this came the great parade; the new and old Presidents were escorted +back to the White House, in front of which a stand had been erected. From +this stand the new President reviewed the parade.</p> + +<p>This took two hours and a half to pass, and consisted of National +Guardsmen from every State in the Union, a division of the regular army +and navy, clubs and organizations, and a division of Indian cadets from +the Government School at Carlisle.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 19, March 18, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15404-h.htm or 15404-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/0/15404/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 19, March 18, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 18, 2005 [EBook #15404] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. (www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. MARCH 18, 1897 Vol. 1. NO. 19 + $2.50 PER YEAR + [Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second-class matter] + +[Illustration] + + A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR BOYS AND GIRLS + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + +Copyrighted 1897, By WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. + + * * * * * + +=School Books Wanted= + + +The following school books will be taken in exchange for subscriptions for +"Great Round World" at prices named. + +Send books by express prepaid. Send none which are much soiled or worn; +pages must not be torn nor missing. Mark package--"GREAT ROUND +WORLD, 3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City, care William Beverley +Harison." + +Put your name on package and send a list by mail with your subscription +order. + +=We can use Standard School Books of all kinds, send List of any you may +wish to dispose of.= + +=READERS= + + Barnes' First, 20c. Second, 30c. Third, 40c. + Appleton's " 15c. " 25c. " 30c. + Cyr's " 20c. " 25c. " 30c. + New Franklin " 20c. " 30c. " 35c. + McGuffey's Revised " 15c. " 25c. " 30c. + Stickney's " 10c. " 15c. " 20c. + Swinton's " 20c. " 30c. " 40c. + Information " 30c. " 30c. " 30c. + +=HISTORIES. UNITED STATES= + + Barnes' Primary, 40c. Large 1890 or later, 75c. + Eggleston's First Book, 40c. " 75c. + Fiske's " 75c. + Johnston's Shorter, 40c. " 75c. + Montgomery's Beginner's, 30c. " 75c. + Sheldon's " 50c. + Thomas' " 50c. + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND WORLD And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 MARCH 18, 1897. NO. 19 + + * * * * * + +Cuba has changed places with Greece this week, and again occupies the most +important place in men's thoughts. + +An American citizen who was arrested there two weeks ago has been found +dead in his cell, under very mysterious circumstances. + +This man was Dr. Ricardo Ruiz. + +He was born in Cuba, but came to the United States many years ago. He +studied dentistry in Philadelphia, lived there several years, obtained his +papers, and became an American citizen. + +A foreigner who wishes to become an American citizen has to go before a +judge and declare his intention of becoming a citizen of the United +States. The court then gives him what are called his "first papers." + +He must have lived here five years before he can become a citizen. To do +this he asks for what are called his first papers, and then he must wait +two years before he can get what are called his "second papers," which +make him a citizen of the United States, and give him all the rights and +privileges of a native-born citizen. Before the second papers are given +him, he has to take an oath swearing to be a true and faithful citizen of +his new country, and he has to give up any title that he may have borne in +his former land. + +[Illustration: Prison at Guanabacoa Dr. Ricardo Ruiz] + +The oath he takes, which is called the oath of allegiance, binds him to +give up his citizenship in his former country, and to become so completely +an American that if a war were to break out between his old country and +the United States, he would fight against her and for America. + +He went back to Cuba, after a while, and settled in Guanabacoa. + +Guanabacoa, if you will remember, is the town which is ruled by the cruel +Fondeviella. In Number 13 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD we told you about this +man, and his cruelty. + +It would seem that Dr. Ruiz fell a victim to Fondeviella's cruelty. + +The Spaniards seem to have a very spiteful feeling against Cubans who have +become American citizens. + +They vow vengeance against such men, and are ever on the watch to find an +excuse for arresting or punishing them. + +Dr. Ruiz, though he seems to have attended to his own business, and obeyed +the law in every way, interfering with no one, has been an object of +suspicion to Fondeviella for some time past, and when, on January 16th, a +train was thrown off the rails by insurgents, a few miles from Guanabacoa, +Dr. Ruiz was accused of having taken part in the outrage. + +He was arrested and thrown into jail. + +When the reason for his arrest was known, some well-known citizens of +Guanabacoa came forward, and said that they knew Dr. Ruiz was innocent. It +seems that on that very night there was a birthday party at the house of +Dr. Ruiz's father-in-law. + +The doctor was present, but, feeling tired, he left the party at ten +o'clock and went to his own house. Two of his friends went with him, and +sat chatting with him until after twelve o'clock. + +The train was thrown off the rails at ten-thirty, so that it was quite +impossible that Dr. Ruiz could have had any hand in the work. + +The authorities refused to listen to these statements made by Dr. Ruiz's +friends, and kept him shut up in a dark and filthy cell for fourteen days. +At the end of this time word came to Consul-General Lee that Dr. Ruiz had +died in prison. + +As he was a very strong and healthy man, the American Consul at once +suspected that he had not died a natural death. + +On investigation it was found that the poor fellow had died from the +effects of a blow on the head. + +No one knows, and probably no one ever will know, how he was killed, but +there are dark rumors that he was murdered in his cell by Fondeviella's +orders. + +When the Americans were going to see the cell in which poor Dr. Ruiz had +died, they were obliged to pass along a corridor lined with other cells, +in which more prisoners were confined. + +As they walked along this passage, several of the poor captives came to +their doors, and whispered that Ruiz had been ill-treated, and they +thought murdered. They declared that they had heard sounds of blows coming +from his cell, and that the jail had rung with the poor doctor's cries for +help. + +This may not be true, because Cubans shut up in jails by Spaniards are not +likely to feel very friendly toward them, and these stories may have been +invented with the hope of angering the Americans into making war on Spain. + +But whether these stories be true or false, it is very well known that the +Spaniards do not treat their prisoners kindly, and there is good ground +for suspicion in this case. + +Our Consul was so disturbed by the news that was brought to him, and by +the sights that he saw in the jail, that he sent word to the government in +Washington, asking that warships be sent to Havana to protect the American +prisoners who are in Cuban jails. + +There have been, and still are, a number of our citizens under arrest in +Cuba, and the case of Mrs. Rodriguez, about whom you read in Number 16 of +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, followed so closely by the death of Dr. Ruiz, has +made General Lee feel that the Americans in Cuba need some better +protection than they have at present. + +The government however, has refused him the help he asked for, and it is +reported that the Consul-General has sent in his resignation, preferring +to give up his office rather than remain in Cuba without the power to help +his countrymen. + +This news has created the greatest excitement. The government denies that +it is true, and declares that General Lee has neither asked for warships +nor sent in his resignation. But signed telegrams come from Havana, +stating that the whole matter is quite true, and that the General cabled +his resignation, so that there might be no delay in its reaching our +government. + +Both Houses of Congress are demanding to be told the whole truth about the +matter. Senators, who, as a rule, are very loyal to the government, are +asking for explanations, and insisting that all the papers and letters in +Mr. Olney's hands that relate to the subject shall be given to the +Senate. + +Havana is also highly excited. The report that General Lee had asked for +warships set the Spaniards afire. They threatened, and raged, and became +so angry and indignant that the Marquis de Ahumada, the governor of +Havana, was afraid that riots would break out. + +He therefore sent for the colonels of the various volunteer troops in the +city, and assured them that the reports were altogether false, and that +Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Olney were the faithful friends of Spain. + +Despite the governor's proclamation, the Spaniards openly declare that if +an American man-of-war enters Havana harbor they will attack the American +Consulate, and declare war on the United States. + +Meanwhile, people are wondering what turn Cuban affairs will take, after +they are in the hands of the new President. + +The Spaniards declare that Major McKinley will follow in the footsteps of +Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Olney, and do nothing at all. + +In Washington it is said that great changes will be made. While war will +not be declared on Spain, warships will be sent to Cuba to protect our +citizens there, and the United States Navy will no longer be kept doing +police work for Spain by preventing filibustering. + +One thing, however, is sure. Dr. Ruiz's death will be closely inquired +into. + +General Lee's prompt and manly action has been of some little help to +another poor American confined in a Cuban jail. + +This second prisoner is a Mr. Charles Scott, who is accused of having +some postage stamps in his possession that were issued by the insurgent +government. + +It is the custom of the Spaniards to keep important prisoners in solitary +confinement until they have been examined by the judge. Their law says +that a prisoner shall be shut up thus closely for seventy hours, and +during that time he shall be completely cut off from the rest of the +world, and therefore at the mercy of his jailers. + +It was during this confinement, and while he was waiting for his +examination, that Dr. Ruiz was, if reports be true, beaten to death by the +Spaniards. + +Mr. Scott was also waiting for his examination, but General Lee, fearing +that he, too, might "happen to die" in his prison, made such a clamor for +his release, that he has been put with the other prisoners, and where his +friends can see him. + + * * * * * + +Fighting still continues in Crete, and it seems as if the Powers were +really sincere in their wish to make Greece keep the peace. + +Colonel Vassos has been doing some fine work as commander of the Corps of +Occupation. He has attacked fort after fort, and has won several victories +over the Turks. + +Encouraged by his success, he decided to advance on Canea. + +No sooner was word of his advance brought to the city, than the admirals +in command of the various fleets set out for the Greek camp, and had a +talk with Colonel Vassos. + +They would not tell what had passed, but on their return to Canea they +sent to the commander of the Greek fleet, and asked him to call on them. + +When this gentleman met the admirals, they were all assembled together, +and had evidently been talking the situation over. They informed him, as +the result of their conference, that if Colonel Vassos did attack the +city, the allied fleets of the Powers would fire upon him and drive him +away. + +The same message was sent to Colonel Vassos. + +In spite of it, he advanced upon Canea, and the morning after the warning +had been received his troops began to fire upon the town. + +Immediately, the admirals of the fleets in the harbor ordered the decks of +their ships to be cleared for action, and fired their guns upon the +Greeks. + +After a short while, the Greeks, finding that they could not stand against +the terrible fire from the big guns, became disheartened, and withdrew. + +The moment the Greek flag was hauled down, the ships stopped firing. + +A good deal of indignation has been felt that Christian Powers should +interfere to uphold the misrule of infidels, but the Great Powers say they +are acting for the best interests of Europe. + +It seems quite sure that they do not mean to leave the Cretans under the +care of the Sultan of Turkey. + +The latest news tells us that Greece has once more been ordered to leave +Crete, and that this time she has agreed to do so, provided that the +island be made independent. + +Lord Salisbury, the Prime Minister of England, suggested that Crete should +be given home rule under the governorship of a Greek prince, and thus far +the rest of the Powers are willing to agree with him. + +Nothing will be done until the Greek troops have been made to leave Crete, +and this may not be so easy to accomplish. Word comes from Athens that the +people are not at all pleased with the idea of home rule for Crete. They +want the island to be joined to Greece, and would rather fight for it, +than give it up. It is very natural that they should feel this way. + +If the people of some near-by country were almost all Americans and +relations of ours, and were cruelly treated by their rulers, we would feel +just as the Greeks do. There is hardly a family in Greece which has not +suffered wrong from the Turks. It is but natural that they fight for their +brothers, the Cretans. + + * * * * * + +In Number 14 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, we spoke of the massacre of a +number of white men in Africa by the King of Benin. We told how the Queen +of England had ordered her soldiers to punish the African king for his +cruelty. + +News has just come that the soldiers sent by England have captured Benin +City, and that its king, Drunami, is fleeing before his angry foes. + +A part of the soldiers remained in Benin to hold the city, and the rest +went in pursuit of the king. They expect to take him prisoner, and if they +succeed in doing so, they will keep him a captive, to prevent any more of +his cruel outbreaks. + +The English must be very glad to have Benin in their possession, because +the king used to send out parties of his warriors to lay waste all the +country round about the city. He would attack and capture the trading +parties carrying ivory to the coast, and would bring the traders back +within the walls of Benin, to torture and kill them in cruel and savage +ways. + +His city was so strongly fortified that none of the surrounding tribes +dared to attack it, and he had things pretty much his own way. + +So sure was he of the strength of his walls, and the cleverness of his +warriors, that he laughed at the idea of the Queen of England punishing +him for his wicked deeds, and waited for the soldiers to come to Benin, +expecting to be able to make very short work of them. + +Now, however, he has learned that there are greater and more powerful +monarchs than the King of Benin, and that his boasted stronghold was of no +account when attacked by a clever foe. Obliged to flee for his life, +leaving his city in ruins behind him, Drunami, King of Benin, is learning +that he is not so great or powerful as he thought he was. It will probably +be a very useful lesson to him, and make him a better man. + + * * * * * + +A very curious law case has just come to an end in France. + +It is such a silly case, that it seems strange that the French lawyers +waste their time over it. + +The Duke of Anjou and the Duke of Orleans each claim the right to the +title of King of France. + +The lawyers on both sides argued and struggled over the matter with all +seriousness. + +The Duke of Anjou did not want the Duke of Orleans to call himself the +head of the Royal Family of France, nor did he want him to have the right +to use the royal shield of France as his coat of arms. Only the King of +France has a right to use the lilies of France, or fleurs-de-lis, as they +are called, on his shield. + +The Duke of Anjou was, further, much troubled lest the Duke of Orleans +should have the right to sign his proclamations with his first name only, +after the manner of kings. + +After many a legal wrangle, and many a fine argument, the court finally +gave its opinion that the Duke of Anjou had lost his case for the +following very good reasons: + +First, because there is no longer a King of France--France being now a +republic. + +Second, because the title of King of France is not one that can be handed +down from father to son, like other titles. It is the sole property of the +ruler of the kingdom of France. France being no longer a kingdom, it has +no king, and therefore nobody has the right to the title at all. + +Third, because there being no longer a kingdom of France, nor a king of +France, nobody has any especial right to use the coat of arms of the king. +The court was of opinion that anybody may use it who feels inclined. + +Fourth, because there being no longer a kingdom of France nor a king, +neither of the quarrelling dukes has any need to issue proclamations. If +they do issue them, no one will take any notice of them, and therefore the +court cannot see that it is anybody's business what name is signed to +them. The Duke of Anjou has no right to interfere with the Duke of +Orleans' signature as a private individual, and therefore the court +refuses to dictate to the Duke of Orleans how he shall sign his letters, +whether with his first, his last, or with all of his names. + +The court therefore ordered the Duke of Anjou to pay all the costs of the +trial, and dismissed the case. + +Does it not seem absurd for two grown men to quarrel about a title which +neither of them has the slightest use for? + + * * * * * + +On the 1st of January, 1897, a new law went into force, forbidding the +convicts in State's prisons to do any other work than hard labor for the +benefit of the State. + +Up to the time of passing this law, when a prisoner went to jail, the +warden found out the work for which he was best suited, and gave him +employment of that nature. + +A convict who was a good accountant would be put to keeping the books. A +shoemaker would be set to mending and working in the shoe-shop. A +bricklayer would be put to building and repairing, and so on. + +The new law stops this system entirely. + +Hard labor means lifting stones, digging, building walls, and work of that +kind. + +If there are no prison buildings to be made, and no heavy work to be +undertaken for the State, the prisoners must remain idle. + +To the convicts, idleness is the most cruel punishment that they can be +given. They have nothing to interest or amuse them, nothing to think of +but their own sad lives; they cannot speak to each other, as talking is +absolutely forbidden, so taking their work from them is a very great +cruelty. + +Since the law first went into effect, some of the convicts have become so +unhappy that they have lost their reason. + +The wardens, seeing how their prisoners were suffering, have been much +troubled, and have all been trying to think of some means of exercising or +drilling, which will interest the convicts, and make up to them for the +work they have lost. + +There have been so many complaints about convicts being allowed to do work +that honest men can earn money by, that little by little all employment +has been taken from them. + +A very good change has been made in the management of the prisons in New +York State, by General Austin Lathrop, the Superintendent of Prisons. + +It has long been felt by people who have given serious thought to the +matter, that it was wrong to mix all the criminals together. It was +thought that men who had been dishonest should not be put with men who had +tried to kill, or were guilty of other awful crimes. Many people have +thought that some difference in the class of the prisoners should be made. + +The law does make a difference: some criminals are only given short +sentences, while others have very long ones. + +But the jail makes no difference whatever. Once within the prison walls, +all convicts are treated in the same way. + +[Illustration: STATE PRISON, SING SING.] + +General Lathrop's plan alters all this. He takes into account that some +people commit crimes through ignorance, some through weakness, and some +through wickedness. He thinks that the first two classes of convicts +should be carefully separated from the really bad criminals. + +His plan is to divide all the convicts in the prisons into separate +groups. + +Group A is to consist of those who are serving their first term of +imprisonment, and who may therefore be supposed to have been led into +crime by others, and not to be so wicked but that a chance remains of +turning them back into the paths of goodness and honesty. + +Group B will be made up of men who have been in prison once before, and +for whom there is still hope that they may reform. + +Group C will take in the men who have served more than one term of +imprisonment, and whose reform is very doubtful, but even they will be +separated from. + +Group D, into which will be put the hardened criminals, who are to be kept +apart, that they may not harm the more innocent prisoners. + +The different groups will be kept entirely separated, and those who are +young in crime will never come across the old offenders. + +The first group will have the greatest care from the prison officials. +Every effort will be made to guide its members into better ways of life. +They will be looked after by a physician, who will give them plenty of +exercise and training to make their bodies strong. There will be a regular +system for educating them, and training their minds into the knowledge +that to be happy they must be good, and that sensible men will obey the +law. + +When they are sent back into the world after their term of imprisonment +is over, they will have learned how to be useful and honest men, and every +effort will be made to help them to lead good lives. + +The next, Group B, and also Group C, will be treated in much the same sort +of way as Group A, except that these groups will be disciplined more +severely than the first one. + +Little time will be wasted over Group D. The men in it will be treated in +the ordinary way, and the only especial attention they will get will be to +see that they are never mixed with the other groups. + +It is hoped that, through these means, many men who are not really +criminals at heart may be brought back to decency and good citizenship. + +New York State is not alone in this desire to reform its criminals. + +Last year, two Houses of Reform were established in Kentucky, one for boys +and one for girls. These prisons are situated in healthy parts of the +country, and they are built on what is called the "Cottage Family Plan." +This means that they are divided into cottages, each of which holds about +twenty-six criminals. Locks, bolts, and bars are not used any more than +necessary. Each cottage is in the care of a matron, who has orders to keep +it as much like a home as possible. + +The young prisoners are taught to be good citizens, and the result has +been very fine. + +* * * * * + +We were talking about right whales not very long ago. Now, if we may +believe what we hear, a fine large right whale has been caught off the +Long Island coast, and the fishermen are highly pleased. + +It seems that one of the beach patrol caught sight of some whales out at +sea. Hurrying to the telephone, he called up the Life-Saving Station at +Amagansett, and handed on the news. + +The whole fishing population of Amagansett immediately turned out, and in +a few minutes five boats were launched, and were quickly in pursuit of the +whales. + +A good many of the Amagansett men were old whalers, so they knew exactly +what to do, and soon coming up with a fine young whale, they succeeded in +harpooning him. Three of the five boats reached the scene in time to +harpoon the whale, at the same time, and then the trouble began. + +A harpoon is a sort of a spear, to which a long rope is attached. This +spear is hurled at the whale by a sailor who stands in the bow of the +boat; it has a barbed end, like that of a fish-hook, and if it once gets +into the flesh of a whale it will hold fast, and the struggles of the +great fish cannot pull it out. + +The line attached to the harpoon is held fast by the men in the boat, and +as the whale, in his pain and fright, plunges, dives, and swims about to +get away from the spear that is hurting him, the boat and the men in it +are dragged after him wherever he goes. + +The men of Amagansett were at first very proud that three boats had +succeeded in getting near enough for their occupants to strike the whale. + +But their pride did not last long. Ere two minutes had passed, each +boat-load was wishing that they had left the whale to the other, and +everybody was as busy as could be blaming his neighbor. + +The trouble was that the harpoons had all been well thrown, and all had +stuck fast--too fast, for when the whale gave a mighty plunge, and set off +for the North Pole, at the rate of sixty miles an hour, all the three +boats, which were attached to him by their harpoon ropes, went bumping +along after him, in a terrible confusion of ropes, reproaches, and bad +language. + +The whale sped along. The bows of the boats which were flying in his wake +were lifted high in the air, and the spray flew on every side, till it was +like a morning mist. + +No one would let go his rope. Each man was sure his harpoon was the first +thrown; so with hearts full of fury and fear, the brave whalers of +Amagansett sped onward till they had made about six miles on their trip to +the North Pole. + +Then the whale changed his mind, decided that the South Pole was nearer +than the North, and, veering round, came charging down upon the boats. + +There was consternation among the whalers! + +One flip of the monster's great tail would have sent them all to a watery +grave. They could not separate because of their twisted ropes, so, with a +few more compliments to each other, they got ready for the fight. + +Before the whale had had time to do any serious harm, an old man, who had +fought many such big fish in his day, seized another harpoon, plunged it +into the whale's side, and finished the business. + +After churning the water with his tail till the whole surface looked like +soapsuds, the whale gave up the fight, and was towed in to shore. + +Imagine the delight of the heroes of Amagansett, when they found that +their prize was a right whale, with about 800 pounds of bone in his mouth. + +His value is supposed to be about two thousand dollars; this will be +equally divided among the men who caught the prize. + + * * * * * + +A new Immigration Bill has passed through Congress. + +It provides that no one who is over sixteen years of age shall be allowed +to come into the country if not able to read. The bill passed both Houses, +and was sent to President Cleveland for his signature. + +Some people thought that he would not sign the bill, because it is good +for us to let all the immigrants into the country who want to come. Others +hope that he did sign it, because they think we ought to be very careful +about the kind of people we allow to enter our country, and share its +privileges with us. + +The present immigration laws are very strict. Every foreigner who comes to +our shores has to satisfy the authorities at Ellis Island as to his +worthiness, before he can be allowed to land. + +Ellis Island is in New York harbor, and is used solely for the handling of +immigrants. + +Every ship that carries immigrants is obliged to furnish the authorities +at Ellis Island with lists of these passengers, and full information about +them. The steerage passengers are landed at Ellis Island, the lists are +given to the clerks, and the immigrants have to pass before these clerks, +and answer all their questions before they are allowed to enter our +country. + +Before they come to the desks where the clerks sit, they have to pass two +by two before some doctors, who watch very carefully to see if there are +any lame or deformed persons among them. If any such are found, the +doctors separate them from the rest, and they are carefully examined to +see what their trouble is. + +If it is serious, and they are cripples, and not able to earn their own +living, they are not allowed to come into the country, but are sent back +where they came from, at the expense of the steamship company. + +In Spain and Italy, and indeed in many of the European countries, there +are an amazing number of cripples who make their living by begging. These +professional beggars are a dirty, shiftless set of people, a disgrace and +a danger to the countries they live in. + +If we allowed them to enter our country it would greatly increase our +taxes and expenses, for we do not allow begging, and so, as the poor +unfortunates must have food and shelter, we would send them to our +almshouses, and have to pay to support them. So it is forbidden to allow +cripples, or people incapable of earning their own living, to come into +the country. + +While the doctors are watching for cripples, they also examine the +immigrants carefully, to see that they have not any kind of sickness. Only +healthy immigrants are allowed to land, sick people being sent back. + +When the immigrants have passed the doctors, they then reach the clerks, +who must be satisfied that they have money, or friends in the country, +before they give them permission to land. + +People who come without money are divided from the rest, and are taken +before a board of inquiry. + +Here they are asked why they came to the country. If they have friends who +have sent for them, and who agree to feed and shelter them, they are +allowed to pass. If no friends come for them, they are kept on Ellis +Island till their friends are found; and if no friends are found, they are +sent back to their own country. + +When they have been passed from Ellis Island the immigration law has not +done with them. The law says that no charity shall be given to an +immigrant who has been in this country for less than a year. Any person +who asks for help, and has been less than a year over here, is sent back +to Ellis Island, and from thence he is carried back to his own country by +the same steamship company that brought him. + +So you see that the laws are almost strict enough now, and the immigrants +who succeed in passing through Ellis Island are a good, solid class of +people, who are likely to become worthy citizens. + + * * * * * + +Did you ever hear a singing mouse? + +A man wrote a long story to _The Sun_, a few days ago, telling how he was +awakened one night, and frightened out of his wits by hearing a noise like +the peeping of a chicken in the adjoining room. + +He got up and lit the gas, and saw a little brown mouse run across the +floor. + +He set a trap, caught the mouse, which was no sooner in the trap than it +began to sing. The man whistled to it, and the little creature replied. + +The man did not seem to realize that he had found a great prize, but +pretending that his wife was afraid of the mouse, he drowned it in a pail +of water. + +When it was safely dead, he began to search through his encyclopedia to +see what kind of a "beastie" he had caught. But the encyclopedia, as +studied by the good man, did not seem to be any wiser than he, and he +finally wrote a note to the newspaper for information. + +[Illustration] + +It is a great pity he did not keep the mouse until he had looked the +matter up, for chance had sent him a very gentle and charming little pet. + +His singing mouse was a deer or white-foot mouse. This mouse is found all +over the United States, and while several other kinds are known to sing, +the deer-mouse is the sweetest of the singers. + +These mice can be very easily tamed, and live happily in cages, like +dormice. + +In "Nature's Wonderland" an interesting story is told of a deer-mouse +which was a famous singer. + +It was owned by Dr. Lockwood, who was so pleased with its songs, that he +set them to music, and gave them names. + +He noticed that his mouse had certain songs for certain occasions. When +she had awakened from a long sleep, and had taken some nice food, she +would sing her great aria, which he called the "Grand Role." + +When she jumped into her wheel for a spin, she had another kind of song, +which he called the "Wheel Song." + +She had another song that she used for state occasions, and this was so +silvery and sweet, that those who heard it declared that no canary could +imitate it. + +It is a pity that such a pretty and curious kind of creature should have +been killed through ignorance. + + GENIE H. ROSENFELD. + + We have another true story of a singing mouse, which will be + published in "THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Animal Story-Book."--EDITOR. + + + + +Letters From Our Young Friends. + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + I take THE GREAT ROUND WORLD and like it very much. I am + interested to know what has become of Robinson Crusoe's Island, + as I have not seen anything about it lately. I hope there will + be something about it soon. + + Yours truly, + NEW YORK, Feb. 19th, 1897. FREDERICK D. + + P.S.--We have a club every Saturday morning, and we read THE + GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + + +DEAR FREDERICK: + +We have had no further news about Crusoe's Island. Rest assured that we +will tell our young friends when anything more is heard of or from the +island of Juan Fernandez. THE EDITOR. + + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + I have of late become deeply interested in your delightful + little paper, THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and as I saw many of the + enthusiastic readers writing to you, and asking different + requests, I thought I would follow their example. I use your + little book for different purposes. At school we have to begin + topics, and I get a great deal of information from your little + paper. I also spend many happy moments reading its contents. + + I wish you would send me the names of a few good books. I do not + want anything like fairy tales, but something on the order of + "Six Girls," by Miss Irving, or "Little Women"; or I would be + more pleased with the names of a few good boarding-school + stories. I would also like you to explain the relationship + between Noah and Daniel Webster. + + Hoping I will receive an answer in a short time, I remain, + + Your interested reader, + CINCINNATI, O., Feb. 22d, 1897. GRACE G. + + +DEAR GRACE: + +We are very glad you take pleasure in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD, and that you +find it useful. + +We are told by a girl who is fond of reading, that "A World of Girls," by +Mead, is the most delightful school story ever written. + +"Jackanapes," "Six to Sixteen," "A Flat-Iron for a Farthing," are all +three by Mrs. Ewing, and are charming books. + +"An Old-Fashioned Girl," and Miss Yonge's "Pillars of the House," are both +interesting. + +History does not tell us of any close relationship between Noah and Daniel +Webster. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I tried "Sylvia's Caramels," and found them very nice. + + The other day I went to the Zoo. It is very nice. Chiquita is + twenty-six inches tall and twenty-six years old. She is very + cunning. She slept in a cigar-box up to the time that she was + six years old! The man that told about her said that there was + nothing she disliked more than to be called "dear little thing." + + You asked us to tell you about any book that we like. "Timothy's + Quest" is one of my favorite stories, by Kate Douglas Wiggin. + All her stories end well, this one especially. It is very funny, + also. + + Will you please send me a "Who? When? What?" chart? + + Wishing success to your little paper, I remain, + + Your true and constant reader, + WEST NEWTON, MASS., Feb. 20th, 1897. CLARA M.B. + + +Grace may perhaps find Clara's favorite story, "Timothy's Quest," +interesting to her. We are much obliged to Clara for her nice letter. + + EDITOR. + + + DEAR MR. EDITOR: + + It's Washington's Birthday, and a very gloomy day, too. I + haven't anything to do, and mamma is in a great state of things, + so I thought I would write, which I never like to do. + + Well, you know there is a lot of cruelty going on all around the + world. + + Just think, in the summer time, how animals suffer, poor things. + But I cannot do a thing. I just have to see and hear about it. + + Now there goes a horse-car driver whipping his horse, and here's + a man pulling the reins so the poor creature's head is bent way + back and his lip bleeding. I do beg you to write something in + your paper about it, but don't say who told you to, for all the + children whom I know that get your paper would laugh at me; but + if you don't tell them they will think it all right. I'll tell + you what to write: just something to ask them to be good to + animals; and tell them some of the sufferings of animals. + + I don't know what to say now, so good-by. + + Your friend, + + +DEAR LITTLE FRIEND: + +We could not resist the temptation to publish your letter, though we have +not put your name to it, and so no one will guess that it comes from you. +Dear child, your gentle plea for dumb animals will do far more to make +thoughtless people care for them than any words of ours. + +But we will do our best to help you, and will try to have the article you +ask for written. + +There is a Society in New York for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, +and it publishes a lot of little books and papers telling people how to +take care of animals. You should ask your mamma to let you go to the +Society's rooms at No. 10 East 22d Street, and get Mr. Haines to give some +of these books to you. + +When you grow up you should join the Society, and then you would be able +to do a great deal for animals. They will love you for your kind little +heart as much as we do. + +You might do something to help your favorites now, by getting all the boys +and girls you know to join you in forming Bands of Mercy. These are clubs +of young people who pledge themselves to be kind and helpful to all +animals. + +Write to Mr. J.L. Stevens, the Secretary of the American Humane Education +Society, Milk Street, Boston. + +Tell him THE GREAT ROUND WORLD gave you his address, and he will send you +information about forming your club, and about the badges and rules. + +You can do a great deal for suffering animals by interesting other boys +and girls in the work, and teaching them that we ought to be even kinder +to animals than we are to one another, because animals are dumb, and +cannot tell us when they suffer. + + EDITOR. + + +We have great pleasure in informing our readers that we are about to +publish a volume of "GREAT ROUND WORLD Natural History Stories." + +We know how much our young friends love _true_ stories. This collection +will contain only true stories, and has been written by one who was an +intimate friend, as she says, of each of these interesting creatures. + +It has taken several years to collect them, and they are being prepared +and illustrated with the greatest care. + +We publish one story as a supplement, and will be very glad if our readers +will let us know if it pleases them. + +We are constantly having new books sent in to us. We would like to have +our subscribers read the books, and write us what they think of them. +Letters of this kind will be printed in THE GREAT ROUND WORLD from time to +time. Any of our subscribers who have had a letter about some book +published may become a "reader"--that is, new books will be given them to +read, and write an account of. If the account is well-enough written to be +published, the book may be kept; and others will be sent from time to time +for criticism of this kind. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +Some lover of the wheel, who evidently cannot bear to lose the pleasure of +wheeling even when the snow lies thick on the ground, has invented a +sleigh attachment. This is a runner fastened beneath the driving-wheel of +the bicycle. + +[Illustration] + +What a great thing this will be! Fancy wheeling away over the snow, +propelling our wheels as fast as the pedals can make us go. + +The bicyclists ought to be very happy this year; so many clever brains are +working for their comfort and pleasure. + +[Illustration] + +All who ride have been troubled at times what to do with the bicycles when +they are standing still. + +It may be there is damp grass, which would make it impossible to lay the +precious wheel down; or there may be a thousand other little +inconveniences. + +Some one has come to the aid of the bicyclist, and invented a bicycle +support, which can be secured to the machine, and raised at will, so as +not to interfere with the wheel when in motion. It is just the thing all +bicyclists have been longing for. + +[Illustration] + +Another busy brain has been at work in anticipation of the summer, and the +glorious time in store, riding along the country roads. + +[Illustration] + +An umbrella support is the result. It consists of an attachment composed +of portions which can be connected or removed at will. + +What a boon it will be, on a hot summer's day, to have an umbrella +comfortably held over one's head, while the hands are free to guide the +wheel! + + + + +FIRST BOUND VOLUMES + +OF.... + +=The Great Round World= + +_Containing Nos. 1 to 15_ + +=WILL BE READY MARCH 20TH= + +THESE VOLUMES WILL BE IN STRONG CLOTH, WITH TITLE ON BACK AND SIDE, WITH A +HANDSOME DESIGN.... + +=Price, Postage Paid, $1.25= + +Subscribers wishing their numbers bound will send them (express paid), +enclosing 35 cents to cover cost of binding. Missing numbers or +supplements will be supplied until exhausted, at regular price. + + * * * * * + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + + _3 & 5 West 18th Street, New York City_ + + + + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +NATURAL HISTORY + +STORIES. + +A Series of True Stories + +BY + +JULIA TRUITT BISHOP. + +Attractively Illustrated by Barnes. + + * * * * * + +These stories will be issued in parts. Price, 10 cents each. Subscription +price (12 numbers), $1.00. Part 1. issued as supplement to GREAT ROUND +WORLD. 19. + + * * * * * + + =Author's Preface.= + + The stories published in this little volume have been issued + from time to time in the Philadelphia _Times_, and it is at the + request of many readers that they now greet the world in more + enduring form. They have been written as occasion suggested, + during several years; and they commemorate to me many of the + friends I have known and loved in the animal world. "Shep" and + "Dr. Jim," "Abdallah" and "Brownie," "Little Dryad" and + "Peek-a-Boo." I have been fast friends with every one, and have + watched them with such loving interest that I knew all their + ways and could almost read their thoughts. I send them on to + other lovers of dumb animals, hoping that the stories of these + friends of mine will carry pleasure to young and old. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON,= + + =3 & 5 West 18th Street.= + + * * * * * + +=KLEMMS'= + +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ... New York City_= + + * * * * * + + +=Evolution of Empire Series= + +UNITED STATES + +BY + +MARY PLATT PARMELE + +AUTHOR OF + +="Who? When? What?" "France," "Germany," "England," Etc.= + + Price, + Post-paid + 75 Cents + + * * * * * + +_From New York Sun Editorial Dec._ 30, 1896. + +In too many of the little school histories there is but a tedious, bare +narrative of apparently unconnected facts, and there is a profitless +rigmarole of dates and names: but when the sequence of cause and effect is +not obscured, and form and life are given to the actors, and the +development of events and institutions is traced, the story of the United +States becomes, as it should become, the most, fascinating as it is the +most important of histories to Americans; and whatever in historical +inquiry and writing promotes accuracy, adds detail, and clears up +obscurity, increases the worth and the, charm of the work. + +W.B. Harison has published in his "Evolution of Empire" series, a brief +historical sketch of the United States, by Mary Platt Parmele, whose other +volumes in the series have received cordial praise. In this book one finds +the story of our country told in about 300 pages, and very interestingly +is it written. The book leaves out the innumerable incidents and figures +which are of great importance to students, but which are not necessary in +a book for general reading, and presents the narrative in a graphic +manner, in which the interest of the reader never flags. The book is bound +in blue buckram and costs but 75 cents. The other volumes in the series +deal with the histories of France, England, and Germany, in the same +brilliant vein.--_Hartford Post._ + +Its value does not lie in the multitude of facts which it contains, but +rather in the lucid, natural way in which a few really important facts are +presented and grouped, and in the stimulus which it imparts to a rational +study of our country's history.--_The Review of Reviews._ + +In "The Evolution of an Empire," Mary Platt Parmele has endeavored to give +in outline the story of the discovery, settlement, and development of the +United States of America, touching only upon vital points and excluding +all detail. The task has been a most difficult one on account of the +constant temptation to deal with matters of minor importance. The author +has, however, succeeded in making a very acceptable book.--_Boston +Transcript._ + +The latest issue in the "Evolution of an Empire" series is Mary Platt +Parmele's "History of the United States." It is a short and simple +outline, which presents in a book of about 300 pages the main facts of our +national history, and a very fair and judicial presentment it is, too. +While the general reader will find it of interest, it has been prepared +more particularly for the young, who are easily wearied by the prolix +details which encumber so many of the histories prepared for them. Mrs. +Parmele very truly remarks that the child, bewildered in a labyrinth of +unfamiliar names and events, fails to grasp the main lines and soon +dislikes history, simply because he has been studying, not with a thinking +mind, but with one overtaxed faculty, memory, intended to be the humble +handmaid of the higher faculties. In the work under consideration, she +begins with the first voyage of Columbus and brings us down to the +principal events of 1893; she is sparing of details, and has merely +skeletonized her theme, adding sufficient of incident, to avoid dryness. +It seems a meritorious and well-prepared work, and a chronological table +adds to its value.--_The Detroit Free Press._ + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON= + =3 and 5 West 18th St.--44 East 49th St.= + =NEW YORK CITY= + + + + + + +SUPPLEMENT TO +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +And WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + * * * * * + +THE INAUGURATION. + +We have a new President. + +March 4th, William McKinley was duly inaugurated as Chief Officer of our +country. + +For once the weather was perfect, and everybody was in the best of good +humor, and up early to see the sights. At about ten o'clock Major McKinley +was escorted from his hotel to the White House by a company of soldiers. + +Here he was received by Mr. Cleveland, who up to the very last moment was +busy writing and attending to the final duties of his office. + +The members of Mr. Cleveland's Cabinet also came to pay their respects to +the President-elect. After the greetings were over, Mr. Cleveland and +Major McKinley walked out on the porch side by side, ready to make their +journey to the Capitol. + +As they passed down the steps through the crowd that was waiting to see +them, every hat came off, and the spectators stood bareheaded as the two +most important men in the country passed before them. + +The state carriage, drawn by four horses, was waiting for them; stepping +into it, they started on their trip to the Capitol. + +The streets through which the carriage passed were thronged with people, +who cheered and yelled, some even dancing up and down in their excitement. + +There was a trifling accident to the President's carriage in the course of +the journey, but it did not delay the procession much, and, except for the +excitement it caused, would hardly have been noticed. + +One of the rear horses slipped and fell, and in his fall broke one of the +silver links that held the traces. It was mended in less time than it +takes to tell about it, but every one feared that some accident had +happened to the Presidents, and for a few minutes there was a good deal of +galloping back and forth, and excitement among the leaders of the +procession. + +As soon as the trace was mended the procession swept on, and reached the +Capitol without further delay. + +An interesting part of the parade was the squad of soldiers on bicycles +which brought up the rear. + +Inside the Capitol all was excitement, for the President and +President-elect were to be received in the Senate Chamber. + +As a rule, the Senators and their desks spread out in a semicircle round +the raised dais on which is the Speaker's chair, and they take up pretty +much the whole of the Chamber. + +On inauguration days the desks disappear, and the Senators are seated in +rows on one side. On this occasion they were placed on the right of the +chamber, packed just as closely together as they could be. + +All the galleries of the Senate were also closely packed with the +families of the Ambassadors and Ministers, and the friends of the +Senators. In a place set apart for them were Major McKinley's family and +friends, amongst them being his wife and his mother, Mrs. Nancy Allison +McKinley, a bright, active old lady, over eighty years of age. + +The Senators being in their places, the President of the Senate gave one +stroke of his gavel, and immediately the doors of the Senate were thrown +open, and the usher of the Senate announced: + +"The Ambassadors of foreign countries." + +All the Senators rose to their feet, and in filed the Ambassadors in full +diplomatic dress. + +Their dress-coats and trousers were decorated with gold bullion, they +carried their white-feathered, three-cornered hats in their hands, and +across their shoulders, from left to right, were sashes of colored satin, +according to their rank or their country--pink, white, yellow, and red +satin. + +They were ushered to seats in front of the Vice-President's dais, and +almost immediately the doors were again thrown open and the page +announced: + +"The Ministers of foreign countries." + +The Senators again rose, and in walked the Ministers, and were ushered to +their seats. + +All wore the full diplomatic costume, which, as you will see, varies +considerably according to the Minister's country. The Chinese Minister +wore a slate-colored, figured silk, his official hat being of black velvet +with a red silk crown. The Turkish Minister was dressed in black +broadcloth and white satin, all covered with gold embroidery, and wore the +national red fez as a hat. The Japanese Minister wore dark clothes +magnificently embroidered in gold. The Coreau Minister had a loose robe +of sea-green silk with a tortoise-shell belt. The Austrian Minister wore +the beautiful Hungarian costume, with the short cloak hanging from the +shoulder. + +The Ministers appear from all accounts to have made a most gorgeous group +with their jewels and their gold embroidery and their orders and colored +dresses, making a strong contrast to the simple, ordinary dress of the +Senators. + +After these persons, the Judges of the Supreme Court were announced; then +came the members of the House of Representatives, headed by their speaker; +then President Cleveland's Cabinet; and then the whole house rose to +receive the Vice-President-elect of the United States, Mr. Garret A. +Hobart, of New Jersey. He had no sooner arrived in his place, than the +usher made the important announcement of the day: + +"The President and the President-elect of the United States." + +Down the aisle came Mr. Cleveland and Mr. McKinley, side by side. + +The whole assembly remained standing until the two Presidents had taken +their seats, and then the official proceedings of the day commenced. + +Mr. Hobart took his oath of office as Vice-President of the United States. + +The former Vice-President then made a farewell speech to the Senate, and +handed his gavel to Mr. Hobart. The gavel is a little ivory or wooden +mallet used by a presiding officer to rap on a table or stone when he +wishes to gain the attention of an assembly. + +The first use made of the gavel by the incoming Vice-President was to rap +for order while the blind Chaplain of the Senate, the Reverend Dr. +Milburn, called for a blessing from on High. + +The prayer over, the Vice-President made his first address to the Senate, +and immediately after administered the oath to fifteen newly elected +Senators. The little bustle of people leaving the galleries while this +latter was proceeding, showed that the great moment had come--and it was +time to inaugurate the new President. + +The President always takes the oath of office on the porch of the +Capitol--in full view of the people--and so, the work in the Senate being +finished, the two Presidents walked side by side out to the eastern front +of the building. + +As soon as the Judges, Senators, and Congressmen had taken their places on +the stand provided for them, Chief Justice Fuller came forward to the +little enclosure which had been railed off and fitted with two great +leathern arm-chairs for Major McKinley and Mr. Cleveland. + +He told Mr. McKinley that it was time to take his oath of office: and +standing bareheaded, his hand resting on the Bible, William McKinley swore +to be true and faithful to the great trust he was receiving from the +people. + +His oath being taken, he kissed the Bible, and the ceremony was complete. +He is the twenty-fifth President of the United States of America. + +The moment had now come for the new President to deliver the inaugural +address. Great anxiety has been felt about this speech, because it was +expected that it would give the people some idea of the way Major +McKinley meant to treat the several questions that are vexing us at the +present time. + +He opened his speech with these beautiful words: + + "FELLOW CITIZENS:--In obedience to the will of the people, and + in their presence, by the authority vested in me by this oath, I + assume the arduous and responsible duties of President of the + United States, relying on the support of my countrymen and + invoking the guidance of Almighty God. Our faith teaches that + there is no safer reliance than upon the God of our fathers, who + has so singularly favored the American people in every national + trial, and who will not forsake us so long as we obey His + commandments and walk humbly in His footsteps." + +He then took up the subject of _Money_, and said that he thought the +Government wanted to look closely into the Treasury matters, and devise a +means whereby we might be able to have as much money as we needed in +circulation, without having to keep the enormous reserve of gold, which +costs us such ruinous interest every year. + +He would like to have all the laws relating to the coining of money and +banking of money carefully revised, and to put our money system on such a +sound basis that it will not be threatened with change at each change of +party. + +He said that he hoped to make the other Powers of the world agree with him +about the wisdom of bimetalism--which means the equal use of silver and +gold. Many of our present troubles have been supposed to come from the +fact that we cannot pay our debts to foreign countries in silver, but only +in gold, and that we have not enough gold to pay all the debts we owe, +and so we are obliged to borrow gold from these foreign countries at +ruinous interest, to pay back again to them. + +President McKinley hopes that we may arrange with other countries to take +silver or gold equally the one with the other, just whichever happens to +be most plentiful at the time. + +He went on to say that we must be economical, and try to reduce our +national debt, and that the Government should not be allowed to spend more +than its income, but that if it was necessary to increase the income to +meet the just expenses of pensions for soldiers and sailors who had fought +for us, and for the widows and orphans of the brave men who died for our +country, he thought the money should not be raised by loans, which put the +country still more deeply into debt, but by taxes, whereby each man could +take his share of the expense of the Government which protected his home. + +He then spoke about the _Tariff_, and said that the tariff laws which he +hoped to see made would bring in enough money to supply all needs, without +directly taxing the people--which was a thing he did not approve of, +except in time of war. The tariff is a tax put on all foreign products +brought into this country. + +He then touched upon _Trusts_, and very severely, too. He approved +entirely of the efforts that had been made by Mr. Cleveland's Government +to suppress trusts, and he said that his Government would follow +steadfastly in its footsteps--enforcing the laws that already existed, and +making such new ones as were necessary. + +He spoke about _Immigration_. President Cleveland vetoed the immigration +bill, about which we were speaking; but President McKinley approves of +restricting immigration, and will probably sign the bill if it is brought +before him. + +One very interesting point that he touched on was the subject of _American +Merchant Marine_. + +At the present time we have so few of our own ships sailing the seas, that +we can be said to have no merchant marine at all. The ships that crowd our +ports are from foreign countries. + +President McKinley said he would like Congress to take the matter in hand, +and assist in restoring our merchant navy to its former greatness. + +Then he spoke on _Foreign Policy_. This is also a very interesting +subject, because it shows us the attitude President McKinley will take +toward poor little Cuba. + +He said he believed in peace and friendship with other countries, and that +war should never be entered upon until every effort for peace had failed. + +He believed in a policy of non-interference, and of leaving to foreign +countries the business of settling their own quarrels with their colonies. + +He believed, however, in being just and impartial, ever watchful of our +national honor, and always insisting on the lawful rights of our citizens +every where. + +About _Arbitration_, President McKinley said that he considered it the +only true method of settling international quarrels, and that he was in +favor of ratifying the treaty with Great Britain, and hoped the Senate +would do so at a very early date. + +He then said he should call an extra session of Congress for March 15th, +to attend to various important affairs that needed immediate attention. + +His closing words were: + +"Let me again repeat the words of the oath administered by the Chief +Justice: 'I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United +States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend +the Constitution of the United States.' This is the obligation I have +reverently taken before the Lord Most High. To keep it will be my single +purpose, my constant prayer, and I shall confidently rely upon the +forbearance and assistance of all the people in the discharge of my solemn +responsibilities." + +When the speech was made, the main work of the day was over. + +After this came the great parade; the new and old Presidents were escorted +back to the White House, in front of which a stand had been erected. From +this stand the new President reviewed the parade. + +This took two hours and a half to pass, and consisted of National +Guardsmen from every State in the Union, a division of the regular army +and navy, clubs and organizations, and a division of Indian cadets from +the Government School at Carlisle. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 19, March 18, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 15404.txt or 15404.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/0/15404/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. 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