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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15427-8.txt b/15427-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40f99aa --- /dev/null +++ b/15427-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2253 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +{473} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 59.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + The First Paper-mill in England, by Dr. E.F. Rimbault 473 + Specimens of Foreign English 474 + Folk Lore:--May-dew--Piskies--The Dun Cow-- + Lady Godiva--"Can du plera meleor cera" 474 + Minor Notes--Circulation of the Blood--Origin of + the Word "Culprit"--Collar of SS.--The Singing of + Swans--Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs--Portraits + of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan--Sonnet: Attempting + to prove that Black is White--Nicholas + Bretons Fantasticks 475 + + QUERIES:-- + The Wise Men of Gotham 476 + Herstmonceux Castle 477 + Minor Queries:--Yorkshire Ballads--Ringing a Hand-bell + before a Corpse--Church of St. Savior, Canterbury-- + Mock Beggar's Hall--Beatrix Lady Talbot-- + English Prize Essays--Rev. Joseph Blanco White-- + History of the Inquisition--Lady Deloraine--Speke + Family--Pope's Villa--Armorial Bearings--Passage + From Tennyson--Meaning of "Sauenap"--Hoods + worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge-- + Euclid and Aristotle--Ventriloquism--Fanningus, + the King's Whisperer--Frances Lady Norton-- + Westminster Wedding--Stone's Diary--Dr. King's + poem of "The Toast"--"Anima Magis" etc.--The + Adventures of Peter Wilkins--Translations of the + Talmud--Torn by Horses--The Marks *, [obelus], &c. + --Blackguard 478 + + REPLIES:-- + Church History Society, by S.R. Maitland 480 + Defender of the Faith, by W.S. Gibson 481 + Meaning of Jezebel 482 + Socinian Boast, by J.R. Beard 483 + Replies to Minor Queries:--The König stuhl at Rheuze + --Mrs. Tempest--Calendar of Sundays in Greek and + Romish Churches--The Conquest--Thruscross-- + Osnaburgh Bishopric--Nicholas Ferrar--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve--Lady + Jane of Westmoreland--Gray and Dodsley 484 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 485 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 486 + Notices to Correspondents 486 + Advertisements 486 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +THE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND. + +In the year 1588, a paper-mill was established at Dartford, in Kent, by +John Spilman, "jeweller to the Queen." The particulars of this mill are +recorded in a poem by Thomas Churchyard, published shortly after its +foundation, under the following title:-- + +"A description and playne discourse of paper, and the whole benefits that +paper brings, with rehearsall, and setting foorth in verse a paper-myll +built near Darthforth, by an high Germaine, called Master Spilman, jeweller +to the Queene's Majyestie." + +The writer says: + + "(Then) he that made for us a paper-mill, + Is worthy well of love and worldes good will, + And though his name be _Spill-man_, by degree, + Yet _Help_-man now, he shall be called by mee. + Six hundred men are set at work by him, + That else might starve, or seeke abroade their bread; + Who now live well, and go full brave and trim, + And who may boast _they_ are with paper fed." + +In another part of the poem Churchyard adds: + + "An high Germaine he is, as may be proovde, + In Lyndoam Bodenze, borne and bred, + And for this mille, may heere be truly lovde, + And praysed, too, for deep device of head." + +It is a common idea that this was the first paper-mill erected in England; +and we find an intelligent modern writer, Mr. J.S. Burn, in his _History of +the Foreign Refugees_, repeating the same erroneous statement. At page 262, +of his curious and interesting work be says: + + "The county of Kent has been long famed for its manufacture of paper. + It was at Dartford, in this county, that paper was _first made_ in + England." + +But it is proved beyond all possibility of doubt that a paper-mill existed +in England almost a century before the date of the establishment at +Dartford. In Henry VII.'s _Household Book_, we have the following:-- + + "1498. For a rewarde geven at the pulper-mylne, 16s. 8d." + +Again:-- + + "1499. Geven in rewarde to Tate of the Mylne, 6s. 8d." + +And in _Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum_, printed by Wynkyn de Worde +in 1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of +Hertford, belonging to JOHN TATE the younger, which was undoubtedly the +"mylne" visited by Henry VII. + +The water-mark used by John Tate was an eight-pointed star within a double +circle. In the {474} twelfth volume of the _Archæeologia_, p. 114., is a +variety of fac-similes of water-marks used by our early paper makers, +exhibited in five large plates, but is not a little singular that the mark +of John Tate is omitted. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +SPECIMENS OF FOREIGN ENGLISH. + +The accompanying specimens of foreign English you may perhaps consider +worth a corner among the minor curiosities of literature:-- + +_Basle._-- + + "Bains ordinaires et artificiels, tenu par B. Sigemund, Dr. in + medicine, Basle. In this new erected establishment, which the Owner + recommends best to all foreigners are to have,--Ordinary and artful + baths, russia and sulphury bagnios, pumpings, artful mineral waters, + gauze lemonads, fournished apartments for patients." + +_Cologne._ Title-page in lithograph. + + "_Remembrance on the Cathedral of Cologne._--A collection of his most + remarkable monumens, so as of the most artful ornamous and precious + hilts of his renaconed tresory. Draconed and lithographed by Gerhardt + Levy Elkan and Hallersch, collected by Gerhd. Emans." + +_Augsburg_, Drei Mohren Hotel. Entry in travellers' book. + + "January 28. 1815.--His Grace Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, &c. + &c. &c. Great honour arrived at the beginning of this year to the three + Moors: this illustrious warrior, whose glorious atchievements, which, + cradled in Asia, have filled Europe with his renown, descended in it." + +_Mount Etna._ Printed notice found attached to the wall of one of the rooms +in the Casa degl' Inglesi, Mount Etna, October, 1844: + + "In consequence of the damage suffered in the house called English set + on the Etna for the reprehensible conduct of some persons there + recovered, the following provisional regulations are prescribed, + authorized, and granted to M. Gemmellaro[1], who has the key of the + mentioned house for his labour, honour, and money spent to finish such + edifice, besides his kind reception for travellers curious to visit the + mountain. + + I. Any person desirous to get the key of the house is requested to + apply to M.G., and in case of his absence, to ... signing his name, + title, and country, in the same time tell the guide's and muleteer's + name, just to drive away those have been so rough to spoil the + moveables and destroy the stables ... are the men to be particularly + remarked. + + II. Nobody is admitted without a certificate of M.G., which will assure + to have received his name, &c. &c., except those are known by the + fore-going strangers. + + III. According to the afore-mentioned articles, nobody will take the + liberty to go in the house and force the lock of the door: he will + really suffer the most severe punishment fixed against violence. + + IV. Is not permitted to any body to put mules in the rooms destined for + the use of people, notwithstanding the insufficiency of stables. It is + forbidden likewise to dirtes the walls with pencil or coal. M.G. will + procure a blank book for those learned people curious to write their + observations. A particular care must be taken for the moveables settled + in the house. + + V. The house must be left clean and without fire, to avoid + conflagration; it is forbidden to leave rooms or windows opened, as the + house has been lately damaged by the winds, snow, sand, &c. &c.; the + aforementioned A.D., M.N. are imputed of negligence and malice: persons + neglecting to execute the above article will be severely punished, and + are obliged to pay damages and expences. + + VI. As soon as the traveller returns at Nicolosi, either to S. Nicolo + l'Arena, will immediately deliver the key to M.G., as it commonly + happens that foreigners are waiting for it. A certificate must be + likewise delivered, declaring that the afore-mentioned regulations have + been exactly executed. It is likewise proper and just to reward M. Gem. + for the expense of moveables, money, &c, &c., and for the advantage + travellers may get to examine the Volcan, for better than Empedocli, + Amodei, Fazelli, Brydon, Spallanzani, and great many others. M. Gemm. + has lately been authorized to deny the key whenever is unkindly + requested. He is also absolutely obliged to inform the gen. of the + army, who is determined to punish with rigour their insolence." + +_Mount Sinai._--(On the fly-leaf of the travellers' book.) + + "Here in too were inscribed as in one legend, all whose in the rule of + the year come from different parts, different cities and countries, + pilgrims and travellers of any different rank and religion or + profession, for advise and notice thereof to their posterity, and even + also in owr own of memory acknowledging. 1845, Mount Sinai." + +VIATOR. + +[Footnote 1: The name of this gentleman will be recognised by some of the +readers of NOTES AND QUERIES as that of a most indefatigable explorer of +the wonders of the mountain, and the author, in the _Transactions of the +Catanian Academy_., of excellent descriptions of its recent eruptions.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_May-dew._--Every one has heard of the virtues of "May-dew," but perhaps +the complex superstition following may be less generally known. A +respectable tradesman's wife in this town (Launceston) tells me that the +poor people here say that a swelling in the neck may be cured by the +patient's going _before sunrise_, on the 1st of May, to the grave of the +last young man who has been buried in the church-yard, and applying the +dew, gathered by passing the hand _three times_ from the {475} head to the +foot of the grave, to the part affected by the ailment.[2] This was told me +yesterday in reply to a question, whether the custom of gathering "May-dew" +is still prevailing here. I may as well add, that the common notion of +improving the complexion by washing the face with the early dew in the +fields on the 1st of May extensively prevails in these parts; and they say +that a child who is weak in the back may be cured by drawing him over the +grass wet with the morning dew. The experiment must be thrice performed, +that is, on the mornings of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May. I find no +allusion to these specific applications of "May-dew" in Ellis's _Brand_. + +H.G.T. + +[Footnote 2: If the patient be a woman, the grave chosen must be that of +the last young man buried, and that of the last young woman in the case of +a man patient.] + +_Piskies._--An old woman, the wife of a respectable farmer at a place +called "Colmans," in the parish of Werrington, near Launceston, has +frequently told my informant before-mentioned of a "piskey" (for _so_, and +not _pixy_, the creature is called _here_, as well as in parts of Devon) +which frequently _made its appearance_ in the form of small child in the +kitchen of the farm-house, where the inmates were accustomed to set a +little stool for it. It would do a good deal of household work, but if the +hearth and chimney corner were not kept neatly swept, it would pinch the +maid. The piskey would often come into the kitchen and sit on its little +stool before the fire, so that the old lady had many opportunities of +seeing it. Indeed it was a familiar guest in the house for many months. At +last it left the family under these circumstances. One evening it was +sitting on the stool as usual, when it suddenly started, looked up, and +said,-- + + "Piskey fine, and Piskey gay, + Now Piskey! run away!" + +and vanished; after which it never appeared again. This distich is the +first utterance of a piskey I have heard. + +The word "fine" put me in mind of the expression "_fine_ spirit," "_fine_ +Ariel," &c., noticed by DR. KENNEDY lately in NOTES AND QUERIES (Vol. ii., +p. 251.). It is worth notice that the people here seem to entertain no +doubt as to the identity of piskies and fairies. Indeed I am told, that the +old woman before mentioned called her guest indifferently "piskey" or +"fairy." + +The country people in this neighbourhood sometimes put a prayer-book under +a child's pillow as a charm to keep away the piskies. I am told that a poor +woman near Launceston was fully persuaded that one of her children was +taken away and a piskey substituted, the disaster being caused by the +absence of the prayer-book on one particular night. This story reminds me +of the "killcrop." + +H.G.T. + +1. The _dun cow_ of Dunsmore filled with milk every vessel that was brought +to her till an envious witch tried to milk her in a sieve. + +2. _Lady Godiva._--A close-fitting dress might suggest the idea of nudity; +but was not the horse borrowed from the warrior Lady of Mercia Ethelfleda? + +3. CAN DU PLERA MELEOR CERA. Quand Dieu plaira meilleur sera. Charm on a +ring, olim penes W. Hamper, F.A.S. + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Circulation of the Blood._--About twenty-five years since, being in a +public library in France, a learned physician pointed out to me in the +works of the Venerable Bede a passage in which the fact of the circulation +of the blood appeared to him and myself to be clearly stated. I regret that +I did not, at the time, "make a note of it," and that I cannot now refer to +it, not having access to a copy of Bede: and I now mention it in hopes that +some of your correspondents may think it worth while to make it a subject +of research. + +J. MN. + +_Culprit, Origin of the Word._--Long ago I made this note, that this much +used English word was of French extraction, and that it was "_qu'il +paruit_," from the short way the clerk of the court has of pronouncing his +words; for our pleadings were formerly in French, and when the pleadings +were begun, he said to the defendant "_qu'il parait_"--culprit; and as he +was generally culpable, the "_qu'il parait_" became a synonyme with +offender. + +T. + +Cambridge. + + [Does not our ingenious correspondent point at the more correct origin + of _culprit_, when he speaks of the defendant being "generally + _culpable?_"] + +_Collar of SS._--In the volume of Bury Wills just issued by the Camden +Society, is an engraving from the decorations of the chantry chapel in St. +Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmund's, of John Baret, who died in 146-; in which +the collar is represented as SS in the upright form set on a collar of +leather or other material. It is described in the will as "my collar of the +king's livery." John Baret, says the editor of the Wills, was a lay officer +of the monastery of St. Edmund, probably treasurer, and was deputed to +attend Henry VI. on the occasion of the king's long visit to that famed +monastic establishment in 14--. + +BURIENSIS. + +_The Singing of Swans._--"It would," says Bishop Percy (Mallet's _North. +Antiq._, ii. p. 72.), "be a curious subject of disquisition, to inquire +what could have given rise to so arbitrary and groundless a notion as the +singing of swans," {476} which "hath not wanted assertors from almost every +nation." (Sir T. Browne.) + + "Not in more swelling whiteness sails + Cayster's swan to western gales, [3] + When the melodious murmur sings + 'Mid her slow-heav'd voluptuous wings." + +T.J. + +[Footnote 3: "It was an ancient notion that the music of the swan was +produced by its wings, and inspired by the zephyr. See this subject, +treated with his accustomed erudition, by Mr. Jodrell, in his +_Illustrations of the Ion of Euripides_."--Bulwer's _Siamese Twins_.] + +_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs._--In consequence of the suggestion of +[Greek: D.] (Vol. ii., p. 220.), I have applied to the owner of Sir T. +Herbert's MS. account of the last days of Charles I., and the answer which +I have received is as follows: + + "I found the first part of Sir Thos. Herbert's MS. (56 pages) is not in + the edition of Woods _Athenæ_ Lord W. has; but I found a note in a + pedigree book, saying it was printed in 1702, 8vo. I suppose it can be + ascertained whether this is true." + +Perhaps some of your readers may know whether there is such a volume in +existence as that described by my friend. + +ALFRED GATTY. + +_Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan._--The plan of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" appears well adapted to record the change of hands into which +portraits of literary men may pass. I accordingly offer two to your notice. + +The portrait of George Stevens, the celebrated annotator on Shakspeare, who +died in 1800, was bequeathed by him to a relative, Mrs. Gomm of Spital +Square; and at that lady's death, some years after, it passed, I have +reason to expect, into the possession of her relative, Mr. Fince, of +Bishopsgate Street. I have no farther information of it. + +The portrait of Charles Cotton, by Sir Peter Lely, was, at the time (1814) +when Linnell took a copy, and (in 1836) when Humphreys took a copy, in the +possession of John Berisford, Esq., of Compton House, Ashborne, Derbyshire; +and the following extracts of letters will show who at present possesses +it:-- + + "Leek, 14th July, 1842. + + "After Mr. Berisford's decease, I should think the portrait of Cotton + would fall into the hands of his nephew Francis Wright, Esq., of Linton + Hall, near Nottingham. + + I am, &c. &c" + + "Linton Hall, Aug. 19. 1842. + + "Sir,--The Rev. J. Martin, of Trinity College, Cambridge, is the + possessor of the portrait of Cotton to which your letter alludes. I am, + Dear Sir, + + "Yours, in haste, + + "F. WRIGHT." + +I avail myself of the present opportunity to ask the authority for the +portrait of Bunyan appended to his ever-fresh allegory. The engraved +portrait I have has not the name of the painter. + +O.W. + +_Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is White._-- + + "It has been said of many, they were quite + Prepared to prove (I do not mean in fun) + That white was really black, and black was white; + But I believe it has not yet been done. + Black (Saxon, Blac) in any way to liken + With _candour_ may seem almost out of reach; + Yet _whiten_ is in kindred German _bleichen_, + Undoubtedly identical with _bleach_: + This last verb's cognate adjective is _bleak_-- + Reverting to the Saxon, _bleak_ is blæk. [4] + A semivowel is, at the last squeak, + All that remains such difference wide to make-- + The hostile terms of keen antithesis + Brought to an _E plus ultra_ all but kiss!" + +MEZZOTINTO. + +[Footnote 4: Pronounced (as _black_ was anciently written) _blake_.] + +_Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks_, 1626.--MR. HEBER says, "Who has seen +another copy?" In Tanner's Collection in the Bodleian Library is one copy, +and in the British Museum is another, the latter from Mr. Bright's +Collection. + +W.P. + + [Another copy is in the valuable collection of the Rev. T. Corser. See + that gentleman's communication on Nicholas Breton, in our First Vol., + p. 409.] + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +THE WISE MEN OF GOTHAM. + +An ill-starred town in England seems to have enjoyed so unenviable a +reputation for some centuries for the folly and stupidity of its +inhabitants, that I am induced to send you the following Query (with the +reasons on which it is founded) in the hope that some of your readers may +be able to help one to a solution. + +Query: Why have the men of _Gotham_ been long famous for their extreme +folly? + +My authorities are,-- + +1. The Nursery Rhyme,-- + + "Three wise men of _Gotham_ + Went to sea in a bowl; + If the bowl had been stronger, + My story would have been longer." + +2. _Drunken Barnaby's Journal_ (edit. London, 1822, p. 25.), originally +printed 1774, London: + + "Veni _Gotham_, ubi multos + Si non omnes, vidi stultos, + Nam scrutando reperi unam + Salientem contra lunam + Alteram nitidam puellam + Offerentem porco sellam." + + "Thence to _Gotham_, where, sure am I, + If, _though_ not all fools, saw I many; + Here a she-bull found I prancing, + And in moonlight nimbly dancing; + There another wanton mad one, + Who her hog was set astride on." + +{477} 3. In the "Life of Robin Hood" prefixed to Ritson's _Collection of +Ballads concerning Robin Hood_ (People's edit. p. 27.), the following +story, extracted from _Certaine Merry Tales of the Madmen of Gottam_, by +Dr. Andrew Borde, an eminent physician, temp. Hen. VIII. (Black letter), in +Bodleian Library, occurs:-- + + "There was two men of __Gottam_, and the one of them was going to the + market to Nottingham to buy sheepe, and the other came from the market; + and both met together upon Nottingham bridge. Well met, said the one to + the other. Whither be yee going? said he that came from Nottingham. + Marry, said he that was going thither, I goe to the market to buy + sheepe. Buy sheepe? said the other, and which way wilt thou bring them + home? Marry, said the other, I will bring them over this bridge. By + Robin Hood, said he that came from Nottingham, but thou shalt not. By + Maid Marrion, said he that was going thitherward, but I will. Thou + shalt not, said the one. I will, said the other. Ter here! said the + one. Shue there! said the other. Then they beat their staves against + the ground, one against the other, as there had been an hundred sheepe + betwixt them. Hold in, said the one. Beware the leaping over the bridge + of any sheepe, said the other. I care not, said the other. They shall + not come this way, said the one. But they shall, said the other. Then + said the other, and if that thou make much to doe, I will put my finger + in thy mouth. A t..d thou wilt, said the other. And as they were at + their contention, another man of _Gottam_ came from the market with a + sack of meale upon a horse, and seeing and hearing his neighbours at + strife for sheepe, and none betwixt them, said, Ah, fooles, will you + never learn wit? Helpe me, said he that had the meale, and lay my sacke + upon my shoulder. They did so and he went to the one side of the + bridge, and unloosed the mouth of the sacke, and did shake out all his + meale into the river. Now, neighbours, said the mall, how much meale is + there in my sacke now? Marry, there is none at all, said they. Now, by + my faith, said he, even as much wit as in your two heads, to strive for + that thing you have not. Which was the wisest of all these three + persons, judge you?" + +4. Tom Coryat, in an oration to the Duke of York (afterwards Chas. I.), +called _Crambe, or Colwarts twice sodden_ (London, 1611), has this +passage:-- + + "I came to Venice, and quickly took a survey of the whole model of the + city, together with the most remarkable matters thereof; and shortly + after any arrival in England I overcame any adversaries in the Town of + Evill, in my native county of Somersetshire, who thought to have sunk + me in a bargain of pilchards, as the _wise men of Gottam_ went about to + drown an eel." + +5. Dr. More's _Antidote against Atheism_, cap. ii. § 14.: + + "But because so many bullets joggled together in a man's hat will + settle a determinate figure, or because the frost and wind will draw + upon doors and glass windows pretty uncouth streaks like feathers and + other fooleries which are to no use or purpose, try infer thence, that + all the contrivances that are in nature, even the frame of the bodies, + both of men and beasts, are from no other principle but the jumbling + together of the matter, and so because that this doth naturally effect + something, that is the cause of all things, seems to me to be reasoning + in the same mood and figure with that wise market man's, who, going + down a hill and carrying his cheeses under his arms, one of them + falling and trundling down the hill very fast, let the other go after + it appointing them all to meet him at his house at _Gotham_, not + doubting but they beginning so hopefully, would be able to make good + the whole journey; or like another of the same town, who perceiving + that his iron trevet he had bought had three feet, and could stand, + expected also that it should walk too, and save him the labour of the + carriage." + +6. Col. T. Perronet Thompson's Works, vol. ii. p. 236., _Anti-Corn-Law +Tracts_:-- + + "If fooleries of this kind go on, _Gotham_ will be put in Schedule A., + and the representation of Unreason transferred into the West Riding." + +J.R.M., M.A. + +K.C.L. Nov. 26. 1850. + + * * * * * + +HERSTMONCEUX CASTLE. + +Can you find an early place in your pages for the following Queries +relative to the history of Herstmonceux Castle and its lords, on which a +memoir is in preparation for the next volume of the collections of the +Sussex Archæological Society. + +1. Who was Pharamuse of Boulogne, father of Sybil de Tingry? He is called +the _nephew_ of Maud, King Stephen's wife; but I believe there is no doubt +that she was the only child and sole heir of Eustace Earl of Boulogne, +brother of Godfrey, King of Jerusalem. Where is _Tingry_, of which place he +was lord? Is there any place in the North of France bearing that name now? + +2. Will any one well skilled in the interpretation of ancient legal +documents furnish some explanation of the following extracts from the +_Rotul. de Fin._ (Hardy, i. 19.):-- + + "1199. William de Warburton and Ingelram de Monceux give 500 marks to + the king for having the inheritance of Juliana, wife of William, son of + Aymer, whose next of kin they say they are." + +Yet six years later, 1205 (Hardy, i. 310 )-- + + "Waleran de Monceux gives 100 marks for having the reasonable + (rationabilis) part of the inheritance of Juliana, as regards (versus) + Wm. de Warburton, William and Waleran being her next of kin." + +This Waleran was son of Idonea _de Herst_ (now Herst Monceux), and appears +in other documents as "Waleran _de Herst_." The land in question was in +_Compton_ (afterwards Compton _Monceux_), Hants. + +Now how are we to reconcile the two above-quoted documents? What was the +connexion {478} between Ingelram and Waleran? And how is Waleran's double +appellation to be explained? I see a reference to a family named _de +Mounceaux_ in the last number of the _Archæological Journal_, p. 300., +holding a manor near Hawbridge, Somerset Were they of the same stock? + +3. The magnificent monument in Herstmonceux church to Thomas Lord Dacre +(who died 1534), and his eldest son, is embellished with a considerable +number of coats of arms, several of which I am unable to identity with any +connexions of the family. These are,--(1.) Sable, a cross or; (2.) Barry of +six, ar. and az., a bend gules; (3.) Arg. a fesse gules; (4.) Quarterly or, +and gules, an escarbuncle sable; (5.) Barry of six, arg. and gules; (6.) +Azure, an orle of martlets or, on an inescutcheon arg. three bass gules. + +Can any of your readers, acquainted with the Dacre and Fienes pedigrees, +appropriate any of these coats? + +4. A suite of small bed-rooms, and the gallery from which they opened, in +Herstmonceux Castle, were called respectively the _Bethlem Chambers_ and +_Bethlem Gallery_: is any instance of a similar denomination of apartments +known, and can the reason be assigned? + +5. Sir Roger Fienes, the builder of Herstmonceux Castle, accompanied Henry +V. to Agincourt. Are any references to him to be found in Sir H. Nicolas' +_Battle of Azincourt_, or elsewhere? + +6. Francis Lord Dacre was one of the noble twelve who had the courage to +appear in their places in the House of Lords and reject the ordinance for +the trial of Charles I. His son Thomas, who married the daughter of Charles +II. by the Duchess of Cleveland, and was created Earl of Sussex, was +compelled through his extravagance to alienate the castle and manor of +Herstmonceux. Are there any references to either of these peers, who played +a not inconspicuous part in the events of their times, in any of the +contemporary memoirs? Any information on any of the above points would +greatly oblige + +E.V. + +Herstmonceux, Nov. 18. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Yorkshire Ballads._--Any of your readers would confer a great favour by +referring me to any early Yorkshire ballads, or ballads relating to places +in Yorkshire, not reprinted in the ordinary collections, such as Percy, +Evans, &c. I am of course acquainted with those in the Roxburghe +collection. + +H. + +_Ringing a Handbell before a Corpse._--Is it true that whenever an +interment takes place in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, the corpse is +preceded on its way to the grave by a person who rings a small handbell at +intervals, each time giving a few tinkling strokes? My informant on this +subject was an Oxford undergraduate, who said that he had recently +witnessed the burials both of Mr. ----, a late student of Christ Church, +and of Miss ----, daughter of a living bishop: and he assured me that in +both cases this ceremony was observed. Certainly it is possible to go +through the academical course at Oxford without either hearing the bell, or +knowing of its use on such occasions: but I should now be glad to receive +some explanation of this singular custom. + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield. + +_Church of St. Saviour, Canterbury._--Tradition, I believe, has uniformly +represented that an edifice more ancient, but upon the present site of St. +Martin's, Canterbury, was used by St. Augustine and his followers in the +earliest age of Christianity in this country. St. Martin's has, on that +account, been often spoken of as the mother-church of England. Lately, +however, in perusing the fourth volume of Mr. Kemble's _Codex +Diplomaticus_, p. 1. I find a charter of King Canute, of the year 1018, +which states the church of ST. SAVIOUR, _Canterbury_, to be the +mother-church of England: + + "Æcclesia Salvatoris in Dorobernia sita, omnium Æcclesiarum regni + Angligeni _mater et domina_." + +In none of the histories of Kent or of Canterbury can I find any mention of +a church dedicated to St. Saviour. May I beg the favour of you to insert +this among your Notes? + +HENRY ELLIS. + +_Mock Beggar's Hall._--What is the origin of this name as applied to some +old mansions? One at Wallasey, in Cheshire, was so named, and another near +Ipswich, in Suffolk. And what is the earliest instance of the title? + +BURIENSIS. + +_Beatrix Lady Talbot._--Since the publication of Sir Harris Nicolas' able +contribution to the _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_ (vol. i. pp. +80-90.) no one may be excused for confounding, as Dugdale and his followers +had done, Beatrix Lady Talbot with Donna Beatrix, daughter of John, King of +Portugal, to whom Thomas FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, was married, 26th Nov., +1405. What I now wish to learn is, whether anything has since been +discovered to elucidate further the pedigree of Lady Talbot? It is evident +that she was of Portuguese origin; and it may be inferred from the +quarterings on her seal, as shown in a manuscript in the British Museum +(1st and 4th arg., five escutcheons in cross az., each charged with five +plates in saltire, for _Portugal_; and 2nd and 3rd az., five crescents in +saltire, or), that she was a member of the Portuguese family of Pinto, +which is the only house in Portugal that bears the five crescents in +saltire, as displayed on the seal. + +SCOTUS. + +{479} + +_English Prize Essays._--Is there at present, in either of the +universities, or elsewhere, any prize, medal, or premium given for English +essays, for which all England could compete, irrespective of birth, place +of education, &c.; and, if so, particulars as to where such could be +obtained, would greatly oblige + +MODEST AMBITION. + +_Rev. Joseph Blanco White._--_History of the Inquisition._--In the Rev. +J.H. Thom's _Life of the Rev. Joseph Blanco White_ it is stated that he had +made a collection for a history of the Inquisition which he intended to +publish; and in a batch of advertisements preceding the first volume of +Smedley's _Reformed Religion in France_, published in 1832 by Rivingtons, +as part of their Theological Library. I find an announcement of other works +to be included in the series, and amongst others, already in preparation, +_The Origin and Growth of the Roman Catholic Inquisition against Heresy and +Apostacy_; by Joseph Blanco White, M.A. I need not ask whether the work was +_published_, for it is not to be found in the London Catalogue; but I wish +to ask whether any portion of the work was ever placed in the publisher's +hands, or ever printed; or whether he made any considerable progress in the +collection, and, if so, in whose hands the MSS. are? Such papers, if they +exist, would probably prove of too much importance to allow of their +remaining unpublished. + +IOTA. + +_Lady Deloraine._--The _Delia_ of Pope's line, + + "Slander or poison dread from _Delia's_ rage," + +is supposed to have been Lady Deloraine, who remarried W. Windam, Esq., of +Carsham, and died in Oct., 1744. The person said to have been poisoned was +a Miss Mackenzie. Are the grounds of this strange suspicion known? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Speke Family._--I shall be glad to ascertain the family name and the +armorial bearings of Alice, wife of Sir John Speke, father of Sir John +Speke, founder of the chapel of St. George in Exeter Cathedral. She is said +to have been maid of honour to Queen Catherine. + +J.D.S. + +_Pope's Villa._--In Pope's _Literary Correspondence_, published by Curll, +an engraving, is advertised of his (Pope's) Villa at Twickenham, engraved +by Rysbrach and published by Curll. Are any of your correspondents aware of +the existence of a copy, and the price at which it can be obtained? + +C. BATHURST W. + +_Armorial Bearings._--Among the numerous coats-armorial in the great east +window of the choir of Exeter Cathedral, there is one respecting which I am +at a loss. Argent a cross between four crescents gules. Can either of your +readers kindly afford the name? + +J.D.S. + +_Passage from Tennyson._--You have so many correspondents well versed in +lore and legend, that I am induced to beg through you for an explanation of +the allusion contained in the following passage of Tennyson:-- + + "Morn broaden'd on the borders of the dark, + Ere I saw her, who clasp'd in her last trance + Her murder'd father's head." + +It occurs in the _Dream of Fair Women_, st. 67. + +W.M.C. + +Cambridge. + +_Sauenap, Meaning of._--In the will of Jane Heryng, of Bury, 1419, occurs +this bequest:-- + + "To Alyson my dowter, xl s. and ij pottys of bras neste the beste, and + a peyr bedys of blak _get_, and a grene hod, and a red hod, and a gowne + of violet, and another of tanne, and a towayll of diaper werk, and a + _sauenap_; also a cloke and rownd table." + +What was the _sauenap_? + +BURIENSIS. + +_Hoods worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge._--Pray permit me to +inquire, through your agency, what is the proper lining of the scarlet +cloth hoods worn by doctors in the three faculties of the university of +Cambridge? The robe-makers of Cambridge have determined upon a pink or +rose-coloured silk for all; the London artists adopt a shot silk (light +blue and crimson) sometimes for all faculties, at others for Doctors in +Divinity only. On ancient monuments (there is one in Canterbury Cathedral) +I find that the hoods were lined with ermine; and this is the material of +those attached to the full-dress robes of doctors on the occasion of their +creation, and in the schools, and at congregations. I cannot find the +statutes bearing upon the subject. + +As the Oxford statutes have recently been published, the matter is not so +much in the dark,--black silk being the material prescribed for the lining +of hoods of Doctors in Divinity, and those of the doctors in the other +faculties being prescribed to be of _silk of any intermediate colour_, +which the Oxford doctors understand to mean a deep rose-colour. + +D.C.L. + +U. University Club, Dec. 4. 1850. + +_Euclid and Aristotle._--The ordinary chronologies place Aristotle as +nearly a century anterior to Euclid; but Professor De Morgan ("Eucleides," +in Dr. Smith's _Biographical Dictionary_) considers them as contemporary. +Any of your readers conversant with the subject will oblige me by saying +_which_ is right, and likewise _why_ so. + +GEOMETRICUS. + +_Ventriloquism. Fanningus the King's Whisperer._--To the Query respecting +Brandon the juggler (Vol. ii., p. 424.), I beg leave to add another +somewhat similar. Where is any information to be obtained of "The King's +Whisperer, [Greek: engastrimythos], nomine Fanningus, who resided at Oxford +in 1643?" + +T.J. + +{480} + +_Frances Lady Norton._--Can any of your readers give me an account of the +life of Frances Lady Norton, who wrote a work, entitled _The Applause of +Virtue, in Four Parts, consisting of Divine and Moral Essays towards the +obtaining of True Virtue_, 4to. 1705? It is a very delightful book, full of +patristic learning. I am aware she was the daughter of Ralph Freke, Esq., +of Hannington, and married Sir George Norton, Knt. of Abbot's Leigh, in the +county of Somerset. I wish to know what other books she wrote, if any, and +where her life may be found? Perhaps the Freke family could furnish an +account of this learned lady. The work I believe to be extremely scarce. + +RICHARD HOOPER. + +_Westminster Wedding._--Jeremy Collier says, in one of his _Essays_ (Part +iii. Essay viii.): + + "As for the business of friendship you mentioned, 'tis not to be had at + a _Westminster Wedding_." + +Being much interested in weddings in Westminster at the present day, I +should be much obliged to any of your readers who can throw any light on +the observation of the Essayist, as above cited. What other authors use the +term? + +R.H. + +_Stone's Diary._--Stone, the celebrated sculptor, left a valuable diary. +The MS. was in the possession of Vertue the engraver. Has it ever been +printed? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Dr. King's Poem of The Toast._--Where can I find a key to Dr. King's +_Heroic Poem_, called _The Toast?_ Isaac Reed's copy, with a _manuscript +key_, sold at his sale for 10l. 10s. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Anima Magis, &c._--To whom is this sentence to be ascribed-- + + "Anima magis est ubi amat + Quam ubi animat." + +TYRO-ETYMOLOGICUS. + +_The Adventures of Peter Wilkins._--Is the author of this delightful work +of fiction known? The first edition was published in 1751, but it does not +contain the dedication to Elizabeth, Countess of Northumberland, found in +later impressions. When was this dedication added? It is observable that in +all the editions I have seen, the initials R.P. are signed to the +dedication, while R.S. appears on the title-page. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Talmud, Translations of._--1. Have there been any English translations of +the Talmud, or any complete section of it? 2. What are the most esteemed +Continental and Latin translations? + +S.P.H.T. + +_Torn by Horses._--What is the last instance in the history of France of a +culprit being torn by horses? Jean Châtel, who attempted to assassinate +Henri Quatre, suffered thus in 1595. (Crowe's _France_, i. 364.) + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +_The Marks_ *, [obelus], [diesis], _&c._--What is the origin of the +asterisk, obelus, &c., used for references to notes? When were they first +used? What are their proper names? + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +Totteridge, Herts, Oct. 23. + +_Blackguard._--Walking once through South Wales, we found an old woman by +the roadside selling a drink she called _blackguard_. It was composed of +beer and gin, spiced with pepper, and well deserved its name. Is this a +common beverage in the principality? + +J.W.H. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY. + +I am much obliged to your correspondent LAICUS for his inquiry respecting +the proposed Society (Vol. ii., p. 464). Will you allow me to express to +him my confident hope, that the proposed plan, or some modification of it +by a committee (when one shall exist) may in due time be carried out. But +there seems to be no reason for haste; and in the formation of such body it +is desirable to have as many avowed supporters to select from as possible. +I do not think that the matter is much known yet, though I have to thank +you for a kind notice; and I need not tell some of your correspondents that +I have received very encouraging letters. But, in truth, as I did not +expect any profit, or desire any responsibility as to either money or +management, and only wished to lay before the public an idea which had +existed in my own mind for some years, and which had obtained the sanction +of some whom I thought competent judges; and as I had, moreover, published +pamphlets enough to know that a contribution of waste paper to any object +is often one of the most costly, I did not feel myself called on to go to +so much expense in advertising as I perhaps might have done if I had been +spending the money of a society instead of my own. I sent but few copies; +none, I believe, except to persons with whom I had some acquaintance, and +whom I thought likely to take more or less interest in the subject. + +I trust, however, that the matter is quietly and solidly growing; and from +communications which I have received, and resources on which I believe I +may reckon, I feel no doubt that if it were considered desirable, friends +and money enough to set such a society going might be immediately brought +forward. It is one advantage of the proposed plan, that it may be tried on +almost any scale. A society so constituted would NOT begin its existence +{481} with great promises of returns to subscribers, and heavy engagements +to printers, papermakers, and editors. Its only _necessary_ expenses would +be those of _management_; and if the society were very small, these +expenses would be so too. It is, indeed, hardly possible to imagine that +they should be such as not to leave something to be funded for future use, +if they did not furnish means for immediate display; but it seems better to +wait patiently until such real substantial support is guaranteed as may +prevent all apprehension on that score. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + + * * * * * + +DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. + +(Vol. ii., p. 442.) + +It is quite startling to be told that the title of "Defender of the Faith" +was used by any royal predecessor of Henry VIII. + +Selden (_Titles of Honour_, ed 1631, p. 54) says: + + "The beginning and ground of that attribute of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, + which hath been perpetually, in the later ages, added to the style of + the kings of England, (not only in the first person, but frequent also + in the second and in the third, as common use shows in the formality of + instruments of conveyance, leases and such like) is most certainly + known. It began in Henry the VIII. For he, in those awaking times, upon + the quarrel of the Romanists and Lutherans, wrote a volume against + Luther," &c. + +Selden then states the well-known occasion upon which this title was +conferred, and sets out the Bull of Leo X. (then extant in the Collection +of Sir Robert Cotton, and now in the British Museum), whereby the Pope, +"holding it just to distinguish those who have undertaken such pious +labours for defending the faith of Christ with every honour and +commendation," decrees that to the title of King the subjects of the royal +controversialist shall add the title "Fidei Defensori." The pontiff adds, +that a more worthy title could not be found. + +Your correspondent, COLONEL ANSTRUTHER, calls attention to the statement +made by Mr. Christopher Wren, Secretary of the Order of the Garter (A.D. +1736), in his letter to Francis Peck, on the authority of the Register of +the Order in his possession; which letter is quoted by Burke (_Dorm. and +Ext. Bar._, iv. 408.), that "King Henry VII. had the title Defender of the +Faith." It is not found in any acts or instruments of his reign that I am +acquainted with, nor in the proclamation on his interment, nor in any of +the epitaphs engraved on his magnificent tomb. (Sandford, _Geneal. Hist._) +Nor is it probable that Pope Leo X., in those days of diplomatic +intercourse with England, would have bestowed on Henry VIII., as a special +and personal distinction and reward, a title that had been used by his +royal predecessors. + +I am not aware that any such title is attributed to the sovereign in any of +the English records anterior to 1521; but that many English kings gloried +in professing their zeal to defend the Church and religion, appears from +many examples. Henry IV., in the second year of his reign, promises to +maintain and defend the Christian religion (_Rot. Parl._, iii. 466.); and +on his renewed promise, in the fourth year of his reign, to defend the +Christian faith, the Commons piously grant a subsidy (_Ibid._, 493.); and +Henry VI., in the twentieth year of his reign, acts as keeper of the +Christian faith. (_Rot. Parl._, v. 61.) + +In the admonition used in the investiture of a knight with the insignia of +the Garter, he is told to take the crimson robe, and being therewith +defended, to be bold to fight and shed his blood for Christ's faith, the +liberties of the Church, and the defence of the oppressed. In this sense, +the sovereign and every knight became a sworn defender of the faith. Can +this duty have come to be popularly attributed as part of the royal style +and title? + +The Bull of Leo X., which confers the title on Henry VIII. personally, does +not make it inheritable by his successors, so that none but that king +himself could claim the honour. The Bull granted two years afterwards by +Clement VII. merely confirms the grant of Pope Leo to the king himself. It +was given, as we know, for his assertion of doctrines of the Church of +Rome; yet he retained it after his separation from the Roman Catholic +communion, and after it had been formally revoked and withdrawn by Pope +Paul III. in the twenty-seventh year of Henry VIII., upon the king's +apostacy in turning suppressor of religious houses. In 1543, the +Reformation legislature and the Anti-papal king, without condescending to +notice any Papal Bulls, assumed to treat the title that the Pope had given +and taken away as a subject of Parliamentary gift, and annexed it for ever +to the English crown by the statute 35 Hen. VIII. c. 3., from which I make +the following extract, as its language bears upon the question: + + "Where our most dread, &c., lord the king, hath heretofore been, and is + justly, lawfully, and notoriously knowen, named, published, and + declared to be King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the + Faith, and the Church of England and also of Ireland, in earth supreme + head; and hath justly and lawfully used the title and name thereof as + to his Grace appertaineth. Be it enacted, &c., that all and singular + his Graces' subject, &c., shall from henceforth accept and take the + same his Majesty's style ... viz., in the English tongue by these + words, Henry the Eighth, by the grace of God King of England, France, + and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England, and + also of Ireland, in earth the supreme head; and that the said style, + &c., shall be, &c., united {482} and annexed for ever to the imperial + crown of his highness's realms of England." + +By the supposed authority of this statute, and notwithstanding the +revocation of the title by Pope Paul III., and its omission in the Bull +addressed by Pope Julius III. to Philip and Mary, that princess, before and +after her marriage, used this style, and the statute having, been +re-established by 1 Eliz. c. 1., the example has been followed by her royal +Protestant successors, who wished thereby to declare themselves Defenders +of the Anti-papal Church. The learned Bishop Gibson, in his _Codex_ (i. 33, +note), treats this title as having commenced in Henry VIII. So do Blount, +Cowel, and such like authorities. + +WM. SIDNEY GIBSON. + +Newcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 1850. + +P.S. Since writing the above, I have found (in the nineteenth volume of +_Archæologia_, pp. 1-10.) an essay by Mr. Alex. Luders on this very +subject, in which that able writer, who was well accustomed to examine +historical records, refers to many examples in which the title "Most +Christian King" was attributed to, or used by English sovereigns, as well +as the kings of France; and to the fact, that this style was used by Henry +VII., as appears from his contract with the Abbot of Westminster (Harl. MS. +1498.). Selden tells us that the emperors had from early times been styled +"Defensores Ecclesiæ;" and from the instances cited by Mr. Luders, it +appears that the title of "Most Christian" was appropriated to kings of +France from a very ancient period; that Pepin received it (A.D. 755) from +the Pope, and Charles the Bald (A.D. 859) from a Council: and Charles VI. +refers to ancient usage for this title, and makes use of these words: + + "--nostrorum progenitorum imitatione--evangelicæ + veritatis--DEFENSORES--nostra regia dignitas divino Christianæ + religionis titulo gloriosius insignitur--." + +Mr. Luders refers to the use of the words "Nos zelo _fidei catholicæ_, +cujus sumus et erimus Deo dante _Defensores_, salubriter commoti" in the +charter of Richard II. to the Chancellor of Oxford, in the nineteenth year +of his reign, as the earliest introduction of such phrases into acts of the +kings of England that he had met with. This zeal was for the condemnation +of Wycliff's _Trialogus_. In the reign of Hen. IV. the writ "De Hæretico +comburendo" had the words "Zelator justitia et fidei catholicæ cultor;" and +the title of "Très Chrêtien" occurs in several instruments of Hen. VI. and +Edw. IV. It appears very probable that this usage was the foundation of the +statement made by Chamberlayne and by Mr. Christopher Wren: but that the +title of Defender of the Faith was used as part of the royal style before +1521, is, I believe, quite untrue. + +W.S.G. + + * * * * * + +MEANING OF JEZEBEL. + +(Vol. ii., p. 357.) + +There appear to be two serious objections to the idea of your correspondent +W.G.H. respecting the appearance of _Baal_ in this word: 1. The original +orthography ([Hebrew: 'iyzebel]); whereas the name of the deity is found on +all Phoenician monuments, where it enters largely into the composition of +proper names, written [Hebrew: b`l]: and, 2. The fact of female names being +generally on these same monuments (as tombstones and so forth) compounded +of the name of a _goddess_, specially Astarth ([Hebrew: 'atiorit] or +[Hebrew: `a]). I do not know that we have any example of a female name into +which _Baal_ enters. + +The derivation of the word appears to be that given by Gesenius (s.v.); +that it is compounded of the root [Hebrew: zabal] (habitavit, cohabitavit) +and the negative [Hebrew: 'eiyn], and that its meaning is the same as +[Greek: alochos], casta: comp. _Agnes_. _Isabel_, in fact, would be a name +nearer the original than the form in which we have it. + +SC. + +Carmarthen, Oct. 29. 1850. + +_Jezebel._--W.G.H. has been misled by the ending _bel_. The Phoenician god +_Bel_ or _Baal_ has nothing to do with this name,--the component words +being _Je-zebel_, not _Jeze-bel_. Of the various explanations given, that +of Gesenius (_Heb. Lex._, s. voc.) appears, as usual, the simplest and most +rational. The name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] (Jezebel) he derives from [Hebrew: +'iy] (_i_) "not" (comp. I-chabod, "In-glorious") and [Hebrew: zabal] +(zábal), "to dwell, cohabit with." + +The name will then mean "without cohabitation," _i.e._ [Greek: alochos] +(Plat. _Theæt._) "chaste, modest." Comp. _Agnes_, _Katherine_, &c. + +Less satisfactory explanations may be found in Calmet's _Dictionary_, and +the _Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature_, edited by Dr. Kitlo. + +R.T.H.G. + +_Jezebel._--The Hebrew spelling [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] presents so much +difficulty, that I fear such a derivation as W.G.H. wishes to obtain for +the name is not practicable by any known etymology. Nothing that I am aware +of, either in Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic, will help us. The nearest verb +that I can find is the Chaldee [Hebrew: 'aza'], signifying, "to light a +fire," parts of which occur two or three times in Dan. iii.; but I fear it +would be too daring a conjecture to interpret the name _quem Belus +accendit_ on the strength of that verb's existence. At present I feel +myself obliged to take the advice of Winer, in his _Lexicon_, "Satius est +ignorantiam fateri quam argutari." + +"Nominis origo (he says) non liquet. Sunt qui interpretentur _non stercus_, +Coll. 2 Reg. ix. 27., ineptè. {483} Simonis in Onom. dictum putat Ino +[Hebrew: n'iy zebel], _mansio habitationis_ (habitatio tectissima); +Gesenius _cui nemo concubuit_, Coll. [Hebrew: zbl], Gen. xxx. 20. Sed +satius," &c. + +Admitting that Hasdrubal is, in fact [Hebrew: `azrw beil], _Bel (was) his +helper_, we cannot possibly connect [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] with it. + +[Hebrew: b]. + +L---- Rectory, Somerset. + +_Jezebel._--Your correspondent W.G.H. believes this word to be derivable +from _Baal_. That the Phoenician word [Hebrew: ba`al] (Lord) makes a +component part of many Syrian names is well-known: but I do not think the +contracted form [Hebrew: beil], which was used by the Babylonians, is ever +found in any Syrian names. If we suppose the name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] to be +derived from [Hebrew: beil] or [Hebrew: ba`al], we must find a meaning for +the previous letters. Gesenius derives the name from [Hebrew: 'y], the +negative particle, [Hebrew: zbl], and gives it the sense of "innuba", +_i.e._ "pure," comparing it, as a female name, with the Christian Agnes. +There is but one passage, however, in Scripture which supports this +secondary sense of [Hebrew: zbl] properly, "to be round," or, "to make +round," and then "to dwell;" from whence [Hebrew: zbwl], "a dwelling or +habitation:" also [Hebrew: zbwlwn], "dwellings," the name which Leah gives +to her sixth son, because she hopes that thenceforward her husband [Hebrew: +yizbleiwiy], "will dwell with me." (Gen. xxx. 20.) Gesenius considers this +equivalent with "cohabit;" and from this single passage draws the sense +which he assigns to [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] This seems rather far-fetched. I am, +however, still inclined to give the sense of "pure, unpolluted," to +[Hebrew: 'iyzebel], but on different grounds. + +[Hebrew: zebel] has another sense, [Greek: kopros], particularly of camels, +from the round form; and the word was common, in the later Hebrew, in that +sense. Hence the evil spirit is called [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwl], a contemptuous +name, instead of [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwb] = [Greek: Beelzeboul] instead of +[Greek: Beelzeboub] (Matt. xii. 24.). + +The negative of this word [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] might, without any great +forcing of the literal sense, imply "the undefiled," [Greek: Amiautos]; and +this conjecture is supported by comparing 2 Kings, ix. 37. with the same +verse in the _Targum_ of Jonathan. They are as follows: (Heb.): + + [Hebrew: wihayta niblat 'iyzebel krmen `al-pneiy hasreh] + +In the _Targum_ thus: + + [Hebrew: wtiheiy nibeiylta' r'iyzebel kzebel mbarar `al 'apeiy taqla':] + +It is quite clear that the Targumists intended here a strong allusion to +the _original_ meaning of Jezebel's name; viz. that she who was named "the +undefiled" should become as "defilement." I am not sure whether a +disquisition of this kind may be considered irrelevant to your work; but as +the idea seems not an improbable one to some whose judgment I value, I +venture to send it. + +E.C.H. + + * * * * * + +SOCINIAN BOAST. + +(Vol. ii., p. 375.). + +One of your correspondents, referring to the lines lately quoted by Dr. +Pusey-- + + "Tota jacet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Calvinus muros, sed fundamenta Socinus." + +inquires "by what Socinian writer" are these two hexameter verses used ? + +In reply, I beg to remark that by "Socinian" is, I suppose, meant +"Unitarian," for even the immediate converts of Socinus refused to be +called Socinians, alleging that their belief was founded on the teaching of +Jesus Christ; and modern Unitarians, disowning all human authority in +religious matters, cannot take to themselves the name of Socinus. + +The distich, however, appears to have been in use among the Polish +Unitarians shortly after the death of Faustus Socinus, as respectfully +expressive of the exact effect which they conceived that he had produced in +the religious world. Mr. Wallace, in his _Antitrinitarian Biography_, vol. +iii. p. 323., states that it is "the epitaph said to have been inscribed on +the tomb of Faustus Socinus." Mr. Wallace's authority for this assertion I +have not been able to discover. Bock (_Hist. Antitrinitariorum_, vol. iii. +p. 725.), whom Mr. Wallace generally follows, observes that the adherents +of Faustus Socinus were accustomed to use these lines "respecting his +decease," (qui de ejus obitu canere soliti sunt). This would seem to imply +that the lines were composed not long after the death of Faustus Socinus. +Probably they formed originally a part of poem written as a eulogy on him +by some minister of the Unitarian church. The case would not be without a +parallel. + +Three versions of the distich are before me; that cited by Dr. Pusey, and +the two which follow:-- + + "Alta ruit Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus." + Fock, _Socinianismus_, vol. i. p. 180. + + "Tota ruet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus." + Bock, _ut supra_. + +Which is the original? Bock's reading has the preference in my mind, +because he is known to have founded his history on the results of his own +personal investigations among the manuscripts as {484} well as the printed +documents of the Polish Unitarian Churches. Besides, if, as there is reason +to believe, the lines were composed shortly after the death of F. Socinus, +_ruet_ (_will_ fall) would now correctly describe what, at so small a +distance from the days of Luther and Calvin, may be supposed to have been +the feeling among the Polish Unitarians; whereas Dr. Pusey's _jacet_ (lies +low, in the _present_ tense) does as certainly partake somewhat of the +grandiloquent. That no "boast," however, was intended, becomes probable, +when we consider that the distich was designed to convey a feeling of +reverence towards Socinus rather than an insult to Rome. + +JOHN R. BEARD. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_The Königs-stuhl at Rheuze_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--DR. BELL, who inquires +for an engraving of the old _Königs_ or _Kaisers-stuhl_, at Rheuze, is +referrred to the _History of Germany, on the Plan of Mrs. Markham's +Histories_, published by Murray, where, on the 188th page, he will find a +very neat woodcut of this building, which we are told was destroyed in +1807, and rebuilt after the original model in 1843. It is of an octagon +form, supported by pillars, with seven stone seats round the sides for the +electors, and one in the centre for the emperor. + +M.H.G. + + [The woodcuts of this work deserve especial commendation, being + accurate representations of objects of historical interest, instead of + the imaginative illustrations too often introduced into works which + claim to represent the truth of history. Many of the engravings, such + as that of the _room in which the Council of Constance was held_, and + the _Cages of the Anabaptists_ attached to the tower of _St. Lambert's + Church, Munster_, are, we have understood, copied from original + sketches placed at Mr. Murray's disposal for the purpose of being used + in the work in question.] + +_Mrs. Tempest_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--This lady was one of the two daughters +of Henry Tempest, Esq., of Newton Grange, Yorkshire (son of Sir John +Tempest of Tong Hall, who was created a baronet in 1664), by his wife +Alathea, daughter of Sir Henry Thompson of Marston, co. York. She died +unmarried in 1703. As the Daphne of Pope's pastoral "Winter," inscribed to +her memory, she is celebrated in terms which scarcely bear out the remark +of your correspondent, that the poet "has no special allusion to her." + +J.T. HAMMACK. + +_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--In reply to M.'s +Query, I beg to inform him, that to find a calendar of _both_ the above +churches, he need seek no further than the _Almanach de Gotha_ for the year +1851. He will there find what he wants, on authority no doubt sufficient. + +D.C. + +_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440).--I do not agree with L. in thinking that +the modern notion, that this word means "a forcible method of acquisition," +is an erroneous one; but have no doubt that, whatever its original +derivation may be, it was used in that sense. If William I. never pretended +"to annex the idea of victory to conquisition," it is certain that his son +William II. did: for we find a charter of his in the _Monasticon_ (ed. +1846), vol. vi. p. 992., confirming a grant of the church of St. Mary of +Andover to the abbey of St. Florence, at Salmur, in Anjou, in which there +is the following recital: + + "Noscant qui sunt et qui futuri sunt, quod Willielmus + rex, qui _armis Anglicam terram sibi subjugavit_, + dedit." &c. + +If this charter was granted by William I., under whom Dugdale has placed it +in his _Chronica Series_, p. 1., _nomine Baldric_, the argument is so much +the stronger; but I have endeavored to prove by internal evidence (_Judges +of England_, vol. i. p. 67.) that it is a charter of William II. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Thruscross_ (Vol. ii., p. 441.).--In a sermon preached at the funeral of +Lady Margaret Mainard, at Little Easton, in Essex, June 30, 1682, by Bishop +Ken, he says: + + "The silenced, and plundered, and persecuted clergy she thought worthy + of double honour, did vow a certain sum yearly out of her income, which + she laid aside, only to succour them. The congregations where she then + communicated, were those of the Reverend and pious Dr. Thruscross and + Dr. Mossom, both now in heaven, and that of the then Mr. Gunning, the + now most worthy Bishop of Ely, for whom she ever after had a peculiar + veneration." + + "My last son Izaak, borne the 7th of September, 1651, at halfe an houre + after two o'clock in the afternoone, being Sunday, and he was baptized + that evening by Mr. Thruscross, in my house in Clerkenwell. Mr. Henry + Davison and my brother Beacham were his godfathers, and Mrs. Roe his + godmother."--_Izaak Walton's Entry in his Prayer Book._ + +Peckhard, in his _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, p. 213., quotes Barwick's Life, +Oley, Thruscross, and Thorndike. + +W.P. + +_Osnaburgh Bishopric_ (Vol. ii., pp. 358. 447.).--The succession to this +bishopric was regulated by the Treaty of Westphalia, in 1648. By virtue of +that treaty the see of Osnaburgh is alternately possessed by a Romish and a +Protestant prince; and when it comes to the turn of a Protestant, it is to +be given to a younger son of the house of Hanover. The _Almanach de Gotha_ +will most probably supply the information who succeeded the late Duke of +York. Looking at the names of the titular bishops of Osnaburgh, it may be +inferred that the duties attached to the see are confined to its +temporalities. + +J.T. HAMMACK. + +{485} _Nicholas Ferrar_ (Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407. 444.).--The libellous +pamphlet, entitled _The Arminian Nunnery at Little Gidding_, is printed +entire in the Appendix to Hearne's Preface to Langtoft. One of the +Harmonies of the Life of Christ is in the British Museum, and another at +St. John's College, Oxford (Qy.) (See the list of MSS. once at Gidding, +Peckhard, p. 306.) N. Ferrar published and wrote the preface to Herbert's +_Temple_, 1633,--and translated Valdesso's _Divine Considerations_, Camb. +1646. + +W.P. + +_Butchers' Blue Dress_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--A blue dress does not show +stains of blood, inasmuch as blood, when dry, becomes of a blue colour. I +have always understood this to be the explanation of this custom. + +X.Z. + +_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--This portrait is +engraved in Strutt's _Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities_. + +J.I.D. + + [And we may add, in the edition of Tyrwhitt's _Canterbury Tales_, + published by Pickering--ED.] + +_Chaucer's Portrait_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--His portrait, from Occleve's +poem, has been engraved in octavo and folio by Vertue. Another, from the +Harleian MS., engraved by Worthington, is in Pickering's edition of +Tyrwhitt's _Chaucer_. Occleve's poem has not been printed; but see Ritson's +_Biblioth. Poetica_, and Warton's _H.E.P._ A full-length portrait of +Chaucer is given in Shaw's _Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages_; +another, on horseback, in Todd's _Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer_. + +W.P. + +_Lady Jane of Westmoreland_ (Vol. i., p. 103.).--I think your correspondent +Q.D. is wrong in his supposition that the two following entries in Mr. +Collier's second volume of _Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' +Company_ refer to a composition by Lady Jane of Westmoreland:-- + + "1585-6. Cold and uncoth blowes, of the Lady Jane of Westmorland. + + 1586-7. A songe of Lady Jane of Westmorland." + +My idea is, that the ballad (for Mr. Collier thinks that both entries +relate to one production) was merely one of those metrical ditties sung +about the streets of London depicting the woes and sufferings of some +unfortunate lady. The question is, who was this "unfortunate lady?" She was +the wife of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted about the year +1570, and died in Flanders anno 1584. I learn this from a MS. of the +period, now before me, entitled _Some Account of the Sufferinges of the +Ladye Jane of Westmorlande, who dyed in Exile. By T.C._ Perhaps at some +future time I may trouble your readers with an account of this highly +interesting MS. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Gray and Dodsley._--As the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has repeated his Queries on +Gray and Dodsley, I must make a second attempt to answer them with due +precision, assured that no man is more disposed than himself to communicate +information for the satisfaction of others. + +1. _Gray_: In the first edition of the _Elegy_ the epithet in question is +_droning_; and so it stands in the _Poems of Gray_, as edited by himself, +in 1753, 1768, &c. + +2. _Dodsley_: The first edition of the important poetical miscellany which +bears his name was published in 1748, in three volumes, 12mo. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The New Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and History_, may be +considered as the third in that important series of Classical Dictionaries +for which the world is indebted to the learning of Dr. Smith. As the +present work is distinguished by the same excellencies which have won for +the _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, and the _Dictionary of +Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_, the widely-spread reputation they +enjoy, we shall content ourselves with a few words explanatory of the +arrangement of a work which, it requires no great gift of prophecy to +foretell, must ere long push Lemprière from its stool. The present +Dictionary may be divided into three portions. The Biographical, which +includes all the historical names of importance which occur in the Greek +and Roman writers, from the earliest times down to the extinction of the +Western Empire; those of all Greek and Roman writers, whose works are +either extant or known to have exercised an influence upon their respective +literatures; and, lastly, those of all the more important artists of +antiquity. In the Mythological division may be noticed first, the +discrimination, hitherto not sufficiently attended to, between the Greek +and Roman mythology, and which in this volume is shown by giving an account +of the Greek divinities under their Greek names, and the Roman divinities +under their Latin names; and, secondly, what is of still more consequence, +the care to avoid as far as possible all indelicate allusions in the +respective histories of such divinities. Lastly, in the Geographical +portion of the work, and which will probably be found the most important +one, very few omissions will be discovered of names occurring in the chief +classical writers. This brief sketch of the contents of this _New Classical +Dictionary_ will satisfy our readers that Dr. Smith has produced a volume, +not only of immense value to those who are entering upon their classical +studies, but one which will be found a most useful handbook to the scholar +and the more advanced student. + +_The Greek Church, A Sketch_, is the last of the Shilling Series in which +Mr. Appleyard has described {486} the different sections of Christendom, +with a view to their ultimate reunion. Like its predecessors, the volume is +amiable and interesting, but being historical rather than doctrinal, is +scarcely calculated to give the uninformed reader a very precise view of +the creed of the Greek Church. It may serve, however, to assure us that the +acrimony of religious discussion and the mutual jealousy of Church and +State, which disquiets so many minds at present, was more than matched in +the days of Constantine and Athanasius. + +The last part of the _Transactions of the Academy of Sciences_ of Berlin +contains two papers by Jacob Grimm, which will doubtless be perused with +great interest in this country. The one on the ancient practice of burning +the bodies of the dead (_Ueber das Verbrennen der Leichen_) will be of +especial interest to English antiquaries; but the other, from its connexion +with the great educational questions which now occupy so much of public +attention, will probably be yet more attractive. It is entitled, _Ueber +Schüle Universität Academie_. Separate copies of these Essays may be +procured from Messrs. Williams and Norgate. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (Wellington Street, Strand) will sell on +Monday next and two following days the valuable Dramatic and Miscellaneous +Library of the late John Fullarton, Esq., which contains an extensive +collection of the early editions of the Old English Dramatists. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle +Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 21. for 1850, of Antiquarian, +Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; William Heath's +(29œ, Lincoln Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 6. for 1850, of Valuable +Second-hand Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List of very Cheap Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +LAW'S LETTERS TO BISHOP HOADLEY. + +MILLES, REV. ISAAC, ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND CONVERSATION OF, 1721. + +BRAY, REV. T., PUBLIC SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIFE AND DESIGNS OF, 8vo. +1746. + +HUET'S COMMERCE OF THE ANCIENTS, 1717. + +VINCE'S ASTRONOMY, 3 Vols. 1808. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +JEEDEE. _Notwithstanding Dr. Parr's assertion to the contrary, the _MALLEUS +MALEFICARUM_ is by no means an uncommon book, as may be seen by a reference +to Grüsse _(Bibliotheca Magica, p. 32.)_, where upwards of a dozen editions +are enumerated, and a table of its contents may be seen. The work has been +very fully analysed in the second volume of Horst's Dämonomagie, and, if we +remember rightly, its history is told by Soldan in his _Gesch. der +Hexenprocesse. + +R.H. (Trin. Coll. Dub.) _will see that it is impossible to adopt his kind +suggestion without spoiling the uniformity of the work. We have a bound +copy of our First Volume now before us, and can assure him that, although +the margin is necessarily narrow the book has not been spoilt by the +binder._ + +J.S. Nortor _or _Nawter_ is only the provincial mode of pronouncing +_neatherd_. The _Nolt_ market is the ancient name of a street in +Newcastle--the cattle-market. See Brockett's _Gloss. of North Country +Words_, s.v. _NOWT_ or _NOLT. + +A.H. (Stoke Newington). "Limbeck" _is used by Shakspeare for _"Alembic;"_ +and in the passage in Macbeth_,-- + + "That memory, the warder of the brain, + Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason + A limbeck only." + +Receipt _is used in the sense of _receptacle_; and (we quote from one of +the commentators)_, "The _limbeck_ is the vessel through which distilled +liquors pass into the recipients. So shall it be with memory, through which +every thing shall pass, and nothing remain." + +DJEDALEME TEBEYR. _Some of our correspondent's articles would, we have no +doubt, have appeared ere this, but for the difficulty of deciphering his +handwriting. Our correspondents little know how greatly they would +facilitate our labours by writing more legibly._ + +_Errata._--P. 406, col. 2. l. 45, for "vingto" read "MSto;" l. 48, for +"indefe_n_sus" read "indefe_s_sus." P. 469, col. 1. lines 44, 50, and 53, +for "Litt_ers_" read "Litt_us_." + +In the advertisement of Mr. Appleyard's _Greek Church_, in our last Number, +p. 471, for "Darling, Great _Cullen_ Street," read "Darling, Great _Queen_ +Street." + + * * * * * + + +Labitzky's quadrille of all nations, dedicated by special permission to +H.R.H. Prince Albert, performed Eighteen consecutive Nights at the GRAND +NATIONAL CONCERTS, and invariably encored twice or three times nightly +_[some words illegible]_ 4s.; Piano Duet, 6s., Orchestra, 8s. On Order of +all good Music-sellers, and of the Publishers, MESSRS. R. COCKS AND CO., +New Burlington Street, London, Publishers to Her Most Gracious Majesty. + +N.B.--Just published, COCKS'S MUSICAL MISCELLANY, for October, November, +and December. 2d. each; stamped 3d. each. + + * * * * * + +DR. WORDSWORTH'S TREATISE ON THE CHURCH, SIXTH EDITION. + +In crown 8vo., price 8s. 6d., the Sixth Edition of THEOPHILUS ANGLICANUS; +or, Instruction concerning the CHURCH, and the Anglican Branch of it. For +the Use of Schools, Colleges, and Candidates for Holy Orders. By CHR. +WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster. + +RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; Of whom may be had, + +1. ELEMENTS OF INSTRUCTION CONCERNING THE CHURCH. By the SAME AUTHOR. 3s. +6d. + +2. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 473 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page473" id="page473"></a>{473}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="25%"> + <b>No. 59.</b> + </td> + <td align="center" width="50%"> + <b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14. 1850.</b> + </td> + <td align="right" width="25%"> + <b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="94%"> + NOTES:— + </td> + <td align="left" width="5%"> + Page + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + The First Paper-mill in England, by Dr. E.F. Rimbault + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page473">473</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Specimens of Foreign English + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page474">474</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Folk Lore:—May-dew—Piskies—The Dun Cow—Lady + Godiva—"Can du plera meleor cera" + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page474">474</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Notes—Circulation of the Blood—Origin of the Word + "Culprit"—Collar of SS.—The Singing of Swans—Sir + Thomas Herbert's Memoirs—Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and + Bunyan—Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is + White—Nicholas Bretons Fantasticks + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page475">475</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + QUERIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + The Wise Men of Gotham + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page476">476</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Herstmonceux Castle + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page477">477</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Queries:—Yorkshire Ballads—Ringing a Hand-bell + before a Corpse—Church of St. Savior, Canterbury—Mock + Beggar's Hall—Beatrix Lady Talbot—English Prize + Essays—Rev. Joseph Blanco White—History of the + Inquisition—Lady Deloraine—Speke Family—Pope's + Villa—Armorial Bearings—Passage From + Tennyson—Meaning of "Sauenap"—Hoods worn by Doctors of + the University of Cambridge—Euclid and + Aristotle—Ventriloquism—Fanningus, the King's + Whisperer—Frances Lady Norton—Westminster + Wedding—Stone's Diary—Dr. King's poem of "The + Toast"—"Anima Magis" etc.—The Adventures of Peter + Wilkins—Translations of the Talmud—Torn by + Horses—The Marks *, †, ‡, + &c.—Blackguard + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page478">478</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + REPLIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Church History Society, by S.R. Maitland + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page480">480</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Defender of the Faith, by W.S. Gibson + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page481">481</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Meaning of Jezebel + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page482">482</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Socinian Boast, by J.R. Beard + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page483">483</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Replies to Minor Queries:—The König stuhl at Rheuze —Mrs. + Tempest—Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish + Churches—The Conquest—Thruscross—Osnaburgh + Bishopric—Nicholas Ferrar—Butcher's Blue + Dress—Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve—Lady Jane of + Westmoreland—Gray and Dodsley + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page484">484</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + MISCELLANEOUS:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page485">485</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page486">486</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notices to Correspondents + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page486">486</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Advertisements + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page486">486</a> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>NOTES.</h2> + +<h3>THE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND.</h3> + + <p>In the year 1588, a paper-mill was established at Dartford, in Kent, + by John Spilman, "jeweller to the Queen." The particulars of this mill + are recorded in a poem by Thomas Churchyard, published shortly after its + foundation, under the following title:—</p> + + <p>"A description and playne discourse of paper, and the whole benefits + that paper brings, with rehearsall, and setting foorth in verse a + paper-myll built near Darthforth, by an high Germaine, called Master + Spilman, jeweller to the Queene's Majyestie."</p> + + <p>The writer says:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"(Then) he that made for us a paper-mill,</p> + <p>Is worthy well of love and worldes good will,</p> + <p>And though his name be <i>Spill-man</i>, by degree,</p> + <p>Yet <i>Help</i>-man now, he shall be called by mee.</p> + <p>Six hundred men are set at work by him,</p> + <p>That else might starve, or seeke abroade their bread;</p> + <p>Who now live well, and go full brave and trim,</p> + <p>And who may boast <i>they</i> are with paper fed."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In another part of the poem Churchyard adds:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"An high Germaine he is, as may be proovde,</p> + <p>In Lyndoam Bodenze, borne and bred,</p> + <p>And for this mille, may heere be truly lovde,</p> + <p>And praysed, too, for deep device of head."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is a common idea that this was the first paper-mill erected in + England; and we find an intelligent modern writer, Mr. J.S. Burn, in his + <i>History of the Foreign Refugees</i>, repeating the same erroneous + statement. At page 262, of his curious and interesting work be says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The county of Kent has been long famed for its manufacture of paper. + It was at Dartford, in this county, that paper was <i>first made</i> in + England."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>But it is proved beyond all possibility of doubt that a paper-mill + existed in England almost a century before the date of the establishment + at Dartford. In Henry VII.'s <i>Household Book</i>, we have the + following:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1498. For a rewarde geven at the pulper-mylne, 16<i>s.</i> + 8<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1499. Geven in rewarde to Tate of the Mylne, 6<i>s.</i> + 8<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And in <i>Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum</i>, printed by Wynkyn + de Worde in 1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the + county of Hertford, belonging to JOHN TATE the younger, which was + undoubtedly the "mylne" visited by Henry VII.</p> + + <p>The water-mark used by John Tate was an eight-pointed star within a + double circle. In the <!-- Page 474 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page474" id="page474"></a>{474}</span> twelfth volume of the + <i>Archæeologia</i>, p. 114., is a variety of fac-similes of water-marks + used by our early paper makers, exhibited in five large plates, but is + not a little singular that the mark of John Tate is omitted.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SPECIMENS OF FOREIGN ENGLISH.</h3> + + <p>The accompanying specimens of foreign English you may perhaps consider + worth a corner among the minor curiosities of literature:—</p> + + <p><i>Basle.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Bains ordinaires et artificiels, tenu par B. Sigemund, Dr. in + medicine, Basle. In this new erected establishment, which the Owner + recommends best to all foreigners are to have,—Ordinary and artful + baths, russia and sulphury bagnios, pumpings, artful mineral waters, + gauze lemonads, fournished apartments for patients."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Cologne.</i> Title-page in lithograph.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"<i>Remembrance on the Cathedral of Cologne.</i>—A collection of + his most remarkable monumens, so as of the most artful ornamous and + precious hilts of his renaconed tresory. Draconed and lithographed by + Gerhardt Levy Elkan and Hallersch, collected by Gerhd. Emans."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Augsburg</i>, Drei Mohren Hotel. Entry in travellers' book.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"January 28. 1815.—His Grace Arthur Wellesley, Duke of + Wellington, &c. &c. &c. Great honour arrived at the beginning + of this year to the three Moors: this illustrious warrior, whose glorious + atchievements, which, cradled in Asia, have filled Europe with his + renown, descended in it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Mount Etna.</i> Printed notice found attached to the wall of one of + the rooms in the Casa degl' Inglesi, Mount Etna, October, 1844:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"In consequence of the damage suffered in the house called English set + on the Etna for the reprehensible conduct of some persons there + recovered, the following provisional regulations are prescribed, + authorized, and granted to M. Gemmellaro<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, who has the key + of the mentioned house for his labour, honour, and money spent to finish + such edifice, besides his kind reception for travellers curious to visit + the mountain.</p> + + <p>I. Any person desirous to get the key of the house is requested to + apply to M.G., and in case of his absence, to ... signing his name, + title, and country, in the same time tell the guide's and muleteer's + name, just to drive away those have been so rough to spoil the moveables + and destroy the stables ... are the men to be particularly remarked.</p> + + <p>II. Nobody is admitted without a certificate of M.G., which will + assure to have received his name, &c. &c., except those are known + by the fore-going strangers.</p> + + <p>III. According to the afore-mentioned articles, nobody will take the + liberty to go in the house and force the lock of the door: he will really + suffer the most severe punishment fixed against violence.</p> + + <p>IV. Is not permitted to any body to put mules in the rooms destined + for the use of people, notwithstanding the insufficiency of stables. It + is forbidden likewise to dirtes the walls with pencil or coal. M.G. will + procure a blank book for those learned people curious to write their + observations. A particular care must be taken for the moveables settled + in the house.</p> + + <p>V. The house must be left clean and without fire, to avoid + conflagration; it is forbidden to leave rooms or windows opened, as the + house has been lately damaged by the winds, snow, sand, &c. &c.; + the aforementioned A.D., M.N. are imputed of negligence and malice: + persons neglecting to execute the above article will be severely + punished, and are obliged to pay damages and expences.</p> + + <p>VI. As soon as the traveller returns at Nicolosi, either to S. Nicolo + l'Arena, will immediately deliver the key to M.G., as it commonly happens + that foreigners are waiting for it. A certificate must be likewise + delivered, declaring that the afore-mentioned regulations have been + exactly executed. It is likewise proper and just to reward M. Gem. for + the expense of moveables, money, &c, &c., and for the advantage + travellers may get to examine the Volcan, for better than Empedocli, + Amodei, Fazelli, Brydon, Spallanzani, and great many others. M. Gemm. has + lately been authorized to deny the key whenever is unkindly requested. He + is also absolutely obliged to inform the gen. of the army, who is + determined to punish with rigour their insolence."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Mount Sinai.</i>—(On the fly-leaf of the travellers' + book.)</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Here in too were inscribed as in one legend, all whose in the rule of + the year come from different parts, different cities and countries, + pilgrims and travellers of any different rank and religion or profession, + for advise and notice thereof to their posterity, and even also in owr + own of memory acknowledging. 1845, Mount Sinai."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">VIATOR.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>The name of this gentleman will be recognised by some of the readers + of NOTES AND QUERIES as that of a most indefatigable explorer of the + wonders of the mountain, and the author, in the <i>Transactions of the + Catanian Academy</i>., of excellent descriptions of its recent + eruptions.</p> + +</div> +<hr /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>May-dew.</i>—Every one has heard of the virtues of "May-dew," + but perhaps the complex superstition following may be less generally + known. A respectable tradesman's wife in this town (Launceston) tells me + that the poor people here say that a swelling in the neck may be cured by + the patient's going <i>before sunrise</i>, on the 1st of May, to the + grave of the last young man who has been buried in the church-yard, and + applying the dew, gathered by passing the hand <i>three times</i> from + the <!-- Page 475 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page475" + id="page475"></a>{475}</span> head to the foot of the grave, to the part + affected by the ailment.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> This was told me yesterday in reply + to a question, whether the custom of gathering "May-dew" is still + prevailing here. I may as well add, that the common notion of improving + the complexion by washing the face with the early dew in the fields on + the 1st of May extensively prevails in these parts; and they say that a + child who is weak in the back may be cured by drawing him over the grass + wet with the morning dew. The experiment must be thrice performed, that + is, on the mornings of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May. I find no allusion + to these specific applications of "May-dew" in Ellis's <i>Brand</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">H.G.T.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>If the patient be a woman, the grave chosen must be that of the last + young man buried, and that of the last young woman in the case of a man + patient.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Piskies.</i>—An old woman, the wife of a respectable farmer + at a place called "Colmans," in the parish of Werrington, near + Launceston, has frequently told my informant before-mentioned of a + "piskey" (for <i>so</i>, and not <i>pixy</i>, the creature is called + <i>here</i>, as well as in parts of Devon) which frequently <i>made its + appearance</i> in the form of small child in the kitchen of the + farm-house, where the inmates were accustomed to set a little stool for + it. It would do a good deal of household work, but if the hearth and + chimney corner were not kept neatly swept, it would pinch the maid. The + piskey would often come into the kitchen and sit on its little stool + before the fire, so that the old lady had many opportunities of seeing + it. Indeed it was a familiar guest in the house for many months. At last + it left the family under these circumstances. One evening it was sitting + on the stool as usual, when it suddenly started, looked up, and + said,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Piskey fine, and Piskey gay,</p> + <p>Now Piskey! run away!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and vanished; after which it never appeared again. This distich is the + first utterance of a piskey I have heard.</p> + + <p>The word "fine" put me in mind of the expression "<i>fine</i> spirit," + "<i>fine</i> Ariel," &c., noticed by DR. KENNEDY lately in NOTES AND + QUERIES (Vol. ii., p. 251.). It is worth notice that the people here seem + to entertain no doubt as to the identity of piskies and fairies. Indeed I + am told, that the old woman before mentioned called her guest + indifferently "piskey" or "fairy."</p> + + <p>The country people in this neighbourhood sometimes put a prayer-book + under a child's pillow as a charm to keep away the piskies. I am told + that a poor woman near Launceston was fully persuaded that one of her + children was taken away and a piskey substituted, the disaster being + caused by the absence of the prayer-book on one particular night. This + story reminds me of the "killcrop."</p> + + <p class="author">H.G.T.</p> + + <p>1. The <i>dun cow</i> of Dunsmore filled with milk every vessel that + was brought to her till an envious witch tried to milk her in a + sieve.</p> + + <p>2. <i>Lady Godiva.</i>—A close-fitting dress might suggest the + idea of nudity; but was not the horse borrowed from the warrior Lady of + Mercia Ethelfleda?</p> + + <p>3. CAN DU PLERA MELEOR CERA. Quand Dieu plaira meilleur sera. Charm on + a ring, olim penes W. Hamper, F.A.S.</p> + + <p class="author">F.Q.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> + + <p><i>Circulation of the Blood.</i>—About twenty-five years since, + being in a public library in France, a learned physician pointed out to + me in the works of the Venerable Bede a passage in which the fact of the + circulation of the blood appeared to him and myself to be clearly stated. + I regret that I did not, at the time, "make a note of it," and that I + cannot now refer to it, not having access to a copy of Bede: and I now + mention it in hopes that some of your correspondents may think it worth + while to make it a subject of research.</p> + + <p class="author">J. MN.</p> + + <p><i>Culprit, Origin of the Word.</i>—Long ago I made this note, + that this much used English word was of French extraction, and that it + was "<i>qu'il paruit</i>," from the short way the clerk of the court has + of pronouncing his words; for our pleadings were formerly in French, and + when the pleadings were begun, he said to the defendant "<i>qu'il + parait</i>"—culprit; and as he was generally culpable, the + "<i>qu'il parait</i>" became a synonyme with offender.</p> + + <p class="author">T.</p> + + <p>Cambridge.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[Does not our ingenious correspondent point at the more correct origin + of <i>culprit</i>, when he speaks of the defendant being "generally + <i>culpable?</i>"]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Collar of SS.</i>—In the volume of Bury Wills just issued by + the Camden Society, is an engraving from the decorations of the chantry + chapel in St. Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmund's, of John Baret, who died + in 146-; in which the collar is represented as SS in the upright form set + on a collar of leather or other material. It is described in the will as + "my collar of the king's livery." John Baret, says the editor of the + Wills, was a lay officer of the monastery of St. Edmund, probably + treasurer, and was deputed to attend Henry VI. on the occasion of the + king's long visit to that famed monastic establishment in 14—.</p> + + <p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> + + <p><i>The Singing of Swans.</i>—"It would," says Bishop Percy + (Mallet's <i>North. Antiq.</i>, ii. p. 72.), "be a curious subject of + disquisition, to inquire what could have given rise to so arbitrary and + groundless a notion as the singing of swans," <!-- Page 476 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page476" id="page476"></a>{476}</span> which + "hath not wanted assertors from almost every nation." (Sir T. + Browne.)</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Not in more swelling whiteness sails</p> + <p>Cayster's swan to western gales, <a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> + <p>When the melodious murmur sings</p> + <p>'Mid her slow-heav'd voluptuous wings."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">T.J.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>"It was an ancient notion that the music of the swan was produced by + its wings, and inspired by the zephyr. See this subject, treated with his + accustomed erudition, by Mr. Jodrell, in his <i>Illustrations of the Ion + of Euripides</i>."—Bulwer's <i>Siamese Twins</i>.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs.</i>—In consequence of the + suggestion of <span lang="el" title="D." >Δ.</span> (Vol. ii., p. + 220.), I have applied to the owner of Sir T. Herbert's MS. account of the + last days of Charles I., and the answer which I have received is as + follows:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"I found the first part of Sir Thos. Herbert's MS. (56 pages) is not + in the edition of Woods <i>Athenæ</i> Lord W. has; but I found a note in + a pedigree book, saying it was printed in 1702, 8vo. I suppose it can be + ascertained whether this is true."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps some of your readers may know whether there is such a volume + in existence as that described by my friend.</p> + + <p class="author">ALFRED GATTY.</p> + + <p><i>Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan.</i>—The plan of + "NOTES AND QUERIES" appears well adapted to record the change of hands + into which portraits of literary men may pass. I accordingly offer two to + your notice.</p> + + <p>The portrait of George Stevens, the celebrated annotator on + Shakspeare, who died in 1800, was bequeathed by him to a relative, Mrs. + Gomm of Spital Square; and at that lady's death, some years after, it + passed, I have reason to expect, into the possession of her relative, Mr. + Fince, of Bishopsgate Street. I have no farther information of it.</p> + + <p>The portrait of Charles Cotton, by Sir Peter Lely, was, at the time + (1814) when Linnell took a copy, and (in 1836) when Humphreys took a + copy, in the possession of John Berisford, Esq., of Compton House, + Ashborne, Derbyshire; and the following extracts of letters will show who + at present possesses it:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Leek, 14th July, 1842.</p> + + <p>"After Mr. Berisford's decease, I should think the portrait of Cotton + would fall into the hands of his nephew Francis Wright, Esq., of Linton + Hall, near Nottingham.</p> + + <p>I am, &c. &c"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Linton Hall, Aug. 19. 1842.</p> + + <p>"Sir,—The Rev. J. Martin, of Trinity College, Cambridge, is the + possessor of the portrait of Cotton to which your letter alludes. I am, + Dear Sir,</p> + + <p>"Yours, in haste,</p> + + <p>"F. WRIGHT."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I avail myself of the present opportunity to ask the authority for the + portrait of Bunyan appended to his ever-fresh allegory. The engraved + portrait I have has not the name of the painter.</p> + + <p class="author">O.W.</p> + + <p><i>Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is White.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"It has been said of many, they were quite</p> + <p class="i2">Prepared to prove (I do not mean in fun)</p> + <p>That white was really black, and black was white;</p> + <p class="i2">But I believe it has not yet been done.</p> + <p>Black (Saxon, Blac) in any way to liken</p> + <p class="i2">With <i>candour</i> may seem almost out of reach;</p> + <p>Yet <i>whiten</i> is in kindred German <i>bleichen</i>,</p> + <p class="i2">Undoubtedly identical with <i>bleach</i>:</p> + <p>This last verb's cognate adjective is <i>bleak</i>—</p> + <p class="i2">Reverting to the Saxon, <i>bleak</i> is blæk. <a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p> + <p>A semivowel is, at the last squeak,</p> + <p class="i2">All that remains such difference wide to make—</p> + <p>The hostile terms of keen antithesis</p> + <p>Brought to an <i>E plus ultra</i> all but kiss!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">MEZZOTINTO.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>Pronounced (as <i>black</i> was anciently written) <i>blake</i>.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks</i>, 1626.—MR. HEBER says, "Who + has seen another copy?" In Tanner's Collection in the Bodleian Library is + one copy, and in the British Museum is another, the latter from Mr. + Bright's Collection.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[Another copy is in the valuable collection of the Rev. T. Corser. See + that gentleman's communication on Nicholas Breton, in our First Vol., p. + 409.]</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> + +<h3>THE WISE MEN OF GOTHAM.</h3> + + <p>An ill-starred town in England seems to have enjoyed so unenviable a + reputation for some centuries for the folly and stupidity of its + inhabitants, that I am induced to send you the following Query (with the + reasons on which it is founded) in the hope that some of your readers may + be able to help one to a solution.</p> + + <p>Query: Why have the men of <i>Gotham</i> been long famous for their + extreme folly?</p> + + <p>My authorities are,—</p> + + <p>1. The Nursery Rhyme,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Three wise men of <i>Gotham</i></p> + <p>Went to sea in a bowl;</p> + <p>If the bowl had been stronger,</p> + <p>My story would have been longer."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>2. <i>Drunken Barnaby's Journal</i> (edit. London, 1822, p. 25.), + originally printed 1774, London:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Veni <i>Gotham</i>, ubi multos</p> + <p>Si non omnes, vidi stultos,</p> + <p>Nam scrutando reperi unam</p> + <p>Salientem contra lunam</p> + <p>Alteram nitidam puellam</p> + <p>Offerentem porco sellam."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Thence to <i>Gotham</i>, where, sure am I,</p> + <p>If, <i>though</i> not all fools, saw I many;</p> + <p>Here a she-bull found I prancing,</p> + <p>And in moonlight nimbly dancing;</p> + <p>There another wanton mad one,</p> + <p>Who her hog was set astride on."</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 477 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page477" id="page477"></a>{477}</span></p> + + <p>3. In the "Life of Robin Hood" prefixed to Ritson's <i>Collection of + Ballads concerning Robin Hood</i> (People's edit. p. 27.), the following + story, extracted from <i>Certaine Merry Tales of the Madmen of + Gottam</i>, by Dr. Andrew Borde, an eminent physician, temp. Hen. VIII. + (Black letter), in Bodleian Library, occurs:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"There was two men of <i>_Gottam</i>, and the one of them was going to + the market to Nottingham to buy sheepe, and the other came from the + market; and both met together upon Nottingham bridge. Well met, said the + one to the other. Whither be yee going? said he that came from + Nottingham. Marry, said he that was going thither, I goe to the market to + buy sheepe. Buy sheepe? said the other, and which way wilt thou bring + them home? Marry, said the other, I will bring them over this bridge. By + Robin Hood, said he that came from Nottingham, but thou shalt not. By + Maid Marrion, said he that was going thitherward, but I will. Thou shalt + not, said the one. I will, said the other. Ter here! said the one. Shue + there! said the other. Then they beat their staves against the ground, + one against the other, as there had been an hundred sheepe betwixt them. + Hold in, said the one. Beware the leaping over the bridge of any sheepe, + said the other. I care not, said the other. They shall not come this way, + said the one. But they shall, said the other. Then said the other, and if + that thou make much to doe, I will put my finger in thy mouth. A t..d + thou wilt, said the other. And as they were at their contention, another + man of <i>Gottam</i> came from the market with a sack of meale upon a + horse, and seeing and hearing his neighbours at strife for sheepe, and + none betwixt them, said, Ah, fooles, will you never learn wit? Helpe me, + said he that had the meale, and lay my sacke upon my shoulder. They did + so and he went to the one side of the bridge, and unloosed the mouth of + the sacke, and did shake out all his meale into the river. Now, + neighbours, said the mall, how much meale is there in my sacke now? + Marry, there is none at all, said they. Now, by my faith, said he, even + as much wit as in your two heads, to strive for that thing you have not. + Which was the wisest of all these three persons, judge you?"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>4. Tom Coryat, in an oration to the Duke of York (afterwards Chas. + I.), called <i>Crambe, or Colwarts twice sodden</i> (London, 1611), has + this passage:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"I came to Venice, and quickly took a survey of the whole model of the + city, together with the most remarkable matters thereof; and shortly + after any arrival in England I overcame any adversaries in the Town of + Evill, in my native county of Somersetshire, who thought to have sunk me + in a bargain of pilchards, as the <i>wise men of Gottam</i> went about to + drown an eel."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>5. Dr. More's <i>Antidote against Atheism</i>, cap. ii. § 14.:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"But because so many bullets joggled together in a man's hat will + settle a determinate figure, or because the frost and wind will draw upon + doors and glass windows pretty uncouth streaks like feathers and other + fooleries which are to no use or purpose, try infer thence, that all the + contrivances that are in nature, even the frame of the bodies, both of + men and beasts, are from no other principle but the jumbling together of + the matter, and so because that this doth naturally effect something, + that is the cause of all things, seems to me to be reasoning in the same + mood and figure with that wise market man's, who, going down a hill and + carrying his cheeses under his arms, one of them falling and trundling + down the hill very fast, let the other go after it appointing them all to + meet him at his house at <i>Gotham</i>, not doubting but they beginning + so hopefully, would be able to make good the whole journey; or like + another of the same town, who perceiving that his iron trevet he had + bought had three feet, and could stand, expected also that it should walk + too, and save him the labour of the carriage."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>6. Col. T. Perronet Thompson's Works, vol. ii. p. 236., + <i>Anti-Corn-Law Tracts</i>:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"If fooleries of this kind go on, <i>Gotham</i> will be put in + Schedule A., and the representation of Unreason transferred into the West + Riding."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J.R.M., M.A.</p> + + <p>K.C.L. Nov. 26. 1850.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HERSTMONCEUX CASTLE.</h3> + + <p>Can you find an early place in your pages for the following Queries + relative to the history of Herstmonceux Castle and its lords, on which a + memoir is in preparation for the next volume of the collections of the + Sussex Archæological Society.</p> + + <p>1. Who was Pharamuse of Boulogne, father of Sybil de Tingry? He is + called the <i>nephew</i> of Maud, King Stephen's wife; but I believe + there is no doubt that she was the only child and sole heir of Eustace + Earl of Boulogne, brother of Godfrey, King of Jerusalem. Where is + <i>Tingry</i>, of which place he was lord? Is there any place in the + North of France bearing that name now?</p> + + <p>2. Will any one well skilled in the interpretation of ancient legal + documents furnish some explanation of the following extracts from the + <i>Rotul. de Fin.</i> (Hardy, i. 19.):—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1199. William de Warburton and Ingelram de Monceux give 500 marks to + the king for having the inheritance of Juliana, wife of William, son of + Aymer, whose next of kin they say they are."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Yet six years later, 1205 (Hardy, i. 310 )—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Waleran de Monceux gives 100 marks for having the reasonable + (rationabilis) part of the inheritance of Juliana, as regards (versus) + Wm. de Warburton, William and Waleran being her next of kin."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This Waleran was son of Idonea <i>de Herst</i> (now Herst Monceux), + and appears in other documents as "Waleran <i>de Herst</i>." The land in + question was in <i>Compton</i> (afterwards Compton <i>Monceux</i>), + Hants.</p> + + <p>Now how are we to reconcile the two above-quoted documents? What was + the connexion <!-- Page 478 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page478" + id="page478"></a>{478}</span> between Ingelram and Waleran? And how is + Waleran's double appellation to be explained? I see a reference to a + family named <i>de Mounceaux</i> in the last number of the + <i>Archæological Journal</i>, p. 300., holding a manor near Hawbridge, + Somerset Were they of the same stock?</p> + + <p>3. The magnificent monument in Herstmonceux church to Thomas Lord + Dacre (who died 1534), and his eldest son, is embellished with a + considerable number of coats of arms, several of which I am unable to + identity with any connexions of the family. These are,—(1.) Sable, + a cross or; (2.) Barry of six, ar. and az., a bend gules; (3.) Arg. a + fesse gules; (4.) Quarterly or, and gules, an escarbuncle sable; (5.) + Barry of six, arg. and gules; (6.) Azure, an orle of martlets or, on an + inescutcheon arg. three bass gules.</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers, acquainted with the Dacre and Fienes + pedigrees, appropriate any of these coats?</p> + + <p>4. A suite of small bed-rooms, and the gallery from which they opened, + in Herstmonceux Castle, were called respectively the <i>Bethlem + Chambers</i> and <i>Bethlem Gallery</i>: is any instance of a similar + denomination of apartments known, and can the reason be assigned?</p> + + <p>5. Sir Roger Fienes, the builder of Herstmonceux Castle, accompanied + Henry V. to Agincourt. Are any references to him to be found in Sir H. + Nicolas' <i>Battle of Azincourt</i>, or elsewhere?</p> + + <p>6. Francis Lord Dacre was one of the noble twelve who had the courage + to appear in their places in the House of Lords and reject the ordinance + for the trial of Charles I. His son Thomas, who married the daughter of + Charles II. by the Duchess of Cleveland, and was created Earl of Sussex, + was compelled through his extravagance to alienate the castle and manor + of Herstmonceux. Are there any references to either of these peers, who + played a not inconspicuous part in the events of their times, in any of + the contemporary memoirs? Any information on any of the above points + would greatly oblige</p> + + <p class="author">E.V.</p> + + <p>Herstmonceux, Nov. 18.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES</h3>. + + <p><i>Yorkshire Ballads.</i>—Any of your readers would confer a + great favour by referring me to any early Yorkshire ballads, or ballads + relating to places in Yorkshire, not reprinted in the ordinary + collections, such as Percy, Evans, &c. I am of course acquainted with + those in the Roxburghe collection.</p> + + <p class="author">H.</p> + + <p><i>Ringing a Handbell before a Corpse.</i>—Is it true that + whenever an interment takes place in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, the + corpse is preceded on its way to the grave by a person who rings a small + handbell at intervals, each time giving a few tinkling strokes? My + informant on this subject was an Oxford undergraduate, who said that he + had recently witnessed the burials both of Mr. ——, a late + student of Christ Church, and of Miss ——, daughter of a + living bishop: and he assured me that in both cases this ceremony was + observed. Certainly it is possible to go through the academical course at + Oxford without either hearing the bell, or knowing of its use on such + occasions: but I should now be glad to receive some explanation of this + singular custom.</p> + + <p class="author">A.G.</p> + + <p>Ecclesfield.</p> + + <p><i>Church of St. Saviour, Canterbury.</i>—Tradition, I believe, + has uniformly represented that an edifice more ancient, but upon the + present site of St. Martin's, Canterbury, was used by St. Augustine and + his followers in the earliest age of Christianity in this country. St. + Martin's has, on that account, been often spoken of as the mother-church + of England. Lately, however, in perusing the fourth volume of Mr. + Kemble's <i>Codex Diplomaticus</i>, p. 1. I find a charter of King + Canute, of the year 1018, which states the church of ST. SAVIOUR, + <i>Canterbury</i>, to be the mother-church of England:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Æcclesia Salvatoris in Dorobernia sita, omnium Æcclesiarum regni + Angligeni <i>mater et domina</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In none of the histories of Kent or of Canterbury can I find any + mention of a church dedicated to St. Saviour. May I beg the favour of you + to insert this among your Notes?</p> + + <p class="author">HENRY ELLIS.</p> + + <p><i>Mock Beggar's Hall.</i>—What is the origin of this name as + applied to some old mansions? One at Wallasey, in Cheshire, was so named, + and another near Ipswich, in Suffolk. And what is the earliest instance + of the title?</p> + + <p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> + + <p><i>Beatrix Lady Talbot.</i>—Since the publication of Sir Harris + Nicolas' able contribution to the <i>Collectanea Topographica et + Genealogica</i> (vol. i. pp. 80-90.) no one may be excused for + confounding, as Dugdale and his followers had done, Beatrix Lady Talbot + with Donna Beatrix, daughter of John, King of Portugal, to whom Thomas + FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, was married, 26th Nov., 1405. What I now wish + to learn is, whether anything has since been discovered to elucidate + further the pedigree of Lady Talbot? It is evident that she was of + Portuguese origin; and it may be inferred from the quarterings on her + seal, as shown in a manuscript in the British Museum (1st and 4th arg., + five escutcheons in cross az., each charged with five plates in saltire, + for <i>Portugal</i>; and 2nd and 3rd az., five crescents in saltire, or), + that she was a member of the Portuguese family of Pinto, which is the + only house in Portugal that bears the five crescents in saltire, as + displayed on the seal.</p> + + <p class="author">SCOTUS.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 479 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page479" id="page479"></a>{479}</span></p> + + <p><i>English Prize Essays.</i>—Is there at present, in either of + the universities, or elsewhere, any prize, medal, or premium given for + English essays, for which all England could compete, irrespective of + birth, place of education, &c.; and, if so, particulars as to where + such could be obtained, would greatly oblige</p> + + <p class="author">MODEST AMBITION.</p> + + <p><i>Rev. Joseph Blanco White.</i>—<i>History of the + Inquisition.</i>—In the Rev. J.H. Thom's <i>Life of the Rev. Joseph + Blanco White</i> it is stated that he had made a collection for a history + of the Inquisition which he intended to publish; and in a batch of + advertisements preceding the first volume of Smedley's <i>Reformed + Religion in France</i>, published in 1832 by Rivingtons, as part of their + Theological Library. I find an announcement of other works to be included + in the series, and amongst others, already in preparation, <i>The Origin + and Growth of the Roman Catholic Inquisition against Heresy and + Apostacy</i>; by Joseph Blanco White, M.A. I need not ask whether the + work was <i>published</i>, for it is not to be found in the London + Catalogue; but I wish to ask whether any portion of the work was ever + placed in the publisher's hands, or ever printed; or whether he made any + considerable progress in the collection, and, if so, in whose hands the + MSS. are? Such papers, if they exist, would probably prove of too much + importance to allow of their remaining unpublished.</p> + + <p class="author">IOTA.</p> + + <p><i>Lady Deloraine.</i>—The <i>Delia</i> of Pope's line,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Slander or poison dread from <i>Delia's</i> rage,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>is supposed to have been Lady Deloraine, who remarried W. Windam, + Esq., of Carsham, and died in Oct., 1744. The person said to have been + poisoned was a Miss Mackenzie. Are the grounds of this strange suspicion + known?</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Speke Family.</i>—I shall be glad to ascertain the family + name and the armorial bearings of Alice, wife of Sir John Speke, father + of Sir John Speke, founder of the chapel of St. George in Exeter + Cathedral. She is said to have been maid of honour to Queen + Catherine.</p> + + <p class="author">J.D.S.</p> + + <p><i>Pope's Villa.</i>—In Pope's <i>Literary Correspondence</i>, + published by Curll, an engraving, is advertised of his (Pope's) Villa at + Twickenham, engraved by Rysbrach and published by Curll. Are any of your + correspondents aware of the existence of a copy, and the price at which + it can be obtained?</p> + + <p class="author">C. BATHURST W.</p> + + <p><i>Armorial Bearings.</i>—Among the numerous coats-armorial in + the great east window of the choir of Exeter Cathedral, there is one + respecting which I am at a loss. Argent a cross between four crescents + gules. Can either of your readers kindly afford the name?</p> + + <p class="author">J.D.S.</p> + + <p><i>Passage from Tennyson.</i>—You have so many correspondents + well versed in lore and legend, that I am induced to beg through you for + an explanation of the allusion contained in the following passage of + Tennyson:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Morn broaden'd on the borders of the dark,</p> + <p>Ere I saw her, who clasp'd in her last trance</p> + <p>Her murder'd father's head."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It occurs in the <i>Dream of Fair Women</i>, st. 67.</p> + + <p class="author">W.M.C.</p> + + <p>Cambridge.</p> + + <p><i>Sauenap, Meaning of.</i>—In the will of Jane Heryng, of Bury, + 1419, occurs this bequest:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"To Alyson my dowter, xl s. and ij pottys of bras neste the beste, and + a peyr bedys of blak <i>get</i>, and a grene hod, and a red hod, and a + gowne of violet, and another of tanne, and a towayll of diaper werk, and + a <i>sauenap</i>; also a cloke and rownd table."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What was the <i>sauenap</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> + + <p><i>Hoods worn by Doctors of the University of + Cambridge.</i>—Pray permit me to inquire, through your agency, what + is the proper lining of the scarlet cloth hoods worn by doctors in the + three faculties of the university of Cambridge? The robe-makers of + Cambridge have determined upon a pink or rose-coloured silk for all; the + London artists adopt a shot silk (light blue and crimson) sometimes for + all faculties, at others for Doctors in Divinity only. On ancient + monuments (there is one in Canterbury Cathedral) I find that the hoods + were lined with ermine; and this is the material of those attached to the + full-dress robes of doctors on the occasion of their creation, and in the + schools, and at congregations. I cannot find the statutes bearing upon + the subject.</p> + + <p>As the Oxford statutes have recently been published, the matter is not + so much in the dark,—black silk being the material prescribed for + the lining of hoods of Doctors in Divinity, and those of the doctors in + the other faculties being prescribed to be of <i>silk of any intermediate + colour</i>, which the Oxford doctors understand to mean a deep + rose-colour.</p> + + <p class="author">D.C.L.</p> + + <p>U. University Club, Dec. 4. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Euclid and Aristotle.</i>—The ordinary chronologies place + Aristotle as nearly a century anterior to Euclid; but Professor De Morgan + ("Eucleides," in Dr. Smith's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>) considers + them as contemporary. Any of your readers conversant with the subject + will oblige me by saying <i>which</i> is right, and likewise <i>why</i> + so.</p> + + <p class="author">GEOMETRICUS.</p> + + <p><i>Ventriloquism. Fanningus the King's Whisperer.</i>—To the + Query respecting Brandon the juggler (Vol. ii., p. 424.), I beg leave to + add another somewhat similar. Where is any information to be obtained of + "The King's Whisperer, <span lang="el" title="engastrimythos" + >εγγαστριμυθος</span>, + nomine Fanningus, who resided at Oxford in 1643?"</p> + + <p class="author">T.J.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 480 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page480" id="page480"></a>{480}</span></p> + + <p><i>Frances Lady Norton.</i>—Can any of your readers give me an + account of the life of Frances Lady Norton, who wrote a work, entitled + <i>The Applause of Virtue, in Four Parts, consisting of Divine and Moral + Essays towards the obtaining of True Virtue</i>, 4to. 1705? It is a very + delightful book, full of patristic learning. I am aware she was the + daughter of Ralph Freke, Esq., of Hannington, and married Sir George + Norton, Knt. of Abbot's Leigh, in the county of Somerset. I wish to know + what other books she wrote, if any, and where her life may be found? + Perhaps the Freke family could furnish an account of this learned lady. + The work I believe to be extremely scarce.</p> + + <p class="author">RICHARD HOOPER.</p> + + <p><i>Westminster Wedding.</i>—Jeremy Collier says, in one of his + <i>Essays</i> (Part iii. Essay viii.):</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"As for the business of friendship you mentioned, 'tis not to be had + at a <i>Westminster Wedding</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Being much interested in weddings in Westminster at the present day, I + should be much obliged to any of your readers who can throw any light on + the observation of the Essayist, as above cited. What other authors use + the term?</p> + + <p class="author">R.H.</p> + + <p><i>Stone's Diary.</i>—Stone, the celebrated sculptor, left a + valuable diary. The MS. was in the possession of Vertue the engraver. Has + it ever been printed?</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Dr. King's Poem of The Toast.</i>—Where can I find a key to + Dr. King's <i>Heroic Poem</i>, called <i>The Toast?</i> Isaac Reed's + copy, with a <i>manuscript key</i>, sold at his sale for 10<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Anima Magis, &c.</i>—To whom is this sentence to be + ascribed—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Anima magis est ubi amat</p> + <p>Quam ubi animat."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">TYRO-ETYMOLOGICUS.</p> + + <p><i>The Adventures of Peter Wilkins.</i>—Is the author of this + delightful work of fiction known? The first edition was published in + 1751, but it does not contain the dedication to Elizabeth, Countess of + Northumberland, found in later impressions. When was this dedication + added? It is observable that in all the editions I have seen, the + initials R.P. are signed to the dedication, while R.S. appears on the + title-page.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Talmud, Translations of.</i>—1. Have there been any English + translations of the Talmud, or any complete section of it? 2. What are + the most esteemed Continental and Latin translations?</p> + + <p class="author">S.P.H.T.</p> + + <p><i>Torn by Horses.</i>—What is the last instance in the history + of France of a culprit being torn by horses? Jean Châtel, who attempted + to assassinate Henri Quatre, suffered thus in 1595. (Crowe's + <i>France</i>, i. 364.)</p> + + <p class="author">ED. S. JACKSON.</p> + + <p><i>The Marks</i> *, †, ‡, <i>&c.</i>—What is + the origin of the asterisk, obelus, &c., used for references to + notes? When were they first used? What are their proper names?</p> + + <p class="author">ED. S. JACKSON.</p> + + <p>Totteridge, Herts, Oct. 23.</p> + + <p><i>Blackguard.</i>—Walking once through South Wales, we found an + old woman by the roadside selling a drink she called <i>blackguard</i>. + It was composed of beer and gin, spiced with pepper, and well deserved + its name. Is this a common beverage in the principality?</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> + +<h3>CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY.</h3> + + <p>I am much obliged to your correspondent LAICUS for his inquiry + respecting the proposed Society (Vol. ii., p. 464). Will you allow me to + express to him my confident hope, that the proposed plan, or some + modification of it by a committee (when one shall exist) may in due time + be carried out. But there seems to be no reason for haste; and in the + formation of such body it is desirable to have as many avowed supporters + to select from as possible. I do not think that the matter is much known + yet, though I have to thank you for a kind notice; and I need not tell + some of your correspondents that I have received very encouraging + letters. But, in truth, as I did not expect any profit, or desire any + responsibility as to either money or management, and only wished to lay + before the public an idea which had existed in my own mind for some + years, and which had obtained the sanction of some whom I thought + competent judges; and as I had, moreover, published pamphlets enough to + know that a contribution of waste paper to any object is often one of the + most costly, I did not feel myself called on to go to so much expense in + advertising as I perhaps might have done if I had been spending the money + of a society instead of my own. I sent but few copies; none, I believe, + except to persons with whom I had some acquaintance, and whom I thought + likely to take more or less interest in the subject.</p> + + <p>I trust, however, that the matter is quietly and solidly growing; and + from communications which I have received, and resources on which I + believe I may reckon, I feel no doubt that if it were considered + desirable, friends and money enough to set such a society going might be + immediately brought forward. It is one advantage of the proposed plan, + that it may be tried on almost any scale. A society so constituted would + NOT begin its existence <!-- Page 481 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page481" id="page481"></a>{481}</span> with great promises of + returns to subscribers, and heavy engagements to printers, papermakers, + and editors. Its only <i>necessary</i> expenses would be those of + <i>management</i>; and if the society were very small, these expenses + would be so too. It is, indeed, hardly possible to imagine that they + should be such as not to leave something to be funded for future use, if + they did not furnish means for immediate display; but it seems better to + wait patiently until such real substantial support is guaranteed as may + prevent all apprehension on that score.</p> + + <p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DEFENDER OF THE FAITH.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 442.)</p> + + <p>It is quite startling to be told that the title of "Defender of the + Faith" was used by any royal predecessor of Henry VIII.</p> + + <p>Selden (<i>Titles of Honour</i>, ed 1631, p. 54) says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The beginning and ground of that attribute of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, + which hath been perpetually, in the later ages, added to the style of the + kings of England, (not only in the first person, but frequent also in the + second and in the third, as common use shows in the formality of + instruments of conveyance, leases and such like) is most certainly known. + It began in Henry the VIII. For he, in those awaking times, upon the + quarrel of the Romanists and Lutherans, wrote a volume against Luther," + &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Selden then states the well-known occasion upon which this title was + conferred, and sets out the Bull of Leo X. (then extant in the Collection + of Sir Robert Cotton, and now in the British Museum), whereby the Pope, + "holding it just to distinguish those who have undertaken such pious + labours for defending the faith of Christ with every honour and + commendation," decrees that to the title of King the subjects of the + royal controversialist shall add the title "Fidei Defensori." The pontiff + adds, that a more worthy title could not be found.</p> + + <p>Your correspondent, COLONEL ANSTRUTHER, calls attention to the + statement made by Mr. Christopher Wren, Secretary of the Order of the + Garter (A.D. 1736), in his letter to Francis Peck, on the authority of + the Register of the Order in his possession; which letter is quoted by + Burke (<i>Dorm. and Ext. Bar.</i>, iv. 408.), that "King Henry VII. had + the title Defender of the Faith." It is not found in any acts or + instruments of his reign that I am acquainted with, nor in the + proclamation on his interment, nor in any of the epitaphs engraved on his + magnificent tomb. (Sandford, <i>Geneal. Hist.</i>) Nor is it probable + that Pope Leo X., in those days of diplomatic intercourse with England, + would have bestowed on Henry VIII., as a special and personal distinction + and reward, a title that had been used by his royal predecessors.</p> + + <p>I am not aware that any such title is attributed to the sovereign in + any of the English records anterior to 1521; but that many English kings + gloried in professing their zeal to defend the Church and religion, + appears from many examples. Henry IV., in the second year of his reign, + promises to maintain and defend the Christian religion (<i>Rot. + Parl.</i>, iii. 466.); and on his renewed promise, in the fourth year of + his reign, to defend the Christian faith, the Commons piously grant a + subsidy (<i>Ibid.</i>, 493.); and Henry VI., in the twentieth year of his + reign, acts as keeper of the Christian faith. (<i>Rot. Parl.</i>, v. + 61.)</p> + + <p>In the admonition used in the investiture of a knight with the + insignia of the Garter, he is told to take the crimson robe, and being + therewith defended, to be bold to fight and shed his blood for Christ's + faith, the liberties of the Church, and the defence of the oppressed. In + this sense, the sovereign and every knight became a sworn defender of the + faith. Can this duty have come to be popularly attributed as part of the + royal style and title?</p> + + <p>The Bull of Leo X., which confers the title on Henry VIII. personally, + does not make it inheritable by his successors, so that none but that + king himself could claim the honour. The Bull granted two years + afterwards by Clement VII. merely confirms the grant of Pope Leo to the + king himself. It was given, as we know, for his assertion of doctrines of + the Church of Rome; yet he retained it after his separation from the + Roman Catholic communion, and after it had been formally revoked and + withdrawn by Pope Paul III. in the twenty-seventh year of Henry VIII., + upon the king's apostacy in turning suppressor of religious houses. In + 1543, the Reformation legislature and the Anti-papal king, without + condescending to notice any Papal Bulls, assumed to treat the title that + the Pope had given and taken away as a subject of Parliamentary gift, and + annexed it for ever to the English crown by the statute 35 Hen. VIII. c. + 3., from which I make the following extract, as its language bears upon + the question:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Where our most dread, &c., lord the king, hath heretofore been, + and is justly, lawfully, and notoriously knowen, named, published, and + declared to be King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the + Faith, and the Church of England and also of Ireland, in earth supreme + head; and hath justly and lawfully used the title and name thereof as to + his Grace appertaineth. Be it enacted, &c., that all and singular his + Graces' subject, &c., shall from henceforth accept and take the same + his Majesty's style ... viz., in the English tongue by these words, Henry + the Eighth, by the grace of God King of England, France, and Ireland, + Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England, and also of Ireland, + in earth the supreme head; and that the said style, &c., shall be, + &c., united <!-- Page 482 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page482" + id="page482"></a>{482}</span> and annexed for ever to the imperial crown + of his highness's realms of England."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>By the supposed authority of this statute, and notwithstanding the + revocation of the title by Pope Paul III., and its omission in the Bull + addressed by Pope Julius III. to Philip and Mary, that princess, before + and after her marriage, used this style, and the statute having, been + re-established by 1 Eliz. c. 1., the example has been followed by her + royal Protestant successors, who wished thereby to declare themselves + Defenders of the Anti-papal Church. The learned Bishop Gibson, in his + <i>Codex</i> (i. 33, note), treats this title as having commenced in + Henry VIII. So do Blount, Cowel, and such like authorities.</p> + + <p class="author">WM. SIDNEY GIBSON.</p> + + <p>Newcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 1850.</p> + + <p>P.S. Since writing the above, I have found (in the nineteenth volume + of <i>Archæologia</i>, pp. 1-10.) an essay by Mr. Alex. Luders on this + very subject, in which that able writer, who was well accustomed to + examine historical records, refers to many examples in which the title + "Most Christian King" was attributed to, or used by English sovereigns, + as well as the kings of France; and to the fact, that this style was used + by Henry VII., as appears from his contract with the Abbot of Westminster + (Harl. MS. 1498.). Selden tells us that the emperors had from early times + been styled "Defensores Ecclesiæ;" and from the instances cited by Mr. + Luders, it appears that the title of "Most Christian" was appropriated to + kings of France from a very ancient period; that Pepin received it (A.D. + 755) from the Pope, and Charles the Bald (A.D. 859) from a Council: and + Charles VI. refers to ancient usage for this title, and makes use of + these words:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"—nostrorum progenitorum imitatione—evangelicæ + veritatis—DEFENSORES—nostra regia dignitas divino Christianæ + religionis titulo gloriosius insignitur—."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mr. Luders refers to the use of the words "Nos zelo <i>fidei + catholicæ</i>, cujus sumus et erimus Deo dante <i>Defensores</i>, + salubriter commoti" in the charter of Richard II. to the Chancellor of + Oxford, in the nineteenth year of his reign, as the earliest introduction + of such phrases into acts of the kings of England that he had met with. + This zeal was for the condemnation of Wycliff's <i>Trialogus</i>. In the + reign of Hen. IV. the writ "De Hæretico comburendo" had the words + "Zelator justitia et fidei catholicæ cultor;" and the title of "Très + Chrêtien" occurs in several instruments of Hen. VI. and Edw. IV. It + appears very probable that this usage was the foundation of the statement + made by Chamberlayne and by Mr. Christopher Wren: but that the title of + Defender of the Faith was used as part of the royal style before 1521, + is, I believe, quite untrue.</p> + + <p class="author">W.S.G.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MEANING OF JEZEBEL.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 357.)</p> + + <p>There appear to be two serious objections to the idea of your + correspondent W.G.H. respecting the appearance of <i>Baal</i> in this + word: 1. The original orthography (<span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶּבֶל</bdo></span>); + whereas the name of the deity is found on all Phœnician monuments, + where it enters largely into the composition of proper names, written + <span lang="he" title="b`l" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בעל</bdo></span>: and, 2. The fact of female + names being generally on these same monuments (as tombstones and so + forth) compounded of the name of a <i>goddess</i>, specially Astarth + (<span lang="he" title="'atiorit" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אַתִֹּרִת</bdo></span> + or <span lang="he" title="`a" ><bdo + dir="rtl">עַ</bdo></span>). I do not know that we have any + example of a female name into which <i>Baal</i> enters.</p> + + <p>The derivation of the word appears to be that given by Gesenius + (s.v.); that it is compounded of the root <span lang="he" title="zabal" + ><bdo dir="rtl">זָבַל</bdo></span> + (habitavit, cohabitavit) and the negative <span lang="he" title="'eiyn" + ><bdo dir="rtl">אֵין</bdo></span>, and that its + meaning is the same as <span lang="el" title="alochos" + >αλοχος</span>, casta: comp. + <i>Agnes</i>. <i>Isabel</i>, in fact, would be a name nearer the original + than the form in which we have it.</p> + + <p class="author">SC.</p> + + <p>Carmarthen, Oct. 29. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Jezebel.</i>—W.G.H. has been misled by the ending <i>bel</i>. + The Phœnician god <i>Bel</i> or <i>Baal</i> has nothing to do with + this name,—the component words being <i>Je-zebel</i>, not + <i>Jeze-bel</i>. Of the various explanations given, that of Gesenius + (<i>Heb. Lex.</i>, s. voc.) appears, as usual, the simplest and most + rational. The name <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + (Jezebel) he derives from <span lang="he" title="'iy" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִי</bdo></span> (<i>i</i>) "not" (comp. + I-chabod, "In-glorious") and <span lang="he" title="zabal" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זָבַל</bdo></span> (zábal), "to + dwell, cohabit with."</p> + + <p>The name will then mean "without cohabitation," <i>i.e.</i> <span + lang="el" title="alochos" + >αλοχος</span> (Plat. <i>Theæt.</i>) + "chaste, modest." Comp. <i>Agnes</i>, <i>Katherine</i>, &c.</p> + + <p>Less satisfactory explanations may be found in Calmet's + <i>Dictionary</i>, and the <i>Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature</i>, + edited by Dr. Kitlo.</p> + + <p class="author">R.T.H.G.</p> + + <p><i>Jezebel.</i>—The Hebrew spelling <span lang="he" + title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + presents so much difficulty, that I fear such a derivation as W.G.H. + wishes to obtain for the name is not practicable by any known etymology. + Nothing that I am aware of, either in Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic, will + help us. The nearest verb that I can find is the Chaldee <span lang="he" + title="'aza'" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אֲזָא</bdo></span>, signifying, + "to light a fire," parts of which occur two or three times in Dan. iii.; + but I fear it would be too daring a conjecture to interpret the name + <i>quem Belus accendit</i> on the strength of that verb's existence. At + present I feel myself obliged to take the advice of Winer, in his + <i>Lexicon</i>, "Satius est ignorantiam fateri quam argutari."</p> + + <p>"Nominis origo (he says) non liquet. Sunt qui interpretentur <i>non + stercus</i>, Coll. 2 Reg. ix. 27., ineptè. <!-- Page 483 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page483" id="page483"></a>{483}</span> Simonis + in Onom. dictum putat Ino <span lang="he" title="n'iy zebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">נְאִי + זֶבֶל</bdo></span>, <i>mansio + habitationis</i> (habitatio tectissima); Gesenius <i>cui nemo + concubuit</i>, Coll. <span lang="he" title="zbl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זבל</bdo></span>, Gen. xxx. 20. Sed satius," + &c.</p> + + <p>Admitting that Hasdrubal is, in fact <span lang="he" title="`azrw beil" + ><bdo dir="rtl">עָזְרו + בֵּל</bdo></span>, <i>Bel (was) his helper</i>, + we cannot possibly connect <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + with it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span lang="he" title="b" ><bdo dir="rtl">ב</bdo></span>.</p> + + <p>L—— Rectory, Somerset.</p> + + <p><i>Jezebel.</i>—Your correspondent W.G.H. believes this word to + be derivable from <i>Baal</i>. That the Phœnician word <span + lang="he" title="ba`al" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל</bdo></span> (Lord) makes a + component part of many Syrian names is well-known: but I do not think the + contracted form <span lang="he" title="beil" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בֵל</bdo></span>, which was used by the + Babylonians, is ever found in any Syrian names. If we suppose the name + <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + to be derived from <span lang="he" title="beil" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בֵל</bdo></span> or <span lang="he" + title="ba`al" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל</bdo></span>, we must find + a meaning for the previous letters. Gesenius derives the name from <span + lang="he" title="'y" ><bdo dir="rtl">אי</bdo></span>, the + negative particle, <span lang="he" title="zbl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זבל</bdo></span>, and gives it the sense of + "innuba", <i>i.e.</i> "pure," comparing it, as a female name, with the + Christian Agnes. There is but one passage, however, in Scripture which + supports this secondary sense of <span lang="he" title="zbl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זבל</bdo></span> properly, "to be round," or, + "to make round," and then "to dwell;" from whence <span lang="he" + title="zbwl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זְבוּל</bdo></span>, "a + dwelling or habitation:" also <span lang="he" title="zbwlwn" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זְבוּלוּן</bdo></span>, + "dwellings," the name which Leah gives to her sixth son, because she + hopes that thenceforward her husband <span lang="he" title="yizbleiwiy" + ><bdo + dir="rtl">יִזְבְלֵוִי</bdo></span>, + "will dwell with me." (Gen. xxx. 20.) Gesenius considers this equivalent + with "cohabit;" and from this single passage draws the sense which he + assigns to <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + This seems rather far-fetched. I am, however, still inclined to give the + sense of "pure, unpolluted," to <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span>, + but on different grounds.</p> + + <p><span lang="he" title="zebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זֶבֶל</bdo></span> has another + sense, <span lang="el" title="kopros" + >κοπρος</span>, particularly of + camels, from the round form; and the word was common, in the later + Hebrew, in that sense. Hence the evil spirit is called <span lang="he" + title="ba`al-zbwl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל־זְבוּל</bdo></span>, + a contemptuous name, instead of <span lang="he" title="ba`al-zbwb" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל־זְבוּב</bdo></span> + = <span lang="el" title="Beelzeboul" + >Βεελζεβουλ</span> + instead of <span lang="el" title="Beelzeboub" + >Βεελζεβουβ</span> + (Matt. xii. 24.).</p> + + <p>The negative of this word <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + might, without any great forcing of the literal sense, imply "the + undefiled," <span lang="el" title="Amiautos" + >Αμιαυτος</span>; and + this conjecture is supported by comparing 2 Kings, ix. 37. with the same + verse in the <i>Targum</i> of Jonathan. They are as follows: (Heb.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span lang="he" title="wihayta niblat 'iyzebel krmen `al-pneiy hasreh" ><bdo dir="rtl">וִהָיְתָ נִבְלַת אִיזֶבֶל כְּרמֶן עַל־פְנֵי הַשׂרֶה</bdo></span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the <i>Targum</i> thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span lang="he" title="wtiheiy nibeiylta' r'iyzebel kzebel mbarar `al 'apeiy taqla':" ><bdo dir="rtl">וּתִהֵי נִבֵילתָּא רְאִיזֶבֶל כְּזֶבֶל מְבַרַּר עַל אַפֵּי תַקְלָא׃</bdo></span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is quite clear that the Targumists intended here a strong allusion + to the <i>original</i> meaning of Jezebel's name; viz. that she who was + named "the undefiled" should become as "defilement." I am not sure + whether a disquisition of this kind may be considered irrelevant to your + work; but as the idea seems not an improbable one to some whose judgment + I value, I venture to send it.</p> + + <p class="author">E.C.H.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SOCINIAN BOAST.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 375.).</p> + + <p>One of your correspondents, referring to the lines lately quoted by + Dr. Pusey—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Tota jacet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,</p> + <p>Calvinus muros, sed fundamenta Socinus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>inquires "by what Socinian writer" are these two hexameter verses used + ?</p> + + <p>In reply, I beg to remark that by "Socinian" is, I suppose, meant + "Unitarian," for even the immediate converts of Socinus refused to be + called Socinians, alleging that their belief was founded on the teaching + of Jesus Christ; and modern Unitarians, disowning all human authority in + religious matters, cannot take to themselves the name of Socinus.</p> + + <p>The distich, however, appears to have been in use among the Polish + Unitarians shortly after the death of Faustus Socinus, as respectfully + expressive of the exact effect which they conceived that he had produced + in the religious world. Mr. Wallace, in his <i>Antitrinitarian + Biography</i>, vol. iii. p. 323., states that it is "the epitaph said to + have been inscribed on the tomb of Faustus Socinus." Mr. Wallace's + authority for this assertion I have not been able to discover. Bock + (<i>Hist. Antitrinitariorum</i>, vol. iii. p. 725.), whom Mr. Wallace + generally follows, observes that the adherents of Faustus Socinus were + accustomed to use these lines "respecting his decease," (qui de ejus + obitu canere soliti sunt). This would seem to imply that the lines were + composed not long after the death of Faustus Socinus. Probably they + formed originally a part of poem written as a eulogy on him by some + minister of the Unitarian church. The case would not be without a + parallel.</p> + + <p>Three versions of the distich are before me; that cited by Dr. Pusey, + and the two which follow:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Alta ruit Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,</p> + <p>Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus."</p> + <p class="i16">Fock, <i>Socinianismus</i>, vol. i. p. 180.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Tota ruet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,</p> + <p>Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus."</p> + <p class="i16">Bock, <i>ut supra</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Which is the original? Bock's reading has the preference in my mind, + because he is known to have founded his history on the results of his own + personal investigations among the manuscripts as <!-- Page 484 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page484" id="page484"></a>{484}</span> well as + the printed documents of the Polish Unitarian Churches. Besides, if, as + there is reason to believe, the lines were composed shortly after the + death of F. Socinus, <i>ruet</i> (<i>will</i> fall) would now correctly + describe what, at so small a distance from the days of Luther and Calvin, + may be supposed to have been the feeling among the Polish Unitarians; + whereas Dr. Pusey's <i>jacet</i> (lies low, in the <i>present</i> tense) + does as certainly partake somewhat of the grandiloquent. That no "boast," + however, was intended, becomes probable, when we consider that the + distich was designed to convey a feeling of reverence towards Socinus + rather than an insult to Rome.</p> + + <p class="author">JOHN R. BEARD.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>The Königs-stuhl at Rheuze</i> (Vol. ii., p. 442.).—DR. BELL, + who inquires for an engraving of the old <i>Königs</i> or + <i>Kaisers-stuhl</i>, at Rheuze, is referrred to the <i>History of + Germany, on the Plan of Mrs. Markham's Histories</i>, published by + Murray, where, on the 188th page, he will find a very neat woodcut of + this building, which we are told was destroyed in 1807, and rebuilt after + the original model in 1843. It is of an octagon form, supported by + pillars, with seven stone seats round the sides for the electors, and one + in the centre for the emperor.</p> + + <p class="author">M.H.G.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[The woodcuts of this work deserve especial commendation, being + accurate representations of objects of historical interest, instead of + the imaginative illustrations too often introduced into works which claim + to represent the truth of history. Many of the engravings, such as that + of the <i>room in which the Council of Constance was held</i>, and the + <i>Cages of the Anabaptists</i> attached to the tower of <i>St. Lambert's + Church, Munster</i>, are, we have understood, copied from original + sketches placed at Mr. Murray's disposal for the purpose of being used in + the work in question.]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Mrs. Tempest</i> (Vol. ii., p. 407.).—This lady was one of + the two daughters of Henry Tempest, Esq., of Newton Grange, Yorkshire + (son of Sir John Tempest of Tong Hall, who was created a baronet in + 1664), by his wife Alathea, daughter of Sir Henry Thompson of Marston, + co. York. She died unmarried in 1703. As the Daphne of Pope's pastoral + "Winter," inscribed to her memory, she is celebrated in terms which + scarcely bear out the remark of your correspondent, that the poet "has no + special allusion to her."</p> + + <p class="author">J.T. HAMMACK.</p> + + <p><i>Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches.</i>—In + reply to M.'s Query, I beg to inform him, that to find a calendar of + <i>both</i> the above churches, he need seek no further than the + <i>Almanach de Gotha</i> for the year 1851. He will there find what he + wants, on authority no doubt sufficient.</p> + + <p class="author">D.C.</p> + + <p><i>The Conquest</i> (Vol. ii., p. 440).—I do not agree with L. + in thinking that the modern notion, that this word means "a forcible + method of acquisition," is an erroneous one; but have no doubt that, + whatever its original derivation may be, it was used in that sense. If + William I. never pretended "to annex the idea of victory to + conquisition," it is certain that his son William II. did: for we find a + charter of his in the <i>Monasticon</i> (ed. 1846), vol. vi. p. 992., + confirming a grant of the church of St. Mary of Andover to the abbey of + St. Florence, at Salmur, in Anjou, in which there is the following + recital:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Noscant qui sunt et qui futuri sunt, quod Willielmus</p> + <p>rex, qui <i>armis Anglicam terram sibi subjugavit</i>,</p> + <p>dedit." &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>If this charter was granted by William I., under whom Dugdale has + placed it in his <i>Chronica Series</i>, p. 1., <i>nomine Baldric</i>, + the argument is so much the stronger; but I have endeavored to prove by + internal evidence (<i>Judges of England</i>, vol. i. p. 67.) that it is a + charter of William II.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD FOSS.</p> + + <p><i>Thruscross</i> (Vol. ii., p. 441.).—In a sermon preached at + the funeral of Lady Margaret Mainard, at Little Easton, in Essex, June + 30, 1682, by Bishop Ken, he says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The silenced, and plundered, and persecuted clergy she thought worthy + of double honour, did vow a certain sum yearly out of her income, which + she laid aside, only to succour them. The congregations where she then + communicated, were those of the Reverend and pious Dr. Thruscross and Dr. + Mossom, both now in heaven, and that of the then Mr. Gunning, the now + most worthy Bishop of Ely, for whom she ever after had a peculiar + veneration."</p> + + <p>"My last son Izaak, borne the 7th of September, 1651, at halfe an + houre after two o'clock in the afternoone, being Sunday, and he was + baptized that evening by Mr. Thruscross, in my house in Clerkenwell. Mr. + Henry Davison and my brother Beacham were his godfathers, and Mrs. Roe + his godmother."—<i>Izaak Walton's Entry in his Prayer Book.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Peckhard, in his <i>Life of Nicholas Ferrar</i>, p. 213., quotes + Barwick's Life, Oley, Thruscross, and Thorndike.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + + <p><i>Osnaburgh Bishopric</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 358. 447.).—The + succession to this bishopric was regulated by the Treaty of Westphalia, + in 1648. By virtue of that treaty the see of Osnaburgh is alternately + possessed by a Romish and a Protestant prince; and when it comes to the + turn of a Protestant, it is to be given to a younger son of the house of + Hanover. The <i>Almanach de Gotha</i> will most probably supply the + information who succeeded the late Duke of York. Looking at the names of + the titular bishops of Osnaburgh, it may be inferred that the duties + attached to the see are confined to its temporalities.</p> + + <p class="author">J.T. HAMMACK.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 485 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page485" id="page485"></a>{485}</span></p> + + <p><i>Nicholas Ferrar</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407. 444.).—The + libellous pamphlet, entitled <i>The Arminian Nunnery at Little + Gidding</i>, is printed entire in the Appendix to Hearne's Preface to + Langtoft. One of the Harmonies of the Life of Christ is in the British + Museum, and another at St. John's College, Oxford (Qy.) (See the list of + MSS. once at Gidding, Peckhard, p. 306.) N. Ferrar published and wrote + the preface to Herbert's <i>Temple</i>, 1633,—and translated + Valdesso's <i>Divine Considerations</i>, Camb. 1646.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + + <p><i>Butchers' Blue Dress</i> (Vol. ii., p. 266.).—A blue dress + does not show stains of blood, inasmuch as blood, when dry, becomes of a + blue colour. I have always understood this to be the explanation of this + custom.</p> + + <p class="author">X.Z.</p> + + <p><i>Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve</i> (Vol. ii., p. 442.).—This + portrait is engraved in Strutt's <i>Regal and Ecclesiastical + Antiquities</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J.I.D.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[And we may add, in the edition of Tyrwhitt's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>, + published by Pickering—ED.]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Chaucer's Portrait</i> (Vol. ii., p. 442.).—His portrait, + from Occleve's poem, has been engraved in octavo and folio by Vertue. + Another, from the Harleian MS., engraved by Worthington, is in + Pickering's edition of Tyrwhitt's <i>Chaucer</i>. Occleve's poem has not + been printed; but see Ritson's <i>Biblioth. Poetica</i>, and Warton's + <i>H.E.P.</i> A full-length portrait of Chaucer is given in Shaw's + <i>Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages</i>; another, on horseback, + in Todd's <i>Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + + <p><i>Lady Jane of Westmoreland</i> (Vol. i., p. 103.).—I think + your correspondent Q.D. is wrong in his supposition that the two + following entries in Mr. Collier's second volume of <i>Extracts from the + Registers of the Stationers' Company</i> refer to a composition by Lady + Jane of Westmoreland:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1585-6. Cold and uncoth blowes, of the Lady Jane of Westmorland.</p> + + <p>1586-7. A songe of Lady Jane of Westmorland."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>My idea is, that the ballad (for Mr. Collier thinks that both entries + relate to one production) was merely one of those metrical ditties sung + about the streets of London depicting the woes and sufferings of some + unfortunate lady. The question is, who was this "unfortunate lady?" She + was the wife of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted about the + year 1570, and died in Flanders anno 1584. I learn this from a MS. of the + period, now before me, entitled <i>Some Account of the Sufferinges of the + Ladye Jane of Westmorlande, who dyed in Exile. By T.C.</i> Perhaps at + some future time I may trouble your readers with an account of this + highly interesting MS.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Gray and Dodsley.</i>—As the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has repeated + his Queries on Gray and Dodsley, I must make a second attempt to answer + them with due precision, assured that no man is more disposed than + himself to communicate information for the satisfaction of others.</p> + + <p>1. <i>Gray</i>: In the first edition of the <i>Elegy</i> the epithet + in question is <i>droning</i>; and so it stands in the <i>Poems of + Gray</i>, as edited by himself, in 1753, 1768, &c.</p> + + <p>2. <i>Dodsley</i>: The first edition of the important poetical + miscellany which bears his name was published in 1748, in three volumes, + 12mo.</p> + + <p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p><i>The New Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and + History</i>, may be considered as the third in that important series of + Classical Dictionaries for which the world is indebted to the learning of + Dr. Smith. As the present work is distinguished by the same excellencies + which have won for the <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</i>, + and the <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</i>, the + widely-spread reputation they enjoy, we shall content ourselves with a + few words explanatory of the arrangement of a work which, it requires no + great gift of prophecy to foretell, must ere long push Lemprière from its + stool. The present Dictionary may be divided into three portions. The + Biographical, which includes all the historical names of importance which + occur in the Greek and Roman writers, from the earliest times down to the + extinction of the Western Empire; those of all Greek and Roman writers, + whose works are either extant or known to have exercised an influence + upon their respective literatures; and, lastly, those of all the more + important artists of antiquity. In the Mythological division may be + noticed first, the discrimination, hitherto not sufficiently attended to, + between the Greek and Roman mythology, and which in this volume is shown + by giving an account of the Greek divinities under their Greek names, and + the Roman divinities under their Latin names; and, secondly, what is of + still more consequence, the care to avoid as far as possible all + indelicate allusions in the respective histories of such divinities. + Lastly, in the Geographical portion of the work, and which will probably + be found the most important one, very few omissions will be discovered of + names occurring in the chief classical writers. This brief sketch of the + contents of this <i>New Classical Dictionary</i> will satisfy our readers + that Dr. Smith has produced a volume, not only of immense value to those + who are entering upon their classical studies, but one which will be + found a most useful handbook to the scholar and the more advanced + student.</p> + + <p><i>The Greek Church, A Sketch</i>, is the last of the Shilling Series + in which Mr. Appleyard has described <!-- Page 486 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page486" id="page486"></a>{486}</span> the + different sections of Christendom, with a view to their ultimate reunion. + Like its predecessors, the volume is amiable and interesting, but being + historical rather than doctrinal, is scarcely calculated to give the + uninformed reader a very precise view of the creed of the Greek Church. + It may serve, however, to assure us that the acrimony of religious + discussion and the mutual jealousy of Church and State, which disquiets + so many minds at present, was more than matched in the days of + Constantine and Athanasius.</p> + + <p>The last part of the <i>Transactions of the Academy of Sciences</i> of + Berlin contains two papers by Jacob Grimm, which will doubtless be + perused with great interest in this country. The one on the ancient + practice of burning the bodies of the dead (<i>Ueber das Verbrennen der + Leichen</i>) will be of especial interest to English antiquaries; but the + other, from its connexion with the great educational questions which now + occupy so much of public attention, will probably be yet more attractive. + It is entitled, <i>Ueber Schüle Universität Academie</i>. Separate copies + of these Essays may be procured from Messrs. Williams and Norgate.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (Wellington Street, Strand) will sell on + Monday next and two following days the valuable Dramatic and + Miscellaneous Library of the late John Fullarton, Esq., which contains an + extensive collection of the early editions of the Old English + Dramatists.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues:—Bernard Quaritch's + (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 21. for 1850, of + Antiquarian, Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; + William Heath's (29œ, Lincoln Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 6. for 1850, of + Valuable Second-hand Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List of very + Cheap Books.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p>LAW'S LETTERS TO BISHOP HOADLEY.</p> + + <p>MILLES, REV. ISAAC, ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND CONVERSATION OF, 1721.</p> + + <p>BRAY, REV. T., PUBLIC SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIFE AND DESIGNS OF, + 8vo. 1746.</p> + + <p>HUET'S COMMERCE OF THE ANCIENTS, 1717.</p> + + <p>VINCE'S ASTRONOMY, 3 Vols. 1808.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. + Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + + <p>JEEDEE. <i>Notwithstanding Dr. Parr's assertion to the contrary, the + </i>MALLEUS MALEFICARUM<i> is by no means an uncommon book, as may be + seen by a reference to Grüsse </i>(Bibliotheca Magica, p. 32.)<i>, where + upwards of a dozen editions are enumerated, and a table of its contents + may be seen. The work has been very fully analysed in the second volume + of Horst's Dämonomagie, and, if we remember rightly, its history is told + by Soldan in his </i>Gesch. der Hexenprocesse.</p> + + <p>R.H. (Trin. Coll. Dub.) <i>will see that it is impossible to adopt his + kind suggestion without spoiling the uniformity of the work. We have a + bound copy of our First Volume now before us, and can assure him that, + although the margin is necessarily narrow the book has not been spoilt by + the binder.</i></p> + + <p>J.S. Nortor <i>or </i>Nawter<i> is only the provincial mode of + pronouncing </i>neatherd<i>. The </i>Nolt<i> market is the ancient name + of a street in Newcastle—the cattle-market. See Brockett's + </i>Gloss. of North Country Words<i>, s.v. </i>NOWT<i> or </i>NOLT.</p> + + <p>A.H. (Stoke Newington). "Limbeck" <i>is used by Shakspeare for + </i>"Alembic;"<i> and in the passage in Macbeth</i>,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"That memory, the warder of the brain,</p> + <p>Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason</p> + <p>A limbeck only."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Receipt <i>is used in the sense of </i>receptacle<i>; and (we quote + from one of the commentators)</i>, "The <i>limbeck</i> is the vessel + through which distilled liquors pass into the recipients. So shall it be + with memory, through which every thing shall pass, and nothing + remain."</p> + + <p>DJEDALEME TEBEYR. <i>Some of our correspondent's articles would, we + have no doubt, have appeared ere this, but for the difficulty of + deciphering his handwriting. Our correspondents little know how greatly + they would facilitate our labours by writing more legibly.</i></p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—P. 406, col. 2. l. 45, for "vingto" read "MSto;" + l. 48, for "indefe<i>n</i>sus" read "indefe<i>s</i>sus." P. 469, col. 1. + lines 44, 50, and 53, for "Litt<i>ers</i>" read "Litt<i>us</i>."</p> + + <p>In the advertisement of Mr. Appleyard's <i>Greek Church</i>, in our + last Number, p. 471, for "Darling, Great <i>Cullen</i> Street," read + "Darling, Great <i>Queen</i> Street."</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + + <p>Labitzky's quadrille of all nations, dedicated by special permission + to H.R.H. Prince Albert, performed Eighteen consecutive Nights at the + GRAND NATIONAL CONCERTS, and invariably encored twice or three times + nightly <i>[some words illegible]</i> 4<i>s.</i>; Piano Duet, 6<i>s.</i>, + Orchestra, 8s. On Order of all good Music-sellers, and of the Publishers, + MESSRS. R. COCKS AND CO., New Burlington Street, London, Publishers to + Her Most Gracious Majesty.</p> + + <p>N.B.—Just published, COCKS'S MUSICAL MISCELLANY, for October, + November, and December. 2<i>d.</i> each; stamped 3<i>d.</i> each.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>DR. WORDSWORTH'S TREATISE ON THE CHURCH, SIXTH EDITION.</p> + + <p>In crown 8vo., price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, the Sixth Edition of + THEOPHILUS ANGLICANUS; or, Instruction concerning the CHURCH, and the + Anglican Branch of it. For the Use of Schools, Colleges, and Candidates + for Holy Orders. By CHR. WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster.</p> + + <p>RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; Of whom may be + had,</p> + + <p>1. ELEMENTS OF INSTRUCTION CONCERNING THE CHURCH. By the SAME AUTHOR. + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>2. CATECHESIS; or, Christian Instruction preparatory to CONFIRMATION, + and FIRST COMMUNION. By the Rev. CHARLES WORDSWORTH, M.A. 5<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Foreign books gratis and post free.—A CATALOGUE of very Cheap + Second-hand FOREIGN BOOKS, in all European Languages, has just been + issued by FRANZ THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, (German Circulating Library), + 88. New Bond Street. The Catalogue will be forwarded to those who will + favour MR. THIMM with their addresses.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><!-- Page 487 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page487" id="page487"></a>{487}</span></p> + + <p>NOW READY,</p> + + <p>CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART-WORKMANSHIP, IN GOLD, SILVER, STEEL, BRONZE, + IVORY, WOOD, GLASS, LEATHER, EARTHENWARE, &c.</p> + + <p>UPWARDS OF SIXTY EXAMPLES SELECTED FROM THE EXHIBITION OF ANCIENT AND + MEDIÆVAL ART AT THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, DRAWN AND ENGRAVED UNDER THE + SUPERINTENDENCE OF PHILIP DE LA MOTTE.</p> + + <p>Elegantly Bound in Cloth, with Gilt Bosses, in fac-simile of an + Ancient Venetian Binding.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Imperial Octavo, bound in cloth with bosses ... £1 5 0</p> + <p>Ditto coloured and gilt, bound in morocco ... £4 4 0</p> + <p>Large Paper, bound in cloth with bosses ... £3 3 0</p> + <p>Ditto coloured and gilt, bound in morocco ... £6 6 0</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>*** <i>A few Vellum Copies will be printed to Order only. These will + be most carefully Illuminated and finished by</i> MR. DE LA MOTTE, + <i>Bound in Velvet, price Twelve Guineas.</i></p> + + <p>LONDON: CUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. Old Bond Street.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>VALUABLE LIBRARY OF THE LATE JAMES BROWN.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneer of Literary + Property and Works Illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, + at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on FRIDAY, December 20, + 1850, and following day, at One o'clock precisely, the VALUABLE LIBRARY + of the late JAMES BROWN, Esq., for many years a Clerk in the General Post + Office, comprising Comte Lamberg, Collection des Vases Grecs, expliquée + et publiée par La Borde, 2 vols., a beautiful and interesting work; La + Borde, Voyage Pittoresque en Autriche, 3 vols., plates finely coloured; + La Borde, Descripcion de un Pavimento de Mosayco, with coloured plates; + the Fine Picturesque Works of Coney, Neale, Haghe, Lawis, Müller, Nash, + and Wilkie, all fine and picked sets, complete; an Interesting Collection + of Illustrious and Noble Foreigners, arranged in 5 vols.; Genealogical + Illustrations of the Ancient Family of Gruee, a splendid Heraldic + Manuscript, written by P. Absalom, Esq.; Dugdale, History of St. Paul's, + fine copy, illustrated with extra portraits; Illustrations of the Noble + family of Howard, finely emblazoned by P. Absalom, illustrated with + upwards of seventy scarce portraits of the family; Lysons, Magna + Britannia, 8 vols. in 9; Equestrian Portraits of the Family of Nassau and + Orange, the Fine Work on Early German Stained Glass, published by Weale; + Chalmers, General Biographical Dictionary, 32 vols. half russia; Lodge, + Portraits of Illustrious Persons, 12 vols.; Neale. Views of the Seats in + Great Britain; Sir W. Scott, Novels and Tales, 25 vols., fine copy, in + calf, marbled leaves; Shaw, General Zoology, coloured plates, 30 + vols.</p> + + <p>To be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on + receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>MR. DOYLE'S CHRISTMAS BOOK.</p> + + <p>THE STORY OF JACK AND THE GIANTS.</p> + + <p>With Forty Illustrations by RICHARD DOYLE. Engraved by G. and E. + DALZIEL. Small 4to., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> ornamental wrapper; + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth; coloured, gilt edges, 6<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>CUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. 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Fleet + Street aforesaid.—Saturday, December 14. 1850.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 59, December +14, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + +***** This file should be named 15427-h.htm or 15427-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/4/2/15427/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +{473} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 59.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + The First Paper-mill in England, by Dr. E.F. Rimbault 473 + Specimens of Foreign English 474 + Folk Lore:--May-dew--Piskies--The Dun Cow-- + Lady Godiva--"Can du plera meleor cera" 474 + Minor Notes--Circulation of the Blood--Origin of + the Word "Culprit"--Collar of SS.--The Singing of + Swans--Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs--Portraits + of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan--Sonnet: Attempting + to prove that Black is White--Nicholas + Bretons Fantasticks 475 + + QUERIES:-- + The Wise Men of Gotham 476 + Herstmonceux Castle 477 + Minor Queries:--Yorkshire Ballads--Ringing a Hand-bell + before a Corpse--Church of St. Savior, Canterbury-- + Mock Beggar's Hall--Beatrix Lady Talbot-- + English Prize Essays--Rev. Joseph Blanco White-- + History of the Inquisition--Lady Deloraine--Speke + Family--Pope's Villa--Armorial Bearings--Passage + From Tennyson--Meaning of "Sauenap"--Hoods + worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge-- + Euclid and Aristotle--Ventriloquism--Fanningus, + the King's Whisperer--Frances Lady Norton-- + Westminster Wedding--Stone's Diary--Dr. King's + poem of "The Toast"--"Anima Magis" etc.--The + Adventures of Peter Wilkins--Translations of the + Talmud--Torn by Horses--The Marks *, [obelus], &c. + --Blackguard 478 + + REPLIES:-- + Church History Society, by S.R. Maitland 480 + Defender of the Faith, by W.S. Gibson 481 + Meaning of Jezebel 482 + Socinian Boast, by J.R. Beard 483 + Replies to Minor Queries:--The Koenig stuhl at Rheuze + --Mrs. Tempest--Calendar of Sundays in Greek and + Romish Churches--The Conquest--Thruscross-- + Osnaburgh Bishopric--Nicholas Ferrar--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve--Lady + Jane of Westmoreland--Gray and Dodsley 484 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 485 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 486 + Notices to Correspondents 486 + Advertisements 486 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +THE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND. + +In the year 1588, a paper-mill was established at Dartford, in Kent, by +John Spilman, "jeweller to the Queen." The particulars of this mill are +recorded in a poem by Thomas Churchyard, published shortly after its +foundation, under the following title:-- + +"A description and playne discourse of paper, and the whole benefits that +paper brings, with rehearsall, and setting foorth in verse a paper-myll +built near Darthforth, by an high Germaine, called Master Spilman, jeweller +to the Queene's Majyestie." + +The writer says: + + "(Then) he that made for us a paper-mill, + Is worthy well of love and worldes good will, + And though his name be _Spill-man_, by degree, + Yet _Help_-man now, he shall be called by mee. + Six hundred men are set at work by him, + That else might starve, or seeke abroade their bread; + Who now live well, and go full brave and trim, + And who may boast _they_ are with paper fed." + +In another part of the poem Churchyard adds: + + "An high Germaine he is, as may be proovde, + In Lyndoam Bodenze, borne and bred, + And for this mille, may heere be truly lovde, + And praysed, too, for deep device of head." + +It is a common idea that this was the first paper-mill erected in England; +and we find an intelligent modern writer, Mr. J.S. Burn, in his _History of +the Foreign Refugees_, repeating the same erroneous statement. At page 262, +of his curious and interesting work be says: + + "The county of Kent has been long famed for its manufacture of paper. + It was at Dartford, in this county, that paper was _first made_ in + England." + +But it is proved beyond all possibility of doubt that a paper-mill existed +in England almost a century before the date of the establishment at +Dartford. In Henry VII.'s _Household Book_, we have the following:-- + + "1498. For a rewarde geven at the pulper-mylne, 16s. 8d." + +Again:-- + + "1499. Geven in rewarde to Tate of the Mylne, 6s. 8d." + +And in _Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum_, printed by Wynkyn de Worde +in 1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of +Hertford, belonging to JOHN TATE the younger, which was undoubtedly the +"mylne" visited by Henry VII. + +The water-mark used by John Tate was an eight-pointed star within a double +circle. In the {474} twelfth volume of the _Archaeeologia_, p. 114., is a +variety of fac-similes of water-marks used by our early paper makers, +exhibited in five large plates, but is not a little singular that the mark +of John Tate is omitted. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +SPECIMENS OF FOREIGN ENGLISH. + +The accompanying specimens of foreign English you may perhaps consider +worth a corner among the minor curiosities of literature:-- + +_Basle._-- + + "Bains ordinaires et artificiels, tenu par B. Sigemund, Dr. in + medicine, Basle. In this new erected establishment, which the Owner + recommends best to all foreigners are to have,--Ordinary and artful + baths, russia and sulphury bagnios, pumpings, artful mineral waters, + gauze lemonads, fournished apartments for patients." + +_Cologne._ Title-page in lithograph. + + "_Remembrance on the Cathedral of Cologne._--A collection of his most + remarkable monumens, so as of the most artful ornamous and precious + hilts of his renaconed tresory. Draconed and lithographed by Gerhardt + Levy Elkan and Hallersch, collected by Gerhd. Emans." + +_Augsburg_, Drei Mohren Hotel. Entry in travellers' book. + + "January 28. 1815.--His Grace Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, &c. + &c. &c. Great honour arrived at the beginning of this year to the three + Moors: this illustrious warrior, whose glorious atchievements, which, + cradled in Asia, have filled Europe with his renown, descended in it." + +_Mount Etna._ Printed notice found attached to the wall of one of the rooms +in the Casa degl' Inglesi, Mount Etna, October, 1844: + + "In consequence of the damage suffered in the house called English set + on the Etna for the reprehensible conduct of some persons there + recovered, the following provisional regulations are prescribed, + authorized, and granted to M. Gemmellaro[1], who has the key of the + mentioned house for his labour, honour, and money spent to finish such + edifice, besides his kind reception for travellers curious to visit the + mountain. + + I. Any person desirous to get the key of the house is requested to + apply to M.G., and in case of his absence, to ... signing his name, + title, and country, in the same time tell the guide's and muleteer's + name, just to drive away those have been so rough to spoil the + moveables and destroy the stables ... are the men to be particularly + remarked. + + II. Nobody is admitted without a certificate of M.G., which will assure + to have received his name, &c. &c., except those are known by the + fore-going strangers. + + III. According to the afore-mentioned articles, nobody will take the + liberty to go in the house and force the lock of the door: he will + really suffer the most severe punishment fixed against violence. + + IV. Is not permitted to any body to put mules in the rooms destined for + the use of people, notwithstanding the insufficiency of stables. It is + forbidden likewise to dirtes the walls with pencil or coal. M.G. will + procure a blank book for those learned people curious to write their + observations. A particular care must be taken for the moveables settled + in the house. + + V. The house must be left clean and without fire, to avoid + conflagration; it is forbidden to leave rooms or windows opened, as the + house has been lately damaged by the winds, snow, sand, &c. &c.; the + aforementioned A.D., M.N. are imputed of negligence and malice: persons + neglecting to execute the above article will be severely punished, and + are obliged to pay damages and expences. + + VI. As soon as the traveller returns at Nicolosi, either to S. Nicolo + l'Arena, will immediately deliver the key to M.G., as it commonly + happens that foreigners are waiting for it. A certificate must be + likewise delivered, declaring that the afore-mentioned regulations have + been exactly executed. It is likewise proper and just to reward M. Gem. + for the expense of moveables, money, &c, &c., and for the advantage + travellers may get to examine the Volcan, for better than Empedocli, + Amodei, Fazelli, Brydon, Spallanzani, and great many others. M. Gemm. + has lately been authorized to deny the key whenever is unkindly + requested. He is also absolutely obliged to inform the gen. of the + army, who is determined to punish with rigour their insolence." + +_Mount Sinai._--(On the fly-leaf of the travellers' book.) + + "Here in too were inscribed as in one legend, all whose in the rule of + the year come from different parts, different cities and countries, + pilgrims and travellers of any different rank and religion or + profession, for advise and notice thereof to their posterity, and even + also in owr own of memory acknowledging. 1845, Mount Sinai." + +VIATOR. + +[Footnote 1: The name of this gentleman will be recognised by some of the +readers of NOTES AND QUERIES as that of a most indefatigable explorer of +the wonders of the mountain, and the author, in the _Transactions of the +Catanian Academy_., of excellent descriptions of its recent eruptions.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_May-dew._--Every one has heard of the virtues of "May-dew," but perhaps +the complex superstition following may be less generally known. A +respectable tradesman's wife in this town (Launceston) tells me that the +poor people here say that a swelling in the neck may be cured by the +patient's going _before sunrise_, on the 1st of May, to the grave of the +last young man who has been buried in the church-yard, and applying the +dew, gathered by passing the hand _three times_ from the {475} head to the +foot of the grave, to the part affected by the ailment.[2] This was told me +yesterday in reply to a question, whether the custom of gathering "May-dew" +is still prevailing here. I may as well add, that the common notion of +improving the complexion by washing the face with the early dew in the +fields on the 1st of May extensively prevails in these parts; and they say +that a child who is weak in the back may be cured by drawing him over the +grass wet with the morning dew. The experiment must be thrice performed, +that is, on the mornings of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May. I find no +allusion to these specific applications of "May-dew" in Ellis's _Brand_. + +H.G.T. + +[Footnote 2: If the patient be a woman, the grave chosen must be that of +the last young man buried, and that of the last young woman in the case of +a man patient.] + +_Piskies._--An old woman, the wife of a respectable farmer at a place +called "Colmans," in the parish of Werrington, near Launceston, has +frequently told my informant before-mentioned of a "piskey" (for _so_, and +not _pixy_, the creature is called _here_, as well as in parts of Devon) +which frequently _made its appearance_ in the form of small child in the +kitchen of the farm-house, where the inmates were accustomed to set a +little stool for it. It would do a good deal of household work, but if the +hearth and chimney corner were not kept neatly swept, it would pinch the +maid. The piskey would often come into the kitchen and sit on its little +stool before the fire, so that the old lady had many opportunities of +seeing it. Indeed it was a familiar guest in the house for many months. At +last it left the family under these circumstances. One evening it was +sitting on the stool as usual, when it suddenly started, looked up, and +said,-- + + "Piskey fine, and Piskey gay, + Now Piskey! run away!" + +and vanished; after which it never appeared again. This distich is the +first utterance of a piskey I have heard. + +The word "fine" put me in mind of the expression "_fine_ spirit," "_fine_ +Ariel," &c., noticed by DR. KENNEDY lately in NOTES AND QUERIES (Vol. ii., +p. 251.). It is worth notice that the people here seem to entertain no +doubt as to the identity of piskies and fairies. Indeed I am told, that the +old woman before mentioned called her guest indifferently "piskey" or +"fairy." + +The country people in this neighbourhood sometimes put a prayer-book under +a child's pillow as a charm to keep away the piskies. I am told that a poor +woman near Launceston was fully persuaded that one of her children was +taken away and a piskey substituted, the disaster being caused by the +absence of the prayer-book on one particular night. This story reminds me +of the "killcrop." + +H.G.T. + +1. The _dun cow_ of Dunsmore filled with milk every vessel that was brought +to her till an envious witch tried to milk her in a sieve. + +2. _Lady Godiva._--A close-fitting dress might suggest the idea of nudity; +but was not the horse borrowed from the warrior Lady of Mercia Ethelfleda? + +3. CAN DU PLERA MELEOR CERA. Quand Dieu plaira meilleur sera. Charm on a +ring, olim penes W. Hamper, F.A.S. + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Circulation of the Blood._--About twenty-five years since, being in a +public library in France, a learned physician pointed out to me in the +works of the Venerable Bede a passage in which the fact of the circulation +of the blood appeared to him and myself to be clearly stated. I regret that +I did not, at the time, "make a note of it," and that I cannot now refer to +it, not having access to a copy of Bede: and I now mention it in hopes that +some of your correspondents may think it worth while to make it a subject +of research. + +J. MN. + +_Culprit, Origin of the Word._--Long ago I made this note, that this much +used English word was of French extraction, and that it was "_qu'il +paruit_," from the short way the clerk of the court has of pronouncing his +words; for our pleadings were formerly in French, and when the pleadings +were begun, he said to the defendant "_qu'il parait_"--culprit; and as he +was generally culpable, the "_qu'il parait_" became a synonyme with +offender. + +T. + +Cambridge. + + [Does not our ingenious correspondent point at the more correct origin + of _culprit_, when he speaks of the defendant being "generally + _culpable?_"] + +_Collar of SS._--In the volume of Bury Wills just issued by the Camden +Society, is an engraving from the decorations of the chantry chapel in St. +Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmund's, of John Baret, who died in 146-; in which +the collar is represented as SS in the upright form set on a collar of +leather or other material. It is described in the will as "my collar of the +king's livery." John Baret, says the editor of the Wills, was a lay officer +of the monastery of St. Edmund, probably treasurer, and was deputed to +attend Henry VI. on the occasion of the king's long visit to that famed +monastic establishment in 14--. + +BURIENSIS. + +_The Singing of Swans._--"It would," says Bishop Percy (Mallet's _North. +Antiq._, ii. p. 72.), "be a curious subject of disquisition, to inquire +what could have given rise to so arbitrary and groundless a notion as the +singing of swans," {476} which "hath not wanted assertors from almost every +nation." (Sir T. Browne.) + + "Not in more swelling whiteness sails + Cayster's swan to western gales, [3] + When the melodious murmur sings + 'Mid her slow-heav'd voluptuous wings." + +T.J. + +[Footnote 3: "It was an ancient notion that the music of the swan was +produced by its wings, and inspired by the zephyr. See this subject, +treated with his accustomed erudition, by Mr. Jodrell, in his +_Illustrations of the Ion of Euripides_."--Bulwer's _Siamese Twins_.] + +_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs._--In consequence of the suggestion of +[Greek: D.] (Vol. ii., p. 220.), I have applied to the owner of Sir T. +Herbert's MS. account of the last days of Charles I., and the answer which +I have received is as follows: + + "I found the first part of Sir Thos. Herbert's MS. (56 pages) is not in + the edition of Woods _Athenae_ Lord W. has; but I found a note in a + pedigree book, saying it was printed in 1702, 8vo. I suppose it can be + ascertained whether this is true." + +Perhaps some of your readers may know whether there is such a volume in +existence as that described by my friend. + +ALFRED GATTY. + +_Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan._--The plan of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" appears well adapted to record the change of hands into which +portraits of literary men may pass. I accordingly offer two to your notice. + +The portrait of George Stevens, the celebrated annotator on Shakspeare, who +died in 1800, was bequeathed by him to a relative, Mrs. Gomm of Spital +Square; and at that lady's death, some years after, it passed, I have +reason to expect, into the possession of her relative, Mr. Fince, of +Bishopsgate Street. I have no farther information of it. + +The portrait of Charles Cotton, by Sir Peter Lely, was, at the time (1814) +when Linnell took a copy, and (in 1836) when Humphreys took a copy, in the +possession of John Berisford, Esq., of Compton House, Ashborne, Derbyshire; +and the following extracts of letters will show who at present possesses +it:-- + + "Leek, 14th July, 1842. + + "After Mr. Berisford's decease, I should think the portrait of Cotton + would fall into the hands of his nephew Francis Wright, Esq., of Linton + Hall, near Nottingham. + + I am, &c. &c" + + "Linton Hall, Aug. 19. 1842. + + "Sir,--The Rev. J. Martin, of Trinity College, Cambridge, is the + possessor of the portrait of Cotton to which your letter alludes. I am, + Dear Sir, + + "Yours, in haste, + + "F. WRIGHT." + +I avail myself of the present opportunity to ask the authority for the +portrait of Bunyan appended to his ever-fresh allegory. The engraved +portrait I have has not the name of the painter. + +O.W. + +_Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is White._-- + + "It has been said of many, they were quite + Prepared to prove (I do not mean in fun) + That white was really black, and black was white; + But I believe it has not yet been done. + Black (Saxon, Blac) in any way to liken + With _candour_ may seem almost out of reach; + Yet _whiten_ is in kindred German _bleichen_, + Undoubtedly identical with _bleach_: + This last verb's cognate adjective is _bleak_-- + Reverting to the Saxon, _bleak_ is blaek. [4] + A semivowel is, at the last squeak, + All that remains such difference wide to make-- + The hostile terms of keen antithesis + Brought to an _E plus ultra_ all but kiss!" + +MEZZOTINTO. + +[Footnote 4: Pronounced (as _black_ was anciently written) _blake_.] + +_Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks_, 1626.--MR. HEBER says, "Who has seen +another copy?" In Tanner's Collection in the Bodleian Library is one copy, +and in the British Museum is another, the latter from Mr. Bright's +Collection. + +W.P. + + [Another copy is in the valuable collection of the Rev. T. Corser. See + that gentleman's communication on Nicholas Breton, in our First Vol., + p. 409.] + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +THE WISE MEN OF GOTHAM. + +An ill-starred town in England seems to have enjoyed so unenviable a +reputation for some centuries for the folly and stupidity of its +inhabitants, that I am induced to send you the following Query (with the +reasons on which it is founded) in the hope that some of your readers may +be able to help one to a solution. + +Query: Why have the men of _Gotham_ been long famous for their extreme +folly? + +My authorities are,-- + +1. The Nursery Rhyme,-- + + "Three wise men of _Gotham_ + Went to sea in a bowl; + If the bowl had been stronger, + My story would have been longer." + +2. _Drunken Barnaby's Journal_ (edit. London, 1822, p. 25.), originally +printed 1774, London: + + "Veni _Gotham_, ubi multos + Si non omnes, vidi stultos, + Nam scrutando reperi unam + Salientem contra lunam + Alteram nitidam puellam + Offerentem porco sellam." + + "Thence to _Gotham_, where, sure am I, + If, _though_ not all fools, saw I many; + Here a she-bull found I prancing, + And in moonlight nimbly dancing; + There another wanton mad one, + Who her hog was set astride on." + +{477} 3. In the "Life of Robin Hood" prefixed to Ritson's _Collection of +Ballads concerning Robin Hood_ (People's edit. p. 27.), the following +story, extracted from _Certaine Merry Tales of the Madmen of Gottam_, by +Dr. Andrew Borde, an eminent physician, temp. Hen. VIII. (Black letter), in +Bodleian Library, occurs:-- + + "There was two men of __Gottam_, and the one of them was going to the + market to Nottingham to buy sheepe, and the other came from the market; + and both met together upon Nottingham bridge. Well met, said the one to + the other. Whither be yee going? said he that came from Nottingham. + Marry, said he that was going thither, I goe to the market to buy + sheepe. Buy sheepe? said the other, and which way wilt thou bring them + home? Marry, said the other, I will bring them over this bridge. By + Robin Hood, said he that came from Nottingham, but thou shalt not. By + Maid Marrion, said he that was going thitherward, but I will. Thou + shalt not, said the one. I will, said the other. Ter here! said the + one. Shue there! said the other. Then they beat their staves against + the ground, one against the other, as there had been an hundred sheepe + betwixt them. Hold in, said the one. Beware the leaping over the bridge + of any sheepe, said the other. I care not, said the other. They shall + not come this way, said the one. But they shall, said the other. Then + said the other, and if that thou make much to doe, I will put my finger + in thy mouth. A t..d thou wilt, said the other. And as they were at + their contention, another man of _Gottam_ came from the market with a + sack of meale upon a horse, and seeing and hearing his neighbours at + strife for sheepe, and none betwixt them, said, Ah, fooles, will you + never learn wit? Helpe me, said he that had the meale, and lay my sacke + upon my shoulder. They did so and he went to the one side of the + bridge, and unloosed the mouth of the sacke, and did shake out all his + meale into the river. Now, neighbours, said the mall, how much meale is + there in my sacke now? Marry, there is none at all, said they. Now, by + my faith, said he, even as much wit as in your two heads, to strive for + that thing you have not. Which was the wisest of all these three + persons, judge you?" + +4. Tom Coryat, in an oration to the Duke of York (afterwards Chas. I.), +called _Crambe, or Colwarts twice sodden_ (London, 1611), has this +passage:-- + + "I came to Venice, and quickly took a survey of the whole model of the + city, together with the most remarkable matters thereof; and shortly + after any arrival in England I overcame any adversaries in the Town of + Evill, in my native county of Somersetshire, who thought to have sunk + me in a bargain of pilchards, as the _wise men of Gottam_ went about to + drown an eel." + +5. Dr. More's _Antidote against Atheism_, cap. ii. Sec. 14.: + + "But because so many bullets joggled together in a man's hat will + settle a determinate figure, or because the frost and wind will draw + upon doors and glass windows pretty uncouth streaks like feathers and + other fooleries which are to no use or purpose, try infer thence, that + all the contrivances that are in nature, even the frame of the bodies, + both of men and beasts, are from no other principle but the jumbling + together of the matter, and so because that this doth naturally effect + something, that is the cause of all things, seems to me to be reasoning + in the same mood and figure with that wise market man's, who, going + down a hill and carrying his cheeses under his arms, one of them + falling and trundling down the hill very fast, let the other go after + it appointing them all to meet him at his house at _Gotham_, not + doubting but they beginning so hopefully, would be able to make good + the whole journey; or like another of the same town, who perceiving + that his iron trevet he had bought had three feet, and could stand, + expected also that it should walk too, and save him the labour of the + carriage." + +6. Col. T. Perronet Thompson's Works, vol. ii. p. 236., _Anti-Corn-Law +Tracts_:-- + + "If fooleries of this kind go on, _Gotham_ will be put in Schedule A., + and the representation of Unreason transferred into the West Riding." + +J.R.M., M.A. + +K.C.L. Nov. 26. 1850. + + * * * * * + +HERSTMONCEUX CASTLE. + +Can you find an early place in your pages for the following Queries +relative to the history of Herstmonceux Castle and its lords, on which a +memoir is in preparation for the next volume of the collections of the +Sussex Archaeological Society. + +1. Who was Pharamuse of Boulogne, father of Sybil de Tingry? He is called +the _nephew_ of Maud, King Stephen's wife; but I believe there is no doubt +that she was the only child and sole heir of Eustace Earl of Boulogne, +brother of Godfrey, King of Jerusalem. Where is _Tingry_, of which place he +was lord? Is there any place in the North of France bearing that name now? + +2. Will any one well skilled in the interpretation of ancient legal +documents furnish some explanation of the following extracts from the +_Rotul. de Fin._ (Hardy, i. 19.):-- + + "1199. William de Warburton and Ingelram de Monceux give 500 marks to + the king for having the inheritance of Juliana, wife of William, son of + Aymer, whose next of kin they say they are." + +Yet six years later, 1205 (Hardy, i. 310 )-- + + "Waleran de Monceux gives 100 marks for having the reasonable + (rationabilis) part of the inheritance of Juliana, as regards (versus) + Wm. de Warburton, William and Waleran being her next of kin." + +This Waleran was son of Idonea _de Herst_ (now Herst Monceux), and appears +in other documents as "Waleran _de Herst_." The land in question was in +_Compton_ (afterwards Compton _Monceux_), Hants. + +Now how are we to reconcile the two above-quoted documents? What was the +connexion {478} between Ingelram and Waleran? And how is Waleran's double +appellation to be explained? I see a reference to a family named _de +Mounceaux_ in the last number of the _Archaeological Journal_, p. 300., +holding a manor near Hawbridge, Somerset Were they of the same stock? + +3. The magnificent monument in Herstmonceux church to Thomas Lord Dacre +(who died 1534), and his eldest son, is embellished with a considerable +number of coats of arms, several of which I am unable to identity with any +connexions of the family. These are,--(1.) Sable, a cross or; (2.) Barry of +six, ar. and az., a bend gules; (3.) Arg. a fesse gules; (4.) Quarterly or, +and gules, an escarbuncle sable; (5.) Barry of six, arg. and gules; (6.) +Azure, an orle of martlets or, on an inescutcheon arg. three bass gules. + +Can any of your readers, acquainted with the Dacre and Fienes pedigrees, +appropriate any of these coats? + +4. A suite of small bed-rooms, and the gallery from which they opened, in +Herstmonceux Castle, were called respectively the _Bethlem Chambers_ and +_Bethlem Gallery_: is any instance of a similar denomination of apartments +known, and can the reason be assigned? + +5. Sir Roger Fienes, the builder of Herstmonceux Castle, accompanied Henry +V. to Agincourt. Are any references to him to be found in Sir H. Nicolas' +_Battle of Azincourt_, or elsewhere? + +6. Francis Lord Dacre was one of the noble twelve who had the courage to +appear in their places in the House of Lords and reject the ordinance for +the trial of Charles I. His son Thomas, who married the daughter of Charles +II. by the Duchess of Cleveland, and was created Earl of Sussex, was +compelled through his extravagance to alienate the castle and manor of +Herstmonceux. Are there any references to either of these peers, who played +a not inconspicuous part in the events of their times, in any of the +contemporary memoirs? Any information on any of the above points would +greatly oblige + +E.V. + +Herstmonceux, Nov. 18. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Yorkshire Ballads._--Any of your readers would confer a great favour by +referring me to any early Yorkshire ballads, or ballads relating to places +in Yorkshire, not reprinted in the ordinary collections, such as Percy, +Evans, &c. I am of course acquainted with those in the Roxburghe +collection. + +H. + +_Ringing a Handbell before a Corpse._--Is it true that whenever an +interment takes place in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, the corpse is +preceded on its way to the grave by a person who rings a small handbell at +intervals, each time giving a few tinkling strokes? My informant on this +subject was an Oxford undergraduate, who said that he had recently +witnessed the burials both of Mr. ----, a late student of Christ Church, +and of Miss ----, daughter of a living bishop: and he assured me that in +both cases this ceremony was observed. Certainly it is possible to go +through the academical course at Oxford without either hearing the bell, or +knowing of its use on such occasions: but I should now be glad to receive +some explanation of this singular custom. + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield. + +_Church of St. Saviour, Canterbury._--Tradition, I believe, has uniformly +represented that an edifice more ancient, but upon the present site of St. +Martin's, Canterbury, was used by St. Augustine and his followers in the +earliest age of Christianity in this country. St. Martin's has, on that +account, been often spoken of as the mother-church of England. Lately, +however, in perusing the fourth volume of Mr. Kemble's _Codex +Diplomaticus_, p. 1. I find a charter of King Canute, of the year 1018, +which states the church of ST. SAVIOUR, _Canterbury_, to be the +mother-church of England: + + "AEcclesia Salvatoris in Dorobernia sita, omnium AEcclesiarum regni + Angligeni _mater et domina_." + +In none of the histories of Kent or of Canterbury can I find any mention of +a church dedicated to St. Saviour. May I beg the favour of you to insert +this among your Notes? + +HENRY ELLIS. + +_Mock Beggar's Hall._--What is the origin of this name as applied to some +old mansions? One at Wallasey, in Cheshire, was so named, and another near +Ipswich, in Suffolk. And what is the earliest instance of the title? + +BURIENSIS. + +_Beatrix Lady Talbot._--Since the publication of Sir Harris Nicolas' able +contribution to the _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_ (vol. i. pp. +80-90.) no one may be excused for confounding, as Dugdale and his followers +had done, Beatrix Lady Talbot with Donna Beatrix, daughter of John, King of +Portugal, to whom Thomas FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, was married, 26th Nov., +1405. What I now wish to learn is, whether anything has since been +discovered to elucidate further the pedigree of Lady Talbot? It is evident +that she was of Portuguese origin; and it may be inferred from the +quarterings on her seal, as shown in a manuscript in the British Museum +(1st and 4th arg., five escutcheons in cross az., each charged with five +plates in saltire, for _Portugal_; and 2nd and 3rd az., five crescents in +saltire, or), that she was a member of the Portuguese family of Pinto, +which is the only house in Portugal that bears the five crescents in +saltire, as displayed on the seal. + +SCOTUS. + +{479} + +_English Prize Essays._--Is there at present, in either of the +universities, or elsewhere, any prize, medal, or premium given for English +essays, for which all England could compete, irrespective of birth, place +of education, &c.; and, if so, particulars as to where such could be +obtained, would greatly oblige + +MODEST AMBITION. + +_Rev. Joseph Blanco White._--_History of the Inquisition._--In the Rev. +J.H. Thom's _Life of the Rev. Joseph Blanco White_ it is stated that he had +made a collection for a history of the Inquisition which he intended to +publish; and in a batch of advertisements preceding the first volume of +Smedley's _Reformed Religion in France_, published in 1832 by Rivingtons, +as part of their Theological Library. I find an announcement of other works +to be included in the series, and amongst others, already in preparation, +_The Origin and Growth of the Roman Catholic Inquisition against Heresy and +Apostacy_; by Joseph Blanco White, M.A. I need not ask whether the work was +_published_, for it is not to be found in the London Catalogue; but I wish +to ask whether any portion of the work was ever placed in the publisher's +hands, or ever printed; or whether he made any considerable progress in the +collection, and, if so, in whose hands the MSS. are? Such papers, if they +exist, would probably prove of too much importance to allow of their +remaining unpublished. + +IOTA. + +_Lady Deloraine._--The _Delia_ of Pope's line, + + "Slander or poison dread from _Delia's_ rage," + +is supposed to have been Lady Deloraine, who remarried W. Windam, Esq., of +Carsham, and died in Oct., 1744. The person said to have been poisoned was +a Miss Mackenzie. Are the grounds of this strange suspicion known? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Speke Family._--I shall be glad to ascertain the family name and the +armorial bearings of Alice, wife of Sir John Speke, father of Sir John +Speke, founder of the chapel of St. George in Exeter Cathedral. She is said +to have been maid of honour to Queen Catherine. + +J.D.S. + +_Pope's Villa._--In Pope's _Literary Correspondence_, published by Curll, +an engraving, is advertised of his (Pope's) Villa at Twickenham, engraved +by Rysbrach and published by Curll. Are any of your correspondents aware of +the existence of a copy, and the price at which it can be obtained? + +C. BATHURST W. + +_Armorial Bearings._--Among the numerous coats-armorial in the great east +window of the choir of Exeter Cathedral, there is one respecting which I am +at a loss. Argent a cross between four crescents gules. Can either of your +readers kindly afford the name? + +J.D.S. + +_Passage from Tennyson._--You have so many correspondents well versed in +lore and legend, that I am induced to beg through you for an explanation of +the allusion contained in the following passage of Tennyson:-- + + "Morn broaden'd on the borders of the dark, + Ere I saw her, who clasp'd in her last trance + Her murder'd father's head." + +It occurs in the _Dream of Fair Women_, st. 67. + +W.M.C. + +Cambridge. + +_Sauenap, Meaning of._--In the will of Jane Heryng, of Bury, 1419, occurs +this bequest:-- + + "To Alyson my dowter, xl s. and ij pottys of bras neste the beste, and + a peyr bedys of blak _get_, and a grene hod, and a red hod, and a gowne + of violet, and another of tanne, and a towayll of diaper werk, and a + _sauenap_; also a cloke and rownd table." + +What was the _sauenap_? + +BURIENSIS. + +_Hoods worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge._--Pray permit me to +inquire, through your agency, what is the proper lining of the scarlet +cloth hoods worn by doctors in the three faculties of the university of +Cambridge? The robe-makers of Cambridge have determined upon a pink or +rose-coloured silk for all; the London artists adopt a shot silk (light +blue and crimson) sometimes for all faculties, at others for Doctors in +Divinity only. On ancient monuments (there is one in Canterbury Cathedral) +I find that the hoods were lined with ermine; and this is the material of +those attached to the full-dress robes of doctors on the occasion of their +creation, and in the schools, and at congregations. I cannot find the +statutes bearing upon the subject. + +As the Oxford statutes have recently been published, the matter is not so +much in the dark,--black silk being the material prescribed for the lining +of hoods of Doctors in Divinity, and those of the doctors in the other +faculties being prescribed to be of _silk of any intermediate colour_, +which the Oxford doctors understand to mean a deep rose-colour. + +D.C.L. + +U. University Club, Dec. 4. 1850. + +_Euclid and Aristotle._--The ordinary chronologies place Aristotle as +nearly a century anterior to Euclid; but Professor De Morgan ("Eucleides," +in Dr. Smith's _Biographical Dictionary_) considers them as contemporary. +Any of your readers conversant with the subject will oblige me by saying +_which_ is right, and likewise _why_ so. + +GEOMETRICUS. + +_Ventriloquism. Fanningus the King's Whisperer._--To the Query respecting +Brandon the juggler (Vol. ii., p. 424.), I beg leave to add another +somewhat similar. Where is any information to be obtained of "The King's +Whisperer, [Greek: engastrimythos], nomine Fanningus, who resided at Oxford +in 1643?" + +T.J. + +{480} + +_Frances Lady Norton._--Can any of your readers give me an account of the +life of Frances Lady Norton, who wrote a work, entitled _The Applause of +Virtue, in Four Parts, consisting of Divine and Moral Essays towards the +obtaining of True Virtue_, 4to. 1705? It is a very delightful book, full of +patristic learning. I am aware she was the daughter of Ralph Freke, Esq., +of Hannington, and married Sir George Norton, Knt. of Abbot's Leigh, in the +county of Somerset. I wish to know what other books she wrote, if any, and +where her life may be found? Perhaps the Freke family could furnish an +account of this learned lady. The work I believe to be extremely scarce. + +RICHARD HOOPER. + +_Westminster Wedding._--Jeremy Collier says, in one of his _Essays_ (Part +iii. Essay viii.): + + "As for the business of friendship you mentioned, 'tis not to be had at + a _Westminster Wedding_." + +Being much interested in weddings in Westminster at the present day, I +should be much obliged to any of your readers who can throw any light on +the observation of the Essayist, as above cited. What other authors use the +term? + +R.H. + +_Stone's Diary._--Stone, the celebrated sculptor, left a valuable diary. +The MS. was in the possession of Vertue the engraver. Has it ever been +printed? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Dr. King's Poem of The Toast._--Where can I find a key to Dr. King's +_Heroic Poem_, called _The Toast?_ Isaac Reed's copy, with a _manuscript +key_, sold at his sale for 10l. 10s. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Anima Magis, &c._--To whom is this sentence to be ascribed-- + + "Anima magis est ubi amat + Quam ubi animat." + +TYRO-ETYMOLOGICUS. + +_The Adventures of Peter Wilkins._--Is the author of this delightful work +of fiction known? The first edition was published in 1751, but it does not +contain the dedication to Elizabeth, Countess of Northumberland, found in +later impressions. When was this dedication added? It is observable that in +all the editions I have seen, the initials R.P. are signed to the +dedication, while R.S. appears on the title-page. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Talmud, Translations of._--1. Have there been any English translations of +the Talmud, or any complete section of it? 2. What are the most esteemed +Continental and Latin translations? + +S.P.H.T. + +_Torn by Horses._--What is the last instance in the history of France of a +culprit being torn by horses? Jean Chatel, who attempted to assassinate +Henri Quatre, suffered thus in 1595. (Crowe's _France_, i. 364.) + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +_The Marks_ *, [obelus], [diesis], _&c._--What is the origin of the +asterisk, obelus, &c., used for references to notes? When were they first +used? What are their proper names? + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +Totteridge, Herts, Oct. 23. + +_Blackguard._--Walking once through South Wales, we found an old woman by +the roadside selling a drink she called _blackguard_. It was composed of +beer and gin, spiced with pepper, and well deserved its name. Is this a +common beverage in the principality? + +J.W.H. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY. + +I am much obliged to your correspondent LAICUS for his inquiry respecting +the proposed Society (Vol. ii., p. 464). Will you allow me to express to +him my confident hope, that the proposed plan, or some modification of it +by a committee (when one shall exist) may in due time be carried out. But +there seems to be no reason for haste; and in the formation of such body it +is desirable to have as many avowed supporters to select from as possible. +I do not think that the matter is much known yet, though I have to thank +you for a kind notice; and I need not tell some of your correspondents that +I have received very encouraging letters. But, in truth, as I did not +expect any profit, or desire any responsibility as to either money or +management, and only wished to lay before the public an idea which had +existed in my own mind for some years, and which had obtained the sanction +of some whom I thought competent judges; and as I had, moreover, published +pamphlets enough to know that a contribution of waste paper to any object +is often one of the most costly, I did not feel myself called on to go to +so much expense in advertising as I perhaps might have done if I had been +spending the money of a society instead of my own. I sent but few copies; +none, I believe, except to persons with whom I had some acquaintance, and +whom I thought likely to take more or less interest in the subject. + +I trust, however, that the matter is quietly and solidly growing; and from +communications which I have received, and resources on which I believe I +may reckon, I feel no doubt that if it were considered desirable, friends +and money enough to set such a society going might be immediately brought +forward. It is one advantage of the proposed plan, that it may be tried on +almost any scale. A society so constituted would NOT begin its existence +{481} with great promises of returns to subscribers, and heavy engagements +to printers, papermakers, and editors. Its only _necessary_ expenses would +be those of _management_; and if the society were very small, these +expenses would be so too. It is, indeed, hardly possible to imagine that +they should be such as not to leave something to be funded for future use, +if they did not furnish means for immediate display; but it seems better to +wait patiently until such real substantial support is guaranteed as may +prevent all apprehension on that score. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + + * * * * * + +DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. + +(Vol. ii., p. 442.) + +It is quite startling to be told that the title of "Defender of the Faith" +was used by any royal predecessor of Henry VIII. + +Selden (_Titles of Honour_, ed 1631, p. 54) says: + + "The beginning and ground of that attribute of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, + which hath been perpetually, in the later ages, added to the style of + the kings of England, (not only in the first person, but frequent also + in the second and in the third, as common use shows in the formality of + instruments of conveyance, leases and such like) is most certainly + known. It began in Henry the VIII. For he, in those awaking times, upon + the quarrel of the Romanists and Lutherans, wrote a volume against + Luther," &c. + +Selden then states the well-known occasion upon which this title was +conferred, and sets out the Bull of Leo X. (then extant in the Collection +of Sir Robert Cotton, and now in the British Museum), whereby the Pope, +"holding it just to distinguish those who have undertaken such pious +labours for defending the faith of Christ with every honour and +commendation," decrees that to the title of King the subjects of the royal +controversialist shall add the title "Fidei Defensori." The pontiff adds, +that a more worthy title could not be found. + +Your correspondent, COLONEL ANSTRUTHER, calls attention to the statement +made by Mr. Christopher Wren, Secretary of the Order of the Garter (A.D. +1736), in his letter to Francis Peck, on the authority of the Register of +the Order in his possession; which letter is quoted by Burke (_Dorm. and +Ext. Bar._, iv. 408.), that "King Henry VII. had the title Defender of the +Faith." It is not found in any acts or instruments of his reign that I am +acquainted with, nor in the proclamation on his interment, nor in any of +the epitaphs engraved on his magnificent tomb. (Sandford, _Geneal. Hist._) +Nor is it probable that Pope Leo X., in those days of diplomatic +intercourse with England, would have bestowed on Henry VIII., as a special +and personal distinction and reward, a title that had been used by his +royal predecessors. + +I am not aware that any such title is attributed to the sovereign in any of +the English records anterior to 1521; but that many English kings gloried +in professing their zeal to defend the Church and religion, appears from +many examples. Henry IV., in the second year of his reign, promises to +maintain and defend the Christian religion (_Rot. Parl._, iii. 466.); and +on his renewed promise, in the fourth year of his reign, to defend the +Christian faith, the Commons piously grant a subsidy (_Ibid._, 493.); and +Henry VI., in the twentieth year of his reign, acts as keeper of the +Christian faith. (_Rot. Parl._, v. 61.) + +In the admonition used in the investiture of a knight with the insignia of +the Garter, he is told to take the crimson robe, and being therewith +defended, to be bold to fight and shed his blood for Christ's faith, the +liberties of the Church, and the defence of the oppressed. In this sense, +the sovereign and every knight became a sworn defender of the faith. Can +this duty have come to be popularly attributed as part of the royal style +and title? + +The Bull of Leo X., which confers the title on Henry VIII. personally, does +not make it inheritable by his successors, so that none but that king +himself could claim the honour. The Bull granted two years afterwards by +Clement VII. merely confirms the grant of Pope Leo to the king himself. It +was given, as we know, for his assertion of doctrines of the Church of +Rome; yet he retained it after his separation from the Roman Catholic +communion, and after it had been formally revoked and withdrawn by Pope +Paul III. in the twenty-seventh year of Henry VIII., upon the king's +apostacy in turning suppressor of religious houses. In 1543, the +Reformation legislature and the Anti-papal king, without condescending to +notice any Papal Bulls, assumed to treat the title that the Pope had given +and taken away as a subject of Parliamentary gift, and annexed it for ever +to the English crown by the statute 35 Hen. VIII. c. 3., from which I make +the following extract, as its language bears upon the question: + + "Where our most dread, &c., lord the king, hath heretofore been, and is + justly, lawfully, and notoriously knowen, named, published, and + declared to be King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the + Faith, and the Church of England and also of Ireland, in earth supreme + head; and hath justly and lawfully used the title and name thereof as + to his Grace appertaineth. Be it enacted, &c., that all and singular + his Graces' subject, &c., shall from henceforth accept and take the + same his Majesty's style ... viz., in the English tongue by these + words, Henry the Eighth, by the grace of God King of England, France, + and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England, and + also of Ireland, in earth the supreme head; and that the said style, + &c., shall be, &c., united {482} and annexed for ever to the imperial + crown of his highness's realms of England." + +By the supposed authority of this statute, and notwithstanding the +revocation of the title by Pope Paul III., and its omission in the Bull +addressed by Pope Julius III. to Philip and Mary, that princess, before and +after her marriage, used this style, and the statute having, been +re-established by 1 Eliz. c. 1., the example has been followed by her royal +Protestant successors, who wished thereby to declare themselves Defenders +of the Anti-papal Church. The learned Bishop Gibson, in his _Codex_ (i. 33, +note), treats this title as having commenced in Henry VIII. So do Blount, +Cowel, and such like authorities. + +WM. SIDNEY GIBSON. + +Newcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 1850. + +P.S. Since writing the above, I have found (in the nineteenth volume of +_Archaeologia_, pp. 1-10.) an essay by Mr. Alex. Luders on this very +subject, in which that able writer, who was well accustomed to examine +historical records, refers to many examples in which the title "Most +Christian King" was attributed to, or used by English sovereigns, as well +as the kings of France; and to the fact, that this style was used by Henry +VII., as appears from his contract with the Abbot of Westminster (Harl. MS. +1498.). Selden tells us that the emperors had from early times been styled +"Defensores Ecclesiae;" and from the instances cited by Mr. Luders, it +appears that the title of "Most Christian" was appropriated to kings of +France from a very ancient period; that Pepin received it (A.D. 755) from +the Pope, and Charles the Bald (A.D. 859) from a Council: and Charles VI. +refers to ancient usage for this title, and makes use of these words: + + "--nostrorum progenitorum imitatione--evangelicae + veritatis--DEFENSORES--nostra regia dignitas divino Christianae + religionis titulo gloriosius insignitur--." + +Mr. Luders refers to the use of the words "Nos zelo _fidei catholicae_, +cujus sumus et erimus Deo dante _Defensores_, salubriter commoti" in the +charter of Richard II. to the Chancellor of Oxford, in the nineteenth year +of his reign, as the earliest introduction of such phrases into acts of the +kings of England that he had met with. This zeal was for the condemnation +of Wycliff's _Trialogus_. In the reign of Hen. IV. the writ "De Haeretico +comburendo" had the words "Zelator justitia et fidei catholicae cultor;" and +the title of "Tres Chretien" occurs in several instruments of Hen. VI. and +Edw. IV. It appears very probable that this usage was the foundation of the +statement made by Chamberlayne and by Mr. Christopher Wren: but that the +title of Defender of the Faith was used as part of the royal style before +1521, is, I believe, quite untrue. + +W.S.G. + + * * * * * + +MEANING OF JEZEBEL. + +(Vol. ii., p. 357.) + +There appear to be two serious objections to the idea of your correspondent +W.G.H. respecting the appearance of _Baal_ in this word: 1. The original +orthography ([Hebrew: 'iyzebel]); whereas the name of the deity is found on +all Phoenician monuments, where it enters largely into the composition of +proper names, written [Hebrew: b`l]: and, 2. The fact of female names being +generally on these same monuments (as tombstones and so forth) compounded +of the name of a _goddess_, specially Astarth ([Hebrew: 'atiorit] or +[Hebrew: `a]). I do not know that we have any example of a female name into +which _Baal_ enters. + +The derivation of the word appears to be that given by Gesenius (s.v.); +that it is compounded of the root [Hebrew: zabal] (habitavit, cohabitavit) +and the negative [Hebrew: 'eiyn], and that its meaning is the same as +[Greek: alochos], casta: comp. _Agnes_. _Isabel_, in fact, would be a name +nearer the original than the form in which we have it. + +SC. + +Carmarthen, Oct. 29. 1850. + +_Jezebel._--W.G.H. has been misled by the ending _bel_. The Phoenician god +_Bel_ or _Baal_ has nothing to do with this name,--the component words +being _Je-zebel_, not _Jeze-bel_. Of the various explanations given, that +of Gesenius (_Heb. Lex._, s. voc.) appears, as usual, the simplest and most +rational. The name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] (Jezebel) he derives from [Hebrew: +'iy] (_i_) "not" (comp. I-chabod, "In-glorious") and [Hebrew: zabal] +(zabal), "to dwell, cohabit with." + +The name will then mean "without cohabitation," _i.e._ [Greek: alochos] +(Plat. _Theaet._) "chaste, modest." Comp. _Agnes_, _Katherine_, &c. + +Less satisfactory explanations may be found in Calmet's _Dictionary_, and +the _Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature_, edited by Dr. Kitlo. + +R.T.H.G. + +_Jezebel._--The Hebrew spelling [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] presents so much +difficulty, that I fear such a derivation as W.G.H. wishes to obtain for +the name is not practicable by any known etymology. Nothing that I am aware +of, either in Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic, will help us. The nearest verb +that I can find is the Chaldee [Hebrew: 'aza'], signifying, "to light a +fire," parts of which occur two or three times in Dan. iii.; but I fear it +would be too daring a conjecture to interpret the name _quem Belus +accendit_ on the strength of that verb's existence. At present I feel +myself obliged to take the advice of Winer, in his _Lexicon_, "Satius est +ignorantiam fateri quam argutari." + +"Nominis origo (he says) non liquet. Sunt qui interpretentur _non stercus_, +Coll. 2 Reg. ix. 27., inepte. {483} Simonis in Onom. dictum putat Ino +[Hebrew: n'iy zebel], _mansio habitationis_ (habitatio tectissima); +Gesenius _cui nemo concubuit_, Coll. [Hebrew: zbl], Gen. xxx. 20. Sed +satius," &c. + +Admitting that Hasdrubal is, in fact [Hebrew: `azrw beil], _Bel (was) his +helper_, we cannot possibly connect [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] with it. + +[Hebrew: b]. + +L---- Rectory, Somerset. + +_Jezebel._--Your correspondent W.G.H. believes this word to be derivable +from _Baal_. That the Phoenician word [Hebrew: ba`al] (Lord) makes a +component part of many Syrian names is well-known: but I do not think the +contracted form [Hebrew: beil], which was used by the Babylonians, is ever +found in any Syrian names. If we suppose the name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] to be +derived from [Hebrew: beil] or [Hebrew: ba`al], we must find a meaning for +the previous letters. Gesenius derives the name from [Hebrew: 'y], the +negative particle, [Hebrew: zbl], and gives it the sense of "innuba", +_i.e._ "pure," comparing it, as a female name, with the Christian Agnes. +There is but one passage, however, in Scripture which supports this +secondary sense of [Hebrew: zbl] properly, "to be round," or, "to make +round," and then "to dwell;" from whence [Hebrew: zbwl], "a dwelling or +habitation:" also [Hebrew: zbwlwn], "dwellings," the name which Leah gives +to her sixth son, because she hopes that thenceforward her husband [Hebrew: +yizbleiwiy], "will dwell with me." (Gen. xxx. 20.) Gesenius considers this +equivalent with "cohabit;" and from this single passage draws the sense +which he assigns to [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] This seems rather far-fetched. I am, +however, still inclined to give the sense of "pure, unpolluted," to +[Hebrew: 'iyzebel], but on different grounds. + +[Hebrew: zebel] has another sense, [Greek: kopros], particularly of camels, +from the round form; and the word was common, in the later Hebrew, in that +sense. Hence the evil spirit is called [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwl], a contemptuous +name, instead of [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwb] = [Greek: Beelzeboul] instead of +[Greek: Beelzeboub] (Matt. xii. 24.). + +The negative of this word [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] might, without any great +forcing of the literal sense, imply "the undefiled," [Greek: Amiautos]; and +this conjecture is supported by comparing 2 Kings, ix. 37. with the same +verse in the _Targum_ of Jonathan. They are as follows: (Heb.): + + [Hebrew: wihayta niblat 'iyzebel krmen `al-pneiy hasreh] + +In the _Targum_ thus: + + [Hebrew: wtiheiy nibeiylta' r'iyzebel kzebel mbarar `al 'apeiy taqla':] + +It is quite clear that the Targumists intended here a strong allusion to +the _original_ meaning of Jezebel's name; viz. that she who was named "the +undefiled" should become as "defilement." I am not sure whether a +disquisition of this kind may be considered irrelevant to your work; but as +the idea seems not an improbable one to some whose judgment I value, I +venture to send it. + +E.C.H. + + * * * * * + +SOCINIAN BOAST. + +(Vol. ii., p. 375.). + +One of your correspondents, referring to the lines lately quoted by Dr. +Pusey-- + + "Tota jacet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Calvinus muros, sed fundamenta Socinus." + +inquires "by what Socinian writer" are these two hexameter verses used ? + +In reply, I beg to remark that by "Socinian" is, I suppose, meant +"Unitarian," for even the immediate converts of Socinus refused to be +called Socinians, alleging that their belief was founded on the teaching of +Jesus Christ; and modern Unitarians, disowning all human authority in +religious matters, cannot take to themselves the name of Socinus. + +The distich, however, appears to have been in use among the Polish +Unitarians shortly after the death of Faustus Socinus, as respectfully +expressive of the exact effect which they conceived that he had produced in +the religious world. Mr. Wallace, in his _Antitrinitarian Biography_, vol. +iii. p. 323., states that it is "the epitaph said to have been inscribed on +the tomb of Faustus Socinus." Mr. Wallace's authority for this assertion I +have not been able to discover. Bock (_Hist. Antitrinitariorum_, vol. iii. +p. 725.), whom Mr. Wallace generally follows, observes that the adherents +of Faustus Socinus were accustomed to use these lines "respecting his +decease," (qui de ejus obitu canere soliti sunt). This would seem to imply +that the lines were composed not long after the death of Faustus Socinus. +Probably they formed originally a part of poem written as a eulogy on him +by some minister of the Unitarian church. The case would not be without a +parallel. + +Three versions of the distich are before me; that cited by Dr. Pusey, and +the two which follow:-- + + "Alta ruit Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus." + Fock, _Socinianismus_, vol. i. p. 180. + + "Tota ruet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus." + Bock, _ut supra_. + +Which is the original? Bock's reading has the preference in my mind, +because he is known to have founded his history on the results of his own +personal investigations among the manuscripts as {484} well as the printed +documents of the Polish Unitarian Churches. Besides, if, as there is reason +to believe, the lines were composed shortly after the death of F. Socinus, +_ruet_ (_will_ fall) would now correctly describe what, at so small a +distance from the days of Luther and Calvin, may be supposed to have been +the feeling among the Polish Unitarians; whereas Dr. Pusey's _jacet_ (lies +low, in the _present_ tense) does as certainly partake somewhat of the +grandiloquent. That no "boast," however, was intended, becomes probable, +when we consider that the distich was designed to convey a feeling of +reverence towards Socinus rather than an insult to Rome. + +JOHN R. BEARD. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_The Koenigs-stuhl at Rheuze_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--DR. BELL, who inquires +for an engraving of the old _Koenigs_ or _Kaisers-stuhl_, at Rheuze, is +referrred to the _History of Germany, on the Plan of Mrs. Markham's +Histories_, published by Murray, where, on the 188th page, he will find a +very neat woodcut of this building, which we are told was destroyed in +1807, and rebuilt after the original model in 1843. It is of an octagon +form, supported by pillars, with seven stone seats round the sides for the +electors, and one in the centre for the emperor. + +M.H.G. + + [The woodcuts of this work deserve especial commendation, being + accurate representations of objects of historical interest, instead of + the imaginative illustrations too often introduced into works which + claim to represent the truth of history. Many of the engravings, such + as that of the _room in which the Council of Constance was held_, and + the _Cages of the Anabaptists_ attached to the tower of _St. Lambert's + Church, Munster_, are, we have understood, copied from original + sketches placed at Mr. Murray's disposal for the purpose of being used + in the work in question.] + +_Mrs. Tempest_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--This lady was one of the two daughters +of Henry Tempest, Esq., of Newton Grange, Yorkshire (son of Sir John +Tempest of Tong Hall, who was created a baronet in 1664), by his wife +Alathea, daughter of Sir Henry Thompson of Marston, co. York. She died +unmarried in 1703. As the Daphne of Pope's pastoral "Winter," inscribed to +her memory, she is celebrated in terms which scarcely bear out the remark +of your correspondent, that the poet "has no special allusion to her." + +J.T. HAMMACK. + +_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--In reply to M.'s +Query, I beg to inform him, that to find a calendar of _both_ the above +churches, he need seek no further than the _Almanach de Gotha_ for the year +1851. He will there find what he wants, on authority no doubt sufficient. + +D.C. + +_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440).--I do not agree with L. in thinking that +the modern notion, that this word means "a forcible method of acquisition," +is an erroneous one; but have no doubt that, whatever its original +derivation may be, it was used in that sense. If William I. never pretended +"to annex the idea of victory to conquisition," it is certain that his son +William II. did: for we find a charter of his in the _Monasticon_ (ed. +1846), vol. vi. p. 992., confirming a grant of the church of St. Mary of +Andover to the abbey of St. Florence, at Salmur, in Anjou, in which there +is the following recital: + + "Noscant qui sunt et qui futuri sunt, quod Willielmus + rex, qui _armis Anglicam terram sibi subjugavit_, + dedit." &c. + +If this charter was granted by William I., under whom Dugdale has placed it +in his _Chronica Series_, p. 1., _nomine Baldric_, the argument is so much +the stronger; but I have endeavored to prove by internal evidence (_Judges +of England_, vol. i. p. 67.) that it is a charter of William II. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Thruscross_ (Vol. ii., p. 441.).--In a sermon preached at the funeral of +Lady Margaret Mainard, at Little Easton, in Essex, June 30, 1682, by Bishop +Ken, he says: + + "The silenced, and plundered, and persecuted clergy she thought worthy + of double honour, did vow a certain sum yearly out of her income, which + she laid aside, only to succour them. The congregations where she then + communicated, were those of the Reverend and pious Dr. Thruscross and + Dr. Mossom, both now in heaven, and that of the then Mr. Gunning, the + now most worthy Bishop of Ely, for whom she ever after had a peculiar + veneration." + + "My last son Izaak, borne the 7th of September, 1651, at halfe an houre + after two o'clock in the afternoone, being Sunday, and he was baptized + that evening by Mr. Thruscross, in my house in Clerkenwell. Mr. Henry + Davison and my brother Beacham were his godfathers, and Mrs. Roe his + godmother."--_Izaak Walton's Entry in his Prayer Book._ + +Peckhard, in his _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, p. 213., quotes Barwick's Life, +Oley, Thruscross, and Thorndike. + +W.P. + +_Osnaburgh Bishopric_ (Vol. ii., pp. 358. 447.).--The succession to this +bishopric was regulated by the Treaty of Westphalia, in 1648. By virtue of +that treaty the see of Osnaburgh is alternately possessed by a Romish and a +Protestant prince; and when it comes to the turn of a Protestant, it is to +be given to a younger son of the house of Hanover. The _Almanach de Gotha_ +will most probably supply the information who succeeded the late Duke of +York. Looking at the names of the titular bishops of Osnaburgh, it may be +inferred that the duties attached to the see are confined to its +temporalities. + +J.T. HAMMACK. + +{485} _Nicholas Ferrar_ (Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407. 444.).--The libellous +pamphlet, entitled _The Arminian Nunnery at Little Gidding_, is printed +entire in the Appendix to Hearne's Preface to Langtoft. One of the +Harmonies of the Life of Christ is in the British Museum, and another at +St. John's College, Oxford (Qy.) (See the list of MSS. once at Gidding, +Peckhard, p. 306.) N. Ferrar published and wrote the preface to Herbert's +_Temple_, 1633,--and translated Valdesso's _Divine Considerations_, Camb. +1646. + +W.P. + +_Butchers' Blue Dress_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--A blue dress does not show +stains of blood, inasmuch as blood, when dry, becomes of a blue colour. I +have always understood this to be the explanation of this custom. + +X.Z. + +_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--This portrait is +engraved in Strutt's _Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities_. + +J.I.D. + + [And we may add, in the edition of Tyrwhitt's _Canterbury Tales_, + published by Pickering--ED.] + +_Chaucer's Portrait_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--His portrait, from Occleve's +poem, has been engraved in octavo and folio by Vertue. Another, from the +Harleian MS., engraved by Worthington, is in Pickering's edition of +Tyrwhitt's _Chaucer_. Occleve's poem has not been printed; but see Ritson's +_Biblioth. Poetica_, and Warton's _H.E.P._ A full-length portrait of +Chaucer is given in Shaw's _Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages_; +another, on horseback, in Todd's _Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer_. + +W.P. + +_Lady Jane of Westmoreland_ (Vol. i., p. 103.).--I think your correspondent +Q.D. is wrong in his supposition that the two following entries in Mr. +Collier's second volume of _Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' +Company_ refer to a composition by Lady Jane of Westmoreland:-- + + "1585-6. Cold and uncoth blowes, of the Lady Jane of Westmorland. + + 1586-7. A songe of Lady Jane of Westmorland." + +My idea is, that the ballad (for Mr. Collier thinks that both entries +relate to one production) was merely one of those metrical ditties sung +about the streets of London depicting the woes and sufferings of some +unfortunate lady. The question is, who was this "unfortunate lady?" She was +the wife of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted about the year +1570, and died in Flanders anno 1584. I learn this from a MS. of the +period, now before me, entitled _Some Account of the Sufferinges of the +Ladye Jane of Westmorlande, who dyed in Exile. By T.C._ Perhaps at some +future time I may trouble your readers with an account of this highly +interesting MS. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Gray and Dodsley._--As the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has repeated his Queries on +Gray and Dodsley, I must make a second attempt to answer them with due +precision, assured that no man is more disposed than himself to communicate +information for the satisfaction of others. + +1. _Gray_: In the first edition of the _Elegy_ the epithet in question is +_droning_; and so it stands in the _Poems of Gray_, as edited by himself, +in 1753, 1768, &c. + +2. _Dodsley_: The first edition of the important poetical miscellany which +bears his name was published in 1748, in three volumes, 12mo. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The New Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and History_, may be +considered as the third in that important series of Classical Dictionaries +for which the world is indebted to the learning of Dr. Smith. As the +present work is distinguished by the same excellencies which have won for +the _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, and the _Dictionary of +Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_, the widely-spread reputation they +enjoy, we shall content ourselves with a few words explanatory of the +arrangement of a work which, it requires no great gift of prophecy to +foretell, must ere long push Lempriere from its stool. The present +Dictionary may be divided into three portions. The Biographical, which +includes all the historical names of importance which occur in the Greek +and Roman writers, from the earliest times down to the extinction of the +Western Empire; those of all Greek and Roman writers, whose works are +either extant or known to have exercised an influence upon their respective +literatures; and, lastly, those of all the more important artists of +antiquity. In the Mythological division may be noticed first, the +discrimination, hitherto not sufficiently attended to, between the Greek +and Roman mythology, and which in this volume is shown by giving an account +of the Greek divinities under their Greek names, and the Roman divinities +under their Latin names; and, secondly, what is of still more consequence, +the care to avoid as far as possible all indelicate allusions in the +respective histories of such divinities. Lastly, in the Geographical +portion of the work, and which will probably be found the most important +one, very few omissions will be discovered of names occurring in the chief +classical writers. This brief sketch of the contents of this _New Classical +Dictionary_ will satisfy our readers that Dr. Smith has produced a volume, +not only of immense value to those who are entering upon their classical +studies, but one which will be found a most useful handbook to the scholar +and the more advanced student. + +_The Greek Church, A Sketch_, is the last of the Shilling Series in which +Mr. Appleyard has described {486} the different sections of Christendom, +with a view to their ultimate reunion. Like its predecessors, the volume is +amiable and interesting, but being historical rather than doctrinal, is +scarcely calculated to give the uninformed reader a very precise view of +the creed of the Greek Church. It may serve, however, to assure us that the +acrimony of religious discussion and the mutual jealousy of Church and +State, which disquiets so many minds at present, was more than matched in +the days of Constantine and Athanasius. + +The last part of the _Transactions of the Academy of Sciences_ of Berlin +contains two papers by Jacob Grimm, which will doubtless be perused with +great interest in this country. The one on the ancient practice of burning +the bodies of the dead (_Ueber das Verbrennen der Leichen_) will be of +especial interest to English antiquaries; but the other, from its connexion +with the great educational questions which now occupy so much of public +attention, will probably be yet more attractive. It is entitled, _Ueber +Schuele Universitaet Academie_. Separate copies of these Essays may be +procured from Messrs. Williams and Norgate. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (Wellington Street, Strand) will sell on +Monday next and two following days the valuable Dramatic and Miscellaneous +Library of the late John Fullarton, Esq., which contains an extensive +collection of the early editions of the Old English Dramatists. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle +Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 21. for 1850, of Antiquarian, +Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; William Heath's +(291/2, Lincoln Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 6. for 1850, of Valuable +Second-hand Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List of very Cheap Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +LAW'S LETTERS TO BISHOP HOADLEY. + +MILLES, REV. ISAAC, ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND CONVERSATION OF, 1721. + +BRAY, REV. T., PUBLIC SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIFE AND DESIGNS OF, 8vo. +1746. + +HUET'S COMMERCE OF THE ANCIENTS, 1717. + +VINCE'S ASTRONOMY, 3 Vols. 1808. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +JEEDEE. _Notwithstanding Dr. Parr's assertion to the contrary, the _MALLEUS +MALEFICARUM_ is by no means an uncommon book, as may be seen by a reference +to Gruesse _(Bibliotheca Magica, p. 32.)_, where upwards of a dozen editions +are enumerated, and a table of its contents may be seen. The work has been +very fully analysed in the second volume of Horst's Daemonomagie, and, if we +remember rightly, its history is told by Soldan in his _Gesch. der +Hexenprocesse. + +R.H. (Trin. Coll. Dub.) _will see that it is impossible to adopt his kind +suggestion without spoiling the uniformity of the work. We have a bound +copy of our First Volume now before us, and can assure him that, although +the margin is necessarily narrow the book has not been spoilt by the +binder._ + +J.S. Nortor _or _Nawter_ is only the provincial mode of pronouncing +_neatherd_. The _Nolt_ market is the ancient name of a street in +Newcastle--the cattle-market. See Brockett's _Gloss. of North Country +Words_, s.v. _NOWT_ or _NOLT. + +A.H. (Stoke Newington). "Limbeck" _is used by Shakspeare for _"Alembic;"_ +and in the passage in Macbeth_,-- + + "That memory, the warder of the brain, + Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason + A limbeck only." + +Receipt _is used in the sense of _receptacle_; and (we quote from one of +the commentators)_, "The _limbeck_ is the vessel through which distilled +liquors pass into the recipients. So shall it be with memory, through which +every thing shall pass, and nothing remain." + +DJEDALEME TEBEYR. _Some of our correspondent's articles would, we have no +doubt, have appeared ere this, but for the difficulty of deciphering his +handwriting. Our correspondents little know how greatly they would +facilitate our labours by writing more legibly._ + +_Errata._--P. 406, col. 2. l. 45, for "vingto" read "MSto;" l. 48, for +"indefe_n_sus" read "indefe_s_sus." P. 469, col. 1. lines 44, 50, and 53, +for "Litt_ers_" read "Litt_us_." + +In the advertisement of Mr. Appleyard's _Greek Church_, in our last Number, +p. 471, for "Darling, Great _Cullen_ Street," read "Darling, Great _Queen_ +Street." + + * * * * * + + +Labitzky's quadrille of all nations, dedicated by special permission to +H.R.H. Prince Albert, performed Eighteen consecutive Nights at the GRAND +NATIONAL CONCERTS, and invariably encored twice or three times nightly +_[some words illegible]_ 4s.; Piano Duet, 6s., Orchestra, 8s. On Order of +all good Music-sellers, and of the Publishers, MESSRS. R. COCKS AND CO., +New Burlington Street, London, Publishers to Her Most Gracious Majesty. + +N.B.--Just published, COCKS'S MUSICAL MISCELLANY, for October, November, +and December. 2d. each; stamped 3d. each. + + * * * * * + +DR. WORDSWORTH'S TREATISE ON THE CHURCH, SIXTH EDITION. + +In crown 8vo., price 8s. 6d., the Sixth Edition of THEOPHILUS ANGLICANUS; +or, Instruction concerning the CHURCH, and the Anglican Branch of it. For +the Use of Schools, Colleges, and Candidates for Holy Orders. By CHR. +WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster. + +RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; Of whom may be had, + +1. ELEMENTS OF INSTRUCTION CONCERNING THE CHURCH. By the SAME AUTHOR. 3s. +6d. + +2. CATECHESIS; or, Christian Instruction preparatory to CONFIRMATION, and +FIRST COMMUNION. By the Rev. CHARLES WORDSWORTH, M.A. 5s. 6d. + + * * * * * + +Foreign books gratis and post free.--A CATALOGUE of very Cheap Second-hand +FOREIGN BOOKS, in all European Languages, has just been issued by FRANZ +THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, (German Circulating Library), 88. New Bond +Street. The Catalogue will be forwarded to those who will favour MR. THIMM +with their addresses. + + * * * * * + +{487} NOW READY, + +CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART-WORKMANSHIP, IN GOLD, SILVER, STEEL, BRONZE, IVORY, +WOOD, GLASS, LEATHER, EARTHENWARE, &c. + +UPWARDS OF SIXTY EXAMPLES SELECTED FROM THE EXHIBITION OF ANCIENT AND +MEDIAEVAL ART AT THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, DRAWN AND ENGRAVED UNDER THE +SUPERINTENDENCE OF PHILIP DE LA MOTTE. + +Elegantly Bound in Cloth, with Gilt Bosses, in fac-simile of an Ancient +Venetian Binding. + + Imperial Octavo, bound in cloth with bosses ... 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Wellington Street, Strand, on FRIDAY, December 20, 1850, and +following day, at One o'clock precisely, the VALUABLE LIBRARY of the late +JAMES BROWN, Esq., for many years a Clerk in the General Post Office, +comprising Comte Lamberg, Collection des Vases Grecs, expliquee et publiee +par La Borde, 2 vols., a beautiful and interesting work; La Borde, Voyage +Pittoresque en Autriche, 3 vols., plates finely coloured; La Borde, +Descripcion de un Pavimento de Mosayco, with coloured plates; the Fine +Picturesque Works of Coney, Neale, Haghe, Lawis, Mueller, Nash, and Wilkie, +all fine and picked sets, complete; an Interesting Collection of +Illustrious and Noble Foreigners, arranged in 5 vols.; Genealogical +Illustrations of the Ancient Family of Gruee, a splendid Heraldic +Manuscript, written by P. Absalom, Esq.; Dugdale, History of St. Paul's, +fine copy, illustrated with extra portraits; Illustrations of the Noble +family of Howard, finely emblazoned by P. Absalom, illustrated with upwards +of seventy scarce portraits of the family; Lysons, Magna Britannia, 8 vols. +in 9; Equestrian Portraits of the Family of Nassau and Orange, the Fine +Work on Early German Stained Glass, published by Weale; Chalmers, General +Biographical Dictionary, 32 vols. half russia; Lodge, Portraits of +Illustrious Persons, 12 vols.; Neale. Views of the Seats in Great Britain; +Sir W. Scott, Novels and Tales, 25 vols., fine copy, in calf, marbled +leaves; Shaw, General Zoology, coloured plates, 30 vols. + +To be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on +receipt of Six Postage Stamps. + + * * * * * + +MR. DOYLE'S CHRISTMAS BOOK. + +THE STORY OF JACK AND THE GIANTS. + +With Forty Illustrations by RICHARD DOYLE. Engraved by G. and E. DALZIEL. +Small 4to., price 2s. 6d. ornamental wrapper; 3s. 6d. cloth; coloured, gilt +edges, 6s. + +CUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. 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Reprinted +from _The Times_, with an Advertisement on the subject of the WESTMINSTER +SPIRITUAL AID FUND, and more especially on the Duty and Justice of applying +the Revenues of the suspended Stalls of the Abbey for the adequate +Endowment of the District Churches in the immediate neighbourhood. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; MESSRS. RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's +Church-yard, and Waterloo Place; and THOMAS HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly; and +_by Order_ of all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + +CHOICE COLLECTION OF AUTOGRAPHS OF THE LATE S. GEORGE CHRISTISON, +ESQ.--THREE DAYS' SALE. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioners of Literary Property, will Sell by Auction +at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Thursday, Dec. 19, and two +following days, the very choice Collection of Autograph Letters of the late +S. 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