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diff --git a/15427.txt b/15427.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5a56ac --- /dev/null +++ b/15427.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2253 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +{473} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 59.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + The First Paper-mill in England, by Dr. E.F. Rimbault 473 + Specimens of Foreign English 474 + Folk Lore:--May-dew--Piskies--The Dun Cow-- + Lady Godiva--"Can du plera meleor cera" 474 + Minor Notes--Circulation of the Blood--Origin of + the Word "Culprit"--Collar of SS.--The Singing of + Swans--Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs--Portraits + of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan--Sonnet: Attempting + to prove that Black is White--Nicholas + Bretons Fantasticks 475 + + QUERIES:-- + The Wise Men of Gotham 476 + Herstmonceux Castle 477 + Minor Queries:--Yorkshire Ballads--Ringing a Hand-bell + before a Corpse--Church of St. Savior, Canterbury-- + Mock Beggar's Hall--Beatrix Lady Talbot-- + English Prize Essays--Rev. Joseph Blanco White-- + History of the Inquisition--Lady Deloraine--Speke + Family--Pope's Villa--Armorial Bearings--Passage + From Tennyson--Meaning of "Sauenap"--Hoods + worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge-- + Euclid and Aristotle--Ventriloquism--Fanningus, + the King's Whisperer--Frances Lady Norton-- + Westminster Wedding--Stone's Diary--Dr. King's + poem of "The Toast"--"Anima Magis" etc.--The + Adventures of Peter Wilkins--Translations of the + Talmud--Torn by Horses--The Marks *, [obelus], &c. + --Blackguard 478 + + REPLIES:-- + Church History Society, by S.R. Maitland 480 + Defender of the Faith, by W.S. Gibson 481 + Meaning of Jezebel 482 + Socinian Boast, by J.R. Beard 483 + Replies to Minor Queries:--The Koenig stuhl at Rheuze + --Mrs. Tempest--Calendar of Sundays in Greek and + Romish Churches--The Conquest--Thruscross-- + Osnaburgh Bishopric--Nicholas Ferrar--Butcher's + Blue Dress--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve--Lady + Jane of Westmoreland--Gray and Dodsley 484 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 485 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 486 + Notices to Correspondents 486 + Advertisements 486 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +THE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND. + +In the year 1588, a paper-mill was established at Dartford, in Kent, by +John Spilman, "jeweller to the Queen." The particulars of this mill are +recorded in a poem by Thomas Churchyard, published shortly after its +foundation, under the following title:-- + +"A description and playne discourse of paper, and the whole benefits that +paper brings, with rehearsall, and setting foorth in verse a paper-myll +built near Darthforth, by an high Germaine, called Master Spilman, jeweller +to the Queene's Majyestie." + +The writer says: + + "(Then) he that made for us a paper-mill, + Is worthy well of love and worldes good will, + And though his name be _Spill-man_, by degree, + Yet _Help_-man now, he shall be called by mee. + Six hundred men are set at work by him, + That else might starve, or seeke abroade their bread; + Who now live well, and go full brave and trim, + And who may boast _they_ are with paper fed." + +In another part of the poem Churchyard adds: + + "An high Germaine he is, as may be proovde, + In Lyndoam Bodenze, borne and bred, + And for this mille, may heere be truly lovde, + And praysed, too, for deep device of head." + +It is a common idea that this was the first paper-mill erected in England; +and we find an intelligent modern writer, Mr. J.S. Burn, in his _History of +the Foreign Refugees_, repeating the same erroneous statement. At page 262, +of his curious and interesting work be says: + + "The county of Kent has been long famed for its manufacture of paper. + It was at Dartford, in this county, that paper was _first made_ in + England." + +But it is proved beyond all possibility of doubt that a paper-mill existed +in England almost a century before the date of the establishment at +Dartford. In Henry VII.'s _Household Book_, we have the following:-- + + "1498. For a rewarde geven at the pulper-mylne, 16s. 8d." + +Again:-- + + "1499. Geven in rewarde to Tate of the Mylne, 6s. 8d." + +And in _Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum_, printed by Wynkyn de Worde +in 1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of +Hertford, belonging to JOHN TATE the younger, which was undoubtedly the +"mylne" visited by Henry VII. + +The water-mark used by John Tate was an eight-pointed star within a double +circle. In the {474} twelfth volume of the _Archaeeologia_, p. 114., is a +variety of fac-similes of water-marks used by our early paper makers, +exhibited in five large plates, but is not a little singular that the mark +of John Tate is omitted. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +SPECIMENS OF FOREIGN ENGLISH. + +The accompanying specimens of foreign English you may perhaps consider +worth a corner among the minor curiosities of literature:-- + +_Basle._-- + + "Bains ordinaires et artificiels, tenu par B. Sigemund, Dr. in + medicine, Basle. In this new erected establishment, which the Owner + recommends best to all foreigners are to have,--Ordinary and artful + baths, russia and sulphury bagnios, pumpings, artful mineral waters, + gauze lemonads, fournished apartments for patients." + +_Cologne._ Title-page in lithograph. + + "_Remembrance on the Cathedral of Cologne._--A collection of his most + remarkable monumens, so as of the most artful ornamous and precious + hilts of his renaconed tresory. Draconed and lithographed by Gerhardt + Levy Elkan and Hallersch, collected by Gerhd. Emans." + +_Augsburg_, Drei Mohren Hotel. Entry in travellers' book. + + "January 28. 1815.--His Grace Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, &c. + &c. &c. Great honour arrived at the beginning of this year to the three + Moors: this illustrious warrior, whose glorious atchievements, which, + cradled in Asia, have filled Europe with his renown, descended in it." + +_Mount Etna._ Printed notice found attached to the wall of one of the rooms +in the Casa degl' Inglesi, Mount Etna, October, 1844: + + "In consequence of the damage suffered in the house called English set + on the Etna for the reprehensible conduct of some persons there + recovered, the following provisional regulations are prescribed, + authorized, and granted to M. Gemmellaro[1], who has the key of the + mentioned house for his labour, honour, and money spent to finish such + edifice, besides his kind reception for travellers curious to visit the + mountain. + + I. Any person desirous to get the key of the house is requested to + apply to M.G., and in case of his absence, to ... signing his name, + title, and country, in the same time tell the guide's and muleteer's + name, just to drive away those have been so rough to spoil the + moveables and destroy the stables ... are the men to be particularly + remarked. + + II. Nobody is admitted without a certificate of M.G., which will assure + to have received his name, &c. &c., except those are known by the + fore-going strangers. + + III. According to the afore-mentioned articles, nobody will take the + liberty to go in the house and force the lock of the door: he will + really suffer the most severe punishment fixed against violence. + + IV. Is not permitted to any body to put mules in the rooms destined for + the use of people, notwithstanding the insufficiency of stables. It is + forbidden likewise to dirtes the walls with pencil or coal. M.G. will + procure a blank book for those learned people curious to write their + observations. A particular care must be taken for the moveables settled + in the house. + + V. The house must be left clean and without fire, to avoid + conflagration; it is forbidden to leave rooms or windows opened, as the + house has been lately damaged by the winds, snow, sand, &c. &c.; the + aforementioned A.D., M.N. are imputed of negligence and malice: persons + neglecting to execute the above article will be severely punished, and + are obliged to pay damages and expences. + + VI. As soon as the traveller returns at Nicolosi, either to S. Nicolo + l'Arena, will immediately deliver the key to M.G., as it commonly + happens that foreigners are waiting for it. A certificate must be + likewise delivered, declaring that the afore-mentioned regulations have + been exactly executed. It is likewise proper and just to reward M. Gem. + for the expense of moveables, money, &c, &c., and for the advantage + travellers may get to examine the Volcan, for better than Empedocli, + Amodei, Fazelli, Brydon, Spallanzani, and great many others. M. Gemm. + has lately been authorized to deny the key whenever is unkindly + requested. He is also absolutely obliged to inform the gen. of the + army, who is determined to punish with rigour their insolence." + +_Mount Sinai._--(On the fly-leaf of the travellers' book.) + + "Here in too were inscribed as in one legend, all whose in the rule of + the year come from different parts, different cities and countries, + pilgrims and travellers of any different rank and religion or + profession, for advise and notice thereof to their posterity, and even + also in owr own of memory acknowledging. 1845, Mount Sinai." + +VIATOR. + +[Footnote 1: The name of this gentleman will be recognised by some of the +readers of NOTES AND QUERIES as that of a most indefatigable explorer of +the wonders of the mountain, and the author, in the _Transactions of the +Catanian Academy_., of excellent descriptions of its recent eruptions.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_May-dew._--Every one has heard of the virtues of "May-dew," but perhaps +the complex superstition following may be less generally known. A +respectable tradesman's wife in this town (Launceston) tells me that the +poor people here say that a swelling in the neck may be cured by the +patient's going _before sunrise_, on the 1st of May, to the grave of the +last young man who has been buried in the church-yard, and applying the +dew, gathered by passing the hand _three times_ from the {475} head to the +foot of the grave, to the part affected by the ailment.[2] This was told me +yesterday in reply to a question, whether the custom of gathering "May-dew" +is still prevailing here. I may as well add, that the common notion of +improving the complexion by washing the face with the early dew in the +fields on the 1st of May extensively prevails in these parts; and they say +that a child who is weak in the back may be cured by drawing him over the +grass wet with the morning dew. The experiment must be thrice performed, +that is, on the mornings of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May. I find no +allusion to these specific applications of "May-dew" in Ellis's _Brand_. + +H.G.T. + +[Footnote 2: If the patient be a woman, the grave chosen must be that of +the last young man buried, and that of the last young woman in the case of +a man patient.] + +_Piskies._--An old woman, the wife of a respectable farmer at a place +called "Colmans," in the parish of Werrington, near Launceston, has +frequently told my informant before-mentioned of a "piskey" (for _so_, and +not _pixy_, the creature is called _here_, as well as in parts of Devon) +which frequently _made its appearance_ in the form of small child in the +kitchen of the farm-house, where the inmates were accustomed to set a +little stool for it. It would do a good deal of household work, but if the +hearth and chimney corner were not kept neatly swept, it would pinch the +maid. The piskey would often come into the kitchen and sit on its little +stool before the fire, so that the old lady had many opportunities of +seeing it. Indeed it was a familiar guest in the house for many months. At +last it left the family under these circumstances. One evening it was +sitting on the stool as usual, when it suddenly started, looked up, and +said,-- + + "Piskey fine, and Piskey gay, + Now Piskey! run away!" + +and vanished; after which it never appeared again. This distich is the +first utterance of a piskey I have heard. + +The word "fine" put me in mind of the expression "_fine_ spirit," "_fine_ +Ariel," &c., noticed by DR. KENNEDY lately in NOTES AND QUERIES (Vol. ii., +p. 251.). It is worth notice that the people here seem to entertain no +doubt as to the identity of piskies and fairies. Indeed I am told, that the +old woman before mentioned called her guest indifferently "piskey" or +"fairy." + +The country people in this neighbourhood sometimes put a prayer-book under +a child's pillow as a charm to keep away the piskies. I am told that a poor +woman near Launceston was fully persuaded that one of her children was +taken away and a piskey substituted, the disaster being caused by the +absence of the prayer-book on one particular night. This story reminds me +of the "killcrop." + +H.G.T. + +1. The _dun cow_ of Dunsmore filled with milk every vessel that was brought +to her till an envious witch tried to milk her in a sieve. + +2. _Lady Godiva._--A close-fitting dress might suggest the idea of nudity; +but was not the horse borrowed from the warrior Lady of Mercia Ethelfleda? + +3. CAN DU PLERA MELEOR CERA. Quand Dieu plaira meilleur sera. Charm on a +ring, olim penes W. Hamper, F.A.S. + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Circulation of the Blood._--About twenty-five years since, being in a +public library in France, a learned physician pointed out to me in the +works of the Venerable Bede a passage in which the fact of the circulation +of the blood appeared to him and myself to be clearly stated. I regret that +I did not, at the time, "make a note of it," and that I cannot now refer to +it, not having access to a copy of Bede: and I now mention it in hopes that +some of your correspondents may think it worth while to make it a subject +of research. + +J. MN. + +_Culprit, Origin of the Word._--Long ago I made this note, that this much +used English word was of French extraction, and that it was "_qu'il +paruit_," from the short way the clerk of the court has of pronouncing his +words; for our pleadings were formerly in French, and when the pleadings +were begun, he said to the defendant "_qu'il parait_"--culprit; and as he +was generally culpable, the "_qu'il parait_" became a synonyme with +offender. + +T. + +Cambridge. + + [Does not our ingenious correspondent point at the more correct origin + of _culprit_, when he speaks of the defendant being "generally + _culpable?_"] + +_Collar of SS._--In the volume of Bury Wills just issued by the Camden +Society, is an engraving from the decorations of the chantry chapel in St. +Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmund's, of John Baret, who died in 146-; in which +the collar is represented as SS in the upright form set on a collar of +leather or other material. It is described in the will as "my collar of the +king's livery." John Baret, says the editor of the Wills, was a lay officer +of the monastery of St. Edmund, probably treasurer, and was deputed to +attend Henry VI. on the occasion of the king's long visit to that famed +monastic establishment in 14--. + +BURIENSIS. + +_The Singing of Swans._--"It would," says Bishop Percy (Mallet's _North. +Antiq._, ii. p. 72.), "be a curious subject of disquisition, to inquire +what could have given rise to so arbitrary and groundless a notion as the +singing of swans," {476} which "hath not wanted assertors from almost every +nation." (Sir T. Browne.) + + "Not in more swelling whiteness sails + Cayster's swan to western gales, [3] + When the melodious murmur sings + 'Mid her slow-heav'd voluptuous wings." + +T.J. + +[Footnote 3: "It was an ancient notion that the music of the swan was +produced by its wings, and inspired by the zephyr. See this subject, +treated with his accustomed erudition, by Mr. Jodrell, in his +_Illustrations of the Ion of Euripides_."--Bulwer's _Siamese Twins_.] + +_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs._--In consequence of the suggestion of +[Greek: D.] (Vol. ii., p. 220.), I have applied to the owner of Sir T. +Herbert's MS. account of the last days of Charles I., and the answer which +I have received is as follows: + + "I found the first part of Sir Thos. Herbert's MS. (56 pages) is not in + the edition of Woods _Athenae_ Lord W. has; but I found a note in a + pedigree book, saying it was printed in 1702, 8vo. I suppose it can be + ascertained whether this is true." + +Perhaps some of your readers may know whether there is such a volume in +existence as that described by my friend. + +ALFRED GATTY. + +_Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan._--The plan of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" appears well adapted to record the change of hands into which +portraits of literary men may pass. I accordingly offer two to your notice. + +The portrait of George Stevens, the celebrated annotator on Shakspeare, who +died in 1800, was bequeathed by him to a relative, Mrs. Gomm of Spital +Square; and at that lady's death, some years after, it passed, I have +reason to expect, into the possession of her relative, Mr. Fince, of +Bishopsgate Street. I have no farther information of it. + +The portrait of Charles Cotton, by Sir Peter Lely, was, at the time (1814) +when Linnell took a copy, and (in 1836) when Humphreys took a copy, in the +possession of John Berisford, Esq., of Compton House, Ashborne, Derbyshire; +and the following extracts of letters will show who at present possesses +it:-- + + "Leek, 14th July, 1842. + + "After Mr. Berisford's decease, I should think the portrait of Cotton + would fall into the hands of his nephew Francis Wright, Esq., of Linton + Hall, near Nottingham. + + I am, &c. &c" + + "Linton Hall, Aug. 19. 1842. + + "Sir,--The Rev. J. Martin, of Trinity College, Cambridge, is the + possessor of the portrait of Cotton to which your letter alludes. I am, + Dear Sir, + + "Yours, in haste, + + "F. WRIGHT." + +I avail myself of the present opportunity to ask the authority for the +portrait of Bunyan appended to his ever-fresh allegory. The engraved +portrait I have has not the name of the painter. + +O.W. + +_Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is White._-- + + "It has been said of many, they were quite + Prepared to prove (I do not mean in fun) + That white was really black, and black was white; + But I believe it has not yet been done. + Black (Saxon, Blac) in any way to liken + With _candour_ may seem almost out of reach; + Yet _whiten_ is in kindred German _bleichen_, + Undoubtedly identical with _bleach_: + This last verb's cognate adjective is _bleak_-- + Reverting to the Saxon, _bleak_ is blaek. [4] + A semivowel is, at the last squeak, + All that remains such difference wide to make-- + The hostile terms of keen antithesis + Brought to an _E plus ultra_ all but kiss!" + +MEZZOTINTO. + +[Footnote 4: Pronounced (as _black_ was anciently written) _blake_.] + +_Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks_, 1626.--MR. HEBER says, "Who has seen +another copy?" In Tanner's Collection in the Bodleian Library is one copy, +and in the British Museum is another, the latter from Mr. Bright's +Collection. + +W.P. + + [Another copy is in the valuable collection of the Rev. T. Corser. See + that gentleman's communication on Nicholas Breton, in our First Vol., + p. 409.] + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +THE WISE MEN OF GOTHAM. + +An ill-starred town in England seems to have enjoyed so unenviable a +reputation for some centuries for the folly and stupidity of its +inhabitants, that I am induced to send you the following Query (with the +reasons on which it is founded) in the hope that some of your readers may +be able to help one to a solution. + +Query: Why have the men of _Gotham_ been long famous for their extreme +folly? + +My authorities are,-- + +1. The Nursery Rhyme,-- + + "Three wise men of _Gotham_ + Went to sea in a bowl; + If the bowl had been stronger, + My story would have been longer." + +2. _Drunken Barnaby's Journal_ (edit. London, 1822, p. 25.), originally +printed 1774, London: + + "Veni _Gotham_, ubi multos + Si non omnes, vidi stultos, + Nam scrutando reperi unam + Salientem contra lunam + Alteram nitidam puellam + Offerentem porco sellam." + + "Thence to _Gotham_, where, sure am I, + If, _though_ not all fools, saw I many; + Here a she-bull found I prancing, + And in moonlight nimbly dancing; + There another wanton mad one, + Who her hog was set astride on." + +{477} 3. In the "Life of Robin Hood" prefixed to Ritson's _Collection of +Ballads concerning Robin Hood_ (People's edit. p. 27.), the following +story, extracted from _Certaine Merry Tales of the Madmen of Gottam_, by +Dr. Andrew Borde, an eminent physician, temp. Hen. VIII. (Black letter), in +Bodleian Library, occurs:-- + + "There was two men of __Gottam_, and the one of them was going to the + market to Nottingham to buy sheepe, and the other came from the market; + and both met together upon Nottingham bridge. Well met, said the one to + the other. Whither be yee going? said he that came from Nottingham. + Marry, said he that was going thither, I goe to the market to buy + sheepe. Buy sheepe? said the other, and which way wilt thou bring them + home? Marry, said the other, I will bring them over this bridge. By + Robin Hood, said he that came from Nottingham, but thou shalt not. By + Maid Marrion, said he that was going thitherward, but I will. Thou + shalt not, said the one. I will, said the other. Ter here! said the + one. Shue there! said the other. Then they beat their staves against + the ground, one against the other, as there had been an hundred sheepe + betwixt them. Hold in, said the one. Beware the leaping over the bridge + of any sheepe, said the other. I care not, said the other. They shall + not come this way, said the one. But they shall, said the other. Then + said the other, and if that thou make much to doe, I will put my finger + in thy mouth. A t..d thou wilt, said the other. And as they were at + their contention, another man of _Gottam_ came from the market with a + sack of meale upon a horse, and seeing and hearing his neighbours at + strife for sheepe, and none betwixt them, said, Ah, fooles, will you + never learn wit? Helpe me, said he that had the meale, and lay my sacke + upon my shoulder. They did so and he went to the one side of the + bridge, and unloosed the mouth of the sacke, and did shake out all his + meale into the river. Now, neighbours, said the mall, how much meale is + there in my sacke now? Marry, there is none at all, said they. Now, by + my faith, said he, even as much wit as in your two heads, to strive for + that thing you have not. Which was the wisest of all these three + persons, judge you?" + +4. Tom Coryat, in an oration to the Duke of York (afterwards Chas. I.), +called _Crambe, or Colwarts twice sodden_ (London, 1611), has this +passage:-- + + "I came to Venice, and quickly took a survey of the whole model of the + city, together with the most remarkable matters thereof; and shortly + after any arrival in England I overcame any adversaries in the Town of + Evill, in my native county of Somersetshire, who thought to have sunk + me in a bargain of pilchards, as the _wise men of Gottam_ went about to + drown an eel." + +5. Dr. More's _Antidote against Atheism_, cap. ii. Sec. 14.: + + "But because so many bullets joggled together in a man's hat will + settle a determinate figure, or because the frost and wind will draw + upon doors and glass windows pretty uncouth streaks like feathers and + other fooleries which are to no use or purpose, try infer thence, that + all the contrivances that are in nature, even the frame of the bodies, + both of men and beasts, are from no other principle but the jumbling + together of the matter, and so because that this doth naturally effect + something, that is the cause of all things, seems to me to be reasoning + in the same mood and figure with that wise market man's, who, going + down a hill and carrying his cheeses under his arms, one of them + falling and trundling down the hill very fast, let the other go after + it appointing them all to meet him at his house at _Gotham_, not + doubting but they beginning so hopefully, would be able to make good + the whole journey; or like another of the same town, who perceiving + that his iron trevet he had bought had three feet, and could stand, + expected also that it should walk too, and save him the labour of the + carriage." + +6. Col. T. Perronet Thompson's Works, vol. ii. p. 236., _Anti-Corn-Law +Tracts_:-- + + "If fooleries of this kind go on, _Gotham_ will be put in Schedule A., + and the representation of Unreason transferred into the West Riding." + +J.R.M., M.A. + +K.C.L. Nov. 26. 1850. + + * * * * * + +HERSTMONCEUX CASTLE. + +Can you find an early place in your pages for the following Queries +relative to the history of Herstmonceux Castle and its lords, on which a +memoir is in preparation for the next volume of the collections of the +Sussex Archaeological Society. + +1. Who was Pharamuse of Boulogne, father of Sybil de Tingry? He is called +the _nephew_ of Maud, King Stephen's wife; but I believe there is no doubt +that she was the only child and sole heir of Eustace Earl of Boulogne, +brother of Godfrey, King of Jerusalem. Where is _Tingry_, of which place he +was lord? Is there any place in the North of France bearing that name now? + +2. Will any one well skilled in the interpretation of ancient legal +documents furnish some explanation of the following extracts from the +_Rotul. de Fin._ (Hardy, i. 19.):-- + + "1199. William de Warburton and Ingelram de Monceux give 500 marks to + the king for having the inheritance of Juliana, wife of William, son of + Aymer, whose next of kin they say they are." + +Yet six years later, 1205 (Hardy, i. 310 )-- + + "Waleran de Monceux gives 100 marks for having the reasonable + (rationabilis) part of the inheritance of Juliana, as regards (versus) + Wm. de Warburton, William and Waleran being her next of kin." + +This Waleran was son of Idonea _de Herst_ (now Herst Monceux), and appears +in other documents as "Waleran _de Herst_." The land in question was in +_Compton_ (afterwards Compton _Monceux_), Hants. + +Now how are we to reconcile the two above-quoted documents? What was the +connexion {478} between Ingelram and Waleran? And how is Waleran's double +appellation to be explained? I see a reference to a family named _de +Mounceaux_ in the last number of the _Archaeological Journal_, p. 300., +holding a manor near Hawbridge, Somerset Were they of the same stock? + +3. The magnificent monument in Herstmonceux church to Thomas Lord Dacre +(who died 1534), and his eldest son, is embellished with a considerable +number of coats of arms, several of which I am unable to identity with any +connexions of the family. These are,--(1.) Sable, a cross or; (2.) Barry of +six, ar. and az., a bend gules; (3.) Arg. a fesse gules; (4.) Quarterly or, +and gules, an escarbuncle sable; (5.) Barry of six, arg. and gules; (6.) +Azure, an orle of martlets or, on an inescutcheon arg. three bass gules. + +Can any of your readers, acquainted with the Dacre and Fienes pedigrees, +appropriate any of these coats? + +4. A suite of small bed-rooms, and the gallery from which they opened, in +Herstmonceux Castle, were called respectively the _Bethlem Chambers_ and +_Bethlem Gallery_: is any instance of a similar denomination of apartments +known, and can the reason be assigned? + +5. Sir Roger Fienes, the builder of Herstmonceux Castle, accompanied Henry +V. to Agincourt. Are any references to him to be found in Sir H. Nicolas' +_Battle of Azincourt_, or elsewhere? + +6. Francis Lord Dacre was one of the noble twelve who had the courage to +appear in their places in the House of Lords and reject the ordinance for +the trial of Charles I. His son Thomas, who married the daughter of Charles +II. by the Duchess of Cleveland, and was created Earl of Sussex, was +compelled through his extravagance to alienate the castle and manor of +Herstmonceux. Are there any references to either of these peers, who played +a not inconspicuous part in the events of their times, in any of the +contemporary memoirs? Any information on any of the above points would +greatly oblige + +E.V. + +Herstmonceux, Nov. 18. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Yorkshire Ballads._--Any of your readers would confer a great favour by +referring me to any early Yorkshire ballads, or ballads relating to places +in Yorkshire, not reprinted in the ordinary collections, such as Percy, +Evans, &c. I am of course acquainted with those in the Roxburghe +collection. + +H. + +_Ringing a Handbell before a Corpse._--Is it true that whenever an +interment takes place in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, the corpse is +preceded on its way to the grave by a person who rings a small handbell at +intervals, each time giving a few tinkling strokes? My informant on this +subject was an Oxford undergraduate, who said that he had recently +witnessed the burials both of Mr. ----, a late student of Christ Church, +and of Miss ----, daughter of a living bishop: and he assured me that in +both cases this ceremony was observed. Certainly it is possible to go +through the academical course at Oxford without either hearing the bell, or +knowing of its use on such occasions: but I should now be glad to receive +some explanation of this singular custom. + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield. + +_Church of St. Saviour, Canterbury._--Tradition, I believe, has uniformly +represented that an edifice more ancient, but upon the present site of St. +Martin's, Canterbury, was used by St. Augustine and his followers in the +earliest age of Christianity in this country. St. Martin's has, on that +account, been often spoken of as the mother-church of England. Lately, +however, in perusing the fourth volume of Mr. Kemble's _Codex +Diplomaticus_, p. 1. I find a charter of King Canute, of the year 1018, +which states the church of ST. SAVIOUR, _Canterbury_, to be the +mother-church of England: + + "AEcclesia Salvatoris in Dorobernia sita, omnium AEcclesiarum regni + Angligeni _mater et domina_." + +In none of the histories of Kent or of Canterbury can I find any mention of +a church dedicated to St. Saviour. May I beg the favour of you to insert +this among your Notes? + +HENRY ELLIS. + +_Mock Beggar's Hall._--What is the origin of this name as applied to some +old mansions? One at Wallasey, in Cheshire, was so named, and another near +Ipswich, in Suffolk. And what is the earliest instance of the title? + +BURIENSIS. + +_Beatrix Lady Talbot._--Since the publication of Sir Harris Nicolas' able +contribution to the _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_ (vol. i. pp. +80-90.) no one may be excused for confounding, as Dugdale and his followers +had done, Beatrix Lady Talbot with Donna Beatrix, daughter of John, King of +Portugal, to whom Thomas FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, was married, 26th Nov., +1405. What I now wish to learn is, whether anything has since been +discovered to elucidate further the pedigree of Lady Talbot? It is evident +that she was of Portuguese origin; and it may be inferred from the +quarterings on her seal, as shown in a manuscript in the British Museum +(1st and 4th arg., five escutcheons in cross az., each charged with five +plates in saltire, for _Portugal_; and 2nd and 3rd az., five crescents in +saltire, or), that she was a member of the Portuguese family of Pinto, +which is the only house in Portugal that bears the five crescents in +saltire, as displayed on the seal. + +SCOTUS. + +{479} + +_English Prize Essays._--Is there at present, in either of the +universities, or elsewhere, any prize, medal, or premium given for English +essays, for which all England could compete, irrespective of birth, place +of education, &c.; and, if so, particulars as to where such could be +obtained, would greatly oblige + +MODEST AMBITION. + +_Rev. Joseph Blanco White._--_History of the Inquisition._--In the Rev. +J.H. Thom's _Life of the Rev. Joseph Blanco White_ it is stated that he had +made a collection for a history of the Inquisition which he intended to +publish; and in a batch of advertisements preceding the first volume of +Smedley's _Reformed Religion in France_, published in 1832 by Rivingtons, +as part of their Theological Library. I find an announcement of other works +to be included in the series, and amongst others, already in preparation, +_The Origin and Growth of the Roman Catholic Inquisition against Heresy and +Apostacy_; by Joseph Blanco White, M.A. I need not ask whether the work was +_published_, for it is not to be found in the London Catalogue; but I wish +to ask whether any portion of the work was ever placed in the publisher's +hands, or ever printed; or whether he made any considerable progress in the +collection, and, if so, in whose hands the MSS. are? Such papers, if they +exist, would probably prove of too much importance to allow of their +remaining unpublished. + +IOTA. + +_Lady Deloraine._--The _Delia_ of Pope's line, + + "Slander or poison dread from _Delia's_ rage," + +is supposed to have been Lady Deloraine, who remarried W. Windam, Esq., of +Carsham, and died in Oct., 1744. The person said to have been poisoned was +a Miss Mackenzie. Are the grounds of this strange suspicion known? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Speke Family._--I shall be glad to ascertain the family name and the +armorial bearings of Alice, wife of Sir John Speke, father of Sir John +Speke, founder of the chapel of St. George in Exeter Cathedral. She is said +to have been maid of honour to Queen Catherine. + +J.D.S. + +_Pope's Villa._--In Pope's _Literary Correspondence_, published by Curll, +an engraving, is advertised of his (Pope's) Villa at Twickenham, engraved +by Rysbrach and published by Curll. Are any of your correspondents aware of +the existence of a copy, and the price at which it can be obtained? + +C. BATHURST W. + +_Armorial Bearings._--Among the numerous coats-armorial in the great east +window of the choir of Exeter Cathedral, there is one respecting which I am +at a loss. Argent a cross between four crescents gules. Can either of your +readers kindly afford the name? + +J.D.S. + +_Passage from Tennyson._--You have so many correspondents well versed in +lore and legend, that I am induced to beg through you for an explanation of +the allusion contained in the following passage of Tennyson:-- + + "Morn broaden'd on the borders of the dark, + Ere I saw her, who clasp'd in her last trance + Her murder'd father's head." + +It occurs in the _Dream of Fair Women_, st. 67. + +W.M.C. + +Cambridge. + +_Sauenap, Meaning of._--In the will of Jane Heryng, of Bury, 1419, occurs +this bequest:-- + + "To Alyson my dowter, xl s. and ij pottys of bras neste the beste, and + a peyr bedys of blak _get_, and a grene hod, and a red hod, and a gowne + of violet, and another of tanne, and a towayll of diaper werk, and a + _sauenap_; also a cloke and rownd table." + +What was the _sauenap_? + +BURIENSIS. + +_Hoods worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge._--Pray permit me to +inquire, through your agency, what is the proper lining of the scarlet +cloth hoods worn by doctors in the three faculties of the university of +Cambridge? The robe-makers of Cambridge have determined upon a pink or +rose-coloured silk for all; the London artists adopt a shot silk (light +blue and crimson) sometimes for all faculties, at others for Doctors in +Divinity only. On ancient monuments (there is one in Canterbury Cathedral) +I find that the hoods were lined with ermine; and this is the material of +those attached to the full-dress robes of doctors on the occasion of their +creation, and in the schools, and at congregations. I cannot find the +statutes bearing upon the subject. + +As the Oxford statutes have recently been published, the matter is not so +much in the dark,--black silk being the material prescribed for the lining +of hoods of Doctors in Divinity, and those of the doctors in the other +faculties being prescribed to be of _silk of any intermediate colour_, +which the Oxford doctors understand to mean a deep rose-colour. + +D.C.L. + +U. University Club, Dec. 4. 1850. + +_Euclid and Aristotle._--The ordinary chronologies place Aristotle as +nearly a century anterior to Euclid; but Professor De Morgan ("Eucleides," +in Dr. Smith's _Biographical Dictionary_) considers them as contemporary. +Any of your readers conversant with the subject will oblige me by saying +_which_ is right, and likewise _why_ so. + +GEOMETRICUS. + +_Ventriloquism. Fanningus the King's Whisperer._--To the Query respecting +Brandon the juggler (Vol. ii., p. 424.), I beg leave to add another +somewhat similar. Where is any information to be obtained of "The King's +Whisperer, [Greek: engastrimythos], nomine Fanningus, who resided at Oxford +in 1643?" + +T.J. + +{480} + +_Frances Lady Norton._--Can any of your readers give me an account of the +life of Frances Lady Norton, who wrote a work, entitled _The Applause of +Virtue, in Four Parts, consisting of Divine and Moral Essays towards the +obtaining of True Virtue_, 4to. 1705? It is a very delightful book, full of +patristic learning. I am aware she was the daughter of Ralph Freke, Esq., +of Hannington, and married Sir George Norton, Knt. of Abbot's Leigh, in the +county of Somerset. I wish to know what other books she wrote, if any, and +where her life may be found? Perhaps the Freke family could furnish an +account of this learned lady. The work I believe to be extremely scarce. + +RICHARD HOOPER. + +_Westminster Wedding._--Jeremy Collier says, in one of his _Essays_ (Part +iii. Essay viii.): + + "As for the business of friendship you mentioned, 'tis not to be had at + a _Westminster Wedding_." + +Being much interested in weddings in Westminster at the present day, I +should be much obliged to any of your readers who can throw any light on +the observation of the Essayist, as above cited. What other authors use the +term? + +R.H. + +_Stone's Diary._--Stone, the celebrated sculptor, left a valuable diary. +The MS. was in the possession of Vertue the engraver. Has it ever been +printed? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Dr. King's Poem of The Toast._--Where can I find a key to Dr. King's +_Heroic Poem_, called _The Toast?_ Isaac Reed's copy, with a _manuscript +key_, sold at his sale for 10l. 10s. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Anima Magis, &c._--To whom is this sentence to be ascribed-- + + "Anima magis est ubi amat + Quam ubi animat." + +TYRO-ETYMOLOGICUS. + +_The Adventures of Peter Wilkins._--Is the author of this delightful work +of fiction known? The first edition was published in 1751, but it does not +contain the dedication to Elizabeth, Countess of Northumberland, found in +later impressions. When was this dedication added? It is observable that in +all the editions I have seen, the initials R.P. are signed to the +dedication, while R.S. appears on the title-page. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Talmud, Translations of._--1. Have there been any English translations of +the Talmud, or any complete section of it? 2. What are the most esteemed +Continental and Latin translations? + +S.P.H.T. + +_Torn by Horses._--What is the last instance in the history of France of a +culprit being torn by horses? Jean Chatel, who attempted to assassinate +Henri Quatre, suffered thus in 1595. (Crowe's _France_, i. 364.) + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +_The Marks_ *, [obelus], [diesis], _&c._--What is the origin of the +asterisk, obelus, &c., used for references to notes? When were they first +used? What are their proper names? + +ED. S. JACKSON. + +Totteridge, Herts, Oct. 23. + +_Blackguard._--Walking once through South Wales, we found an old woman by +the roadside selling a drink she called _blackguard_. It was composed of +beer and gin, spiced with pepper, and well deserved its name. Is this a +common beverage in the principality? + +J.W.H. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY. + +I am much obliged to your correspondent LAICUS for his inquiry respecting +the proposed Society (Vol. ii., p. 464). Will you allow me to express to +him my confident hope, that the proposed plan, or some modification of it +by a committee (when one shall exist) may in due time be carried out. But +there seems to be no reason for haste; and in the formation of such body it +is desirable to have as many avowed supporters to select from as possible. +I do not think that the matter is much known yet, though I have to thank +you for a kind notice; and I need not tell some of your correspondents that +I have received very encouraging letters. But, in truth, as I did not +expect any profit, or desire any responsibility as to either money or +management, and only wished to lay before the public an idea which had +existed in my own mind for some years, and which had obtained the sanction +of some whom I thought competent judges; and as I had, moreover, published +pamphlets enough to know that a contribution of waste paper to any object +is often one of the most costly, I did not feel myself called on to go to +so much expense in advertising as I perhaps might have done if I had been +spending the money of a society instead of my own. I sent but few copies; +none, I believe, except to persons with whom I had some acquaintance, and +whom I thought likely to take more or less interest in the subject. + +I trust, however, that the matter is quietly and solidly growing; and from +communications which I have received, and resources on which I believe I +may reckon, I feel no doubt that if it were considered desirable, friends +and money enough to set such a society going might be immediately brought +forward. It is one advantage of the proposed plan, that it may be tried on +almost any scale. A society so constituted would NOT begin its existence +{481} with great promises of returns to subscribers, and heavy engagements +to printers, papermakers, and editors. Its only _necessary_ expenses would +be those of _management_; and if the society were very small, these +expenses would be so too. It is, indeed, hardly possible to imagine that +they should be such as not to leave something to be funded for future use, +if they did not furnish means for immediate display; but it seems better to +wait patiently until such real substantial support is guaranteed as may +prevent all apprehension on that score. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + + * * * * * + +DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. + +(Vol. ii., p. 442.) + +It is quite startling to be told that the title of "Defender of the Faith" +was used by any royal predecessor of Henry VIII. + +Selden (_Titles of Honour_, ed 1631, p. 54) says: + + "The beginning and ground of that attribute of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, + which hath been perpetually, in the later ages, added to the style of + the kings of England, (not only in the first person, but frequent also + in the second and in the third, as common use shows in the formality of + instruments of conveyance, leases and such like) is most certainly + known. It began in Henry the VIII. For he, in those awaking times, upon + the quarrel of the Romanists and Lutherans, wrote a volume against + Luther," &c. + +Selden then states the well-known occasion upon which this title was +conferred, and sets out the Bull of Leo X. (then extant in the Collection +of Sir Robert Cotton, and now in the British Museum), whereby the Pope, +"holding it just to distinguish those who have undertaken such pious +labours for defending the faith of Christ with every honour and +commendation," decrees that to the title of King the subjects of the royal +controversialist shall add the title "Fidei Defensori." The pontiff adds, +that a more worthy title could not be found. + +Your correspondent, COLONEL ANSTRUTHER, calls attention to the statement +made by Mr. Christopher Wren, Secretary of the Order of the Garter (A.D. +1736), in his letter to Francis Peck, on the authority of the Register of +the Order in his possession; which letter is quoted by Burke (_Dorm. and +Ext. Bar._, iv. 408.), that "King Henry VII. had the title Defender of the +Faith." It is not found in any acts or instruments of his reign that I am +acquainted with, nor in the proclamation on his interment, nor in any of +the epitaphs engraved on his magnificent tomb. (Sandford, _Geneal. Hist._) +Nor is it probable that Pope Leo X., in those days of diplomatic +intercourse with England, would have bestowed on Henry VIII., as a special +and personal distinction and reward, a title that had been used by his +royal predecessors. + +I am not aware that any such title is attributed to the sovereign in any of +the English records anterior to 1521; but that many English kings gloried +in professing their zeal to defend the Church and religion, appears from +many examples. Henry IV., in the second year of his reign, promises to +maintain and defend the Christian religion (_Rot. Parl._, iii. 466.); and +on his renewed promise, in the fourth year of his reign, to defend the +Christian faith, the Commons piously grant a subsidy (_Ibid._, 493.); and +Henry VI., in the twentieth year of his reign, acts as keeper of the +Christian faith. (_Rot. Parl._, v. 61.) + +In the admonition used in the investiture of a knight with the insignia of +the Garter, he is told to take the crimson robe, and being therewith +defended, to be bold to fight and shed his blood for Christ's faith, the +liberties of the Church, and the defence of the oppressed. In this sense, +the sovereign and every knight became a sworn defender of the faith. Can +this duty have come to be popularly attributed as part of the royal style +and title? + +The Bull of Leo X., which confers the title on Henry VIII. personally, does +not make it inheritable by his successors, so that none but that king +himself could claim the honour. The Bull granted two years afterwards by +Clement VII. merely confirms the grant of Pope Leo to the king himself. It +was given, as we know, for his assertion of doctrines of the Church of +Rome; yet he retained it after his separation from the Roman Catholic +communion, and after it had been formally revoked and withdrawn by Pope +Paul III. in the twenty-seventh year of Henry VIII., upon the king's +apostacy in turning suppressor of religious houses. In 1543, the +Reformation legislature and the Anti-papal king, without condescending to +notice any Papal Bulls, assumed to treat the title that the Pope had given +and taken away as a subject of Parliamentary gift, and annexed it for ever +to the English crown by the statute 35 Hen. VIII. c. 3., from which I make +the following extract, as its language bears upon the question: + + "Where our most dread, &c., lord the king, hath heretofore been, and is + justly, lawfully, and notoriously knowen, named, published, and + declared to be King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the + Faith, and the Church of England and also of Ireland, in earth supreme + head; and hath justly and lawfully used the title and name thereof as + to his Grace appertaineth. Be it enacted, &c., that all and singular + his Graces' subject, &c., shall from henceforth accept and take the + same his Majesty's style ... viz., in the English tongue by these + words, Henry the Eighth, by the grace of God King of England, France, + and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England, and + also of Ireland, in earth the supreme head; and that the said style, + &c., shall be, &c., united {482} and annexed for ever to the imperial + crown of his highness's realms of England." + +By the supposed authority of this statute, and notwithstanding the +revocation of the title by Pope Paul III., and its omission in the Bull +addressed by Pope Julius III. to Philip and Mary, that princess, before and +after her marriage, used this style, and the statute having, been +re-established by 1 Eliz. c. 1., the example has been followed by her royal +Protestant successors, who wished thereby to declare themselves Defenders +of the Anti-papal Church. The learned Bishop Gibson, in his _Codex_ (i. 33, +note), treats this title as having commenced in Henry VIII. So do Blount, +Cowel, and such like authorities. + +WM. SIDNEY GIBSON. + +Newcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 1850. + +P.S. Since writing the above, I have found (in the nineteenth volume of +_Archaeologia_, pp. 1-10.) an essay by Mr. Alex. Luders on this very +subject, in which that able writer, who was well accustomed to examine +historical records, refers to many examples in which the title "Most +Christian King" was attributed to, or used by English sovereigns, as well +as the kings of France; and to the fact, that this style was used by Henry +VII., as appears from his contract with the Abbot of Westminster (Harl. MS. +1498.). Selden tells us that the emperors had from early times been styled +"Defensores Ecclesiae;" and from the instances cited by Mr. Luders, it +appears that the title of "Most Christian" was appropriated to kings of +France from a very ancient period; that Pepin received it (A.D. 755) from +the Pope, and Charles the Bald (A.D. 859) from a Council: and Charles VI. +refers to ancient usage for this title, and makes use of these words: + + "--nostrorum progenitorum imitatione--evangelicae + veritatis--DEFENSORES--nostra regia dignitas divino Christianae + religionis titulo gloriosius insignitur--." + +Mr. Luders refers to the use of the words "Nos zelo _fidei catholicae_, +cujus sumus et erimus Deo dante _Defensores_, salubriter commoti" in the +charter of Richard II. to the Chancellor of Oxford, in the nineteenth year +of his reign, as the earliest introduction of such phrases into acts of the +kings of England that he had met with. This zeal was for the condemnation +of Wycliff's _Trialogus_. In the reign of Hen. IV. the writ "De Haeretico +comburendo" had the words "Zelator justitia et fidei catholicae cultor;" and +the title of "Tres Chretien" occurs in several instruments of Hen. VI. and +Edw. IV. It appears very probable that this usage was the foundation of the +statement made by Chamberlayne and by Mr. Christopher Wren: but that the +title of Defender of the Faith was used as part of the royal style before +1521, is, I believe, quite untrue. + +W.S.G. + + * * * * * + +MEANING OF JEZEBEL. + +(Vol. ii., p. 357.) + +There appear to be two serious objections to the idea of your correspondent +W.G.H. respecting the appearance of _Baal_ in this word: 1. The original +orthography ([Hebrew: 'iyzebel]); whereas the name of the deity is found on +all Phoenician monuments, where it enters largely into the composition of +proper names, written [Hebrew: b`l]: and, 2. The fact of female names being +generally on these same monuments (as tombstones and so forth) compounded +of the name of a _goddess_, specially Astarth ([Hebrew: 'atiorit] or +[Hebrew: `a]). I do not know that we have any example of a female name into +which _Baal_ enters. + +The derivation of the word appears to be that given by Gesenius (s.v.); +that it is compounded of the root [Hebrew: zabal] (habitavit, cohabitavit) +and the negative [Hebrew: 'eiyn], and that its meaning is the same as +[Greek: alochos], casta: comp. _Agnes_. _Isabel_, in fact, would be a name +nearer the original than the form in which we have it. + +SC. + +Carmarthen, Oct. 29. 1850. + +_Jezebel._--W.G.H. has been misled by the ending _bel_. The Phoenician god +_Bel_ or _Baal_ has nothing to do with this name,--the component words +being _Je-zebel_, not _Jeze-bel_. Of the various explanations given, that +of Gesenius (_Heb. Lex._, s. voc.) appears, as usual, the simplest and most +rational. The name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] (Jezebel) he derives from [Hebrew: +'iy] (_i_) "not" (comp. I-chabod, "In-glorious") and [Hebrew: zabal] +(zabal), "to dwell, cohabit with." + +The name will then mean "without cohabitation," _i.e._ [Greek: alochos] +(Plat. _Theaet._) "chaste, modest." Comp. _Agnes_, _Katherine_, &c. + +Less satisfactory explanations may be found in Calmet's _Dictionary_, and +the _Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature_, edited by Dr. Kitlo. + +R.T.H.G. + +_Jezebel._--The Hebrew spelling [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] presents so much +difficulty, that I fear such a derivation as W.G.H. wishes to obtain for +the name is not practicable by any known etymology. Nothing that I am aware +of, either in Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic, will help us. The nearest verb +that I can find is the Chaldee [Hebrew: 'aza'], signifying, "to light a +fire," parts of which occur two or three times in Dan. iii.; but I fear it +would be too daring a conjecture to interpret the name _quem Belus +accendit_ on the strength of that verb's existence. At present I feel +myself obliged to take the advice of Winer, in his _Lexicon_, "Satius est +ignorantiam fateri quam argutari." + +"Nominis origo (he says) non liquet. Sunt qui interpretentur _non stercus_, +Coll. 2 Reg. ix. 27., inepte. {483} Simonis in Onom. dictum putat Ino +[Hebrew: n'iy zebel], _mansio habitationis_ (habitatio tectissima); +Gesenius _cui nemo concubuit_, Coll. [Hebrew: zbl], Gen. xxx. 20. Sed +satius," &c. + +Admitting that Hasdrubal is, in fact [Hebrew: `azrw beil], _Bel (was) his +helper_, we cannot possibly connect [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] with it. + +[Hebrew: b]. + +L---- Rectory, Somerset. + +_Jezebel._--Your correspondent W.G.H. believes this word to be derivable +from _Baal_. That the Phoenician word [Hebrew: ba`al] (Lord) makes a +component part of many Syrian names is well-known: but I do not think the +contracted form [Hebrew: beil], which was used by the Babylonians, is ever +found in any Syrian names. If we suppose the name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] to be +derived from [Hebrew: beil] or [Hebrew: ba`al], we must find a meaning for +the previous letters. Gesenius derives the name from [Hebrew: 'y], the +negative particle, [Hebrew: zbl], and gives it the sense of "innuba", +_i.e._ "pure," comparing it, as a female name, with the Christian Agnes. +There is but one passage, however, in Scripture which supports this +secondary sense of [Hebrew: zbl] properly, "to be round," or, "to make +round," and then "to dwell;" from whence [Hebrew: zbwl], "a dwelling or +habitation:" also [Hebrew: zbwlwn], "dwellings," the name which Leah gives +to her sixth son, because she hopes that thenceforward her husband [Hebrew: +yizbleiwiy], "will dwell with me." (Gen. xxx. 20.) Gesenius considers this +equivalent with "cohabit;" and from this single passage draws the sense +which he assigns to [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] This seems rather far-fetched. I am, +however, still inclined to give the sense of "pure, unpolluted," to +[Hebrew: 'iyzebel], but on different grounds. + +[Hebrew: zebel] has another sense, [Greek: kopros], particularly of camels, +from the round form; and the word was common, in the later Hebrew, in that +sense. Hence the evil spirit is called [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwl], a contemptuous +name, instead of [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwb] = [Greek: Beelzeboul] instead of +[Greek: Beelzeboub] (Matt. xii. 24.). + +The negative of this word [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] might, without any great +forcing of the literal sense, imply "the undefiled," [Greek: Amiautos]; and +this conjecture is supported by comparing 2 Kings, ix. 37. with the same +verse in the _Targum_ of Jonathan. They are as follows: (Heb.): + + [Hebrew: wihayta niblat 'iyzebel krmen `al-pneiy hasreh] + +In the _Targum_ thus: + + [Hebrew: wtiheiy nibeiylta' r'iyzebel kzebel mbarar `al 'apeiy taqla':] + +It is quite clear that the Targumists intended here a strong allusion to +the _original_ meaning of Jezebel's name; viz. that she who was named "the +undefiled" should become as "defilement." I am not sure whether a +disquisition of this kind may be considered irrelevant to your work; but as +the idea seems not an improbable one to some whose judgment I value, I +venture to send it. + +E.C.H. + + * * * * * + +SOCINIAN BOAST. + +(Vol. ii., p. 375.). + +One of your correspondents, referring to the lines lately quoted by Dr. +Pusey-- + + "Tota jacet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Calvinus muros, sed fundamenta Socinus." + +inquires "by what Socinian writer" are these two hexameter verses used ? + +In reply, I beg to remark that by "Socinian" is, I suppose, meant +"Unitarian," for even the immediate converts of Socinus refused to be +called Socinians, alleging that their belief was founded on the teaching of +Jesus Christ; and modern Unitarians, disowning all human authority in +religious matters, cannot take to themselves the name of Socinus. + +The distich, however, appears to have been in use among the Polish +Unitarians shortly after the death of Faustus Socinus, as respectfully +expressive of the exact effect which they conceived that he had produced in +the religious world. Mr. Wallace, in his _Antitrinitarian Biography_, vol. +iii. p. 323., states that it is "the epitaph said to have been inscribed on +the tomb of Faustus Socinus." Mr. Wallace's authority for this assertion I +have not been able to discover. Bock (_Hist. Antitrinitariorum_, vol. iii. +p. 725.), whom Mr. Wallace generally follows, observes that the adherents +of Faustus Socinus were accustomed to use these lines "respecting his +decease," (qui de ejus obitu canere soliti sunt). This would seem to imply +that the lines were composed not long after the death of Faustus Socinus. +Probably they formed originally a part of poem written as a eulogy on him +by some minister of the Unitarian church. The case would not be without a +parallel. + +Three versions of the distich are before me; that cited by Dr. Pusey, and +the two which follow:-- + + "Alta ruit Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus." + Fock, _Socinianismus_, vol. i. p. 180. + + "Tota ruet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus, + Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus." + Bock, _ut supra_. + +Which is the original? Bock's reading has the preference in my mind, +because he is known to have founded his history on the results of his own +personal investigations among the manuscripts as {484} well as the printed +documents of the Polish Unitarian Churches. Besides, if, as there is reason +to believe, the lines were composed shortly after the death of F. Socinus, +_ruet_ (_will_ fall) would now correctly describe what, at so small a +distance from the days of Luther and Calvin, may be supposed to have been +the feeling among the Polish Unitarians; whereas Dr. Pusey's _jacet_ (lies +low, in the _present_ tense) does as certainly partake somewhat of the +grandiloquent. That no "boast," however, was intended, becomes probable, +when we consider that the distich was designed to convey a feeling of +reverence towards Socinus rather than an insult to Rome. + +JOHN R. BEARD. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_The Koenigs-stuhl at Rheuze_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--DR. BELL, who inquires +for an engraving of the old _Koenigs_ or _Kaisers-stuhl_, at Rheuze, is +referrred to the _History of Germany, on the Plan of Mrs. Markham's +Histories_, published by Murray, where, on the 188th page, he will find a +very neat woodcut of this building, which we are told was destroyed in +1807, and rebuilt after the original model in 1843. It is of an octagon +form, supported by pillars, with seven stone seats round the sides for the +electors, and one in the centre for the emperor. + +M.H.G. + + [The woodcuts of this work deserve especial commendation, being + accurate representations of objects of historical interest, instead of + the imaginative illustrations too often introduced into works which + claim to represent the truth of history. Many of the engravings, such + as that of the _room in which the Council of Constance was held_, and + the _Cages of the Anabaptists_ attached to the tower of _St. Lambert's + Church, Munster_, are, we have understood, copied from original + sketches placed at Mr. Murray's disposal for the purpose of being used + in the work in question.] + +_Mrs. Tempest_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--This lady was one of the two daughters +of Henry Tempest, Esq., of Newton Grange, Yorkshire (son of Sir John +Tempest of Tong Hall, who was created a baronet in 1664), by his wife +Alathea, daughter of Sir Henry Thompson of Marston, co. York. She died +unmarried in 1703. As the Daphne of Pope's pastoral "Winter," inscribed to +her memory, she is celebrated in terms which scarcely bear out the remark +of your correspondent, that the poet "has no special allusion to her." + +J.T. HAMMACK. + +_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--In reply to M.'s +Query, I beg to inform him, that to find a calendar of _both_ the above +churches, he need seek no further than the _Almanach de Gotha_ for the year +1851. He will there find what he wants, on authority no doubt sufficient. + +D.C. + +_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440).--I do not agree with L. in thinking that +the modern notion, that this word means "a forcible method of acquisition," +is an erroneous one; but have no doubt that, whatever its original +derivation may be, it was used in that sense. If William I. never pretended +"to annex the idea of victory to conquisition," it is certain that his son +William II. did: for we find a charter of his in the _Monasticon_ (ed. +1846), vol. vi. p. 992., confirming a grant of the church of St. Mary of +Andover to the abbey of St. Florence, at Salmur, in Anjou, in which there +is the following recital: + + "Noscant qui sunt et qui futuri sunt, quod Willielmus + rex, qui _armis Anglicam terram sibi subjugavit_, + dedit." &c. + +If this charter was granted by William I., under whom Dugdale has placed it +in his _Chronica Series_, p. 1., _nomine Baldric_, the argument is so much +the stronger; but I have endeavored to prove by internal evidence (_Judges +of England_, vol. i. p. 67.) that it is a charter of William II. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Thruscross_ (Vol. ii., p. 441.).--In a sermon preached at the funeral of +Lady Margaret Mainard, at Little Easton, in Essex, June 30, 1682, by Bishop +Ken, he says: + + "The silenced, and plundered, and persecuted clergy she thought worthy + of double honour, did vow a certain sum yearly out of her income, which + she laid aside, only to succour them. The congregations where she then + communicated, were those of the Reverend and pious Dr. Thruscross and + Dr. Mossom, both now in heaven, and that of the then Mr. Gunning, the + now most worthy Bishop of Ely, for whom she ever after had a peculiar + veneration." + + "My last son Izaak, borne the 7th of September, 1651, at halfe an houre + after two o'clock in the afternoone, being Sunday, and he was baptized + that evening by Mr. Thruscross, in my house in Clerkenwell. Mr. Henry + Davison and my brother Beacham were his godfathers, and Mrs. Roe his + godmother."--_Izaak Walton's Entry in his Prayer Book._ + +Peckhard, in his _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, p. 213., quotes Barwick's Life, +Oley, Thruscross, and Thorndike. + +W.P. + +_Osnaburgh Bishopric_ (Vol. ii., pp. 358. 447.).--The succession to this +bishopric was regulated by the Treaty of Westphalia, in 1648. By virtue of +that treaty the see of Osnaburgh is alternately possessed by a Romish and a +Protestant prince; and when it comes to the turn of a Protestant, it is to +be given to a younger son of the house of Hanover. The _Almanach de Gotha_ +will most probably supply the information who succeeded the late Duke of +York. Looking at the names of the titular bishops of Osnaburgh, it may be +inferred that the duties attached to the see are confined to its +temporalities. + +J.T. HAMMACK. + +{485} _Nicholas Ferrar_ (Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407. 444.).--The libellous +pamphlet, entitled _The Arminian Nunnery at Little Gidding_, is printed +entire in the Appendix to Hearne's Preface to Langtoft. One of the +Harmonies of the Life of Christ is in the British Museum, and another at +St. John's College, Oxford (Qy.) (See the list of MSS. once at Gidding, +Peckhard, p. 306.) N. Ferrar published and wrote the preface to Herbert's +_Temple_, 1633,--and translated Valdesso's _Divine Considerations_, Camb. +1646. + +W.P. + +_Butchers' Blue Dress_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--A blue dress does not show +stains of blood, inasmuch as blood, when dry, becomes of a blue colour. I +have always understood this to be the explanation of this custom. + +X.Z. + +_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--This portrait is +engraved in Strutt's _Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities_. + +J.I.D. + + [And we may add, in the edition of Tyrwhitt's _Canterbury Tales_, + published by Pickering--ED.] + +_Chaucer's Portrait_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--His portrait, from Occleve's +poem, has been engraved in octavo and folio by Vertue. Another, from the +Harleian MS., engraved by Worthington, is in Pickering's edition of +Tyrwhitt's _Chaucer_. Occleve's poem has not been printed; but see Ritson's +_Biblioth. Poetica_, and Warton's _H.E.P._ A full-length portrait of +Chaucer is given in Shaw's _Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages_; +another, on horseback, in Todd's _Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer_. + +W.P. + +_Lady Jane of Westmoreland_ (Vol. i., p. 103.).--I think your correspondent +Q.D. is wrong in his supposition that the two following entries in Mr. +Collier's second volume of _Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' +Company_ refer to a composition by Lady Jane of Westmoreland:-- + + "1585-6. Cold and uncoth blowes, of the Lady Jane of Westmorland. + + 1586-7. A songe of Lady Jane of Westmorland." + +My idea is, that the ballad (for Mr. Collier thinks that both entries +relate to one production) was merely one of those metrical ditties sung +about the streets of London depicting the woes and sufferings of some +unfortunate lady. The question is, who was this "unfortunate lady?" She was +the wife of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted about the year +1570, and died in Flanders anno 1584. I learn this from a MS. of the +period, now before me, entitled _Some Account of the Sufferinges of the +Ladye Jane of Westmorlande, who dyed in Exile. By T.C._ Perhaps at some +future time I may trouble your readers with an account of this highly +interesting MS. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Gray and Dodsley._--As the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has repeated his Queries on +Gray and Dodsley, I must make a second attempt to answer them with due +precision, assured that no man is more disposed than himself to communicate +information for the satisfaction of others. + +1. _Gray_: In the first edition of the _Elegy_ the epithet in question is +_droning_; and so it stands in the _Poems of Gray_, as edited by himself, +in 1753, 1768, &c. + +2. _Dodsley_: The first edition of the important poetical miscellany which +bears his name was published in 1748, in three volumes, 12mo. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The New Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and History_, may be +considered as the third in that important series of Classical Dictionaries +for which the world is indebted to the learning of Dr. Smith. As the +present work is distinguished by the same excellencies which have won for +the _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, and the _Dictionary of +Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_, the widely-spread reputation they +enjoy, we shall content ourselves with a few words explanatory of the +arrangement of a work which, it requires no great gift of prophecy to +foretell, must ere long push Lempriere from its stool. The present +Dictionary may be divided into three portions. The Biographical, which +includes all the historical names of importance which occur in the Greek +and Roman writers, from the earliest times down to the extinction of the +Western Empire; those of all Greek and Roman writers, whose works are +either extant or known to have exercised an influence upon their respective +literatures; and, lastly, those of all the more important artists of +antiquity. In the Mythological division may be noticed first, the +discrimination, hitherto not sufficiently attended to, between the Greek +and Roman mythology, and which in this volume is shown by giving an account +of the Greek divinities under their Greek names, and the Roman divinities +under their Latin names; and, secondly, what is of still more consequence, +the care to avoid as far as possible all indelicate allusions in the +respective histories of such divinities. Lastly, in the Geographical +portion of the work, and which will probably be found the most important +one, very few omissions will be discovered of names occurring in the chief +classical writers. This brief sketch of the contents of this _New Classical +Dictionary_ will satisfy our readers that Dr. Smith has produced a volume, +not only of immense value to those who are entering upon their classical +studies, but one which will be found a most useful handbook to the scholar +and the more advanced student. + +_The Greek Church, A Sketch_, is the last of the Shilling Series in which +Mr. Appleyard has described {486} the different sections of Christendom, +with a view to their ultimate reunion. Like its predecessors, the volume is +amiable and interesting, but being historical rather than doctrinal, is +scarcely calculated to give the uninformed reader a very precise view of +the creed of the Greek Church. It may serve, however, to assure us that the +acrimony of religious discussion and the mutual jealousy of Church and +State, which disquiets so many minds at present, was more than matched in +the days of Constantine and Athanasius. + +The last part of the _Transactions of the Academy of Sciences_ of Berlin +contains two papers by Jacob Grimm, which will doubtless be perused with +great interest in this country. The one on the ancient practice of burning +the bodies of the dead (_Ueber das Verbrennen der Leichen_) will be of +especial interest to English antiquaries; but the other, from its connexion +with the great educational questions which now occupy so much of public +attention, will probably be yet more attractive. It is entitled, _Ueber +Schuele Universitaet Academie_. Separate copies of these Essays may be +procured from Messrs. Williams and Norgate. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (Wellington Street, Strand) will sell on +Monday next and two following days the valuable Dramatic and Miscellaneous +Library of the late John Fullarton, Esq., which contains an extensive +collection of the early editions of the Old English Dramatists. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle +Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 21. for 1850, of Antiquarian, +Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; William Heath's +(291/2, Lincoln Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 6. for 1850, of Valuable +Second-hand Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List of very Cheap Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +LAW'S LETTERS TO BISHOP HOADLEY. + +MILLES, REV. ISAAC, ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND CONVERSATION OF, 1721. + +BRAY, REV. T., PUBLIC SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIFE AND DESIGNS OF, 8vo. +1746. + +HUET'S COMMERCE OF THE ANCIENTS, 1717. + +VINCE'S ASTRONOMY, 3 Vols. 1808. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +JEEDEE. _Notwithstanding Dr. Parr's assertion to the contrary, the _MALLEUS +MALEFICARUM_ is by no means an uncommon book, as may be seen by a reference +to Gruesse _(Bibliotheca Magica, p. 32.)_, where upwards of a dozen editions +are enumerated, and a table of its contents may be seen. The work has been +very fully analysed in the second volume of Horst's Daemonomagie, and, if we +remember rightly, its history is told by Soldan in his _Gesch. der +Hexenprocesse. + +R.H. (Trin. Coll. Dub.) _will see that it is impossible to adopt his kind +suggestion without spoiling the uniformity of the work. We have a bound +copy of our First Volume now before us, and can assure him that, although +the margin is necessarily narrow the book has not been spoilt by the +binder._ + +J.S. Nortor _or _Nawter_ is only the provincial mode of pronouncing +_neatherd_. The _Nolt_ market is the ancient name of a street in +Newcastle--the cattle-market. See Brockett's _Gloss. of North Country +Words_, s.v. _NOWT_ or _NOLT. + +A.H. (Stoke Newington). "Limbeck" _is used by Shakspeare for _"Alembic;"_ +and in the passage in Macbeth_,-- + + "That memory, the warder of the brain, + Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason + A limbeck only." + +Receipt _is used in the sense of _receptacle_; and (we quote from one of +the commentators)_, "The _limbeck_ is the vessel through which distilled +liquors pass into the recipients. So shall it be with memory, through which +every thing shall pass, and nothing remain." + +DJEDALEME TEBEYR. _Some of our correspondent's articles would, we have no +doubt, have appeared ere this, but for the difficulty of deciphering his +handwriting. Our correspondents little know how greatly they would +facilitate our labours by writing more legibly._ + +_Errata._--P. 406, col. 2. l. 45, for "vingto" read "MSto;" l. 48, for +"indefe_n_sus" read "indefe_s_sus." P. 469, col. 1. lines 44, 50, and 53, +for "Litt_ers_" read "Litt_us_." + +In the advertisement of Mr. Appleyard's _Greek Church_, in our last Number, +p. 471, for "Darling, Great _Cullen_ Street," read "Darling, Great _Queen_ +Street." + + * * * * * + + +Labitzky's quadrille of all nations, dedicated by special permission to +H.R.H. Prince Albert, performed Eighteen consecutive Nights at the GRAND +NATIONAL CONCERTS, and invariably encored twice or three times nightly +_[some words illegible]_ 4s.; Piano Duet, 6s., Orchestra, 8s. On Order of +all good Music-sellers, and of the Publishers, MESSRS. R. COCKS AND CO., +New Burlington Street, London, Publishers to Her Most Gracious Majesty. + +N.B.--Just published, COCKS'S MUSICAL MISCELLANY, for October, November, +and December. 2d. each; stamped 3d. each. + + * * * * * + +DR. WORDSWORTH'S TREATISE ON THE CHURCH, SIXTH EDITION. + +In crown 8vo., price 8s. 6d., the Sixth Edition of THEOPHILUS ANGLICANUS; +or, Instruction concerning the CHURCH, and the Anglican Branch of it. For +the Use of Schools, Colleges, and Candidates for Holy Orders. By CHR. +WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster. + +RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; Of whom may be had, + +1. ELEMENTS OF INSTRUCTION CONCERNING THE CHURCH. By the SAME AUTHOR. 3s. +6d. + +2. CATECHESIS; or, Christian Instruction preparatory to CONFIRMATION, and +FIRST COMMUNION. By the Rev. CHARLES WORDSWORTH, M.A. 5s. 6d. + + * * * * * + +Foreign books gratis and post free.--A CATALOGUE of very Cheap Second-hand +FOREIGN BOOKS, in all European Languages, has just been issued by FRANZ +THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, (German Circulating Library), 88. New Bond +Street. The Catalogue will be forwarded to those who will favour MR. THIMM +with their addresses. + + * * * * * + +{487} NOW READY, + +CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART-WORKMANSHIP, IN GOLD, SILVER, STEEL, BRONZE, IVORY, +WOOD, GLASS, LEATHER, EARTHENWARE, &c. + +UPWARDS OF SIXTY EXAMPLES SELECTED FROM THE EXHIBITION OF ANCIENT AND +MEDIAEVAL ART AT THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, DRAWN AND ENGRAVED UNDER THE +SUPERINTENDENCE OF PHILIP DE LA MOTTE. + +Elegantly Bound in Cloth, with Gilt Bosses, in fac-simile of an Ancient +Venetian Binding. + + Imperial Octavo, bound in cloth with bosses ... 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Wellington Street, Strand, on FRIDAY, December 20, 1850, and +following day, at One o'clock precisely, the VALUABLE LIBRARY of the late +JAMES BROWN, Esq., for many years a Clerk in the General Post Office, +comprising Comte Lamberg, Collection des Vases Grecs, expliquee et publiee +par La Borde, 2 vols., a beautiful and interesting work; La Borde, Voyage +Pittoresque en Autriche, 3 vols., plates finely coloured; La Borde, +Descripcion de un Pavimento de Mosayco, with coloured plates; the Fine +Picturesque Works of Coney, Neale, Haghe, Lawis, Mueller, Nash, and Wilkie, +all fine and picked sets, complete; an Interesting Collection of +Illustrious and Noble Foreigners, arranged in 5 vols.; Genealogical +Illustrations of the Ancient Family of Gruee, a splendid Heraldic +Manuscript, written by P. Absalom, Esq.; Dugdale, History of St. Paul's, +fine copy, illustrated with extra portraits; Illustrations of the Noble +family of Howard, finely emblazoned by P. Absalom, illustrated with upwards +of seventy scarce portraits of the family; Lysons, Magna Britannia, 8 vols. +in 9; Equestrian Portraits of the Family of Nassau and Orange, the Fine +Work on Early German Stained Glass, published by Weale; Chalmers, General +Biographical Dictionary, 32 vols. half russia; Lodge, Portraits of +Illustrious Persons, 12 vols.; Neale. Views of the Seats in Great Britain; +Sir W. Scott, Novels and Tales, 25 vols., fine copy, in calf, marbled +leaves; Shaw, General Zoology, coloured plates, 30 vols. + +To be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on +receipt of Six Postage Stamps. + + * * * * * + +MR. DOYLE'S CHRISTMAS BOOK. + +THE STORY OF JACK AND THE GIANTS. + +With Forty Illustrations by RICHARD DOYLE. Engraved by G. and E. DALZIEL. +Small 4to., price 2s. 6d. ornamental wrapper; 3s. 6d. cloth; coloured, gilt +edges, 6s. + +CUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. 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Reprinted +from _The Times_, with an Advertisement on the subject of the WESTMINSTER +SPIRITUAL AID FUND, and more especially on the Duty and Justice of applying +the Revenues of the suspended Stalls of the Abbey for the adequate +Endowment of the District Churches in the immediate neighbourhood. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; MESSRS. RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's +Church-yard, and Waterloo Place; and THOMAS HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly; and +_by Order_ of all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + +CHOICE COLLECTION OF AUTOGRAPHS OF THE LATE S. GEORGE CHRISTISON, +ESQ.--THREE DAYS' SALE. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioners of Literary Property, will Sell by Auction +at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Thursday, Dec. 19, and two +following days, the very choice Collection of Autograph Letters of the late +S. 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