diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405-8.txt | 3115 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 63397 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 68213 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405-h/15405-h.htm | 3706 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405-h/images/tak.png | bin | 0 -> 368 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405-h/images/tank.png | bin | 0 -> 379 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405.txt | 3115 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 15405.zip | bin | 0 -> 63281 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
11 files changed, 9952 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15405-8.txt b/15405-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f40fdf --- /dev/null +++ b/15405-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3115 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 18, 2005 [EBook #15405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +{433} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 57.] +SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- + Portrait of Cardinal Beaton 433 + On the Pointing of a Passage in "All's Well that Ends + Well" by A. Roffe 434 + Folk-Lore:--The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet + --Power of prophesying before Death--Change in the + Appearance of the Dead--Strange Remedies--Mice + as a Medicine--Omens from Birds 434 + Mode of computing Interest 435 + On the Cultivation of Geometry in Lancashire 436 + Minor Notes.--Sermon's Pills--An Infant Prodigy-- + A Hint for Publishers--"He who runs may read"-- + The Rolliad--The Conquest 438 + + QUERIES:-- + Bibliographical Queries 440 + Minor Queries.--Dr. Timothy Thruscross--Echo + Song--Meaning of Thwaites--Deus Justificatus-- + Death by Burning--Irish Bull--Farquharson's + Observations on Auroræ--Defender of the Faith-- + Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Roman Churches-- + Dandridge the Painter--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve-- + John o'Groat's House--Dancing the Bride to + Bed--Duke and Earl of Albermarle 441 + + REPLIES:-- + Julin, the Drowned City 443 + Nicholas Ferrar and the so-called Arminian Nunnery of + Little Gidding 444 + Vineyards 446 + Treatise of Equivocation, by J. Sansom 446 + Riots in London 446 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Osnaburg Bishoprick-- + Death of Richard II.--Scottish Prisoners sold to + Plantations--Lachrymatories--Querela Cantabrigiensis-- + "Then" for "than."--Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception-- + Letters of Horning--Dr. Euseby Cleaver--Mrs. Partington--"Never + did Cardinal bring good to England"--Florentine Edition of the + Pandects--Master John Shorne--"Her Brow was + Fair"--Dodd's Church History--Blackwall Docks-- + Wives of Ecclesiastics--Stephens' Sermons--Saying + of Montaigne--Scala Coeli--Red Hand 447 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales Catalogues, &c. 453 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 453 + Notices to Correspondents 454 + Advertisements 454 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +PORTRAIT OF CARDINAL BEATON. + +A portrait of this eminent Man was engraved by Pennant, from a picture at +Holyrood House, in Part II. of his _Tour in Scotland_, p. 243. 4to. Lond. +1776. Lodge has an engraving from the same portrait in his collection of +_Illustrious Personages_. This is a strange circumstance; because, when +Pinkerton was about to include this portrait in his collection, Pennant +wrote to him, on 30th April, 1796, as follows: + + "Give me leave to say, that I suspect the authenticity of my Cardinal + Beaton. I fear it is Cardinal Falconer or Falconieri. I think there is + a genuine one somewhere in Scotland. It will be worth your while to + inquire if there be one, and engrave it, and add my suspicions, which + induce you do it."--Pinkerton's _Correspondence_, vol. i. p. 402. 8vo. + Lond. 1830. + +Pinkerton made inquiry, and on Dec. 1st, 1797, writes to the Earl of +Buchan: + + "Mr. Pennant informs me the Cardinal Beaton is false. It is, indeed, + too modern. A real Beaton is said to exist in Fife."--Pinkerton's + _Correspondence_, vol. ii. p. 17. + +Lord Buchan writes to him that Mr. Beaton, of Balfour, believes himself to +have a genuine portrait of the Cardinal, and offers it for engraving. The +authenticity of this portrait, however, appears not to have been +established, and it was not engraved. Another was found at Yester, and was +at first concluded to be a genuine original: but Lady Ancram soon +discovered that it possessed no marks of originality, but might be a good +copy: it was, however, certainly _not_ one of the six cardinals purchased +by the third Earl of Lothian. Finally, it was rejected altogether. A copy +of a portrait from the Vatican was also rejected as undoubtedly spurious. +It appears, therefore, that Pinkerton, in this case at least, exercised +caution in the selection of his subject for engraving, so far as concerned +authenticity. His criticism, that the Holyrood House portrait is "too +modern," will be agreed in by all who will take the trouble to compare the +portrait in Lodge with undoubted portraits of the time: the style is too +modern by a hundred years. But the portrait is of a man upwards of sixty +years old: Beaton was murdered in 1546, in the fiftieth year of his age. +The portrait is of a dark haired man without beard. + +I now come to a portrait of Beaton which there appears reason to think is +genuine, and I beg the favour of your correspondents to give me any +information in their power regarding it. This portrait is in the Roman +Catholic College at Blairs, near Aberdeen. It was in the Scotch College at +Rome down to the period of the French occupation of that city in 1798, and +formed part of the plunder {434} from that college. It was subsequently +discovered in a sale-room by the late Abbé Macpherson, rector of the same +college, who purchased it and sent it to Blairs, where it has been for, +now, a good many years. That it is a portrait of Beaton's time is certain; +but the artist is unknown, and the picture has sustained damage. It is +attributed, by a competent judge, who has himself painted two careful +copies of it, to Titian, not only from its general style and handling, but +from certain peculiarities of canvas, &c., on which latter circumstances, +however, he does not lay much stress, taking them only as adminicles in +proof. The portrait is a half-length, about 2 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft.: it is +that of a fresh-coloured, intellectual man, of forty-five or upwards; hazel +eyes; hair slightly reddish, or auburn, just becoming tinged with grey; a +thin small beard; costume similar to that of Holbein's Cardinal Wolsey, in +the hall of Christchurch, Oxford. It bears this inscription, painted at the +bottom of the portrait, and over the original finished painting, and +therefore of a subsequent date: + + "David Betonius, S.R.E., Card. Archiep. S. Andreæ in Scotia, ab + Hostibus Fidei Barbare Trucidatus." + +Beaton was elected to the Cardinalate in Dec. 1538; did he visit Rome after +that? He was at all events in Paris. The Scotch College at Rome was a +natural habitat for a portrait of a Scottish churchman so famous as +Cardinal Beaton, and it would be strange indeed if they had not one of him +where they affected a collecion of portraits of British prelates. I propose +to have this portrait engraved, if its probable authenticity cannot be +shaken. Did Pinkerton engrave any portrait of Beaton? There is none in my +copies of his _Iconographia Scotica_, 1797, and his _Scottish Gallery_, +1799. These contain several duplicates; but it is rare to meet with copies +that can be warranted perfect. If the portrait be published, it will +probably be accompanied by a short memoir, correcting from authentic +documents some of the statements of his biographers: any information either +as to the portrait or his life will be thankfully acknowledged. One or two +letters from Lord Buchan, on the subject of Scottish Portraits, appeared in +the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxv., but not relating to this particular +one. + +SCOTUS. + + * * * * * + +ON THE POINTING OF A PASSAGE IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL." + + _Lafeu._ "They say miracles are past: and we have our philosophical + persons, to make modern and familiar, things, supernatural and + causeless."--Act ii. Scene 3. + +So the passage is pointed in Johnson and Steevens, that is, with a comma +after the word "things;" and the same pointing is used in the recent +editions of Mr. Knight, Barry Cornwall, and Mr. Collier. + +It occurred to me that this pointing gave a meaning quite out of harmony +with what directly follows, and also with the spirit in which Lafeu speaks. +Let the comma be placed after "familiar", and the whole passage be read +thus: + + _Lafeu._ "They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical + persons to make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless. + Hence is it, that we make trifles of terrors; ensconcing ourselves into + seeming knowledge, when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear." + +Lafeu apparently is speaking somewhat sarcastically of those who say +miracles are past, and who endeavour to _explain away_ the wonderful into +something common and well-known. Subsequently I found that Mr. Coleridge, +in his _Literary Remains_ (vol. ii. p. 121.), had adduced the +above-mentioned passage, placing the comma after "familiar." He does not, +however, make any observation on the other pointing; but remarking, that +Shakspeare often uses "modern" for "common," proceeds thus: + + "Shakspeare, inspired, as it might seem, with all knowledge, here uses + the word _causeless_ in its strict philosophical sense; cause being + truly predicable only of _phenomena_,--that is, things natural, and not + of _noumena_, or things supernatural." + +It is, perhaps, rather curious, that although Mr. Collier, in his note on +Lafeu's speech, has quoted the above from Mr. Coleridge, the improved +pointing should have escaped that gentleman's notice. + +Looking into Theobald's _Shakspeare_, I find that he also had placed the +comma as Mr. Coleridge has. Mr. Theobald adds this note: + + "This, as it has hitherto been printed, is directly opposite to our + poet's and his speaker's meaning. As I have stopped it, the sense + quadrates with the context: and surely it is one unalterable property + of philosophy to make seeming strange and preternatural phenomena + familiar and reducible to cause and reason." + +Does not Mr. Theobald, in his closing remark, turn what in Lafeu is really +an ironical outburst on _would-be_ philosophers, into something like a +serious common-place? + +A. ROFFE. + +Query, In a work entitled _Philosophy of Shakspeare_, by W.H. Roukin, +Lafeu's speech is quoted, and one word changed; "_and_ we have our +philosophical persons," &c., becomes "_yet_ we have," &c. Is there any +authority for such a change? + +A.R. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet._--On Sunday evening, the 20th +Oct., the moon had a {435} very fine ring round it, which apparently was +based near the horizon, and spread over a considerable area of the heavens. +This was noticed by myself and others as we returned home from church; and +upon my mentioning it to my man-servant, who is a countryman, he said he +had been noticing it, and that it reminded him of the old saying, "the +bigger the ring, the nearer the wet." On the next day, however, it was fine +and windy, and my faith began to be shaken as to the truth of the saying; +but the almost incessant rain of the four or five subsequent days fully +proved its correctness. + +J.A. + +_Power of prophesying before Death._--To the passages on this subject +lately supplied by your correspondents (Vol. ii., pp. 116. 196.) may be +added the following from Tertullian, _De Anima_, c. 53. (vol. ii. col. +741., ed. Migne, Paris, 1844): + + "Evenit sæpe animam in ipso divortio potentius agitari, sollicitiore + obtutu, extraordinariâ loquacitate, dum ex majori suggestu, jam in + libero constituta, per superfluum quod adhuc cunctatur in corpore + enuntiat quæ videt, quæ audit, quæ incipit nosse." + +J.C.R. + +_Change in the Appearance of the Dead._--A woman near Maidstone, who had +had much experience as a sick-nurse, told me some years ago that she had +always noticed in corpses a change to a more placid expression on the third +day after death; and she supposed this to be connected with our Lord's +resurrection. I omitted to ask her whether the belief were wholly the +result of her own observation, or whether it had been taught her by others, +and were common among her neighbours. + +J.C.R. + +_Strange Remedies._--I find some curious prescriptions in an old book +entitled _The Pathway to Health,_ &c. (I will not trouble you with the full +title), "by Peter Levens, Master of Arts in Oxford, and Student in Physick +and Chirurgery."... "Printed for J.W., and are to bee sold by Charles Tym, +at the Three Bibles on London Bridge, MDCLXIV." The first is a charm + + _For all manner of falling evils._--Take the blood of his little finger + that is sick, and write these three verses following, and hang it about + his neck: + + '_Jasper fert Mirrham, Thus Melchior Balthazar Aurum,_ + _Hæc quicum secum portat tria nomina regum,_ + _Soleitur à morbo, Domini pietate, caduca.'_ + +and it shall help the party so grieved." + +"_For a man or woman that is in a consumption._--Take a brasse pot, and +fill it with water, and set it on the fire, and put a great earthen pot +within that pot, and then put in these parcels following:--Take a cock and +pull him alive, then flea off his skin, then beat him in pieces; take dates +a pound, and slit out the stones, and lay a layer of them in the bottom of +the pot, and then lay a piece of the cock, and upon that some more of the +dates, and take succory, endive, and parsley roots, and so every layer one +upon another, and put in fine gold and some pearl, and cover the pot as +close as may bee with coarse dow, and so let it distill a good while, and +so reserve it for your use till such time as you have need thereof." + +I could select some exceedingly ludicrous prescriptions (for the book +contains 400 pages), but the most curious unfortunately happen to be the +most indelicate. Besides this, I am afraid the subject is scarcely worthy +of much space in such an important and useful work as "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + +Abridge, Essex. + +_Mice as a Medicine_ (Vol. i., p. 397.).--An old woman lately recommended +an occasional roast mouse as a certain cure for a little boy who wetted his +bed at night. Her own son, she said, had got over this weakness by eating +three roast mice. I am told that the Faculty employ this remedy, and that +it has been prescribed in the Oxford Infirmary. + +J.W.H. + +_Omens from Birds._--It is said that for a bird to fly into a room, and out +again, by an open window, surely indicates the decease of some inmate. Is +this belief local? + +J.W.H. + + * * * * * + +MODE OF COMPUTING INTEREST. + +The mode of computing interest among the ancient Greeks appears to have +been in many respects the same as that now prevailing in India, which has +probably undergone no change from a very remote period. Precisely the same +term, too, is used to denote the rate of interest, namely, [Greek: tokos] +in Greek and _taka_ or _tuka_ in the languages of Western India. [Greek: +Tokoe epidekatoi] in Greek, and _dus také_ in Hindostanee, respectively +denote _ten per cent_. At Athens, the rate of interest might be calculated +either by the month or by the year--each being expressed by different terms +(Böckh. _Pub. Econ. of Athens_, i. 165.). Precisely the same system +prevails here. _Pono taka_, that is, three quarters of a _taka_, denotes ¾ +per cent. _per month_. _Nau také_, that is, nine _také_, denotes nine per +cent. _per annum_. For the Greek mode of reckoning interest by the month, +see Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, p. 524. At Athens, +the year, in calculating interest, was reckoned at 360 days (Böckh, i. +183.). Here also, in all native accounts-current, the year is reckoned at +360 days. + +The word [Greek: tokos], as applied to interest, was understood by the +Greeks themselves to be derived from [Greek: tiktô], "to produce," _i.e._ +money begetting money; the offspring or produce of money lent out. Whether +its identity may not be established with the word in current use for +thousands of years in this country to express precisely the same meaning, +is a question I should like to see discussed {436} by some of your +correspondents. The word _taka_ signifies any thing _pressed_ or _stamped_, +anything on which an impression is made hence _a coin_; and is derived from +the Sanscrit root _tak_, to press, to stamp, to coin: whence, _tank_, a +small coin; and _tank-sala_, a mint; and (query) the English word _token_, +a piece of stamped metal given to communicants. Many of your readers will +remember that it used to be a common practice in England for copper coins, +representing a half-penny, penny, &c., stamped with the name of the issuer, +and denominated "tokens," to be issued in large quantities by shopkeepers +as a subsidiary currency, and received at their shop in payment of goods, +&c. May not _ticket_, defined by Johnson, "a _token_ of any right or debt +upon the delivery of which admission is granted, or a claim acknowledged," +and _tick_, score or trust, (to go on _tick_), proceed from the same root? + +J.S. + +Bombay. + + * * * * * + +ON THE CULTIVATION OF GEOMETRY IN LANCASHIRE. + +If our Queries on this subject be productive of no other result than that +of eliciting the able and judicious analysis subsequently given by MR. +WILKINSON (Vol. ii., p. 57.), they will have been of no ordinary utility. +The silent early progress of any strong, moral, social, or intellectual +phenomenon amongst a large mass of people, is always difficult to trace: +for it is not thought worthy of record at the time, and before it becomes +so distinctly marked as to attract attention, even tradition has for the +most part died away. It then becomes a work of great difficulty, from the +few scattered indications in print (the books themselves being often so +rare[1] that "money will not purchase them"), with perhaps here and there a +stray letter, or a metamorphosed tradition, to offer even a probable +account of the circumstances. It requires not only an intimate knowledge of +the subject-matter which forms the groundwork of the inquiry, both in its +antecedent and cotemporary states, and likewise in its most improved state +at the present time; it also requires an analytical mind of no ordinary +powers, to separate the necessary from the probable; and these again from +the irrelevant and merely collateral. + +MR. WILKINSON has shown himself to possess so many of the qualities +_essential_ to the historian of mathematical science, that we trust he will +continue his valuable researches in this direction still further. + +It cannot be doubted that MR. WILKINSON has traced with singular acumen the +manner in which the _spirit_ of geometrical research was diffused amongst +the operative classes, and the class immediately above them--the exciseman +and the country schoolmaster. Still it is not to be inferred, that even +these classes did not contain a considerable number of able geometers +anterior to the period embraced in his discussion. The Mathematical Society +of Spitalfields existed more than half a century before the Oldham Society +was formed. The sameness of pursuit, combined with the sameness of +employment, would rather lead us to infer that geometry was _transplanted_ +from Spitalfields to Manchester or Oldham. Simpson found his way from the +country to London; and some other Simpson as great as Thomas (though less +favourably looked upon by fortune in furnishing stimulus and opportunity) +might have migrated from London to Oldham. Or, again, some Lancashire +weaver might have adventured to London (a very common case with country +artisans after the expiration of apprenticeship); and, there having +acquired a taste for mathematics, as well as improvement in his mechanical +skill, have returned into the country, and diffused the knowledge and the +tastes he took home with him amongst his fellows. The very name betokens +Jeremiah Ainsworth to have been of a Lancashire family. + +But was Ainsworth really the earliest mathematician of his district? Or, +was he merely the first that made any figure in print as a correspondent of +the mathematical periodicals of that day? This question is worthy of MR. +WILKINSON's further inquiry; and probably some light may be thrown upon it +by a careful examination of the _original_ Ladies' and Gentleman's Diaries +of the period. In the reprints of these works, only the names, real or +assumed, of those whose contributions were actually printed, are +inserted--not the list of all correspondents. + +Now one would be led to suppose that the study of mathematics was +peculiarly suited to the daily mode of life and occupation of these men. +Their employment was monotonous; their life sedentary; and their minds were +left perfectly free from any _contemplative_ purpose they might choose. +Algebraic investigation required writing: but the weaver's hands being +engaged he could not write. A diagram, on the contrary, might lie before +him, and be carefully studied, whilst his hands and feet may be performing +their functions with an accuracy almost instinctive. Nay more: an +exceedingly complicated diagram which has grown up gradually as the result +of investigations successively {437} made, may be carried in the memory and +become the subject of successful peripatetic contemplation. On this point a +decided _experimental_ opinion is here expressed: but were further +instances asked for, they may be found in Stewart, Monge, and Chasles, all +of whom possessed this power in an eminent degree. Indeed, without it, all +attempts to study the geometry of space (even the very elements of +descriptive geometry, to say nothing of the more recondite investigations +of the science) would be entirely unproductive. It is, moreover, a power +capable of being acquired by men of average intellect without extreme +difficulty; and that even to the extent of "mentally seeing" the +constituent parts of figures which have never been exhibited to the eye +either by drawings or models. + +That such men, if once imbued with a love for geometry, and having once got +over the drudgery of elementary acquisition, should be favourably situated +for its cultivation, follows as a matter of course. The great difficulty +lay in finding sufficient stimulus for their ambition, good models for +their imitation, and adequate facilities for publishing the results at +which they had arrived. The admirable history of the contents of their +scanty libraries, given by MR. WILKINSON, leaves nothing more to be said on +that head; except, perhaps, that he attributes rather more to the +_influences_ of Emerson's writings than I am able to do.[2] As regards +their facilities for publication, these were few, the periods of +publication being rarely shorter than annual; and amongst so many +competitors, the space which could be allotted to each (even to "the best +men") was extremely limited. Yet, contracted as the means of publication +were, the spirit of emulation did something; from the belief that +_insertion was an admitted test of superiority_, it was as much an object +of ambition amongst these men to solve the "prize question" as it was by +philosophers of higher social standing to gain the "prize" conferred by the +_Académie des Sciences_, or any other continental society under the wing of +Royalty, at the same period. The prize (half a dozen or a dozen copies of +the work itself) was not less an object of triumph, than a Copley or a +Royal medal is in our own time amongst the philosophers of the Royal +Society. + +These men, from similarity of employment and inevitable contiguity of +position, were brought into intercourse almost of necessity, and the +formation of a little society (such as the "Oldham") the natural +result--the older and more experienced men taking the lead in it. At the +same time, there can be little doubt that the Spitalfields Society was the +pattern after which it was formed; and there can be as little doubt that +one or more of its founders had resided in London, and "wrought" in the +metropolitan workshops. Could the records of the "Mathematical Society of +London" (now in the archives of the Royal Astronomical Society) be +carefully examined, some light might be thrown upon this question. A list +of members attending every weekly meeting, as well as of visitors, was +always kept; and these lists (I have been informed) have been carefully +preserved. No doubt any one interested in the question would, upon +application to the secretary (Professor De Morgan), obtain ready access to +these documents. + +The preceding remarks will, in some degree, furnish the elements of an +answer to the inquiry, "_Why_ did geometrical speculation take so much +deeper root amongst the Lancashire weavers, than amongst any other classes +of artisans?" The subject was better adapted to the weaver's mechanical +life than any other that could be named; for even the other favourite +subjects, botany and entomology, required the suspension of their proper +employment at the loom. The formation of the Oldham Society was calculated +to keep alive the aspiration for distinction, as well as to introduce +novices into the arcanium of geometry. There was generous co-operation, and +there was keen competition,--the sure stimulants to eminent success. The +unadulterated love of any intellectual pursuit, apart from the love of fame +or the hope of emolument, is a rare quality in all stages of society. Few +men, however, seem to have realised Basil Montagu's idea of being governed +by "a love of _excellence_ rather than the pride of _excelling_," so +closely as the Lancashire geometers of that period--uncultivated as was the +age in which they lived, rude as was the society in which their lives were +passed, and selfish as the brutal treatment received in those days by +mechanics from their employers, was calculated to render them. They were +surrounded, enveloped, by the worst social and moral influences; yet, so +far as can now be gathered from isolated remarks in the periodicals of the +time, they may be held up as a pattern worthy of the imitation of the +philosophers of our own time in respect to the generosity and strict honour +which marked their intercourse with one another. + +Mathematicians seldom grow up solitarily in any locality. When _one_ +arises, the absence of all external and social incentives to the study can +only betoken an inherent propensity and constitutional fitness for it. Such +a man is too much in earnest to keep his knowledge to himself, or to wish +to stand alone. He makes disciples,--he aids, encourages, guides them. His +own researches are fully communicated; and this with a prodigality +proportioned to his own great resources. He feels no jealousy of +competition, and is always gratified by seeing others successful. Thus such +bodies of men are created in wonderfully short periods by the magnanimous +labours of one ardent {438} spirit. These are the men that found societies, +schools, sects; wherever one unselfish and earnest man settles down, there +we invariably find a cluster of students of his subject, that often lasts +for ages. Take, for instance, Leeds. There we see that John Ryley created, +at a later period, the Yorkshire school of geometers; comprising amongst +its members such men as Swale, Whitley, Ryley ("Sam"), Gawthorp, Settle, +and John Baines. This, too, was in a district in many respects very +analogous to Lancashire, but especially in the one to which the argument +more immediately relates:--it was a district of weavers, only substituting +wool for cotton, as cotton had in the other case been substituted for the +silk of Spitalfields. + +We see nothing like this in the agricultural districts; neither do we in +those districts where the ordinary manufacturing operations themselves +require the employment of the head as well as the hands and feet. With the +exception, indeed, of the schoolmaster, and the exciseman, and the +surveyor, there are comparatively few instances of persons whose employment +was not strictly sedentary having devoted their intellectual energies to +mathematics, independent of early cultivation. To them the subject was more +or less professional, and their devotion to it was to be expected--indeed +far more than has been realised. It is professional now to a larger and +more varied class of men, and of course there is a stronger body of +non-academic mathematicians now than at any former period. At the same time +it may be doubted whether there be even as many really able men devoted to +science purely and for its own sake in this country as there were a century +ago, when science wore a more humble guise. + +Combining what is here said with the masterly analysis which MR. WILKINSON +has given of the books which were accessible to these men, it appears that +we shall be able to form a correct view on the subject of the Lancashire +geometers. Of course documentary evidence would be desirable--it would +certainly be interesting too. + +To such of your readers as have not seen the mathematical periodicals of +that period, the materials for which were furnished by these men, it may be +sufficient to state that the "NOTES AND QUERIES" is conceived in the exact +spirit of those works. The chief difference, besides the usual +subject-matter, consists in the greater formality and "stiffness" of those +than of this; arising, however, of necessity out of the specific and rigid +character of mathematical research in itself, and the more limited range of +subjects that were open to discussion. + +The one great defect of the researches of those men was, that they were +conducted in a manner so desultory, and that the subjects themselves were +often so isolated, that there can seldom be made out more than a few +dislocated fragments of any one subject of inquiry whatever. Special +inquiries are prosecuted with great vigour and acumen; but we look in vain +for system, classification, or general principles. This, however, is not to +be charged to _them_ as a scientific vice, peculiarly:--for, in truth, it +must be confessed to be a vice, not only too common, but almost universal +amongst English geometers; and even in the geometry of the Greeks +themselves, the great object appears to have been "problem-solving" rather +than the deduction and arrangement of scientific truths. The modern French +geometers have, however, broken this spell; and it is not too much too hope +that we shall not be long ere we join them in the development of the +systems they have already opened; and, moreover, add to the list some +independent topics of our own. The chief dangers to which we are in this +case exposed are, classification with incomplete data, and drawing +inferences upon trust. It cannot be denied, at all events, that some of our +French cotemporaries have fallen into both these errors; but the abuse of a +principle is no argument for our not using it, though its existence (or +even possible existence) should be a strong incentive to caution. + +These remarks have taken a more general form than it is usual to give in +your pages. As, however, it is probable that many of your readers may feel +an interest in a general statement of a very curious intellectual +phenomenon, I am not without a hope that, though so far removed from the +usual topics discussed in the work, they will not be altogether +unacceptable or useless. + +PEN-AND-INK. + +[Footnote 1: Although at one period of our life we took great pains to make +a collection of the _periodicals_ which, during the last century, were +devoted wholly or partially to mathematics, yet we could never even +approximate towards completeness. It was not, certainly, from niggardly +expenditure. Indeed, it is doubtful whether a complete set exists, or could +even be formed now.] + +[Footnote 2: See _Philosophical Magazine_, Sept. 1850.] + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Sermon's Pills._--In Guizot's _Life of Monk, Duke of Albermarle_, +translated and edited by the present Lord Wharncliffe, it is stated (p. +313.) that when the Duke was suffering from the diseases which afterwards +proved fatal to him, + + "One of his neighbours, at New Hall, formerly an officer in his army, + mentioned to him certain pills said to be sovereign against the dropsy, + which were sold at Bristol by one Sermon, who had also served under his + orders in Scotland as a private soldier. This advice and remedy from + ancient comrades, inspired the old general with more confidence than + the skill of the physicians. He sent for Sermon's pills, and found + himself so much recovered by them for a time, that he returned to + London at the close of the summer." + +Having "found," in the newspapers of the day, the following paragraphs +illustrative of this passage in the great General's history, I think them +sufficiently interesting "to make a Note of." + + "London, July 13. 1669.--His Grace the Lord General, after a long and + dangerous distemper, is (God {439} be praised) perfectly recovered and + restored to his former health, to the Great rejoycing of their + Majesties and the whole court, by the assistance of one William Sermon, + of Bristol, whose pills have had that excellent success as to restore + him perfectly to his sleep and appetite, and wholly abate all the + symptoms of his disease. Yesterday his Grace, as being perfectly cured, + dismissed his physicians from their farther attendance." + + "London, July 17. 1669.--The 13th instant, Mr. William Sermon, the + practitioner in physick, who so happily performed that excellent cure + upon his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, was presented to His Majesty in + St. James's Park, where he had the honor to kiss His Majesty's hand, + and to receive his thanks for that good service." + + September 9. 1669.--"Advertisement: These are to give notice that + William Sermon, Dr. of Physick, a person so eminently famous for his + cure of his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, is removed from Bristol to + London, and may be spoken with every day, especially in the forenoon, + at his house in West Harding Street, in Goldsmith's Rents, near Three + Legged Alley, between Fetter Lane and Shooe Lane." + +Can any of your correspondents give an account of the subsequent career of +Dr. Sermon? + +[Greek: D] + +_An Infant Prodigy_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--There are parallel cases in the +hagioloists (_Hist. de l'Eglise Gallicane_, par Longueval, tom. iii. p. +430. 1782): + +"S. Amand après cette mission étant repassé dans la Gaule, eut bientôt +occasion de montrer l'intrépidité de son zèle ... L'amour des femmes, +écueil fatal des jeunes princes, fit en peu de temps oublier à Dagobert les +leçons qu'il avoit reçues de S. Arnoux et de S. Cunibert. Il se livra à +cette passion avec tant de scandale, qu'il eut jusqu'à trois femmes à la +fois qui portoient le nom de reines, sans parler d'un grand nombre de +concubines ... + +"Amand, après un assez long exil, 'refusa d'abord l'honneur de baptiser' +l'enfant de son maître: 'mais les instances que le roi lui fit faire par +Ouen et Eloi firent céder sa modestie à l'obéissance. L'enfant fut aussitôt +apporté le saint évêque l'ayant pris entre ses bras, lui donna sa +bénédiction, et récita les prières pour le faire catéchumène. L'oraison +étant finie, comme personne ne répondoit, Dieu délia la langue du jeune +prince, qui n'avoit pas plus de quarante jours, et il répondit +distinctement _amen_.'" + +This happened in 630 at Orleans, and the holy abbot who attests the miracle +was present when it occurred. Had St. Amand learnt ventriloquism during his +missionary excursions? + +And now permit me to tell your correspondent CH. that Abp. Bramhall's Dutch +is quite correct. "Mevrouw" is still the title of empresses, queens +duchesses, Countesses, noble ladies, ministers of state's and other great +men's wives. + +G.M. + +Guernsey. + +_A Hint for Publishers._--Many, like myself, have no doubt experienced the +inconvenience of possessing early impressions of books, of which later +editions exist with numerous emendations and errata. + +Would it not be practicable for publishers to issue these emendations and +errata in a separate form and at a fair price, for the benefit of the +purchasers of the preceding editions? + +Were this plan generally adopted, the value of most books would be +materially enhanced, and people would not object, as they now do, to order +new publications. + +HERBERT. + +"_He who runs may read._"--There appeared in Vol. ii., p. 374., a new, and, +in my opinion, an erroneous, interpretation of part of ver. 2., chap. ii. +Habakkuk. It appears to me probable that a person reading the vision might +be struck with awe, and so "alarmed by it" as not to be able "to fly from +the impending calamity" in the way which your correspondent imagines. I +prefer Archbishop Newcome's explanation:--"Let the characters be so legible +that one who hastily passeth on may read them. This may have been a +proverbial expression." + +If you be pleased to insert this, readers may judge for themselves which is +the right interpretation. + +PLAIN SENSE. + +_The Rolliad._--The following memoranda relative to this word were given to +me by one who lived during the period of its publication, and was, it is +believed, himself a contributor. Wraxall, in his _Memoirs_, states that the +work was nearly all written by Richardson; this is not true. The principal +writers were Gen. Fitzpatrick, Lord John Townshend, Dr. Lawrence--he had +the chief control. They met in a room at Becket's, the bookseller; they had +a secretary and copyist. + +None of the contributions went to the newspaper in the original +handwriting. The _Morning Herald_ was the paper it is believed, in which +they first appeared, although that journal was on the eve of going over to +the opposite party. The "ode" to Wraxall, was written by Tickell, author of +"Anticipation.". + +W.A. + +November, 23. 1850. + +_The Rolliad._-- + +From _The Times_, about 1784. + + ROLLIAD. + + _Political Eclogues._ + + ROSE. + + Line 21. ed. 1795. + + "Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose, + How can you suppose + I'll be led by the nose, + In voting for those + You mean to propose, + Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose?" + +The above epigram is inserted in my copy of the Rolliad. + +Can any of your readers give the names of the {440} authors of the numerous +pieces in the second part of "Political Miscellanies." + +F.B.R. + +_The Conquest._--Permit me to point out the erroneous historical idea which +obtains in the use of this phrase. Acquisition out of the common course of +inheritance is by our legists called _perquisitio_, by the feudists +_conquisitio_, and the first purchaser (he who brought the estate into the +current family) the _conquereur_. The charters and chronicles of the age +thus rightly style William the Norman _conquisitor_, and his accession +_conquæstus_; but now, from disuse of the foedal sense, with the notion of +the forcible method of acquisition, we annex the idea of victory to +conquisition,--a title to which William never pretended. + +W.L. + +Twickenham. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. + +(_Continued from page 421._) + +(18.) What could have induced the accurate and learned Saxius (_Catal. Lib. +Mediol., edit._ p. DXC.) to give the name _Elucidarium_ to the first part +of the _Mariale_ of Bernardinus de Bustis? This writer, who has sometimes +erroneously been reputed a Dominican, and who is commemorated in the +Franciscan Martyrology on the 8th of May (p. 178.), derived his +denomination from his family, and not "from a place in the country of +Milan," as Mr. Tyler has supposed. (_Worship of the Virgin_, p. 41. Lond. +1846.) Elsewhere Saxius had said (_Hist. Typog.-Liter. Mediol._, col. +ccclii.) that the _Mariale_ was printed for the first time in 1493, and +dedicated to Pope Alexander VI.; and Argelati was led by him to consider +the _Elucidarium_ to be a distinct performance; and he speaks of the +_Mariale_ as having been published in 1494. (_Biblioth. Scriptor. Med._, +tom. i. p. ii. 245.) Unquestionably the real title assigned by the author +to the first part of his _Sermonarium_ or _Mariale_ was "PERPETUUM +SILENTIUM," and it was inscribed to Alexander's predecessor, Pope Innocent +VIII.; and, in conjunction with De Bustis's Office of the Immaculate +Conception of the Virgin Mary (sanctioned by a Brief of Pope Sixtus IV., +who in 1476 had issued the earliest pontifical decree in favour of an +innovation now predominant in the Church of Rome), was primarily printed +"Mli," that is, _Mediolani_, "per Uldericum scinzenzeler, Anno dni +M.cccc.lxxxxij" (1492). Wharton, Olearius, Clement, and Maittaire knew +nothing of this edition; and it must take precedence of that of Strasburg +named by Panzer (i. 47.). + +(19.) Can any particulars be easily ascertained relative to reprints of the +acts of the canonisation of the Seraphic Doctor in their original small +quarto shape? + +(20.) To whom should we attribute the rare tract entitled _Lauacrum +conscientie omnium sacerdotum_, which consists of fifty-eight leaves, and +was printed in Gothic letter at Cologne, "Anno post Jubileum quarto?" + +(21.) Where can information be met with as to the authorship of the +_Dialogus super Libertate Ecclesiastica_, between Hugo, Cato, and Oliver? +Fischer (_Essai sur Gutenberg_, 79.) traces back the first edition to the +year 1463; but I know the treatise only in the form in which it was +republished at Oppenheim in 1516. + +(22.) Who was the compiler or curator of the _Viola Sanctorum_? and can the +slightest attempt be made at verifying the signatures and numbers inserted +in the margin, and apparently relating to the MSS. from which the work was +taken? One of two copies before me was printed at Nuremberg in 1486, but +the other I believe to belong to the earliest impression. It is of small +folio size, in very Gothic type, perhaps of the year 1472, without date, +place, or name of printer, and is destitute of cyphers, catchwords, and +signatures. There are ninety-two leaves in the volume, and in each page +generally thirty-three (sometimes thirty-four, rarely thirty-five) lines. +(See Brunet, iii. 547.; Kloss, 280.; Panzer, i. 193.) + +(23.) By what means can intelligence be procured respecting "Doctor +Ulricus," the author of _Fraternitas Cleri_? A satisfactory reply to this +inquiry might probably be found in the _Bibl. Spenceriana_; but I have not +now an opportunity of determining this point. + +(24.) A question has been raised by Dr Maitland, from whose admirable +criticism nothing connected with literature is likely to escape, as to the +meaning of the letters "P.V." placed over a sudarium held by St. Peter and +St. Paul. (_Early printed Books in the Lambeth Library_, pp. 115. 368.) Any +person who has happened to obtain the _Vitas Patrum_, decorated with the +curious little woodcuts of which Dr. Maitland has carefully represented +two, will cheerfully agree with him in maintaining the excellence of the +acquisition. In a copy of this work bearing date 1520, eleven years later +than the Lambeth volume (_List_, p. 85.), the reverse of the leaf which +contains the colophon exhibits the same sudarium, in company with the words +"Salve sancta Facies." This circumstance inclines me to venture to ask +whether my much-valued friend will concur with me in the conjecture that +_Pictura Veronicæ_ may be the interpretation of "P.V.?" Though the +pseudo-Archbishop of Westminster declared, in the simplicity of his heart +(_Letters to John Poynder, Esq._, p. 6.), that he had "never met" with the +sequence "quæ dicitur in Missa Votiva _de Vultu Sancto_," doubtless some of +his newly-arrested subjects are {441} well aware that it exists, and that +its commencement (see Bona, iii. 144.) is,-- + + "Salve sancta Facies nostri Redemptoris, + In qua nitet species divini splendoris, + Impressa panniculo nivei candoris, + Dataque Veronicæ signum ob amoris." + +R.G. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Dr. Timothy Thruscross._--What is known of the Rev. Dr. Timothy +Thruscross, Thirscross, or Thurscross? I am in possession of the very +little related by Wood, _Ath. Oxon. et Fasti_, Walker's _Sufferings of the +Clergy_, _Life of Barwich_, and the interesting notices scattered in +several parts of Sir H. Slingsby's _Diary_; but this only renders me +anxious for more, and I should be glad to receive other references. + +W. DN. + +_Echo Song._--_Meaning of Thwaites._--Would you be kind enough to insert +the inclosed poem as I am very desirous of being made acquainted with the +name of the writer. I expect, from various reasons, that it was written +about the year 1645:-- + + AN ECHO. + + "What wantst thou, that thou art in this sad taking? + _A King._ + What made him first remove hence his residing? + _Siding._ + Did any here deny him satisfaction? + _Faction._ + Tell me wherein the strength of faction lies? + _On Lies._ + What didst though when the king left his parliament? + _Lament._ + What terms wouldst give to gain his company? + _Any._ + What wouldst thou do if here thou mightst behold him? + _Hold him._ + But wouldst thou save him with they best endeavour? + _Ever._ + But if he come not, what become of London? + _Undone._" + +I also wish to know (if any of your readers will enlighten me I shall be +obliged) what is the meaning of the name "Thwaites." It is a very common +name, there being Thwaites, Thornthwaites, Hawthornthwaites, +Haythornthwaites, in abundance through all part of England. + +LLYD RHYS MORGAN. + +_Deus Justificatus._--Can any of your readers give any information +respecting the authorship of the book entitled:-- + + "Deus Justificatus, or the Divine Goodness vindicated and cleared, + against the Assertors of Absolute and Inconditionate Reprobation. + Together with some Refections on a late Discourse of Mr. Parkers + concerning the Divine Dominion and Goodness. London, 1668." 8vo. pp. + xxxii. 280. iii.? + +My copy (which has the autograph of Richard Claridge, the quaker) has +written on the title in an old hand "By H. Hallywell." In the _Biographia +Britannica_ vol. iv., p. 546., 2d edit., it is said to be by Ralph +Cudworth. If so, it has escaped Birch and the other editors of this +celebrated writer. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + +_Death by Burning_ (Vol. ii., p. 6.).--In the Mendip mining district in +Somersetshire, I am credibly informed that within seventy years a person +has been burned alive for stealing ore from the pit mouth. There must be +some old inhabitant who can attest this fact, and it would be desirable to +obtain its confirmation. + +J.W.H. + +_Irish Bull._--What is the exact definition of an Irish bull? When was the +term first applied to the species of blunder which goes by that name? + +GRIFFIN. + +_Farquharson's Observations on Auroræ._--A translation of the _Course of +Meteorology_, by Professor Kaenitz, of Halle, by Mr. C.V. Walker, was +published at London in 1845, in one volume 12mo. The work was written in +German, and afterwards translated into French, and the English work is +derived from the French translation. In p. 459. the following passage +occurs: + + "It is chiefly to the _shepherd_ Farquharson, at Alford, in + Aberdeenshire, that we are indebted for a long series of observations + on auroræ; and he endeavoured to prove that their height is + inconsiderable." + +Lower down it is said: + + "At the same time, _another Protestant minister_, Mr. James Paull, at + Tullynessle, four kilometres from Alford, saw that the aurora possessed + an unusual clearness in the zenith, so that its height did not perhaps + exeed 1300 metres." + +I have neither the original German work nor the French translation at hand +to refer to; but I have a strong suspicion that the word translated +_shepherd_ is _pasteur_, and that it is used to designate Mr. Farquharson +as _minister_ of Alford. + +L. + +_Smith's Vitæ Eruditissimorum et Illustrium Virorum._--In his _Life of Sir +Peter Young_ he quotes _Ex Ephemeride Cl. V.D. Petri Junii_, but does not +say where it was preserved. This (so-called) _Ephemeris_ was written by Sir +Peter in his later years, partly perhaps from memory, partly from notes, +and, as might be expected, is not free from errors of date which admit of +correction from other sources. Smith, following Camden, places Easter +Seatown, Young's chief residence, in Lothian, whereas it is in Forfarshire, +about a mile from Arbroath, and was part of the property of the great Abbey +to which that town belonged. Is it known whether this _Ephemeris_ is +extant? and, if so, where? + +SCOTUS. + +{442} + +_Defender of the Faith._--In Banks' _Dormant and Extinct Baronage_, pp. +408-9., vol. iv., I find the following:-- + + "He ( Henry VIII.) was the first English monarch who obtained the title + of Defender of the Faith, which was conferred upon him by Pope Leo X., + for a book written by him against Martin Luther." + +To which the following note is subjoined:-- + + "But in a letter from Christopher Wren, Esq., to Francis Peek, M.A. + (author of the _Desiderata Curiosa_), it is thus stated, viz., 'that + King Henry VII. had the title of Defender of the Faith, appears by the + Register of the Order of the Garter in the black book, (sic dictum a + tegmine), now in my hands, by office, which having been shown to King + Charles I., he received with much joy; nothing more pleasing him than + that the right of that title was fixed in the crown long before the + Pope's pretended donation, to all which I make protestation to all + posterity.' [Greek: Autographô], hoc meo. Ità testor. Chr. Wren, à + memoria, et secretis Honoratissimi Ordinis. Wrexham, 4 March, 1736-7." + +In support of this note, I find in Chamberlayne's _Present State of +England_, 1669, p. 88., this statement: + + "Defender of the Faith was anciently used by the Kings of England, as + appears by several charters granted to the University of Oxford, &c." + +As the word _anciently_, I conceive, applies to a period anterior to 1521, +may I express a hope that some of your learned subscribers at Oxford will +favour your readers with the dates of the charters alluded to; and, if +possible, some information as to the circumstances which led to the +adoption of the title "Defender of the Faith" by the kings of England +previous to the reign of Henry VIII. + +ROBERT ANSTRUTHER, Lieut.-Col. + +Bayswater. + +_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--Where can I find good +authority on the calendar of Sundays in the Greek Church, and in the Roman? +As to the latter, the missals and directories only give the current year: +as to the former, there is no work I know of which gives anything. + +M. + +_Dandridge the Painter._--At Osterley Park (Lord Jersey's) is the only +example of the pencil of Dandridge, bearing his signature and the date +1741. + +Through neglect and the effect of time this able work has been dried up, so +that we may say-- + + "The wine of life is drawn, and nothing + Left but the mere lees:" + +but there's savour of merit and signs of goodly craft for the dark age of +its birth. In the group of three children of life-size we have a rare work +of the period when few men of genius wielded the brush or daubed canvas, +even through the inspiring patronage of a wealthy banker, whose progeny +they are--and this is executed too before academies and societies offered +their fostering aid, and when Hogarth struggled on probably side by side +with Dandridge. Some of your readers may have traces of him and of his +works, and may be able to trace his memory to the grave. All that Walpole +has of him is (p. 439.): + + "Son of a house painter; had great business from his felicity in taking + a likeness. He sometimes painted small conversations, but died in the + vigour of his age." + +QUESTOR. + +Athenæum, Nov. 20. 1850. + +_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve._--Is the _portrait_ of Chaucer which +Occleve _drew_ in his translation of _Egidius de Roma_ to be found in _all_ +the MSS. of that work? and, if so, has it ever been engraved. I have not +Urry's _Chaucer_ by me, or perhaps he could save you the trouble of +answering the question. + +On reference to Watts, I find he does not even mention this work of +Occleve, but contents himself with a piece of supercilious criticism; +whereas the notices which Occleve takes of passing events (of which the +character of Chaucer is one) are at least valuable (although his poetry may +not be the best in the world), and his work is also valuable in giving us +the phraseology of the fourteenth century. + +P. + +_John o'Groat's House._--Does any authenticated view of the building called +_John o'Groat's House_ in Caithness exist, and are any traditions +respecting it known beyond the certainly ridiculous account in the fifth +volume of _Beauties of Scotland_, p.83.? + +Can any of your readers point out an engraving of the old _Konigs_ or +_Kaiserstuhl, at Rheuse_, on the Rhine, as well as of its restoration in +1848, after being destroyed by the hordes of revolutionary France, in 1792? +It is not in Merian or Zeiler. I have seen it, but cannot call to mind the +author. Perhaps _Alsatia Illustrata_? + +WILLIAM BELL, Phil. Dr. + +_Dancing the Bride to Bed_--_Old Hewson the Cobler._--I have a tune called +"_A round dance to dance the bride to bed_." Can any of your readers favour +me with notices of such a custom prevailing? The tune dates about 1630 or +earlier, and resembles that of "The Hunt is up." + +Another, printed about 1730, is called, "_My name is Old Hewson the +Cobler_." Is this a cavelier's song in ridicule of the Roundhead Colonel +Hewson; and are the words to be found? + +WM. CHAPPELL. + + [We trust these Queries may be regarded as a sign that Mr. Chappell is + preparing a new edition of his valuable collection of _National English + Airs_.--ED.] + +_Duke and Earl of Albemarle._--Albemarle has given a title of duke to the +celebrated General Monk, and that of earl to the family of Keppel. Will +some of your correspondents tell me where {443} there is any place called +Albemarle, which gives rise to these dignities, or why this title was +assumed by these families? + +J. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES. + +JULIN, THE DROWNED CITY. + +(Vol. ii., p. 282.) + +It does not at all follow, that if a city perished by the encroachment of +the sea, it was a very striking event at the time: it might have happened +gradually, not suddenly. Instances both ways seem to have occurred on the +shores of the German Ocean (see Lyell's _Principles of Geology_, ch. 16.). +A great flood happened in 1154 (Helmold, p. 216. b. ii. c. 1. s. 5.), but +it is mentioned with respect to the oceanic rivers only, and not as to the +Baltic, or destruction of houses or buildings. + +But was Julin drowned at all? Helmold does not say that it was (his account +is in Book i. c. 2. s. 5.); and he does say that it was not, but destroyed +by a certain Danish king. It is most inconceivable that he should not have +known who the Danish king was, if it happened in his own time. The passage +savours of much later interpolation. + +Koch, _Rivol._ vol. i. p. 280., states positively that Julin was Wollin, +and was destroyed by Waldemar I. in 1175, for which he seems to rely upon +Helmold, or at least his continuator, Arnold. Helmold himself died in 1170. + +Saxo Grammaticus lived at that time, and was probably well acquainted with +the events, since he was intimate with Archbishop Absolon, who took part in +them in a military as well as ecclesiastical sense. In p. 333. he says: + + "Waldemar the 1st, goes with a fleet through the month of the river + Zwina, then to the river which adjoins Julin and Camin, and has its + mouth divided into two. There was a long bridge joining the walls of + Julin. The king having landed 'ex adverso urbis in ripa Australi, + pontem disjici jussit.' The king cleared the way for his fleet; got to + an island Chrisztoa; crossed the river and went to Camin. He went out + to sea by that mouth." + +This is given very much at length. + +All this is the geography of the present day, and the names, if you read +Wollin for Julin. The Oder expands into a wide lake, shut off from the sea +by a bar of land, through which there are three channels. The Zwein is the +middle one of the three; that which passes by Wollin and Kimmin is the +eastern one. + +In p. 347. he says: + + "Rex ... classem ... Zuinsibus ostiis inserit, Julinique vacuas + defensoribus ædes, incendio adortus, rehabitatæ urbis novitatem, + iterata penatium strage, consumpsit.... Juilinenses, cum urbis uæ + recenses ruinas, ferendæ obsidioni, inhabiles cernerent, perinde ac + viribus orbati, deserta patria, præsidium Caminense petiverunt, aliena + amplexi moenia, qui propria tueri diffiderent." + +In p. 359. he says: The king "per Suinam invectus, Julinum oppidum, +incolarum fugâ desertam, incendio tentat." + +Saxo mentions Julin, p. 182-24.: "Nobilissimum illius provinciæ oppidum," +under Harold Blatand, King of Denmark, who reigned in the latter half of +the ninth century. He put a body of troops into it, who became dreadful +pirates. + +In p. 225. he says that the Danes compelled them to give up their pirates, +who were punished. In p. 381., in the reign of Canute, son of Waldemar, +there is an expedition against the Julinenses, the result of which is +expressed "Julinensium rebus absumptis." + +In p. 382., the king sets out for Julin, but seems to have attacked only +Camin. Waldemar died in 1182, Canute, 1202 (Koch.) + +Arnold (b. iii. c. 8. s. 4.) speaks of the Sclavi as finally subdued and +made tributary, about 1185. + +In the notes to Saxo (p. 197.) there is a long extract about Wollinum, from +Chytræus, a writer who lived 1530-1600, taken from the information of a +learned old man whose uncle was born there. He says he went there to see, +accompanied by many of the principal inhabitants, the remains of Julin, +destroyed in 1170 by Waldemar. Wollin he calls "mediocris civitas." From +the ruins, it had been more than a German mile round. Part of it was +"ineditiore paulum colle." He speaks of four montes, which had castles. He +says Wollin is "non aspernenda civitas," but not a thirtieth part of the +ancient size. + +C.B. + +I regret that my questioner V., from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 379.), should +have felt aggrieved that, upon his request for my story, I should have been +compelled to reply, in the words of the Ancient Mariner: + + "Story! bless you, sir, I have none to tell." + +As he seems, however, so assured that some account of the destruction of a +city of such opulence and renown as Vineta _must_ exist, I shall be +extremely happy to learn it from him. I can assure my friend V. that +neither Kanzow nor Microelius (who has, however, a plan of the stone +pavement of its streets at the bottom of the Baltic), nor Giesebrecht, in +his _Wendische Geschichten_ (Berlin, 1844, 3 vols. 8 vo.), know anything +beyond what I have stated. And as to a great port disappearing in the +ocean, without any cotemporary notice, the instances are frequent; as +remarkable a one as any occurs in our own island, and at a much later +period:--Ravenspur, which was a sea-port of the greatest importance, where +certainly Henry IV., and, as some say, Henry VII., landed from the opposite +continent, to claim and conquer their crowns, and where the father of De la +Pole, {444} Duke of Suffolk, was a merchant, is now so totally lost from +memory and the earth, that its very site is unknown, whether within the +Humber, or outside the Spurn; possibly where now the reef called Stony +Binks at the mouth of that æstuary is situated. + +So far, however, as an actual legend is concerned with the destruction of a +great emporium of commerce, I am happy I can supply your correspondent with +one, possibly the more acceptable as it is of another famous city, not very +remote from Vineta, and is not without relations belonging to the latter: I +allude to the town of Wisby, Visbuy, Visbye, Visburgum, on the island of +Gothland, of which the following account is found in an old Latin +description of Sweden: + + "Insulæ unica civitas, olim potentia splendore et magnitudine celebris, + tantarum rerum jactura fracta in exiguos fines se contraxit et oppiduli + speciem refert, ut Jansonii Atlas docet. Arx prope portum satis valida. + Emporiis illis Pomeraniæ clarissimis Wineta et Julin pessum euntibus, + Visbya inter omnia Regionum oppida floruit. (Olaus Magnus, l. 10. cap. + 16.) Licet urbs vetustissima Visbycensis potentissima ac opulentissima + quondam fuerit _et pro minima occasione, nempe fractionis unius + fenestralis vitri vix valoris obolaris, humiliata sit_, tamen leges + maritimæ et decisiones omnium controversiarum singulariter longe + latèque observantur. Ex distructa autem Vineta Gothlandos incolas + marmor, ferrum, cuprum, stannum, argentum, et inter alia duas ænei + portas grandis ponderis petiisse, et secum in Gothlandum avexisse + ferunt." + +I need not remind your readers that the maritime code of Wisby even now +influences many of the most important decisions affecting our present +mercantile shipping, it having been the model of the Laws of the +Acquitanian Islands of Re and Oleron, which Richard I. ordered to be +observed in England, and which are still frequently acted on. It is, +however, to the notice which I have marked in Italics that I would call the +attention of V.,--the destruction of the city _on account of a small pane +of glass not the value of an obolus_: and as he, no doubt, has interested +himself on these northern histories, request him to explain the +circumstance more in detail. I myself have often determined on searching +Pontanus, and other ancient Danish authorities, but hitherto neglected, and +therefore know nothing about the matter. + +As to the gates, which are more especially mentioned amongst the spoils of +the ruined Wineta, we find them also noticed in the same work, at its +account of Wineta: + + "Urbem frequentabant Græci aut potius Russi multarumque aliarum + nationum mercatores, quorum affluxus frequens civibus ingentes divitias + et facultates conciliavit: _adeo ut portæ civitatis ex ære paratæ_, et + argentum tam vulgare ibi esset ut ad communium et vilium rerum usum + adhibetur." + +To go, however, completely into the history of these gates would require a +volume. It would be necessary to commence with the great veneration for +gates in general throughout the north: whether the name of their great god +Thor (a gateway) is cause or consequence would have to be considered, and +his coincidence, in this respect, with Janus and Janua, the eldest deity of +the Italians, which I have more largely discussed in an _Essay on a British +Coin with the Head of Janus_, in the 21st No. of the Journal of the British +Archæological Association. Next, the question would arise, whether these +gates have not been migratory, like those of Somnauth, which Mahmoud took +to Gazni from a similar principle of deeply-rooted ancient +veneration,--relics of sanctity rather than trophies of victory, and which +Lord Ellenborough was so unjustly ridiculed for endeavouring to restore. +Thirdly, therefore, also whether the famous gates of the cathedral of +Novogorod may not be identical with those which have successively adorned +Vineta's and Wisby's portals; and whether those which are still the +ornament of the west door of the cathedral of Hildesheim, (which, according +to the inscription which crosses their twenty scriptural bas-reliefs, were +cast by Bereward, the thirteenth bishop, in 1015), may not be an existing +and beautiful example; as is the bronze column, with the bas-reliefs of +passages of the New Testament winding round it, and placed in the same +cathedral close. It would not be too much to surmise, that even the +beautiful gate of the Florence baptistery are from the same atelier, as an +old Italian author sings: + + "O Germania gloriosa, + Tu vasa ex aurichalcis + Ad nos subinde mittes." + +WILLIAM BELL, Phil. D. + + * * * * * + +NICHOLAS FERRAR AND THE SO-CALLED ARMINIAN NUNNERY OF LITTLE GIDDING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407.) + +Hearne, the antiquary, has preserved two curious documents relating to the +Little Gidding establishment in the Appendix to his Preface to _Peter +Langtoff's Chronicle_, Nos. IX. and X. See also _Thomæ Caii Vindiciæ_, vol. +ii. The most complete account of this remarkable man is that by Dr. +Peckard, formerly Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, entitled _Memoirs +of the Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, published in 1790, which has now become +extremely scarce, but has been reprinted by Dr. Wordsworth, in his +_Ecclesiastical Biography_, who has given in an Appendix an account of the +visit of the younger Nicholas Ferrar to London, from a MS. in the Lambeth +Library. The _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, by Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ely, came +into the hands of the celebrated Dr. Dodd, who published an abridgment +{445} of it in the _Christian Magazine_ of 1761. This account was again +republished, with additions, in 1837, entitled _Brief Memorials of Nicholas +Ferrar, Founder of a Protestant Religious Establishment at Little Gidding, +in Huntingdonshire_, by the Rev. T.M. Macdonogh, Vicar of Bovingdon. Some +further particulars of this family may be found in Barnabas Oley's preface +to _Herbert's Country Parson_, and in Bishop Hacket's _Life of Archbishop +Williams_. In _Baker's MSS._ (vol. xxxv. p. 389.) in the Public Library of +Cambridge, is an article entitled "Large Materials for writing the Life of +Mr. Nicholas Ferrar." Isaac Walton, in his _Life of George Herbert_, also +notices Ferrar, and describes minutely his mode of life at Little Gidding. +From an advertisement at the end of Francis Peck's _Memoirs of Cromwell_, +it appears that Peck had prepared for publication a _Life of Mr. Nicholas +Ferrar_, no doubt the manuscript collections noticed by MR. RIMBAULT (p. +407.): + + "Little Gidding," it has been observed, "was in England what Port Royal + was in France. Ardent devotion to the Redeemer characterised both. In + each, peace, charity, good order, and love to the souls and bodies of + men, were eminently exhibited; upon each the hand of persecution fell + with unrelenting severity. Port Royal was destroyed by the Jesuits; + Little Gidding by the Puritans." + +J.Y. + +Hoxton. + +_Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Allow me to +refer DR. RIMBAULT to Hacket's _Life of Archbishop Williams_, Part ii. p. +50.; Izaak Walton's _Life of George Herbert_; Peter Langloft's _Chronicle_, +ed. Hearne, Preface, sect xi., Appendix to Preface, Nos. IX. and X.; _Caii +Vindiciæ Antiquitatis Academiæ Oxoniensis_, ed. Hearne, vol. ii. p. 683. +693. 697. 702. 713.; and _Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar_, by +Peter Peckard, D.D., Cambridge, 8vo., 1790 (which is reprinted with +additions from a manuscript in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, in +Dr. Wordsworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_). In Dr. Peckard's Preface will +be found somewhat respecting "the loss (probably the unjust detention)" of +Francis Peck's manuscript life of Nicholas Ferrar, apparently the same +manuscript which DR. RIMBAULT states he has seen. + +C.H. COOPER. + +Cambridge, November 16. 1850. + +In Nichol's _Litterary Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 519., it is stated that "a +capital account of the family of Ferrar was compiled by Mr. Gough for the +sixth volume of the second edition of the _Biographica Britannica_." Of the +only two copies known to exist of the printed portion of this sixth volume +Mr. Chalmers possessed one, and he seems to have used it in the preparation +of the life of Ferrar for his _Biographical Dictionary_. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + +DR. RIMBAULT will find many interesting particulars relating to the +so-called "Arminian Nunnery," and the family of Ferrars, together with an +account of the present state of the place, in a paper by C. Colson, B.A., +Fellow of St. John's College, entitled "An Account of a Visit to Little +Gidding, on the Feast of S. Andrew, 1840," published in the first part of +the _Transactions of the Cambridge Camden Society_, Stevenson, Cambridge, +1841. + +E.V. + +Dr. Peckard appears to have had the use of some of Peck's MSS. (perhaps +those referred to by DR. RIMBAULT), but he regrets the loss of a MS. which +he had lent to the Rev. Mr. Jones, of Sheepshall, being, a _Life of +Nicholas Ferrar_, by Peck, prepared for the press, but which, after near +twenty years' inquiry, he had been unable to recover. This suggests the +Query, Has it ever yet been recovered? DR. RIMBAULT'S inquiry regarding +Thomas Hearne has been answered by Dr. Dibdin (_Bibliomania_, London, 1811, +p.381.) who informs Dr. Peckard, Dr. Wordsworth, and his Quarterly Reviewer +(p. 93), that Hearne, in the Supplement to his _Thom. Caii Vind. Ant. +Oxon._, 1730, 8vo., vol. ii., "had previously published a copious and +curious account of the monastery at Little Gidding," which he says "does +not appear to have been known to this latter editor," meaning Dr. +Wordsworth. I have not Hearne's work to refer to; but Dr. Dibdin _versus_ +Dr. Wordsworth and his Reviewer, as to ignorance of what so well-known an +author as Tom Hearne has written, is a little curious. The word "Arminian," +in DR. RIMBAULT'S Query, requires a remark. On reading the _Memoir_ which +Dr. Wordsworth has edited, he will find (Appendix, p. 247.) that the +Ferrars complained of "a libellous pamphlet, entitled the _Arminian Nunnery +at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire_," and that they repudiated +"Arminianism and other fopperies." This suggests a further Query: Is DR. +RIMBAULT possessed of that pamphlet? The attachment to books manifested by +the Ferrars family entitles them, I humbly think, to as much space as your +"NOTES AND QUERIES" can afford them. + +J.D.N.N. + +Renfrewshire. + +If DR. RIMBAULT or any of your correspondents could furnish a reply to any +of the Queries inserted by you in Vol. ii., p. 119., relative to the memoir +published by Peckard, and other matters connected therewith, I should feel +obliged. + +MATERRE. + +Mr. Henning of Hillingden, a descendant of the Ferrar family, through his +great-uncle, Dr. John Mapletoft, (see Ward's _Lives of the Gresham +Professors_), who was the great-nephew of Nicholas Ferrar, possessed one of +the three curious volumes arranged by members of the family, {446} viz.--_A +Digest of the History of our Saviour's Life_, with numerous plates. One of +these copies was presented to Charles I. on his going into the North; +another to Charles II. at the Restoration; the third remained in the +family. Can any of your readers tell us whether the copies given to the two +kings exist, and if so, who are the present possessors of them? + +J.H.M. + +Bath + + * * * * * + +VINEYARDS. + +(Vol. ii., p. 393. 414.). + +CLERICUS will find some information in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for the +year 1775 (vol. xlv. pp. 513. 632.) which will direct him to a still fuller +discussion of the subject in the third volume of the _Archæologia_. + +N.B. + +At _Rochester_ there is a field so called; it is a very favourite _walk_. +In the neighbourhood of the _Cathedral at Bath_, there is one side of a +street so called. + +S.S. + +A part of the town of Richmond (Surrey) is called "the Vineyard." The name, +of the origin of which I am ignorant, is applied to a collection of small +houses between the Roman Catholic Chapel and the Rose Cottage Hotel. + +W.A.G. + +In the fields between Buckden and Diddington, in the county of Huntingdon, +there is what is called "the Vineyard" at the present day; and connected +therewith is what is called, and evidently from the shape has been, a "fish +pond." In Buckden is the abbot's house, with the original door; and there +is no doubt but what the above was, in olden times, belonging to a +religious house in that part. + +M.C.R. + +A small close of land adjoining the churchyard at Oiston, Nottinghamshire +(due west of the church), goes by the name of "the Vineyard." + +P.P. + +There is also a street at Abingdon called "the Vineyard," from the land +having been formerly used for that purpose by the Benedictines of Abingdon +Abbey. If my memory do not betray me, there is some interesting information +on the early cultivation of the vine in England, in an article by Mr. T. +Hudson Turner, in the _Archæological Journal_, which I have not now at +hand. + +H.G.T. + +There was a vineyard belonging to Ely Place, Holborn: and another probably +in the Abbey grounds at Westminster. A portion of the estate of the late +Chas. Powell, Esq., of Hinton Court, near Hereford, was called the +"Vineyard" and the Vineyard of the Monks of St. Mary's is yet pointed out +by the good folks of Beaulieu in Hampshire. The vineyards of Bath are in +the heart, not the suburbs of the present town. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + +TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION. + +(Vol. ii., p. 168.). + +As supplementary to J.B.'s valuable paper on the _Treatise of +Equivocation_, I transcribe the following from the _Smith Manuscripts_ +(num. lxix. 5. p. 35.), thinking it may leave an interest for some of your +readers:-- + + "_Apud, D.P._ 13th of May, 1597. + + _Gerard the Jesuite, his Defence of Æquivocation._ + + John Gerard, the Jesuite, being told that, upon the arraignment of + Sowthwell the priest of high treason, one of the witnesses being asked + upon her oath by one of the judges, in open court, whether Sowthwell + were ever in Bellamie's house, said that she had been perswaded by + Sowthwell to affirme upon her oath, that she did not see Sowthwell in + Bellamie's house and to keep this secret in her mind, of INTENT TO TELL + YOU, whereas in truth she had seen him diverse times in Bellamie's + house; and Sowthwell being charged therewith, openly confessed the + same, and sought to justifie the same by the place out of Jeremie, that + a man ought to swear _in judicio, justitiá, et veritate_. Now, this + John Gerrard, being asked what his opinion and judgment was concerning + Southwell's opinion above said, said that he was of the same opinion, + and seemed to justifie the same by the example of our Saviour Christ, + who said to His disciples, that _you shall go to Jerusalem, Ego autem + non ascendam_, keeping this secret to himself, of INTENT TO TELL YOU. + And also sayeth that our Saviour Christ said, that the Son of Man did + not know of the day of judgment, keeping this secret to himself, OF + INTENT TO TELL YOU; for he sayeth, that as he was Son of Man he knew + it, and could not be ignorant of any thing: and furder sayeth, that a + witness being examined, _juridicè_ and of temporal things, not + concerning religion or Catholics, cannot answer with such æquivocation + as is above said. And, forasmuch as this opinion and the defence + thereof seemed to be damnable and blasphemous, he was required to sett + down his own opinion therein, least he should be mistaken; but he + denied the same, not because it is untrue, but because he would not + publish it. Then being required to subscribe the same, denied the same + also. + + RICHARD BARKLEY. + WILLIAM WAAD. + EDWARD COOK. + THOMAS FLEMING." + +The reference "_Apud. D.P._," which stands as I have placed it above, may +perhaps enable some of your contributors to point out the source from which +this account is derived. The date at the top appears to have been added by +a later hand. + +J. SANSOM. + +Oxford, Nov. 1850. + + * * * * * + +RIOTS IN LONDON. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 273. 332.) + +Will you do me the favour to insert the following attempt to set right and +disentangle the thread {447} of my narrative respecting the death of young +Allen. Certain it is that I was not "an actor nor spectator," in the riots +of 1768, for they occurred some little time before I was born! It is +equally certain that a man well remembered by me as our servant, whose name +was "Mac," was a soldier concerned in the affair of Allen's death. As all +the three soldiers had the prefix of "Mac" to their names, I cannot tell +which of them it was, but it was _not_ the man who really shot Allen, and +_was never again heard of_; for "Mac," whom I so well remember, must have +lived with my father _after_ the affair of 1768, or _I_ could not have +known him. In my youthful remembrance, I have blended the story about him +with the riots which I had witnessed in 1780: this is the best and only +explanation I can give. Sure I am, that all my father related to me of that +man was true. I presume the "Mac" I knew must have been Maclane, as your +correspondent E.B. PRICE thinks probable, because of his trial and +acquittal, which agrees with my father's statement; and especially as he +was singled out and erroneously accused of the crime--as the quotation +above referred to states. All I can say is, I can relate no more; I have +told the story _as I remember it,_ and for myself can only apologise that +(though not so old as to witness the riots of 1768) I am old enough to +experience that Time has laid his hand not only on my head to whiten my +locks, but in this instance compels me to acknowledge that even the +memories of my early days are, like the present, imperfect. The failure is +with me, not with my father. + +This vindication of my honourable parent's undoubted veracity reminds me of +a circumstance that I have read or heard in a trial with regard to a right +of way across an inclosure. Several aged men had given their evidence, when +one said, "I remember that a public footpath for more than 100 years." "How +old are you?" said the counsel. "Somewhere about eighty," was as the reply. +"How then do you remember the path for 100 years?" "I remember (said the +old man firmly), when a boy, sitting on my father's knee, and he told me of +a robbery that took place on that footpath; and so I know it existed +_then_, for _my father never told a lie_." The point was carried, and the +footpath remains open to this day, to tell to all generations _the beauty +of truth_. + +SENEX. + +In Malcolm's _Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during the +eighteenth Century_, 4to. 1808, there is a + + "Summary of the Trial of Donald Maclane, on Tuesday last, at Guildford + Assizes, for the murder of William Allen Jun. on the 10th of May last + in St. George's Fields." + +Upon the trial mention was made of the paper stuck up against the walls of +the King's Bench Prison, from which it appears that it contained the +following: + + "Let * * * Judges, Ministers combine, + And here great Wilkes and Liberty confine. + Yet in each English heart secure their fame is + In spite of crowded levies at St. J----'s. + Then while in prison Envy dooms their stay, + Here grateful Britons daily homage pay." + +The inscription upon the tomb of William Allen was visible in 1817, and in +addition to the inscription on the north side, which has already been +printed in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 333), was as follows:-- + + _South Side._ + + "O disembody'd soul! most rudely driven + From this low orb (our sinful seat) to Heaven, + While filial piety can please the ear, + Thy name will still occur for ever dear: + This very spot now humaniz'd shall crave + From all a tear of pity on thy grave. + O flow'r of flow'rs! which we shall see no more, + No kind returning Spring can thee restore, + Thy loss thy hapless countrymen deplore. + + _East Side._ + + "O earth! cover not thou my blood."--_Job._ xvi. 18. + + _West Side._ + + "Take away the wicked from before the King, and His throne shall be + established in righteousness."--_Prov._ xxiii. 5. + +Fifteen months afterwards the father of William Allen presented a petition +to his majesty for vengeance on the murderers of his son. + +O. SMITH. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES + +_Osnaburg Bishopric_ (Vol. ii. p. 358.).--By the treaty of Osnaburg, in +1624, it was stipulated "that the alternate nomination to the Bishopric of +Osnaburg should be in the catholic bishops, and in the protestant branches +of the house of Luneburg." Thus, the Princes Ernest Augustus, the father of +George I., Ernest Augustus, brother of the same monarch, and the late Duke +of York, became sovereign-bishops of Osnaburg. But by the treaty of Vienna, +in 1815, the bishopric became an integral part of the kingdom of Hanover. +(Vide _Halliday's House of Guelph_, 4to. 1820, pp. 134, 135, 335.) + +F.E. + +_Death of Richard II._ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Otterburn tells us (pp. 228, +229.) that Richard II.'s death took place at _Pontefract Castle_, on St. +Valentine's day, and adds, that the body was exposed to public view in all +the principal towns through which it passed on the road to London. See also +Walsingham (p. 363.): + + "Clausitque diem extremum _apud castrum de Pontefracto_, die Sancti + Valentini." + +{448} The Keeper of the Wardrobe, moreover, received 100 marks for the +conveyance of the king's body from Pontefract to London. (_Issue Rolls_, 1 +Henry IV.) + +It was the belief of many contemporaries--and arguments have been adduced +by modern writers in support of the supposition--(see a very interesting +treatise on the subject in the second volume of Tytler's _History of +Scotland_), that Richard II. escaped from his prison, and lived for several +years in Stirling Castle. But be that as it may, Froissart, I think, is +clearly wrong in stating that he died in the Tower of London. + +O.P.Q. + +In answer to your Query relative to the death of Richard II., and his dying +at Pontefract, I beg to refer you to Devon's printed _Pell Records_, Hen. +III. to Hen. VI., p. 275, for the following entry: + + "17 February. To Thos. Tuttabury, clerk, keeper of the king's wardrobe, + In money paid to him by the hands of Wm. Pampleon, Esq., for expenses + incurred for the carriage of the body of Richard, late king of England, + _from the town of Pomferait to London_, by Writ, &c., 66l. 13s. 4d." + +Again, at page 276.: + + "To a certain other valet, sent from London, by direction of the king's + council, to Pontfreyt Castle for the protection and safe custody of the + body of Richard II., late king of England, In money paid to his own + hands for his wages and expenses, 6s. 8d." + +This seems to be decisive of the question; but there are several other +interesting entries bearing on the same point. + +D.P.R. + +_Scottish Prisoners sold to Plantations_ (Vol. ii., pp. 297. 350. 379.).-- + + "The judgements of heaven were never so visible upon any people as + those which have fallen upon the Scots since [the sale of Charles I.]; + for, besides the sweeping furious plague that reigned in Edinburgh, and + the incredible number of witches which have increased, and have been + executed there since; besides the sundry shameful defeats they have + received by the English, who carried away more of them prisoners than + they were themselves in number; _besides that many of them died of mere + hunger; besides that they were sold away slaves, at half a crown a + dozen, for foreign plantations among savages_; I say besides all this + chain of judgements, with diverse others, they have quite lost their + reputation among all mankind; some jeer them, some hate them, and none + pity them."--Howell's _German Dict._, p. 65., 1653. + +Echard, in _Hist. Eng._, vol. ii. p. 727., speaking of the prisoners taken +at Worcester, says that Cromwell + + "marched up triumphantly to London, driving four or five thousand + prisoners like sheep before him; making presents of them, as occasion + offered, as of so many slaves, and selling the rest for that purpose + into the English plantations abroad." + +W. DN. + +_Lachrymatories._--There is absolutely _no_ authority in any ancient author +for this name, and the best scholars speak of these vessels as _the bottles +usually called lachrymatories_, &c. It would be curious to discover when +the name was first used, and by whom first this absurd use was imagined. It +_[illegible]_ that their _proper_ use was to contain perfumes, scents, and +unguents, as sweet odours to rest with the departed. Becker says: + + "Bottles, filled with perfumes, were placed inside the tomb, which was + besprinkled _odoribus_. These are the tear-flasks, or _lachrymatories_, + so often mentioned formerly."--_Gallus_, p. 413. Eng. Tr. + +A wasteful use of perfumes at funerals (_sumptuosa respersio_, Cicero de +Legibus, ii. 23.) was forbidden by the Twelve Tables. The eighth verse of +the fifty-sixth Psalm, + + "My flight thou numberest: put my tears in thy bottle: stand they not + in thy book?"--_Hengstenberg_, Clarke's Tr. Edinb. + +is, I believe, the only evidence that can be brought in favour of the old +opinion; but we surely cannot take the highly figurative language of +Eastern poetry to establish a Roman custom of which we have no hint +elsewhere. This verse admits of a much simpler interpretation; see Arndt, +quoted by Hengstenberg _ad locum_. From a review of _Museum Disneianum_, +which appeared in No. XXIII. of the _Classical Museum_, it seems that Mr. +Disney has devoted to this subject some pages of the introduction to Part +II. of the above work, of which a summary is given by the reviewer. + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +Torreridge, Herts, Oct. 23. + +_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 205.).--MR. SANSOM is +sustained by Anthony Wood in assigning the _Querela_ to Dean Ryves; but it +may be doubted whether he were anything but the editor, publishing it as an +Appendix to the _Mercurius Rusticus_. The title of the work is _Querela +Cantabrigiensis: or A Remonstrance by way of Apologie for the banished +Members of the late flourishing University of Cambridge, by some of the +said Sufferers_. Now Dean Ryves was a member of the University of Oxford. +In Wood's _Fasti_, it is stated that he took the degree of B.A., Oct. 26, +1616, being then of New College. On June 9, 1619, he was admitted of +Magdalen College, as a member of which he took his B.D. in 1632, and +proceeded to D.D. in 1639. He had nothing therefore to do with the +sufferings of the members of the University of Cambridge. In the _Life of +Dr. Barwick_, the account given of the _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ is:-- + + "But _Mr. Barwick's_ no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together + with others of the university, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, + _and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own + college_, {449} gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and + under the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of + Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of _Mr. Richard + Royston_, a bookseller of _London_, who did great service to his king + and country, by printing and disposing, in the most difficult times, + books written in defence of the royal cause." pp. 32-33. + +In the Appendix (p.495. note), Dr. Bruno Ryves is mentioned, and spoken of +as the author of _Mercurius Rusticus_; but no notice is taken of his being +one of the authors of the _Querela_. Of Dr. Ryves, who assisted in the +Polyglot, a good account is given in Todd's _Life of Bishop Walton_, vol. +i. pp. 306-309. + +Barwick was upon another occasion assisted in a work against the League and +Covenant, published in 1644, by William Lacy of St. John's, Isaac Barrow of +Peter-House, Sethward of Sidney College, Edmund Baldero, and William +Quarles of Pembroke Hall, and Peter Gunning of Clare Hall. It is not an +improbable conjecture that some of these distinguished men assisted in the +composition of the _Querela_. + +A.B.R. + +Easton. + +_"Then" for "than."_--At the end of Selden's _Titles of Honour_ (edit. +1631), after the list of "Faults escapled in print," occur the words, "may +with no less difficulty be amended _then_ observed?" Was the word _then_ +commonly used in the sense of _than_; or is it a misprint? + +P.H.F. + + [Dr Latham, in _English Language_, p. 377. (3d ed.), observes. "As to + the word _than_, the conjunction of comparison, it is a variety of + _then_; the notions of _order_, _sequence_, and _comparison_, being + allied. _This is good; then_ (or _next in order_) _that is good_, is an + expression sufficiently similar to _this is better than that_ to have + given rise to it."] + +_Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--"The Papal +decision" referred to may probably be found in the Popes Letters of 2nd +Feb. 1849, and of 20th May, 1850. The former professes to seek for +information on this question from the priests and bishops of the whole +Catholic world, but at the same time it enunciates clearly the Pope's +opinion in favour of the doctrine. + +J.H.M. + +Bath. + +In the _Catholic Annual Register for the Year ended 30th June, 1850_, +published by Dolman, will be found the recent Allocution of his Holiness +Pius IX., a Pastoral of the Cardinal Wiseman, and one from the bishops of +America on this subject; from which your correspondent L. will be fully +able to discover the present state of the doctrine of the Catholic Church +on this mystery. + +FESTE. + +_Letters of Horning_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.).--Letters of Horning, in the law +of Scotland, are writs issuing under the signet of the sovereign (used in +the Supreme Court, or Court of Session, for signifying the sovereign's +assent to writs issuing from that court) obtained by creditors, commanding +messengers at arms + + "To charge the debtor to pay or perform his obligation within a day + certain." ... "If payment be not made within the days mentioned in the + horning, the messsenger, after proclaiming three oyesses at the + marketcross of the head borough of the debtor's domicil, and reading + the letters there, blows three blasts with a horn, by which the debtor + is understood to be proclaimed rebel to the king for contempt of his + authority." + + § 26. "Denunciation, if registered within fifteen days, either in the + sheriff's books or in the general register, drew after it the rebel's + single cheat, i.e. forfeiture of his moveables to the crown. So severe + a penalty, with the character of rebel affixed to denunciation on civil + debts, was probably owing to this; that anciently letters of horning + were not granted but to enforce the performance of facts within one's + own power, and when afterwards [in 1584] they came to be issued on + liquid debts, the legislature neglected to soften the penalty. Insomuch + that those who were denounced rebels, even for a civil cause, might be + put to death with impunity till 1612. Persons denounced rebels have not + a _persona standi ne judicio_. They can neither sue nor defend in any + action." + +I have preferred, to any explanation of my own, to make the preceding +extracts from Erskine's _Principles of the law of Scotland_, Book ii., +Title 5., Sections 24, 25, 26.,--a standard institutional work of the +highest authority. + +For those who are disinclined to examine the subject too gravely, I must +refer to another authority equally worthy of credit, viz. Sir Walter +Scott's _Antiquary_, where, in Chapter xviii., + + "Full of wise saws and modern instances." + +the subject of imprisonment for debt in Scotland is discussed most ably by +Jonathan Oldbuck, Esq., of Monkbarns, who proves to his nephew, Captain +McIntyre, that in that happy country no man can be legally imprisoned _for +debt_. He says,-- + + "You suppose now a man's committed to prison because he cannot pay his + debts? Quite otherwise; the truth is, the king is so good as to + interfere at the request of the creditor, and to send the debtor his + royal command to do him justice within a certain time; fifteen days, or + six, as the case may be. Well, the man resists, and disobeys; what + follows? Why, that he be lawfully and rightfully declared a rebel to + our gracious sovereign, whose command he has disobeyed, and that by + three blasts of a horn, at the market-place of Edinburgh, the + metropolis of Scotland. And he is then legally imprisoned, not on + account of any civil debt, but because of his ungrateful contempt of + the royal mandate." + +I have only quoted what was absolutely necessary to answer the Query; but +there is much more to be found on the subject in the same place. + +I cannot suppose that there is any one of your readers so illiterate as not +to have read the _Antiquary_, {450} there are few memories which are not +the better for being from time to time refreshed. My own is not of the +best, which is sometimes disadvantageous to me, but not in a case like +this. I have frequently read over the _Antiquary_, again and again, and +have always derived much pleasure and amusement from so doing, and that +pleasure I hope still again to enjoy. + +J. S----s. + +_Dr. Euseby Cleaver_ (Vol. ii., p. 297.).--Your correspondent H. COTTON, +Thurles, Ireland, is mistaken with reward to Dr. Euseby Cleaver. He was +never Bishop of Cork and Ross. He was Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, and +translated thence to the archbishopric of Dublin _about_ the year 1805. No +doubt the transaction will be found in the Registry of Ferns, but I do not +know the date of his consecration. + +I was acquainted with that good man, and my mother was his first cousin. + +R.S. + +Belgave, Nov. 15. 1850. + +_Mrs. Partington_ (Vol. ii., pp. 377. 411.).--In the Rev. Sydney Smith's +speech at Taunton, on the Lords' rejection of the Reform Bill, October, +1831, is this passage: + + "The attempt of the Lords to stop the progress of reform, reminds me + very forcibly of the great storm of Sidmouth, and of the conduct of the + excellent Mrs. Partington on that occasion. In the winter of 1824, + there set in a great flood upon that town--the tide rose to an + incredible height--the waves rushed in upon the houses, and everything + was threatened with destruction. In the midst of this sublime and + terrible storm, Dame Partington, who lived upon the beach, was seen at + the door of her house with mop and pattens, trundling her mop, + squeezing out the sea-water, and vigorously pushing away the Atlantic + Ocean. The Atlantic was roused. Mrs. Partington's spirit was up; but I + need not tell you that the contest was unequal. The Atlantic Ocean beat + Mrs Partington. She was excellent at a slop or a puddle, but she should + not have meddled with a tempest." + +This speech is reprinted in the collected editions of Sydney Smith's +_Works_. Unless an allusion to Mrs. Partington of a prior date to October, +1831, is produced, we may fairly consider that the celebrity of that lady +is owing to Sydney Smith. + +I doubt if Lord Brougham ever alluded to Mrs. Partington. Certain it is he +never made any speech in the House of _Commons_ on the Reform Bill, as he +was raised to the peerage some months before that bill was brought forward. + +C.H. COOPER. + +_"Never did Cardinal bring good to England"_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.).--Your +correspondent O.P.Q. refers to Dr. Lingard's _History of England_, in which +this exclamation of the Duke of Suffolk, on the adjournment of the legatine +inquiry into the validity of the marriage of Henry VIII. and Catharine of +Arragon, is termed an "old saw," and remarks that he should be glad to know +if this saying is to be met with elsewhere, and what gave rise to it. +Before we enter upon the inquiries suggested by O.P.Q., it seems to me that +we have to consider a previous question--what authority is there for +terming it an "old saw." Dr. Lingard refers to "Cavendish, 434.; Herbert, +278." as his authorities for the whole paragraph. But Herbert does not +contain anything of the kind and Cavendish relates the matter very +differently: + + "With that stepped forth the Duke of Suffolk from the king, and lay his + commandment spoke these words with a stout and an hault countenance, + 'It was never merry in England,' quoth he, 'whilst we had cardinals + amongst us!'"--Cavendish's _Wolsey_, pp. 232, 233, Singer's edition. + +Is Dr. Lingard the authority for these words being an "old saw", or has he +merely omitted to give a reference to the place from whence he really +derived them? + +BERUCHINO. + +_Pandects, Florentine Edition of_ (Vol. ii., p. 421.).--Your correspondent +R.G. will find copies of the Florentine edition of the Pandects of 1553, +both in the British Museum and in the Bodleian library at Oxford. It is +described in the catalogues of both under the title of _Pandecta_. + +C.L.L. + +_Master John Shorne_ (Vol. ii., p. 387.).--Mr. Thoms, in his curious notes +on this personage, has expressed much regret that fuller details relating +to a representation of _Magister Johannes Schorn_ at Cawston, Norfolk, +communicated to the Archæological Institute by the Rev. James Bulwer, had +not been preserved in the _Archæological Journal_. I believe that the +omission was solely in deference to Mr. Bulwer's intention of giving in +another publication the results of his inquiries, and those persons who may +desire detailed information regarding Master John will do well to peruse +Mr. Bulwer's curious memoir in the _Norfolk Archæology_, vol. ii. p. 280., +published March 1849, where representations of the figure at Cawston, and +of another at Gateley, Norfolk, are given. There seems to be no evidence +that Sir John, although in both instances pourtrayed with _nimbus_, had +been actually canonized and it is deserving of notice that in no ancient +evidence hitherto cited is he designated as a Saint, but merely as Master, +or Sir John. I am surprised that Dr. Husenbeth, who is so intimately +conversant with the examples of hagiotypic symbols existing in Norfolk, +should not have given him even a supplementary place in his most useful +manual of the _Emblems of Saints_, recently published. (Burns, 1850, 12mo.) +I have sought for Sir John in vain, in either section of that valuable +work. It occurs neither under the names of saints, nor in the series of +emblems. + +ALBERT WAY. + +_"Her brow was fair"_ (Vol. ii p. 407.).--The author of the passage quoted +by J.M.B. is Barry Cornwall. It occurs in one of the delicious {451} little +"Miscellaneous Poems" attached to the volume entitled _Dramatic Scenes_. +The quotation is not quite accurate, the last two words of the first line, +"and look'd," being carried into the second, and thus destroying the metre +of both. The Dr. Armstrong alluded to by J.M.B. is, I suppose, a modern +celebrity of whom I must plead guilty of being ignorant. The lines could, +of course, only occur in the writings of the Dr. Armstrong who wrote _The +Art of Preserving Health_, and who was the friend of the poet Thomson, +through the interpolation of some modern editor, within the last thirty +years. Barry Cornwall's poems have never been collected, in this country at +least; and as the volume which contains the one in question is to be met +with only occasionally, on the book stalls, I send you the entire poem:-- + + THE MAGDALEN. + + "And woman who had wept her loveliest dower + There hid her broken heart. + _Paris._ "I do remember it. Twas such a face + As Guido would have loved to dwell upon; + But oh! the touches of his pencil never + Could paint her perfect beauty. In her home + (Which once she did desert) I saw her last; + Propp'd up by pillows, swelling round her like + Soft heaps of snow, yielding, and fit to bear + Her faded figure. I observed her well: + Her brow was fair, but _very_ pale, and look'd + Like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil + Its whiteness. O'er her temple one blue vein + Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand + Branch'd like the fibre of a leaf--away. + Her mouth was tremulous, and her cheek wore then + A flush of beautiful vermilion, + But more like art than nature; and her eye + Spoke as became the youthful Magdalen, + Dying and broken-hearted." + +G.J. DE WILDE. + +_Dodd's Church History_ (Vol. ii., p. 347).--G.R., who is good enough to +speak of my edition of this work in a very flattering manner, presumes, and +not unnaturally, from the lengthened period which has elapsed since the +appearance of the last, or fifth volume, that its continuation "has for +some reason or other been abandoned." I am glad, however, to inform him +that such is not the case. Health, and other uncontrollable circumstances, +have unfortunately interfered to impede the progress of the work; but that +it is not abandoned, I hope, ere long, to give to him and to the public a +practical evidence. + +M.A. TIERNEY. + +Arundel, Nov. 1850. + +_Blackwall Docks_ (Vol. i., pp. 141. 220.).--These, in Pepys' time, +probably included more than the dry docks, known as Wigram's and Green's; +_e.g._, in Sir Thomas Brame's _Letters_, dated 29th Sept. 1666, we read: + + "Blackwall hath the largest wet dock in England, and belongs chiefly to + the East India Company."--Sir Thos. Brame's _Letters_, edit. Wilkin, t. + i. p. 135. + +W. DN. + +_Wives of Ecclesiastics_ (Vol. i., p. 149.).--In Archdeacon Hale's _Curious +Precedents in Criminal Causes_, p. 23., under 1490, and in the parish of S. +Nicholas, Coldharbour, London, we read: + + "Nicholai Colde.--Johannes Warwick quondam clericus parochie ibidem + adulteravit cum Rosa Williamson et ob amorem illius mutilavit et quasi + interfecit uxorem propriam." + +We may remark that the delinquent is not called Dominus, but "clericus +parochie." + +W. DN. + +_Stephens' Sermons_ (Vol. i., p. 334.).--The sermons referred to by +BALLIOLIENSIS, with a suggestion that they may be those of the Rev. W. +Stephens, were preached by Rev. Samuel Johnson, vicar of Great, and rector +of Little Torrington. Stephens was subsequently vicar of St. Andrew's, +Plymouth, a living then in the gift of the corporation. + +W. DN. + +_Saying of Montaigne_ (Vol. ii., p. 278.).--I have seen this attributed to +Fenelon, and, I think, to an English divine; but have no "Note," and regret +I cannot recollect the name. + +ESTE. + +_Scala Coeli_ (Vol. ii., p. 285.)--They are not _in_ the church of St. John +Lateran, but in a separate portico-like building. They form the middle +flight, up which the faithful ascend on their knees, and descend by +ordinary stairs on each side. These stairs are of stone (or marble), and +are covered with boards, so that only parts are visible. They are said to +have formed part of Pilate's house at Jerusalem; but I believe there are +other claimants for the honour. One or two brass stars, inlaid in the +stone, are said to mark the spots where Christ's tears fell. + +ESTE. + +Birmingham, Nov. 13. 1850. + +_Red Hand--Holt Family--Aston Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 241.).--The tradition +is not, I belive, of very ancient date. It is stated that one of the Holt +family murdered his cook, and was afterwards compelled to adopt the red +hand in his arms. It is, however, obviously only the "Ulster badge" of +baronetcy. I have never heard any further particulars of the tradition. + +ESTE. + +_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).-- + + "Toison d'or parut ensuite; il apportait un faisan vivant, orné d'un + collier d'or; alors le duc Philippe, suivant l'ancien usage qu'avaient + les seigneurs de prêter leurs serments sur quelque noble oiseau, jura + qu'il irait en personne dans l'Orient combattre le chef des Sarrasins." + &c., &c.--_Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne_, par F. Valentin, troisième + édition, p. 235. 8vo. Tours, 1846. + +E.J.M. + +Oxford. + +{452} _"Tickhill, God help me!"_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--Chagford, on the +borders Dartmoor, in Devon, is in winter a very desolate and almost +unapproachable place. If an inhabitant be asked at this season concerning +his locality, he calls it, in sad tones, "Chagford, good Lord!" In summer +the place is picturesque and much sought, and then the exulting designation +is "Chaggiford, and what d'ye think?" + +Widdicombe-in-the-Moor, in the same neighbourhood, is a most out-of-the-way +place, and is commonly spoken of as "Widdicombe in the cold country, good +Lord!" + +J.W.H. + +_"Noli me tangere"_ (Vol. ii., p. 253.).--To the list given of the painters +of this subject may be added _Frederico Baroccio_. A singularly beautiful +engraving by Raphael Morghen of this picture, then in the possession of the +Marquis Bonvisi of Lucca, was published at Florence, 1816. + +C.I.R. + +_Judas Bell, Judas Candle, &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the parish +accounts of Lambeth, the two following entries occur:-- + + "1516. To James Calcot for payntyng of Judas, 6d." + "1523. Paid for a staff for Judas crosse -- 4d." + +I venture to add these to the instances cited by Mr. Walcott, hoping that +the slightly varied form may furnish a clue by which some of your readers +may be able to unravel the meaning of such allusions more satisfactorily +than any yet attempted. + +J.C.B. + +_Burial towards the West_ (Vol. ii., p. 408.).--Mr. Hawker has stated very +confidently that + + "It was the ancient usage of the Church that the martyr, the bishop, + the saint, and even the priest, should occupy in their sepulture a + position the reverse of the secular dead, and lie down with their feet + westward and their heads to the rising sun." + +It is true that a custom has existed in many places for nearly two +centuries and a half to assign to the clergy a method of interment distinct +from that adopted for the laity; and the observance of this usage is not +limited to Romanists, for its continuance may be noted among members of the +Church of Ireland also, at least in remote districts of that country. With +respect to this matter, however, your correspondent has entirely misapplied +the term "ancient;" for until the seventeenth century there was not any +difference in the mode of sepulture prescribed for priests and laymen but, +most commonly, all persons entitled to Christian burial were placed with +their feet toward the east, in consequence of a tradition relative to the +position of our Saviour's body in the tomb. (Haimo, _Hom. pro Die Sancto +Pasch._; J. Gregrory, _Oriens nomen Ejus_, 85., Martene, _De Antiq. Eccles. +Ritibus_, tom. ii. p. 374. Venet. 1783.) It is believed that there is no +earlier authority for the sacerdotal privilege in question than a rule +contained in the _Rituale Romanum_ sanctioned by Pope Paul V. in June, +1614; viz.: + + "Corpora defunctorum in ecclesia ponenda sunt pedibus versus altare + majus ... Presbyteri verò habeant caput versus altare."--Cap. _De + Exsequiis_, p. 63. Antwerp, 1635. + +A rubric afterwards directs (p. 168.) that the bier should be so set down +in the middle of the church that in every case the injunction previously +given should be complied with, even from the commencement of the funeral +service; and, in fact, the manner of adhering to the established practice +of exhibiting in the church to the people the bodies of the deceased +clergy, clad in vestments, prior to their interment (on which occasions an +altar-ward posture was naturally selected for the head, in order that the +remains might be more easily seen), appears to have originated the idea of +the fitness of retaining an unjustifiable priestly prerogative at the time +of burial. + +Mr. Hawker may peruse with much advantage the first Appendix in the second +edition of _Eusebii Romani Epistola de Cultu Sanctorum ignotorum_. Mabillon +has herein very usefully enlarged what he had said, "De Sepultura +Sacerdotum," in the preceding impression, of which a French translation was +speedily published at Paris, 12mo in eights, 1698. The text of both +editions may be found together in tome i. of the _Ouvrages posthumes de +Mabillon et Ruinart_, à Paris, 1724. + +R.G. + +_Totnes Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 376).--As the priory of St. Mary stood on the +N.E. side of the parish church, it is not improbable that the arched +passage to which your querist H.G.T. refers may have been formed between +the two buildings, and found needful to allow room for the extension of the +chancel on the re-erection of the church in 1432. Perhaps if H.G.T. could +refer to the ancient documents brought to light by the fall of one of the +pinnacles into the room over the porch in 1799, he would gain some +information in connexion with his inquiry. The following note may have +reference to the very "gangway" in question: + + "William Ryder of Totnes, by his will dated 18th Nov. 1432 desires to + be buried in the cemetery of the parish church, in itinere + processionali juxta ecclesiam prioris et conventus Totton, ex opposito + magni altaris ejusdem ecclesiæ."--See Dr. Oliver's _Monasticum Dioc. + Exon._ p. 239. + +It appears that the present churchyard is the site of the priory, but on +this point the labours of the sexton would probably give some intimation. + +S.S.S. + +_Irish Brigade_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Your correspondent J.B. will find +some interesting particulars concerning the Irish Brigade in the _Military +History of the Irish Nation_, by Matthew O'Conor, extending to the peace of +Utrecht in 1711. It {453} was never finished. There is very valuable +Appendix in French, written in 1749, and authenticated September 1. 1815, +by the Adj.-Comm.-Col. De M. Morres (Hervé); it gives the war-orders, pay, +changes in the organization, and numbers of this gallant corps. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +We have received the second edition of _Chronicles of the Ancient British +Church_. The author exhibits great industry and research, and brings that +kindly reverential temper to his subject, which cannot fail to win for it +the sympathy of his readers. The apostolic origin of British Christianity, +and the early independence of the British Church, are satisfactorily +maintained, the labours of St. Patrick in Ireland, St. David and his +workfellows in Wales, St. Columba and St. Ninian in the North, are duly +chronicled; and the slender particulars that remain to us of the ancient +Church in Cornwall, are gleaned up with diligence and accuracy. The volume +is put together in a readable and popular shape, but is not unworthy the +attention of even our clerical friends. The author takes nothing upon +trust, and while availing himself of the labours of Usher, Stillingfleet, +&c., he ascends to the original authorities from which they drew, and makes +us acquainted with the pages of Gildas, Nennius, and Giraldus Cambrensis. + +There is a time-honoured proverb, which bids us "Laugh and grow fat." The +author of a series of very witty and instructive papers written under the +title of, and for the prose of showing us _How to make Home +Unhealthy_,--written, too, it is obvious, on the principle of "When I say +hold fast, let go, and When I say let go, hold fast,"--has improved upon +the old saw, and bids us "Laugh and grow healthy." The subject is one which +comes home to everybody, and we accordingly recommend everybody in search +of a pleasant half-hour's reading of a happy combination of common sense +and uncommon humour to apply themselves to the study of _How to make Home +Unhealthy_. + +We last week called attention to several Flemish works likely to interest +English readers. We have since seen how desirable it is that this should be +done, in the fact, that a curious Flemish Rhyming Chronicle respecting our +Edward III., by Jan de Klerk, edited in 1840 by that accomplished antiquary +Willems, and of which only 100 copies were printed, has hitherto been so +little known in this country, that nearly a quarter of the whole impression +was left unsold in the hands of the late Mr. Rodd. At the last sale of Mr. +Rodd's books they were purchased by Mr. Quaritch. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Thomas Thorpe's (13. Henrietta +Street, Covent Garden) General Catalogue of the most extensive Collection +of Curious Books on Sale in this or any other country, in most Languages +and classes of Literature, and including many hundred Articles of the +utmost rarity; William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue of Second-hand +English and Foreign Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile, Holborn) List No. +XXX. of Miscellaneous Second-hand Books; Reeves' and Turner's (98. Chancery +Lane) Catalogue No. 14. of Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 14. for 1850, of Books Old and +New; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue Part CXVIII., No. 12. for +1850, of Old and New Books. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Wednesday next and three +following days, the valuable Philological, Biblical, and Miscellaneous +Library of the late Rev. Richard Garnet of the British Museum. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +OBI. An early and abridged edition. + +BURKE'S WORKS. 9 vols. 8vo. 1845. + +LAWRIE'S HOMOEOPATHIC DOMESTIC MEDICINE. Last Edition. + +_Odd Volumes._ + +KNIGHT'S LONDON, Nos. 27. 53. 57. 98. 105. 146. + +POPE'S WORKS. Warburton, 8vo. 1760. Vol. II. + +CARTER'S ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND. 1793. Part I. + +PARKINSON'S SERMONS on Points of Doctrine and Rules of Duty. 1832. Vol. I. + +ALISON'S EUROPE. First 8vo. edition. Vol. IX. + +NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. II. III. V. + +NICHOLSON'S ARCHITECTURAL DICTIONARY. Parts XV. to the end. + +URE'S DICTIONARY of Arts and Manufactures. Part VI. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_We this week present our Subscribers with eight pages extra to meet our +increasing Correspondence. But though our present Number is thus enlarged, +we are compelled again to postpone many valuable communications, which are +already in type._ + +J.D.N.N. (_Renfrewshire_) _is thanked for his kind note. He will see by the +present Number, that there is no occasion for the alternative he suggests._ + +TWYFORD, _whose Query respecting the_ OGDEN FAMILY _appears at page 73, is +requested to say how a note may reach him._ + +_Communications should be addressed to the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, +_care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. _Fleet Street._ + +_Part XIII. for November, price 1s. 3d., is now ready for delivery._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_Errata._--P. 365, l. 36, for "ee_n_ or de_n_" read "e_r_ or de_r_"; p. +405, l. 16, for "Gar_n_elies" read "Gar_u_elies", p. 414, l. 13, for +J.V.R.W. read J.K.R.W.; p. 430, l. 9, for "441" read "414"; p. 420, l. 52, +for [Greek: exeleleiptô] read [Greek: exeleleipto]; p. 422, l. 5, for +_Amæn. Lit._ iii. read _Amæn. Lit._ ii.--l. 42, dele; after "manifest"; and +in col. 2, l. 26, for "milcinqcens et _o_nze" read "mil cinqcens et +_u_nze." + + * * * * * + + +{454} NEW WORKS. + +I. + +The late LORD HOLLAND'S FOREIGN REMINISCENCES. Edited by his Son, HENRY +EDWARD LORD HOLLAND. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. [On Friday next. + +II. + +Mr. MACAULAY'S HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Accession of James II. Seventh +Edition. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 32s. + +III. + +SOUTHEY'S LIFE and CORRESPONDENCE. Edited by his Son, the Rev. C.C. +SOUTHEY, M.A.; with Portraits and Illustrations. 6 vols. post 8vo. 63s. + +IV. + +Mr. MACAULAY'S CRITICAL and HISTORICAL ESSAYS. New Edition, complete in One +Volume; with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. 21s. calf, 30s. + +V. + +ESSAYS IN ECCLESIASTICAL BIOGRAPHY. By the Right Hon. Sir JAMES STEPHEN, +K.C.B. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s. + +VI. + +Mr. HENRY ROGERS'S ESSAYS selected from Contributions to the Edinburgh +Review. 2 vols. 8vo, 24s. + +VII. + +Mr. S. LAING'S OBSERVATIONS on the SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of the +EUROPEAN PEOPLE in 1848 and 1849. 8vo. 14s. + +VIII. + +Mr. W.C. TOWNSEND'S COLLECTION of MODERN STATE TRIALS. Revised, and +illustrated with Essays and Notes. 2 vols. 8vo. 30s. + +IX. + +Sir JOHN HERSCHEL'S OUTLINES of ASTRONOMY. New Edition; with Plates and +Woodcuts. 8vo. 18s. + +X. + +The Rev. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY of the ROMANS under the EMPIRE. Vols. I. and +II. 8vo. 28s. + +XI. + +LOYOLA: and JESUITISM in its RUDIMENTS. By ISAAC TAYLOR. With medallion +Portrait. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +XII. + +The GEOLOGY and FOSSILS of the TERTIARY and CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS of +SUSSEX. By the late F. DIXON, Esq., F.G.S.; with Woodcuts and Forty-Four +Plates. Royal 4to. 63s.; India Proofs, 5l. 5s. [Early in December. + +XIII. + +Mrs. JAMESON'S SACRED and LEGENDARY ART. New Edition; with 16 Etchings by +the Author and many Woodcuts. Square crown 8vo. 28s. + +XIV. + +ALARIC A. WATTS'S POETRY and PAINTING, LYRICS of the HEART; and OTHER +POEMS. With 41 Steel Plates. Square crown 8vo. 31s. 6_d_; morocco, by +Hayday, 45s.; Proof impressions, 63s. [On Friday next. + +XV. + +JAMES MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS. New Edition, complete in One Volume; +with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.; morocco, 21s. + +XVI. + +SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. By "The SPECTATOR" With Notes, &c., by W.H. WILLS; +and Twelve fine Woodcuts from designs by FREDERICK TAYLER. Crown 8vo. 15s.; +morocco, by Hayday, 27s. + +XVII. + +VILLA VEROCCHIO; or, the YOUTH of LEONARDO DA VINCI: a Tale. By the late +DIANA LOUISA MACDONALD. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. + +XVIII. + +The HUNTING FIELD. By HARRY HIEOVER. With Two Plates, "The Right Sort," and +"The Wrong Sort." Fcap. 8vo. 5s. + +XIX. + +Gleig's School Series. + +FIRST BOOK OF HISTORY--ENGLAND. Complete in Two Parts. Forming the first +Work Of a New School Series, edited by the Rev. G.R. GLEIG, M.A. 18mo. in +Two Parts, price 1s. each. + +"These little books are not only good in themselves, but promise a whole +crop of goodness in educational literature.... The present _History of +England_ is a sample and a very good one,--clear, comprehensive, and +conveying knowledge."--_Spectator._ + +*** The Prospectus may be had on application to Messrs. Longman and Co., +and of all Booksellers. + +London + +Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. + + * * * * * + +{455} Committee for the Repair of the TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER. + + JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A. + J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A. + PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A. + THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A. + SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.II. + JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A. + HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A. + SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A. + +The Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering into +irretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect +repair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit to the +subscription; they themselves, have opened the list with a contribution +from each of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready to receive any +amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may +be kind enough to remit to them. + +Subscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, and +Shaftesbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon, Pres. Soc. Antiq., The Lords +Braybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and gentlemen. + +Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the +Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at the +Charing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46. +Parliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. Holy-Well +Street, Millbank. + + * * * * * + +Published this day, + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE, NATIONAL EDITION. + +Published in Fortnightly Parts, price 1s. each. And Monthly Sections, price +2s. 6d. each. + +Part IV., containing "King John," and Section II., containing "Love's +Labour's Lost," and "King John," with a portion of the "Biography" and the +"Studies." + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET, + +And sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country; on application to whom may +be obtained Descriptive Catalogue of the Publications issued by CHARLES +KNIGHT. + + * * * * * + +Periodicals for December. + +PENNY MAPS.--Part 5. Containing Four Maps in a Wrapper. Price 4½d. plain, +or 8½d. coloured. + +THE DALTONS; or, THREE ROADS IN LIFE. By CHARLES LEVER. No. 8. Price 1s. +Illustrated by PHIZ. + +THE BARONIAL HALLS. No. IX. Price 2s. 6d. Re-issue in super-royal 4to. + +THE JOURNAL of DESIGN and MANUFACTURES. No. 22. Price 1s. With numerous +Fabric Patterns and Illustrations. + +WORKS OF SIR E. BULWER LYTTON, Bart. Cheap Edition. Part 41. Price 7d. + +BECK'S FLORIST AND GARDEN MISCELLANY. No. 24. Price 1s. With a coloured +Illustration and Woodcuts. + +NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE. NO. 360. Price 3s. 6d. Edited by W. HARRISON +AINSWORTH, Esq. + +AINSWORTH'S MAGAZINE. NO. 107. Price 2s. 6d. + +London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 186. Strand. + + * * * * * + +EPISTOLÆ OBSCURORUM VIRORUM alia que Aevi XVI monimenta rarissima. Edited +by E. Münch (the best edition, published at l0s. 6d.). offered at 5s., or +6s. free by post. + +GRAFF'S ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ, Wörterbuch der Althochdeutscher +Sprache mit Index von Massmann, 7 vols, 4to. (published at 7l.) offered at +3l. 3s. carriage free. + +A small number of copies of the above valuable works are offered at the +above prices by WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + +Just completed and ready for delivery. + +GOTHIC ORNAMENTS. By J.K. COLLING, Architect, in 2 vols. royal 4to., price +7l. 10s. in appropriate _[book details not legible]_ Gothic Cathedrals and +Churches of the Middle Ages. The work may be also had in numbers, price +3s., or in parts, together or separately. Parts 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, at +1l. 1s. each; part 4, at 10s. and part 8, at 12s. + +"'The Gothic Ornaments' constitutes a gorgeous work, illustrated by gold +and colour, giving correct ideas of the magnificence of the original +examples of which the unilluminated works afford but a scanty +conception."--_Civil Engineer and Architects' Journal_, Aug. 1849. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 1l. 16s. Vols. I and II. illustrated with many +Engravings on Wood and Copper. + +THE CHURCH OF OUR FATHERS; or, St. Osmond's Rite for the Church of +Salisbury. From a Manuscript in the Library of that Cathedral. Printed for +the first time, and elucidated with Dissertations on the belief and Ritual +of the Church in England, before and after the coming of the Normans. By +DANIEL ROCK, D.D., and Canon of the English Chapter. Vol. III. at Press. + +Also, price 3s. 6d., in Octavo. + +DID THE EARLY CHURCH IN IRELAND ACKNOWLEDGE THE POPE'S SUPREMACY? Answered +in a Letter to Lord John Manners, from DANIEL ROCK, D.D. + +London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price Half-a-Crown, + +JUNIUS AND HIS WORKS COMPARED with the Character and Writings of Phillip +Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield. by WILLIAM CHAMP, Author of "The +Philosophy of Language." + +London: HOPE & CO., Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street + + * * * * * + +TO GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO PUBLISH. + +HOPE AND CO., Publishers., 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, undertake +the PRINTING and PUBLISHING of BOOKS and PAMPHLETS greatly under the usual +charges. The works are got up in the best style, and tastefully and +economically bound. Every attention is also paid to the publishing +department. A specimen pamphlet of bookwork, with prices, a complete +Author's Guide, sent post free for 4d. + +Gentlemen will save nearly one half by employing Hope and Co. + + * * * * * + +JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publié á Londres.--Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, fondé en +1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numéro les nouvelles de la +semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de Paris, la Semaine +Dramatique par Th. Gautier on J. Janin, la Révue de Paris par Pierre +Durand, et reproduit en entier les romans, nouvelles, etc., en vogue par +les premiers écrivains de France. Prix 6d. + +London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane. + + * * * * * + +Nearly ready, price, neatly bound in Cloth 3s.; With gilt edges in Roan +Tuck, as Pocket-Book 5s.; with gilt edges, in Morocco Tuck, as Pocket-Book +6s. 6d. + +WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY and ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, for the Year of +our Lord 1851, containing an Almanack and Diary, with a variety of +Information useful to the Clergy, compiled from the best Sources. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + * * * * * + +{456} PUBLICATIONS OF W. PICKERING, 177. PICCADILLY, + +DR. RICHARDSON'S DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, combining Explanation +with Etymology, and Illustrated by Quotations from the best Authorities. +The Words with those of the same Family in German, Dutch, and Swedish, or +in Italian, French, and Spanish, are traced to their Origin. The +Explanations are deduced from the Primitive Meaning through their various +usages. The Quotations are arranged Chronologically from the earliest +Period to the beginning of the present Century. 2 vols. 4to., reduced to +4l. + +Abridged in One thick volume octavo, Third Edition, reduced to 15s. + +A NEW DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, to which is affixed a Grammatical +and Etymological Examination, adapted to the Dictionary. + +EARLY ENGLISH POETRY. Edited by THOMAS WRIGHT. Printed in the Black Letter. +4 vols 16mo. half-bound morocco, 1l. + +Containing--I. The Turnament of Tottenham. The Feest, a Sequel to the same +Poem.--II. The Nutbrowne Maid.--The Tale of the Basin, and that of the +Frere and the Boy, two early Ballads of Magic.--IV. Songs and Carols from a +MS. in the British Museum. + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES, with an Essay on his Language and +Versification, an Introductory Discourse, and Glossary, by THOMAS TYRWHITT. +5 vols. crown 8vo. with a Portrait, and an Engraving of the celebrated +Pilgrimage, by STOTHARD, 2l. 12s. 6d. + +CHAUCER'S ROMAUNT of the ROSE, TROILUS and CRESEIDE, &c., with Life by SIR +HARRIS NICOLAS, 3 vols. crown 8vo. 1l. 11s. 6d. + +*** A Supplement to Tyrwhitt's Edition of Chaucer, which completes the +Poetical Works. + +EARLY ENGLISH DRAMATISTS, Edited by the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE, uniformly +printed in crown 8vo. viz.:-- + +GREENE, 2 vols. 2ls. PEELE. 3 vols. 1l. 11s. 6d. KIT MARLOWE, 3 vols. 1l. +11s. 6d. The third vol. of PEELE may be had separately, price 10s. 6d. + +HESPERIDES, or the Works both Humane and Divine of ROBERT HERRICK, Esq., 2 +vols. fcp. 8vo. with Portrait, 12s. + +PIERS PLOUGHMAN'S VISION AND CREDE, newly imprinted from a MS. in Trinity +College, Cambridge, edited with Notes and a Glossary, by THOMAS WRIGHT, +Esq., 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 1l. 1s. + +THE POEMS OF BEOWULF, AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, with a copious Glossary, by +JOHN M. KEMBLE, Esq. Fcp. 8vo. 15s. + +BEOWULF, an Epic Poem, translated from the Anglo-Saxon into English Verse, +by A. DIEDRICH WACKER-BARTH, A.B. Fcp. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +THE POETICAL ROMANCES of TRISTAN, in French, in Anglo-Norman, and in Greek. +Composed in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Edited by FRANCISQUE +MICHEL. 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 1l. 10s. + +CHARLEMAGNE'S TRAVELS TO CONSTANTINOPLE and JERUSALEM: a Norman-French Poem +of the Twelfth Century, now first printed from the original MS. in the +British Museum. Edited by F. MICHEL. Fcp. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +CONQUEST OF IRELAND an Early Anglo-Norman Metrical History of the Conquest +of Ireland, from a MS. at Lambeth. Edited by FRANCISQUE MICHEL. Fcp. 8vo. +10s. 6d. + +MASTER WACE HIS CHRONICLE of the NORMAN CONQUEST, from the ROMAN DE ROU, by +EDGAR TAYLOR, F.A.S., with wood cuts, 8vo. 1l. 8s. The PLATES SEPARATELY, +coloured after the originals, 8vo. 1l. 1s. + +ANCIENT FRAGMENTS of the Phoenician, Chaldean, Egyptian, and other Writers, +Greek and English, with an Introductory Dissertation, by ISAAC PRESTON +CORY. 8vo., Second Edition, 1l. 1s. + +THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR PHILIP SIDNEY and HUBERT LANGUET, now first +collected and translated from the Latin. With Notes and an introduction, by +the Rev. S. A. PEARS, M.A., Fellow of C.C.C. Oxford. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +A MANUAL OF BRITISH HISTORIANS, comprising An Account of the Monkish +Writers, Early Chroniclers, and the Collections in which they are printed, +with the Period of each History, and when the Writer flourished. By WM. D. +MACRAY, of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 8vo. 9s. + +CRITICK OF PURE REASON, translated from the Original of IMMANUEL KANT, with +Notes and Explanation of Terms, by FRANCIS HAYWOOD. Second Edition, 8vo. +18s. + +AN ANALYSIS OF KANT'S CRITICK OF PURE REASON. By the Translator of that +Work. 8vo. 6s. + +A GUIDE to the STUDY OF HERALDRY, by J.A. MONTAGU, Esq., of Magdalen +College, Cambridge, in 4to., with numerous wood-cuts, 18s. + +A DISPLAY of HERALDRY by WILLIAM NEWTON. Numerous Woodcuts, 8vo. 14s. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St Bride in the city of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 30. 1850. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 57, November +30, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + +***** This file should be named 15405-8.txt or 15405-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/0/15405/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/15405-8.zip b/15405-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1e5b87 --- /dev/null +++ b/15405-8.zip diff --git a/15405-h.zip b/15405-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..de1393c --- /dev/null +++ b/15405-h.zip diff --git a/15405-h/15405-h.htm b/15405-h/15405-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4eb18a --- /dev/null +++ b/15405-h/15405-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3706 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title>Notes And Queries, Issue 57.</title> + <style type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + p.center {text-align: center;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i12 {margin-left: 12em;} + .poem p.i16 {margin-left: 16em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ + </style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 18, 2005 [EBook #15405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 433 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page433" id="page433"></a>{433}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="25%"> + <b>No. 57.</b> + </td> + <td align="center" width="50%"> + <b>SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30. 1850.</b> + </td> + <td align="right" width="25%"> + <b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="94%"> + NOTES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Portrait of Cardinal Beaton + </td> + <td align="right" width="5%"> + <a href="#page433">433</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + On the Pointing of a Passage in "All's Well that Ends Well" by A. + Roffe + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page434">434</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Folk-Lore:—The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet —Power + of prophesying before Death—Change in the Appearance of the + Dead—Strange Remedies—Mice as a Medicine—Omens from + Birds + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page434">434</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Mode of computing Interest + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page435">435</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + On the Cultivation of Geometry in Lancashire + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page436">436</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Notes.—Sermon's Pills—An Infant Prodigy—A + Hint for Publishers—"He who runs may read"—The + Rolliad—The Conquest + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page438">438</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + QUERIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Bibliographical Queries + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page440">440</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Queries.—Dr. Timothy Thruscross—Echo + Song—Meaning of Thwaites—Deus Justificatus— Death + by Burning—Irish Bull—Farquharson's Observations on + Auroræ—Defender of the Faith—Calendar of Sundays in Greek + and Roman Churches—Dandridge the Painter—Chaucer's + Portrait by Occleve—John o'Groat's House—Dancing the + Bride to Bed—Duke and Earl of Albermarle + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page441">441</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + REPLIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Julin, the Drowned City + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page443">443</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Nicholas Ferrar and the so-called Arminian Nunnery of Little Gidding + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page444">444</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Vineyards + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page446">446</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Treatise of Equivocation, by J. Sansom + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page446">446</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Riots in London + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page446">446</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Replies to Minor Queries:—Osnaburg Bishoprick—Death of + Richard II.—Scottish Prisoners sold to + Plantations—Lachrymatories—Querela Cantabrigiensis— + "Then" for "than."—Doctrine of the Immaculate + Conception—Letters of Horning—Dr. Euseby + Cleaver—Mrs. Partington—"Never did Cardinal bring good to + England"—Florentine Edition of the Pandects—Master John + Shorne—"Her Brow was Fair"—Dodd's Church + History—Blackwall Docks—Wives of + Ecclesiastics—Stephens' Sermons—Saying of + Montaigne—Scala Cœli—Red Hand + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page447">447</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + MISCELLANEOUS:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notes on Books, Sales Catalogues, &c. + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page453">453</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page453">453</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notices to Correspondents + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page454">454</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Advertisements + </td> + <td align="right"> + <a href="#page454">454</a> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>NOTES</h2> + +<h3>PORTRAIT OF CARDINAL BEATON.</h3> + + <p>A portrait of this eminent Man was engraved by Pennant, from a picture + at Holyrood House, in Part II. of his <i>Tour in Scotland</i>, p. 243. + 4to. Lond. 1776. Lodge has an engraving from the same portrait in his + collection of <i>Illustrious Personages</i>. This is a strange + circumstance; because, when Pinkerton was about to include this portrait + in his collection, Pennant wrote to him, on 30th April, 1796, as + follows:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Give me leave to say, that I suspect the authenticity of my Cardinal + Beaton. I fear it is Cardinal Falconer or Falconieri. I think there is a + genuine one somewhere in Scotland. It will be worth your while to inquire + if there be one, and engrave it, and add my suspicions, which induce you + do it."—Pinkerton's <i>Correspondence</i>, vol. i. p. 402. 8vo. + Lond. 1830.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Pinkerton made inquiry, and on Dec. 1st, 1797, writes to the Earl of + Buchan:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Mr. Pennant informs me the Cardinal Beaton is false. It is, indeed, + too modern. A real Beaton is said to exist in Fife."—Pinkerton's + <i>Correspondence</i>, vol. ii. p. 17.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Lord Buchan writes to him that Mr. Beaton, of Balfour, believes + himself to have a genuine portrait of the Cardinal, and offers it for + engraving. The authenticity of this portrait, however, appears not to + have been established, and it was not engraved. Another was found at + Yester, and was at first concluded to be a genuine original: but Lady + Ancram soon discovered that it possessed no marks of originality, but + might be a good copy: it was, however, certainly <i>not</i> one of the + six cardinals purchased by the third Earl of Lothian. Finally, it was + rejected altogether. A copy of a portrait from the Vatican was also + rejected as undoubtedly spurious. It appears, therefore, that Pinkerton, + in this case at least, exercised caution in the selection of his subject + for engraving, so far as concerned authenticity. His criticism, that the + Holyrood House portrait is "too modern," will be agreed in by all who + will take the trouble to compare the portrait in Lodge with undoubted + portraits of the time: the style is too modern by a hundred years. But + the portrait is of a man upwards of sixty years old: Beaton was murdered + in 1546, in the fiftieth year of his age. The portrait is of a dark + haired man without beard.</p> + + <p>I now come to a portrait of Beaton which there appears reason to think + is genuine, and I beg the favour of your correspondents to give me any + information in their power regarding it. This portrait is in the Roman + Catholic College at Blairs, near Aberdeen. It was in the Scotch College + at Rome down to the period of the French occupation of that city in 1798, + and formed part of the plunder <!-- Page 434 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page434" id="page434"></a>{434}</span> from that college. It was + subsequently discovered in a sale-room by the late Abbé Macpherson, + rector of the same college, who purchased it and sent it to Blairs, where + it has been for, now, a good many years. That it is a portrait of + Beaton's time is certain; but the artist is unknown, and the picture has + sustained damage. It is attributed, by a competent judge, who has himself + painted two careful copies of it, to Titian, not only from its general + style and handling, but from certain peculiarities of canvas, &c., on + which latter circumstances, however, he does not lay much stress, taking + them only as adminicles in proof. The portrait is a half-length, about 2 + ft. 6 in. by 2 ft.: it is that of a fresh-coloured, intellectual man, of + forty-five or upwards; hazel eyes; hair slightly reddish, or auburn, just + becoming tinged with grey; a thin small beard; costume similar to that of + Holbein's Cardinal Wolsey, in the hall of Christchurch, Oxford. It bears + this inscription, painted at the bottom of the portrait, and over the + original finished painting, and therefore of a subsequent date:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"David Betonius, S.R.E., Card. Archiep. S. Andreæ in Scotia, ab + Hostibus Fidei Barbare Trucidatus."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Beaton was elected to the Cardinalate in Dec. 1538; did he visit Rome + after that? He was at all events in Paris. The Scotch College at Rome was + a natural habitat for a portrait of a Scottish churchman so famous as + Cardinal Beaton, and it would be strange indeed if they had not one of + him where they affected a collecion of portraits of British prelates. I + propose to have this portrait engraved, if its probable authenticity + cannot be shaken. Did Pinkerton engrave any portrait of Beaton? There is + none in my copies of his <i>Iconographia Scotica</i>, 1797, and his + <i>Scottish Gallery</i>, 1799. These contain several duplicates; but it + is rare to meet with copies that can be warranted perfect. If the + portrait be published, it will probably be accompanied by a short memoir, + correcting from authentic documents some of the statements of his + biographers: any information either as to the portrait or his life will + be thankfully acknowledged. One or two letters from Lord Buchan, on the + subject of Scottish Portraits, appeared in the <i>Gentleman's + Magazine</i>, vol. lxv., but not relating to this particular one.</p> + + <p class="author">SCOTUS.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ON THE POINTING OF A PASSAGE IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL."</h3> + +<blockquote> + <p><i>Lafeu.</i> "They say miracles are past: and we have our + philosophical persons, to make modern and familiar, things, supernatural + and causeless."—Act ii. Scene 3.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>So the passage is pointed in Johnson and Steevens, that is, with a + comma after the word "things;" and the same pointing is used in the + recent editions of Mr. Knight, Barry Cornwall, and Mr. Collier.</p> + + <p>It occurred to me that this pointing gave a meaning quite out of + harmony with what directly follows, and also with the spirit in which + Lafeu speaks. Let the comma be placed after "familiar", and the whole + passage be read thus:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p><i>Lafeu.</i> "They say miracles are past; and we have our + philosophical persons to make modern and familiar, things supernatural + and causeless. Hence is it, that we make trifles of terrors; ensconcing + ourselves into seeming knowledge, when we should submit ourselves to an + unknown fear."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Lafeu apparently is speaking somewhat sarcastically of those who say + miracles are past, and who endeavour to <i>explain away</i> the wonderful + into something common and well-known. Subsequently I found that Mr. + Coleridge, in his <i>Literary Remains</i> (vol. ii. p. 121.), had adduced + the above-mentioned passage, placing the comma after "familiar." He does + not, however, make any observation on the other pointing; but remarking, + that Shakspeare often uses "modern" for "common," proceeds thus:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Shakspeare, inspired, as it might seem, with all knowledge, here uses + the word <i>causeless</i> in its strict philosophical sense; cause being + truly predicable only of <i>phenomena</i>,—that is, things natural, + and not of <i>noumena</i>, or things supernatural."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is, perhaps, rather curious, that although Mr. Collier, in his note + on Lafeu's speech, has quoted the above from Mr. Coleridge, the improved + pointing should have escaped that gentleman's notice.</p> + + <p>Looking into Theobald's <i>Shakspeare</i>, I find that he also had + placed the comma as Mr. Coleridge has. Mr. Theobald adds this note:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"This, as it has hitherto been printed, is directly opposite to our + poet's and his speaker's meaning. As I have stopped it, the sense + quadrates with the context: and surely it is one unalterable property of + philosophy to make seeming strange and preternatural phenomena familiar + and reducible to cause and reason."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Does not Mr. Theobald, in his closing remark, turn what in Lafeu is + really an ironical outburst on <i>would-be</i> philosophers, into + something like a serious common-place?</p> + + <p class="author">A. ROFFE.</p> + + <p>Query, In a work entitled <i>Philosophy of Shakspeare</i>, by W.H. + Roukin, Lafeu's speech is quoted, and one word changed; "<i>and</i> we + have our philosophical persons," &c., becomes "<i>yet</i> we have," + &c. Is there any authority for such a change?</p> + + <p class="author">A.R.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet.</i>—On Sunday + evening, the 20th Oct., the moon had a <!-- Page 435 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page435" id="page435"></a>{435}</span> very fine + ring round it, which apparently was based near the horizon, and spread + over a considerable area of the heavens. This was noticed by myself and + others as we returned home from church; and upon my mentioning it to my + man-servant, who is a countryman, he said he had been noticing it, and + that it reminded him of the old saying, "the bigger the ring, the nearer + the wet." On the next day, however, it was fine and windy, and my faith + began to be shaken as to the truth of the saying; but the almost + incessant rain of the four or five subsequent days fully proved its + correctness.</p> + + <p class="author">J.A.</p> + + <p><i>Power of prophesying before Death.</i>—To the passages on + this subject lately supplied by your correspondents (Vol. ii., pp. 116. + 196.) may be added the following from Tertullian, <i>De Anima</i>, c. 53. + (vol. ii. col. 741., ed. Migne, Paris, 1844):</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Evenit sæpe animam in ipso divortio potentius agitari, sollicitiore + obtutu, extraordinariâ loquacitate, dum ex majori suggestu, jam in libero + constituta, per superfluum quod adhuc cunctatur in corpore enuntiat quæ + videt, quæ audit, quæ incipit nosse."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J.C.R.</p> + + <p><i>Change in the Appearance of the Dead.</i>—A woman near + Maidstone, who had had much experience as a sick-nurse, told me some + years ago that she had always noticed in corpses a change to a more + placid expression on the third day after death; and she supposed this to + be connected with our Lord's resurrection. I omitted to ask her whether + the belief were wholly the result of her own observation, or whether it + had been taught her by others, and were common among her neighbours.</p> + + <p class="author">J.C.R.</p> + + <p><i>Strange Remedies.</i>—I find some curious prescriptions in an + old book entitled <i>The Pathway to Health,</i> &c. (I will not + trouble you with the full title), "by Peter Levens, Master of Arts in + Oxford, and Student in Physick and Chirurgery."... "Printed for J.W., and + are to bee sold by Charles Tym, at the Three Bibles on London Bridge, + MDCLXIV." The first is a charm</p> + +<blockquote> + <p><i>For all manner of falling evils.</i>—Take the blood of his + little finger that is sick, and write these three verses following, and + hang it about his neck:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>'<i>Jasper fert Mirrham, Thus Melchior Balthazar Aurum,</i></p> + <p><i>Hæc quicum secum portat tria nomina regum,</i></p> + <p><i>Soleitur à morbo, Domini pietate, caduca.'</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and it shall help the party so grieved."</p> + + <p>"<i>For a man or woman that is in a consumption.</i>—Take a + brasse pot, and fill it with water, and set it on the fire, and put a + great earthen pot within that pot, and then put in these parcels + following:—Take a cock and pull him alive, then flea off his skin, + then beat him in pieces; take dates a pound, and slit out the stones, and + lay a layer of them in the bottom of the pot, and then lay a piece of the + cock, and upon that some more of the dates, and take succory, endive, and + parsley roots, and so every layer one upon another, and put in fine gold + and some pearl, and cover the pot as close as may bee with coarse dow, + and so let it distill a good while, and so reserve it for your use till + such time as you have need thereof."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I could select some exceedingly ludicrous prescriptions (for the book + contains 400 pages), but the most curious unfortunately happen to be the + most indelicate. Besides this, I am afraid the subject is scarcely worthy + of much space in such an important and useful work as "NOTES AND + QUERIES."</p> + + <p class="author">ALEXANDER ANDREWS.</p> + + <p>Abridge, Essex.</p> + + <p><i>Mice as a Medicine</i> (Vol. i., p. 397.).—An old woman + lately recommended an occasional roast mouse as a certain cure for a + little boy who wetted his bed at night. Her own son, she said, had got + over this weakness by eating three roast mice. I am told that the Faculty + employ this remedy, and that it has been prescribed in the Oxford + Infirmary.</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + + <p><i>Omens from Birds.</i>—It is said that for a bird to fly into + a room, and out again, by an open window, surely indicates the decease of + some inmate. Is this belief local?</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MODE OF COMPUTING INTEREST.</h3> + + <p>The mode of computing interest among the ancient Greeks appears to + have been in many respects the same as that now prevailing in India, + which has probably undergone no change from a very remote period. + Precisely the same term, too, is used to denote the rate of interest, + namely, <span lang="el" title="tokos" + >τοκος</span> in Greek and <i>taka</i> or + <i>tuka</i> in the languages of Western India. <span lang="el" + title="Tokoe epidekatoi" >Τοκοε + επιδεκατοι</span> in + Greek, and <i>dus také</i> in Hindostanee, respectively denote <i>ten per + cent</i>. At Athens, the rate of interest might be calculated either by + the month or by the year—each being expressed by different terms + (Böckh. <i>Pub. Econ. of Athens</i>, i. 165.). Precisely the same system + prevails here. <i>Pono taka</i>, that is, three quarters of a + <i>taka</i>, denotes ¾ per cent. <i>per month</i>. <i>Nau také</i>, that + is, nine <i>také</i>, denotes nine per cent. <i>per annum</i>. For the + Greek mode of reckoning interest by the month, see Smith's <i>Dictionary + of Greek and Roman Antiquities</i>, p. 524. At Athens, the year, in + calculating interest, was reckoned at 360 days (Böckh, i. 183.). Here + also, in all native accounts-current, the year is reckoned at 360 + days.</p> + + <p>The word <span lang="el" title="tokos" + >τοκος</span>, as applied to interest, was + understood by the Greeks themselves to be derived from <span lang="el" + title="tiktô" >τικτω</span>, "to produce," + <i>i.e.</i> money begetting money; the offspring or produce of money lent + out. Whether its identity may not be established with the word in current + use for thousands of years in this country to express precisely the same + meaning, is a question I should like to see discussed <!-- Page 436 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page436" id="page436"></a>{436}</span> + by some of your correspondents. The word <i>taka</i> signifies any thing + <i>pressed</i> or <i>stamped</i>, anything on which an impression is made + hence <i>a coin</i>; and is derived from the Sanscrit root <img + src="images/tak.png" alt="tak" height="18" width="30" />, <i>tak</i>, to + press, to stamp, to coin: whence, <img src="images/tank.png" alt="tank" + height="18" width="30" />, <i>tank</i>, a small coin; and + <i>tank-sala</i>, a mint; and (query) the English word <i>token</i>, a + piece of stamped metal given to communicants. Many of your readers will + remember that it used to be a common practice in England for copper + coins, representing a half-penny, penny, &c., stamped with the name + of the issuer, and denominated "tokens," to be issued in large quantities + by shopkeepers as a subsidiary currency, and received at their shop in + payment of goods, &c. May not <i>ticket</i>, defined by Johnson, "a + <i>token</i> of any right or debt upon the delivery of which admission is + granted, or a claim acknowledged," and <i>tick</i>, score or trust, (to + go on <i>tick</i>), proceed from the same root?</p> + + <p class="author">J.S.</p> + + <p>Bombay.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ON THE CULTIVATION OF GEOMETRY IN LANCASHIRE.</h3> + + <p>If our Queries on this subject be productive of no other result than + that of eliciting the able and judicious analysis subsequently given by + MR. WILKINSON (Vol. ii., p. 57.), they will have been of no ordinary + utility. The silent early progress of any strong, moral, social, or + intellectual phenomenon amongst a large mass of people, is always + difficult to trace: for it is not thought worthy of record at the time, + and before it becomes so distinctly marked as to attract attention, even + tradition has for the most part died away. It then becomes a work of + great difficulty, from the few scattered indications in print (the books + themselves being often so rare<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> that "money will not purchase + them"), with perhaps here and there a stray letter, or a metamorphosed + tradition, to offer even a probable account of the circumstances. It + requires not only an intimate knowledge of the subject-matter which forms + the groundwork of the inquiry, both in its antecedent and cotemporary + states, and likewise in its most improved state at the present time; it + also requires an analytical mind of no ordinary powers, to separate the + necessary from the probable; and these again from the irrelevant and + merely collateral.</p> + + <p>MR. WILKINSON has shown himself to possess so many of the qualities + <i>essential</i> to the historian of mathematical science, that we trust + he will continue his valuable researches in this direction still + further.</p> + + <p>It cannot be doubted that MR. WILKINSON has traced with singular + acumen the manner in which the <i>spirit</i> of geometrical research was + diffused amongst the operative classes, and the class immediately above + them—the exciseman and the country schoolmaster. Still it is not to + be inferred, that even these classes did not contain a considerable + number of able geometers anterior to the period embraced in his + discussion. The Mathematical Society of Spitalfields existed more than + half a century before the Oldham Society was formed. The sameness of + pursuit, combined with the sameness of employment, would rather lead us + to infer that geometry was <i>transplanted</i> from Spitalfields to + Manchester or Oldham. Simpson found his way from the country to London; + and some other Simpson as great as Thomas (though less favourably looked + upon by fortune in furnishing stimulus and opportunity) might have + migrated from London to Oldham. Or, again, some Lancashire weaver might + have adventured to London (a very common case with country artisans after + the expiration of apprenticeship); and, there having acquired a taste for + mathematics, as well as improvement in his mechanical skill, have + returned into the country, and diffused the knowledge and the tastes he + took home with him amongst his fellows. The very name betokens Jeremiah + Ainsworth to have been of a Lancashire family.</p> + + <p>But was Ainsworth really the earliest mathematician of his district? + Or, was he merely the first that made any figure in print as a + correspondent of the mathematical periodicals of that day? This question + is worthy of MR. WILKINSON's further inquiry; and probably some light may + be thrown upon it by a careful examination of the <i>original</i> Ladies' + and Gentleman's Diaries of the period. In the reprints of these works, + only the names, real or assumed, of those whose contributions were + actually printed, are inserted—not the list of all + correspondents.</p> + + <p>Now one would be led to suppose that the study of mathematics was + peculiarly suited to the daily mode of life and occupation of these men. + Their employment was monotonous; their life sedentary; and their minds + were left perfectly free from any <i>contemplative</i> purpose they might + choose. Algebraic investigation required writing: but the weaver's hands + being engaged he could not write. A diagram, on the contrary, might lie + before him, and be carefully studied, whilst his hands and feet may be + performing their functions with an accuracy almost instinctive. Nay more: + an exceedingly complicated diagram which has grown up gradually as the + result of investigations successively <!-- Page 437 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page437" id="page437"></a>{437}</span> made, may + be carried in the memory and become the subject of successful peripatetic + contemplation. On this point a decided <i>experimental</i> opinion is + here expressed: but were further instances asked for, they may be found + in Stewart, Monge, and Chasles, all of whom possessed this power in an + eminent degree. Indeed, without it, all attempts to study the geometry of + space (even the very elements of descriptive geometry, to say nothing of + the more recondite investigations of the science) would be entirely + unproductive. It is, moreover, a power capable of being acquired by men + of average intellect without extreme difficulty; and that even to the + extent of "mentally seeing" the constituent parts of figures which have + never been exhibited to the eye either by drawings or models.</p> + + <p>That such men, if once imbued with a love for geometry, and having + once got over the drudgery of elementary acquisition, should be + favourably situated for its cultivation, follows as a matter of course. + The great difficulty lay in finding sufficient stimulus for their + ambition, good models for their imitation, and adequate facilities for + publishing the results at which they had arrived. The admirable history + of the contents of their scanty libraries, given by MR. WILKINSON, leaves + nothing more to be said on that head; except, perhaps, that he attributes + rather more to the <i>influences</i> of Emerson's writings than I am able + to do.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> As regards their facilities for + publication, these were few, the periods of publication being rarely + shorter than annual; and amongst so many competitors, the space which + could be allotted to each (even to "the best men") was extremely limited. + Yet, contracted as the means of publication were, the spirit of emulation + did something; from the belief that <i>insertion was an admitted test of + superiority</i>, it was as much an object of ambition amongst these men + to solve the "prize question" as it was by philosophers of higher social + standing to gain the "prize" conferred by the <i>Académie des + Sciences</i>, or any other continental society under the wing of Royalty, + at the same period. The prize (half a dozen or a dozen copies of the work + itself) was not less an object of triumph, than a Copley or a Royal medal + is in our own time amongst the philosophers of the Royal Society.</p> + + <p>These men, from similarity of employment and inevitable contiguity of + position, were brought into intercourse almost of necessity, and the + formation of a little society (such as the "Oldham") the natural + result—the older and more experienced men taking the lead in it. At + the same time, there can be little doubt that the Spitalfields Society + was the pattern after which it was formed; and there can be as little + doubt that one or more of its founders had resided in London, and + "wrought" in the metropolitan workshops. Could the records of the + "Mathematical Society of London" (now in the archives of the Royal + Astronomical Society) be carefully examined, some light might be thrown + upon this question. A list of members attending every weekly meeting, as + well as of visitors, was always kept; and these lists (I have been + informed) have been carefully preserved. No doubt any one interested in + the question would, upon application to the secretary (Professor De + Morgan), obtain ready access to these documents.</p> + + <p>The preceding remarks will, in some degree, furnish the elements of an + answer to the inquiry, "<i>Why</i> did geometrical speculation take so + much deeper root amongst the Lancashire weavers, than amongst any other + classes of artisans?" The subject was better adapted to the weaver's + mechanical life than any other that could be named; for even the other + favourite subjects, botany and entomology, required the suspension of + their proper employment at the loom. The formation of the Oldham Society + was calculated to keep alive the aspiration for distinction, as well as + to introduce novices into the arcanium of geometry. There was generous + co-operation, and there was keen competition,—the sure stimulants + to eminent success. The unadulterated love of any intellectual pursuit, + apart from the love of fame or the hope of emolument, is a rare quality + in all stages of society. Few men, however, seem to have realised Basil + Montagu's idea of being governed by "a love of <i>excellence</i> rather + than the pride of <i>excelling</i>," so closely as the Lancashire + geometers of that period—uncultivated as was the age in which they + lived, rude as was the society in which their lives were passed, and + selfish as the brutal treatment received in those days by mechanics from + their employers, was calculated to render them. They were surrounded, + enveloped, by the worst social and moral influences; yet, so far as can + now be gathered from isolated remarks in the periodicals of the time, + they may be held up as a pattern worthy of the imitation of the + philosophers of our own time in respect to the generosity and strict + honour which marked their intercourse with one another.</p> + + <p>Mathematicians seldom grow up solitarily in any locality. When + <i>one</i> arises, the absence of all external and social incentives to + the study can only betoken an inherent propensity and constitutional + fitness for it. Such a man is too much in earnest to keep his knowledge + to himself, or to wish to stand alone. He makes disciples,—he aids, + encourages, guides them. His own researches are fully communicated; and + this with a prodigality proportioned to his own great resources. He feels + no jealousy of competition, and is always gratified by seeing others + successful. Thus such bodies of men are created in wonderfully short + periods by the magnanimous labours of one ardent <!-- Page 438 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page438" id="page438"></a>{438}</span> spirit. + These are the men that found societies, schools, sects; wherever one + unselfish and earnest man settles down, there we invariably find a + cluster of students of his subject, that often lasts for ages. Take, for + instance, Leeds. There we see that John Ryley created, at a later period, + the Yorkshire school of geometers; comprising amongst its members such + men as Swale, Whitley, Ryley ("Sam"), Gawthorp, Settle, and John Baines. + This, too, was in a district in many respects very analogous to + Lancashire, but especially in the one to which the argument more + immediately relates:—it was a district of weavers, only + substituting wool for cotton, as cotton had in the other case been + substituted for the silk of Spitalfields.</p> + + <p>We see nothing like this in the agricultural districts; neither do we + in those districts where the ordinary manufacturing operations themselves + require the employment of the head as well as the hands and feet. With + the exception, indeed, of the schoolmaster, and the exciseman, and the + surveyor, there are comparatively few instances of persons whose + employment was not strictly sedentary having devoted their intellectual + energies to mathematics, independent of early cultivation. To them the + subject was more or less professional, and their devotion to it was to be + expected—indeed far more than has been realised. It is professional + now to a larger and more varied class of men, and of course there is a + stronger body of non-academic mathematicians now than at any former + period. At the same time it may be doubted whether there be even as many + really able men devoted to science purely and for its own sake in this + country as there were a century ago, when science wore a more humble + guise.</p> + + <p>Combining what is here said with the masterly analysis which MR. + WILKINSON has given of the books which were accessible to these men, it + appears that we shall be able to form a correct view on the subject of + the Lancashire geometers. Of course documentary evidence would be + desirable—it would certainly be interesting too.</p> + + <p>To such of your readers as have not seen the mathematical periodicals + of that period, the materials for which were furnished by these men, it + may be sufficient to state that the "NOTES AND QUERIES" is conceived in + the exact spirit of those works. The chief difference, besides the usual + subject-matter, consists in the greater formality and "stiffness" of + those than of this; arising, however, of necessity out of the specific + and rigid character of mathematical research in itself, and the more + limited range of subjects that were open to discussion.</p> + + <p>The one great defect of the researches of those men was, that they + were conducted in a manner so desultory, and that the subjects themselves + were often so isolated, that there can seldom be made out more than a few + dislocated fragments of any one subject of inquiry whatever. Special + inquiries are prosecuted with great vigour and acumen; but we look in + vain for system, classification, or general principles. This, however, is + not to be charged to <i>them</i> as a scientific vice, + peculiarly:—for, in truth, it must be confessed to be a vice, not + only too common, but almost universal amongst English geometers; and even + in the geometry of the Greeks themselves, the great object appears to + have been "problem-solving" rather than the deduction and arrangement of + scientific truths. The modern French geometers have, however, broken this + spell; and it is not too much too hope that we shall not be long ere we + join them in the development of the systems they have already opened; + and, moreover, add to the list some independent topics of our own. The + chief dangers to which we are in this case exposed are, classification + with incomplete data, and drawing inferences upon trust. It cannot be + denied, at all events, that some of our French cotemporaries have fallen + into both these errors; but the abuse of a principle is no argument for + our not using it, though its existence (or even possible existence) + should be a strong incentive to caution.</p> + + <p>These remarks have taken a more general form than it is usual to give + in your pages. As, however, it is probable that many of your readers may + feel an interest in a general statement of a very curious intellectual + phenomenon, I am not without a hope that, though so far removed from the + usual topics discussed in the work, they will not be altogether + unacceptable or useless.</p> + + <p class="author">PEN-AND-INK.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>Although at one period of our life we took great pains to make a + collection of the <i>periodicals</i> which, during the last century, were + devoted wholly or partially to mathematics, yet we could never even + approximate towards completeness. It was not, certainly, from niggardly + expenditure. Indeed, it is doubtful whether a complete set exists, or + could even be formed now.</p> + + <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>See <i>Philosophical Magazine</i>, Sept. 1850.</p> + +</div> +<hr /> + +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> + + <p><i>Sermon's Pills.</i>—In Guizot's <i>Life of Monk, Duke of + Albermarle</i>, translated and edited by the present Lord Wharncliffe, it + is stated (p. 313.) that when the Duke was suffering from the diseases + which afterwards proved fatal to him,</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"One of his neighbours, at New Hall, formerly an officer in his army, + mentioned to him certain pills said to be sovereign against the dropsy, + which were sold at Bristol by one Sermon, who had also served under his + orders in Scotland as a private soldier. This advice and remedy from + ancient comrades, inspired the old general with more confidence than the + skill of the physicians. He sent for Sermon's pills, and found himself so + much recovered by them for a time, that he returned to London at the + close of the summer."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Having "found," in the newspapers of the day, the following paragraphs + illustrative of this passage in the great General's history, I think them + sufficiently interesting "to make a Note of."</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"London, July 13. 1669.—His Grace the Lord General, after a long + and dangerous distemper, is (God <!-- Page 439 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page439" id="page439"></a>{439}</span> be + praised) perfectly recovered and restored to his former health, to the + Great rejoycing of their Majesties and the whole court, by the assistance + of one William Sermon, of Bristol, whose pills have had that excellent + success as to restore him perfectly to his sleep and appetite, and wholly + abate all the symptoms of his disease. Yesterday his Grace, as being + perfectly cured, dismissed his physicians from their farther + attendance."</p> + + <p>"London, July 17. 1669.—The 13th instant, Mr. William Sermon, + the practitioner in physick, who so happily performed that excellent cure + upon his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, was presented to His Majesty in + St. James's Park, where he had the honor to kiss His Majesty's hand, and + to receive his thanks for that good service."</p> + + <p>September 9. 1669.—"Advertisement: These are to give notice that + William Sermon, Dr. of Physick, a person so eminently famous for his cure + of his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, is removed from Bristol to London, + and may be spoken with every day, especially in the forenoon, at his + house in West Harding Street, in Goldsmith's Rents, near Three Legged + Alley, between Fetter Lane and Shooe Lane."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents give an account of the subsequent + career of Dr. Sermon?</p> + + <p class="author"><span lang="el" title="D" >Δ</span></p> + + <p><i>An Infant Prodigy</i> (Vol. ii., p. 101.).—There are parallel + cases in the hagioloists (<i>Hist. de l'Eglise Gallicane</i>, par + Longueval, tom. iii. p. 430. 1782):</p> + + <p>"S. Amand après cette mission étant repassé dans la Gaule, eut bientôt + occasion de montrer l'intrépidité de son zèle ... L'amour des femmes, + écueil fatal des jeunes princes, fit en peu de temps oublier à Dagobert + les leçons qu'il avoit reçues de S. Arnoux et de S. Cunibert. Il se livra + à cette passion avec tant de scandale, qu'il eut jusqu'à trois femmes à + la fois qui portoient le nom de reines, sans parler d'un grand nombre de + concubines ...</p> + + <p>"Amand, après un assez long exil, 'refusa d'abord l'honneur de + baptiser' l'enfant de son maître: 'mais les instances que le roi lui fit + faire par Ouen et Eloi firent céder sa modestie à l'obéissance. L'enfant + fut aussitôt apporté le saint évêque l'ayant pris entre ses bras, lui + donna sa bénédiction, et récita les prières pour le faire catéchumène. + L'oraison étant finie, comme personne ne répondoit, Dieu délia la langue + du jeune prince, qui n'avoit pas plus de quarante jours, et il répondit + distinctement <i>amen</i>.'"</p> + + <p>This happened in 630 at Orleans, and the holy abbot who attests the + miracle was present when it occurred. Had St. Amand learnt ventriloquism + during his missionary excursions?</p> + + <p>And now permit me to tell your correspondent CH. that Abp. Bramhall's + Dutch is quite correct. "Mevrouw" is still the title of empresses, queens + duchesses, Countesses, noble ladies, ministers of state's and other great + men's wives.</p> + + <p class="author">G.M.</p> + + <p>Guernsey.</p> + + <p><i>A Hint for Publishers.</i>—Many, like myself, have no doubt + experienced the inconvenience of possessing early impressions of books, + of which later editions exist with numerous emendations and errata.</p> + + <p>Would it not be practicable for publishers to issue these emendations + and errata in a separate form and at a fair price, for the benefit of the + purchasers of the preceding editions?</p> + + <p>Were this plan generally adopted, the value of most books would be + materially enhanced, and people would not object, as they now do, to + order new publications.</p> + + <p class="author">HERBERT.</p> + + <p>"<i>He who runs may read.</i>"—There appeared in Vol. ii., p. + 374., a new, and, in my opinion, an erroneous, interpretation of part of + ver. 2., chap. ii. Habakkuk. It appears to me probable that a person + reading the vision might be struck with awe, and so "alarmed by it" as + not to be able "to fly from the impending calamity" in the way which your + correspondent imagines. I prefer Archbishop Newcome's + explanation:—"Let the characters be so legible that one who hastily + passeth on may read them. This may have been a proverbial + expression."</p> + + <p>If you be pleased to insert this, readers may judge for themselves + which is the right interpretation.</p> + + <p class="author">PLAIN SENSE.</p> + + <p><i>The Rolliad.</i>—The following memoranda relative to this + word were given to me by one who lived during the period of its + publication, and was, it is believed, himself a contributor. Wraxall, in + his <i>Memoirs</i>, states that the work was nearly all written by + Richardson; this is not true. The principal writers were Gen. + Fitzpatrick, Lord John Townshend, Dr. Lawrence—he had the chief + control. They met in a room at Becket's, the bookseller; they had a + secretary and copyist.</p> + + <p>None of the contributions went to the newspaper in the original + handwriting. The <i>Morning Herald</i> was the paper it is believed, in + which they first appeared, although that journal was on the eve of going + over to the opposite party. The "ode" to Wraxall, was written by Tickell, + author of "Anticipation.".</p> + + <p class="author">W.A.</p> + + <p>November, 23. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>The Rolliad.</i>—</p> + + <p>From <i>The Times</i>, about 1784.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">ROLLIAD.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Political Eclogues.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">ROSE.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">Line 21. ed. 1795.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose,</p> + <p>How can you suppose</p> + <p>I'll be led by the nose,</p> + <p>In voting for those</p> + <p>You mean to propose,</p> + <p>Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose?"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The above epigram is inserted in my copy of the Rolliad.</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers give the names of the <!-- Page 440 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page440" id="page440"></a>{440}</span> authors + of the numerous pieces in the second part of "Political + Miscellanies."</p> + + <p class="author">F.B.R.</p> + + <p><i>The Conquest.</i>—Permit me to point out the erroneous + historical idea which obtains in the use of this phrase. Acquisition out + of the common course of inheritance is by our legists called + <i>perquisitio</i>, by the feudists <i>conquisitio</i>, and the first + purchaser (he who brought the estate into the current family) the + <i>conquereur</i>. The charters and chronicles of the age thus rightly + style William the Norman <i>conquisitor</i>, and his accession + <i>conquæstus</i>; but now, from disuse of the foedal sense, with the + notion of the forcible method of acquisition, we annex the idea of + victory to conquisition,—a title to which William never + pretended.</p> + + <p class="author">W.L.</p> + + <p>Twickenham.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> + +<h3>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.</h3> + +<p class="center">(<i>Continued from page 421.</i>)</p> + + <p>(18.) What could have induced the accurate and learned Saxius + (<i>Catal. Lib. Mediol., edit.</i> p. DXC.) to give the name + <i>Elucidarium</i> to the first part of the <i>Mariale</i> of Bernardinus + de Bustis? This writer, who has sometimes erroneously been reputed a + Dominican, and who is commemorated in the Franciscan Martyrology on the + 8th of May (p. 178.), derived his denomination from his family, and not + "from a place in the country of Milan," as Mr. Tyler has supposed. + (<i>Worship of the Virgin</i>, p. 41. Lond. 1846.) Elsewhere Saxius had + said (<i>Hist. Typog.-Liter. Mediol.</i>, col. ccclii.) that the + <i>Mariale</i> was printed for the first time in 1493, and dedicated to + Pope Alexander VI.; and Argelati was led by him to consider the + <i>Elucidarium</i> to be a distinct performance; and he speaks of the + <i>Mariale</i> as having been published in 1494. (<i>Biblioth. Scriptor. + Med.</i>, tom. i. p. ii. 245.) Unquestionably the real title assigned by + the author to the first part of his <i>Sermonarium</i> or <i>Mariale</i> + was "PERPETUUM SILENTIUM," and it was inscribed to Alexander's + predecessor, Pope Innocent VIII.; and, in conjunction with De Bustis's + Office of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (sanctioned by a + Brief of Pope Sixtus IV., who in 1476 had issued the earliest pontifical + decree in favour of an innovation now predominant in the Church of Rome), + was primarily printed "Mli," that is, <i>Mediolani</i>, "per Uldericum + scinzenzeler, Anno dni M.cccc.lxxxxij" (1492). Wharton, Olearius, + Clement, and Maittaire knew nothing of this edition; and it must take + precedence of that of Strasburg named by Panzer (i. 47.).</p> + + <p>(19.) Can any particulars be easily ascertained relative to reprints + of the acts of the canonisation of the Seraphic Doctor in their original + small quarto shape?</p> + + <p>(20.) To whom should we attribute the rare tract entitled <i>Lauacrum + conscientie omnium sacerdotum</i>, which consists of fifty-eight leaves, + and was printed in Gothic letter at Cologne, "Anno post Jubileum + quarto?"</p> + + <p>(21.) Where can information be met with as to the authorship of the + <i>Dialogus super Libertate Ecclesiastica</i>, between Hugo, Cato, and + Oliver? Fischer (<i>Essai sur Gutenberg</i>, 79.) traces back the first + edition to the year 1463; but I know the treatise only in the form in + which it was republished at Oppenheim in 1516.</p> + + <p>(22.) Who was the compiler or curator of the <i>Viola Sanctorum</i>? + and can the slightest attempt be made at verifying the signatures and + numbers inserted in the margin, and apparently relating to the MSS. from + which the work was taken? One of two copies before me was printed at + Nuremberg in 1486, but the other I believe to belong to the earliest + impression. It is of small folio size, in very Gothic type, perhaps of + the year 1472, without date, place, or name of printer, and is destitute + of cyphers, catchwords, and signatures. There are ninety-two leaves in + the volume, and in each page generally thirty-three (sometimes + thirty-four, rarely thirty-five) lines. (See Brunet, iii. 547.; Kloss, + 280.; Panzer, i. 193.)</p> + + <p>(23.) By what means can intelligence be procured respecting "Doctor + Ulricus," the author of <i>Fraternitas Cleri</i>? A satisfactory reply to + this inquiry might probably be found in the <i>Bibl. Spenceriana</i>; but + I have not now an opportunity of determining this point.</p> + + <p>(24.) A question has been raised by Dr Maitland, from whose admirable + criticism nothing connected with literature is likely to escape, as to + the meaning of the letters "P.V." placed over a sudarium held by St. + Peter and St. Paul. (<i>Early printed Books in the Lambeth Library</i>, + pp. 115. 368.) Any person who has happened to obtain the <i>Vitas + Patrum</i>, decorated with the curious little woodcuts of which Dr. + Maitland has carefully represented two, will cheerfully agree with him in + maintaining the excellence of the acquisition. In a copy of this work + bearing date 1520, eleven years later than the Lambeth volume + (<i>List</i>, p. 85.), the reverse of the leaf which contains the + colophon exhibits the same sudarium, in company with the words "Salve + sancta Facies." This circumstance inclines me to venture to ask whether + my much-valued friend will concur with me in the conjecture that + <i>Pictura Veronicæ</i> may be the interpretation of "P.V.?" Though the + pseudo-Archbishop of Westminster declared, in the simplicity of his heart + (<i>Letters to John Poynder, Esq.</i>, p. 6.), that he had "never met" + with the sequence "quæ dicitur in Missa Votiva <i>de Vultu Sancto</i>," + doubtless some of his newly-arrested subjects are <!-- Page 441 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page441" id="page441"></a>{441}</span> well + aware that it exists, and that its commencement (see Bona, iii. 144.) + is,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Salve sancta Facies nostri Redemptoris,</p> + <p>In qua nitet species divini splendoris,</p> + <p>Impressa panniculo nivei candoris,</p> + <p>Dataque Veronicæ signum ob amoris."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">R.G.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Dr. Timothy Thruscross.</i>—What is known of the Rev. Dr. + Timothy Thruscross, Thirscross, or Thurscross? I am in possession of the + very little related by Wood, <i>Ath. Oxon. et Fasti</i>, Walker's + <i>Sufferings of the Clergy</i>, <i>Life of Barwich</i>, and the + interesting notices scattered in several parts of Sir H. Slingsby's + <i>Diary</i>; but this only renders me anxious for more, and I should be + glad to receive other references.</p> + + <p class="author">W. DN.</p> + + <p><i>Echo Song.</i>—<i>Meaning of Thwaites.</i>—Would you be + kind enough to insert the inclosed poem as I am very desirous of being + made acquainted with the name of the writer. I expect, from various + reasons, that it was written about the year 1645:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">AN ECHO.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"What wantst thou, that thou art in this sad taking?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>A King.</i></p> + <p>What made him first remove hence his residing?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Siding.</i></p> + <p>Did any here deny him satisfaction?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Faction.</i></p> + <p>Tell me wherein the strength of faction lies?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>On Lies.</i></p> + <p>What didst though when the king left his parliament?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Lament.</i></p> + <p>What terms wouldst give to gain his company?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Any.</i></p> + <p>What wouldst thou do if here thou mightst behold him?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Hold him.</i></p> + <p>But wouldst thou save him with they best endeavour?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Ever.</i></p> + <p>But if he come not, what become of London?</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Undone.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I also wish to know (if any of your readers will enlighten me I shall + be obliged) what is the meaning of the name "Thwaites." It is a very + common name, there being Thwaites, Thornthwaites, Hawthornthwaites, + Haythornthwaites, in abundance through all part of England.</p> + + <p class="author">LLYD RHYS MORGAN.</p> + + <p><i>Deus Justificatus.</i>—Can any of your readers give any + information respecting the authorship of the book entitled:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Deus Justificatus, or the Divine Goodness vindicated and cleared, + against the Assertors of Absolute and Inconditionate Reprobation. + Together with some Refections on a late Discourse of Mr. Parkers + concerning the Divine Dominion and Goodness. London, 1668." 8vo. pp. + xxxii. 280. iii.?</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>My copy (which has the autograph of Richard Claridge, the quaker) has + written on the title in an old hand "By H. Hallywell." In the + <i>Biographia Britannica</i> vol. iv., p. 546., 2d edit., it is said to + be by Ralph Cudworth. If so, it has escaped Birch and the other editors + of this celebrated writer.</p> + + <p class="author">JOHN J. DREDGE.</p> + + <p><i>Death by Burning</i> (Vol. ii., p. 6.).—In the Mendip mining + district in Somersetshire, I am credibly informed that within seventy + years a person has been burned alive for stealing ore from the pit mouth. + There must be some old inhabitant who can attest this fact, and it would + be desirable to obtain its confirmation.</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + + <p><i>Irish Bull.</i>—What is the exact definition of an Irish + bull? When was the term first applied to the species of blunder which + goes by that name?</p> + + <p class="author">GRIFFIN.</p> + + <p><i>Farquharson's Observations on Auroræ.</i>—A translation of + the <i>Course of Meteorology</i>, by Professor Kaenitz, of Halle, by Mr. + C.V. Walker, was published at London in 1845, in one volume 12mo. The + work was written in German, and afterwards translated into French, and + the English work is derived from the French translation. In p. 459. the + following passage occurs:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"It is chiefly to the <i>shepherd</i> Farquharson, at Alford, in + Aberdeenshire, that we are indebted for a long series of observations on + auroræ; and he endeavoured to prove that their height is + inconsiderable."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Lower down it is said:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"At the same time, <i>another Protestant minister</i>, Mr. James + Paull, at Tullynessle, four kilometres from Alford, saw that the aurora + possessed an unusual clearness in the zenith, so that its height did not + perhaps exeed 1300 metres."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have neither the original German work nor the French translation at + hand to refer to; but I have a strong suspicion that the word translated + <i>shepherd</i> is <i>pasteur</i>, and that it is used to designate Mr. + Farquharson as <i>minister</i> of Alford.</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Smith's Vitæ Eruditissimorum et Illustrium Virorum.</i>—In + his <i>Life of Sir Peter Young</i> he quotes <i>Ex Ephemeride Cl. V.D. + Petri Junii</i>, but does not say where it was preserved. This + (so-called) <i>Ephemeris</i> was written by Sir Peter in his later years, + partly perhaps from memory, partly from notes, and, as might be expected, + is not free from errors of date which admit of correction from other + sources. Smith, following Camden, places Easter Seatown, Young's chief + residence, in Lothian, whereas it is in Forfarshire, about a mile from + Arbroath, and was part of the property of the great Abbey to which that + town belonged. Is it known whether this <i>Ephemeris</i> is extant? and, + if so, where?</p> + + <p class="author">SCOTUS.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 442 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page442" id="page442"></a>{442}</span></p> + + <p><i>Defender of the Faith.</i>—In Banks' <i>Dormant and Extinct + Baronage</i>, pp. 408-9., vol. iv., I find the following:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"He ( Henry VIII.) was the first English monarch who obtained the + title of Defender of the Faith, which was conferred upon him by Pope Leo + X., for a book written by him against Martin Luther."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To which the following note is subjoined:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"But in a letter from Christopher Wren, Esq., to Francis Peek, M.A. + (author of the <i>Desiderata Curiosa</i>), it is thus stated, viz., 'that + King Henry VII. had the title of Defender of the Faith, appears by the + Register of the Order of the Garter in the black book, (sic dictum a + tegmine), now in my hands, by office, which having been shown to King + Charles I., he received with much joy; nothing more pleasing him than + that the right of that title was fixed in the crown long before the + Pope's pretended donation, to all which I make protestation to all + posterity.' <span lang="el" title="Autographô" + >Αυτογραφω</span>, hoc meo. + Ità testor. Chr. Wren, à memoria, et secretis Honoratissimi Ordinis. + Wrexham, 4 March, 1736-7."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In support of this note, I find in Chamberlayne's <i>Present State of + England</i>, 1669, p. 88., this statement:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Defender of the Faith was anciently used by the Kings of England, as + appears by several charters granted to the University of Oxford, + &c."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As the word <i>anciently</i>, I conceive, applies to a period anterior + to 1521, may I express a hope that some of your learned subscribers at + Oxford will favour your readers with the dates of the charters alluded + to; and, if possible, some information as to the circumstances which led + to the adoption of the title "Defender of the Faith" by the kings of + England previous to the reign of Henry VIII.</p> + + <p class="author">ROBERT ANSTRUTHER, Lieut.-Col.</p> + + <p>Bayswater.</p> + + <p><i>Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches.</i>—Where + can I find good authority on the calendar of Sundays in the Greek Church, + and in the Roman? As to the latter, the missals and directories only give + the current year: as to the former, there is no work I know of which + gives anything.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p><i>Dandridge the Painter.</i>—At Osterley Park (Lord Jersey's) + is the only example of the pencil of Dandridge, bearing his signature and + the date 1741.</p> + + <p>Through neglect and the effect of time this able work has been dried + up, so that we may say—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"The wine of life is drawn, and nothing</p> + <p>Left but the mere lees:"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>but there's savour of merit and signs of goodly craft for the dark age + of its birth. In the group of three children of life-size we have a rare + work of the period when few men of genius wielded the brush or daubed + canvas, even through the inspiring patronage of a wealthy banker, whose + progeny they are—and this is executed too before academies and + societies offered their fostering aid, and when Hogarth struggled on + probably side by side with Dandridge. Some of your readers may have + traces of him and of his works, and may be able to trace his memory to + the grave. All that Walpole has of him is (p. 439.):</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Son of a house painter; had great business from his felicity in + taking a likeness. He sometimes painted small conversations, but died in + the vigour of his age."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">QUESTOR.</p> + + <p>Athenæum, Nov. 20. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve.</i>—Is the <i>portrait</i> of + Chaucer which Occleve <i>drew</i> in his translation of <i>Egidius de + Roma</i> to be found in <i>all</i> the MSS. of that work? and, if so, has + it ever been engraved. I have not Urry's <i>Chaucer</i> by me, or perhaps + he could save you the trouble of answering the question.</p> + + <p>On reference to Watts, I find he does not even mention this work of + Occleve, but contents himself with a piece of supercilious criticism; + whereas the notices which Occleve takes of passing events (of which the + character of Chaucer is one) are at least valuable (although his poetry + may not be the best in the world), and his work is also valuable in + giving us the phraseology of the fourteenth century.</p> + + <p class="author">P.</p> + + <p><i>John o'Groat's House.</i>—Does any authenticated view of the + building called <i>John o'Groat's House</i> in Caithness exist, and are + any traditions respecting it known beyond the certainly ridiculous + account in the fifth volume of <i>Beauties of Scotland</i>, p.83.?</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers point out an engraving of the old + <i>Konigs</i> or <i>Kaiserstuhl, at Rheuse</i>, on the Rhine, as well as + of its restoration in 1848, after being destroyed by the hordes of + revolutionary France, in 1792? It is not in Merian or Zeiler. I have seen + it, but cannot call to mind the author. Perhaps <i>Alsatia + Illustrata</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">WILLIAM BELL, Phil. Dr.</p> + + <p><i>Dancing the Bride to Bed</i>—<i>Old Hewson the + Cobler.</i>—I have a tune called "<i>A round dance to dance the + bride to bed</i>." Can any of your readers favour me with notices of such + a custom prevailing? The tune dates about 1630 or earlier, and resembles + that of "The Hunt is up."</p> + + <p>Another, printed about 1730, is called, "<i>My name is Old Hewson the + Cobler</i>." Is this a cavelier's song in ridicule of the Roundhead + Colonel Hewson; and are the words to be found?</p> + + <p class="author">WM. CHAPPELL.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[We trust these Queries may be regarded as a sign that Mr. Chappell is + preparing a new edition of his valuable collection of <i>National English + Airs</i>.—ED.]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Duke and Earl of Albemarle.</i>—Albemarle has given a title + of duke to the celebrated General Monk, and that of earl to the family of + Keppel. Will some of your correspondents tell me where <!-- Page 443 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page443" id="page443"></a>{443}</span> + there is any place called Albemarle, which gives rise to these dignities, + or why this title was assumed by these families?</p> + + <p class="author">J.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> + +<h3>JULIN, THE DROWNED CITY.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 282.)</p> + + <p>It does not at all follow, that if a city perished by the encroachment + of the sea, it was a very striking event at the time: it might have + happened gradually, not suddenly. Instances both ways seem to have + occurred on the shores of the German Ocean (see Lyell's <i>Principles of + Geology</i>, ch. 16.). A great flood happened in 1154 (Helmold, p. 216. + b. ii. c. 1. s. 5.), but it is mentioned with respect to the oceanic + rivers only, and not as to the Baltic, or destruction of houses or + buildings.</p> + + <p>But was Julin drowned at all? Helmold does not say that it was (his + account is in Book i. c. 2. s. 5.); and he does say that it was not, but + destroyed by a certain Danish king. It is most inconceivable that he + should not have known who the Danish king was, if it happened in his own + time. The passage savours of much later interpolation.</p> + + <p>Koch, <i>Rivol.</i> vol. i. p. 280., states positively that Julin was + Wollin, and was destroyed by Waldemar I. in 1175, for which he seems to + rely upon Helmold, or at least his continuator, Arnold. Helmold himself + died in 1170.</p> + + <p>Saxo Grammaticus lived at that time, and was probably well acquainted + with the events, since he was intimate with Archbishop Absolon, who took + part in them in a military as well as ecclesiastical sense. In p. 333. he + says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Waldemar the 1st, goes with a fleet through the month of the river + Zwina, then to the river which adjoins Julin and Camin, and has its mouth + divided into two. There was a long bridge joining the walls of Julin. The + king having landed 'ex adverso urbis in ripa Australi, pontem disjici + jussit.' The king cleared the way for his fleet; got to an island + Chrisztoa; crossed the river and went to Camin. He went out to sea by + that mouth."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This is given very much at length.</p> + + <p>All this is the geography of the present day, and the names, if you + read Wollin for Julin. The Oder expands into a wide lake, shut off from + the sea by a bar of land, through which there are three channels. The + Zwein is the middle one of the three; that which passes by Wollin and + Kimmin is the eastern one.</p> + + <p>In p. 347. he says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Rex ... classem ... Zuinsibus ostiis inserit, Julinique vacuas + defensoribus ædes, incendio adortus, rehabitatæ urbis novitatem, iterata + penatium strage, consumpsit.... Juilinenses, cum urbis uæ recenses + ruinas, ferendæ obsidioni, inhabiles cernerent, perinde ac viribus + orbati, deserta patria, præsidium Caminense petiverunt, aliena amplexi + mœnia, qui propria tueri diffiderent."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In p. 359. he says: The king "per Suinam invectus, Julinum oppidum, + incolarum fugâ desertam, incendio tentat."</p> + + <p>Saxo mentions Julin, p. 182-24.: "Nobilissimum illius provinciæ + oppidum," under Harold Blatand, King of Denmark, who reigned in the + latter half of the ninth century. He put a body of troops into it, who + became dreadful pirates.</p> + + <p>In p. 225. he says that the Danes compelled them to give up their + pirates, who were punished. In p. 381., in the reign of Canute, son of + Waldemar, there is an expedition against the Julinenses, the result of + which is expressed "Julinensium rebus absumptis."</p> + + <p>In p. 382., the king sets out for Julin, but seems to have attacked + only Camin. Waldemar died in 1182, Canute, 1202 (Koch.)</p> + + <p>Arnold (b. iii. c. 8. s. 4.) speaks of the Sclavi as finally subdued + and made tributary, about 1185.</p> + + <p>In the notes to Saxo (p. 197.) there is a long extract about Wollinum, + from Chytræus, a writer who lived 1530-1600, taken from the information + of a learned old man whose uncle was born there. He says he went there to + see, accompanied by many of the principal inhabitants, the remains of + Julin, destroyed in 1170 by Waldemar. Wollin he calls "mediocris + civitas." From the ruins, it had been more than a German mile round. Part + of it was "ineditiore paulum colle." He speaks of four montes, which had + castles. He says Wollin is "non aspernenda civitas," but not a thirtieth + part of the ancient size.</p> + + <p class="author">C.B.</p> + + <p>I regret that my questioner V., from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 379.), + should have felt aggrieved that, upon his request for my story, I should + have been compelled to reply, in the words of the Ancient Mariner:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Story! bless you, sir, I have none to tell."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>As he seems, however, so assured that some account of the destruction + of a city of such opulence and renown as Vineta <i>must</i> exist, I + shall be extremely happy to learn it from him. I can assure my friend V. + that neither Kanzow nor Micrœlius (who has, however, a plan of the + stone pavement of its streets at the bottom of the Baltic), nor + Giesebrecht, in his <i>Wendische Geschichten</i> (Berlin, 1844, 3 vols. 8 + vo.), know anything beyond what I have stated. And as to a great port + disappearing in the ocean, without any cotemporary notice, the instances + are frequent; as remarkable a one as any occurs in our own island, and at + a much later period:—Ravenspur, which was a sea-port of the + greatest importance, where certainly Henry IV., and, as some say, Henry + VII., landed from the opposite continent, to claim and conquer their + crowns, and where the father of De la Pole, <!-- Page 444 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page444" id="page444"></a>{444}</span> Duke of + Suffolk, was a merchant, is now so totally lost from memory and the + earth, that its very site is unknown, whether within the Humber, or + outside the Spurn; possibly where now the reef called Stony Binks at the + mouth of that æstuary is situated.</p> + + <p>So far, however, as an actual legend is concerned with the destruction + of a great emporium of commerce, I am happy I can supply your + correspondent with one, possibly the more acceptable as it is of another + famous city, not very remote from Vineta, and is not without relations + belonging to the latter: I allude to the town of Wisby, Visbuy, Visbye, + Visburgum, on the island of Gothland, of which the following account is + found in an old Latin description of Sweden:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Insulæ unica civitas, olim potentia splendore et magnitudine + celebris, tantarum rerum jactura fracta in exiguos fines se contraxit et + oppiduli speciem refert, ut Jansonii Atlas docet. Arx prope portum satis + valida. Emporiis illis Pomeraniæ clarissimis Wineta et Julin pessum + euntibus, Visbya inter omnia Regionum oppida floruit. (Olaus Magnus, l. + 10. cap. 16.) Licet urbs vetustissima Visbycensis potentissima ac + opulentissima quondam fuerit <i>et pro minima occasione, nempe fractionis + unius fenestralis vitri vix valoris obolaris, humiliata sit</i>, tamen + leges maritimæ et decisiones omnium controversiarum singulariter longe + latèque observantur. Ex distructa autem Vineta Gothlandos incolas marmor, + ferrum, cuprum, stannum, argentum, et inter alia duas ænei portas grandis + ponderis petiisse, et secum in Gothlandum avexisse ferunt."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I need not remind your readers that the maritime code of Wisby even + now influences many of the most important decisions affecting our present + mercantile shipping, it having been the model of the Laws of the + Acquitanian Islands of Re and Oleron, which Richard I. ordered to be + observed in England, and which are still frequently acted on. It is, + however, to the notice which I have marked in Italics that I would call + the attention of V.,—the destruction of the city <i>on account of a + small pane of glass not the value of an obolus</i>: and as he, no doubt, + has interested himself on these northern histories, request him to + explain the circumstance more in detail. I myself have often determined + on searching Pontanus, and other ancient Danish authorities, but hitherto + neglected, and therefore know nothing about the matter.</p> + + <p>As to the gates, which are more especially mentioned amongst the + spoils of the ruined Wineta, we find them also noticed in the same work, + at its account of Wineta:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Urbem frequentabant Græci aut potius Russi multarumque aliarum + nationum mercatores, quorum affluxus frequens civibus ingentes divitias + et facultates conciliavit: <i>adeo ut portæ civitatis ex ære paratæ</i>, + et argentum tam vulgare ibi esset ut ad communium et vilium rerum usum + adhibetur."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To go, however, completely into the history of these gates would + require a volume. It would be necessary to commence with the great + veneration for gates in general throughout the north: whether the name of + their great god Thor (a gateway) is cause or consequence would have to be + considered, and his coincidence, in this respect, with Janus and Janua, + the eldest deity of the Italians, which I have more largely discussed in + an <i>Essay on a British Coin with the Head of Janus</i>, in the 21st No. + of the Journal of the British Archæological Association. Next, the + question would arise, whether these gates have not been migratory, like + those of Somnauth, which Mahmoud took to Gazni from a similar principle + of deeply-rooted ancient veneration,—relics of sanctity rather than + trophies of victory, and which Lord Ellenborough was so unjustly + ridiculed for endeavouring to restore. Thirdly, therefore, also whether + the famous gates of the cathedral of Novogorod may not be identical with + those which have successively adorned Vineta's and Wisby's portals; and + whether those which are still the ornament of the west door of the + cathedral of Hildesheim, (which, according to the inscription which + crosses their twenty scriptural bas-reliefs, were cast by Bereward, the + thirteenth bishop, in 1015), may not be an existing and beautiful + example; as is the bronze column, with the bas-reliefs of passages of the + New Testament winding round it, and placed in the same cathedral close. + It would not be too much to surmise, that even the beautiful gate of the + Florence baptistery are from the same atelier, as an old Italian author + sings:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"O Germania gloriosa,</p> + <p>Tu vasa ex aurichalcis</p> + <p>Ad nos subinde mittes."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">WILLIAM BELL, Phil. D.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NICHOLAS FERRAR AND THE SO-CALLED ARMINIAN +NUNNERY OF LITTLE GIDDING.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407.)</p> + + <p>Hearne, the antiquary, has preserved two curious documents relating to + the Little Gidding establishment in the Appendix to his Preface to + <i>Peter Langtoff's Chronicle</i>, Nos. IX. and X. See also <i>Thomæ Caii + Vindiciæ</i>, vol. ii. The most complete account of this remarkable man + is that by Dr. Peckard, formerly Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, + entitled <i>Memoirs of the Life of Nicholas Ferrar</i>, published in + 1790, which has now become extremely scarce, but has been reprinted by + Dr. Wordsworth, in his <i>Ecclesiastical Biography</i>, who has given in + an Appendix an account of the visit of the younger Nicholas Ferrar to + London, from a MS. in the Lambeth Library. The <i>Life of Nicholas + Ferrar</i>, by Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ely, came into the hands of the + celebrated Dr. Dodd, who published an abridgment <!-- Page 445 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page445" id="page445"></a>{445}</span> of it in + the <i>Christian Magazine</i> of 1761. This account was again + republished, with additions, in 1837, entitled <i>Brief Memorials of + Nicholas Ferrar, Founder of a Protestant Religious Establishment at + Little Gidding, in Huntingdonshire</i>, by the Rev. T.M. Macdonogh, Vicar + of Bovingdon. Some further particulars of this family may be found in + Barnabas Oley's preface to <i>Herbert's Country Parson</i>, and in Bishop + Hacket's <i>Life of Archbishop Williams</i>. In <i>Baker's MSS.</i> (vol. + xxxv. p. 389.) in the Public Library of Cambridge, is an article entitled + "Large Materials for writing the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar." Isaac + Walton, in his <i>Life of George Herbert</i>, also notices Ferrar, and + describes minutely his mode of life at Little Gidding. From an + advertisement at the end of Francis Peck's <i>Memoirs of Cromwell</i>, it + appears that Peck had prepared for publication a <i>Life of Mr. Nicholas + Ferrar</i>, no doubt the manuscript collections noticed by MR. RIMBAULT + (p. 407.):</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Little Gidding," it has been observed, "was in England what Port + Royal was in France. Ardent devotion to the Redeemer characterised both. + In each, peace, charity, good order, and love to the souls and bodies of + men, were eminently exhibited; upon each the hand of persecution fell + with unrelenting severity. Port Royal was destroyed by the Jesuits; + Little Gidding by the Puritans."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J.Y.</p> + + <p>Hoxton.</p> + + <p><i>Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire</i> (Vol. ii., p. + 407.).—Allow me to refer DR. RIMBAULT to Hacket's <i>Life of + Archbishop Williams</i>, Part ii. p. 50.; Izaak Walton's <i>Life of + George Herbert</i>; Peter Langloft's <i>Chronicle</i>, ed. Hearne, + Preface, sect xi., Appendix to Preface, Nos. IX. and X.; <i>Caii Vindiciæ + Antiquitatis Academiæ Oxoniensis</i>, ed. Hearne, vol. ii. p. 683. 693. + 697. 702. 713.; and <i>Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar</i>, by + Peter Peckard, D.D., Cambridge, 8vo., 1790 (which is reprinted with + additions from a manuscript in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, in + Dr. Wordsworth's <i>Ecclesiastical Biography</i>). In Dr. Peckard's + Preface will be found somewhat respecting "the loss (probably the unjust + detention)" of Francis Peck's manuscript life of Nicholas Ferrar, + apparently the same manuscript which DR. RIMBAULT states he has seen.</p> + + <p class="author">C.H. COOPER.</p> + + <p>Cambridge, November 16. 1850.</p> + + <p>In Nichol's <i>Litterary Anecdotes</i>, vol. ii. p. 519., it is stated + that "a capital account of the family of Ferrar was compiled by Mr. Gough + for the sixth volume of the second edition of the <i>Biographica + Britannica</i>." Of the only two copies known to exist of the printed + portion of this sixth volume Mr. Chalmers possessed one, and he seems to + have used it in the preparation of the life of Ferrar for his + <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">JOHN J. DREDGE.</p> + + <p>DR. RIMBAULT will find many interesting particulars relating to the + so-called "Arminian Nunnery," and the family of Ferrars, together with an + account of the present state of the place, in a paper by C. Colson, B.A., + Fellow of St. John's College, entitled "An Account of a Visit to Little + Gidding, on the Feast of S. Andrew, 1840," published in the first part of + the <i>Transactions of the Cambridge Camden Society</i>, Stevenson, + Cambridge, 1841.</p> + + <p class="author">E.V.</p> + + <p>Dr. Peckard appears to have had the use of some of Peck's MSS. + (perhaps those referred to by DR. RIMBAULT), but he regrets the loss of a + MS. which he had lent to the Rev. Mr. Jones, of Sheepshall, being, a + <i>Life of Nicholas Ferrar</i>, by Peck, prepared for the press, but + which, after near twenty years' inquiry, he had been unable to recover. + This suggests the Query, Has it ever yet been recovered? DR. RIMBAULT'S + inquiry regarding Thomas Hearne has been answered by Dr. Dibdin + (<i>Bibliomania</i>, London, 1811, p.381.) who informs Dr. Peckard, Dr. + Wordsworth, and his Quarterly Reviewer (p. 93), that Hearne, in the + Supplement to his <i>Thom. Caii Vind. Ant. Oxon.</i>, 1730, 8vo., vol. + ii., "had previously published a copious and curious account of the + monastery at Little Gidding," which he says "does not appear to have been + known to this latter editor," meaning Dr. Wordsworth. I have not Hearne's + work to refer to; but Dr. Dibdin <i>versus</i> Dr. Wordsworth and his + Reviewer, as to ignorance of what so well-known an author as Tom Hearne + has written, is a little curious. The word "Arminian," in DR. RIMBAULT'S + Query, requires a remark. On reading the <i>Memoir</i> which Dr. + Wordsworth has edited, he will find (Appendix, p. 247.) that the Ferrars + complained of "a libellous pamphlet, entitled the <i>Arminian Nunnery at + Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire</i>," and that they repudiated + "Arminianism and other fopperies." This suggests a further Query: Is DR. + RIMBAULT possessed of that pamphlet? The attachment to books manifested + by the Ferrars family entitles them, I humbly think, to as much space as + your "NOTES AND QUERIES" can afford them.</p> + + <p class="author">J.D.N.N.</p> + + <p>Renfrewshire.</p> + + <p>If DR. RIMBAULT or any of your correspondents could furnish a reply to + any of the Queries inserted by you in Vol. ii., p. 119., relative to the + memoir published by Peckard, and other matters connected therewith, I + should feel obliged.</p> + + <p class="author">MATERRE.</p> + + <p>Mr. Henning of Hillingden, a descendant of the Ferrar family, through + his great-uncle, Dr. John Mapletoft, (see Ward's <i>Lives of the Gresham + Professors</i>), who was the great-nephew of Nicholas Ferrar, possessed + one of the three curious volumes arranged by members of the family, <!-- + Page 446 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page446" + id="page446"></a>{446}</span> viz.—<i>A Digest of the History of + our Saviour's Life</i>, with numerous plates. One of these copies was + presented to Charles I. on his going into the North; another to Charles + II. at the Restoration; the third remained in the family. Can any of your + readers tell us whether the copies given to the two kings exist, and if + so, who are the present possessors of them?</p> + + <p class="author">J.H.M.</p> + + <p>Bath</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>VINEYARDS.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 393. 414.).</p> + + <p>CLERICUS will find some information in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> + for the year 1775 (vol. xlv. pp. 513. 632.) which will direct him to a + still fuller discussion of the subject in the third volume of the + <i>Archæologia</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">N.B.</p> + + <p>At <i>Rochester</i> there is a field so called; it is a very favourite + <i>walk</i>. In the neighbourhood of the <i>Cathedral at Bath</i>, there + is one side of a street so called.</p> + + <p class="author">S.S.</p> + + <p>A part of the town of Richmond (Surrey) is called "the Vineyard." The + name, of the origin of which I am ignorant, is applied to a collection of + small houses between the Roman Catholic Chapel and the Rose Cottage + Hotel.</p> + + <p class="author">W.A.G.</p> + + <p>In the fields between Buckden and Diddington, in the county of + Huntingdon, there is what is called "the Vineyard" at the present day; + and connected therewith is what is called, and evidently from the shape + has been, a "fish pond." In Buckden is the abbot's house, with the + original door; and there is no doubt but what the above was, in olden + times, belonging to a religious house in that part.</p> + + <p class="author">M.C.R.</p> + + <p>A small close of land adjoining the churchyard at Oiston, + Nottinghamshire (due west of the church), goes by the name of "the + Vineyard."</p> + + <p class="author">P.P.</p> + + <p>There is also a street at Abingdon called "the Vineyard," from the + land having been formerly used for that purpose by the Benedictines of + Abingdon Abbey. If my memory do not betray me, there is some interesting + information on the early cultivation of the vine in England, in an + article by Mr. T. Hudson Turner, in the <i>Archæological Journal</i>, + which I have not now at hand.</p> + + <p class="author">H.G.T.</p> + + <p>There was a vineyard belonging to Ely Place, Holborn: and another + probably in the Abbey grounds at Westminster. A portion of the estate of + the late Chas. Powell, Esq., of Hinton Court, near Hereford, was called + the "Vineyard" and the Vineyard of the Monks of St. Mary's is yet pointed + out by the good folks of Beaulieu in Hampshire. The vineyards of Bath are + in the heart, not the suburbs of the present town.</p> + + <p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 168.).</p> + + <p>As supplementary to J.B.'s valuable paper on the <i>Treatise of + Equivocation</i>, I transcribe the following from the <i>Smith + Manuscripts</i> (num. lxix. 5. p. 35.), thinking it may leave an interest + for some of your readers:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"<i>Apud, D.P.</i> 13th of May, 1597.</p> + + <p><i>Gerard the Jesuite, his Defence of Æquivocation.</i></p> + + <p>John Gerard, the Jesuite, being told that, upon the arraignment of + Sowthwell the priest of high treason, one of the witnesses being asked + upon her oath by one of the judges, in open court, whether Sowthwell were + ever in Bellamie's house, said that she had been perswaded by Sowthwell + to affirme upon her oath, that she did not see Sowthwell in Bellamie's + house and to keep this secret in her mind, of INTENT TO TELL YOU, whereas + in truth she had seen him diverse times in Bellamie's house; and + Sowthwell being charged therewith, openly confessed the same, and sought + to justifie the same by the place out of Jeremie, that a man ought to + swear <i>in judicio, justitiá, et veritate</i>. Now, this John Gerrard, + being asked what his opinion and judgment was concerning Southwell's + opinion above said, said that he was of the same opinion, and seemed to + justifie the same by the example of our Saviour Christ, who said to His + disciples, that <i>you shall go to Jerusalem, Ego autem non ascendam</i>, + keeping this secret to himself, of INTENT TO TELL YOU. And also sayeth + that our Saviour Christ said, that the Son of Man did not know of the day + of judgment, keeping this secret to himself, OF INTENT TO TELL YOU; for + he sayeth, that as he was Son of Man he knew it, and could not be + ignorant of any thing: and furder sayeth, that a witness being examined, + <i>juridicè</i> and of temporal things, not concerning religion or + Catholics, cannot answer with such æquivocation as is above said. And, + forasmuch as this opinion and the defence thereof seemed to be damnable + and blasphemous, he was required to sett down his own opinion therein, + least he should be mistaken; but he denied the same, not because it is + untrue, but because he would not publish it. Then being required to + subscribe the same, denied the same also.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>RICHARD BARKLEY.</p> + <p>WILLIAM WAAD.</p> + <p>EDWARD COOK.</p> + <p>THOMAS FLEMING."</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>The reference "<i>Apud. D.P.</i>," which stands as I have placed it + above, may perhaps enable some of your contributors to point out the + source from which this account is derived. The date at the top appears to + have been added by a later hand.</p> + + <p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> + + <p>Oxford, Nov. 1850.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RIOTS IN LONDON.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., pp. 273. 332.)</p> + + <p>Will you do me the favour to insert the following attempt to set right + and disentangle the thread <!-- Page 447 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page447" id="page447"></a>{447}</span> of my narrative respecting + the death of young Allen. Certain it is that I was not "an actor nor + spectator," in the riots of 1768, for they occurred some little time + before I was born! It is equally certain that a man well remembered by me + as our servant, whose name was "Mac," was a soldier concerned in the + affair of Allen's death. As all the three soldiers had the prefix of + "Mac" to their names, I cannot tell which of them it was, but it was + <i>not</i> the man who really shot Allen, and <i>was never again heard + of</i>; for "Mac," whom I so well remember, must have lived with my + father <i>after</i> the affair of 1768, or <i>I</i> could not have known + him. In my youthful remembrance, I have blended the story about him with + the riots which I had witnessed in 1780: this is the best and only + explanation I can give. Sure I am, that all my father related to me of + that man was true. I presume the "Mac" I knew must have been Maclane, as + your correspondent E.B. PRICE thinks probable, because of his trial and + acquittal, which agrees with my father's statement; and especially as he + was singled out and erroneously accused of the crime—as the + quotation above referred to states. All I can say is, I can relate no + more; I have told the story <i>as I remember it,</i> and for myself can + only apologise that (though not so old as to witness the riots of 1768) I + am old enough to experience that Time has laid his hand not only on my + head to whiten my locks, but in this instance compels me to acknowledge + that even the memories of my early days are, like the present, imperfect. + The failure is with me, not with my father.</p> + + <p>This vindication of my honourable parent's undoubted veracity reminds + me of a circumstance that I have read or heard in a trial with regard to + a right of way across an inclosure. Several aged men had given their + evidence, when one said, "I remember that a public footpath for more than + 100 years." "How old are you?" said the counsel. "Somewhere about + eighty," was as the reply. "How then do you remember the path for 100 + years?" "I remember (said the old man firmly), when a boy, sitting on my + father's knee, and he told me of a robbery that took place on that + footpath; and so I know it existed <i>then</i>, for <i>my father never + told a lie</i>." The point was carried, and the footpath remains open to + this day, to tell to all generations <i>the beauty of truth</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">SENEX.</p> + + <p>In Malcolm's <i>Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during + the eighteenth Century</i>, 4to. 1808, there is a</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Summary of the Trial of Donald Maclane, on Tuesday last, at Guildford + Assizes, for the murder of William Allen Jun. on the 10th of May last in + St. George's Fields."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Upon the trial mention was made of the paper stuck up against the + walls of the King's Bench Prison, from which it appears that it contained + the following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Let * * * Judges, Ministers combine,</p> + <p>And here great Wilkes and Liberty confine.</p> + <p>Yet in each English heart secure their fame is</p> + <p>In spite of crowded levies at St. J——'s.</p> + <p>Then while in prison Envy dooms their stay,</p> + <p>Here grateful Britons daily homage pay."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The inscription upon the tomb of William Allen was visible in 1817, + and in addition to the inscription on the north side, which has already + been printed in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 333), was as + follows:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>South Side.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"O disembody'd soul! most rudely driven</p> + <p>From this low orb (our sinful seat) to Heaven,</p> + <p>While filial piety can please the ear,</p> + <p>Thy name will still occur for ever dear:</p> + <p>This very spot now humaniz'd shall crave</p> + <p>From all a tear of pity on thy grave.</p> + <p>O flow'r of flow'rs! which we shall see no more,</p> + <p>No kind returning Spring can thee restore,</p> + <p>Thy loss thy hapless countrymen deplore.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>East Side.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"O earth! cover not thou my blood."—<i>Job.</i> xvi. 18.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>West Side.</i></p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote> + <p>"Take away the wicked from before the King, and His throne shall be + established in righteousness."—<i>Prov.</i> xxiii. 5.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Fifteen months afterwards the father of William Allen presented a + petition to his majesty for vengeance on the murderers of his son.</p> + + <p class="author">O. SMITH.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p><b>Replies to Minor Queries</b></p> + + <p><i>Osnaburg Bishopric</i> (Vol. ii. p. 358.).—By the treaty of + Osnaburg, in 1624, it was stipulated "that the alternate nomination to + the Bishopric of Osnaburg should be in the catholic bishops, and in the + protestant branches of the house of Luneburg." Thus, the Princes Ernest + Augustus, the father of George I., Ernest Augustus, brother of the same + monarch, and the late Duke of York, became sovereign-bishops of Osnaburg. + But by the treaty of Vienna, in 1815, the bishopric became an integral + part of the kingdom of Hanover. (Vide <i>Halliday's House of Guelph</i>, + 4to. 1820, pp. 134, 135, 335.)</p> + + <p class="author">F.E.</p> + + <p><i>Death of Richard II.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 391.).—Otterburn tells + us (pp. 228, 229.) that Richard II.'s death took place at <i>Pontefract + Castle</i>, on St. Valentine's day, and adds, that the body was exposed + to public view in all the principal towns through which it passed on the + road to London. See also Walsingham (p. 363.):</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Clausitque diem extremum <i>apud castrum de Pontefracto</i>, die + Sancti Valentini."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 448 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page448" id="page448"></a>{448}</span></p> + + <p>The Keeper of the Wardrobe, moreover, received 100 marks for the + conveyance of the king's body from Pontefract to London. (<i>Issue + Rolls</i>, 1 Henry IV.)</p> + + <p>It was the belief of many contemporaries—and arguments have been + adduced by modern writers in support of the supposition—(see a very + interesting treatise on the subject in the second volume of Tytler's + <i>History of Scotland</i>), that Richard II. escaped from his prison, + and lived for several years in Stirling Castle. But be that as it may, + Froissart, I think, is clearly wrong in stating that he died in the Tower + of London.</p> + + <p class="author">O.P.Q.</p> + + <p>In answer to your Query relative to the death of Richard II., and his + dying at Pontefract, I beg to refer you to Devon's printed <i>Pell + Records</i>, Hen. III. to Hen. VI., p. 275, for the following entry:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"17 February. To Thos. Tuttabury, clerk, keeper of the king's + wardrobe, In money paid to him by the hands of Wm. Pampleon, Esq., for + expenses incurred for the carriage of the body of Richard, late king of + England, <i>from the town of Pomferait to London</i>, by Writ, &c., + 66<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again, at page 276.:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"To a certain other valet, sent from London, by direction of the + king's council, to Pontfreyt Castle for the protection and safe custody + of the body of Richard II., late king of England, In money paid to his + own hands for his wages and expenses, 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This seems to be decisive of the question; but there are several other + interesting entries bearing on the same point.</p> + + <p class="author">D.P.R.</p> + + <p><i>Scottish Prisoners sold to Plantations</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 297. 350. + 379.).—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The judgements of heaven were never so visible upon any people as + those which have fallen upon the Scots since [the sale of Charles I.]; + for, besides the sweeping furious plague that reigned in Edinburgh, and + the incredible number of witches which have increased, and have been + executed there since; besides the sundry shameful defeats they have + received by the English, who carried away more of them prisoners than + they were themselves in number; <i>besides that many of them died of mere + hunger; besides that they were sold away slaves, at half a crown a dozen, + for foreign plantations among savages</i>; I say besides all this chain + of judgements, with diverse others, they have quite lost their reputation + among all mankind; some jeer them, some hate them, and none pity + them."—Howell's <i>German Dict.</i>, p. 65., 1653.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Echard, in <i>Hist. Eng.</i>, vol. ii. p. 727., speaking of the + prisoners taken at Worcester, says that Cromwell</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"marched up triumphantly to London, driving four or five thousand + prisoners like sheep before him; making presents of them, as occasion + offered, as of so many slaves, and selling the rest for that purpose into + the English plantations abroad."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. DN.</p> + + <p><i>Lachrymatories.</i>—There is absolutely <i>no</i> authority + in any ancient author for this name, and the best scholars speak of these + vessels as <i>the bottles usually called lachrymatories</i>, &c. It + would be curious to discover when the name was first used, and by whom + first this absurd use was imagined. It <i>[illegible]</i> that their + <i>proper</i> use was to contain perfumes, scents, and unguents, as sweet + odours to rest with the departed. Becker says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Bottles, filled with perfumes, were placed inside the tomb, which was + besprinkled <i>odoribus</i>. These are the tear-flasks, or + <i>lachrymatories</i>, so often mentioned formerly."—<i>Gallus</i>, + p. 413. Eng. Tr.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A wasteful use of perfumes at funerals (<i>sumptuosa respersio</i>, + Cicero de Legibus, ii. 23.) was forbidden by the Twelve Tables. The + eighth verse of the fifty-sixth Psalm,</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"My flight thou numberest: put my tears in thy bottle: stand they not + in thy book?"—<i>Hengstenberg</i>, Clarke's Tr. Edinb.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>is, I believe, the only evidence that can be brought in favour of the + old opinion; but we surely cannot take the highly figurative language of + Eastern poetry to establish a Roman custom of which we have no hint + elsewhere. This verse admits of a much simpler interpretation; see Arndt, + quoted by Hengstenberg <i>ad locum</i>. From a review of <i>Museum + Disneianum</i>, which appeared in No. XXIII. of the <i>Classical + Museum</i>, it seems that Mr. Disney has devoted to this subject some + pages of the introduction to Part II. of the above work, of which a + summary is given by the reviewer.</p> + + <p class="author">ED. S. JACKSON.</p> + + <p>Torreridge, Herts, Oct. 23.</p> + + <p><i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 205.).—MR. + SANSOM is sustained by Anthony Wood in assigning the <i>Querela</i> to + Dean Ryves; but it may be doubted whether he were anything but the + editor, publishing it as an Appendix to the <i>Mercurius Rusticus</i>. + The title of the work is <i>Querela Cantabrigiensis: or A Remonstrance by + way of Apologie for the banished Members of the late flourishing + University of Cambridge, by some of the said Sufferers</i>. Now Dean + Ryves was a member of the University of Oxford. In Wood's <i>Fasti</i>, + it is stated that he took the degree of B.A., Oct. 26, 1616, being then + of New College. On June 9, 1619, he was admitted of Magdalen College, as + a member of which he took his B.D. in 1632, and proceeded to D.D. in + 1639. He had nothing therefore to do with the sufferings of the members + of the University of Cambridge. In the <i>Life of Dr. Barwick</i>, the + account given of the <i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i> is:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"But <i>Mr. Barwick's</i> no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, + together with others of the university, groaning under the same yoke of + tyranny, <i>and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his + own college</i>, <!-- Page 449 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page449" + id="page449"></a>{449}</span> gave a distinct narrative of all these + barbarities, and under the title of <i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i>, or + the <i>University of Cambridge's Complaint</i>, got it printed by the + care of <i>Mr. Richard Royston</i>, a bookseller of <i>London</i>, who + did great service to his king and country, by printing and disposing, in + the most difficult times, books written in defence of the royal cause." + pp. 32-33.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the Appendix (p.495. note), Dr. Bruno Ryves is mentioned, and + spoken of as the author of <i>Mercurius Rusticus</i>; but no notice is + taken of his being one of the authors of the <i>Querela</i>. Of Dr. + Ryves, who assisted in the Polyglot, a good account is given in Todd's + <i>Life of Bishop Walton</i>, vol. i. pp. 306-309.</p> + + <p>Barwick was upon another occasion assisted in a work against the + League and Covenant, published in 1644, by William Lacy of St. John's, + Isaac Barrow of Peter-House, Sethward of Sidney College, Edmund Baldero, + and William Quarles of Pembroke Hall, and Peter Gunning of Clare Hall. It + is not an improbable conjecture that some of these distinguished men + assisted in the composition of the <i>Querela</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">A.B.R.</p> + + <p>Easton.</p> + + <p><i>"Then" for "than."</i>—At the end of Selden's <i>Titles of + Honour</i> (edit. 1631), after the list of "Faults escapled in print," + occur the words, "may with no less difficulty be amended <i>then</i> + observed?" Was the word <i>then</i> commonly used in the sense of + <i>than</i>; or is it a misprint?</p> + + <p class="author">P.H.F.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[Dr Latham, in <i>English Language</i>, p. 377. (3d ed.), observes. + "As to the word <i>than</i>, the conjunction of comparison, it is a + variety of <i>then</i>; the notions of <i>order</i>, <i>sequence</i>, and + <i>comparison</i>, being allied. <i>This is good; then</i> (or <i>next in + order</i>) <i>that is good</i>, is an expression sufficiently similar to + <i>this is better than that</i> to have given rise to it."]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception</i> (Vol. ii., p. + 407.).—"The Papal decision" referred to may probably be found in + the Popes Letters of 2nd Feb. 1849, and of 20th May, 1850. The former + professes to seek for information on this question from the priests and + bishops of the whole Catholic world, but at the same time it enunciates + clearly the Pope's opinion in favour of the doctrine.</p> + + <p class="author">J.H.M.</p> + + <p>Bath.</p> + + <p>In the <i>Catholic Annual Register for the Year ended 30th June, + 1850</i>, published by Dolman, will be found the recent Allocution of his + Holiness Pius IX., a Pastoral of the Cardinal Wiseman, and one from the + bishops of America on this subject; from which your correspondent L. will + be fully able to discover the present state of the doctrine of the + Catholic Church on this mystery.</p> + + <p class="author">FESTE.</p> + + <p><i>Letters of Horning</i> (Vol. ii., p. 393.).—Letters of + Horning, in the law of Scotland, are writs issuing under the signet of + the sovereign (used in the Supreme Court, or Court of Session, for + signifying the sovereign's assent to writs issuing from that court) + obtained by creditors, commanding messengers at arms</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"To charge the debtor to pay or perform his obligation within a day + certain." ... "If payment be not made within the days mentioned in the + horning, the messsenger, after proclaiming three oyesses at the + marketcross of the head borough of the debtor's domicil, and reading the + letters there, blows three blasts with a horn, by which the debtor is + understood to be proclaimed rebel to the king for contempt of his + authority."</p> + + <p>§ 26. "Denunciation, if registered within fifteen days, either in the + sheriff's books or in the general register, drew after it the rebel's + single cheat, i.e. forfeiture of his moveables to the crown. So severe a + penalty, with the character of rebel affixed to denunciation on civil + debts, was probably owing to this; that anciently letters of horning were + not granted but to enforce the performance of facts within one's own + power, and when afterwards [in 1584] they came to be issued on liquid + debts, the legislature neglected to soften the penalty. Insomuch that + those who were denounced rebels, even for a civil cause, might be put to + death with impunity till 1612. Persons denounced rebels have not a + <i>persona standi ne judicio</i>. They can neither sue nor defend in any + action."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have preferred, to any explanation of my own, to make the preceding + extracts from Erskine's <i>Principles of the law of Scotland</i>, Book + ii., Title 5., Sections 24, 25, 26.,—a standard institutional work + of the highest authority.</p> + + <p>For those who are disinclined to examine the subject too gravely, I + must refer to another authority equally worthy of credit, viz. Sir Walter + Scott's <i>Antiquary</i>, where, in Chapter xviii.,</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Full of wise saws and modern instances."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>the subject of imprisonment for debt in Scotland is discussed most + ably by Jonathan Oldbuck, Esq., of Monkbarns, who proves to his nephew, + Captain McIntyre, that in that happy country no man can be legally + imprisoned <i>for debt</i>. He says,—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"You suppose now a man's committed to prison because he cannot pay his + debts? Quite otherwise; the truth is, the king is so good as to interfere + at the request of the creditor, and to send the debtor his royal command + to do him justice within a certain time; fifteen days, or six, as the + case may be. Well, the man resists, and disobeys; what follows? Why, that + he be lawfully and rightfully declared a rebel to our gracious sovereign, + whose command he has disobeyed, and that by three blasts of a horn, at + the market-place of Edinburgh, the metropolis of Scotland. And he is then + legally imprisoned, not on account of any civil debt, but because of his + ungrateful contempt of the royal mandate."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have only quoted what was absolutely necessary to answer the Query; + but there is much more to be found on the subject in the same place.</p> + + <p>I cannot suppose that there is any one of your readers so illiterate + as not to have read the <i>Antiquary</i>, <!-- Page 450 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page450" id="page450"></a>{450}</span> there are + few memories which are not the better for being from time to time + refreshed. My own is not of the best, which is sometimes disadvantageous + to me, but not in a case like this. I have frequently read over the + <i>Antiquary</i>, again and again, and have always derived much pleasure + and amusement from so doing, and that pleasure I hope still again to + enjoy.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S——s.</p> + + <p><i>Dr. Euseby Cleaver</i> (Vol. ii., p. 297.).—Your + correspondent H. COTTON, Thurles, Ireland, is mistaken with reward to Dr. + Euseby Cleaver. He was never Bishop of Cork and Ross. He was Bishop of + Ferns and Leighlin, and translated thence to the archbishopric of Dublin + <i>about</i> the year 1805. No doubt the transaction will be found in the + Registry of Ferns, but I do not know the date of his consecration.</p> + + <p>I was acquainted with that good man, and my mother was his first + cousin.</p> + + <p class="author">R.S.</p> + + <p>Belgave, Nov. 15. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Mrs. Partington</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 377. 411.).—In the Rev. + Sydney Smith's speech at Taunton, on the Lords' rejection of the Reform + Bill, October, 1831, is this passage:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The attempt of the Lords to stop the progress of reform, reminds me + very forcibly of the great storm of Sidmouth, and of the conduct of the + excellent Mrs. Partington on that occasion. In the winter of 1824, there + set in a great flood upon that town—the tide rose to an incredible + height—the waves rushed in upon the houses, and everything was + threatened with destruction. In the midst of this sublime and terrible + storm, Dame Partington, who lived upon the beach, was seen at the door of + her house with mop and pattens, trundling her mop, squeezing out the + sea-water, and vigorously pushing away the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic + was roused. Mrs. Partington's spirit was up; but I need not tell you that + the contest was unequal. The Atlantic Ocean beat Mrs Partington. She was + excellent at a slop or a puddle, but she should not have meddled with a + tempest."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This speech is reprinted in the collected editions of Sydney Smith's + <i>Works</i>. Unless an allusion to Mrs. Partington of a prior date to + October, 1831, is produced, we may fairly consider that the celebrity of + that lady is owing to Sydney Smith.</p> + + <p>I doubt if Lord Brougham ever alluded to Mrs. Partington. Certain it + is he never made any speech in the House of <i>Commons</i> on the Reform + Bill, as he was raised to the peerage some months before that bill was + brought forward.</p> + + <p class="author">C.H. COOPER.</p> + + <p><i>"Never did Cardinal bring good to England"</i> (Vol. ii., p. + 424.).—Your correspondent O.P.Q. refers to Dr. Lingard's <i>History + of England</i>, in which this exclamation of the Duke of Suffolk, on the + adjournment of the legatine inquiry into the validity of the marriage of + Henry VIII. and Catharine of Arragon, is termed an "old saw," and remarks + that he should be glad to know if this saying is to be met with + elsewhere, and what gave rise to it. Before we enter upon the inquiries + suggested by O.P.Q., it seems to me that we have to consider a previous + question—what authority is there for terming it an "old saw." Dr. + Lingard refers to "Cavendish, 434.; Herbert, 278." as his authorities for + the whole paragraph. But Herbert does not contain anything of the kind + and Cavendish relates the matter very differently:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"With that stepped forth the Duke of Suffolk from the king, and lay + his commandment spoke these words with a stout and an hault countenance, + 'It was never merry in England,' quoth he, 'whilst we had cardinals + amongst us!'"—Cavendish's <i>Wolsey</i>, pp. 232, 233, Singer's + edition.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is Dr. Lingard the authority for these words being an "old saw", or + has he merely omitted to give a reference to the place from whence he + really derived them?</p> + + <p class="author">BERUCHINO.</p> + + <p><i>Pandects, Florentine Edition of</i> (Vol. ii., p. 421.).—Your + correspondent R.G. will find copies of the Florentine edition of the + Pandects of 1553, both in the British Museum and in the Bodleian library + at Oxford. It is described in the catalogues of both under the title of + <i>Pandecta</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">C.L.L.</p> + + <p><i>Master John Shorne</i> (Vol. ii., p. 387.).—Mr. Thoms, in his + curious notes on this personage, has expressed much regret that fuller + details relating to a representation of <i>Magister Johannes Schorn</i> + at Cawston, Norfolk, communicated to the Archæological Institute by the + Rev. James Bulwer, had not been preserved in the <i>Archæological + Journal</i>. I believe that the omission was solely in deference to Mr. + Bulwer's intention of giving in another publication the results of his + inquiries, and those persons who may desire detailed information + regarding Master John will do well to peruse Mr. Bulwer's curious memoir + in the <i>Norfolk Archæology</i>, vol. ii. p. 280., published March 1849, + where representations of the figure at Cawston, and of another at + Gateley, Norfolk, are given. There seems to be no evidence that Sir John, + although in both instances pourtrayed with <i>nimbus</i>, had been + actually canonized and it is deserving of notice that in no ancient + evidence hitherto cited is he designated as a Saint, but merely as + Master, or Sir John. I am surprised that Dr. Husenbeth, who is so + intimately conversant with the examples of hagiotypic symbols existing in + Norfolk, should not have given him even a supplementary place in his most + useful manual of the <i>Emblems of Saints</i>, recently published. + (Burns, 1850, 12mo.) I have sought for Sir John in vain, in either + section of that valuable work. It occurs neither under the names of + saints, nor in the series of emblems.</p> + + <p class="author">ALBERT WAY.</p> + + <p><i>"Her brow was fair"</i> (Vol. ii p. 407.).—The author of the + passage quoted by J.M.B. is Barry Cornwall. It occurs in one of the + delicious <!-- Page 451 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page451" + id="page451"></a>{451}</span> little "Miscellaneous Poems" attached to + the volume entitled <i>Dramatic Scenes</i>. The quotation is not quite + accurate, the last two words of the first line, "and look'd," being + carried into the second, and thus destroying the metre of both. The Dr. + Armstrong alluded to by J.M.B. is, I suppose, a modern celebrity of whom + I must plead guilty of being ignorant. The lines could, of course, only + occur in the writings of the Dr. Armstrong who wrote <i>The Art of + Preserving Health</i>, and who was the friend of the poet Thomson, + through the interpolation of some modern editor, within the last thirty + years. Barry Cornwall's poems have never been collected, in this country + at least; and as the volume which contains the one in question is to be + met with only occasionally, on the book stalls, I send you the entire + poem:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">THE MAGDALEN.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"And woman who had wept her loveliest dower</p> + <p>There hid her broken heart.</p> + <p class="i2"><i>Paris.</i> "I do remember it. Twas such a face</p> + <p>As Guido would have loved to dwell upon;</p> + <p>But oh! the touches of his pencil never</p> + <p>Could paint her perfect beauty. In her home</p> + <p>(Which once she did desert) I saw her last;</p> + <p>Propp'd up by pillows, swelling round her like</p> + <p>Soft heaps of snow, yielding, and fit to bear</p> + <p>Her faded figure. I observed her well:</p> + <p>Her brow was fair, but <i>very</i> pale, and look'd</p> + <p>Like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil</p> + <p>Its whiteness. O'er her temple one blue vein</p> + <p>Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand</p> + <p>Branch'd like the fibre of a leaf—away.</p> + <p>Her mouth was tremulous, and her cheek wore then</p> + <p>A flush of beautiful vermilion,</p> + <p>But more like art than nature; and her eye</p> + <p>Spoke as became the youthful Magdalen,</p> + <p>Dying and broken-hearted."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">G.J. DE WILDE.</p> + + <p><i>Dodd's Church History</i> (Vol. ii., p. 347).—G.R., who is + good enough to speak of my edition of this work in a very flattering + manner, presumes, and not unnaturally, from the lengthened period which + has elapsed since the appearance of the last, or fifth volume, that its + continuation "has for some reason or other been abandoned." I am glad, + however, to inform him that such is not the case. Health, and other + uncontrollable circumstances, have unfortunately interfered to impede the + progress of the work; but that it is not abandoned, I hope, ere long, to + give to him and to the public a practical evidence.</p> + + <p class="author">M.A. TIERNEY.</p> + + <p>Arundel, Nov. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Blackwall Docks</i> (Vol. i., pp. 141. 220.).—These, in + Pepys' time, probably included more than the dry docks, known as Wigram's + and Green's; <i>e.g.</i>, in Sir Thomas Brame's <i>Letters</i>, dated + 29th Sept. 1666, we read:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Blackwall hath the largest wet dock in England, and belongs chiefly + to the East India Company."—Sir Thos. Brame's <i>Letters</i>, edit. + Wilkin, t. i. p. 135.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. DN.</p> + + <p><i>Wives of Ecclesiastics</i> (Vol. i., p. 149.).—In Archdeacon + Hale's <i>Curious Precedents in Criminal Causes</i>, p. 23., under 1490, + and in the parish of S. Nicholas, Coldharbour, London, we read:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Nicholai Colde.—Johannes Warwick quondam clericus parochie + ibidem adulteravit cum Rosa Williamson et ob amorem illius mutilavit et + quasi interfecit uxorem propriam."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>We may remark that the delinquent is not called Dominus, but "clericus + parochie."</p> + + <p class="author">W. DN.</p> + + <p><i>Stephens' Sermons</i> (Vol. i., p. 334.).—The sermons + referred to by BALLIOLIENSIS, with a suggestion that they may be those of + the Rev. W. Stephens, were preached by Rev. Samuel Johnson, vicar of + Great, and rector of Little Torrington. Stephens was subsequently vicar + of St. Andrew's, Plymouth, a living then in the gift of the + corporation.</p> + + <p class="author">W. DN.</p> + + <p><i>Saying of Montaigne</i> (Vol. ii., p. 278.).—I have seen this + attributed to Fenelon, and, I think, to an English divine; but have no + "Note," and regret I cannot recollect the name.</p> + + <p class="author">ESTE.</p> + + <p><i>Scala Cœli</i> (Vol. ii., p. 285.)—They are not + <i>in</i> the church of St. John Lateran, but in a separate portico-like + building. They form the middle flight, up which the faithful ascend on + their knees, and descend by ordinary stairs on each side. These stairs + are of stone (or marble), and are covered with boards, so that only parts + are visible. They are said to have formed part of Pilate's house at + Jerusalem; but I believe there are other claimants for the honour. One or + two brass stars, inlaid in the stone, are said to mark the spots where + Christ's tears fell.</p> + + <p class="author">ESTE.</p> + + <p>Birmingham, Nov. 13. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Red Hand—Holt Family—Aston Church</i> (Vol. ii., p. + 241.).—The tradition is not, I belive, of very ancient date. It is + stated that one of the Holt family murdered his cook, and was afterwards + compelled to adopt the red hand in his arms. It is, however, obviously + only the "Ulster badge" of baronetcy. I have never heard any further + particulars of the tradition.</p> + + <p class="author">ESTE.</p> + + <p><i>Swearing by Swans</i> (Vol. ii., p. 392.).—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Toison d'or parut ensuite; il apportait un faisan vivant, orné d'un + collier d'or; alors le duc Philippe, suivant l'ancien usage qu'avaient + les seigneurs de prêter leurs serments sur quelque noble oiseau, jura + qu'il irait en personne dans l'Orient combattre le chef des Sarrasins." + &c., &c.—<i>Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne</i>, par F. + Valentin, troisième édition, p. 235. 8vo. Tours, 1846.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">E.J.M.</p> + + <p>Oxford.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 452 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page452" id="page452"></a>{452}</span></p> + + <p><i>"Tickhill, God help me!"</i> (Vol. i., p. 247.).—Chagford, on + the borders Dartmoor, in Devon, is in winter a very desolate and almost + unapproachable place. If an inhabitant be asked at this season concerning + his locality, he calls it, in sad tones, "Chagford, good Lord!" In summer + the place is picturesque and much sought, and then the exulting + designation is "Chaggiford, and what d'ye think?"</p> + + <p>Widdicombe-in-the-Moor, in the same neighbourhood, is a most + out-of-the-way place, and is commonly spoken of as "Widdicombe in the + cold country, good Lord!"</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + + <p><i>"Noli me tangere"</i> (Vol. ii., p. 253.).—To the list given + of the painters of this subject may be added <i>Frederico Baroccio</i>. A + singularly beautiful engraving by Raphael Morghen of this picture, then + in the possession of the Marquis Bonvisi of Lucca, was published at + Florence, 1816.</p> + + <p class="author">C.I.R.</p> + + <p><i>Judas Bell, Judas Candle, &c.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 298.).—In + the parish accounts of Lambeth, the two following entries + occur:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"1516. To James Calcot for payntyng of Judas, 6<i>d.</i>"</p> + <p>"1523. Paid for a staff for Judas crosse — 4<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I venture to add these to the instances cited by Mr. Walcott, hoping + that the slightly varied form may furnish a clue by which some of your + readers may be able to unravel the meaning of such allusions more + satisfactorily than any yet attempted.</p> + + <p class="author">J.C.B.</p> + + <p><i>Burial towards the West</i> (Vol. ii., p. 408.).—Mr. Hawker + has stated very confidently that</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"It was the ancient usage of the Church that the martyr, the bishop, + the saint, and even the priest, should occupy in their sepulture a + position the reverse of the secular dead, and lie down with their feet + westward and their heads to the rising sun."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is true that a custom has existed in many places for nearly two + centuries and a half to assign to the clergy a method of interment + distinct from that adopted for the laity; and the observance of this + usage is not limited to Romanists, for its continuance may be noted among + members of the Church of Ireland also, at least in remote districts of + that country. With respect to this matter, however, your correspondent + has entirely misapplied the term "ancient;" for until the seventeenth + century there was not any difference in the mode of sepulture prescribed + for priests and laymen but, most commonly, all persons entitled to + Christian burial were placed with their feet toward the east, in + consequence of a tradition relative to the position of our Saviour's body + in the tomb. (Haimo, <i>Hom. pro Die Sancto Pasch.</i>; J. Gregrory, + <i>Oriens nomen Ejus</i>, 85., Martene, <i>De Antiq. Eccles. Ritibus</i>, + tom. ii. p. 374. Venet. 1783.) It is believed that there is no earlier + authority for the sacerdotal privilege in question than a rule contained + in the <i>Rituale Romanum</i> sanctioned by Pope Paul V. in June, 1614; + viz.:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Corpora defunctorum in ecclesia ponenda sunt pedibus versus altare + majus ... Presbyteri verò habeant caput versus altare."—Cap. <i>De + Exsequiis</i>, p. 63. Antwerp, 1635.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A rubric afterwards directs (p. 168.) that the bier should be so set + down in the middle of the church that in every case the injunction + previously given should be complied with, even from the commencement of + the funeral service; and, in fact, the manner of adhering to the + established practice of exhibiting in the church to the people the bodies + of the deceased clergy, clad in vestments, prior to their interment (on + which occasions an altar-ward posture was naturally selected for the + head, in order that the remains might be more easily seen), appears to + have originated the idea of the fitness of retaining an unjustifiable + priestly prerogative at the time of burial.</p> + + <p>Mr. Hawker may peruse with much advantage the first Appendix in the + second edition of <i>Eusebii Romani Epistola de Cultu Sanctorum + ignotorum</i>. Mabillon has herein very usefully enlarged what he had + said, "De Sepultura Sacerdotum," in the preceding impression, of which a + French translation was speedily published at Paris, 12mo in eights, 1698. + The text of both editions may be found together in tome i. of the + <i>Ouvrages posthumes de Mabillon et Ruinart</i>, à Paris, 1724.</p> + + <p class="author">R.G.</p> + + <p><i>Totnes Church</i> (Vol. ii., p. 376).—As the priory of St. + Mary stood on the N.E. side of the parish church, it is not improbable + that the arched passage to which your querist H.G.T. refers may have been + formed between the two buildings, and found needful to allow room for the + extension of the chancel on the re-erection of the church in 1432. + Perhaps if H.G.T. could refer to the ancient documents brought to light + by the fall of one of the pinnacles into the room over the porch in 1799, + he would gain some information in connexion with his inquiry. The + following note may have reference to the very "gangway" in question:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"William Ryder of Totnes, by his will dated 18th Nov. 1432 desires to + be buried in the cemetery of the parish church, in itinere processionali + juxta ecclesiam prioris et conventus Totton, ex opposito magni altaris + ejusdem ecclesiæ."—See Dr. Oliver's <i>Monasticum Dioc. Exon.</i> + p. 239.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It appears that the present churchyard is the site of the priory, but + on this point the labours of the sexton would probably give some + intimation.</p> + + <p class="author">S.S.S.</p> + + <p><i>Irish Brigade</i> (Vol. ii., p. 407.).—Your correspondent + J.B. will find some interesting particulars concerning the Irish Brigade + in the <i>Military History of the Irish Nation</i>, by Matthew O'Conor, + extending to the peace of Utrecht in 1711. It <!-- Page 453 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page453" id="page453"></a>{453}</span> was never + finished. There is very valuable Appendix in French, written in 1749, and + authenticated September 1. 1815, by the Adj.-Comm.-Col. De M. Morres + (Hervé); it gives the war-orders, pay, changes in the organization, and + numbers of this gallant corps.</p> + + <p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>We have received the second edition of <i>Chronicles of the Ancient + British Church</i>. The author exhibits great industry and research, and + brings that kindly reverential temper to his subject, which cannot fail + to win for it the sympathy of his readers. The apostolic origin of + British Christianity, and the early independence of the British Church, + are satisfactorily maintained, the labours of St. Patrick in Ireland, St. + David and his workfellows in Wales, St. Columba and St. Ninian in the + North, are duly chronicled; and the slender particulars that remain to us + of the ancient Church in Cornwall, are gleaned up with diligence and + accuracy. The volume is put together in a readable and popular shape, but + is not unworthy the attention of even our clerical friends. The author + takes nothing upon trust, and while availing himself of the labours of + Usher, Stillingfleet, &c., he ascends to the original authorities + from which they drew, and makes us acquainted with the pages of Gildas, + Nennius, and Giraldus Cambrensis.</p> + + <p>There is a time-honoured proverb, which bids us "Laugh and grow fat." + The author of a series of very witty and instructive papers written under + the title of, and for the prose of showing us <i>How to make Home + Unhealthy</i>,—written, too, it is obvious, on the principle of + "When I say hold fast, let go, and When I say let go, hold + fast,"—has improved upon the old saw, and bids us "Laugh and grow + healthy." The subject is one which comes home to everybody, and we + accordingly recommend everybody in search of a pleasant half-hour's + reading of a happy combination of common sense and uncommon humour to + apply themselves to the study of <i>How to make Home Unhealthy</i>.</p> + + <p>We last week called attention to several Flemish works likely to + interest English readers. We have since seen how desirable it is that + this should be done, in the fact, that a curious Flemish Rhyming + Chronicle respecting our Edward III., by Jan de Klerk, edited in 1840 by + that accomplished antiquary Willems, and of which only 100 copies were + printed, has hitherto been so little known in this country, that nearly a + quarter of the whole impression was left unsold in the hands of the late + Mr. Rodd. At the last sale of Mr. Rodd's books they were purchased by Mr. + Quaritch.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues:—Thomas Thorpe's (13. + Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) General Catalogue of the most extensive + Collection of Curious Books on Sale in this or any other country, in most + Languages and classes of Literature, and including many hundred Articles + of the utmost rarity; William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue of + Second-hand English and Foreign Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile, + Holborn) List No. XXX. of Miscellaneous Second-hand Books; Reeves' and + Turner's (98. Chancery Lane) Catalogue No. 14. of Cheap Books, many Rare + and Curious; John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 14. for + 1850, of Books Old and New; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue + Part CXVIII., No. 12. for 1850, of Old and New Books.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Wednesday next and three + following days, the valuable Philological, Biblical, and Miscellaneous + Library of the late Rev. Richard Garnet of the British Museum.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p>OBI. An early and abridged edition.</p> + + <p>BURKE'S WORKS. 9 vols. 8vo. 1845.</p> + + <p>LAWRIE'S HOMŒOPATHIC DOMESTIC MEDICINE. Last Edition.</p> + + <p><i>Odd Volumes.</i></p> + + <p>KNIGHT'S LONDON, Nos. 27. 53. 57. 98. 105. 146.</p> + + <p>POPE'S WORKS. Warburton, 8vo. 1760. Vol. II.</p> + + <p>CARTER'S ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND. 1793. Part I.</p> + + <p>PARKINSON'S SERMONS on Points of Doctrine and Rules of Duty. 1832. + Vol. I.</p> + + <p>ALISON'S EUROPE. First 8vo. edition. Vol. IX.</p> + + <p>NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. II. III. V.</p> + + <p>NICHOLSON'S ARCHITECTURAL DICTIONARY. Parts XV. to the end.</p> + + <p>URE'S DICTIONARY of Arts and Manufactures. Part VI.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. + Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS</h3>. + + <p><i>We this week present our Subscribers with eight pages extra to meet + our increasing Correspondence. But though our present Number is thus + enlarged, we are compelled again to postpone many valuable + communications, which are already in type.</i></p> + + <p>J.D.N.N. (<i>Renfrewshire</i>) <i>is thanked for his kind note. He + will see by the present Number, that there is no occasion for the + alternative he suggests.</i></p> + + <p>TWYFORD, <i>whose Query respecting the</i> OGDEN FAMILY <i>appears at + page 73, is requested to say how a note may reach him.</i></p> + + <p><i>Communications should be addressed to the Editor of</i> NOTES AND + QUERIES, <i>care of</i> MR. BELL, No. 186. <i>Fleet Street.</i></p> + + <p><i>Part XIII. for November, price 1s. 3d., is now ready for + delivery.</i></p> + + <p>NOTES AND QUERIES <i>may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and + Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country + Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it + regularly. Many of the country booksellers, &c., are, probably, not + yet aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive</i> + NOTES AND QUERIES <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—P. 365, l. 36, for "ee<i>n</i> or de<i>n</i>" + read "e<i>r</i> or de<i>r</i>"; p. 405, l. 16, for "Gar<i>n</i>elies" + read "Gar<i>u</i>elies", p. 414, l. 13, for J.V.R.W. read J.K.R.W.; p. + 430, l. 9, for "441" read "414"; p. 420, l. 52, for <span lang="el" + title="exeleleiptô" + >εξελελειπτω</span> + read <span lang="el" title="exeleleipto" + >εξελελειπτο</span>; + p. 422, l. 5, for <i>Amæn. Lit.</i> iii. read <i>Amæn. Lit.</i> + ii.—l. 42, dele; after "manifest"; and in col. 2, l. 26, for + "milcinqcens et <i>o</i>nze" read "mil cinqcens et <i>u</i>nze."</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p><!-- Page 454 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page454" id="page454"></a>{454}</span></p> + +<h3>NEW WORKS.</h3> + +<p class="center">I.</p> + + <p>The late LORD HOLLAND'S FOREIGN REMINISCENCES. Edited by his Son, + HENRY EDWARD LORD HOLLAND. Post 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> [On Friday + next.</p> + +<p class="center">II.</p> + + <p>Mr. MACAULAY'S HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Accession of James II. + Seventh Edition. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 32<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">III.</p> + + <p>SOUTHEY'S LIFE and CORRESPONDENCE. Edited by his Son, the Rev. C.C. + SOUTHEY, M.A.; with Portraits and Illustrations. 6 vols. post 8vo. + 63<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">IV.</p> + + <p>Mr. MACAULAY'S CRITICAL and HISTORICAL ESSAYS. New Edition, complete + in One Volume; with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. 21<i>s.</i> + calf, 30<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">V.</p> + + <p>ESSAYS IN ECCLESIASTICAL BIOGRAPHY. By the Right Hon. Sir JAMES + STEPHEN, K.C.B. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 24<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">VI.</p> + + <p>Mr. HENRY ROGERS'S ESSAYS selected from Contributions to the Edinburgh + Review. 2 vols. 8vo, 24<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">VII.</p> + + <p>Mr. S. LAING'S OBSERVATIONS on the SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of the + EUROPEAN PEOPLE in 1848 and 1849. 8vo. 14<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">VIII.</p> + + <p>Mr. W.C. TOWNSEND'S COLLECTION of MODERN STATE TRIALS. Revised, and + illustrated with Essays and Notes. 2 vols. 8vo. 30<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">IX.</p> + + <p>Sir JOHN HERSCHEL'S OUTLINES of ASTRONOMY. New Edition; with Plates + and Woodcuts. 8vo. 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">X.</p> + + <p>The Rev. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY of the ROMANS under the EMPIRE. Vols. + I. and II. 8vo. 28<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">XI.</p> + + <p>LOYOLA: and JESUITISM in its RUDIMENTS. By ISAAC TAYLOR. With + medallion Portrait. Post 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="center">XII.</p> + + <p>The GEOLOGY and FOSSILS of the TERTIARY and CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS of + SUSSEX. By the late F. DIXON, Esq., F.G.S.; with Woodcuts and Forty-Four + Plates. Royal 4to. 63<i>s.</i>; India Proofs, 5<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i> + [Early in December.</p> + +<p class="center">XIII.</p> + + <p>Mrs. JAMESON'S SACRED and LEGENDARY ART. New Edition; with 16 Etchings + by the Author and many Woodcuts. Square crown 8vo. 28<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">XIV.</p> + + <p>ALARIC A. WATTS'S POETRY and PAINTING, LYRICS of the HEART; and OTHER + POEMS. With 41 Steel Plates. Square crown 8vo. 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d</i>; + morocco, by Hayday, 45<i>s.</i>; Proof impressions, 63<i>s.</i> [On + Friday next.</p> + +<p class="center">XV.</p> + + <p>JAMES MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS. New Edition, complete in One + Volume; with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>; morocco, 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">XVI.</p> + + <p>SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. By "The SPECTATOR" With Notes, &c., by W.H. + WILLS; and Twelve fine Woodcuts from designs by FREDERICK TAYLER. Crown + 8vo. 15<i>s.</i>; morocco, by Hayday, 27<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">XVII.</p> + + <p>VILLA VEROCCHIO; or, the YOUTH of LEONARDO DA VINCI: a Tale. By the + late DIANA LOUISA MACDONALD. Fcap. 8vo. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">XVIII.</p> + + <p>The HUNTING FIELD. By HARRY HIEOVER. With Two Plates, "The Right + Sort," and "The Wrong Sort." Fcap. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">XIX.</p> + + <p>Gleig's School Series.</p> + + <p>FIRST BOOK OF HISTORY—ENGLAND. Complete in Two Parts. Forming + the first Work Of a New School Series, edited by the Rev. G.R. GLEIG, + M.A. 18mo. in Two Parts, price 1<i>s.</i> each.</p> + + <p>"These little books are not only good in themselves, but promise a + whole crop of goodness in educational literature.... The present + <i>History of England</i> is a sample and a very good one,—clear, + comprehensive, and conveying knowledge."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + + <p>*** The Prospectus may be had on application to Messrs. Longman and + Co., and of all Booksellers.</p> + + <p>London</p> + + <p>Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><!-- Page 455 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page455" id="page455"></a>{455}</span></p> + + <p>Committee for the Repair of the <b>TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER.</b></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A.</p> + <p>J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A.</p> + <p>PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + <p>WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + <p>THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + <p>SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.II.</p> + <p>JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + <p>HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + <p>SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + <p>WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering + into irretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds will effect a + perfect repair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit + to the subscription; they themselves, have opened the list with a + contribution from each of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready + to receive any amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and + honour Chaucer may be kind enough to remit to them.</p> + + <p>Subscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, + Ellesmere, and Shaftesbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon, Pres. Soc. + Antiq., The Lords Braybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen + and gentlemen.</p> + + <p>Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at + the Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at + the Charing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, + 46. Parliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. + Holy-Well Street, Millbank.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Published this day,</p> + + <p><b>KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE, NATIONAL EDITION.</b></p> + + <p>Published in Fortnightly Parts, price 1s. each. And Monthly Sections, + price 2s. 6d. each.</p> + + <p>Part IV., containing "King John," and Section II., containing "Love's + Labour's Lost," and "King John," with a portion of the "Biography" and + the "Studies."</p> + + <p>LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET,</p> + + <p>And sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country; on application to + whom may be obtained Descriptive Catalogue of the Publications issued by + CHARLES KNIGHT.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Periodicals for December.</p> + + <p>PENNY MAPS.—Part 5. Containing Four Maps in a Wrapper. Price + 4½<i>d.</i> plain, or 8½<i>d.</i> coloured.</p> + + <p>THE DALTONS; or, THREE ROADS IN LIFE. By CHARLES LEVER. No. 8. Price + 1<i>s.</i> Illustrated by PHIZ.</p> + + <p>THE BARONIAL HALLS. No. IX. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Re-issue in + super-royal 4to.</p> + + <p>THE JOURNAL of DESIGN and MANUFACTURES. No. 22. Price 1<i>s.</i> With + numerous Fabric Patterns and Illustrations.</p> + + <p>WORKS OF SIR E. BULWER LYTTON, Bart. Cheap Edition. Part 41. Price + 7<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>BECK'S FLORIST AND GARDEN MISCELLANY. No. 24. Price 1<i>s.</i> With a + coloured Illustration and Woodcuts.</p> + + <p>NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE. NO. 360. Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Edited by + W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq.</p> + + <p>AINSWORTH'S MAGAZINE. NO. 107. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 186. Strand.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>EPISTOLÆ OBSCURORUM VIRORUM alia que Aevi XVI monimenta rarissima. + Edited by E. Münch (the best edition, published at l0<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>). offered at 5<i>s.</i>, or 6<i>s.</i> free by post.</p> + + <p>GRAFF'S ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ, Wörterbuch der Althochdeutscher + Sprache mit Index von Massmann, 7 vols, 4to. (published at 7<i>l.</i>) + offered at 3<i>l.</i> 3<i>s.</i> carriage free.</p> + + <p>A small number of copies of the above valuable works are offered at + the above prices by WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent + Garden.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Just completed and ready for delivery.</p> + + <p>GOTHIC ORNAMENTS. By J.K. COLLING, Architect, in 2 vol<i>s.</i> royal + 4to., price 7<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> in appropriate <i>[book details not + legible]</i> Gothic Cathedrals and Churches of the Middle Ages. The work + may be also had in numbers, price 3<i>s.</i>, or in parts, together or + separately. Parts 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, at 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> each; + part 4, at 10<i>s.</i> and part 8, at 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>"'The Gothic Ornaments' constitutes a gorgeous work, illustrated by + gold and colour, giving correct ideas of the magnificence of the original + examples of which the unilluminated works afford but a scanty + conception."—<i>Civil Engineer and Architects' Journal</i>, Aug. + 1849.</p> + + <p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Just Published, price 1<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i> Vols. I and II. + illustrated with many Engravings on Wood and Copper.</p> + + <p>THE CHURCH OF OUR FATHERS; or, St. Osmond's Rite for the Church of + Salisbury. From a Manuscript in the Library of that Cathedral. Printed + for the first time, and elucidated with Dissertations on the belief and + Ritual of the Church in England, before and after the coming of the + Normans. By DANIEL ROCK, D.D., and Canon of the English Chapter. Vol. + III. at Press.</p> + + <p>Also, price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, in Octavo.</p> + + <p>DID THE EARLY CHURCH IN IRELAND ACKNOWLEDGE THE POPE'S SUPREMACY? + Answered in a Letter to Lord John Manners, from DANIEL ROCK, D.D.</p> + + <p>London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond Street.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Just Published, price Half-a-Crown,</p> + + <p>JUNIUS AND HIS WORKS COMPARED with the Character and Writings of + Phillip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield. by WILLIAM CHAMP, Author + of "The Philosophy of Language."</p> + + <p>London: HOPE & CO., Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>TO GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO PUBLISH.</p> + + <p>HOPE AND CO., Publishers., 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, + undertake the PRINTING and PUBLISHING of BOOKS and PAMPHLETS greatly + under the usual charges. The works are got up in the best style, and + tastefully and economically bound. Every attention is also paid to the + publishing department. A specimen pamphlet of bookwork, with prices, a + complete Author's Guide, sent post free for 4<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>Gentlemen will save nearly one half by employing Hope and Co.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publié á Londres.—Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, + fondé en 1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numéro les + nouvelles de la semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de + Paris, la Semaine Dramatique par Th. Gautier on J. Janin, la Révue de + Paris par Pierre Durand, et reproduit en entier les romans, nouvelles, + etc., en vogue par les premiers écrivains de France. Prix 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Nearly ready, price, neatly bound in Cloth 3<i>s.</i>; With gilt edges + in Roan Tuck, as Pocket-Book 5<i>s.</i>; with gilt edges, in Morocco + Tuck, as Pocket-Book 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY and ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, for the Year + of our Lord 1851, containing an Almanack and Diary, with a variety of + Information useful to the Clergy, compiled from the best Sources.</p> + + <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><!-- Page 456 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page456" id="page456"></a>{456}</span></p> + + <p>PUBLICATIONS OF W. PICKERING, 177. PICCADILLY,</p> + + <p>DR. RICHARDSON'S DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, combining + Explanation with Etymology, and Illustrated by Quotations from the best + Authorities. The Words with those of the same Family in German, Dutch, + and Swedish, or in Italian, French, and Spanish, are traced to their + Origin. The Explanations are deduced from the Primitive Meaning through + their various usages. The Quotations are arranged Chronologically from + the earliest Period to the beginning of the present Century. 2 vols. + 4to., reduced to 4<i>l.</i></p> + + <p>Abridged in One thick volume octavo, Third Edition, reduced to + 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A NEW DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, to which is affixed a + Grammatical and Etymological Examination, adapted to the Dictionary.</p> + + <p>EARLY ENGLISH POETRY. Edited by THOMAS WRIGHT. Printed in the Black + Letter. 4 vols 16mo. half-bound morocco, 1<i>l.</i></p> + + <p>Containing—I. The Turnament of Tottenham. The Feest, a Sequel to + the same Poem.—II. The Nutbrowne Maid.—The Tale of the Basin, + and that of the Frere and the Boy, two early Ballads of Magic.—IV. + Songs and Carols from a MS. in the British Museum.</p> + + <p>CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES, with an Essay on his Language and + Versification, an Introductory Discourse, and Glossary, by THOMAS + TYRWHITT. 5 vols. crown 8vo. with a Portrait, and an Engraving of the + celebrated Pilgrimage, by STOTHARD, 2<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>CHAUCER'S ROMAUNT of the ROSE, TROILUS and CRESEIDE, &c., with + Life by SIR HARRIS NICOLAS, 3 vols. crown 8vo. 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>*** A Supplement to Tyrwhitt's Edition of Chaucer, which completes the + Poetical Works.</p> + + <p>EARLY ENGLISH DRAMATISTS, Edited by the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE, uniformly + printed in crown 8vo. viz.:—</p> + + <p>GREENE, 2 vols. 2l<i>s.</i> PEELE. 3 vols. 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> KIT MARLOWE, 3 vols. 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> The + third vol. of PEELE may be had separately, price 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>HESPERIDES, or the Works both Humane and Divine of ROBERT HERRICK, + Esq., 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. with Portrait, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>PIERS PLOUGHMAN'S VISION AND CREDE, newly imprinted from a MS. in + Trinity College, Cambridge, edited with Notes and a Glossary, by THOMAS + WRIGHT, Esq., 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE POEMS OF BEOWULF, AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, with a copious Glossary, + by JOHN M. KEMBLE, Esq. Fcp. 8vo. 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>BEOWULF, an Epic Poem, translated from the Anglo-Saxon into English + Verse, by A. DIEDRICH WACKER-BARTH, A.B. Fcp. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE POETICAL ROMANCES of TRISTAN, in French, in Anglo-Norman, and in + Greek. Composed in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Edited by + FRANCISQUE MICHEL. 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 1<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>CHARLEMAGNE'S TRAVELS TO CONSTANTINOPLE and JERUSALEM: a Norman-French + Poem of the Twelfth Century, now first printed from the original MS. in + the British Museum. Edited by F. MICHEL. Fcp. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>CONQUEST OF IRELAND an Early Anglo-Norman Metrical History of the + Conquest of Ireland, from a MS. at Lambeth. Edited by FRANCISQUE MICHEL. + Fcp. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>MASTER WACE HIS CHRONICLE of the NORMAN CONQUEST, from the ROMAN DE + ROU, by EDGAR TAYLOR, F.A.S., with wood cuts, 8vo. 1<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i> + The PLATES SEPARATELY, coloured after the originals, 8vo. 1<i>l.</i> + 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>ANCIENT FRAGMENTS of the Phœnician, Chaldean, Egyptian, and other + Writers, Greek and English, with an Introductory Dissertation, by ISAAC + PRESTON CORY. 8vo., Second Edition, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR PHILIP SIDNEY and HUBERT LANGUET, now first + collected and translated from the Latin. With Notes and an introduction, + by the Rev. S. A. PEARS, M.A., Fellow of C.C.C. Oxford. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>A MANUAL OF BRITISH HISTORIANS, comprising An Account of the Monkish + Writers, Early Chroniclers, and the Collections in which they are + printed, with the Period of each History, and when the Writer flourished. + By WM. D. MACRAY, of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 8vo. 9<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>CRITICK OF PURE REASON, translated from the Original of IMMANUEL KANT, + with Notes and Explanation of Terms, by FRANCIS HAYWOOD. Second Edition, + 8vo. 18<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>AN ANALYSIS OF KANT'S CRITICK OF PURE REASON. By the Translator of + that Work. 8vo. 6<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A GUIDE to the STUDY OF HERALDRY, by J.A. MONTAGU, Esq., of Magdalen + College, Cambridge, in 4to., with numerous wood-cuts, 18<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A DISPLAY of HERALDRY by WILLIAM NEWTON. Numerous Woodcuts, 8vo. + 14<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 + New Street Square, in the Parish of St Bride in the city of London; and + published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. + Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet + Street aforesaid.—Saturday, November 30. 1850.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 57, November +30, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + +***** This file should be named 15405-h.htm or 15405-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/0/15405/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/15405-h/images/tak.png b/15405-h/images/tak.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9e9380 --- /dev/null +++ b/15405-h/images/tak.png diff --git a/15405-h/images/tank.png b/15405-h/images/tank.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..885e731 --- /dev/null +++ b/15405-h/images/tank.png diff --git a/15405.txt b/15405.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2bef44 --- /dev/null +++ b/15405.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3115 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 18, 2005 [EBook #15405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +{433} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 57.] +SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- + Portrait of Cardinal Beaton 433 + On the Pointing of a Passage in "All's Well that Ends + Well" by A. Roffe 434 + Folk-Lore:--The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet + --Power of prophesying before Death--Change in the + Appearance of the Dead--Strange Remedies--Mice + as a Medicine--Omens from Birds 434 + Mode of computing Interest 435 + On the Cultivation of Geometry in Lancashire 436 + Minor Notes.--Sermon's Pills--An Infant Prodigy-- + A Hint for Publishers--"He who runs may read"-- + The Rolliad--The Conquest 438 + + QUERIES:-- + Bibliographical Queries 440 + Minor Queries.--Dr. Timothy Thruscross--Echo + Song--Meaning of Thwaites--Deus Justificatus-- + Death by Burning--Irish Bull--Farquharson's + Observations on Aurorae--Defender of the Faith-- + Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Roman Churches-- + Dandridge the Painter--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve-- + John o'Groat's House--Dancing the Bride to + Bed--Duke and Earl of Albermarle 441 + + REPLIES:-- + Julin, the Drowned City 443 + Nicholas Ferrar and the so-called Arminian Nunnery of + Little Gidding 444 + Vineyards 446 + Treatise of Equivocation, by J. Sansom 446 + Riots in London 446 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Osnaburg Bishoprick-- + Death of Richard II.--Scottish Prisoners sold to + Plantations--Lachrymatories--Querela Cantabrigiensis-- + "Then" for "than."--Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception-- + Letters of Horning--Dr. Euseby Cleaver--Mrs. Partington--"Never + did Cardinal bring good to England"--Florentine Edition of the + Pandects--Master John Shorne--"Her Brow was + Fair"--Dodd's Church History--Blackwall Docks-- + Wives of Ecclesiastics--Stephens' Sermons--Saying + of Montaigne--Scala Coeli--Red Hand 447 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales Catalogues, &c. 453 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 453 + Notices to Correspondents 454 + Advertisements 454 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +PORTRAIT OF CARDINAL BEATON. + +A portrait of this eminent Man was engraved by Pennant, from a picture at +Holyrood House, in Part II. of his _Tour in Scotland_, p. 243. 4to. Lond. +1776. Lodge has an engraving from the same portrait in his collection of +_Illustrious Personages_. This is a strange circumstance; because, when +Pinkerton was about to include this portrait in his collection, Pennant +wrote to him, on 30th April, 1796, as follows: + + "Give me leave to say, that I suspect the authenticity of my Cardinal + Beaton. I fear it is Cardinal Falconer or Falconieri. I think there is + a genuine one somewhere in Scotland. It will be worth your while to + inquire if there be one, and engrave it, and add my suspicions, which + induce you do it."--Pinkerton's _Correspondence_, vol. i. p. 402. 8vo. + Lond. 1830. + +Pinkerton made inquiry, and on Dec. 1st, 1797, writes to the Earl of +Buchan: + + "Mr. Pennant informs me the Cardinal Beaton is false. It is, indeed, + too modern. A real Beaton is said to exist in Fife."--Pinkerton's + _Correspondence_, vol. ii. p. 17. + +Lord Buchan writes to him that Mr. Beaton, of Balfour, believes himself to +have a genuine portrait of the Cardinal, and offers it for engraving. The +authenticity of this portrait, however, appears not to have been +established, and it was not engraved. Another was found at Yester, and was +at first concluded to be a genuine original: but Lady Ancram soon +discovered that it possessed no marks of originality, but might be a good +copy: it was, however, certainly _not_ one of the six cardinals purchased +by the third Earl of Lothian. Finally, it was rejected altogether. A copy +of a portrait from the Vatican was also rejected as undoubtedly spurious. +It appears, therefore, that Pinkerton, in this case at least, exercised +caution in the selection of his subject for engraving, so far as concerned +authenticity. His criticism, that the Holyrood House portrait is "too +modern," will be agreed in by all who will take the trouble to compare the +portrait in Lodge with undoubted portraits of the time: the style is too +modern by a hundred years. But the portrait is of a man upwards of sixty +years old: Beaton was murdered in 1546, in the fiftieth year of his age. +The portrait is of a dark haired man without beard. + +I now come to a portrait of Beaton which there appears reason to think is +genuine, and I beg the favour of your correspondents to give me any +information in their power regarding it. This portrait is in the Roman +Catholic College at Blairs, near Aberdeen. It was in the Scotch College at +Rome down to the period of the French occupation of that city in 1798, and +formed part of the plunder {434} from that college. It was subsequently +discovered in a sale-room by the late Abbe Macpherson, rector of the same +college, who purchased it and sent it to Blairs, where it has been for, +now, a good many years. That it is a portrait of Beaton's time is certain; +but the artist is unknown, and the picture has sustained damage. It is +attributed, by a competent judge, who has himself painted two careful +copies of it, to Titian, not only from its general style and handling, but +from certain peculiarities of canvas, &c., on which latter circumstances, +however, he does not lay much stress, taking them only as adminicles in +proof. The portrait is a half-length, about 2 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft.: it is +that of a fresh-coloured, intellectual man, of forty-five or upwards; hazel +eyes; hair slightly reddish, or auburn, just becoming tinged with grey; a +thin small beard; costume similar to that of Holbein's Cardinal Wolsey, in +the hall of Christchurch, Oxford. It bears this inscription, painted at the +bottom of the portrait, and over the original finished painting, and +therefore of a subsequent date: + + "David Betonius, S.R.E., Card. Archiep. S. Andreae in Scotia, ab + Hostibus Fidei Barbare Trucidatus." + +Beaton was elected to the Cardinalate in Dec. 1538; did he visit Rome after +that? He was at all events in Paris. The Scotch College at Rome was a +natural habitat for a portrait of a Scottish churchman so famous as +Cardinal Beaton, and it would be strange indeed if they had not one of him +where they affected a collecion of portraits of British prelates. I propose +to have this portrait engraved, if its probable authenticity cannot be +shaken. Did Pinkerton engrave any portrait of Beaton? There is none in my +copies of his _Iconographia Scotica_, 1797, and his _Scottish Gallery_, +1799. These contain several duplicates; but it is rare to meet with copies +that can be warranted perfect. If the portrait be published, it will +probably be accompanied by a short memoir, correcting from authentic +documents some of the statements of his biographers: any information either +as to the portrait or his life will be thankfully acknowledged. One or two +letters from Lord Buchan, on the subject of Scottish Portraits, appeared in +the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxv., but not relating to this particular +one. + +SCOTUS. + + * * * * * + +ON THE POINTING OF A PASSAGE IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL." + + _Lafeu._ "They say miracles are past: and we have our philosophical + persons, to make modern and familiar, things, supernatural and + causeless."--Act ii. Scene 3. + +So the passage is pointed in Johnson and Steevens, that is, with a comma +after the word "things;" and the same pointing is used in the recent +editions of Mr. Knight, Barry Cornwall, and Mr. Collier. + +It occurred to me that this pointing gave a meaning quite out of harmony +with what directly follows, and also with the spirit in which Lafeu speaks. +Let the comma be placed after "familiar", and the whole passage be read +thus: + + _Lafeu._ "They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical + persons to make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless. + Hence is it, that we make trifles of terrors; ensconcing ourselves into + seeming knowledge, when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear." + +Lafeu apparently is speaking somewhat sarcastically of those who say +miracles are past, and who endeavour to _explain away_ the wonderful into +something common and well-known. Subsequently I found that Mr. Coleridge, +in his _Literary Remains_ (vol. ii. p. 121.), had adduced the +above-mentioned passage, placing the comma after "familiar." He does not, +however, make any observation on the other pointing; but remarking, that +Shakspeare often uses "modern" for "common," proceeds thus: + + "Shakspeare, inspired, as it might seem, with all knowledge, here uses + the word _causeless_ in its strict philosophical sense; cause being + truly predicable only of _phenomena_,--that is, things natural, and not + of _noumena_, or things supernatural." + +It is, perhaps, rather curious, that although Mr. Collier, in his note on +Lafeu's speech, has quoted the above from Mr. Coleridge, the improved +pointing should have escaped that gentleman's notice. + +Looking into Theobald's _Shakspeare_, I find that he also had placed the +comma as Mr. Coleridge has. Mr. Theobald adds this note: + + "This, as it has hitherto been printed, is directly opposite to our + poet's and his speaker's meaning. As I have stopped it, the sense + quadrates with the context: and surely it is one unalterable property + of philosophy to make seeming strange and preternatural phenomena + familiar and reducible to cause and reason." + +Does not Mr. Theobald, in his closing remark, turn what in Lafeu is really +an ironical outburst on _would-be_ philosophers, into something like a +serious common-place? + +A. ROFFE. + +Query, In a work entitled _Philosophy of Shakspeare_, by W.H. Roukin, +Lafeu's speech is quoted, and one word changed; "_and_ we have our +philosophical persons," &c., becomes "_yet_ we have," &c. Is there any +authority for such a change? + +A.R. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet._--On Sunday evening, the 20th +Oct., the moon had a {435} very fine ring round it, which apparently was +based near the horizon, and spread over a considerable area of the heavens. +This was noticed by myself and others as we returned home from church; and +upon my mentioning it to my man-servant, who is a countryman, he said he +had been noticing it, and that it reminded him of the old saying, "the +bigger the ring, the nearer the wet." On the next day, however, it was fine +and windy, and my faith began to be shaken as to the truth of the saying; +but the almost incessant rain of the four or five subsequent days fully +proved its correctness. + +J.A. + +_Power of prophesying before Death._--To the passages on this subject +lately supplied by your correspondents (Vol. ii., pp. 116. 196.) may be +added the following from Tertullian, _De Anima_, c. 53. (vol. ii. col. +741., ed. Migne, Paris, 1844): + + "Evenit saepe animam in ipso divortio potentius agitari, sollicitiore + obtutu, extraordinaria loquacitate, dum ex majori suggestu, jam in + libero constituta, per superfluum quod adhuc cunctatur in corpore + enuntiat quae videt, quae audit, quae incipit nosse." + +J.C.R. + +_Change in the Appearance of the Dead._--A woman near Maidstone, who had +had much experience as a sick-nurse, told me some years ago that she had +always noticed in corpses a change to a more placid expression on the third +day after death; and she supposed this to be connected with our Lord's +resurrection. I omitted to ask her whether the belief were wholly the +result of her own observation, or whether it had been taught her by others, +and were common among her neighbours. + +J.C.R. + +_Strange Remedies._--I find some curious prescriptions in an old book +entitled _The Pathway to Health,_ &c. (I will not trouble you with the full +title), "by Peter Levens, Master of Arts in Oxford, and Student in Physick +and Chirurgery."... "Printed for J.W., and are to bee sold by Charles Tym, +at the Three Bibles on London Bridge, MDCLXIV." The first is a charm + + _For all manner of falling evils._--Take the blood of his little finger + that is sick, and write these three verses following, and hang it about + his neck: + + '_Jasper fert Mirrham, Thus Melchior Balthazar Aurum,_ + _Haec quicum secum portat tria nomina regum,_ + _Soleitur a morbo, Domini pietate, caduca.'_ + +and it shall help the party so grieved." + +"_For a man or woman that is in a consumption._--Take a brasse pot, and +fill it with water, and set it on the fire, and put a great earthen pot +within that pot, and then put in these parcels following:--Take a cock and +pull him alive, then flea off his skin, then beat him in pieces; take dates +a pound, and slit out the stones, and lay a layer of them in the bottom of +the pot, and then lay a piece of the cock, and upon that some more of the +dates, and take succory, endive, and parsley roots, and so every layer one +upon another, and put in fine gold and some pearl, and cover the pot as +close as may bee with coarse dow, and so let it distill a good while, and +so reserve it for your use till such time as you have need thereof." + +I could select some exceedingly ludicrous prescriptions (for the book +contains 400 pages), but the most curious unfortunately happen to be the +most indelicate. Besides this, I am afraid the subject is scarcely worthy +of much space in such an important and useful work as "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + +Abridge, Essex. + +_Mice as a Medicine_ (Vol. i., p. 397.).--An old woman lately recommended +an occasional roast mouse as a certain cure for a little boy who wetted his +bed at night. Her own son, she said, had got over this weakness by eating +three roast mice. I am told that the Faculty employ this remedy, and that +it has been prescribed in the Oxford Infirmary. + +J.W.H. + +_Omens from Birds._--It is said that for a bird to fly into a room, and out +again, by an open window, surely indicates the decease of some inmate. Is +this belief local? + +J.W.H. + + * * * * * + +MODE OF COMPUTING INTEREST. + +The mode of computing interest among the ancient Greeks appears to have +been in many respects the same as that now prevailing in India, which has +probably undergone no change from a very remote period. Precisely the same +term, too, is used to denote the rate of interest, namely, [Greek: tokos] +in Greek and _taka_ or _tuka_ in the languages of Western India. [Greek: +Tokoe epidekatoi] in Greek, and _dus take_ in Hindostanee, respectively +denote _ten per cent_. At Athens, the rate of interest might be calculated +either by the month or by the year--each being expressed by different terms +(Boeckh. _Pub. Econ. of Athens_, i. 165.). Precisely the same system +prevails here. _Pono taka_, that is, three quarters of a _taka_, denotes 3/4 +per cent. _per month_. _Nau take_, that is, nine _take_, denotes nine per +cent. _per annum_. For the Greek mode of reckoning interest by the month, +see Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, p. 524. At Athens, +the year, in calculating interest, was reckoned at 360 days (Boeckh, i. +183.). Here also, in all native accounts-current, the year is reckoned at +360 days. + +The word [Greek: tokos], as applied to interest, was understood by the +Greeks themselves to be derived from [Greek: tikto], "to produce," _i.e._ +money begetting money; the offspring or produce of money lent out. Whether +its identity may not be established with the word in current use for +thousands of years in this country to express precisely the same meaning, +is a question I should like to see discussed {436} by some of your +correspondents. The word _taka_ signifies any thing _pressed_ or _stamped_, +anything on which an impression is made hence _a coin_; and is derived from +the Sanscrit root _tak_, to press, to stamp, to coin: whence, _tank_, a +small coin; and _tank-sala_, a mint; and (query) the English word _token_, +a piece of stamped metal given to communicants. Many of your readers will +remember that it used to be a common practice in England for copper coins, +representing a half-penny, penny, &c., stamped with the name of the issuer, +and denominated "tokens," to be issued in large quantities by shopkeepers +as a subsidiary currency, and received at their shop in payment of goods, +&c. May not _ticket_, defined by Johnson, "a _token_ of any right or debt +upon the delivery of which admission is granted, or a claim acknowledged," +and _tick_, score or trust, (to go on _tick_), proceed from the same root? + +J.S. + +Bombay. + + * * * * * + +ON THE CULTIVATION OF GEOMETRY IN LANCASHIRE. + +If our Queries on this subject be productive of no other result than that +of eliciting the able and judicious analysis subsequently given by MR. +WILKINSON (Vol. ii., p. 57.), they will have been of no ordinary utility. +The silent early progress of any strong, moral, social, or intellectual +phenomenon amongst a large mass of people, is always difficult to trace: +for it is not thought worthy of record at the time, and before it becomes +so distinctly marked as to attract attention, even tradition has for the +most part died away. It then becomes a work of great difficulty, from the +few scattered indications in print (the books themselves being often so +rare[1] that "money will not purchase them"), with perhaps here and there a +stray letter, or a metamorphosed tradition, to offer even a probable +account of the circumstances. It requires not only an intimate knowledge of +the subject-matter which forms the groundwork of the inquiry, both in its +antecedent and cotemporary states, and likewise in its most improved state +at the present time; it also requires an analytical mind of no ordinary +powers, to separate the necessary from the probable; and these again from +the irrelevant and merely collateral. + +MR. WILKINSON has shown himself to possess so many of the qualities +_essential_ to the historian of mathematical science, that we trust he will +continue his valuable researches in this direction still further. + +It cannot be doubted that MR. WILKINSON has traced with singular acumen the +manner in which the _spirit_ of geometrical research was diffused amongst +the operative classes, and the class immediately above them--the exciseman +and the country schoolmaster. Still it is not to be inferred, that even +these classes did not contain a considerable number of able geometers +anterior to the period embraced in his discussion. The Mathematical Society +of Spitalfields existed more than half a century before the Oldham Society +was formed. The sameness of pursuit, combined with the sameness of +employment, would rather lead us to infer that geometry was _transplanted_ +from Spitalfields to Manchester or Oldham. Simpson found his way from the +country to London; and some other Simpson as great as Thomas (though less +favourably looked upon by fortune in furnishing stimulus and opportunity) +might have migrated from London to Oldham. Or, again, some Lancashire +weaver might have adventured to London (a very common case with country +artisans after the expiration of apprenticeship); and, there having +acquired a taste for mathematics, as well as improvement in his mechanical +skill, have returned into the country, and diffused the knowledge and the +tastes he took home with him amongst his fellows. The very name betokens +Jeremiah Ainsworth to have been of a Lancashire family. + +But was Ainsworth really the earliest mathematician of his district? Or, +was he merely the first that made any figure in print as a correspondent of +the mathematical periodicals of that day? This question is worthy of MR. +WILKINSON's further inquiry; and probably some light may be thrown upon it +by a careful examination of the _original_ Ladies' and Gentleman's Diaries +of the period. In the reprints of these works, only the names, real or +assumed, of those whose contributions were actually printed, are +inserted--not the list of all correspondents. + +Now one would be led to suppose that the study of mathematics was +peculiarly suited to the daily mode of life and occupation of these men. +Their employment was monotonous; their life sedentary; and their minds were +left perfectly free from any _contemplative_ purpose they might choose. +Algebraic investigation required writing: but the weaver's hands being +engaged he could not write. A diagram, on the contrary, might lie before +him, and be carefully studied, whilst his hands and feet may be performing +their functions with an accuracy almost instinctive. Nay more: an +exceedingly complicated diagram which has grown up gradually as the result +of investigations successively {437} made, may be carried in the memory and +become the subject of successful peripatetic contemplation. On this point a +decided _experimental_ opinion is here expressed: but were further +instances asked for, they may be found in Stewart, Monge, and Chasles, all +of whom possessed this power in an eminent degree. Indeed, without it, all +attempts to study the geometry of space (even the very elements of +descriptive geometry, to say nothing of the more recondite investigations +of the science) would be entirely unproductive. It is, moreover, a power +capable of being acquired by men of average intellect without extreme +difficulty; and that even to the extent of "mentally seeing" the +constituent parts of figures which have never been exhibited to the eye +either by drawings or models. + +That such men, if once imbued with a love for geometry, and having once got +over the drudgery of elementary acquisition, should be favourably situated +for its cultivation, follows as a matter of course. The great difficulty +lay in finding sufficient stimulus for their ambition, good models for +their imitation, and adequate facilities for publishing the results at +which they had arrived. The admirable history of the contents of their +scanty libraries, given by MR. WILKINSON, leaves nothing more to be said on +that head; except, perhaps, that he attributes rather more to the +_influences_ of Emerson's writings than I am able to do.[2] As regards +their facilities for publication, these were few, the periods of +publication being rarely shorter than annual; and amongst so many +competitors, the space which could be allotted to each (even to "the best +men") was extremely limited. Yet, contracted as the means of publication +were, the spirit of emulation did something; from the belief that +_insertion was an admitted test of superiority_, it was as much an object +of ambition amongst these men to solve the "prize question" as it was by +philosophers of higher social standing to gain the "prize" conferred by the +_Academie des Sciences_, or any other continental society under the wing of +Royalty, at the same period. The prize (half a dozen or a dozen copies of +the work itself) was not less an object of triumph, than a Copley or a +Royal medal is in our own time amongst the philosophers of the Royal +Society. + +These men, from similarity of employment and inevitable contiguity of +position, were brought into intercourse almost of necessity, and the +formation of a little society (such as the "Oldham") the natural +result--the older and more experienced men taking the lead in it. At the +same time, there can be little doubt that the Spitalfields Society was the +pattern after which it was formed; and there can be as little doubt that +one or more of its founders had resided in London, and "wrought" in the +metropolitan workshops. Could the records of the "Mathematical Society of +London" (now in the archives of the Royal Astronomical Society) be +carefully examined, some light might be thrown upon this question. A list +of members attending every weekly meeting, as well as of visitors, was +always kept; and these lists (I have been informed) have been carefully +preserved. No doubt any one interested in the question would, upon +application to the secretary (Professor De Morgan), obtain ready access to +these documents. + +The preceding remarks will, in some degree, furnish the elements of an +answer to the inquiry, "_Why_ did geometrical speculation take so much +deeper root amongst the Lancashire weavers, than amongst any other classes +of artisans?" The subject was better adapted to the weaver's mechanical +life than any other that could be named; for even the other favourite +subjects, botany and entomology, required the suspension of their proper +employment at the loom. The formation of the Oldham Society was calculated +to keep alive the aspiration for distinction, as well as to introduce +novices into the arcanium of geometry. There was generous co-operation, and +there was keen competition,--the sure stimulants to eminent success. The +unadulterated love of any intellectual pursuit, apart from the love of fame +or the hope of emolument, is a rare quality in all stages of society. Few +men, however, seem to have realised Basil Montagu's idea of being governed +by "a love of _excellence_ rather than the pride of _excelling_," so +closely as the Lancashire geometers of that period--uncultivated as was the +age in which they lived, rude as was the society in which their lives were +passed, and selfish as the brutal treatment received in those days by +mechanics from their employers, was calculated to render them. They were +surrounded, enveloped, by the worst social and moral influences; yet, so +far as can now be gathered from isolated remarks in the periodicals of the +time, they may be held up as a pattern worthy of the imitation of the +philosophers of our own time in respect to the generosity and strict honour +which marked their intercourse with one another. + +Mathematicians seldom grow up solitarily in any locality. When _one_ +arises, the absence of all external and social incentives to the study can +only betoken an inherent propensity and constitutional fitness for it. Such +a man is too much in earnest to keep his knowledge to himself, or to wish +to stand alone. He makes disciples,--he aids, encourages, guides them. His +own researches are fully communicated; and this with a prodigality +proportioned to his own great resources. He feels no jealousy of +competition, and is always gratified by seeing others successful. Thus such +bodies of men are created in wonderfully short periods by the magnanimous +labours of one ardent {438} spirit. These are the men that found societies, +schools, sects; wherever one unselfish and earnest man settles down, there +we invariably find a cluster of students of his subject, that often lasts +for ages. Take, for instance, Leeds. There we see that John Ryley created, +at a later period, the Yorkshire school of geometers; comprising amongst +its members such men as Swale, Whitley, Ryley ("Sam"), Gawthorp, Settle, +and John Baines. This, too, was in a district in many respects very +analogous to Lancashire, but especially in the one to which the argument +more immediately relates:--it was a district of weavers, only substituting +wool for cotton, as cotton had in the other case been substituted for the +silk of Spitalfields. + +We see nothing like this in the agricultural districts; neither do we in +those districts where the ordinary manufacturing operations themselves +require the employment of the head as well as the hands and feet. With the +exception, indeed, of the schoolmaster, and the exciseman, and the +surveyor, there are comparatively few instances of persons whose employment +was not strictly sedentary having devoted their intellectual energies to +mathematics, independent of early cultivation. To them the subject was more +or less professional, and their devotion to it was to be expected--indeed +far more than has been realised. It is professional now to a larger and +more varied class of men, and of course there is a stronger body of +non-academic mathematicians now than at any former period. At the same time +it may be doubted whether there be even as many really able men devoted to +science purely and for its own sake in this country as there were a century +ago, when science wore a more humble guise. + +Combining what is here said with the masterly analysis which MR. WILKINSON +has given of the books which were accessible to these men, it appears that +we shall be able to form a correct view on the subject of the Lancashire +geometers. Of course documentary evidence would be desirable--it would +certainly be interesting too. + +To such of your readers as have not seen the mathematical periodicals of +that period, the materials for which were furnished by these men, it may be +sufficient to state that the "NOTES AND QUERIES" is conceived in the exact +spirit of those works. The chief difference, besides the usual +subject-matter, consists in the greater formality and "stiffness" of those +than of this; arising, however, of necessity out of the specific and rigid +character of mathematical research in itself, and the more limited range of +subjects that were open to discussion. + +The one great defect of the researches of those men was, that they were +conducted in a manner so desultory, and that the subjects themselves were +often so isolated, that there can seldom be made out more than a few +dislocated fragments of any one subject of inquiry whatever. Special +inquiries are prosecuted with great vigour and acumen; but we look in vain +for system, classification, or general principles. This, however, is not to +be charged to _them_ as a scientific vice, peculiarly:--for, in truth, it +must be confessed to be a vice, not only too common, but almost universal +amongst English geometers; and even in the geometry of the Greeks +themselves, the great object appears to have been "problem-solving" rather +than the deduction and arrangement of scientific truths. The modern French +geometers have, however, broken this spell; and it is not too much too hope +that we shall not be long ere we join them in the development of the +systems they have already opened; and, moreover, add to the list some +independent topics of our own. The chief dangers to which we are in this +case exposed are, classification with incomplete data, and drawing +inferences upon trust. It cannot be denied, at all events, that some of our +French cotemporaries have fallen into both these errors; but the abuse of a +principle is no argument for our not using it, though its existence (or +even possible existence) should be a strong incentive to caution. + +These remarks have taken a more general form than it is usual to give in +your pages. As, however, it is probable that many of your readers may feel +an interest in a general statement of a very curious intellectual +phenomenon, I am not without a hope that, though so far removed from the +usual topics discussed in the work, they will not be altogether +unacceptable or useless. + +PEN-AND-INK. + +[Footnote 1: Although at one period of our life we took great pains to make +a collection of the _periodicals_ which, during the last century, were +devoted wholly or partially to mathematics, yet we could never even +approximate towards completeness. It was not, certainly, from niggardly +expenditure. Indeed, it is doubtful whether a complete set exists, or could +even be formed now.] + +[Footnote 2: See _Philosophical Magazine_, Sept. 1850.] + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Sermon's Pills._--In Guizot's _Life of Monk, Duke of Albermarle_, +translated and edited by the present Lord Wharncliffe, it is stated (p. +313.) that when the Duke was suffering from the diseases which afterwards +proved fatal to him, + + "One of his neighbours, at New Hall, formerly an officer in his army, + mentioned to him certain pills said to be sovereign against the dropsy, + which were sold at Bristol by one Sermon, who had also served under his + orders in Scotland as a private soldier. This advice and remedy from + ancient comrades, inspired the old general with more confidence than + the skill of the physicians. He sent for Sermon's pills, and found + himself so much recovered by them for a time, that he returned to + London at the close of the summer." + +Having "found," in the newspapers of the day, the following paragraphs +illustrative of this passage in the great General's history, I think them +sufficiently interesting "to make a Note of." + + "London, July 13. 1669.--His Grace the Lord General, after a long and + dangerous distemper, is (God {439} be praised) perfectly recovered and + restored to his former health, to the Great rejoycing of their + Majesties and the whole court, by the assistance of one William Sermon, + of Bristol, whose pills have had that excellent success as to restore + him perfectly to his sleep and appetite, and wholly abate all the + symptoms of his disease. Yesterday his Grace, as being perfectly cured, + dismissed his physicians from their farther attendance." + + "London, July 17. 1669.--The 13th instant, Mr. William Sermon, the + practitioner in physick, who so happily performed that excellent cure + upon his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, was presented to His Majesty in + St. James's Park, where he had the honor to kiss His Majesty's hand, + and to receive his thanks for that good service." + + September 9. 1669.--"Advertisement: These are to give notice that + William Sermon, Dr. of Physick, a person so eminently famous for his + cure of his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, is removed from Bristol to + London, and may be spoken with every day, especially in the forenoon, + at his house in West Harding Street, in Goldsmith's Rents, near Three + Legged Alley, between Fetter Lane and Shooe Lane." + +Can any of your correspondents give an account of the subsequent career of +Dr. Sermon? + +[Greek: D] + +_An Infant Prodigy_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--There are parallel cases in the +hagioloists (_Hist. de l'Eglise Gallicane_, par Longueval, tom. iii. p. +430. 1782): + +"S. Amand apres cette mission etant repasse dans la Gaule, eut bientot +occasion de montrer l'intrepidite de son zele ... L'amour des femmes, +ecueil fatal des jeunes princes, fit en peu de temps oublier a Dagobert les +lecons qu'il avoit recues de S. Arnoux et de S. Cunibert. Il se livra a +cette passion avec tant de scandale, qu'il eut jusqu'a trois femmes a la +fois qui portoient le nom de reines, sans parler d'un grand nombre de +concubines ... + +"Amand, apres un assez long exil, 'refusa d'abord l'honneur de baptiser' +l'enfant de son maitre: 'mais les instances que le roi lui fit faire par +Ouen et Eloi firent ceder sa modestie a l'obeissance. L'enfant fut aussitot +apporte le saint eveque l'ayant pris entre ses bras, lui donna sa +benediction, et recita les prieres pour le faire catechumene. L'oraison +etant finie, comme personne ne repondoit, Dieu delia la langue du jeune +prince, qui n'avoit pas plus de quarante jours, et il repondit +distinctement _amen_.'" + +This happened in 630 at Orleans, and the holy abbot who attests the miracle +was present when it occurred. Had St. Amand learnt ventriloquism during his +missionary excursions? + +And now permit me to tell your correspondent CH. that Abp. Bramhall's Dutch +is quite correct. "Mevrouw" is still the title of empresses, queens +duchesses, Countesses, noble ladies, ministers of state's and other great +men's wives. + +G.M. + +Guernsey. + +_A Hint for Publishers._--Many, like myself, have no doubt experienced the +inconvenience of possessing early impressions of books, of which later +editions exist with numerous emendations and errata. + +Would it not be practicable for publishers to issue these emendations and +errata in a separate form and at a fair price, for the benefit of the +purchasers of the preceding editions? + +Were this plan generally adopted, the value of most books would be +materially enhanced, and people would not object, as they now do, to order +new publications. + +HERBERT. + +"_He who runs may read._"--There appeared in Vol. ii., p. 374., a new, and, +in my opinion, an erroneous, interpretation of part of ver. 2., chap. ii. +Habakkuk. It appears to me probable that a person reading the vision might +be struck with awe, and so "alarmed by it" as not to be able "to fly from +the impending calamity" in the way which your correspondent imagines. I +prefer Archbishop Newcome's explanation:--"Let the characters be so legible +that one who hastily passeth on may read them. This may have been a +proverbial expression." + +If you be pleased to insert this, readers may judge for themselves which is +the right interpretation. + +PLAIN SENSE. + +_The Rolliad._--The following memoranda relative to this word were given to +me by one who lived during the period of its publication, and was, it is +believed, himself a contributor. Wraxall, in his _Memoirs_, states that the +work was nearly all written by Richardson; this is not true. The principal +writers were Gen. Fitzpatrick, Lord John Townshend, Dr. Lawrence--he had +the chief control. They met in a room at Becket's, the bookseller; they had +a secretary and copyist. + +None of the contributions went to the newspaper in the original +handwriting. The _Morning Herald_ was the paper it is believed, in which +they first appeared, although that journal was on the eve of going over to +the opposite party. The "ode" to Wraxall, was written by Tickell, author of +"Anticipation.". + +W.A. + +November, 23. 1850. + +_The Rolliad._-- + +From _The Times_, about 1784. + + ROLLIAD. + + _Political Eclogues._ + + ROSE. + + Line 21. ed. 1795. + + "Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose, + How can you suppose + I'll be led by the nose, + In voting for those + You mean to propose, + Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose?" + +The above epigram is inserted in my copy of the Rolliad. + +Can any of your readers give the names of the {440} authors of the numerous +pieces in the second part of "Political Miscellanies." + +F.B.R. + +_The Conquest._--Permit me to point out the erroneous historical idea which +obtains in the use of this phrase. Acquisition out of the common course of +inheritance is by our legists called _perquisitio_, by the feudists +_conquisitio_, and the first purchaser (he who brought the estate into the +current family) the _conquereur_. The charters and chronicles of the age +thus rightly style William the Norman _conquisitor_, and his accession +_conquaestus_; but now, from disuse of the foedal sense, with the notion of +the forcible method of acquisition, we annex the idea of victory to +conquisition,--a title to which William never pretended. + +W.L. + +Twickenham. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. + +(_Continued from page 421._) + +(18.) What could have induced the accurate and learned Saxius (_Catal. Lib. +Mediol., edit._ p. DXC.) to give the name _Elucidarium_ to the first part +of the _Mariale_ of Bernardinus de Bustis? This writer, who has sometimes +erroneously been reputed a Dominican, and who is commemorated in the +Franciscan Martyrology on the 8th of May (p. 178.), derived his +denomination from his family, and not "from a place in the country of +Milan," as Mr. Tyler has supposed. (_Worship of the Virgin_, p. 41. Lond. +1846.) Elsewhere Saxius had said (_Hist. Typog.-Liter. Mediol._, col. +ccclii.) that the _Mariale_ was printed for the first time in 1493, and +dedicated to Pope Alexander VI.; and Argelati was led by him to consider +the _Elucidarium_ to be a distinct performance; and he speaks of the +_Mariale_ as having been published in 1494. (_Biblioth. Scriptor. Med._, +tom. i. p. ii. 245.) Unquestionably the real title assigned by the author +to the first part of his _Sermonarium_ or _Mariale_ was "PERPETUUM +SILENTIUM," and it was inscribed to Alexander's predecessor, Pope Innocent +VIII.; and, in conjunction with De Bustis's Office of the Immaculate +Conception of the Virgin Mary (sanctioned by a Brief of Pope Sixtus IV., +who in 1476 had issued the earliest pontifical decree in favour of an +innovation now predominant in the Church of Rome), was primarily printed +"Mli," that is, _Mediolani_, "per Uldericum scinzenzeler, Anno dni +M.cccc.lxxxxij" (1492). Wharton, Olearius, Clement, and Maittaire knew +nothing of this edition; and it must take precedence of that of Strasburg +named by Panzer (i. 47.). + +(19.) Can any particulars be easily ascertained relative to reprints of the +acts of the canonisation of the Seraphic Doctor in their original small +quarto shape? + +(20.) To whom should we attribute the rare tract entitled _Lauacrum +conscientie omnium sacerdotum_, which consists of fifty-eight leaves, and +was printed in Gothic letter at Cologne, "Anno post Jubileum quarto?" + +(21.) Where can information be met with as to the authorship of the +_Dialogus super Libertate Ecclesiastica_, between Hugo, Cato, and Oliver? +Fischer (_Essai sur Gutenberg_, 79.) traces back the first edition to the +year 1463; but I know the treatise only in the form in which it was +republished at Oppenheim in 1516. + +(22.) Who was the compiler or curator of the _Viola Sanctorum_? and can the +slightest attempt be made at verifying the signatures and numbers inserted +in the margin, and apparently relating to the MSS. from which the work was +taken? One of two copies before me was printed at Nuremberg in 1486, but +the other I believe to belong to the earliest impression. It is of small +folio size, in very Gothic type, perhaps of the year 1472, without date, +place, or name of printer, and is destitute of cyphers, catchwords, and +signatures. There are ninety-two leaves in the volume, and in each page +generally thirty-three (sometimes thirty-four, rarely thirty-five) lines. +(See Brunet, iii. 547.; Kloss, 280.; Panzer, i. 193.) + +(23.) By what means can intelligence be procured respecting "Doctor +Ulricus," the author of _Fraternitas Cleri_? A satisfactory reply to this +inquiry might probably be found in the _Bibl. Spenceriana_; but I have not +now an opportunity of determining this point. + +(24.) A question has been raised by Dr Maitland, from whose admirable +criticism nothing connected with literature is likely to escape, as to the +meaning of the letters "P.V." placed over a sudarium held by St. Peter and +St. Paul. (_Early printed Books in the Lambeth Library_, pp. 115. 368.) Any +person who has happened to obtain the _Vitas Patrum_, decorated with the +curious little woodcuts of which Dr. Maitland has carefully represented +two, will cheerfully agree with him in maintaining the excellence of the +acquisition. In a copy of this work bearing date 1520, eleven years later +than the Lambeth volume (_List_, p. 85.), the reverse of the leaf which +contains the colophon exhibits the same sudarium, in company with the words +"Salve sancta Facies." This circumstance inclines me to venture to ask +whether my much-valued friend will concur with me in the conjecture that +_Pictura Veronicae_ may be the interpretation of "P.V.?" Though the +pseudo-Archbishop of Westminster declared, in the simplicity of his heart +(_Letters to John Poynder, Esq._, p. 6.), that he had "never met" with the +sequence "quae dicitur in Missa Votiva _de Vultu Sancto_," doubtless some of +his newly-arrested subjects are {441} well aware that it exists, and that +its commencement (see Bona, iii. 144.) is,-- + + "Salve sancta Facies nostri Redemptoris, + In qua nitet species divini splendoris, + Impressa panniculo nivei candoris, + Dataque Veronicae signum ob amoris." + +R.G. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Dr. Timothy Thruscross._--What is known of the Rev. Dr. Timothy +Thruscross, Thirscross, or Thurscross? I am in possession of the very +little related by Wood, _Ath. Oxon. et Fasti_, Walker's _Sufferings of the +Clergy_, _Life of Barwich_, and the interesting notices scattered in +several parts of Sir H. Slingsby's _Diary_; but this only renders me +anxious for more, and I should be glad to receive other references. + +W. DN. + +_Echo Song._--_Meaning of Thwaites._--Would you be kind enough to insert +the inclosed poem as I am very desirous of being made acquainted with the +name of the writer. I expect, from various reasons, that it was written +about the year 1645:-- + + AN ECHO. + + "What wantst thou, that thou art in this sad taking? + _A King._ + What made him first remove hence his residing? + _Siding._ + Did any here deny him satisfaction? + _Faction._ + Tell me wherein the strength of faction lies? + _On Lies._ + What didst though when the king left his parliament? + _Lament._ + What terms wouldst give to gain his company? + _Any._ + What wouldst thou do if here thou mightst behold him? + _Hold him._ + But wouldst thou save him with they best endeavour? + _Ever._ + But if he come not, what become of London? + _Undone._" + +I also wish to know (if any of your readers will enlighten me I shall be +obliged) what is the meaning of the name "Thwaites." It is a very common +name, there being Thwaites, Thornthwaites, Hawthornthwaites, +Haythornthwaites, in abundance through all part of England. + +LLYD RHYS MORGAN. + +_Deus Justificatus._--Can any of your readers give any information +respecting the authorship of the book entitled:-- + + "Deus Justificatus, or the Divine Goodness vindicated and cleared, + against the Assertors of Absolute and Inconditionate Reprobation. + Together with some Refections on a late Discourse of Mr. Parkers + concerning the Divine Dominion and Goodness. London, 1668." 8vo. pp. + xxxii. 280. iii.? + +My copy (which has the autograph of Richard Claridge, the quaker) has +written on the title in an old hand "By H. Hallywell." In the _Biographia +Britannica_ vol. iv., p. 546., 2d edit., it is said to be by Ralph +Cudworth. If so, it has escaped Birch and the other editors of this +celebrated writer. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + +_Death by Burning_ (Vol. ii., p. 6.).--In the Mendip mining district in +Somersetshire, I am credibly informed that within seventy years a person +has been burned alive for stealing ore from the pit mouth. There must be +some old inhabitant who can attest this fact, and it would be desirable to +obtain its confirmation. + +J.W.H. + +_Irish Bull._--What is the exact definition of an Irish bull? When was the +term first applied to the species of blunder which goes by that name? + +GRIFFIN. + +_Farquharson's Observations on Aurorae._--A translation of the _Course of +Meteorology_, by Professor Kaenitz, of Halle, by Mr. C.V. Walker, was +published at London in 1845, in one volume 12mo. The work was written in +German, and afterwards translated into French, and the English work is +derived from the French translation. In p. 459. the following passage +occurs: + + "It is chiefly to the _shepherd_ Farquharson, at Alford, in + Aberdeenshire, that we are indebted for a long series of observations + on aurorae; and he endeavoured to prove that their height is + inconsiderable." + +Lower down it is said: + + "At the same time, _another Protestant minister_, Mr. James Paull, at + Tullynessle, four kilometres from Alford, saw that the aurora possessed + an unusual clearness in the zenith, so that its height did not perhaps + exeed 1300 metres." + +I have neither the original German work nor the French translation at hand +to refer to; but I have a strong suspicion that the word translated +_shepherd_ is _pasteur_, and that it is used to designate Mr. Farquharson +as _minister_ of Alford. + +L. + +_Smith's Vitae Eruditissimorum et Illustrium Virorum._--In his _Life of Sir +Peter Young_ he quotes _Ex Ephemeride Cl. V.D. Petri Junii_, but does not +say where it was preserved. This (so-called) _Ephemeris_ was written by Sir +Peter in his later years, partly perhaps from memory, partly from notes, +and, as might be expected, is not free from errors of date which admit of +correction from other sources. Smith, following Camden, places Easter +Seatown, Young's chief residence, in Lothian, whereas it is in Forfarshire, +about a mile from Arbroath, and was part of the property of the great Abbey +to which that town belonged. Is it known whether this _Ephemeris_ is +extant? and, if so, where? + +SCOTUS. + +{442} + +_Defender of the Faith._--In Banks' _Dormant and Extinct Baronage_, pp. +408-9., vol. iv., I find the following:-- + + "He ( Henry VIII.) was the first English monarch who obtained the title + of Defender of the Faith, which was conferred upon him by Pope Leo X., + for a book written by him against Martin Luther." + +To which the following note is subjoined:-- + + "But in a letter from Christopher Wren, Esq., to Francis Peek, M.A. + (author of the _Desiderata Curiosa_), it is thus stated, viz., 'that + King Henry VII. had the title of Defender of the Faith, appears by the + Register of the Order of the Garter in the black book, (sic dictum a + tegmine), now in my hands, by office, which having been shown to King + Charles I., he received with much joy; nothing more pleasing him than + that the right of that title was fixed in the crown long before the + Pope's pretended donation, to all which I make protestation to all + posterity.' [Greek: Autographo], hoc meo. Ita testor. Chr. Wren, a + memoria, et secretis Honoratissimi Ordinis. Wrexham, 4 March, 1736-7." + +In support of this note, I find in Chamberlayne's _Present State of +England_, 1669, p. 88., this statement: + + "Defender of the Faith was anciently used by the Kings of England, as + appears by several charters granted to the University of Oxford, &c." + +As the word _anciently_, I conceive, applies to a period anterior to 1521, +may I express a hope that some of your learned subscribers at Oxford will +favour your readers with the dates of the charters alluded to; and, if +possible, some information as to the circumstances which led to the +adoption of the title "Defender of the Faith" by the kings of England +previous to the reign of Henry VIII. + +ROBERT ANSTRUTHER, Lieut.-Col. + +Bayswater. + +_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--Where can I find good +authority on the calendar of Sundays in the Greek Church, and in the Roman? +As to the latter, the missals and directories only give the current year: +as to the former, there is no work I know of which gives anything. + +M. + +_Dandridge the Painter._--At Osterley Park (Lord Jersey's) is the only +example of the pencil of Dandridge, bearing his signature and the date +1741. + +Through neglect and the effect of time this able work has been dried up, so +that we may say-- + + "The wine of life is drawn, and nothing + Left but the mere lees:" + +but there's savour of merit and signs of goodly craft for the dark age of +its birth. In the group of three children of life-size we have a rare work +of the period when few men of genius wielded the brush or daubed canvas, +even through the inspiring patronage of a wealthy banker, whose progeny +they are--and this is executed too before academies and societies offered +their fostering aid, and when Hogarth struggled on probably side by side +with Dandridge. Some of your readers may have traces of him and of his +works, and may be able to trace his memory to the grave. All that Walpole +has of him is (p. 439.): + + "Son of a house painter; had great business from his felicity in taking + a likeness. He sometimes painted small conversations, but died in the + vigour of his age." + +QUESTOR. + +Athenaeum, Nov. 20. 1850. + +_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve._--Is the _portrait_ of Chaucer which +Occleve _drew_ in his translation of _Egidius de Roma_ to be found in _all_ +the MSS. of that work? and, if so, has it ever been engraved. I have not +Urry's _Chaucer_ by me, or perhaps he could save you the trouble of +answering the question. + +On reference to Watts, I find he does not even mention this work of +Occleve, but contents himself with a piece of supercilious criticism; +whereas the notices which Occleve takes of passing events (of which the +character of Chaucer is one) are at least valuable (although his poetry may +not be the best in the world), and his work is also valuable in giving us +the phraseology of the fourteenth century. + +P. + +_John o'Groat's House._--Does any authenticated view of the building called +_John o'Groat's House_ in Caithness exist, and are any traditions +respecting it known beyond the certainly ridiculous account in the fifth +volume of _Beauties of Scotland_, p.83.? + +Can any of your readers point out an engraving of the old _Konigs_ or +_Kaiserstuhl, at Rheuse_, on the Rhine, as well as of its restoration in +1848, after being destroyed by the hordes of revolutionary France, in 1792? +It is not in Merian or Zeiler. I have seen it, but cannot call to mind the +author. Perhaps _Alsatia Illustrata_? + +WILLIAM BELL, Phil. Dr. + +_Dancing the Bride to Bed_--_Old Hewson the Cobler._--I have a tune called +"_A round dance to dance the bride to bed_." Can any of your readers favour +me with notices of such a custom prevailing? The tune dates about 1630 or +earlier, and resembles that of "The Hunt is up." + +Another, printed about 1730, is called, "_My name is Old Hewson the +Cobler_." Is this a cavelier's song in ridicule of the Roundhead Colonel +Hewson; and are the words to be found? + +WM. CHAPPELL. + + [We trust these Queries may be regarded as a sign that Mr. Chappell is + preparing a new edition of his valuable collection of _National English + Airs_.--ED.] + +_Duke and Earl of Albemarle._--Albemarle has given a title of duke to the +celebrated General Monk, and that of earl to the family of Keppel. Will +some of your correspondents tell me where {443} there is any place called +Albemarle, which gives rise to these dignities, or why this title was +assumed by these families? + +J. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES. + +JULIN, THE DROWNED CITY. + +(Vol. ii., p. 282.) + +It does not at all follow, that if a city perished by the encroachment of +the sea, it was a very striking event at the time: it might have happened +gradually, not suddenly. Instances both ways seem to have occurred on the +shores of the German Ocean (see Lyell's _Principles of Geology_, ch. 16.). +A great flood happened in 1154 (Helmold, p. 216. b. ii. c. 1. s. 5.), but +it is mentioned with respect to the oceanic rivers only, and not as to the +Baltic, or destruction of houses or buildings. + +But was Julin drowned at all? Helmold does not say that it was (his account +is in Book i. c. 2. s. 5.); and he does say that it was not, but destroyed +by a certain Danish king. It is most inconceivable that he should not have +known who the Danish king was, if it happened in his own time. The passage +savours of much later interpolation. + +Koch, _Rivol._ vol. i. p. 280., states positively that Julin was Wollin, +and was destroyed by Waldemar I. in 1175, for which he seems to rely upon +Helmold, or at least his continuator, Arnold. Helmold himself died in 1170. + +Saxo Grammaticus lived at that time, and was probably well acquainted with +the events, since he was intimate with Archbishop Absolon, who took part in +them in a military as well as ecclesiastical sense. In p. 333. he says: + + "Waldemar the 1st, goes with a fleet through the month of the river + Zwina, then to the river which adjoins Julin and Camin, and has its + mouth divided into two. There was a long bridge joining the walls of + Julin. The king having landed 'ex adverso urbis in ripa Australi, + pontem disjici jussit.' The king cleared the way for his fleet; got to + an island Chrisztoa; crossed the river and went to Camin. He went out + to sea by that mouth." + +This is given very much at length. + +All this is the geography of the present day, and the names, if you read +Wollin for Julin. The Oder expands into a wide lake, shut off from the sea +by a bar of land, through which there are three channels. The Zwein is the +middle one of the three; that which passes by Wollin and Kimmin is the +eastern one. + +In p. 347. he says: + + "Rex ... classem ... Zuinsibus ostiis inserit, Julinique vacuas + defensoribus aedes, incendio adortus, rehabitatae urbis novitatem, + iterata penatium strage, consumpsit.... Juilinenses, cum urbis uae + recenses ruinas, ferendae obsidioni, inhabiles cernerent, perinde ac + viribus orbati, deserta patria, praesidium Caminense petiverunt, aliena + amplexi moenia, qui propria tueri diffiderent." + +In p. 359. he says: The king "per Suinam invectus, Julinum oppidum, +incolarum fuga desertam, incendio tentat." + +Saxo mentions Julin, p. 182-24.: "Nobilissimum illius provinciae oppidum," +under Harold Blatand, King of Denmark, who reigned in the latter half of +the ninth century. He put a body of troops into it, who became dreadful +pirates. + +In p. 225. he says that the Danes compelled them to give up their pirates, +who were punished. In p. 381., in the reign of Canute, son of Waldemar, +there is an expedition against the Julinenses, the result of which is +expressed "Julinensium rebus absumptis." + +In p. 382., the king sets out for Julin, but seems to have attacked only +Camin. Waldemar died in 1182, Canute, 1202 (Koch.) + +Arnold (b. iii. c. 8. s. 4.) speaks of the Sclavi as finally subdued and +made tributary, about 1185. + +In the notes to Saxo (p. 197.) there is a long extract about Wollinum, from +Chytraeus, a writer who lived 1530-1600, taken from the information of a +learned old man whose uncle was born there. He says he went there to see, +accompanied by many of the principal inhabitants, the remains of Julin, +destroyed in 1170 by Waldemar. Wollin he calls "mediocris civitas." From +the ruins, it had been more than a German mile round. Part of it was +"ineditiore paulum colle." He speaks of four montes, which had castles. He +says Wollin is "non aspernenda civitas," but not a thirtieth part of the +ancient size. + +C.B. + +I regret that my questioner V., from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 379.), should +have felt aggrieved that, upon his request for my story, I should have been +compelled to reply, in the words of the Ancient Mariner: + + "Story! bless you, sir, I have none to tell." + +As he seems, however, so assured that some account of the destruction of a +city of such opulence and renown as Vineta _must_ exist, I shall be +extremely happy to learn it from him. I can assure my friend V. that +neither Kanzow nor Microelius (who has, however, a plan of the stone +pavement of its streets at the bottom of the Baltic), nor Giesebrecht, in +his _Wendische Geschichten_ (Berlin, 1844, 3 vols. 8 vo.), know anything +beyond what I have stated. And as to a great port disappearing in the +ocean, without any cotemporary notice, the instances are frequent; as +remarkable a one as any occurs in our own island, and at a much later +period:--Ravenspur, which was a sea-port of the greatest importance, where +certainly Henry IV., and, as some say, Henry VII., landed from the opposite +continent, to claim and conquer their crowns, and where the father of De la +Pole, {444} Duke of Suffolk, was a merchant, is now so totally lost from +memory and the earth, that its very site is unknown, whether within the +Humber, or outside the Spurn; possibly where now the reef called Stony +Binks at the mouth of that aestuary is situated. + +So far, however, as an actual legend is concerned with the destruction of a +great emporium of commerce, I am happy I can supply your correspondent with +one, possibly the more acceptable as it is of another famous city, not very +remote from Vineta, and is not without relations belonging to the latter: I +allude to the town of Wisby, Visbuy, Visbye, Visburgum, on the island of +Gothland, of which the following account is found in an old Latin +description of Sweden: + + "Insulae unica civitas, olim potentia splendore et magnitudine celebris, + tantarum rerum jactura fracta in exiguos fines se contraxit et oppiduli + speciem refert, ut Jansonii Atlas docet. Arx prope portum satis valida. + Emporiis illis Pomeraniae clarissimis Wineta et Julin pessum euntibus, + Visbya inter omnia Regionum oppida floruit. (Olaus Magnus, l. 10. cap. + 16.) Licet urbs vetustissima Visbycensis potentissima ac opulentissima + quondam fuerit _et pro minima occasione, nempe fractionis unius + fenestralis vitri vix valoris obolaris, humiliata sit_, tamen leges + maritimae et decisiones omnium controversiarum singulariter longe + lateque observantur. Ex distructa autem Vineta Gothlandos incolas + marmor, ferrum, cuprum, stannum, argentum, et inter alia duas aenei + portas grandis ponderis petiisse, et secum in Gothlandum avexisse + ferunt." + +I need not remind your readers that the maritime code of Wisby even now +influences many of the most important decisions affecting our present +mercantile shipping, it having been the model of the Laws of the +Acquitanian Islands of Re and Oleron, which Richard I. ordered to be +observed in England, and which are still frequently acted on. It is, +however, to the notice which I have marked in Italics that I would call the +attention of V.,--the destruction of the city _on account of a small pane +of glass not the value of an obolus_: and as he, no doubt, has interested +himself on these northern histories, request him to explain the +circumstance more in detail. I myself have often determined on searching +Pontanus, and other ancient Danish authorities, but hitherto neglected, and +therefore know nothing about the matter. + +As to the gates, which are more especially mentioned amongst the spoils of +the ruined Wineta, we find them also noticed in the same work, at its +account of Wineta: + + "Urbem frequentabant Graeci aut potius Russi multarumque aliarum + nationum mercatores, quorum affluxus frequens civibus ingentes divitias + et facultates conciliavit: _adeo ut portae civitatis ex aere paratae_, et + argentum tam vulgare ibi esset ut ad communium et vilium rerum usum + adhibetur." + +To go, however, completely into the history of these gates would require a +volume. It would be necessary to commence with the great veneration for +gates in general throughout the north: whether the name of their great god +Thor (a gateway) is cause or consequence would have to be considered, and +his coincidence, in this respect, with Janus and Janua, the eldest deity of +the Italians, which I have more largely discussed in an _Essay on a British +Coin with the Head of Janus_, in the 21st No. of the Journal of the British +Archaeological Association. Next, the question would arise, whether these +gates have not been migratory, like those of Somnauth, which Mahmoud took +to Gazni from a similar principle of deeply-rooted ancient +veneration,--relics of sanctity rather than trophies of victory, and which +Lord Ellenborough was so unjustly ridiculed for endeavouring to restore. +Thirdly, therefore, also whether the famous gates of the cathedral of +Novogorod may not be identical with those which have successively adorned +Vineta's and Wisby's portals; and whether those which are still the +ornament of the west door of the cathedral of Hildesheim, (which, according +to the inscription which crosses their twenty scriptural bas-reliefs, were +cast by Bereward, the thirteenth bishop, in 1015), may not be an existing +and beautiful example; as is the bronze column, with the bas-reliefs of +passages of the New Testament winding round it, and placed in the same +cathedral close. It would not be too much to surmise, that even the +beautiful gate of the Florence baptistery are from the same atelier, as an +old Italian author sings: + + "O Germania gloriosa, + Tu vasa ex aurichalcis + Ad nos subinde mittes." + +WILLIAM BELL, Phil. D. + + * * * * * + +NICHOLAS FERRAR AND THE SO-CALLED ARMINIAN NUNNERY OF LITTLE GIDDING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407.) + +Hearne, the antiquary, has preserved two curious documents relating to the +Little Gidding establishment in the Appendix to his Preface to _Peter +Langtoff's Chronicle_, Nos. IX. and X. See also _Thomae Caii Vindiciae_, vol. +ii. The most complete account of this remarkable man is that by Dr. +Peckard, formerly Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, entitled _Memoirs +of the Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, published in 1790, which has now become +extremely scarce, but has been reprinted by Dr. Wordsworth, in his +_Ecclesiastical Biography_, who has given in an Appendix an account of the +visit of the younger Nicholas Ferrar to London, from a MS. in the Lambeth +Library. The _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, by Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ely, came +into the hands of the celebrated Dr. Dodd, who published an abridgment +{445} of it in the _Christian Magazine_ of 1761. This account was again +republished, with additions, in 1837, entitled _Brief Memorials of Nicholas +Ferrar, Founder of a Protestant Religious Establishment at Little Gidding, +in Huntingdonshire_, by the Rev. T.M. Macdonogh, Vicar of Bovingdon. Some +further particulars of this family may be found in Barnabas Oley's preface +to _Herbert's Country Parson_, and in Bishop Hacket's _Life of Archbishop +Williams_. In _Baker's MSS._ (vol. xxxv. p. 389.) in the Public Library of +Cambridge, is an article entitled "Large Materials for writing the Life of +Mr. Nicholas Ferrar." Isaac Walton, in his _Life of George Herbert_, also +notices Ferrar, and describes minutely his mode of life at Little Gidding. +From an advertisement at the end of Francis Peck's _Memoirs of Cromwell_, +it appears that Peck had prepared for publication a _Life of Mr. Nicholas +Ferrar_, no doubt the manuscript collections noticed by MR. RIMBAULT (p. +407.): + + "Little Gidding," it has been observed, "was in England what Port Royal + was in France. Ardent devotion to the Redeemer characterised both. In + each, peace, charity, good order, and love to the souls and bodies of + men, were eminently exhibited; upon each the hand of persecution fell + with unrelenting severity. Port Royal was destroyed by the Jesuits; + Little Gidding by the Puritans." + +J.Y. + +Hoxton. + +_Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Allow me to +refer DR. RIMBAULT to Hacket's _Life of Archbishop Williams_, Part ii. p. +50.; Izaak Walton's _Life of George Herbert_; Peter Langloft's _Chronicle_, +ed. Hearne, Preface, sect xi., Appendix to Preface, Nos. IX. and X.; _Caii +Vindiciae Antiquitatis Academiae Oxoniensis_, ed. Hearne, vol. ii. p. 683. +693. 697. 702. 713.; and _Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar_, by +Peter Peckard, D.D., Cambridge, 8vo., 1790 (which is reprinted with +additions from a manuscript in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, in +Dr. Wordsworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_). In Dr. Peckard's Preface will +be found somewhat respecting "the loss (probably the unjust detention)" of +Francis Peck's manuscript life of Nicholas Ferrar, apparently the same +manuscript which DR. RIMBAULT states he has seen. + +C.H. COOPER. + +Cambridge, November 16. 1850. + +In Nichol's _Litterary Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 519., it is stated that "a +capital account of the family of Ferrar was compiled by Mr. Gough for the +sixth volume of the second edition of the _Biographica Britannica_." Of the +only two copies known to exist of the printed portion of this sixth volume +Mr. Chalmers possessed one, and he seems to have used it in the preparation +of the life of Ferrar for his _Biographical Dictionary_. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + +DR. RIMBAULT will find many interesting particulars relating to the +so-called "Arminian Nunnery," and the family of Ferrars, together with an +account of the present state of the place, in a paper by C. Colson, B.A., +Fellow of St. John's College, entitled "An Account of a Visit to Little +Gidding, on the Feast of S. Andrew, 1840," published in the first part of +the _Transactions of the Cambridge Camden Society_, Stevenson, Cambridge, +1841. + +E.V. + +Dr. Peckard appears to have had the use of some of Peck's MSS. (perhaps +those referred to by DR. RIMBAULT), but he regrets the loss of a MS. which +he had lent to the Rev. Mr. Jones, of Sheepshall, being, a _Life of +Nicholas Ferrar_, by Peck, prepared for the press, but which, after near +twenty years' inquiry, he had been unable to recover. This suggests the +Query, Has it ever yet been recovered? DR. RIMBAULT'S inquiry regarding +Thomas Hearne has been answered by Dr. Dibdin (_Bibliomania_, London, 1811, +p.381.) who informs Dr. Peckard, Dr. Wordsworth, and his Quarterly Reviewer +(p. 93), that Hearne, in the Supplement to his _Thom. Caii Vind. Ant. +Oxon._, 1730, 8vo., vol. ii., "had previously published a copious and +curious account of the monastery at Little Gidding," which he says "does +not appear to have been known to this latter editor," meaning Dr. +Wordsworth. I have not Hearne's work to refer to; but Dr. Dibdin _versus_ +Dr. Wordsworth and his Reviewer, as to ignorance of what so well-known an +author as Tom Hearne has written, is a little curious. The word "Arminian," +in DR. RIMBAULT'S Query, requires a remark. On reading the _Memoir_ which +Dr. Wordsworth has edited, he will find (Appendix, p. 247.) that the +Ferrars complained of "a libellous pamphlet, entitled the _Arminian Nunnery +at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire_," and that they repudiated +"Arminianism and other fopperies." This suggests a further Query: Is DR. +RIMBAULT possessed of that pamphlet? The attachment to books manifested by +the Ferrars family entitles them, I humbly think, to as much space as your +"NOTES AND QUERIES" can afford them. + +J.D.N.N. + +Renfrewshire. + +If DR. RIMBAULT or any of your correspondents could furnish a reply to any +of the Queries inserted by you in Vol. ii., p. 119., relative to the memoir +published by Peckard, and other matters connected therewith, I should feel +obliged. + +MATERRE. + +Mr. Henning of Hillingden, a descendant of the Ferrar family, through his +great-uncle, Dr. John Mapletoft, (see Ward's _Lives of the Gresham +Professors_), who was the great-nephew of Nicholas Ferrar, possessed one of +the three curious volumes arranged by members of the family, {446} viz.--_A +Digest of the History of our Saviour's Life_, with numerous plates. One of +these copies was presented to Charles I. on his going into the North; +another to Charles II. at the Restoration; the third remained in the +family. Can any of your readers tell us whether the copies given to the two +kings exist, and if so, who are the present possessors of them? + +J.H.M. + +Bath + + * * * * * + +VINEYARDS. + +(Vol. ii., p. 393. 414.). + +CLERICUS will find some information in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for the +year 1775 (vol. xlv. pp. 513. 632.) which will direct him to a still fuller +discussion of the subject in the third volume of the _Archaeologia_. + +N.B. + +At _Rochester_ there is a field so called; it is a very favourite _walk_. +In the neighbourhood of the _Cathedral at Bath_, there is one side of a +street so called. + +S.S. + +A part of the town of Richmond (Surrey) is called "the Vineyard." The name, +of the origin of which I am ignorant, is applied to a collection of small +houses between the Roman Catholic Chapel and the Rose Cottage Hotel. + +W.A.G. + +In the fields between Buckden and Diddington, in the county of Huntingdon, +there is what is called "the Vineyard" at the present day; and connected +therewith is what is called, and evidently from the shape has been, a "fish +pond." In Buckden is the abbot's house, with the original door; and there +is no doubt but what the above was, in olden times, belonging to a +religious house in that part. + +M.C.R. + +A small close of land adjoining the churchyard at Oiston, Nottinghamshire +(due west of the church), goes by the name of "the Vineyard." + +P.P. + +There is also a street at Abingdon called "the Vineyard," from the land +having been formerly used for that purpose by the Benedictines of Abingdon +Abbey. If my memory do not betray me, there is some interesting information +on the early cultivation of the vine in England, in an article by Mr. T. +Hudson Turner, in the _Archaeological Journal_, which I have not now at +hand. + +H.G.T. + +There was a vineyard belonging to Ely Place, Holborn: and another probably +in the Abbey grounds at Westminster. A portion of the estate of the late +Chas. Powell, Esq., of Hinton Court, near Hereford, was called the +"Vineyard" and the Vineyard of the Monks of St. Mary's is yet pointed out +by the good folks of Beaulieu in Hampshire. The vineyards of Bath are in +the heart, not the suburbs of the present town. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + +TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION. + +(Vol. ii., p. 168.). + +As supplementary to J.B.'s valuable paper on the _Treatise of +Equivocation_, I transcribe the following from the _Smith Manuscripts_ +(num. lxix. 5. p. 35.), thinking it may leave an interest for some of your +readers:-- + + "_Apud, D.P._ 13th of May, 1597. + + _Gerard the Jesuite, his Defence of AEquivocation._ + + John Gerard, the Jesuite, being told that, upon the arraignment of + Sowthwell the priest of high treason, one of the witnesses being asked + upon her oath by one of the judges, in open court, whether Sowthwell + were ever in Bellamie's house, said that she had been perswaded by + Sowthwell to affirme upon her oath, that she did not see Sowthwell in + Bellamie's house and to keep this secret in her mind, of INTENT TO TELL + YOU, whereas in truth she had seen him diverse times in Bellamie's + house; and Sowthwell being charged therewith, openly confessed the + same, and sought to justifie the same by the place out of Jeremie, that + a man ought to swear _in judicio, justitia, et veritate_. Now, this + John Gerrard, being asked what his opinion and judgment was concerning + Southwell's opinion above said, said that he was of the same opinion, + and seemed to justifie the same by the example of our Saviour Christ, + who said to His disciples, that _you shall go to Jerusalem, Ego autem + non ascendam_, keeping this secret to himself, of INTENT TO TELL YOU. + And also sayeth that our Saviour Christ said, that the Son of Man did + not know of the day of judgment, keeping this secret to himself, OF + INTENT TO TELL YOU; for he sayeth, that as he was Son of Man he knew + it, and could not be ignorant of any thing: and furder sayeth, that a + witness being examined, _juridice_ and of temporal things, not + concerning religion or Catholics, cannot answer with such aequivocation + as is above said. And, forasmuch as this opinion and the defence + thereof seemed to be damnable and blasphemous, he was required to sett + down his own opinion therein, least he should be mistaken; but he + denied the same, not because it is untrue, but because he would not + publish it. Then being required to subscribe the same, denied the same + also. + + RICHARD BARKLEY. + WILLIAM WAAD. + EDWARD COOK. + THOMAS FLEMING." + +The reference "_Apud. D.P._," which stands as I have placed it above, may +perhaps enable some of your contributors to point out the source from which +this account is derived. The date at the top appears to have been added by +a later hand. + +J. SANSOM. + +Oxford, Nov. 1850. + + * * * * * + +RIOTS IN LONDON. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 273. 332.) + +Will you do me the favour to insert the following attempt to set right and +disentangle the thread {447} of my narrative respecting the death of young +Allen. Certain it is that I was not "an actor nor spectator," in the riots +of 1768, for they occurred some little time before I was born! It is +equally certain that a man well remembered by me as our servant, whose name +was "Mac," was a soldier concerned in the affair of Allen's death. As all +the three soldiers had the prefix of "Mac" to their names, I cannot tell +which of them it was, but it was _not_ the man who really shot Allen, and +_was never again heard of_; for "Mac," whom I so well remember, must have +lived with my father _after_ the affair of 1768, or _I_ could not have +known him. In my youthful remembrance, I have blended the story about him +with the riots which I had witnessed in 1780: this is the best and only +explanation I can give. Sure I am, that all my father related to me of that +man was true. I presume the "Mac" I knew must have been Maclane, as your +correspondent E.B. PRICE thinks probable, because of his trial and +acquittal, which agrees with my father's statement; and especially as he +was singled out and erroneously accused of the crime--as the quotation +above referred to states. All I can say is, I can relate no more; I have +told the story _as I remember it,_ and for myself can only apologise that +(though not so old as to witness the riots of 1768) I am old enough to +experience that Time has laid his hand not only on my head to whiten my +locks, but in this instance compels me to acknowledge that even the +memories of my early days are, like the present, imperfect. The failure is +with me, not with my father. + +This vindication of my honourable parent's undoubted veracity reminds me of +a circumstance that I have read or heard in a trial with regard to a right +of way across an inclosure. Several aged men had given their evidence, when +one said, "I remember that a public footpath for more than 100 years." "How +old are you?" said the counsel. "Somewhere about eighty," was as the reply. +"How then do you remember the path for 100 years?" "I remember (said the +old man firmly), when a boy, sitting on my father's knee, and he told me of +a robbery that took place on that footpath; and so I know it existed +_then_, for _my father never told a lie_." The point was carried, and the +footpath remains open to this day, to tell to all generations _the beauty +of truth_. + +SENEX. + +In Malcolm's _Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during the +eighteenth Century_, 4to. 1808, there is a + + "Summary of the Trial of Donald Maclane, on Tuesday last, at Guildford + Assizes, for the murder of William Allen Jun. on the 10th of May last + in St. George's Fields." + +Upon the trial mention was made of the paper stuck up against the walls of +the King's Bench Prison, from which it appears that it contained the +following: + + "Let * * * Judges, Ministers combine, + And here great Wilkes and Liberty confine. + Yet in each English heart secure their fame is + In spite of crowded levies at St. J----'s. + Then while in prison Envy dooms their stay, + Here grateful Britons daily homage pay." + +The inscription upon the tomb of William Allen was visible in 1817, and in +addition to the inscription on the north side, which has already been +printed in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 333), was as follows:-- + + _South Side._ + + "O disembody'd soul! most rudely driven + From this low orb (our sinful seat) to Heaven, + While filial piety can please the ear, + Thy name will still occur for ever dear: + This very spot now humaniz'd shall crave + From all a tear of pity on thy grave. + O flow'r of flow'rs! which we shall see no more, + No kind returning Spring can thee restore, + Thy loss thy hapless countrymen deplore. + + _East Side._ + + "O earth! cover not thou my blood."--_Job._ xvi. 18. + + _West Side._ + + "Take away the wicked from before the King, and His throne shall be + established in righteousness."--_Prov._ xxiii. 5. + +Fifteen months afterwards the father of William Allen presented a petition +to his majesty for vengeance on the murderers of his son. + +O. SMITH. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES + +_Osnaburg Bishopric_ (Vol. ii. p. 358.).--By the treaty of Osnaburg, in +1624, it was stipulated "that the alternate nomination to the Bishopric of +Osnaburg should be in the catholic bishops, and in the protestant branches +of the house of Luneburg." Thus, the Princes Ernest Augustus, the father of +George I., Ernest Augustus, brother of the same monarch, and the late Duke +of York, became sovereign-bishops of Osnaburg. But by the treaty of Vienna, +in 1815, the bishopric became an integral part of the kingdom of Hanover. +(Vide _Halliday's House of Guelph_, 4to. 1820, pp. 134, 135, 335.) + +F.E. + +_Death of Richard II._ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Otterburn tells us (pp. 228, +229.) that Richard II.'s death took place at _Pontefract Castle_, on St. +Valentine's day, and adds, that the body was exposed to public view in all +the principal towns through which it passed on the road to London. See also +Walsingham (p. 363.): + + "Clausitque diem extremum _apud castrum de Pontefracto_, die Sancti + Valentini." + +{448} The Keeper of the Wardrobe, moreover, received 100 marks for the +conveyance of the king's body from Pontefract to London. (_Issue Rolls_, 1 +Henry IV.) + +It was the belief of many contemporaries--and arguments have been adduced +by modern writers in support of the supposition--(see a very interesting +treatise on the subject in the second volume of Tytler's _History of +Scotland_), that Richard II. escaped from his prison, and lived for several +years in Stirling Castle. But be that as it may, Froissart, I think, is +clearly wrong in stating that he died in the Tower of London. + +O.P.Q. + +In answer to your Query relative to the death of Richard II., and his dying +at Pontefract, I beg to refer you to Devon's printed _Pell Records_, Hen. +III. to Hen. VI., p. 275, for the following entry: + + "17 February. To Thos. Tuttabury, clerk, keeper of the king's wardrobe, + In money paid to him by the hands of Wm. Pampleon, Esq., for expenses + incurred for the carriage of the body of Richard, late king of England, + _from the town of Pomferait to London_, by Writ, &c., 66l. 13s. 4d." + +Again, at page 276.: + + "To a certain other valet, sent from London, by direction of the king's + council, to Pontfreyt Castle for the protection and safe custody of the + body of Richard II., late king of England, In money paid to his own + hands for his wages and expenses, 6s. 8d." + +This seems to be decisive of the question; but there are several other +interesting entries bearing on the same point. + +D.P.R. + +_Scottish Prisoners sold to Plantations_ (Vol. ii., pp. 297. 350. 379.).-- + + "The judgements of heaven were never so visible upon any people as + those which have fallen upon the Scots since [the sale of Charles I.]; + for, besides the sweeping furious plague that reigned in Edinburgh, and + the incredible number of witches which have increased, and have been + executed there since; besides the sundry shameful defeats they have + received by the English, who carried away more of them prisoners than + they were themselves in number; _besides that many of them died of mere + hunger; besides that they were sold away slaves, at half a crown a + dozen, for foreign plantations among savages_; I say besides all this + chain of judgements, with diverse others, they have quite lost their + reputation among all mankind; some jeer them, some hate them, and none + pity them."--Howell's _German Dict._, p. 65., 1653. + +Echard, in _Hist. Eng._, vol. ii. p. 727., speaking of the prisoners taken +at Worcester, says that Cromwell + + "marched up triumphantly to London, driving four or five thousand + prisoners like sheep before him; making presents of them, as occasion + offered, as of so many slaves, and selling the rest for that purpose + into the English plantations abroad." + +W. DN. + +_Lachrymatories._--There is absolutely _no_ authority in any ancient author +for this name, and the best scholars speak of these vessels as _the bottles +usually called lachrymatories_, &c. It would be curious to discover when +the name was first used, and by whom first this absurd use was imagined. It +_[illegible]_ that their _proper_ use was to contain perfumes, scents, and +unguents, as sweet odours to rest with the departed. Becker says: + + "Bottles, filled with perfumes, were placed inside the tomb, which was + besprinkled _odoribus_. These are the tear-flasks, or _lachrymatories_, + so often mentioned formerly."--_Gallus_, p. 413. Eng. Tr. + +A wasteful use of perfumes at funerals (_sumptuosa respersio_, Cicero de +Legibus, ii. 23.) was forbidden by the Twelve Tables. The eighth verse of +the fifty-sixth Psalm, + + "My flight thou numberest: put my tears in thy bottle: stand they not + in thy book?"--_Hengstenberg_, Clarke's Tr. Edinb. + +is, I believe, the only evidence that can be brought in favour of the old +opinion; but we surely cannot take the highly figurative language of +Eastern poetry to establish a Roman custom of which we have no hint +elsewhere. This verse admits of a much simpler interpretation; see Arndt, +quoted by Hengstenberg _ad locum_. From a review of _Museum Disneianum_, +which appeared in No. XXIII. of the _Classical Museum_, it seems that Mr. +Disney has devoted to this subject some pages of the introduction to Part +II. of the above work, of which a summary is given by the reviewer. + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +Torreridge, Herts, Oct. 23. + +_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 205.).--MR. SANSOM is +sustained by Anthony Wood in assigning the _Querela_ to Dean Ryves; but it +may be doubted whether he were anything but the editor, publishing it as an +Appendix to the _Mercurius Rusticus_. The title of the work is _Querela +Cantabrigiensis: or A Remonstrance by way of Apologie for the banished +Members of the late flourishing University of Cambridge, by some of the +said Sufferers_. Now Dean Ryves was a member of the University of Oxford. +In Wood's _Fasti_, it is stated that he took the degree of B.A., Oct. 26, +1616, being then of New College. On June 9, 1619, he was admitted of +Magdalen College, as a member of which he took his B.D. in 1632, and +proceeded to D.D. in 1639. He had nothing therefore to do with the +sufferings of the members of the University of Cambridge. In the _Life of +Dr. Barwick_, the account given of the _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ is:-- + + "But _Mr. Barwick's_ no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together + with others of the university, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, + _and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own + college_, {449} gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and + under the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of + Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of _Mr. Richard + Royston_, a bookseller of _London_, who did great service to his king + and country, by printing and disposing, in the most difficult times, + books written in defence of the royal cause." pp. 32-33. + +In the Appendix (p.495. note), Dr. Bruno Ryves is mentioned, and spoken of +as the author of _Mercurius Rusticus_; but no notice is taken of his being +one of the authors of the _Querela_. Of Dr. Ryves, who assisted in the +Polyglot, a good account is given in Todd's _Life of Bishop Walton_, vol. +i. pp. 306-309. + +Barwick was upon another occasion assisted in a work against the League and +Covenant, published in 1644, by William Lacy of St. John's, Isaac Barrow of +Peter-House, Sethward of Sidney College, Edmund Baldero, and William +Quarles of Pembroke Hall, and Peter Gunning of Clare Hall. It is not an +improbable conjecture that some of these distinguished men assisted in the +composition of the _Querela_. + +A.B.R. + +Easton. + +_"Then" for "than."_--At the end of Selden's _Titles of Honour_ (edit. +1631), after the list of "Faults escapled in print," occur the words, "may +with no less difficulty be amended _then_ observed?" Was the word _then_ +commonly used in the sense of _than_; or is it a misprint? + +P.H.F. + + [Dr Latham, in _English Language_, p. 377. (3d ed.), observes. "As to + the word _than_, the conjunction of comparison, it is a variety of + _then_; the notions of _order_, _sequence_, and _comparison_, being + allied. _This is good; then_ (or _next in order_) _that is good_, is an + expression sufficiently similar to _this is better than that_ to have + given rise to it."] + +_Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--"The Papal +decision" referred to may probably be found in the Popes Letters of 2nd +Feb. 1849, and of 20th May, 1850. The former professes to seek for +information on this question from the priests and bishops of the whole +Catholic world, but at the same time it enunciates clearly the Pope's +opinion in favour of the doctrine. + +J.H.M. + +Bath. + +In the _Catholic Annual Register for the Year ended 30th June, 1850_, +published by Dolman, will be found the recent Allocution of his Holiness +Pius IX., a Pastoral of the Cardinal Wiseman, and one from the bishops of +America on this subject; from which your correspondent L. will be fully +able to discover the present state of the doctrine of the Catholic Church +on this mystery. + +FESTE. + +_Letters of Horning_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.).--Letters of Horning, in the law +of Scotland, are writs issuing under the signet of the sovereign (used in +the Supreme Court, or Court of Session, for signifying the sovereign's +assent to writs issuing from that court) obtained by creditors, commanding +messengers at arms + + "To charge the debtor to pay or perform his obligation within a day + certain." ... "If payment be not made within the days mentioned in the + horning, the messsenger, after proclaiming three oyesses at the + marketcross of the head borough of the debtor's domicil, and reading + the letters there, blows three blasts with a horn, by which the debtor + is understood to be proclaimed rebel to the king for contempt of his + authority." + + Sec. 26. "Denunciation, if registered within fifteen days, either in the + sheriff's books or in the general register, drew after it the rebel's + single cheat, i.e. forfeiture of his moveables to the crown. So severe + a penalty, with the character of rebel affixed to denunciation on civil + debts, was probably owing to this; that anciently letters of horning + were not granted but to enforce the performance of facts within one's + own power, and when afterwards [in 1584] they came to be issued on + liquid debts, the legislature neglected to soften the penalty. Insomuch + that those who were denounced rebels, even for a civil cause, might be + put to death with impunity till 1612. Persons denounced rebels have not + a _persona standi ne judicio_. They can neither sue nor defend in any + action." + +I have preferred, to any explanation of my own, to make the preceding +extracts from Erskine's _Principles of the law of Scotland_, Book ii., +Title 5., Sections 24, 25, 26.,--a standard institutional work of the +highest authority. + +For those who are disinclined to examine the subject too gravely, I must +refer to another authority equally worthy of credit, viz. Sir Walter +Scott's _Antiquary_, where, in Chapter xviii., + + "Full of wise saws and modern instances." + +the subject of imprisonment for debt in Scotland is discussed most ably by +Jonathan Oldbuck, Esq., of Monkbarns, who proves to his nephew, Captain +McIntyre, that in that happy country no man can be legally imprisoned _for +debt_. He says,-- + + "You suppose now a man's committed to prison because he cannot pay his + debts? Quite otherwise; the truth is, the king is so good as to + interfere at the request of the creditor, and to send the debtor his + royal command to do him justice within a certain time; fifteen days, or + six, as the case may be. Well, the man resists, and disobeys; what + follows? Why, that he be lawfully and rightfully declared a rebel to + our gracious sovereign, whose command he has disobeyed, and that by + three blasts of a horn, at the market-place of Edinburgh, the + metropolis of Scotland. And he is then legally imprisoned, not on + account of any civil debt, but because of his ungrateful contempt of + the royal mandate." + +I have only quoted what was absolutely necessary to answer the Query; but +there is much more to be found on the subject in the same place. + +I cannot suppose that there is any one of your readers so illiterate as not +to have read the _Antiquary_, {450} there are few memories which are not +the better for being from time to time refreshed. My own is not of the +best, which is sometimes disadvantageous to me, but not in a case like +this. I have frequently read over the _Antiquary_, again and again, and +have always derived much pleasure and amusement from so doing, and that +pleasure I hope still again to enjoy. + +J. S----s. + +_Dr. Euseby Cleaver_ (Vol. ii., p. 297.).--Your correspondent H. COTTON, +Thurles, Ireland, is mistaken with reward to Dr. Euseby Cleaver. He was +never Bishop of Cork and Ross. He was Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, and +translated thence to the archbishopric of Dublin _about_ the year 1805. No +doubt the transaction will be found in the Registry of Ferns, but I do not +know the date of his consecration. + +I was acquainted with that good man, and my mother was his first cousin. + +R.S. + +Belgave, Nov. 15. 1850. + +_Mrs. Partington_ (Vol. ii., pp. 377. 411.).--In the Rev. Sydney Smith's +speech at Taunton, on the Lords' rejection of the Reform Bill, October, +1831, is this passage: + + "The attempt of the Lords to stop the progress of reform, reminds me + very forcibly of the great storm of Sidmouth, and of the conduct of the + excellent Mrs. Partington on that occasion. In the winter of 1824, + there set in a great flood upon that town--the tide rose to an + incredible height--the waves rushed in upon the houses, and everything + was threatened with destruction. In the midst of this sublime and + terrible storm, Dame Partington, who lived upon the beach, was seen at + the door of her house with mop and pattens, trundling her mop, + squeezing out the sea-water, and vigorously pushing away the Atlantic + Ocean. The Atlantic was roused. Mrs. Partington's spirit was up; but I + need not tell you that the contest was unequal. The Atlantic Ocean beat + Mrs Partington. She was excellent at a slop or a puddle, but she should + not have meddled with a tempest." + +This speech is reprinted in the collected editions of Sydney Smith's +_Works_. Unless an allusion to Mrs. Partington of a prior date to October, +1831, is produced, we may fairly consider that the celebrity of that lady +is owing to Sydney Smith. + +I doubt if Lord Brougham ever alluded to Mrs. Partington. Certain it is he +never made any speech in the House of _Commons_ on the Reform Bill, as he +was raised to the peerage some months before that bill was brought forward. + +C.H. COOPER. + +_"Never did Cardinal bring good to England"_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.).--Your +correspondent O.P.Q. refers to Dr. Lingard's _History of England_, in which +this exclamation of the Duke of Suffolk, on the adjournment of the legatine +inquiry into the validity of the marriage of Henry VIII. and Catharine of +Arragon, is termed an "old saw," and remarks that he should be glad to know +if this saying is to be met with elsewhere, and what gave rise to it. +Before we enter upon the inquiries suggested by O.P.Q., it seems to me that +we have to consider a previous question--what authority is there for +terming it an "old saw." Dr. Lingard refers to "Cavendish, 434.; Herbert, +278." as his authorities for the whole paragraph. But Herbert does not +contain anything of the kind and Cavendish relates the matter very +differently: + + "With that stepped forth the Duke of Suffolk from the king, and lay his + commandment spoke these words with a stout and an hault countenance, + 'It was never merry in England,' quoth he, 'whilst we had cardinals + amongst us!'"--Cavendish's _Wolsey_, pp. 232, 233, Singer's edition. + +Is Dr. Lingard the authority for these words being an "old saw", or has he +merely omitted to give a reference to the place from whence he really +derived them? + +BERUCHINO. + +_Pandects, Florentine Edition of_ (Vol. ii., p. 421.).--Your correspondent +R.G. will find copies of the Florentine edition of the Pandects of 1553, +both in the British Museum and in the Bodleian library at Oxford. It is +described in the catalogues of both under the title of _Pandecta_. + +C.L.L. + +_Master John Shorne_ (Vol. ii., p. 387.).--Mr. Thoms, in his curious notes +on this personage, has expressed much regret that fuller details relating +to a representation of _Magister Johannes Schorn_ at Cawston, Norfolk, +communicated to the Archaeological Institute by the Rev. James Bulwer, had +not been preserved in the _Archaeological Journal_. I believe that the +omission was solely in deference to Mr. Bulwer's intention of giving in +another publication the results of his inquiries, and those persons who may +desire detailed information regarding Master John will do well to peruse +Mr. Bulwer's curious memoir in the _Norfolk Archaeology_, vol. ii. p. 280., +published March 1849, where representations of the figure at Cawston, and +of another at Gateley, Norfolk, are given. There seems to be no evidence +that Sir John, although in both instances pourtrayed with _nimbus_, had +been actually canonized and it is deserving of notice that in no ancient +evidence hitherto cited is he designated as a Saint, but merely as Master, +or Sir John. I am surprised that Dr. Husenbeth, who is so intimately +conversant with the examples of hagiotypic symbols existing in Norfolk, +should not have given him even a supplementary place in his most useful +manual of the _Emblems of Saints_, recently published. (Burns, 1850, 12mo.) +I have sought for Sir John in vain, in either section of that valuable +work. It occurs neither under the names of saints, nor in the series of +emblems. + +ALBERT WAY. + +_"Her brow was fair"_ (Vol. ii p. 407.).--The author of the passage quoted +by J.M.B. is Barry Cornwall. It occurs in one of the delicious {451} little +"Miscellaneous Poems" attached to the volume entitled _Dramatic Scenes_. +The quotation is not quite accurate, the last two words of the first line, +"and look'd," being carried into the second, and thus destroying the metre +of both. The Dr. Armstrong alluded to by J.M.B. is, I suppose, a modern +celebrity of whom I must plead guilty of being ignorant. The lines could, +of course, only occur in the writings of the Dr. Armstrong who wrote _The +Art of Preserving Health_, and who was the friend of the poet Thomson, +through the interpolation of some modern editor, within the last thirty +years. Barry Cornwall's poems have never been collected, in this country at +least; and as the volume which contains the one in question is to be met +with only occasionally, on the book stalls, I send you the entire poem:-- + + THE MAGDALEN. + + "And woman who had wept her loveliest dower + There hid her broken heart. + _Paris._ "I do remember it. Twas such a face + As Guido would have loved to dwell upon; + But oh! the touches of his pencil never + Could paint her perfect beauty. In her home + (Which once she did desert) I saw her last; + Propp'd up by pillows, swelling round her like + Soft heaps of snow, yielding, and fit to bear + Her faded figure. I observed her well: + Her brow was fair, but _very_ pale, and look'd + Like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil + Its whiteness. O'er her temple one blue vein + Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand + Branch'd like the fibre of a leaf--away. + Her mouth was tremulous, and her cheek wore then + A flush of beautiful vermilion, + But more like art than nature; and her eye + Spoke as became the youthful Magdalen, + Dying and broken-hearted." + +G.J. DE WILDE. + +_Dodd's Church History_ (Vol. ii., p. 347).--G.R., who is good enough to +speak of my edition of this work in a very flattering manner, presumes, and +not unnaturally, from the lengthened period which has elapsed since the +appearance of the last, or fifth volume, that its continuation "has for +some reason or other been abandoned." I am glad, however, to inform him +that such is not the case. Health, and other uncontrollable circumstances, +have unfortunately interfered to impede the progress of the work; but that +it is not abandoned, I hope, ere long, to give to him and to the public a +practical evidence. + +M.A. TIERNEY. + +Arundel, Nov. 1850. + +_Blackwall Docks_ (Vol. i., pp. 141. 220.).--These, in Pepys' time, +probably included more than the dry docks, known as Wigram's and Green's; +_e.g._, in Sir Thomas Brame's _Letters_, dated 29th Sept. 1666, we read: + + "Blackwall hath the largest wet dock in England, and belongs chiefly to + the East India Company."--Sir Thos. Brame's _Letters_, edit. Wilkin, t. + i. p. 135. + +W. DN. + +_Wives of Ecclesiastics_ (Vol. i., p. 149.).--In Archdeacon Hale's _Curious +Precedents in Criminal Causes_, p. 23., under 1490, and in the parish of S. +Nicholas, Coldharbour, London, we read: + + "Nicholai Colde.--Johannes Warwick quondam clericus parochie ibidem + adulteravit cum Rosa Williamson et ob amorem illius mutilavit et quasi + interfecit uxorem propriam." + +We may remark that the delinquent is not called Dominus, but "clericus +parochie." + +W. DN. + +_Stephens' Sermons_ (Vol. i., p. 334.).--The sermons referred to by +BALLIOLIENSIS, with a suggestion that they may be those of the Rev. W. +Stephens, were preached by Rev. Samuel Johnson, vicar of Great, and rector +of Little Torrington. Stephens was subsequently vicar of St. Andrew's, +Plymouth, a living then in the gift of the corporation. + +W. DN. + +_Saying of Montaigne_ (Vol. ii., p. 278.).--I have seen this attributed to +Fenelon, and, I think, to an English divine; but have no "Note," and regret +I cannot recollect the name. + +ESTE. + +_Scala Coeli_ (Vol. ii., p. 285.)--They are not _in_ the church of St. John +Lateran, but in a separate portico-like building. They form the middle +flight, up which the faithful ascend on their knees, and descend by +ordinary stairs on each side. These stairs are of stone (or marble), and +are covered with boards, so that only parts are visible. They are said to +have formed part of Pilate's house at Jerusalem; but I believe there are +other claimants for the honour. One or two brass stars, inlaid in the +stone, are said to mark the spots where Christ's tears fell. + +ESTE. + +Birmingham, Nov. 13. 1850. + +_Red Hand--Holt Family--Aston Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 241.).--The tradition +is not, I belive, of very ancient date. It is stated that one of the Holt +family murdered his cook, and was afterwards compelled to adopt the red +hand in his arms. It is, however, obviously only the "Ulster badge" of +baronetcy. I have never heard any further particulars of the tradition. + +ESTE. + +_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).-- + + "Toison d'or parut ensuite; il apportait un faisan vivant, orne d'un + collier d'or; alors le duc Philippe, suivant l'ancien usage qu'avaient + les seigneurs de preter leurs serments sur quelque noble oiseau, jura + qu'il irait en personne dans l'Orient combattre le chef des Sarrasins." + &c., &c.--_Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne_, par F. Valentin, troisieme + edition, p. 235. 8vo. Tours, 1846. + +E.J.M. + +Oxford. + +{452} _"Tickhill, God help me!"_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--Chagford, on the +borders Dartmoor, in Devon, is in winter a very desolate and almost +unapproachable place. If an inhabitant be asked at this season concerning +his locality, he calls it, in sad tones, "Chagford, good Lord!" In summer +the place is picturesque and much sought, and then the exulting designation +is "Chaggiford, and what d'ye think?" + +Widdicombe-in-the-Moor, in the same neighbourhood, is a most out-of-the-way +place, and is commonly spoken of as "Widdicombe in the cold country, good +Lord!" + +J.W.H. + +_"Noli me tangere"_ (Vol. ii., p. 253.).--To the list given of the painters +of this subject may be added _Frederico Baroccio_. A singularly beautiful +engraving by Raphael Morghen of this picture, then in the possession of the +Marquis Bonvisi of Lucca, was published at Florence, 1816. + +C.I.R. + +_Judas Bell, Judas Candle, &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the parish +accounts of Lambeth, the two following entries occur:-- + + "1516. To James Calcot for payntyng of Judas, 6d." + "1523. Paid for a staff for Judas crosse -- 4d." + +I venture to add these to the instances cited by Mr. Walcott, hoping that +the slightly varied form may furnish a clue by which some of your readers +may be able to unravel the meaning of such allusions more satisfactorily +than any yet attempted. + +J.C.B. + +_Burial towards the West_ (Vol. ii., p. 408.).--Mr. Hawker has stated very +confidently that + + "It was the ancient usage of the Church that the martyr, the bishop, + the saint, and even the priest, should occupy in their sepulture a + position the reverse of the secular dead, and lie down with their feet + westward and their heads to the rising sun." + +It is true that a custom has existed in many places for nearly two +centuries and a half to assign to the clergy a method of interment distinct +from that adopted for the laity; and the observance of this usage is not +limited to Romanists, for its continuance may be noted among members of the +Church of Ireland also, at least in remote districts of that country. With +respect to this matter, however, your correspondent has entirely misapplied +the term "ancient;" for until the seventeenth century there was not any +difference in the mode of sepulture prescribed for priests and laymen but, +most commonly, all persons entitled to Christian burial were placed with +their feet toward the east, in consequence of a tradition relative to the +position of our Saviour's body in the tomb. (Haimo, _Hom. pro Die Sancto +Pasch._; J. Gregrory, _Oriens nomen Ejus_, 85., Martene, _De Antiq. Eccles. +Ritibus_, tom. ii. p. 374. Venet. 1783.) It is believed that there is no +earlier authority for the sacerdotal privilege in question than a rule +contained in the _Rituale Romanum_ sanctioned by Pope Paul V. in June, +1614; viz.: + + "Corpora defunctorum in ecclesia ponenda sunt pedibus versus altare + majus ... Presbyteri vero habeant caput versus altare."--Cap. _De + Exsequiis_, p. 63. Antwerp, 1635. + +A rubric afterwards directs (p. 168.) that the bier should be so set down +in the middle of the church that in every case the injunction previously +given should be complied with, even from the commencement of the funeral +service; and, in fact, the manner of adhering to the established practice +of exhibiting in the church to the people the bodies of the deceased +clergy, clad in vestments, prior to their interment (on which occasions an +altar-ward posture was naturally selected for the head, in order that the +remains might be more easily seen), appears to have originated the idea of +the fitness of retaining an unjustifiable priestly prerogative at the time +of burial. + +Mr. Hawker may peruse with much advantage the first Appendix in the second +edition of _Eusebii Romani Epistola de Cultu Sanctorum ignotorum_. Mabillon +has herein very usefully enlarged what he had said, "De Sepultura +Sacerdotum," in the preceding impression, of which a French translation was +speedily published at Paris, 12mo in eights, 1698. The text of both +editions may be found together in tome i. of the _Ouvrages posthumes de +Mabillon et Ruinart_, a Paris, 1724. + +R.G. + +_Totnes Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 376).--As the priory of St. Mary stood on the +N.E. side of the parish church, it is not improbable that the arched +passage to which your querist H.G.T. refers may have been formed between +the two buildings, and found needful to allow room for the extension of the +chancel on the re-erection of the church in 1432. Perhaps if H.G.T. could +refer to the ancient documents brought to light by the fall of one of the +pinnacles into the room over the porch in 1799, he would gain some +information in connexion with his inquiry. The following note may have +reference to the very "gangway" in question: + + "William Ryder of Totnes, by his will dated 18th Nov. 1432 desires to + be buried in the cemetery of the parish church, in itinere + processionali juxta ecclesiam prioris et conventus Totton, ex opposito + magni altaris ejusdem ecclesiae."--See Dr. Oliver's _Monasticum Dioc. + Exon._ p. 239. + +It appears that the present churchyard is the site of the priory, but on +this point the labours of the sexton would probably give some intimation. + +S.S.S. + +_Irish Brigade_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Your correspondent J.B. will find +some interesting particulars concerning the Irish Brigade in the _Military +History of the Irish Nation_, by Matthew O'Conor, extending to the peace of +Utrecht in 1711. It {453} was never finished. There is very valuable +Appendix in French, written in 1749, and authenticated September 1. 1815, +by the Adj.-Comm.-Col. De M. Morres (Herve); it gives the war-orders, pay, +changes in the organization, and numbers of this gallant corps. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +We have received the second edition of _Chronicles of the Ancient British +Church_. The author exhibits great industry and research, and brings that +kindly reverential temper to his subject, which cannot fail to win for it +the sympathy of his readers. The apostolic origin of British Christianity, +and the early independence of the British Church, are satisfactorily +maintained, the labours of St. Patrick in Ireland, St. David and his +workfellows in Wales, St. Columba and St. Ninian in the North, are duly +chronicled; and the slender particulars that remain to us of the ancient +Church in Cornwall, are gleaned up with diligence and accuracy. The volume +is put together in a readable and popular shape, but is not unworthy the +attention of even our clerical friends. The author takes nothing upon +trust, and while availing himself of the labours of Usher, Stillingfleet, +&c., he ascends to the original authorities from which they drew, and makes +us acquainted with the pages of Gildas, Nennius, and Giraldus Cambrensis. + +There is a time-honoured proverb, which bids us "Laugh and grow fat." The +author of a series of very witty and instructive papers written under the +title of, and for the prose of showing us _How to make Home +Unhealthy_,--written, too, it is obvious, on the principle of "When I say +hold fast, let go, and When I say let go, hold fast,"--has improved upon +the old saw, and bids us "Laugh and grow healthy." The subject is one which +comes home to everybody, and we accordingly recommend everybody in search +of a pleasant half-hour's reading of a happy combination of common sense +and uncommon humour to apply themselves to the study of _How to make Home +Unhealthy_. + +We last week called attention to several Flemish works likely to interest +English readers. We have since seen how desirable it is that this should be +done, in the fact, that a curious Flemish Rhyming Chronicle respecting our +Edward III., by Jan de Klerk, edited in 1840 by that accomplished antiquary +Willems, and of which only 100 copies were printed, has hitherto been so +little known in this country, that nearly a quarter of the whole impression +was left unsold in the hands of the late Mr. Rodd. At the last sale of Mr. +Rodd's books they were purchased by Mr. Quaritch. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Thomas Thorpe's (13. Henrietta +Street, Covent Garden) General Catalogue of the most extensive Collection +of Curious Books on Sale in this or any other country, in most Languages +and classes of Literature, and including many hundred Articles of the +utmost rarity; William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue of Second-hand +English and Foreign Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile, Holborn) List No. +XXX. of Miscellaneous Second-hand Books; Reeves' and Turner's (98. Chancery +Lane) Catalogue No. 14. of Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 14. for 1850, of Books Old and +New; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue Part CXVIII., No. 12. for +1850, of Old and New Books. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Wednesday next and three +following days, the valuable Philological, Biblical, and Miscellaneous +Library of the late Rev. Richard Garnet of the British Museum. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +OBI. An early and abridged edition. + +BURKE'S WORKS. 9 vols. 8vo. 1845. + +LAWRIE'S HOMOEOPATHIC DOMESTIC MEDICINE. Last Edition. + +_Odd Volumes._ + +KNIGHT'S LONDON, Nos. 27. 53. 57. 98. 105. 146. + +POPE'S WORKS. Warburton, 8vo. 1760. Vol. II. + +CARTER'S ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND. 1793. Part I. + +PARKINSON'S SERMONS on Points of Doctrine and Rules of Duty. 1832. Vol. I. + +ALISON'S EUROPE. First 8vo. edition. Vol. IX. + +NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. II. III. V. + +NICHOLSON'S ARCHITECTURAL DICTIONARY. Parts XV. to the end. + +URE'S DICTIONARY of Arts and Manufactures. Part VI. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_We this week present our Subscribers with eight pages extra to meet our +increasing Correspondence. But though our present Number is thus enlarged, +we are compelled again to postpone many valuable communications, which are +already in type._ + +J.D.N.N. (_Renfrewshire_) _is thanked for his kind note. He will see by the +present Number, that there is no occasion for the alternative he suggests._ + +TWYFORD, _whose Query respecting the_ OGDEN FAMILY _appears at page 73, is +requested to say how a note may reach him._ + +_Communications should be addressed to the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, +_care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. _Fleet Street._ + +_Part XIII. for November, price 1s. 3d., is now ready for delivery._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_Errata._--P. 365, l. 36, for "ee_n_ or de_n_" read "e_r_ or de_r_"; p. +405, l. 16, for "Gar_n_elies" read "Gar_u_elies", p. 414, l. 13, for +J.V.R.W. read J.K.R.W.; p. 430, l. 9, for "441" read "414"; p. 420, l. 52, +for [Greek: exeleleipto] read [Greek: exeleleipto]; p. 422, l. 5, for +_Amaen. Lit._ iii. read _Amaen. Lit._ ii.--l. 42, dele; after "manifest"; and +in col. 2, l. 26, for "milcinqcens et _o_nze" read "mil cinqcens et +_u_nze." + + * * * * * + + +{454} NEW WORKS. + +I. + +The late LORD HOLLAND'S FOREIGN REMINISCENCES. Edited by his Son, HENRY +EDWARD LORD HOLLAND. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. [On Friday next. + +II. + +Mr. MACAULAY'S HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Accession of James II. Seventh +Edition. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 32s. + +III. + +SOUTHEY'S LIFE and CORRESPONDENCE. Edited by his Son, the Rev. C.C. +SOUTHEY, M.A.; with Portraits and Illustrations. 6 vols. post 8vo. 63s. + +IV. + +Mr. MACAULAY'S CRITICAL and HISTORICAL ESSAYS. New Edition, complete in One +Volume; with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. 21s. calf, 30s. + +V. + +ESSAYS IN ECCLESIASTICAL BIOGRAPHY. By the Right Hon. Sir JAMES STEPHEN, +K.C.B. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s. + +VI. + +Mr. HENRY ROGERS'S ESSAYS selected from Contributions to the Edinburgh +Review. 2 vols. 8vo, 24s. + +VII. + +Mr. S. LAING'S OBSERVATIONS on the SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of the +EUROPEAN PEOPLE in 1848 and 1849. 8vo. 14s. + +VIII. + +Mr. W.C. TOWNSEND'S COLLECTION of MODERN STATE TRIALS. Revised, and +illustrated with Essays and Notes. 2 vols. 8vo. 30s. + +IX. + +Sir JOHN HERSCHEL'S OUTLINES of ASTRONOMY. New Edition; with Plates and +Woodcuts. 8vo. 18s. + +X. + +The Rev. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY of the ROMANS under the EMPIRE. Vols. I. and +II. 8vo. 28s. + +XI. + +LOYOLA: and JESUITISM in its RUDIMENTS. By ISAAC TAYLOR. With medallion +Portrait. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +XII. + +The GEOLOGY and FOSSILS of the TERTIARY and CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS of +SUSSEX. By the late F. DIXON, Esq., F.G.S.; with Woodcuts and Forty-Four +Plates. Royal 4to. 63s.; India Proofs, 5l. 5s. [Early in December. + +XIII. + +Mrs. JAMESON'S SACRED and LEGENDARY ART. New Edition; with 16 Etchings by +the Author and many Woodcuts. Square crown 8vo. 28s. + +XIV. + +ALARIC A. WATTS'S POETRY and PAINTING, LYRICS of the HEART; and OTHER +POEMS. With 41 Steel Plates. Square crown 8vo. 31s. 6_d_; morocco, by +Hayday, 45s.; Proof impressions, 63s. [On Friday next. + +XV. + +JAMES MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS. New Edition, complete in One Volume; +with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.; morocco, 21s. + +XVI. + +SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. By "The SPECTATOR" With Notes, &c., by W.H. WILLS; +and Twelve fine Woodcuts from designs by FREDERICK TAYLER. Crown 8vo. 15s.; +morocco, by Hayday, 27s. + +XVII. + +VILLA VEROCCHIO; or, the YOUTH of LEONARDO DA VINCI: a Tale. By the late +DIANA LOUISA MACDONALD. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. + +XVIII. + +The HUNTING FIELD. By HARRY HIEOVER. With Two Plates, "The Right Sort," and +"The Wrong Sort." Fcap. 8vo. 5s. + +XIX. + +Gleig's School Series. + +FIRST BOOK OF HISTORY--ENGLAND. Complete in Two Parts. Forming the first +Work Of a New School Series, edited by the Rev. G.R. GLEIG, M.A. 18mo. in +Two Parts, price 1s. each. + +"These little books are not only good in themselves, but promise a whole +crop of goodness in educational literature.... The present _History of +England_ is a sample and a very good one,--clear, comprehensive, and +conveying knowledge."--_Spectator._ + +*** The Prospectus may be had on application to Messrs. Longman and Co., +and of all Booksellers. + +London + +Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. + + * * * * * + +{455} Committee for the Repair of the TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER. + + JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A. + J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A. + PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A. + THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A. + SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.II. + JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A. + HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A. + SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A. + +The Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering into +irretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect +repair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit to the +subscription; they themselves, have opened the list with a contribution +from each of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready to receive any +amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may +be kind enough to remit to them. + +Subscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, and +Shaftesbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon, Pres. Soc. Antiq., The Lords +Braybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and gentlemen. + +Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the +Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at the +Charing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46. +Parliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. Holy-Well +Street, Millbank. + + * * * * * + +Published this day, + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE, NATIONAL EDITION. + +Published in Fortnightly Parts, price 1s. each. And Monthly Sections, price +2s. 6d. each. + +Part IV., containing "King John," and Section II., containing "Love's +Labour's Lost," and "King John," with a portion of the "Biography" and the +"Studies." + +LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET, + +And sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country; on application to whom may +be obtained Descriptive Catalogue of the Publications issued by CHARLES +KNIGHT. + + * * * * * + +Periodicals for December. + +PENNY MAPS.--Part 5. Containing Four Maps in a Wrapper. Price 41/2d. plain, +or 81/2d. coloured. + +THE DALTONS; or, THREE ROADS IN LIFE. By CHARLES LEVER. No. 8. Price 1s. +Illustrated by PHIZ. + +THE BARONIAL HALLS. No. IX. Price 2s. 6d. Re-issue in super-royal 4to. + +THE JOURNAL of DESIGN and MANUFACTURES. No. 22. Price 1s. With numerous +Fabric Patterns and Illustrations. + +WORKS OF SIR E. BULWER LYTTON, Bart. Cheap Edition. Part 41. Price 7d. + +BECK'S FLORIST AND GARDEN MISCELLANY. No. 24. Price 1s. With a coloured +Illustration and Woodcuts. + +NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE. NO. 360. Price 3s. 6d. Edited by W. HARRISON +AINSWORTH, Esq. + +AINSWORTH'S MAGAZINE. NO. 107. Price 2s. 6d. + +London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 186. Strand. + + * * * * * + +EPISTOLAE OBSCURORUM VIRORUM alia que Aevi XVI monimenta rarissima. Edited +by E. Muench (the best edition, published at l0s. 6d.). offered at 5s., or +6s. free by post. + +GRAFF'S ALTHOCHDEUTSCHER SPRACHSCHATZ, Woerterbuch der Althochdeutscher +Sprache mit Index von Massmann, 7 vols, 4to. (published at 7l.) offered at +3l. 3s. carriage free. + +A small number of copies of the above valuable works are offered at the +above prices by WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + +Just completed and ready for delivery. + +GOTHIC ORNAMENTS. By J.K. COLLING, Architect, in 2 vols. royal 4to., price +7l. 10s. in appropriate _[book details not legible]_ Gothic Cathedrals and +Churches of the Middle Ages. The work may be also had in numbers, price +3s., or in parts, together or separately. Parts 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, at +1l. 1s. each; part 4, at 10s. and part 8, at 12s. + +"'The Gothic Ornaments' constitutes a gorgeous work, illustrated by gold +and colour, giving correct ideas of the magnificence of the original +examples of which the unilluminated works afford but a scanty +conception."--_Civil Engineer and Architects' Journal_, Aug. 1849. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 1l. 16s. Vols. I and II. illustrated with many +Engravings on Wood and Copper. + +THE CHURCH OF OUR FATHERS; or, St. Osmond's Rite for the Church of +Salisbury. From a Manuscript in the Library of that Cathedral. Printed for +the first time, and elucidated with Dissertations on the belief and Ritual +of the Church in England, before and after the coming of the Normans. By +DANIEL ROCK, D.D., and Canon of the English Chapter. Vol. III. at Press. + +Also, price 3s. 6d., in Octavo. + +DID THE EARLY CHURCH IN IRELAND ACKNOWLEDGE THE POPE'S SUPREMACY? Answered +in a Letter to Lord John Manners, from DANIEL ROCK, D.D. + +London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price Half-a-Crown, + +JUNIUS AND HIS WORKS COMPARED with the Character and Writings of Phillip +Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield. by WILLIAM CHAMP, Author of "The +Philosophy of Language." + +London: HOPE & CO., Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street + + * * * * * + +TO GENTLEMEN ABOUT TO PUBLISH. + +HOPE AND CO., Publishers., 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, undertake +the PRINTING and PUBLISHING of BOOKS and PAMPHLETS greatly under the usual +charges. The works are got up in the best style, and tastefully and +economically bound. Every attention is also paid to the publishing +department. A specimen pamphlet of bookwork, with prices, a complete +Author's Guide, sent post free for 4d. + +Gentlemen will save nearly one half by employing Hope and Co. + + * * * * * + +JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publie a Londres.--Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, fonde en +1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numero les nouvelles de la +semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de Paris, la Semaine +Dramatique par Th. Gautier on J. Janin, la Revue de Paris par Pierre +Durand, et reproduit en entier les romans, nouvelles, etc., en vogue par +les premiers ecrivains de France. Prix 6d. + +London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane. + + * * * * * + +Nearly ready, price, neatly bound in Cloth 3s.; With gilt edges in Roan +Tuck, as Pocket-Book 5s.; with gilt edges, in Morocco Tuck, as Pocket-Book +6s. 6d. + +WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY and ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, for the Year of +our Lord 1851, containing an Almanack and Diary, with a variety of +Information useful to the Clergy, compiled from the best Sources. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + * * * * * + +{456} PUBLICATIONS OF W. PICKERING, 177. PICCADILLY, + +DR. RICHARDSON'S DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, combining Explanation +with Etymology, and Illustrated by Quotations from the best Authorities. +The Words with those of the same Family in German, Dutch, and Swedish, or +in Italian, French, and Spanish, are traced to their Origin. The +Explanations are deduced from the Primitive Meaning through their various +usages. The Quotations are arranged Chronologically from the earliest +Period to the beginning of the present Century. 2 vols. 4to., reduced to +4l. + +Abridged in One thick volume octavo, Third Edition, reduced to 15s. + +A NEW DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE, to which is affixed a Grammatical +and Etymological Examination, adapted to the Dictionary. + +EARLY ENGLISH POETRY. Edited by THOMAS WRIGHT. Printed in the Black Letter. +4 vols 16mo. half-bound morocco, 1l. + +Containing--I. The Turnament of Tottenham. The Feest, a Sequel to the same +Poem.--II. The Nutbrowne Maid.--The Tale of the Basin, and that of the +Frere and the Boy, two early Ballads of Magic.--IV. Songs and Carols from a +MS. in the British Museum. + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES, with an Essay on his Language and +Versification, an Introductory Discourse, and Glossary, by THOMAS TYRWHITT. +5 vols. crown 8vo. with a Portrait, and an Engraving of the celebrated +Pilgrimage, by STOTHARD, 2l. 12s. 6d. + +CHAUCER'S ROMAUNT of the ROSE, TROILUS and CRESEIDE, &c., with Life by SIR +HARRIS NICOLAS, 3 vols. crown 8vo. 1l. 11s. 6d. + +*** A Supplement to Tyrwhitt's Edition of Chaucer, which completes the +Poetical Works. + +EARLY ENGLISH DRAMATISTS, Edited by the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE, uniformly +printed in crown 8vo. viz.:-- + +GREENE, 2 vols. 2ls. PEELE. 3 vols. 1l. 11s. 6d. KIT MARLOWE, 3 vols. 1l. +11s. 6d. The third vol. of PEELE may be had separately, price 10s. 6d. + +HESPERIDES, or the Works both Humane and Divine of ROBERT HERRICK, Esq., 2 +vols. fcp. 8vo. with Portrait, 12s. + +PIERS PLOUGHMAN'S VISION AND CREDE, newly imprinted from a MS. in Trinity +College, Cambridge, edited with Notes and a Glossary, by THOMAS WRIGHT, +Esq., 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 1l. 1s. + +THE POEMS OF BEOWULF, AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, with a copious Glossary, by +JOHN M. KEMBLE, Esq. Fcp. 8vo. 15s. + +BEOWULF, an Epic Poem, translated from the Anglo-Saxon into English Verse, +by A. DIEDRICH WACKER-BARTH, A.B. Fcp. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +THE POETICAL ROMANCES of TRISTAN, in French, in Anglo-Norman, and in Greek. +Composed in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Edited by FRANCISQUE +MICHEL. 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 1l. 10s. + +CHARLEMAGNE'S TRAVELS TO CONSTANTINOPLE and JERUSALEM: a Norman-French Poem +of the Twelfth Century, now first printed from the original MS. in the +British Museum. Edited by F. MICHEL. Fcp. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +CONQUEST OF IRELAND an Early Anglo-Norman Metrical History of the Conquest +of Ireland, from a MS. at Lambeth. Edited by FRANCISQUE MICHEL. Fcp. 8vo. +10s. 6d. + +MASTER WACE HIS CHRONICLE of the NORMAN CONQUEST, from the ROMAN DE ROU, by +EDGAR TAYLOR, F.A.S., with wood cuts, 8vo. 1l. 8s. The PLATES SEPARATELY, +coloured after the originals, 8vo. 1l. 1s. + +ANCIENT FRAGMENTS of the Phoenician, Chaldean, Egyptian, and other Writers, +Greek and English, with an Introductory Dissertation, by ISAAC PRESTON +CORY. 8vo., Second Edition, 1l. 1s. + +THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR PHILIP SIDNEY and HUBERT LANGUET, now first +collected and translated from the Latin. With Notes and an introduction, by +the Rev. S. A. PEARS, M.A., Fellow of C.C.C. Oxford. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +A MANUAL OF BRITISH HISTORIANS, comprising An Account of the Monkish +Writers, Early Chroniclers, and the Collections in which they are printed, +with the Period of each History, and when the Writer flourished. By WM. D. +MACRAY, of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 8vo. 9s. + +CRITICK OF PURE REASON, translated from the Original of IMMANUEL KANT, with +Notes and Explanation of Terms, by FRANCIS HAYWOOD. Second Edition, 8vo. +18s. + +AN ANALYSIS OF KANT'S CRITICK OF PURE REASON. By the Translator of that +Work. 8vo. 6s. + +A GUIDE to the STUDY OF HERALDRY, by J.A. MONTAGU, Esq., of Magdalen +College, Cambridge, in 4to., with numerous wood-cuts, 18s. + +A DISPLAY of HERALDRY by WILLIAM NEWTON. Numerous Woodcuts, 8vo. 14s. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St Bride in the city of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 30. 1850. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 57, November +30, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + +***** This file should be named 15405.txt or 15405.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/0/15405/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/15405.zip b/15405.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc58ff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/15405.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5169ce8 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #15405 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15405) |
