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diff --git a/15405.txt b/15405.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2bef44 --- /dev/null +++ b/15405.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3115 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 18, 2005 [EBook #15405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +{433} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 57.] +SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- + Portrait of Cardinal Beaton 433 + On the Pointing of a Passage in "All's Well that Ends + Well" by A. Roffe 434 + Folk-Lore:--The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet + --Power of prophesying before Death--Change in the + Appearance of the Dead--Strange Remedies--Mice + as a Medicine--Omens from Birds 434 + Mode of computing Interest 435 + On the Cultivation of Geometry in Lancashire 436 + Minor Notes.--Sermon's Pills--An Infant Prodigy-- + A Hint for Publishers--"He who runs may read"-- + The Rolliad--The Conquest 438 + + QUERIES:-- + Bibliographical Queries 440 + Minor Queries.--Dr. Timothy Thruscross--Echo + Song--Meaning of Thwaites--Deus Justificatus-- + Death by Burning--Irish Bull--Farquharson's + Observations on Aurorae--Defender of the Faith-- + Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Roman Churches-- + Dandridge the Painter--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve-- + John o'Groat's House--Dancing the Bride to + Bed--Duke and Earl of Albermarle 441 + + REPLIES:-- + Julin, the Drowned City 443 + Nicholas Ferrar and the so-called Arminian Nunnery of + Little Gidding 444 + Vineyards 446 + Treatise of Equivocation, by J. Sansom 446 + Riots in London 446 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Osnaburg Bishoprick-- + Death of Richard II.--Scottish Prisoners sold to + Plantations--Lachrymatories--Querela Cantabrigiensis-- + "Then" for "than."--Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception-- + Letters of Horning--Dr. Euseby Cleaver--Mrs. Partington--"Never + did Cardinal bring good to England"--Florentine Edition of the + Pandects--Master John Shorne--"Her Brow was + Fair"--Dodd's Church History--Blackwall Docks-- + Wives of Ecclesiastics--Stephens' Sermons--Saying + of Montaigne--Scala Coeli--Red Hand 447 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales Catalogues, &c. 453 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 453 + Notices to Correspondents 454 + Advertisements 454 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +PORTRAIT OF CARDINAL BEATON. + +A portrait of this eminent Man was engraved by Pennant, from a picture at +Holyrood House, in Part II. of his _Tour in Scotland_, p. 243. 4to. Lond. +1776. Lodge has an engraving from the same portrait in his collection of +_Illustrious Personages_. This is a strange circumstance; because, when +Pinkerton was about to include this portrait in his collection, Pennant +wrote to him, on 30th April, 1796, as follows: + + "Give me leave to say, that I suspect the authenticity of my Cardinal + Beaton. I fear it is Cardinal Falconer or Falconieri. I think there is + a genuine one somewhere in Scotland. It will be worth your while to + inquire if there be one, and engrave it, and add my suspicions, which + induce you do it."--Pinkerton's _Correspondence_, vol. i. p. 402. 8vo. + Lond. 1830. + +Pinkerton made inquiry, and on Dec. 1st, 1797, writes to the Earl of +Buchan: + + "Mr. Pennant informs me the Cardinal Beaton is false. It is, indeed, + too modern. A real Beaton is said to exist in Fife."--Pinkerton's + _Correspondence_, vol. ii. p. 17. + +Lord Buchan writes to him that Mr. Beaton, of Balfour, believes himself to +have a genuine portrait of the Cardinal, and offers it for engraving. The +authenticity of this portrait, however, appears not to have been +established, and it was not engraved. Another was found at Yester, and was +at first concluded to be a genuine original: but Lady Ancram soon +discovered that it possessed no marks of originality, but might be a good +copy: it was, however, certainly _not_ one of the six cardinals purchased +by the third Earl of Lothian. Finally, it was rejected altogether. A copy +of a portrait from the Vatican was also rejected as undoubtedly spurious. +It appears, therefore, that Pinkerton, in this case at least, exercised +caution in the selection of his subject for engraving, so far as concerned +authenticity. His criticism, that the Holyrood House portrait is "too +modern," will be agreed in by all who will take the trouble to compare the +portrait in Lodge with undoubted portraits of the time: the style is too +modern by a hundred years. But the portrait is of a man upwards of sixty +years old: Beaton was murdered in 1546, in the fiftieth year of his age. +The portrait is of a dark haired man without beard. + +I now come to a portrait of Beaton which there appears reason to think is +genuine, and I beg the favour of your correspondents to give me any +information in their power regarding it. This portrait is in the Roman +Catholic College at Blairs, near Aberdeen. It was in the Scotch College at +Rome down to the period of the French occupation of that city in 1798, and +formed part of the plunder {434} from that college. It was subsequently +discovered in a sale-room by the late Abbe Macpherson, rector of the same +college, who purchased it and sent it to Blairs, where it has been for, +now, a good many years. That it is a portrait of Beaton's time is certain; +but the artist is unknown, and the picture has sustained damage. It is +attributed, by a competent judge, who has himself painted two careful +copies of it, to Titian, not only from its general style and handling, but +from certain peculiarities of canvas, &c., on which latter circumstances, +however, he does not lay much stress, taking them only as adminicles in +proof. The portrait is a half-length, about 2 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft.: it is +that of a fresh-coloured, intellectual man, of forty-five or upwards; hazel +eyes; hair slightly reddish, or auburn, just becoming tinged with grey; a +thin small beard; costume similar to that of Holbein's Cardinal Wolsey, in +the hall of Christchurch, Oxford. It bears this inscription, painted at the +bottom of the portrait, and over the original finished painting, and +therefore of a subsequent date: + + "David Betonius, S.R.E., Card. Archiep. S. Andreae in Scotia, ab + Hostibus Fidei Barbare Trucidatus." + +Beaton was elected to the Cardinalate in Dec. 1538; did he visit Rome after +that? He was at all events in Paris. The Scotch College at Rome was a +natural habitat for a portrait of a Scottish churchman so famous as +Cardinal Beaton, and it would be strange indeed if they had not one of him +where they affected a collecion of portraits of British prelates. I propose +to have this portrait engraved, if its probable authenticity cannot be +shaken. Did Pinkerton engrave any portrait of Beaton? There is none in my +copies of his _Iconographia Scotica_, 1797, and his _Scottish Gallery_, +1799. These contain several duplicates; but it is rare to meet with copies +that can be warranted perfect. If the portrait be published, it will +probably be accompanied by a short memoir, correcting from authentic +documents some of the statements of his biographers: any information either +as to the portrait or his life will be thankfully acknowledged. One or two +letters from Lord Buchan, on the subject of Scottish Portraits, appeared in +the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxv., but not relating to this particular +one. + +SCOTUS. + + * * * * * + +ON THE POINTING OF A PASSAGE IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL." + + _Lafeu._ "They say miracles are past: and we have our philosophical + persons, to make modern and familiar, things, supernatural and + causeless."--Act ii. Scene 3. + +So the passage is pointed in Johnson and Steevens, that is, with a comma +after the word "things;" and the same pointing is used in the recent +editions of Mr. Knight, Barry Cornwall, and Mr. Collier. + +It occurred to me that this pointing gave a meaning quite out of harmony +with what directly follows, and also with the spirit in which Lafeu speaks. +Let the comma be placed after "familiar", and the whole passage be read +thus: + + _Lafeu._ "They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical + persons to make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless. + Hence is it, that we make trifles of terrors; ensconcing ourselves into + seeming knowledge, when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear." + +Lafeu apparently is speaking somewhat sarcastically of those who say +miracles are past, and who endeavour to _explain away_ the wonderful into +something common and well-known. Subsequently I found that Mr. Coleridge, +in his _Literary Remains_ (vol. ii. p. 121.), had adduced the +above-mentioned passage, placing the comma after "familiar." He does not, +however, make any observation on the other pointing; but remarking, that +Shakspeare often uses "modern" for "common," proceeds thus: + + "Shakspeare, inspired, as it might seem, with all knowledge, here uses + the word _causeless_ in its strict philosophical sense; cause being + truly predicable only of _phenomena_,--that is, things natural, and not + of _noumena_, or things supernatural." + +It is, perhaps, rather curious, that although Mr. Collier, in his note on +Lafeu's speech, has quoted the above from Mr. Coleridge, the improved +pointing should have escaped that gentleman's notice. + +Looking into Theobald's _Shakspeare_, I find that he also had placed the +comma as Mr. Coleridge has. Mr. Theobald adds this note: + + "This, as it has hitherto been printed, is directly opposite to our + poet's and his speaker's meaning. As I have stopped it, the sense + quadrates with the context: and surely it is one unalterable property + of philosophy to make seeming strange and preternatural phenomena + familiar and reducible to cause and reason." + +Does not Mr. Theobald, in his closing remark, turn what in Lafeu is really +an ironical outburst on _would-be_ philosophers, into something like a +serious common-place? + +A. ROFFE. + +Query, In a work entitled _Philosophy of Shakspeare_, by W.H. Roukin, +Lafeu's speech is quoted, and one word changed; "_and_ we have our +philosophical persons," &c., becomes "_yet_ we have," &c. Is there any +authority for such a change? + +A.R. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet._--On Sunday evening, the 20th +Oct., the moon had a {435} very fine ring round it, which apparently was +based near the horizon, and spread over a considerable area of the heavens. +This was noticed by myself and others as we returned home from church; and +upon my mentioning it to my man-servant, who is a countryman, he said he +had been noticing it, and that it reminded him of the old saying, "the +bigger the ring, the nearer the wet." On the next day, however, it was fine +and windy, and my faith began to be shaken as to the truth of the saying; +but the almost incessant rain of the four or five subsequent days fully +proved its correctness. + +J.A. + +_Power of prophesying before Death._--To the passages on this subject +lately supplied by your correspondents (Vol. ii., pp. 116. 196.) may be +added the following from Tertullian, _De Anima_, c. 53. (vol. ii. col. +741., ed. Migne, Paris, 1844): + + "Evenit saepe animam in ipso divortio potentius agitari, sollicitiore + obtutu, extraordinaria loquacitate, dum ex majori suggestu, jam in + libero constituta, per superfluum quod adhuc cunctatur in corpore + enuntiat quae videt, quae audit, quae incipit nosse." + +J.C.R. + +_Change in the Appearance of the Dead._--A woman near Maidstone, who had +had much experience as a sick-nurse, told me some years ago that she had +always noticed in corpses a change to a more placid expression on the third +day after death; and she supposed this to be connected with our Lord's +resurrection. I omitted to ask her whether the belief were wholly the +result of her own observation, or whether it had been taught her by others, +and were common among her neighbours. + +J.C.R. + +_Strange Remedies._--I find some curious prescriptions in an old book +entitled _The Pathway to Health,_ &c. (I will not trouble you with the full +title), "by Peter Levens, Master of Arts in Oxford, and Student in Physick +and Chirurgery."... "Printed for J.W., and are to bee sold by Charles Tym, +at the Three Bibles on London Bridge, MDCLXIV." The first is a charm + + _For all manner of falling evils._--Take the blood of his little finger + that is sick, and write these three verses following, and hang it about + his neck: + + '_Jasper fert Mirrham, Thus Melchior Balthazar Aurum,_ + _Haec quicum secum portat tria nomina regum,_ + _Soleitur a morbo, Domini pietate, caduca.'_ + +and it shall help the party so grieved." + +"_For a man or woman that is in a consumption._--Take a brasse pot, and +fill it with water, and set it on the fire, and put a great earthen pot +within that pot, and then put in these parcels following:--Take a cock and +pull him alive, then flea off his skin, then beat him in pieces; take dates +a pound, and slit out the stones, and lay a layer of them in the bottom of +the pot, and then lay a piece of the cock, and upon that some more of the +dates, and take succory, endive, and parsley roots, and so every layer one +upon another, and put in fine gold and some pearl, and cover the pot as +close as may bee with coarse dow, and so let it distill a good while, and +so reserve it for your use till such time as you have need thereof." + +I could select some exceedingly ludicrous prescriptions (for the book +contains 400 pages), but the most curious unfortunately happen to be the +most indelicate. Besides this, I am afraid the subject is scarcely worthy +of much space in such an important and useful work as "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + +Abridge, Essex. + +_Mice as a Medicine_ (Vol. i., p. 397.).--An old woman lately recommended +an occasional roast mouse as a certain cure for a little boy who wetted his +bed at night. Her own son, she said, had got over this weakness by eating +three roast mice. I am told that the Faculty employ this remedy, and that +it has been prescribed in the Oxford Infirmary. + +J.W.H. + +_Omens from Birds._--It is said that for a bird to fly into a room, and out +again, by an open window, surely indicates the decease of some inmate. Is +this belief local? + +J.W.H. + + * * * * * + +MODE OF COMPUTING INTEREST. + +The mode of computing interest among the ancient Greeks appears to have +been in many respects the same as that now prevailing in India, which has +probably undergone no change from a very remote period. Precisely the same +term, too, is used to denote the rate of interest, namely, [Greek: tokos] +in Greek and _taka_ or _tuka_ in the languages of Western India. [Greek: +Tokoe epidekatoi] in Greek, and _dus take_ in Hindostanee, respectively +denote _ten per cent_. At Athens, the rate of interest might be calculated +either by the month or by the year--each being expressed by different terms +(Boeckh. _Pub. Econ. of Athens_, i. 165.). Precisely the same system +prevails here. _Pono taka_, that is, three quarters of a _taka_, denotes 3/4 +per cent. _per month_. _Nau take_, that is, nine _take_, denotes nine per +cent. _per annum_. For the Greek mode of reckoning interest by the month, +see Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, p. 524. At Athens, +the year, in calculating interest, was reckoned at 360 days (Boeckh, i. +183.). Here also, in all native accounts-current, the year is reckoned at +360 days. + +The word [Greek: tokos], as applied to interest, was understood by the +Greeks themselves to be derived from [Greek: tikto], "to produce," _i.e._ +money begetting money; the offspring or produce of money lent out. Whether +its identity may not be established with the word in current use for +thousands of years in this country to express precisely the same meaning, +is a question I should like to see discussed {436} by some of your +correspondents. The word _taka_ signifies any thing _pressed_ or _stamped_, +anything on which an impression is made hence _a coin_; and is derived from +the Sanscrit root _tak_, to press, to stamp, to coin: whence, _tank_, a +small coin; and _tank-sala_, a mint; and (query) the English word _token_, +a piece of stamped metal given to communicants. Many of your readers will +remember that it used to be a common practice in England for copper coins, +representing a half-penny, penny, &c., stamped with the name of the issuer, +and denominated "tokens," to be issued in large quantities by shopkeepers +as a subsidiary currency, and received at their shop in payment of goods, +&c. May not _ticket_, defined by Johnson, "a _token_ of any right or debt +upon the delivery of which admission is granted, or a claim acknowledged," +and _tick_, score or trust, (to go on _tick_), proceed from the same root? + +J.S. + +Bombay. + + * * * * * + +ON THE CULTIVATION OF GEOMETRY IN LANCASHIRE. + +If our Queries on this subject be productive of no other result than that +of eliciting the able and judicious analysis subsequently given by MR. +WILKINSON (Vol. ii., p. 57.), they will have been of no ordinary utility. +The silent early progress of any strong, moral, social, or intellectual +phenomenon amongst a large mass of people, is always difficult to trace: +for it is not thought worthy of record at the time, and before it becomes +so distinctly marked as to attract attention, even tradition has for the +most part died away. It then becomes a work of great difficulty, from the +few scattered indications in print (the books themselves being often so +rare[1] that "money will not purchase them"), with perhaps here and there a +stray letter, or a metamorphosed tradition, to offer even a probable +account of the circumstances. It requires not only an intimate knowledge of +the subject-matter which forms the groundwork of the inquiry, both in its +antecedent and cotemporary states, and likewise in its most improved state +at the present time; it also requires an analytical mind of no ordinary +powers, to separate the necessary from the probable; and these again from +the irrelevant and merely collateral. + +MR. WILKINSON has shown himself to possess so many of the qualities +_essential_ to the historian of mathematical science, that we trust he will +continue his valuable researches in this direction still further. + +It cannot be doubted that MR. WILKINSON has traced with singular acumen the +manner in which the _spirit_ of geometrical research was diffused amongst +the operative classes, and the class immediately above them--the exciseman +and the country schoolmaster. Still it is not to be inferred, that even +these classes did not contain a considerable number of able geometers +anterior to the period embraced in his discussion. The Mathematical Society +of Spitalfields existed more than half a century before the Oldham Society +was formed. The sameness of pursuit, combined with the sameness of +employment, would rather lead us to infer that geometry was _transplanted_ +from Spitalfields to Manchester or Oldham. Simpson found his way from the +country to London; and some other Simpson as great as Thomas (though less +favourably looked upon by fortune in furnishing stimulus and opportunity) +might have migrated from London to Oldham. Or, again, some Lancashire +weaver might have adventured to London (a very common case with country +artisans after the expiration of apprenticeship); and, there having +acquired a taste for mathematics, as well as improvement in his mechanical +skill, have returned into the country, and diffused the knowledge and the +tastes he took home with him amongst his fellows. The very name betokens +Jeremiah Ainsworth to have been of a Lancashire family. + +But was Ainsworth really the earliest mathematician of his district? Or, +was he merely the first that made any figure in print as a correspondent of +the mathematical periodicals of that day? This question is worthy of MR. +WILKINSON's further inquiry; and probably some light may be thrown upon it +by a careful examination of the _original_ Ladies' and Gentleman's Diaries +of the period. In the reprints of these works, only the names, real or +assumed, of those whose contributions were actually printed, are +inserted--not the list of all correspondents. + +Now one would be led to suppose that the study of mathematics was +peculiarly suited to the daily mode of life and occupation of these men. +Their employment was monotonous; their life sedentary; and their minds were +left perfectly free from any _contemplative_ purpose they might choose. +Algebraic investigation required writing: but the weaver's hands being +engaged he could not write. A diagram, on the contrary, might lie before +him, and be carefully studied, whilst his hands and feet may be performing +their functions with an accuracy almost instinctive. Nay more: an +exceedingly complicated diagram which has grown up gradually as the result +of investigations successively {437} made, may be carried in the memory and +become the subject of successful peripatetic contemplation. On this point a +decided _experimental_ opinion is here expressed: but were further +instances asked for, they may be found in Stewart, Monge, and Chasles, all +of whom possessed this power in an eminent degree. Indeed, without it, all +attempts to study the geometry of space (even the very elements of +descriptive geometry, to say nothing of the more recondite investigations +of the science) would be entirely unproductive. It is, moreover, a power +capable of being acquired by men of average intellect without extreme +difficulty; and that even to the extent of "mentally seeing" the +constituent parts of figures which have never been exhibited to the eye +either by drawings or models. + +That such men, if once imbued with a love for geometry, and having once got +over the drudgery of elementary acquisition, should be favourably situated +for its cultivation, follows as a matter of course. The great difficulty +lay in finding sufficient stimulus for their ambition, good models for +their imitation, and adequate facilities for publishing the results at +which they had arrived. The admirable history of the contents of their +scanty libraries, given by MR. WILKINSON, leaves nothing more to be said on +that head; except, perhaps, that he attributes rather more to the +_influences_ of Emerson's writings than I am able to do.[2] As regards +their facilities for publication, these were few, the periods of +publication being rarely shorter than annual; and amongst so many +competitors, the space which could be allotted to each (even to "the best +men") was extremely limited. Yet, contracted as the means of publication +were, the spirit of emulation did something; from the belief that +_insertion was an admitted test of superiority_, it was as much an object +of ambition amongst these men to solve the "prize question" as it was by +philosophers of higher social standing to gain the "prize" conferred by the +_Academie des Sciences_, or any other continental society under the wing of +Royalty, at the same period. The prize (half a dozen or a dozen copies of +the work itself) was not less an object of triumph, than a Copley or a +Royal medal is in our own time amongst the philosophers of the Royal +Society. + +These men, from similarity of employment and inevitable contiguity of +position, were brought into intercourse almost of necessity, and the +formation of a little society (such as the "Oldham") the natural +result--the older and more experienced men taking the lead in it. At the +same time, there can be little doubt that the Spitalfields Society was the +pattern after which it was formed; and there can be as little doubt that +one or more of its founders had resided in London, and "wrought" in the +metropolitan workshops. Could the records of the "Mathematical Society of +London" (now in the archives of the Royal Astronomical Society) be +carefully examined, some light might be thrown upon this question. A list +of members attending every weekly meeting, as well as of visitors, was +always kept; and these lists (I have been informed) have been carefully +preserved. No doubt any one interested in the question would, upon +application to the secretary (Professor De Morgan), obtain ready access to +these documents. + +The preceding remarks will, in some degree, furnish the elements of an +answer to the inquiry, "_Why_ did geometrical speculation take so much +deeper root amongst the Lancashire weavers, than amongst any other classes +of artisans?" The subject was better adapted to the weaver's mechanical +life than any other that could be named; for even the other favourite +subjects, botany and entomology, required the suspension of their proper +employment at the loom. The formation of the Oldham Society was calculated +to keep alive the aspiration for distinction, as well as to introduce +novices into the arcanium of geometry. There was generous co-operation, and +there was keen competition,--the sure stimulants to eminent success. The +unadulterated love of any intellectual pursuit, apart from the love of fame +or the hope of emolument, is a rare quality in all stages of society. Few +men, however, seem to have realised Basil Montagu's idea of being governed +by "a love of _excellence_ rather than the pride of _excelling_," so +closely as the Lancashire geometers of that period--uncultivated as was the +age in which they lived, rude as was the society in which their lives were +passed, and selfish as the brutal treatment received in those days by +mechanics from their employers, was calculated to render them. They were +surrounded, enveloped, by the worst social and moral influences; yet, so +far as can now be gathered from isolated remarks in the periodicals of the +time, they may be held up as a pattern worthy of the imitation of the +philosophers of our own time in respect to the generosity and strict honour +which marked their intercourse with one another. + +Mathematicians seldom grow up solitarily in any locality. When _one_ +arises, the absence of all external and social incentives to the study can +only betoken an inherent propensity and constitutional fitness for it. Such +a man is too much in earnest to keep his knowledge to himself, or to wish +to stand alone. He makes disciples,--he aids, encourages, guides them. His +own researches are fully communicated; and this with a prodigality +proportioned to his own great resources. He feels no jealousy of +competition, and is always gratified by seeing others successful. Thus such +bodies of men are created in wonderfully short periods by the magnanimous +labours of one ardent {438} spirit. These are the men that found societies, +schools, sects; wherever one unselfish and earnest man settles down, there +we invariably find a cluster of students of his subject, that often lasts +for ages. Take, for instance, Leeds. There we see that John Ryley created, +at a later period, the Yorkshire school of geometers; comprising amongst +its members such men as Swale, Whitley, Ryley ("Sam"), Gawthorp, Settle, +and John Baines. This, too, was in a district in many respects very +analogous to Lancashire, but especially in the one to which the argument +more immediately relates:--it was a district of weavers, only substituting +wool for cotton, as cotton had in the other case been substituted for the +silk of Spitalfields. + +We see nothing like this in the agricultural districts; neither do we in +those districts where the ordinary manufacturing operations themselves +require the employment of the head as well as the hands and feet. With the +exception, indeed, of the schoolmaster, and the exciseman, and the +surveyor, there are comparatively few instances of persons whose employment +was not strictly sedentary having devoted their intellectual energies to +mathematics, independent of early cultivation. To them the subject was more +or less professional, and their devotion to it was to be expected--indeed +far more than has been realised. It is professional now to a larger and +more varied class of men, and of course there is a stronger body of +non-academic mathematicians now than at any former period. At the same time +it may be doubted whether there be even as many really able men devoted to +science purely and for its own sake in this country as there were a century +ago, when science wore a more humble guise. + +Combining what is here said with the masterly analysis which MR. WILKINSON +has given of the books which were accessible to these men, it appears that +we shall be able to form a correct view on the subject of the Lancashire +geometers. Of course documentary evidence would be desirable--it would +certainly be interesting too. + +To such of your readers as have not seen the mathematical periodicals of +that period, the materials for which were furnished by these men, it may be +sufficient to state that the "NOTES AND QUERIES" is conceived in the exact +spirit of those works. The chief difference, besides the usual +subject-matter, consists in the greater formality and "stiffness" of those +than of this; arising, however, of necessity out of the specific and rigid +character of mathematical research in itself, and the more limited range of +subjects that were open to discussion. + +The one great defect of the researches of those men was, that they were +conducted in a manner so desultory, and that the subjects themselves were +often so isolated, that there can seldom be made out more than a few +dislocated fragments of any one subject of inquiry whatever. Special +inquiries are prosecuted with great vigour and acumen; but we look in vain +for system, classification, or general principles. This, however, is not to +be charged to _them_ as a scientific vice, peculiarly:--for, in truth, it +must be confessed to be a vice, not only too common, but almost universal +amongst English geometers; and even in the geometry of the Greeks +themselves, the great object appears to have been "problem-solving" rather +than the deduction and arrangement of scientific truths. The modern French +geometers have, however, broken this spell; and it is not too much too hope +that we shall not be long ere we join them in the development of the +systems they have already opened; and, moreover, add to the list some +independent topics of our own. The chief dangers to which we are in this +case exposed are, classification with incomplete data, and drawing +inferences upon trust. It cannot be denied, at all events, that some of our +French cotemporaries have fallen into both these errors; but the abuse of a +principle is no argument for our not using it, though its existence (or +even possible existence) should be a strong incentive to caution. + +These remarks have taken a more general form than it is usual to give in +your pages. As, however, it is probable that many of your readers may feel +an interest in a general statement of a very curious intellectual +phenomenon, I am not without a hope that, though so far removed from the +usual topics discussed in the work, they will not be altogether +unacceptable or useless. + +PEN-AND-INK. + +[Footnote 1: Although at one period of our life we took great pains to make +a collection of the _periodicals_ which, during the last century, were +devoted wholly or partially to mathematics, yet we could never even +approximate towards completeness. It was not, certainly, from niggardly +expenditure. Indeed, it is doubtful whether a complete set exists, or could +even be formed now.] + +[Footnote 2: See _Philosophical Magazine_, Sept. 1850.] + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Sermon's Pills._--In Guizot's _Life of Monk, Duke of Albermarle_, +translated and edited by the present Lord Wharncliffe, it is stated (p. +313.) that when the Duke was suffering from the diseases which afterwards +proved fatal to him, + + "One of his neighbours, at New Hall, formerly an officer in his army, + mentioned to him certain pills said to be sovereign against the dropsy, + which were sold at Bristol by one Sermon, who had also served under his + orders in Scotland as a private soldier. This advice and remedy from + ancient comrades, inspired the old general with more confidence than + the skill of the physicians. He sent for Sermon's pills, and found + himself so much recovered by them for a time, that he returned to + London at the close of the summer." + +Having "found," in the newspapers of the day, the following paragraphs +illustrative of this passage in the great General's history, I think them +sufficiently interesting "to make a Note of." + + "London, July 13. 1669.--His Grace the Lord General, after a long and + dangerous distemper, is (God {439} be praised) perfectly recovered and + restored to his former health, to the Great rejoycing of their + Majesties and the whole court, by the assistance of one William Sermon, + of Bristol, whose pills have had that excellent success as to restore + him perfectly to his sleep and appetite, and wholly abate all the + symptoms of his disease. Yesterday his Grace, as being perfectly cured, + dismissed his physicians from their farther attendance." + + "London, July 17. 1669.--The 13th instant, Mr. William Sermon, the + practitioner in physick, who so happily performed that excellent cure + upon his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, was presented to His Majesty in + St. James's Park, where he had the honor to kiss His Majesty's hand, + and to receive his thanks for that good service." + + September 9. 1669.--"Advertisement: These are to give notice that + William Sermon, Dr. of Physick, a person so eminently famous for his + cure of his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, is removed from Bristol to + London, and may be spoken with every day, especially in the forenoon, + at his house in West Harding Street, in Goldsmith's Rents, near Three + Legged Alley, between Fetter Lane and Shooe Lane." + +Can any of your correspondents give an account of the subsequent career of +Dr. Sermon? + +[Greek: D] + +_An Infant Prodigy_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--There are parallel cases in the +hagioloists (_Hist. de l'Eglise Gallicane_, par Longueval, tom. iii. p. +430. 1782): + +"S. Amand apres cette mission etant repasse dans la Gaule, eut bientot +occasion de montrer l'intrepidite de son zele ... L'amour des femmes, +ecueil fatal des jeunes princes, fit en peu de temps oublier a Dagobert les +lecons qu'il avoit recues de S. Arnoux et de S. Cunibert. Il se livra a +cette passion avec tant de scandale, qu'il eut jusqu'a trois femmes a la +fois qui portoient le nom de reines, sans parler d'un grand nombre de +concubines ... + +"Amand, apres un assez long exil, 'refusa d'abord l'honneur de baptiser' +l'enfant de son maitre: 'mais les instances que le roi lui fit faire par +Ouen et Eloi firent ceder sa modestie a l'obeissance. L'enfant fut aussitot +apporte le saint eveque l'ayant pris entre ses bras, lui donna sa +benediction, et recita les prieres pour le faire catechumene. L'oraison +etant finie, comme personne ne repondoit, Dieu delia la langue du jeune +prince, qui n'avoit pas plus de quarante jours, et il repondit +distinctement _amen_.'" + +This happened in 630 at Orleans, and the holy abbot who attests the miracle +was present when it occurred. Had St. Amand learnt ventriloquism during his +missionary excursions? + +And now permit me to tell your correspondent CH. that Abp. Bramhall's Dutch +is quite correct. "Mevrouw" is still the title of empresses, queens +duchesses, Countesses, noble ladies, ministers of state's and other great +men's wives. + +G.M. + +Guernsey. + +_A Hint for Publishers._--Many, like myself, have no doubt experienced the +inconvenience of possessing early impressions of books, of which later +editions exist with numerous emendations and errata. + +Would it not be practicable for publishers to issue these emendations and +errata in a separate form and at a fair price, for the benefit of the +purchasers of the preceding editions? + +Were this plan generally adopted, the value of most books would be +materially enhanced, and people would not object, as they now do, to order +new publications. + +HERBERT. + +"_He who runs may read._"--There appeared in Vol. ii., p. 374., a new, and, +in my opinion, an erroneous, interpretation of part of ver. 2., chap. ii. +Habakkuk. It appears to me probable that a person reading the vision might +be struck with awe, and so "alarmed by it" as not to be able "to fly from +the impending calamity" in the way which your correspondent imagines. I +prefer Archbishop Newcome's explanation:--"Let the characters be so legible +that one who hastily passeth on may read them. This may have been a +proverbial expression." + +If you be pleased to insert this, readers may judge for themselves which is +the right interpretation. + +PLAIN SENSE. + +_The Rolliad._--The following memoranda relative to this word were given to +me by one who lived during the period of its publication, and was, it is +believed, himself a contributor. Wraxall, in his _Memoirs_, states that the +work was nearly all written by Richardson; this is not true. The principal +writers were Gen. Fitzpatrick, Lord John Townshend, Dr. Lawrence--he had +the chief control. They met in a room at Becket's, the bookseller; they had +a secretary and copyist. + +None of the contributions went to the newspaper in the original +handwriting. The _Morning Herald_ was the paper it is believed, in which +they first appeared, although that journal was on the eve of going over to +the opposite party. The "ode" to Wraxall, was written by Tickell, author of +"Anticipation.". + +W.A. + +November, 23. 1850. + +_The Rolliad._-- + +From _The Times_, about 1784. + + ROLLIAD. + + _Political Eclogues._ + + ROSE. + + Line 21. ed. 1795. + + "Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose, + How can you suppose + I'll be led by the nose, + In voting for those + You mean to propose, + Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose?" + +The above epigram is inserted in my copy of the Rolliad. + +Can any of your readers give the names of the {440} authors of the numerous +pieces in the second part of "Political Miscellanies." + +F.B.R. + +_The Conquest._--Permit me to point out the erroneous historical idea which +obtains in the use of this phrase. Acquisition out of the common course of +inheritance is by our legists called _perquisitio_, by the feudists +_conquisitio_, and the first purchaser (he who brought the estate into the +current family) the _conquereur_. The charters and chronicles of the age +thus rightly style William the Norman _conquisitor_, and his accession +_conquaestus_; but now, from disuse of the foedal sense, with the notion of +the forcible method of acquisition, we annex the idea of victory to +conquisition,--a title to which William never pretended. + +W.L. + +Twickenham. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. + +(_Continued from page 421._) + +(18.) What could have induced the accurate and learned Saxius (_Catal. Lib. +Mediol., edit._ p. DXC.) to give the name _Elucidarium_ to the first part +of the _Mariale_ of Bernardinus de Bustis? This writer, who has sometimes +erroneously been reputed a Dominican, and who is commemorated in the +Franciscan Martyrology on the 8th of May (p. 178.), derived his +denomination from his family, and not "from a place in the country of +Milan," as Mr. Tyler has supposed. (_Worship of the Virgin_, p. 41. Lond. +1846.) Elsewhere Saxius had said (_Hist. Typog.-Liter. Mediol._, col. +ccclii.) that the _Mariale_ was printed for the first time in 1493, and +dedicated to Pope Alexander VI.; and Argelati was led by him to consider +the _Elucidarium_ to be a distinct performance; and he speaks of the +_Mariale_ as having been published in 1494. (_Biblioth. Scriptor. Med._, +tom. i. p. ii. 245.) Unquestionably the real title assigned by the author +to the first part of his _Sermonarium_ or _Mariale_ was "PERPETUUM +SILENTIUM," and it was inscribed to Alexander's predecessor, Pope Innocent +VIII.; and, in conjunction with De Bustis's Office of the Immaculate +Conception of the Virgin Mary (sanctioned by a Brief of Pope Sixtus IV., +who in 1476 had issued the earliest pontifical decree in favour of an +innovation now predominant in the Church of Rome), was primarily printed +"Mli," that is, _Mediolani_, "per Uldericum scinzenzeler, Anno dni +M.cccc.lxxxxij" (1492). Wharton, Olearius, Clement, and Maittaire knew +nothing of this edition; and it must take precedence of that of Strasburg +named by Panzer (i. 47.). + +(19.) Can any particulars be easily ascertained relative to reprints of the +acts of the canonisation of the Seraphic Doctor in their original small +quarto shape? + +(20.) To whom should we attribute the rare tract entitled _Lauacrum +conscientie omnium sacerdotum_, which consists of fifty-eight leaves, and +was printed in Gothic letter at Cologne, "Anno post Jubileum quarto?" + +(21.) Where can information be met with as to the authorship of the +_Dialogus super Libertate Ecclesiastica_, between Hugo, Cato, and Oliver? +Fischer (_Essai sur Gutenberg_, 79.) traces back the first edition to the +year 1463; but I know the treatise only in the form in which it was +republished at Oppenheim in 1516. + +(22.) Who was the compiler or curator of the _Viola Sanctorum_? and can the +slightest attempt be made at verifying the signatures and numbers inserted +in the margin, and apparently relating to the MSS. from which the work was +taken? One of two copies before me was printed at Nuremberg in 1486, but +the other I believe to belong to the earliest impression. It is of small +folio size, in very Gothic type, perhaps of the year 1472, without date, +place, or name of printer, and is destitute of cyphers, catchwords, and +signatures. There are ninety-two leaves in the volume, and in each page +generally thirty-three (sometimes thirty-four, rarely thirty-five) lines. +(See Brunet, iii. 547.; Kloss, 280.; Panzer, i. 193.) + +(23.) By what means can intelligence be procured respecting "Doctor +Ulricus," the author of _Fraternitas Cleri_? A satisfactory reply to this +inquiry might probably be found in the _Bibl. Spenceriana_; but I have not +now an opportunity of determining this point. + +(24.) A question has been raised by Dr Maitland, from whose admirable +criticism nothing connected with literature is likely to escape, as to the +meaning of the letters "P.V." placed over a sudarium held by St. Peter and +St. Paul. (_Early printed Books in the Lambeth Library_, pp. 115. 368.) Any +person who has happened to obtain the _Vitas Patrum_, decorated with the +curious little woodcuts of which Dr. Maitland has carefully represented +two, will cheerfully agree with him in maintaining the excellence of the +acquisition. In a copy of this work bearing date 1520, eleven years later +than the Lambeth volume (_List_, p. 85.), the reverse of the leaf which +contains the colophon exhibits the same sudarium, in company with the words +"Salve sancta Facies." This circumstance inclines me to venture to ask +whether my much-valued friend will concur with me in the conjecture that +_Pictura Veronicae_ may be the interpretation of "P.V.?" Though the +pseudo-Archbishop of Westminster declared, in the simplicity of his heart +(_Letters to John Poynder, Esq._, p. 6.), that he had "never met" with the +sequence "quae dicitur in Missa Votiva _de Vultu Sancto_," doubtless some of +his newly-arrested subjects are {441} well aware that it exists, and that +its commencement (see Bona, iii. 144.) is,-- + + "Salve sancta Facies nostri Redemptoris, + In qua nitet species divini splendoris, + Impressa panniculo nivei candoris, + Dataque Veronicae signum ob amoris." + +R.G. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Dr. Timothy Thruscross._--What is known of the Rev. Dr. Timothy +Thruscross, Thirscross, or Thurscross? I am in possession of the very +little related by Wood, _Ath. Oxon. et Fasti_, Walker's _Sufferings of the +Clergy_, _Life of Barwich_, and the interesting notices scattered in +several parts of Sir H. Slingsby's _Diary_; but this only renders me +anxious for more, and I should be glad to receive other references. + +W. DN. + +_Echo Song._--_Meaning of Thwaites._--Would you be kind enough to insert +the inclosed poem as I am very desirous of being made acquainted with the +name of the writer. I expect, from various reasons, that it was written +about the year 1645:-- + + AN ECHO. + + "What wantst thou, that thou art in this sad taking? + _A King._ + What made him first remove hence his residing? + _Siding._ + Did any here deny him satisfaction? + _Faction._ + Tell me wherein the strength of faction lies? + _On Lies._ + What didst though when the king left his parliament? + _Lament._ + What terms wouldst give to gain his company? + _Any._ + What wouldst thou do if here thou mightst behold him? + _Hold him._ + But wouldst thou save him with they best endeavour? + _Ever._ + But if he come not, what become of London? + _Undone._" + +I also wish to know (if any of your readers will enlighten me I shall be +obliged) what is the meaning of the name "Thwaites." It is a very common +name, there being Thwaites, Thornthwaites, Hawthornthwaites, +Haythornthwaites, in abundance through all part of England. + +LLYD RHYS MORGAN. + +_Deus Justificatus._--Can any of your readers give any information +respecting the authorship of the book entitled:-- + + "Deus Justificatus, or the Divine Goodness vindicated and cleared, + against the Assertors of Absolute and Inconditionate Reprobation. + Together with some Refections on a late Discourse of Mr. Parkers + concerning the Divine Dominion and Goodness. London, 1668." 8vo. pp. + xxxii. 280. iii.? + +My copy (which has the autograph of Richard Claridge, the quaker) has +written on the title in an old hand "By H. Hallywell." In the _Biographia +Britannica_ vol. iv., p. 546., 2d edit., it is said to be by Ralph +Cudworth. If so, it has escaped Birch and the other editors of this +celebrated writer. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + +_Death by Burning_ (Vol. ii., p. 6.).--In the Mendip mining district in +Somersetshire, I am credibly informed that within seventy years a person +has been burned alive for stealing ore from the pit mouth. There must be +some old inhabitant who can attest this fact, and it would be desirable to +obtain its confirmation. + +J.W.H. + +_Irish Bull._--What is the exact definition of an Irish bull? When was the +term first applied to the species of blunder which goes by that name? + +GRIFFIN. + +_Farquharson's Observations on Aurorae._--A translation of the _Course of +Meteorology_, by Professor Kaenitz, of Halle, by Mr. C.V. Walker, was +published at London in 1845, in one volume 12mo. The work was written in +German, and afterwards translated into French, and the English work is +derived from the French translation. In p. 459. the following passage +occurs: + + "It is chiefly to the _shepherd_ Farquharson, at Alford, in + Aberdeenshire, that we are indebted for a long series of observations + on aurorae; and he endeavoured to prove that their height is + inconsiderable." + +Lower down it is said: + + "At the same time, _another Protestant minister_, Mr. James Paull, at + Tullynessle, four kilometres from Alford, saw that the aurora possessed + an unusual clearness in the zenith, so that its height did not perhaps + exeed 1300 metres." + +I have neither the original German work nor the French translation at hand +to refer to; but I have a strong suspicion that the word translated +_shepherd_ is _pasteur_, and that it is used to designate Mr. Farquharson +as _minister_ of Alford. + +L. + +_Smith's Vitae Eruditissimorum et Illustrium Virorum._--In his _Life of Sir +Peter Young_ he quotes _Ex Ephemeride Cl. V.D. Petri Junii_, but does not +say where it was preserved. This (so-called) _Ephemeris_ was written by Sir +Peter in his later years, partly perhaps from memory, partly from notes, +and, as might be expected, is not free from errors of date which admit of +correction from other sources. Smith, following Camden, places Easter +Seatown, Young's chief residence, in Lothian, whereas it is in Forfarshire, +about a mile from Arbroath, and was part of the property of the great Abbey +to which that town belonged. Is it known whether this _Ephemeris_ is +extant? and, if so, where? + +SCOTUS. + +{442} + +_Defender of the Faith._--In Banks' _Dormant and Extinct Baronage_, pp. +408-9., vol. iv., I find the following:-- + + "He ( Henry VIII.) was the first English monarch who obtained the title + of Defender of the Faith, which was conferred upon him by Pope Leo X., + for a book written by him against Martin Luther." + +To which the following note is subjoined:-- + + "But in a letter from Christopher Wren, Esq., to Francis Peek, M.A. + (author of the _Desiderata Curiosa_), it is thus stated, viz., 'that + King Henry VII. had the title of Defender of the Faith, appears by the + Register of the Order of the Garter in the black book, (sic dictum a + tegmine), now in my hands, by office, which having been shown to King + Charles I., he received with much joy; nothing more pleasing him than + that the right of that title was fixed in the crown long before the + Pope's pretended donation, to all which I make protestation to all + posterity.' [Greek: Autographo], hoc meo. Ita testor. Chr. Wren, a + memoria, et secretis Honoratissimi Ordinis. Wrexham, 4 March, 1736-7." + +In support of this note, I find in Chamberlayne's _Present State of +England_, 1669, p. 88., this statement: + + "Defender of the Faith was anciently used by the Kings of England, as + appears by several charters granted to the University of Oxford, &c." + +As the word _anciently_, I conceive, applies to a period anterior to 1521, +may I express a hope that some of your learned subscribers at Oxford will +favour your readers with the dates of the charters alluded to; and, if +possible, some information as to the circumstances which led to the +adoption of the title "Defender of the Faith" by the kings of England +previous to the reign of Henry VIII. + +ROBERT ANSTRUTHER, Lieut.-Col. + +Bayswater. + +_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--Where can I find good +authority on the calendar of Sundays in the Greek Church, and in the Roman? +As to the latter, the missals and directories only give the current year: +as to the former, there is no work I know of which gives anything. + +M. + +_Dandridge the Painter._--At Osterley Park (Lord Jersey's) is the only +example of the pencil of Dandridge, bearing his signature and the date +1741. + +Through neglect and the effect of time this able work has been dried up, so +that we may say-- + + "The wine of life is drawn, and nothing + Left but the mere lees:" + +but there's savour of merit and signs of goodly craft for the dark age of +its birth. In the group of three children of life-size we have a rare work +of the period when few men of genius wielded the brush or daubed canvas, +even through the inspiring patronage of a wealthy banker, whose progeny +they are--and this is executed too before academies and societies offered +their fostering aid, and when Hogarth struggled on probably side by side +with Dandridge. Some of your readers may have traces of him and of his +works, and may be able to trace his memory to the grave. All that Walpole +has of him is (p. 439.): + + "Son of a house painter; had great business from his felicity in taking + a likeness. He sometimes painted small conversations, but died in the + vigour of his age." + +QUESTOR. + +Athenaeum, Nov. 20. 1850. + +_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve._--Is the _portrait_ of Chaucer which +Occleve _drew_ in his translation of _Egidius de Roma_ to be found in _all_ +the MSS. of that work? and, if so, has it ever been engraved. I have not +Urry's _Chaucer_ by me, or perhaps he could save you the trouble of +answering the question. + +On reference to Watts, I find he does not even mention this work of +Occleve, but contents himself with a piece of supercilious criticism; +whereas the notices which Occleve takes of passing events (of which the +character of Chaucer is one) are at least valuable (although his poetry may +not be the best in the world), and his work is also valuable in giving us +the phraseology of the fourteenth century. + +P. + +_John o'Groat's House._--Does any authenticated view of the building called +_John o'Groat's House_ in Caithness exist, and are any traditions +respecting it known beyond the certainly ridiculous account in the fifth +volume of _Beauties of Scotland_, p.83.? + +Can any of your readers point out an engraving of the old _Konigs_ or +_Kaiserstuhl, at Rheuse_, on the Rhine, as well as of its restoration in +1848, after being destroyed by the hordes of revolutionary France, in 1792? +It is not in Merian or Zeiler. I have seen it, but cannot call to mind the +author. Perhaps _Alsatia Illustrata_? + +WILLIAM BELL, Phil. Dr. + +_Dancing the Bride to Bed_--_Old Hewson the Cobler._--I have a tune called +"_A round dance to dance the bride to bed_." Can any of your readers favour +me with notices of such a custom prevailing? The tune dates about 1630 or +earlier, and resembles that of "The Hunt is up." + +Another, printed about 1730, is called, "_My name is Old Hewson the +Cobler_." Is this a cavelier's song in ridicule of the Roundhead Colonel +Hewson; and are the words to be found? + +WM. CHAPPELL. + + [We trust these Queries may be regarded as a sign that Mr. Chappell is + preparing a new edition of his valuable collection of _National English + Airs_.--ED.] + +_Duke and Earl of Albemarle._--Albemarle has given a title of duke to the +celebrated General Monk, and that of earl to the family of Keppel. Will +some of your correspondents tell me where {443} there is any place called +Albemarle, which gives rise to these dignities, or why this title was +assumed by these families? + +J. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES. + +JULIN, THE DROWNED CITY. + +(Vol. ii., p. 282.) + +It does not at all follow, that if a city perished by the encroachment of +the sea, it was a very striking event at the time: it might have happened +gradually, not suddenly. Instances both ways seem to have occurred on the +shores of the German Ocean (see Lyell's _Principles of Geology_, ch. 16.). +A great flood happened in 1154 (Helmold, p. 216. b. ii. c. 1. s. 5.), but +it is mentioned with respect to the oceanic rivers only, and not as to the +Baltic, or destruction of houses or buildings. + +But was Julin drowned at all? Helmold does not say that it was (his account +is in Book i. c. 2. s. 5.); and he does say that it was not, but destroyed +by a certain Danish king. It is most inconceivable that he should not have +known who the Danish king was, if it happened in his own time. The passage +savours of much later interpolation. + +Koch, _Rivol._ vol. i. p. 280., states positively that Julin was Wollin, +and was destroyed by Waldemar I. in 1175, for which he seems to rely upon +Helmold, or at least his continuator, Arnold. Helmold himself died in 1170. + +Saxo Grammaticus lived at that time, and was probably well acquainted with +the events, since he was intimate with Archbishop Absolon, who took part in +them in a military as well as ecclesiastical sense. In p. 333. he says: + + "Waldemar the 1st, goes with a fleet through the month of the river + Zwina, then to the river which adjoins Julin and Camin, and has its + mouth divided into two. There was a long bridge joining the walls of + Julin. The king having landed 'ex adverso urbis in ripa Australi, + pontem disjici jussit.' The king cleared the way for his fleet; got to + an island Chrisztoa; crossed the river and went to Camin. He went out + to sea by that mouth." + +This is given very much at length. + +All this is the geography of the present day, and the names, if you read +Wollin for Julin. The Oder expands into a wide lake, shut off from the sea +by a bar of land, through which there are three channels. The Zwein is the +middle one of the three; that which passes by Wollin and Kimmin is the +eastern one. + +In p. 347. he says: + + "Rex ... classem ... Zuinsibus ostiis inserit, Julinique vacuas + defensoribus aedes, incendio adortus, rehabitatae urbis novitatem, + iterata penatium strage, consumpsit.... Juilinenses, cum urbis uae + recenses ruinas, ferendae obsidioni, inhabiles cernerent, perinde ac + viribus orbati, deserta patria, praesidium Caminense petiverunt, aliena + amplexi moenia, qui propria tueri diffiderent." + +In p. 359. he says: The king "per Suinam invectus, Julinum oppidum, +incolarum fuga desertam, incendio tentat." + +Saxo mentions Julin, p. 182-24.: "Nobilissimum illius provinciae oppidum," +under Harold Blatand, King of Denmark, who reigned in the latter half of +the ninth century. He put a body of troops into it, who became dreadful +pirates. + +In p. 225. he says that the Danes compelled them to give up their pirates, +who were punished. In p. 381., in the reign of Canute, son of Waldemar, +there is an expedition against the Julinenses, the result of which is +expressed "Julinensium rebus absumptis." + +In p. 382., the king sets out for Julin, but seems to have attacked only +Camin. Waldemar died in 1182, Canute, 1202 (Koch.) + +Arnold (b. iii. c. 8. s. 4.) speaks of the Sclavi as finally subdued and +made tributary, about 1185. + +In the notes to Saxo (p. 197.) there is a long extract about Wollinum, from +Chytraeus, a writer who lived 1530-1600, taken from the information of a +learned old man whose uncle was born there. He says he went there to see, +accompanied by many of the principal inhabitants, the remains of Julin, +destroyed in 1170 by Waldemar. Wollin he calls "mediocris civitas." From +the ruins, it had been more than a German mile round. Part of it was +"ineditiore paulum colle." He speaks of four montes, which had castles. He +says Wollin is "non aspernenda civitas," but not a thirtieth part of the +ancient size. + +C.B. + +I regret that my questioner V., from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 379.), should +have felt aggrieved that, upon his request for my story, I should have been +compelled to reply, in the words of the Ancient Mariner: + + "Story! bless you, sir, I have none to tell." + +As he seems, however, so assured that some account of the destruction of a +city of such opulence and renown as Vineta _must_ exist, I shall be +extremely happy to learn it from him. I can assure my friend V. that +neither Kanzow nor Microelius (who has, however, a plan of the stone +pavement of its streets at the bottom of the Baltic), nor Giesebrecht, in +his _Wendische Geschichten_ (Berlin, 1844, 3 vols. 8 vo.), know anything +beyond what I have stated. And as to a great port disappearing in the +ocean, without any cotemporary notice, the instances are frequent; as +remarkable a one as any occurs in our own island, and at a much later +period:--Ravenspur, which was a sea-port of the greatest importance, where +certainly Henry IV., and, as some say, Henry VII., landed from the opposite +continent, to claim and conquer their crowns, and where the father of De la +Pole, {444} Duke of Suffolk, was a merchant, is now so totally lost from +memory and the earth, that its very site is unknown, whether within the +Humber, or outside the Spurn; possibly where now the reef called Stony +Binks at the mouth of that aestuary is situated. + +So far, however, as an actual legend is concerned with the destruction of a +great emporium of commerce, I am happy I can supply your correspondent with +one, possibly the more acceptable as it is of another famous city, not very +remote from Vineta, and is not without relations belonging to the latter: I +allude to the town of Wisby, Visbuy, Visbye, Visburgum, on the island of +Gothland, of which the following account is found in an old Latin +description of Sweden: + + "Insulae unica civitas, olim potentia splendore et magnitudine celebris, + tantarum rerum jactura fracta in exiguos fines se contraxit et oppiduli + speciem refert, ut Jansonii Atlas docet. Arx prope portum satis valida. + Emporiis illis Pomeraniae clarissimis Wineta et Julin pessum euntibus, + Visbya inter omnia Regionum oppida floruit. (Olaus Magnus, l. 10. cap. + 16.) Licet urbs vetustissima Visbycensis potentissima ac opulentissima + quondam fuerit _et pro minima occasione, nempe fractionis unius + fenestralis vitri vix valoris obolaris, humiliata sit_, tamen leges + maritimae et decisiones omnium controversiarum singulariter longe + lateque observantur. Ex distructa autem Vineta Gothlandos incolas + marmor, ferrum, cuprum, stannum, argentum, et inter alia duas aenei + portas grandis ponderis petiisse, et secum in Gothlandum avexisse + ferunt." + +I need not remind your readers that the maritime code of Wisby even now +influences many of the most important decisions affecting our present +mercantile shipping, it having been the model of the Laws of the +Acquitanian Islands of Re and Oleron, which Richard I. ordered to be +observed in England, and which are still frequently acted on. It is, +however, to the notice which I have marked in Italics that I would call the +attention of V.,--the destruction of the city _on account of a small pane +of glass not the value of an obolus_: and as he, no doubt, has interested +himself on these northern histories, request him to explain the +circumstance more in detail. I myself have often determined on searching +Pontanus, and other ancient Danish authorities, but hitherto neglected, and +therefore know nothing about the matter. + +As to the gates, which are more especially mentioned amongst the spoils of +the ruined Wineta, we find them also noticed in the same work, at its +account of Wineta: + + "Urbem frequentabant Graeci aut potius Russi multarumque aliarum + nationum mercatores, quorum affluxus frequens civibus ingentes divitias + et facultates conciliavit: _adeo ut portae civitatis ex aere paratae_, et + argentum tam vulgare ibi esset ut ad communium et vilium rerum usum + adhibetur." + +To go, however, completely into the history of these gates would require a +volume. It would be necessary to commence with the great veneration for +gates in general throughout the north: whether the name of their great god +Thor (a gateway) is cause or consequence would have to be considered, and +his coincidence, in this respect, with Janus and Janua, the eldest deity of +the Italians, which I have more largely discussed in an _Essay on a British +Coin with the Head of Janus_, in the 21st No. of the Journal of the British +Archaeological Association. Next, the question would arise, whether these +gates have not been migratory, like those of Somnauth, which Mahmoud took +to Gazni from a similar principle of deeply-rooted ancient +veneration,--relics of sanctity rather than trophies of victory, and which +Lord Ellenborough was so unjustly ridiculed for endeavouring to restore. +Thirdly, therefore, also whether the famous gates of the cathedral of +Novogorod may not be identical with those which have successively adorned +Vineta's and Wisby's portals; and whether those which are still the +ornament of the west door of the cathedral of Hildesheim, (which, according +to the inscription which crosses their twenty scriptural bas-reliefs, were +cast by Bereward, the thirteenth bishop, in 1015), may not be an existing +and beautiful example; as is the bronze column, with the bas-reliefs of +passages of the New Testament winding round it, and placed in the same +cathedral close. It would not be too much to surmise, that even the +beautiful gate of the Florence baptistery are from the same atelier, as an +old Italian author sings: + + "O Germania gloriosa, + Tu vasa ex aurichalcis + Ad nos subinde mittes." + +WILLIAM BELL, Phil. D. + + * * * * * + +NICHOLAS FERRAR AND THE SO-CALLED ARMINIAN NUNNERY OF LITTLE GIDDING. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407.) + +Hearne, the antiquary, has preserved two curious documents relating to the +Little Gidding establishment in the Appendix to his Preface to _Peter +Langtoff's Chronicle_, Nos. IX. and X. See also _Thomae Caii Vindiciae_, vol. +ii. The most complete account of this remarkable man is that by Dr. +Peckard, formerly Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, entitled _Memoirs +of the Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, published in 1790, which has now become +extremely scarce, but has been reprinted by Dr. Wordsworth, in his +_Ecclesiastical Biography_, who has given in an Appendix an account of the +visit of the younger Nicholas Ferrar to London, from a MS. in the Lambeth +Library. The _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, by Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ely, came +into the hands of the celebrated Dr. Dodd, who published an abridgment +{445} of it in the _Christian Magazine_ of 1761. This account was again +republished, with additions, in 1837, entitled _Brief Memorials of Nicholas +Ferrar, Founder of a Protestant Religious Establishment at Little Gidding, +in Huntingdonshire_, by the Rev. T.M. Macdonogh, Vicar of Bovingdon. Some +further particulars of this family may be found in Barnabas Oley's preface +to _Herbert's Country Parson_, and in Bishop Hacket's _Life of Archbishop +Williams_. In _Baker's MSS._ (vol. xxxv. p. 389.) in the Public Library of +Cambridge, is an article entitled "Large Materials for writing the Life of +Mr. Nicholas Ferrar." Isaac Walton, in his _Life of George Herbert_, also +notices Ferrar, and describes minutely his mode of life at Little Gidding. +From an advertisement at the end of Francis Peck's _Memoirs of Cromwell_, +it appears that Peck had prepared for publication a _Life of Mr. Nicholas +Ferrar_, no doubt the manuscript collections noticed by MR. RIMBAULT (p. +407.): + + "Little Gidding," it has been observed, "was in England what Port Royal + was in France. Ardent devotion to the Redeemer characterised both. In + each, peace, charity, good order, and love to the souls and bodies of + men, were eminently exhibited; upon each the hand of persecution fell + with unrelenting severity. Port Royal was destroyed by the Jesuits; + Little Gidding by the Puritans." + +J.Y. + +Hoxton. + +_Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Allow me to +refer DR. RIMBAULT to Hacket's _Life of Archbishop Williams_, Part ii. p. +50.; Izaak Walton's _Life of George Herbert_; Peter Langloft's _Chronicle_, +ed. Hearne, Preface, sect xi., Appendix to Preface, Nos. IX. and X.; _Caii +Vindiciae Antiquitatis Academiae Oxoniensis_, ed. Hearne, vol. ii. p. 683. +693. 697. 702. 713.; and _Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar_, by +Peter Peckard, D.D., Cambridge, 8vo., 1790 (which is reprinted with +additions from a manuscript in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, in +Dr. Wordsworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_). In Dr. Peckard's Preface will +be found somewhat respecting "the loss (probably the unjust detention)" of +Francis Peck's manuscript life of Nicholas Ferrar, apparently the same +manuscript which DR. RIMBAULT states he has seen. + +C.H. COOPER. + +Cambridge, November 16. 1850. + +In Nichol's _Litterary Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 519., it is stated that "a +capital account of the family of Ferrar was compiled by Mr. Gough for the +sixth volume of the second edition of the _Biographica Britannica_." Of the +only two copies known to exist of the printed portion of this sixth volume +Mr. Chalmers possessed one, and he seems to have used it in the preparation +of the life of Ferrar for his _Biographical Dictionary_. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + +DR. RIMBAULT will find many interesting particulars relating to the +so-called "Arminian Nunnery," and the family of Ferrars, together with an +account of the present state of the place, in a paper by C. Colson, B.A., +Fellow of St. John's College, entitled "An Account of a Visit to Little +Gidding, on the Feast of S. Andrew, 1840," published in the first part of +the _Transactions of the Cambridge Camden Society_, Stevenson, Cambridge, +1841. + +E.V. + +Dr. Peckard appears to have had the use of some of Peck's MSS. (perhaps +those referred to by DR. RIMBAULT), but he regrets the loss of a MS. which +he had lent to the Rev. Mr. Jones, of Sheepshall, being, a _Life of +Nicholas Ferrar_, by Peck, prepared for the press, but which, after near +twenty years' inquiry, he had been unable to recover. This suggests the +Query, Has it ever yet been recovered? DR. RIMBAULT'S inquiry regarding +Thomas Hearne has been answered by Dr. Dibdin (_Bibliomania_, London, 1811, +p.381.) who informs Dr. Peckard, Dr. Wordsworth, and his Quarterly Reviewer +(p. 93), that Hearne, in the Supplement to his _Thom. Caii Vind. Ant. +Oxon._, 1730, 8vo., vol. ii., "had previously published a copious and +curious account of the monastery at Little Gidding," which he says "does +not appear to have been known to this latter editor," meaning Dr. +Wordsworth. I have not Hearne's work to refer to; but Dr. Dibdin _versus_ +Dr. Wordsworth and his Reviewer, as to ignorance of what so well-known an +author as Tom Hearne has written, is a little curious. The word "Arminian," +in DR. RIMBAULT'S Query, requires a remark. On reading the _Memoir_ which +Dr. Wordsworth has edited, he will find (Appendix, p. 247.) that the +Ferrars complained of "a libellous pamphlet, entitled the _Arminian Nunnery +at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire_," and that they repudiated +"Arminianism and other fopperies." This suggests a further Query: Is DR. +RIMBAULT possessed of that pamphlet? The attachment to books manifested by +the Ferrars family entitles them, I humbly think, to as much space as your +"NOTES AND QUERIES" can afford them. + +J.D.N.N. + +Renfrewshire. + +If DR. RIMBAULT or any of your correspondents could furnish a reply to any +of the Queries inserted by you in Vol. ii., p. 119., relative to the memoir +published by Peckard, and other matters connected therewith, I should feel +obliged. + +MATERRE. + +Mr. Henning of Hillingden, a descendant of the Ferrar family, through his +great-uncle, Dr. John Mapletoft, (see Ward's _Lives of the Gresham +Professors_), who was the great-nephew of Nicholas Ferrar, possessed one of +the three curious volumes arranged by members of the family, {446} viz.--_A +Digest of the History of our Saviour's Life_, with numerous plates. One of +these copies was presented to Charles I. on his going into the North; +another to Charles II. at the Restoration; the third remained in the +family. Can any of your readers tell us whether the copies given to the two +kings exist, and if so, who are the present possessors of them? + +J.H.M. + +Bath + + * * * * * + +VINEYARDS. + +(Vol. ii., p. 393. 414.). + +CLERICUS will find some information in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for the +year 1775 (vol. xlv. pp. 513. 632.) which will direct him to a still fuller +discussion of the subject in the third volume of the _Archaeologia_. + +N.B. + +At _Rochester_ there is a field so called; it is a very favourite _walk_. +In the neighbourhood of the _Cathedral at Bath_, there is one side of a +street so called. + +S.S. + +A part of the town of Richmond (Surrey) is called "the Vineyard." The name, +of the origin of which I am ignorant, is applied to a collection of small +houses between the Roman Catholic Chapel and the Rose Cottage Hotel. + +W.A.G. + +In the fields between Buckden and Diddington, in the county of Huntingdon, +there is what is called "the Vineyard" at the present day; and connected +therewith is what is called, and evidently from the shape has been, a "fish +pond." In Buckden is the abbot's house, with the original door; and there +is no doubt but what the above was, in olden times, belonging to a +religious house in that part. + +M.C.R. + +A small close of land adjoining the churchyard at Oiston, Nottinghamshire +(due west of the church), goes by the name of "the Vineyard." + +P.P. + +There is also a street at Abingdon called "the Vineyard," from the land +having been formerly used for that purpose by the Benedictines of Abingdon +Abbey. If my memory do not betray me, there is some interesting information +on the early cultivation of the vine in England, in an article by Mr. T. +Hudson Turner, in the _Archaeological Journal_, which I have not now at +hand. + +H.G.T. + +There was a vineyard belonging to Ely Place, Holborn: and another probably +in the Abbey grounds at Westminster. A portion of the estate of the late +Chas. Powell, Esq., of Hinton Court, near Hereford, was called the +"Vineyard" and the Vineyard of the Monks of St. Mary's is yet pointed out +by the good folks of Beaulieu in Hampshire. The vineyards of Bath are in +the heart, not the suburbs of the present town. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + +TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION. + +(Vol. ii., p. 168.). + +As supplementary to J.B.'s valuable paper on the _Treatise of +Equivocation_, I transcribe the following from the _Smith Manuscripts_ +(num. lxix. 5. p. 35.), thinking it may leave an interest for some of your +readers:-- + + "_Apud, D.P._ 13th of May, 1597. + + _Gerard the Jesuite, his Defence of AEquivocation._ + + John Gerard, the Jesuite, being told that, upon the arraignment of + Sowthwell the priest of high treason, one of the witnesses being asked + upon her oath by one of the judges, in open court, whether Sowthwell + were ever in Bellamie's house, said that she had been perswaded by + Sowthwell to affirme upon her oath, that she did not see Sowthwell in + Bellamie's house and to keep this secret in her mind, of INTENT TO TELL + YOU, whereas in truth she had seen him diverse times in Bellamie's + house; and Sowthwell being charged therewith, openly confessed the + same, and sought to justifie the same by the place out of Jeremie, that + a man ought to swear _in judicio, justitia, et veritate_. Now, this + John Gerrard, being asked what his opinion and judgment was concerning + Southwell's opinion above said, said that he was of the same opinion, + and seemed to justifie the same by the example of our Saviour Christ, + who said to His disciples, that _you shall go to Jerusalem, Ego autem + non ascendam_, keeping this secret to himself, of INTENT TO TELL YOU. + And also sayeth that our Saviour Christ said, that the Son of Man did + not know of the day of judgment, keeping this secret to himself, OF + INTENT TO TELL YOU; for he sayeth, that as he was Son of Man he knew + it, and could not be ignorant of any thing: and furder sayeth, that a + witness being examined, _juridice_ and of temporal things, not + concerning religion or Catholics, cannot answer with such aequivocation + as is above said. And, forasmuch as this opinion and the defence + thereof seemed to be damnable and blasphemous, he was required to sett + down his own opinion therein, least he should be mistaken; but he + denied the same, not because it is untrue, but because he would not + publish it. Then being required to subscribe the same, denied the same + also. + + RICHARD BARKLEY. + WILLIAM WAAD. + EDWARD COOK. + THOMAS FLEMING." + +The reference "_Apud. D.P._," which stands as I have placed it above, may +perhaps enable some of your contributors to point out the source from which +this account is derived. The date at the top appears to have been added by +a later hand. + +J. SANSOM. + +Oxford, Nov. 1850. + + * * * * * + +RIOTS IN LONDON. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 273. 332.) + +Will you do me the favour to insert the following attempt to set right and +disentangle the thread {447} of my narrative respecting the death of young +Allen. Certain it is that I was not "an actor nor spectator," in the riots +of 1768, for they occurred some little time before I was born! It is +equally certain that a man well remembered by me as our servant, whose name +was "Mac," was a soldier concerned in the affair of Allen's death. As all +the three soldiers had the prefix of "Mac" to their names, I cannot tell +which of them it was, but it was _not_ the man who really shot Allen, and +_was never again heard of_; for "Mac," whom I so well remember, must have +lived with my father _after_ the affair of 1768, or _I_ could not have +known him. In my youthful remembrance, I have blended the story about him +with the riots which I had witnessed in 1780: this is the best and only +explanation I can give. Sure I am, that all my father related to me of that +man was true. I presume the "Mac" I knew must have been Maclane, as your +correspondent E.B. PRICE thinks probable, because of his trial and +acquittal, which agrees with my father's statement; and especially as he +was singled out and erroneously accused of the crime--as the quotation +above referred to states. All I can say is, I can relate no more; I have +told the story _as I remember it,_ and for myself can only apologise that +(though not so old as to witness the riots of 1768) I am old enough to +experience that Time has laid his hand not only on my head to whiten my +locks, but in this instance compels me to acknowledge that even the +memories of my early days are, like the present, imperfect. The failure is +with me, not with my father. + +This vindication of my honourable parent's undoubted veracity reminds me of +a circumstance that I have read or heard in a trial with regard to a right +of way across an inclosure. Several aged men had given their evidence, when +one said, "I remember that a public footpath for more than 100 years." "How +old are you?" said the counsel. "Somewhere about eighty," was as the reply. +"How then do you remember the path for 100 years?" "I remember (said the +old man firmly), when a boy, sitting on my father's knee, and he told me of +a robbery that took place on that footpath; and so I know it existed +_then_, for _my father never told a lie_." The point was carried, and the +footpath remains open to this day, to tell to all generations _the beauty +of truth_. + +SENEX. + +In Malcolm's _Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during the +eighteenth Century_, 4to. 1808, there is a + + "Summary of the Trial of Donald Maclane, on Tuesday last, at Guildford + Assizes, for the murder of William Allen Jun. on the 10th of May last + in St. George's Fields." + +Upon the trial mention was made of the paper stuck up against the walls of +the King's Bench Prison, from which it appears that it contained the +following: + + "Let * * * Judges, Ministers combine, + And here great Wilkes and Liberty confine. + Yet in each English heart secure their fame is + In spite of crowded levies at St. J----'s. + Then while in prison Envy dooms their stay, + Here grateful Britons daily homage pay." + +The inscription upon the tomb of William Allen was visible in 1817, and in +addition to the inscription on the north side, which has already been +printed in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 333), was as follows:-- + + _South Side._ + + "O disembody'd soul! most rudely driven + From this low orb (our sinful seat) to Heaven, + While filial piety can please the ear, + Thy name will still occur for ever dear: + This very spot now humaniz'd shall crave + From all a tear of pity on thy grave. + O flow'r of flow'rs! which we shall see no more, + No kind returning Spring can thee restore, + Thy loss thy hapless countrymen deplore. + + _East Side._ + + "O earth! cover not thou my blood."--_Job._ xvi. 18. + + _West Side._ + + "Take away the wicked from before the King, and His throne shall be + established in righteousness."--_Prov._ xxiii. 5. + +Fifteen months afterwards the father of William Allen presented a petition +to his majesty for vengeance on the murderers of his son. + +O. SMITH. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES + +_Osnaburg Bishopric_ (Vol. ii. p. 358.).--By the treaty of Osnaburg, in +1624, it was stipulated "that the alternate nomination to the Bishopric of +Osnaburg should be in the catholic bishops, and in the protestant branches +of the house of Luneburg." Thus, the Princes Ernest Augustus, the father of +George I., Ernest Augustus, brother of the same monarch, and the late Duke +of York, became sovereign-bishops of Osnaburg. But by the treaty of Vienna, +in 1815, the bishopric became an integral part of the kingdom of Hanover. +(Vide _Halliday's House of Guelph_, 4to. 1820, pp. 134, 135, 335.) + +F.E. + +_Death of Richard II._ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Otterburn tells us (pp. 228, +229.) that Richard II.'s death took place at _Pontefract Castle_, on St. +Valentine's day, and adds, that the body was exposed to public view in all +the principal towns through which it passed on the road to London. See also +Walsingham (p. 363.): + + "Clausitque diem extremum _apud castrum de Pontefracto_, die Sancti + Valentini." + +{448} The Keeper of the Wardrobe, moreover, received 100 marks for the +conveyance of the king's body from Pontefract to London. (_Issue Rolls_, 1 +Henry IV.) + +It was the belief of many contemporaries--and arguments have been adduced +by modern writers in support of the supposition--(see a very interesting +treatise on the subject in the second volume of Tytler's _History of +Scotland_), that Richard II. escaped from his prison, and lived for several +years in Stirling Castle. But be that as it may, Froissart, I think, is +clearly wrong in stating that he died in the Tower of London. + +O.P.Q. + +In answer to your Query relative to the death of Richard II., and his dying +at Pontefract, I beg to refer you to Devon's printed _Pell Records_, Hen. +III. to Hen. VI., p. 275, for the following entry: + + "17 February. To Thos. Tuttabury, clerk, keeper of the king's wardrobe, + In money paid to him by the hands of Wm. Pampleon, Esq., for expenses + incurred for the carriage of the body of Richard, late king of England, + _from the town of Pomferait to London_, by Writ, &c., 66l. 13s. 4d." + +Again, at page 276.: + + "To a certain other valet, sent from London, by direction of the king's + council, to Pontfreyt Castle for the protection and safe custody of the + body of Richard II., late king of England, In money paid to his own + hands for his wages and expenses, 6s. 8d." + +This seems to be decisive of the question; but there are several other +interesting entries bearing on the same point. + +D.P.R. + +_Scottish Prisoners sold to Plantations_ (Vol. ii., pp. 297. 350. 379.).-- + + "The judgements of heaven were never so visible upon any people as + those which have fallen upon the Scots since [the sale of Charles I.]; + for, besides the sweeping furious plague that reigned in Edinburgh, and + the incredible number of witches which have increased, and have been + executed there since; besides the sundry shameful defeats they have + received by the English, who carried away more of them prisoners than + they were themselves in number; _besides that many of them died of mere + hunger; besides that they were sold away slaves, at half a crown a + dozen, for foreign plantations among savages_; I say besides all this + chain of judgements, with diverse others, they have quite lost their + reputation among all mankind; some jeer them, some hate them, and none + pity them."--Howell's _German Dict._, p. 65., 1653. + +Echard, in _Hist. Eng._, vol. ii. p. 727., speaking of the prisoners taken +at Worcester, says that Cromwell + + "marched up triumphantly to London, driving four or five thousand + prisoners like sheep before him; making presents of them, as occasion + offered, as of so many slaves, and selling the rest for that purpose + into the English plantations abroad." + +W. DN. + +_Lachrymatories._--There is absolutely _no_ authority in any ancient author +for this name, and the best scholars speak of these vessels as _the bottles +usually called lachrymatories_, &c. It would be curious to discover when +the name was first used, and by whom first this absurd use was imagined. It +_[illegible]_ that their _proper_ use was to contain perfumes, scents, and +unguents, as sweet odours to rest with the departed. Becker says: + + "Bottles, filled with perfumes, were placed inside the tomb, which was + besprinkled _odoribus_. These are the tear-flasks, or _lachrymatories_, + so often mentioned formerly."--_Gallus_, p. 413. Eng. Tr. + +A wasteful use of perfumes at funerals (_sumptuosa respersio_, Cicero de +Legibus, ii. 23.) was forbidden by the Twelve Tables. The eighth verse of +the fifty-sixth Psalm, + + "My flight thou numberest: put my tears in thy bottle: stand they not + in thy book?"--_Hengstenberg_, Clarke's Tr. Edinb. + +is, I believe, the only evidence that can be brought in favour of the old +opinion; but we surely cannot take the highly figurative language of +Eastern poetry to establish a Roman custom of which we have no hint +elsewhere. This verse admits of a much simpler interpretation; see Arndt, +quoted by Hengstenberg _ad locum_. From a review of _Museum Disneianum_, +which appeared in No. XXIII. of the _Classical Museum_, it seems that Mr. +Disney has devoted to this subject some pages of the introduction to Part +II. of the above work, of which a summary is given by the reviewer. + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +Torreridge, Herts, Oct. 23. + +_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 205.).--MR. SANSOM is +sustained by Anthony Wood in assigning the _Querela_ to Dean Ryves; but it +may be doubted whether he were anything but the editor, publishing it as an +Appendix to the _Mercurius Rusticus_. The title of the work is _Querela +Cantabrigiensis: or A Remonstrance by way of Apologie for the banished +Members of the late flourishing University of Cambridge, by some of the +said Sufferers_. Now Dean Ryves was a member of the University of Oxford. +In Wood's _Fasti_, it is stated that he took the degree of B.A., Oct. 26, +1616, being then of New College. On June 9, 1619, he was admitted of +Magdalen College, as a member of which he took his B.D. in 1632, and +proceeded to D.D. in 1639. He had nothing therefore to do with the +sufferings of the members of the University of Cambridge. In the _Life of +Dr. Barwick_, the account given of the _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ is:-- + + "But _Mr. Barwick's_ no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together + with others of the university, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny, + _and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own + college_, {449} gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and + under the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of + Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of _Mr. Richard + Royston_, a bookseller of _London_, who did great service to his king + and country, by printing and disposing, in the most difficult times, + books written in defence of the royal cause." pp. 32-33. + +In the Appendix (p.495. note), Dr. Bruno Ryves is mentioned, and spoken of +as the author of _Mercurius Rusticus_; but no notice is taken of his being +one of the authors of the _Querela_. Of Dr. Ryves, who assisted in the +Polyglot, a good account is given in Todd's _Life of Bishop Walton_, vol. +i. pp. 306-309. + +Barwick was upon another occasion assisted in a work against the League and +Covenant, published in 1644, by William Lacy of St. John's, Isaac Barrow of +Peter-House, Sethward of Sidney College, Edmund Baldero, and William +Quarles of Pembroke Hall, and Peter Gunning of Clare Hall. It is not an +improbable conjecture that some of these distinguished men assisted in the +composition of the _Querela_. + +A.B.R. + +Easton. + +_"Then" for "than."_--At the end of Selden's _Titles of Honour_ (edit. +1631), after the list of "Faults escapled in print," occur the words, "may +with no less difficulty be amended _then_ observed?" Was the word _then_ +commonly used in the sense of _than_; or is it a misprint? + +P.H.F. + + [Dr Latham, in _English Language_, p. 377. (3d ed.), observes. "As to + the word _than_, the conjunction of comparison, it is a variety of + _then_; the notions of _order_, _sequence_, and _comparison_, being + allied. _This is good; then_ (or _next in order_) _that is good_, is an + expression sufficiently similar to _this is better than that_ to have + given rise to it."] + +_Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--"The Papal +decision" referred to may probably be found in the Popes Letters of 2nd +Feb. 1849, and of 20th May, 1850. The former professes to seek for +information on this question from the priests and bishops of the whole +Catholic world, but at the same time it enunciates clearly the Pope's +opinion in favour of the doctrine. + +J.H.M. + +Bath. + +In the _Catholic Annual Register for the Year ended 30th June, 1850_, +published by Dolman, will be found the recent Allocution of his Holiness +Pius IX., a Pastoral of the Cardinal Wiseman, and one from the bishops of +America on this subject; from which your correspondent L. will be fully +able to discover the present state of the doctrine of the Catholic Church +on this mystery. + +FESTE. + +_Letters of Horning_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.).--Letters of Horning, in the law +of Scotland, are writs issuing under the signet of the sovereign (used in +the Supreme Court, or Court of Session, for signifying the sovereign's +assent to writs issuing from that court) obtained by creditors, commanding +messengers at arms + + "To charge the debtor to pay or perform his obligation within a day + certain." ... "If payment be not made within the days mentioned in the + horning, the messsenger, after proclaiming three oyesses at the + marketcross of the head borough of the debtor's domicil, and reading + the letters there, blows three blasts with a horn, by which the debtor + is understood to be proclaimed rebel to the king for contempt of his + authority." + + Sec. 26. "Denunciation, if registered within fifteen days, either in the + sheriff's books or in the general register, drew after it the rebel's + single cheat, i.e. forfeiture of his moveables to the crown. So severe + a penalty, with the character of rebel affixed to denunciation on civil + debts, was probably owing to this; that anciently letters of horning + were not granted but to enforce the performance of facts within one's + own power, and when afterwards [in 1584] they came to be issued on + liquid debts, the legislature neglected to soften the penalty. Insomuch + that those who were denounced rebels, even for a civil cause, might be + put to death with impunity till 1612. Persons denounced rebels have not + a _persona standi ne judicio_. They can neither sue nor defend in any + action." + +I have preferred, to any explanation of my own, to make the preceding +extracts from Erskine's _Principles of the law of Scotland_, Book ii., +Title 5., Sections 24, 25, 26.,--a standard institutional work of the +highest authority. + +For those who are disinclined to examine the subject too gravely, I must +refer to another authority equally worthy of credit, viz. Sir Walter +Scott's _Antiquary_, where, in Chapter xviii., + + "Full of wise saws and modern instances." + +the subject of imprisonment for debt in Scotland is discussed most ably by +Jonathan Oldbuck, Esq., of Monkbarns, who proves to his nephew, Captain +McIntyre, that in that happy country no man can be legally imprisoned _for +debt_. He says,-- + + "You suppose now a man's committed to prison because he cannot pay his + debts? Quite otherwise; the truth is, the king is so good as to + interfere at the request of the creditor, and to send the debtor his + royal command to do him justice within a certain time; fifteen days, or + six, as the case may be. Well, the man resists, and disobeys; what + follows? Why, that he be lawfully and rightfully declared a rebel to + our gracious sovereign, whose command he has disobeyed, and that by + three blasts of a horn, at the market-place of Edinburgh, the + metropolis of Scotland. And he is then legally imprisoned, not on + account of any civil debt, but because of his ungrateful contempt of + the royal mandate." + +I have only quoted what was absolutely necessary to answer the Query; but +there is much more to be found on the subject in the same place. + +I cannot suppose that there is any one of your readers so illiterate as not +to have read the _Antiquary_, {450} there are few memories which are not +the better for being from time to time refreshed. My own is not of the +best, which is sometimes disadvantageous to me, but not in a case like +this. I have frequently read over the _Antiquary_, again and again, and +have always derived much pleasure and amusement from so doing, and that +pleasure I hope still again to enjoy. + +J. S----s. + +_Dr. Euseby Cleaver_ (Vol. ii., p. 297.).--Your correspondent H. COTTON, +Thurles, Ireland, is mistaken with reward to Dr. Euseby Cleaver. He was +never Bishop of Cork and Ross. He was Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, and +translated thence to the archbishopric of Dublin _about_ the year 1805. No +doubt the transaction will be found in the Registry of Ferns, but I do not +know the date of his consecration. + +I was acquainted with that good man, and my mother was his first cousin. + +R.S. + +Belgave, Nov. 15. 1850. + +_Mrs. Partington_ (Vol. ii., pp. 377. 411.).--In the Rev. Sydney Smith's +speech at Taunton, on the Lords' rejection of the Reform Bill, October, +1831, is this passage: + + "The attempt of the Lords to stop the progress of reform, reminds me + very forcibly of the great storm of Sidmouth, and of the conduct of the + excellent Mrs. Partington on that occasion. In the winter of 1824, + there set in a great flood upon that town--the tide rose to an + incredible height--the waves rushed in upon the houses, and everything + was threatened with destruction. In the midst of this sublime and + terrible storm, Dame Partington, who lived upon the beach, was seen at + the door of her house with mop and pattens, trundling her mop, + squeezing out the sea-water, and vigorously pushing away the Atlantic + Ocean. The Atlantic was roused. Mrs. Partington's spirit was up; but I + need not tell you that the contest was unequal. The Atlantic Ocean beat + Mrs Partington. She was excellent at a slop or a puddle, but she should + not have meddled with a tempest." + +This speech is reprinted in the collected editions of Sydney Smith's +_Works_. Unless an allusion to Mrs. Partington of a prior date to October, +1831, is produced, we may fairly consider that the celebrity of that lady +is owing to Sydney Smith. + +I doubt if Lord Brougham ever alluded to Mrs. Partington. Certain it is he +never made any speech in the House of _Commons_ on the Reform Bill, as he +was raised to the peerage some months before that bill was brought forward. + +C.H. COOPER. + +_"Never did Cardinal bring good to England"_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.).--Your +correspondent O.P.Q. refers to Dr. Lingard's _History of England_, in which +this exclamation of the Duke of Suffolk, on the adjournment of the legatine +inquiry into the validity of the marriage of Henry VIII. and Catharine of +Arragon, is termed an "old saw," and remarks that he should be glad to know +if this saying is to be met with elsewhere, and what gave rise to it. +Before we enter upon the inquiries suggested by O.P.Q., it seems to me that +we have to consider a previous question--what authority is there for +terming it an "old saw." Dr. Lingard refers to "Cavendish, 434.; Herbert, +278." as his authorities for the whole paragraph. But Herbert does not +contain anything of the kind and Cavendish relates the matter very +differently: + + "With that stepped forth the Duke of Suffolk from the king, and lay his + commandment spoke these words with a stout and an hault countenance, + 'It was never merry in England,' quoth he, 'whilst we had cardinals + amongst us!'"--Cavendish's _Wolsey_, pp. 232, 233, Singer's edition. + +Is Dr. Lingard the authority for these words being an "old saw", or has he +merely omitted to give a reference to the place from whence he really +derived them? + +BERUCHINO. + +_Pandects, Florentine Edition of_ (Vol. ii., p. 421.).--Your correspondent +R.G. will find copies of the Florentine edition of the Pandects of 1553, +both in the British Museum and in the Bodleian library at Oxford. It is +described in the catalogues of both under the title of _Pandecta_. + +C.L.L. + +_Master John Shorne_ (Vol. ii., p. 387.).--Mr. Thoms, in his curious notes +on this personage, has expressed much regret that fuller details relating +to a representation of _Magister Johannes Schorn_ at Cawston, Norfolk, +communicated to the Archaeological Institute by the Rev. James Bulwer, had +not been preserved in the _Archaeological Journal_. I believe that the +omission was solely in deference to Mr. Bulwer's intention of giving in +another publication the results of his inquiries, and those persons who may +desire detailed information regarding Master John will do well to peruse +Mr. Bulwer's curious memoir in the _Norfolk Archaeology_, vol. ii. p. 280., +published March 1849, where representations of the figure at Cawston, and +of another at Gateley, Norfolk, are given. There seems to be no evidence +that Sir John, although in both instances pourtrayed with _nimbus_, had +been actually canonized and it is deserving of notice that in no ancient +evidence hitherto cited is he designated as a Saint, but merely as Master, +or Sir John. I am surprised that Dr. Husenbeth, who is so intimately +conversant with the examples of hagiotypic symbols existing in Norfolk, +should not have given him even a supplementary place in his most useful +manual of the _Emblems of Saints_, recently published. (Burns, 1850, 12mo.) +I have sought for Sir John in vain, in either section of that valuable +work. It occurs neither under the names of saints, nor in the series of +emblems. + +ALBERT WAY. + +_"Her brow was fair"_ (Vol. ii p. 407.).--The author of the passage quoted +by J.M.B. is Barry Cornwall. It occurs in one of the delicious {451} little +"Miscellaneous Poems" attached to the volume entitled _Dramatic Scenes_. +The quotation is not quite accurate, the last two words of the first line, +"and look'd," being carried into the second, and thus destroying the metre +of both. The Dr. Armstrong alluded to by J.M.B. is, I suppose, a modern +celebrity of whom I must plead guilty of being ignorant. The lines could, +of course, only occur in the writings of the Dr. Armstrong who wrote _The +Art of Preserving Health_, and who was the friend of the poet Thomson, +through the interpolation of some modern editor, within the last thirty +years. Barry Cornwall's poems have never been collected, in this country at +least; and as the volume which contains the one in question is to be met +with only occasionally, on the book stalls, I send you the entire poem:-- + + THE MAGDALEN. + + "And woman who had wept her loveliest dower + There hid her broken heart. + _Paris._ "I do remember it. Twas such a face + As Guido would have loved to dwell upon; + But oh! the touches of his pencil never + Could paint her perfect beauty. In her home + (Which once she did desert) I saw her last; + Propp'd up by pillows, swelling round her like + Soft heaps of snow, yielding, and fit to bear + Her faded figure. I observed her well: + Her brow was fair, but _very_ pale, and look'd + Like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil + Its whiteness. O'er her temple one blue vein + Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand + Branch'd like the fibre of a leaf--away. + Her mouth was tremulous, and her cheek wore then + A flush of beautiful vermilion, + But more like art than nature; and her eye + Spoke as became the youthful Magdalen, + Dying and broken-hearted." + +G.J. DE WILDE. + +_Dodd's Church History_ (Vol. ii., p. 347).--G.R., who is good enough to +speak of my edition of this work in a very flattering manner, presumes, and +not unnaturally, from the lengthened period which has elapsed since the +appearance of the last, or fifth volume, that its continuation "has for +some reason or other been abandoned." I am glad, however, to inform him +that such is not the case. Health, and other uncontrollable circumstances, +have unfortunately interfered to impede the progress of the work; but that +it is not abandoned, I hope, ere long, to give to him and to the public a +practical evidence. + +M.A. TIERNEY. + +Arundel, Nov. 1850. + +_Blackwall Docks_ (Vol. i., pp. 141. 220.).--These, in Pepys' time, +probably included more than the dry docks, known as Wigram's and Green's; +_e.g._, in Sir Thomas Brame's _Letters_, dated 29th Sept. 1666, we read: + + "Blackwall hath the largest wet dock in England, and belongs chiefly to + the East India Company."--Sir Thos. Brame's _Letters_, edit. Wilkin, t. + i. p. 135. + +W. DN. + +_Wives of Ecclesiastics_ (Vol. i., p. 149.).--In Archdeacon Hale's _Curious +Precedents in Criminal Causes_, p. 23., under 1490, and in the parish of S. +Nicholas, Coldharbour, London, we read: + + "Nicholai Colde.--Johannes Warwick quondam clericus parochie ibidem + adulteravit cum Rosa Williamson et ob amorem illius mutilavit et quasi + interfecit uxorem propriam." + +We may remark that the delinquent is not called Dominus, but "clericus +parochie." + +W. DN. + +_Stephens' Sermons_ (Vol. i., p. 334.).--The sermons referred to by +BALLIOLIENSIS, with a suggestion that they may be those of the Rev. W. +Stephens, were preached by Rev. Samuel Johnson, vicar of Great, and rector +of Little Torrington. Stephens was subsequently vicar of St. Andrew's, +Plymouth, a living then in the gift of the corporation. + +W. DN. + +_Saying of Montaigne_ (Vol. ii., p. 278.).--I have seen this attributed to +Fenelon, and, I think, to an English divine; but have no "Note," and regret +I cannot recollect the name. + +ESTE. + +_Scala Coeli_ (Vol. ii., p. 285.)--They are not _in_ the church of St. John +Lateran, but in a separate portico-like building. They form the middle +flight, up which the faithful ascend on their knees, and descend by +ordinary stairs on each side. These stairs are of stone (or marble), and +are covered with boards, so that only parts are visible. They are said to +have formed part of Pilate's house at Jerusalem; but I believe there are +other claimants for the honour. One or two brass stars, inlaid in the +stone, are said to mark the spots where Christ's tears fell. + +ESTE. + +Birmingham, Nov. 13. 1850. + +_Red Hand--Holt Family--Aston Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 241.).--The tradition +is not, I belive, of very ancient date. It is stated that one of the Holt +family murdered his cook, and was afterwards compelled to adopt the red +hand in his arms. It is, however, obviously only the "Ulster badge" of +baronetcy. I have never heard any further particulars of the tradition. + +ESTE. + +_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).-- + + "Toison d'or parut ensuite; il apportait un faisan vivant, orne d'un + collier d'or; alors le duc Philippe, suivant l'ancien usage qu'avaient + les seigneurs de preter leurs serments sur quelque noble oiseau, jura + qu'il irait en personne dans l'Orient combattre le chef des Sarrasins." + &c., &c.--_Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne_, par F. Valentin, troisieme + edition, p. 235. 8vo. Tours, 1846. + +E.J.M. + +Oxford. + +{452} _"Tickhill, God help me!"_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--Chagford, on the +borders Dartmoor, in Devon, is in winter a very desolate and almost +unapproachable place. If an inhabitant be asked at this season concerning +his locality, he calls it, in sad tones, "Chagford, good Lord!" In summer +the place is picturesque and much sought, and then the exulting designation +is "Chaggiford, and what d'ye think?" + +Widdicombe-in-the-Moor, in the same neighbourhood, is a most out-of-the-way +place, and is commonly spoken of as "Widdicombe in the cold country, good +Lord!" + +J.W.H. + +_"Noli me tangere"_ (Vol. ii., p. 253.).--To the list given of the painters +of this subject may be added _Frederico Baroccio_. A singularly beautiful +engraving by Raphael Morghen of this picture, then in the possession of the +Marquis Bonvisi of Lucca, was published at Florence, 1816. + +C.I.R. + +_Judas Bell, Judas Candle, &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the parish +accounts of Lambeth, the two following entries occur:-- + + "1516. To James Calcot for payntyng of Judas, 6d." + "1523. Paid for a staff for Judas crosse -- 4d." + +I venture to add these to the instances cited by Mr. Walcott, hoping that +the slightly varied form may furnish a clue by which some of your readers +may be able to unravel the meaning of such allusions more satisfactorily +than any yet attempted. + +J.C.B. + +_Burial towards the West_ (Vol. ii., p. 408.).--Mr. Hawker has stated very +confidently that + + "It was the ancient usage of the Church that the martyr, the bishop, + the saint, and even the priest, should occupy in their sepulture a + position the reverse of the secular dead, and lie down with their feet + westward and their heads to the rising sun." + +It is true that a custom has existed in many places for nearly two +centuries and a half to assign to the clergy a method of interment distinct +from that adopted for the laity; and the observance of this usage is not +limited to Romanists, for its continuance may be noted among members of the +Church of Ireland also, at least in remote districts of that country. With +respect to this matter, however, your correspondent has entirely misapplied +the term "ancient;" for until the seventeenth century there was not any +difference in the mode of sepulture prescribed for priests and laymen but, +most commonly, all persons entitled to Christian burial were placed with +their feet toward the east, in consequence of a tradition relative to the +position of our Saviour's body in the tomb. (Haimo, _Hom. pro Die Sancto +Pasch._; J. Gregrory, _Oriens nomen Ejus_, 85., Martene, _De Antiq. Eccles. +Ritibus_, tom. ii. p. 374. Venet. 1783.) It is believed that there is no +earlier authority for the sacerdotal privilege in question than a rule +contained in the _Rituale Romanum_ sanctioned by Pope Paul V. in June, +1614; viz.: + + "Corpora defunctorum in ecclesia ponenda sunt pedibus versus altare + majus ... Presbyteri vero habeant caput versus altare."--Cap. _De + Exsequiis_, p. 63. Antwerp, 1635. + +A rubric afterwards directs (p. 168.) that the bier should be so set down +in the middle of the church that in every case the injunction previously +given should be complied with, even from the commencement of the funeral +service; and, in fact, the manner of adhering to the established practice +of exhibiting in the church to the people the bodies of the deceased +clergy, clad in vestments, prior to their interment (on which occasions an +altar-ward posture was naturally selected for the head, in order that the +remains might be more easily seen), appears to have originated the idea of +the fitness of retaining an unjustifiable priestly prerogative at the time +of burial. + +Mr. Hawker may peruse with much advantage the first Appendix in the second +edition of _Eusebii Romani Epistola de Cultu Sanctorum ignotorum_. Mabillon +has herein very usefully enlarged what he had said, "De Sepultura +Sacerdotum," in the preceding impression, of which a French translation was +speedily published at Paris, 12mo in eights, 1698. The text of both +editions may be found together in tome i. of the _Ouvrages posthumes de +Mabillon et Ruinart_, a Paris, 1724. + +R.G. + +_Totnes Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 376).--As the priory of St. Mary stood on the +N.E. side of the parish church, it is not improbable that the arched +passage to which your querist H.G.T. refers may have been formed between +the two buildings, and found needful to allow room for the extension of the +chancel on the re-erection of the church in 1432. Perhaps if H.G.T. could +refer to the ancient documents brought to light by the fall of one of the +pinnacles into the room over the porch in 1799, he would gain some +information in connexion with his inquiry. The following note may have +reference to the very "gangway" in question: + + "William Ryder of Totnes, by his will dated 18th Nov. 1432 desires to + be buried in the cemetery of the parish church, in itinere + processionali juxta ecclesiam prioris et conventus Totton, ex opposito + magni altaris ejusdem ecclesiae."--See Dr. Oliver's _Monasticum Dioc. + Exon._ p. 239. + +It appears that the present churchyard is the site of the priory, but on +this point the labours of the sexton would probably give some intimation. + +S.S.S. + +_Irish Brigade_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Your correspondent J.B. will find +some interesting particulars concerning the Irish Brigade in the _Military +History of the Irish Nation_, by Matthew O'Conor, extending to the peace of +Utrecht in 1711. It {453} was never finished. There is very valuable +Appendix in French, written in 1749, and authenticated September 1. 1815, +by the Adj.-Comm.-Col. De M. Morres (Herve); it gives the war-orders, pay, +changes in the organization, and numbers of this gallant corps. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +We have received the second edition of _Chronicles of the Ancient British +Church_. The author exhibits great industry and research, and brings that +kindly reverential temper to his subject, which cannot fail to win for it +the sympathy of his readers. The apostolic origin of British Christianity, +and the early independence of the British Church, are satisfactorily +maintained, the labours of St. Patrick in Ireland, St. David and his +workfellows in Wales, St. Columba and St. Ninian in the North, are duly +chronicled; and the slender particulars that remain to us of the ancient +Church in Cornwall, are gleaned up with diligence and accuracy. The volume +is put together in a readable and popular shape, but is not unworthy the +attention of even our clerical friends. The author takes nothing upon +trust, and while availing himself of the labours of Usher, Stillingfleet, +&c., he ascends to the original authorities from which they drew, and makes +us acquainted with the pages of Gildas, Nennius, and Giraldus Cambrensis. + +There is a time-honoured proverb, which bids us "Laugh and grow fat." The +author of a series of very witty and instructive papers written under the +title of, and for the prose of showing us _How to make Home +Unhealthy_,--written, too, it is obvious, on the principle of "When I say +hold fast, let go, and When I say let go, hold fast,"--has improved upon +the old saw, and bids us "Laugh and grow healthy." The subject is one which +comes home to everybody, and we accordingly recommend everybody in search +of a pleasant half-hour's reading of a happy combination of common sense +and uncommon humour to apply themselves to the study of _How to make Home +Unhealthy_. + +We last week called attention to several Flemish works likely to interest +English readers. We have since seen how desirable it is that this should be +done, in the fact, that a curious Flemish Rhyming Chronicle respecting our +Edward III., by Jan de Klerk, edited in 1840 by that accomplished antiquary +Willems, and of which only 100 copies were printed, has hitherto been so +little known in this country, that nearly a quarter of the whole impression +was left unsold in the hands of the late Mr. Rodd. At the last sale of Mr. +Rodd's books they were purchased by Mr. Quaritch. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Thomas Thorpe's (13. Henrietta +Street, Covent Garden) General Catalogue of the most extensive Collection +of Curious Books on Sale in this or any other country, in most Languages +and classes of Literature, and including many hundred Articles of the +utmost rarity; William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue of Second-hand +English and Foreign Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile, Holborn) List No. +XXX. of Miscellaneous Second-hand Books; Reeves' and Turner's (98. Chancery +Lane) Catalogue No. 14. of Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 14. for 1850, of Books Old and +New; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue Part CXVIII., No. 12. for +1850, of Old and New Books. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Wednesday next and three +following days, the valuable Philological, Biblical, and Miscellaneous +Library of the late Rev. Richard Garnet of the British Museum. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +OBI. An early and abridged edition. + +BURKE'S WORKS. 9 vols. 8vo. 1845. + +LAWRIE'S HOMOEOPATHIC DOMESTIC MEDICINE. Last Edition. + +_Odd Volumes._ + +KNIGHT'S LONDON, Nos. 27. 53. 57. 98. 105. 146. + +POPE'S WORKS. Warburton, 8vo. 1760. Vol. II. + +CARTER'S ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND. 1793. Part I. + +PARKINSON'S SERMONS on Points of Doctrine and Rules of Duty. 1832. Vol. I. + +ALISON'S EUROPE. First 8vo. edition. Vol. IX. + +NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. II. III. V. + +NICHOLSON'S ARCHITECTURAL DICTIONARY. Parts XV. to the end. + +URE'S DICTIONARY of Arts and Manufactures. Part VI. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_We this week present our Subscribers with eight pages extra to meet our +increasing Correspondence. But though our present Number is thus enlarged, +we are compelled again to postpone many valuable communications, which are +already in type._ + +J.D.N.N. (_Renfrewshire_) _is thanked for his kind note. He will see by the +present Number, that there is no occasion for the alternative he suggests._ + +TWYFORD, _whose Query respecting the_ OGDEN FAMILY _appears at page 73, is +requested to say how a note may reach him._ + +_Communications should be addressed to the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, +_care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. _Fleet Street._ + +_Part XIII. for November, price 1s. 3d., is now ready for delivery._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. 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Longman and Co., +and of all Booksellers. + +London + +Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. + + * * * * * + +{455} Committee for the Repair of the TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER. + + JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A. + J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A. + PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A. + THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A. + SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.II. + JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A. + HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A. + SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A. + +The Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering into +irretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect +repair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit to the +subscription; they themselves, have opened the list with a contribution +from each of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready to receive any +amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may +be kind enough to remit to them. + +Subscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, and +Shaftesbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon, Pres. Soc. Antiq., The Lords +Braybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and gentlemen. + +Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the +Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at the +Charing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46. +Parliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. 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