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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 21, 2005 [EBook #15427] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith +Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 473 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page473" id="page473"></a>{473}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="25%"> + <b>No. 59.</b> + </td> + <td align="center" width="50%"> + <b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14. 1850.</b> + </td> + <td align="right" width="25%"> + <b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="single" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td align="left" width="94%"> + NOTES:— + </td> + <td align="left" width="5%"> + Page + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + The First Paper-mill in England, by Dr. E.F. Rimbault + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page473">473</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Specimens of Foreign English + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page474">474</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Folk Lore:—May-dew—Piskies—The Dun Cow—Lady + Godiva—"Can du plera meleor cera" + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page474">474</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Notes—Circulation of the Blood—Origin of the Word + "Culprit"—Collar of SS.—The Singing of Swans—Sir + Thomas Herbert's Memoirs—Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and + Bunyan—Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is + White—Nicholas Bretons Fantasticks + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page475">475</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + QUERIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + The Wise Men of Gotham + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page476">476</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Herstmonceux Castle + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page477">477</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Minor Queries:—Yorkshire Ballads—Ringing a Hand-bell + before a Corpse—Church of St. Savior, Canterbury—Mock + Beggar's Hall—Beatrix Lady Talbot—English Prize + Essays—Rev. Joseph Blanco White—History of the + Inquisition—Lady Deloraine—Speke Family—Pope's + Villa—Armorial Bearings—Passage From + Tennyson—Meaning of "Sauenap"—Hoods worn by Doctors of + the University of Cambridge—Euclid and + Aristotle—Ventriloquism—Fanningus, the King's + Whisperer—Frances Lady Norton—Westminster + Wedding—Stone's Diary—Dr. King's poem of "The + Toast"—"Anima Magis" etc.—The Adventures of Peter + Wilkins—Translations of the Talmud—Torn by + Horses—The Marks *, †, ‡, + &c.—Blackguard + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page478">478</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + REPLIES:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Church History Society, by S.R. Maitland + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page480">480</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Defender of the Faith, by W.S. Gibson + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page481">481</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Meaning of Jezebel + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page482">482</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Socinian Boast, by J.R. Beard + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page483">483</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Replies to Minor Queries:—The König stuhl at Rheuze —Mrs. + Tempest—Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish + Churches—The Conquest—Thruscross—Osnaburgh + Bishopric—Nicholas Ferrar—Butcher's Blue + Dress—Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve—Lady Jane of + Westmoreland—Gray and Dodsley + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page484">484</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + MISCELLANEOUS:— + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page485">485</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page486">486</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Notices to Correspondents + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page486">486</a> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> + Advertisements + </td> + <td align="left"> + <a href="#page486">486</a> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>NOTES.</h2> + +<h3>THE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND.</h3> + + <p>In the year 1588, a paper-mill was established at Dartford, in Kent, + by John Spilman, "jeweller to the Queen." The particulars of this mill + are recorded in a poem by Thomas Churchyard, published shortly after its + foundation, under the following title:—</p> + + <p>"A description and playne discourse of paper, and the whole benefits + that paper brings, with rehearsall, and setting foorth in verse a + paper-myll built near Darthforth, by an high Germaine, called Master + Spilman, jeweller to the Queene's Majyestie."</p> + + <p>The writer says:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"(Then) he that made for us a paper-mill,</p> + <p>Is worthy well of love and worldes good will,</p> + <p>And though his name be <i>Spill-man</i>, by degree,</p> + <p>Yet <i>Help</i>-man now, he shall be called by mee.</p> + <p>Six hundred men are set at work by him,</p> + <p>That else might starve, or seeke abroade their bread;</p> + <p>Who now live well, and go full brave and trim,</p> + <p>And who may boast <i>they</i> are with paper fed."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In another part of the poem Churchyard adds:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"An high Germaine he is, as may be proovde,</p> + <p>In Lyndoam Bodenze, borne and bred,</p> + <p>And for this mille, may heere be truly lovde,</p> + <p>And praysed, too, for deep device of head."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is a common idea that this was the first paper-mill erected in + England; and we find an intelligent modern writer, Mr. J.S. Burn, in his + <i>History of the Foreign Refugees</i>, repeating the same erroneous + statement. At page 262, of his curious and interesting work be says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The county of Kent has been long famed for its manufacture of paper. + It was at Dartford, in this county, that paper was <i>first made</i> in + England."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>But it is proved beyond all possibility of doubt that a paper-mill + existed in England almost a century before the date of the establishment + at Dartford. In Henry VII.'s <i>Household Book</i>, we have the + following:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1498. For a rewarde geven at the pulper-mylne, 16<i>s.</i> + 8<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1499. Geven in rewarde to Tate of the Mylne, 6<i>s.</i> + 8<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And in <i>Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum</i>, printed by Wynkyn + de Worde in 1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the + county of Hertford, belonging to JOHN TATE the younger, which was + undoubtedly the "mylne" visited by Henry VII.</p> + + <p>The water-mark used by John Tate was an eight-pointed star within a + double circle. In the <!-- Page 474 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page474" id="page474"></a>{474}</span> twelfth volume of the + <i>Archæeologia</i>, p. 114., is a variety of fac-similes of water-marks + used by our early paper makers, exhibited in five large plates, but is + not a little singular that the mark of John Tate is omitted.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SPECIMENS OF FOREIGN ENGLISH.</h3> + + <p>The accompanying specimens of foreign English you may perhaps consider + worth a corner among the minor curiosities of literature:—</p> + + <p><i>Basle.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Bains ordinaires et artificiels, tenu par B. Sigemund, Dr. in + medicine, Basle. In this new erected establishment, which the Owner + recommends best to all foreigners are to have,—Ordinary and artful + baths, russia and sulphury bagnios, pumpings, artful mineral waters, + gauze lemonads, fournished apartments for patients."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Cologne.</i> Title-page in lithograph.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"<i>Remembrance on the Cathedral of Cologne.</i>—A collection of + his most remarkable monumens, so as of the most artful ornamous and + precious hilts of his renaconed tresory. Draconed and lithographed by + Gerhardt Levy Elkan and Hallersch, collected by Gerhd. Emans."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Augsburg</i>, Drei Mohren Hotel. Entry in travellers' book.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"January 28. 1815.—His Grace Arthur Wellesley, Duke of + Wellington, &c. &c. &c. Great honour arrived at the beginning + of this year to the three Moors: this illustrious warrior, whose glorious + atchievements, which, cradled in Asia, have filled Europe with his + renown, descended in it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Mount Etna.</i> Printed notice found attached to the wall of one of + the rooms in the Casa degl' Inglesi, Mount Etna, October, 1844:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"In consequence of the damage suffered in the house called English set + on the Etna for the reprehensible conduct of some persons there + recovered, the following provisional regulations are prescribed, + authorized, and granted to M. Gemmellaro<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, who has the key + of the mentioned house for his labour, honour, and money spent to finish + such edifice, besides his kind reception for travellers curious to visit + the mountain.</p> + + <p>I. Any person desirous to get the key of the house is requested to + apply to M.G., and in case of his absence, to ... signing his name, + title, and country, in the same time tell the guide's and muleteer's + name, just to drive away those have been so rough to spoil the moveables + and destroy the stables ... are the men to be particularly remarked.</p> + + <p>II. Nobody is admitted without a certificate of M.G., which will + assure to have received his name, &c. &c., except those are known + by the fore-going strangers.</p> + + <p>III. According to the afore-mentioned articles, nobody will take the + liberty to go in the house and force the lock of the door: he will really + suffer the most severe punishment fixed against violence.</p> + + <p>IV. Is not permitted to any body to put mules in the rooms destined + for the use of people, notwithstanding the insufficiency of stables. It + is forbidden likewise to dirtes the walls with pencil or coal. M.G. will + procure a blank book for those learned people curious to write their + observations. A particular care must be taken for the moveables settled + in the house.</p> + + <p>V. The house must be left clean and without fire, to avoid + conflagration; it is forbidden to leave rooms or windows opened, as the + house has been lately damaged by the winds, snow, sand, &c. &c.; + the aforementioned A.D., M.N. are imputed of negligence and malice: + persons neglecting to execute the above article will be severely + punished, and are obliged to pay damages and expences.</p> + + <p>VI. As soon as the traveller returns at Nicolosi, either to S. Nicolo + l'Arena, will immediately deliver the key to M.G., as it commonly happens + that foreigners are waiting for it. A certificate must be likewise + delivered, declaring that the afore-mentioned regulations have been + exactly executed. It is likewise proper and just to reward M. Gem. for + the expense of moveables, money, &c, &c., and for the advantage + travellers may get to examine the Volcan, for better than Empedocli, + Amodei, Fazelli, Brydon, Spallanzani, and great many others. M. Gemm. has + lately been authorized to deny the key whenever is unkindly requested. He + is also absolutely obliged to inform the gen. of the army, who is + determined to punish with rigour their insolence."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Mount Sinai.</i>—(On the fly-leaf of the travellers' + book.)</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Here in too were inscribed as in one legend, all whose in the rule of + the year come from different parts, different cities and countries, + pilgrims and travellers of any different rank and religion or profession, + for advise and notice thereof to their posterity, and even also in owr + own of memory acknowledging. 1845, Mount Sinai."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">VIATOR.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>The name of this gentleman will be recognised by some of the readers + of NOTES AND QUERIES as that of a most indefatigable explorer of the + wonders of the mountain, and the author, in the <i>Transactions of the + Catanian Academy</i>., of excellent descriptions of its recent + eruptions.</p> + +</div> +<hr /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>May-dew.</i>—Every one has heard of the virtues of "May-dew," + but perhaps the complex superstition following may be less generally + known. A respectable tradesman's wife in this town (Launceston) tells me + that the poor people here say that a swelling in the neck may be cured by + the patient's going <i>before sunrise</i>, on the 1st of May, to the + grave of the last young man who has been buried in the church-yard, and + applying the dew, gathered by passing the hand <i>three times</i> from + the <!-- Page 475 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page475" + id="page475"></a>{475}</span> head to the foot of the grave, to the part + affected by the ailment.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> This was told me yesterday in reply + to a question, whether the custom of gathering "May-dew" is still + prevailing here. I may as well add, that the common notion of improving + the complexion by washing the face with the early dew in the fields on + the 1st of May extensively prevails in these parts; and they say that a + child who is weak in the back may be cured by drawing him over the grass + wet with the morning dew. The experiment must be thrice performed, that + is, on the mornings of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May. I find no allusion + to these specific applications of "May-dew" in Ellis's <i>Brand</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">H.G.T.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>If the patient be a woman, the grave chosen must be that of the last + young man buried, and that of the last young woman in the case of a man + patient.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Piskies.</i>—An old woman, the wife of a respectable farmer + at a place called "Colmans," in the parish of Werrington, near + Launceston, has frequently told my informant before-mentioned of a + "piskey" (for <i>so</i>, and not <i>pixy</i>, the creature is called + <i>here</i>, as well as in parts of Devon) which frequently <i>made its + appearance</i> in the form of small child in the kitchen of the + farm-house, where the inmates were accustomed to set a little stool for + it. It would do a good deal of household work, but if the hearth and + chimney corner were not kept neatly swept, it would pinch the maid. The + piskey would often come into the kitchen and sit on its little stool + before the fire, so that the old lady had many opportunities of seeing + it. Indeed it was a familiar guest in the house for many months. At last + it left the family under these circumstances. One evening it was sitting + on the stool as usual, when it suddenly started, looked up, and + said,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Piskey fine, and Piskey gay,</p> + <p>Now Piskey! run away!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and vanished; after which it never appeared again. This distich is the + first utterance of a piskey I have heard.</p> + + <p>The word "fine" put me in mind of the expression "<i>fine</i> spirit," + "<i>fine</i> Ariel," &c., noticed by DR. KENNEDY lately in NOTES AND + QUERIES (Vol. ii., p. 251.). It is worth notice that the people here seem + to entertain no doubt as to the identity of piskies and fairies. Indeed I + am told, that the old woman before mentioned called her guest + indifferently "piskey" or "fairy."</p> + + <p>The country people in this neighbourhood sometimes put a prayer-book + under a child's pillow as a charm to keep away the piskies. I am told + that a poor woman near Launceston was fully persuaded that one of her + children was taken away and a piskey substituted, the disaster being + caused by the absence of the prayer-book on one particular night. This + story reminds me of the "killcrop."</p> + + <p class="author">H.G.T.</p> + + <p>1. The <i>dun cow</i> of Dunsmore filled with milk every vessel that + was brought to her till an envious witch tried to milk her in a + sieve.</p> + + <p>2. <i>Lady Godiva.</i>—A close-fitting dress might suggest the + idea of nudity; but was not the horse borrowed from the warrior Lady of + Mercia Ethelfleda?</p> + + <p>3. CAN DU PLERA MELEOR CERA. Quand Dieu plaira meilleur sera. Charm on + a ring, olim penes W. Hamper, F.A.S.</p> + + <p class="author">F.Q.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> + + <p><i>Circulation of the Blood.</i>—About twenty-five years since, + being in a public library in France, a learned physician pointed out to + me in the works of the Venerable Bede a passage in which the fact of the + circulation of the blood appeared to him and myself to be clearly stated. + I regret that I did not, at the time, "make a note of it," and that I + cannot now refer to it, not having access to a copy of Bede: and I now + mention it in hopes that some of your correspondents may think it worth + while to make it a subject of research.</p> + + <p class="author">J. MN.</p> + + <p><i>Culprit, Origin of the Word.</i>—Long ago I made this note, + that this much used English word was of French extraction, and that it + was "<i>qu'il paruit</i>," from the short way the clerk of the court has + of pronouncing his words; for our pleadings were formerly in French, and + when the pleadings were begun, he said to the defendant "<i>qu'il + parait</i>"—culprit; and as he was generally culpable, the + "<i>qu'il parait</i>" became a synonyme with offender.</p> + + <p class="author">T.</p> + + <p>Cambridge.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[Does not our ingenious correspondent point at the more correct origin + of <i>culprit</i>, when he speaks of the defendant being "generally + <i>culpable?</i>"]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Collar of SS.</i>—In the volume of Bury Wills just issued by + the Camden Society, is an engraving from the decorations of the chantry + chapel in St. Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmund's, of John Baret, who died + in 146-; in which the collar is represented as SS in the upright form set + on a collar of leather or other material. It is described in the will as + "my collar of the king's livery." John Baret, says the editor of the + Wills, was a lay officer of the monastery of St. Edmund, probably + treasurer, and was deputed to attend Henry VI. on the occasion of the + king's long visit to that famed monastic establishment in 14—.</p> + + <p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> + + <p><i>The Singing of Swans.</i>—"It would," says Bishop Percy + (Mallet's <i>North. Antiq.</i>, ii. p. 72.), "be a curious subject of + disquisition, to inquire what could have given rise to so arbitrary and + groundless a notion as the singing of swans," <!-- Page 476 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page476" id="page476"></a>{476}</span> which + "hath not wanted assertors from almost every nation." (Sir T. + Browne.)</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Not in more swelling whiteness sails</p> + <p>Cayster's swan to western gales, <a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> + <p>When the melodious murmur sings</p> + <p>'Mid her slow-heav'd voluptuous wings."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">T.J.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>"It was an ancient notion that the music of the swan was produced by + its wings, and inspired by the zephyr. See this subject, treated with his + accustomed erudition, by Mr. Jodrell, in his <i>Illustrations of the Ion + of Euripides</i>."—Bulwer's <i>Siamese Twins</i>.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs.</i>—In consequence of the + suggestion of <span lang="el" title="D." >Δ.</span> (Vol. ii., p. + 220.), I have applied to the owner of Sir T. Herbert's MS. account of the + last days of Charles I., and the answer which I have received is as + follows:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"I found the first part of Sir Thos. Herbert's MS. (56 pages) is not + in the edition of Woods <i>Athenæ</i> Lord W. has; but I found a note in + a pedigree book, saying it was printed in 1702, 8vo. I suppose it can be + ascertained whether this is true."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps some of your readers may know whether there is such a volume + in existence as that described by my friend.</p> + + <p class="author">ALFRED GATTY.</p> + + <p><i>Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan.</i>—The plan of + "NOTES AND QUERIES" appears well adapted to record the change of hands + into which portraits of literary men may pass. I accordingly offer two to + your notice.</p> + + <p>The portrait of George Stevens, the celebrated annotator on + Shakspeare, who died in 1800, was bequeathed by him to a relative, Mrs. + Gomm of Spital Square; and at that lady's death, some years after, it + passed, I have reason to expect, into the possession of her relative, Mr. + Fince, of Bishopsgate Street. I have no farther information of it.</p> + + <p>The portrait of Charles Cotton, by Sir Peter Lely, was, at the time + (1814) when Linnell took a copy, and (in 1836) when Humphreys took a + copy, in the possession of John Berisford, Esq., of Compton House, + Ashborne, Derbyshire; and the following extracts of letters will show who + at present possesses it:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Leek, 14th July, 1842.</p> + + <p>"After Mr. Berisford's decease, I should think the portrait of Cotton + would fall into the hands of his nephew Francis Wright, Esq., of Linton + Hall, near Nottingham.</p> + + <p>I am, &c. &c"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Linton Hall, Aug. 19. 1842.</p> + + <p>"Sir,—The Rev. J. Martin, of Trinity College, Cambridge, is the + possessor of the portrait of Cotton to which your letter alludes. I am, + Dear Sir,</p> + + <p>"Yours, in haste,</p> + + <p>"F. WRIGHT."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I avail myself of the present opportunity to ask the authority for the + portrait of Bunyan appended to his ever-fresh allegory. The engraved + portrait I have has not the name of the painter.</p> + + <p class="author">O.W.</p> + + <p><i>Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is White.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"It has been said of many, they were quite</p> + <p class="i2">Prepared to prove (I do not mean in fun)</p> + <p>That white was really black, and black was white;</p> + <p class="i2">But I believe it has not yet been done.</p> + <p>Black (Saxon, Blac) in any way to liken</p> + <p class="i2">With <i>candour</i> may seem almost out of reach;</p> + <p>Yet <i>whiten</i> is in kindred German <i>bleichen</i>,</p> + <p class="i2">Undoubtedly identical with <i>bleach</i>:</p> + <p>This last verb's cognate adjective is <i>bleak</i>—</p> + <p class="i2">Reverting to the Saxon, <i>bleak</i> is blæk. <a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p> + <p>A semivowel is, at the last squeak,</p> + <p class="i2">All that remains such difference wide to make—</p> + <p>The hostile terms of keen antithesis</p> + <p>Brought to an <i>E plus ultra</i> all but kiss!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">MEZZOTINTO.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>Pronounced (as <i>black</i> was anciently written) <i>blake</i>.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks</i>, 1626.—MR. HEBER says, "Who + has seen another copy?" In Tanner's Collection in the Bodleian Library is + one copy, and in the British Museum is another, the latter from Mr. + Bright's Collection.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[Another copy is in the valuable collection of the Rev. T. Corser. See + that gentleman's communication on Nicholas Breton, in our First Vol., p. + 409.]</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> + +<h3>THE WISE MEN OF GOTHAM.</h3> + + <p>An ill-starred town in England seems to have enjoyed so unenviable a + reputation for some centuries for the folly and stupidity of its + inhabitants, that I am induced to send you the following Query (with the + reasons on which it is founded) in the hope that some of your readers may + be able to help one to a solution.</p> + + <p>Query: Why have the men of <i>Gotham</i> been long famous for their + extreme folly?</p> + + <p>My authorities are,—</p> + + <p>1. The Nursery Rhyme,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Three wise men of <i>Gotham</i></p> + <p>Went to sea in a bowl;</p> + <p>If the bowl had been stronger,</p> + <p>My story would have been longer."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>2. <i>Drunken Barnaby's Journal</i> (edit. London, 1822, p. 25.), + originally printed 1774, London:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Veni <i>Gotham</i>, ubi multos</p> + <p>Si non omnes, vidi stultos,</p> + <p>Nam scrutando reperi unam</p> + <p>Salientem contra lunam</p> + <p>Alteram nitidam puellam</p> + <p>Offerentem porco sellam."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Thence to <i>Gotham</i>, where, sure am I,</p> + <p>If, <i>though</i> not all fools, saw I many;</p> + <p>Here a she-bull found I prancing,</p> + <p>And in moonlight nimbly dancing;</p> + <p>There another wanton mad one,</p> + <p>Who her hog was set astride on."</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 477 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page477" id="page477"></a>{477}</span></p> + + <p>3. In the "Life of Robin Hood" prefixed to Ritson's <i>Collection of + Ballads concerning Robin Hood</i> (People's edit. p. 27.), the following + story, extracted from <i>Certaine Merry Tales of the Madmen of + Gottam</i>, by Dr. Andrew Borde, an eminent physician, temp. Hen. VIII. + (Black letter), in Bodleian Library, occurs:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"There was two men of <i>_Gottam</i>, and the one of them was going to + the market to Nottingham to buy sheepe, and the other came from the + market; and both met together upon Nottingham bridge. Well met, said the + one to the other. Whither be yee going? said he that came from + Nottingham. Marry, said he that was going thither, I goe to the market to + buy sheepe. Buy sheepe? said the other, and which way wilt thou bring + them home? Marry, said the other, I will bring them over this bridge. By + Robin Hood, said he that came from Nottingham, but thou shalt not. By + Maid Marrion, said he that was going thitherward, but I will. Thou shalt + not, said the one. I will, said the other. Ter here! said the one. Shue + there! said the other. Then they beat their staves against the ground, + one against the other, as there had been an hundred sheepe betwixt them. + Hold in, said the one. Beware the leaping over the bridge of any sheepe, + said the other. I care not, said the other. They shall not come this way, + said the one. But they shall, said the other. Then said the other, and if + that thou make much to doe, I will put my finger in thy mouth. A t..d + thou wilt, said the other. And as they were at their contention, another + man of <i>Gottam</i> came from the market with a sack of meale upon a + horse, and seeing and hearing his neighbours at strife for sheepe, and + none betwixt them, said, Ah, fooles, will you never learn wit? Helpe me, + said he that had the meale, and lay my sacke upon my shoulder. They did + so and he went to the one side of the bridge, and unloosed the mouth of + the sacke, and did shake out all his meale into the river. Now, + neighbours, said the mall, how much meale is there in my sacke now? + Marry, there is none at all, said they. Now, by my faith, said he, even + as much wit as in your two heads, to strive for that thing you have not. + Which was the wisest of all these three persons, judge you?"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>4. Tom Coryat, in an oration to the Duke of York (afterwards Chas. + I.), called <i>Crambe, or Colwarts twice sodden</i> (London, 1611), has + this passage:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"I came to Venice, and quickly took a survey of the whole model of the + city, together with the most remarkable matters thereof; and shortly + after any arrival in England I overcame any adversaries in the Town of + Evill, in my native county of Somersetshire, who thought to have sunk me + in a bargain of pilchards, as the <i>wise men of Gottam</i> went about to + drown an eel."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>5. Dr. More's <i>Antidote against Atheism</i>, cap. ii. § 14.:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"But because so many bullets joggled together in a man's hat will + settle a determinate figure, or because the frost and wind will draw upon + doors and glass windows pretty uncouth streaks like feathers and other + fooleries which are to no use or purpose, try infer thence, that all the + contrivances that are in nature, even the frame of the bodies, both of + men and beasts, are from no other principle but the jumbling together of + the matter, and so because that this doth naturally effect something, + that is the cause of all things, seems to me to be reasoning in the same + mood and figure with that wise market man's, who, going down a hill and + carrying his cheeses under his arms, one of them falling and trundling + down the hill very fast, let the other go after it appointing them all to + meet him at his house at <i>Gotham</i>, not doubting but they beginning + so hopefully, would be able to make good the whole journey; or like + another of the same town, who perceiving that his iron trevet he had + bought had three feet, and could stand, expected also that it should walk + too, and save him the labour of the carriage."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>6. Col. T. Perronet Thompson's Works, vol. ii. p. 236., + <i>Anti-Corn-Law Tracts</i>:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"If fooleries of this kind go on, <i>Gotham</i> will be put in + Schedule A., and the representation of Unreason transferred into the West + Riding."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J.R.M., M.A.</p> + + <p>K.C.L. Nov. 26. 1850.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HERSTMONCEUX CASTLE.</h3> + + <p>Can you find an early place in your pages for the following Queries + relative to the history of Herstmonceux Castle and its lords, on which a + memoir is in preparation for the next volume of the collections of the + Sussex Archæological Society.</p> + + <p>1. Who was Pharamuse of Boulogne, father of Sybil de Tingry? He is + called the <i>nephew</i> of Maud, King Stephen's wife; but I believe + there is no doubt that she was the only child and sole heir of Eustace + Earl of Boulogne, brother of Godfrey, King of Jerusalem. Where is + <i>Tingry</i>, of which place he was lord? Is there any place in the + North of France bearing that name now?</p> + + <p>2. Will any one well skilled in the interpretation of ancient legal + documents furnish some explanation of the following extracts from the + <i>Rotul. de Fin.</i> (Hardy, i. 19.):—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1199. William de Warburton and Ingelram de Monceux give 500 marks to + the king for having the inheritance of Juliana, wife of William, son of + Aymer, whose next of kin they say they are."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Yet six years later, 1205 (Hardy, i. 310 )—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Waleran de Monceux gives 100 marks for having the reasonable + (rationabilis) part of the inheritance of Juliana, as regards (versus) + Wm. de Warburton, William and Waleran being her next of kin."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This Waleran was son of Idonea <i>de Herst</i> (now Herst Monceux), + and appears in other documents as "Waleran <i>de Herst</i>." The land in + question was in <i>Compton</i> (afterwards Compton <i>Monceux</i>), + Hants.</p> + + <p>Now how are we to reconcile the two above-quoted documents? What was + the connexion <!-- Page 478 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page478" + id="page478"></a>{478}</span> between Ingelram and Waleran? And how is + Waleran's double appellation to be explained? I see a reference to a + family named <i>de Mounceaux</i> in the last number of the + <i>Archæological Journal</i>, p. 300., holding a manor near Hawbridge, + Somerset Were they of the same stock?</p> + + <p>3. The magnificent monument in Herstmonceux church to Thomas Lord + Dacre (who died 1534), and his eldest son, is embellished with a + considerable number of coats of arms, several of which I am unable to + identity with any connexions of the family. These are,—(1.) Sable, + a cross or; (2.) Barry of six, ar. and az., a bend gules; (3.) Arg. a + fesse gules; (4.) Quarterly or, and gules, an escarbuncle sable; (5.) + Barry of six, arg. and gules; (6.) Azure, an orle of martlets or, on an + inescutcheon arg. three bass gules.</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers, acquainted with the Dacre and Fienes + pedigrees, appropriate any of these coats?</p> + + <p>4. A suite of small bed-rooms, and the gallery from which they opened, + in Herstmonceux Castle, were called respectively the <i>Bethlem + Chambers</i> and <i>Bethlem Gallery</i>: is any instance of a similar + denomination of apartments known, and can the reason be assigned?</p> + + <p>5. Sir Roger Fienes, the builder of Herstmonceux Castle, accompanied + Henry V. to Agincourt. Are any references to him to be found in Sir H. + Nicolas' <i>Battle of Azincourt</i>, or elsewhere?</p> + + <p>6. Francis Lord Dacre was one of the noble twelve who had the courage + to appear in their places in the House of Lords and reject the ordinance + for the trial of Charles I. His son Thomas, who married the daughter of + Charles II. by the Duchess of Cleveland, and was created Earl of Sussex, + was compelled through his extravagance to alienate the castle and manor + of Herstmonceux. Are there any references to either of these peers, who + played a not inconspicuous part in the events of their times, in any of + the contemporary memoirs? Any information on any of the above points + would greatly oblige</p> + + <p class="author">E.V.</p> + + <p>Herstmonceux, Nov. 18.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MINOR QUERIES</h3>. + + <p><i>Yorkshire Ballads.</i>—Any of your readers would confer a + great favour by referring me to any early Yorkshire ballads, or ballads + relating to places in Yorkshire, not reprinted in the ordinary + collections, such as Percy, Evans, &c. I am of course acquainted with + those in the Roxburghe collection.</p> + + <p class="author">H.</p> + + <p><i>Ringing a Handbell before a Corpse.</i>—Is it true that + whenever an interment takes place in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, the + corpse is preceded on its way to the grave by a person who rings a small + handbell at intervals, each time giving a few tinkling strokes? My + informant on this subject was an Oxford undergraduate, who said that he + had recently witnessed the burials both of Mr. ——, a late + student of Christ Church, and of Miss ——, daughter of a + living bishop: and he assured me that in both cases this ceremony was + observed. Certainly it is possible to go through the academical course at + Oxford without either hearing the bell, or knowing of its use on such + occasions: but I should now be glad to receive some explanation of this + singular custom.</p> + + <p class="author">A.G.</p> + + <p>Ecclesfield.</p> + + <p><i>Church of St. Saviour, Canterbury.</i>—Tradition, I believe, + has uniformly represented that an edifice more ancient, but upon the + present site of St. Martin's, Canterbury, was used by St. Augustine and + his followers in the earliest age of Christianity in this country. St. + Martin's has, on that account, been often spoken of as the mother-church + of England. Lately, however, in perusing the fourth volume of Mr. + Kemble's <i>Codex Diplomaticus</i>, p. 1. I find a charter of King + Canute, of the year 1018, which states the church of ST. SAVIOUR, + <i>Canterbury</i>, to be the mother-church of England:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Æcclesia Salvatoris in Dorobernia sita, omnium Æcclesiarum regni + Angligeni <i>mater et domina</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In none of the histories of Kent or of Canterbury can I find any + mention of a church dedicated to St. Saviour. May I beg the favour of you + to insert this among your Notes?</p> + + <p class="author">HENRY ELLIS.</p> + + <p><i>Mock Beggar's Hall.</i>—What is the origin of this name as + applied to some old mansions? One at Wallasey, in Cheshire, was so named, + and another near Ipswich, in Suffolk. And what is the earliest instance + of the title?</p> + + <p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> + + <p><i>Beatrix Lady Talbot.</i>—Since the publication of Sir Harris + Nicolas' able contribution to the <i>Collectanea Topographica et + Genealogica</i> (vol. i. pp. 80-90.) no one may be excused for + confounding, as Dugdale and his followers had done, Beatrix Lady Talbot + with Donna Beatrix, daughter of John, King of Portugal, to whom Thomas + FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, was married, 26th Nov., 1405. What I now wish + to learn is, whether anything has since been discovered to elucidate + further the pedigree of Lady Talbot? It is evident that she was of + Portuguese origin; and it may be inferred from the quarterings on her + seal, as shown in a manuscript in the British Museum (1st and 4th arg., + five escutcheons in cross az., each charged with five plates in saltire, + for <i>Portugal</i>; and 2nd and 3rd az., five crescents in saltire, or), + that she was a member of the Portuguese family of Pinto, which is the + only house in Portugal that bears the five crescents in saltire, as + displayed on the seal.</p> + + <p class="author">SCOTUS.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 479 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page479" id="page479"></a>{479}</span></p> + + <p><i>English Prize Essays.</i>—Is there at present, in either of + the universities, or elsewhere, any prize, medal, or premium given for + English essays, for which all England could compete, irrespective of + birth, place of education, &c.; and, if so, particulars as to where + such could be obtained, would greatly oblige</p> + + <p class="author">MODEST AMBITION.</p> + + <p><i>Rev. Joseph Blanco White.</i>—<i>History of the + Inquisition.</i>—In the Rev. J.H. Thom's <i>Life of the Rev. Joseph + Blanco White</i> it is stated that he had made a collection for a history + of the Inquisition which he intended to publish; and in a batch of + advertisements preceding the first volume of Smedley's <i>Reformed + Religion in France</i>, published in 1832 by Rivingtons, as part of their + Theological Library. I find an announcement of other works to be included + in the series, and amongst others, already in preparation, <i>The Origin + and Growth of the Roman Catholic Inquisition against Heresy and + Apostacy</i>; by Joseph Blanco White, M.A. I need not ask whether the + work was <i>published</i>, for it is not to be found in the London + Catalogue; but I wish to ask whether any portion of the work was ever + placed in the publisher's hands, or ever printed; or whether he made any + considerable progress in the collection, and, if so, in whose hands the + MSS. are? Such papers, if they exist, would probably prove of too much + importance to allow of their remaining unpublished.</p> + + <p class="author">IOTA.</p> + + <p><i>Lady Deloraine.</i>—The <i>Delia</i> of Pope's line,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Slander or poison dread from <i>Delia's</i> rage,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>is supposed to have been Lady Deloraine, who remarried W. Windam, + Esq., of Carsham, and died in Oct., 1744. The person said to have been + poisoned was a Miss Mackenzie. Are the grounds of this strange suspicion + known?</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Speke Family.</i>—I shall be glad to ascertain the family + name and the armorial bearings of Alice, wife of Sir John Speke, father + of Sir John Speke, founder of the chapel of St. George in Exeter + Cathedral. She is said to have been maid of honour to Queen + Catherine.</p> + + <p class="author">J.D.S.</p> + + <p><i>Pope's Villa.</i>—In Pope's <i>Literary Correspondence</i>, + published by Curll, an engraving, is advertised of his (Pope's) Villa at + Twickenham, engraved by Rysbrach and published by Curll. Are any of your + correspondents aware of the existence of a copy, and the price at which + it can be obtained?</p> + + <p class="author">C. BATHURST W.</p> + + <p><i>Armorial Bearings.</i>—Among the numerous coats-armorial in + the great east window of the choir of Exeter Cathedral, there is one + respecting which I am at a loss. Argent a cross between four crescents + gules. Can either of your readers kindly afford the name?</p> + + <p class="author">J.D.S.</p> + + <p><i>Passage from Tennyson.</i>—You have so many correspondents + well versed in lore and legend, that I am induced to beg through you for + an explanation of the allusion contained in the following passage of + Tennyson:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Morn broaden'd on the borders of the dark,</p> + <p>Ere I saw her, who clasp'd in her last trance</p> + <p>Her murder'd father's head."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It occurs in the <i>Dream of Fair Women</i>, st. 67.</p> + + <p class="author">W.M.C.</p> + + <p>Cambridge.</p> + + <p><i>Sauenap, Meaning of.</i>—In the will of Jane Heryng, of Bury, + 1419, occurs this bequest:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"To Alyson my dowter, xl s. and ij pottys of bras neste the beste, and + a peyr bedys of blak <i>get</i>, and a grene hod, and a red hod, and a + gowne of violet, and another of tanne, and a towayll of diaper werk, and + a <i>sauenap</i>; also a cloke and rownd table."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What was the <i>sauenap</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> + + <p><i>Hoods worn by Doctors of the University of + Cambridge.</i>—Pray permit me to inquire, through your agency, what + is the proper lining of the scarlet cloth hoods worn by doctors in the + three faculties of the university of Cambridge? The robe-makers of + Cambridge have determined upon a pink or rose-coloured silk for all; the + London artists adopt a shot silk (light blue and crimson) sometimes for + all faculties, at others for Doctors in Divinity only. On ancient + monuments (there is one in Canterbury Cathedral) I find that the hoods + were lined with ermine; and this is the material of those attached to the + full-dress robes of doctors on the occasion of their creation, and in the + schools, and at congregations. I cannot find the statutes bearing upon + the subject.</p> + + <p>As the Oxford statutes have recently been published, the matter is not + so much in the dark,—black silk being the material prescribed for + the lining of hoods of Doctors in Divinity, and those of the doctors in + the other faculties being prescribed to be of <i>silk of any intermediate + colour</i>, which the Oxford doctors understand to mean a deep + rose-colour.</p> + + <p class="author">D.C.L.</p> + + <p>U. University Club, Dec. 4. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Euclid and Aristotle.</i>—The ordinary chronologies place + Aristotle as nearly a century anterior to Euclid; but Professor De Morgan + ("Eucleides," in Dr. Smith's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>) considers + them as contemporary. Any of your readers conversant with the subject + will oblige me by saying <i>which</i> is right, and likewise <i>why</i> + so.</p> + + <p class="author">GEOMETRICUS.</p> + + <p><i>Ventriloquism. Fanningus the King's Whisperer.</i>—To the + Query respecting Brandon the juggler (Vol. ii., p. 424.), I beg leave to + add another somewhat similar. Where is any information to be obtained of + "The King's Whisperer, <span lang="el" title="engastrimythos" + >εγγαστριμυθος</span>, + nomine Fanningus, who resided at Oxford in 1643?"</p> + + <p class="author">T.J.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 480 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page480" id="page480"></a>{480}</span></p> + + <p><i>Frances Lady Norton.</i>—Can any of your readers give me an + account of the life of Frances Lady Norton, who wrote a work, entitled + <i>The Applause of Virtue, in Four Parts, consisting of Divine and Moral + Essays towards the obtaining of True Virtue</i>, 4to. 1705? It is a very + delightful book, full of patristic learning. I am aware she was the + daughter of Ralph Freke, Esq., of Hannington, and married Sir George + Norton, Knt. of Abbot's Leigh, in the county of Somerset. I wish to know + what other books she wrote, if any, and where her life may be found? + Perhaps the Freke family could furnish an account of this learned lady. + The work I believe to be extremely scarce.</p> + + <p class="author">RICHARD HOOPER.</p> + + <p><i>Westminster Wedding.</i>—Jeremy Collier says, in one of his + <i>Essays</i> (Part iii. Essay viii.):</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"As for the business of friendship you mentioned, 'tis not to be had + at a <i>Westminster Wedding</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Being much interested in weddings in Westminster at the present day, I + should be much obliged to any of your readers who can throw any light on + the observation of the Essayist, as above cited. What other authors use + the term?</p> + + <p class="author">R.H.</p> + + <p><i>Stone's Diary.</i>—Stone, the celebrated sculptor, left a + valuable diary. The MS. was in the possession of Vertue the engraver. Has + it ever been printed?</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Dr. King's Poem of The Toast.</i>—Where can I find a key to + Dr. King's <i>Heroic Poem</i>, called <i>The Toast?</i> Isaac Reed's + copy, with a <i>manuscript key</i>, sold at his sale for 10<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Anima Magis, &c.</i>—To whom is this sentence to be + ascribed—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Anima magis est ubi amat</p> + <p>Quam ubi animat."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">TYRO-ETYMOLOGICUS.</p> + + <p><i>The Adventures of Peter Wilkins.</i>—Is the author of this + delightful work of fiction known? The first edition was published in + 1751, but it does not contain the dedication to Elizabeth, Countess of + Northumberland, found in later impressions. When was this dedication + added? It is observable that in all the editions I have seen, the + initials R.P. are signed to the dedication, while R.S. appears on the + title-page.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Talmud, Translations of.</i>—1. Have there been any English + translations of the Talmud, or any complete section of it? 2. What are + the most esteemed Continental and Latin translations?</p> + + <p class="author">S.P.H.T.</p> + + <p><i>Torn by Horses.</i>—What is the last instance in the history + of France of a culprit being torn by horses? Jean Châtel, who attempted + to assassinate Henri Quatre, suffered thus in 1595. (Crowe's + <i>France</i>, i. 364.)</p> + + <p class="author">ED. S. JACKSON.</p> + + <p><i>The Marks</i> *, †, ‡, <i>&c.</i>—What is + the origin of the asterisk, obelus, &c., used for references to + notes? When were they first used? What are their proper names?</p> + + <p class="author">ED. S. JACKSON.</p> + + <p>Totteridge, Herts, Oct. 23.</p> + + <p><i>Blackguard.</i>—Walking once through South Wales, we found an + old woman by the roadside selling a drink she called <i>blackguard</i>. + It was composed of beer and gin, spiced with pepper, and well deserved + its name. Is this a common beverage in the principality?</p> + + <p class="author">J.W.H.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> + +<h3>CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY.</h3> + + <p>I am much obliged to your correspondent LAICUS for his inquiry + respecting the proposed Society (Vol. ii., p. 464). Will you allow me to + express to him my confident hope, that the proposed plan, or some + modification of it by a committee (when one shall exist) may in due time + be carried out. But there seems to be no reason for haste; and in the + formation of such body it is desirable to have as many avowed supporters + to select from as possible. I do not think that the matter is much known + yet, though I have to thank you for a kind notice; and I need not tell + some of your correspondents that I have received very encouraging + letters. But, in truth, as I did not expect any profit, or desire any + responsibility as to either money or management, and only wished to lay + before the public an idea which had existed in my own mind for some + years, and which had obtained the sanction of some whom I thought + competent judges; and as I had, moreover, published pamphlets enough to + know that a contribution of waste paper to any object is often one of the + most costly, I did not feel myself called on to go to so much expense in + advertising as I perhaps might have done if I had been spending the money + of a society instead of my own. I sent but few copies; none, I believe, + except to persons with whom I had some acquaintance, and whom I thought + likely to take more or less interest in the subject.</p> + + <p>I trust, however, that the matter is quietly and solidly growing; and + from communications which I have received, and resources on which I + believe I may reckon, I feel no doubt that if it were considered + desirable, friends and money enough to set such a society going might be + immediately brought forward. It is one advantage of the proposed plan, + that it may be tried on almost any scale. A society so constituted would + NOT begin its existence <!-- Page 481 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page481" id="page481"></a>{481}</span> with great promises of + returns to subscribers, and heavy engagements to printers, papermakers, + and editors. Its only <i>necessary</i> expenses would be those of + <i>management</i>; and if the society were very small, these expenses + would be so too. It is, indeed, hardly possible to imagine that they + should be such as not to leave something to be funded for future use, if + they did not furnish means for immediate display; but it seems better to + wait patiently until such real substantial support is guaranteed as may + prevent all apprehension on that score.</p> + + <p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DEFENDER OF THE FAITH.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 442.)</p> + + <p>It is quite startling to be told that the title of "Defender of the + Faith" was used by any royal predecessor of Henry VIII.</p> + + <p>Selden (<i>Titles of Honour</i>, ed 1631, p. 54) says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The beginning and ground of that attribute of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, + which hath been perpetually, in the later ages, added to the style of the + kings of England, (not only in the first person, but frequent also in the + second and in the third, as common use shows in the formality of + instruments of conveyance, leases and such like) is most certainly known. + It began in Henry the VIII. For he, in those awaking times, upon the + quarrel of the Romanists and Lutherans, wrote a volume against Luther," + &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Selden then states the well-known occasion upon which this title was + conferred, and sets out the Bull of Leo X. (then extant in the Collection + of Sir Robert Cotton, and now in the British Museum), whereby the Pope, + "holding it just to distinguish those who have undertaken such pious + labours for defending the faith of Christ with every honour and + commendation," decrees that to the title of King the subjects of the + royal controversialist shall add the title "Fidei Defensori." The pontiff + adds, that a more worthy title could not be found.</p> + + <p>Your correspondent, COLONEL ANSTRUTHER, calls attention to the + statement made by Mr. Christopher Wren, Secretary of the Order of the + Garter (A.D. 1736), in his letter to Francis Peck, on the authority of + the Register of the Order in his possession; which letter is quoted by + Burke (<i>Dorm. and Ext. Bar.</i>, iv. 408.), that "King Henry VII. had + the title Defender of the Faith." It is not found in any acts or + instruments of his reign that I am acquainted with, nor in the + proclamation on his interment, nor in any of the epitaphs engraved on his + magnificent tomb. (Sandford, <i>Geneal. Hist.</i>) Nor is it probable + that Pope Leo X., in those days of diplomatic intercourse with England, + would have bestowed on Henry VIII., as a special and personal distinction + and reward, a title that had been used by his royal predecessors.</p> + + <p>I am not aware that any such title is attributed to the sovereign in + any of the English records anterior to 1521; but that many English kings + gloried in professing their zeal to defend the Church and religion, + appears from many examples. Henry IV., in the second year of his reign, + promises to maintain and defend the Christian religion (<i>Rot. + Parl.</i>, iii. 466.); and on his renewed promise, in the fourth year of + his reign, to defend the Christian faith, the Commons piously grant a + subsidy (<i>Ibid.</i>, 493.); and Henry VI., in the twentieth year of his + reign, acts as keeper of the Christian faith. (<i>Rot. Parl.</i>, v. + 61.)</p> + + <p>In the admonition used in the investiture of a knight with the + insignia of the Garter, he is told to take the crimson robe, and being + therewith defended, to be bold to fight and shed his blood for Christ's + faith, the liberties of the Church, and the defence of the oppressed. In + this sense, the sovereign and every knight became a sworn defender of the + faith. Can this duty have come to be popularly attributed as part of the + royal style and title?</p> + + <p>The Bull of Leo X., which confers the title on Henry VIII. personally, + does not make it inheritable by his successors, so that none but that + king himself could claim the honour. The Bull granted two years + afterwards by Clement VII. merely confirms the grant of Pope Leo to the + king himself. It was given, as we know, for his assertion of doctrines of + the Church of Rome; yet he retained it after his separation from the + Roman Catholic communion, and after it had been formally revoked and + withdrawn by Pope Paul III. in the twenty-seventh year of Henry VIII., + upon the king's apostacy in turning suppressor of religious houses. In + 1543, the Reformation legislature and the Anti-papal king, without + condescending to notice any Papal Bulls, assumed to treat the title that + the Pope had given and taken away as a subject of Parliamentary gift, and + annexed it for ever to the English crown by the statute 35 Hen. VIII. c. + 3., from which I make the following extract, as its language bears upon + the question:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"Where our most dread, &c., lord the king, hath heretofore been, + and is justly, lawfully, and notoriously knowen, named, published, and + declared to be King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the + Faith, and the Church of England and also of Ireland, in earth supreme + head; and hath justly and lawfully used the title and name thereof as to + his Grace appertaineth. Be it enacted, &c., that all and singular his + Graces' subject, &c., shall from henceforth accept and take the same + his Majesty's style ... viz., in the English tongue by these words, Henry + the Eighth, by the grace of God King of England, France, and Ireland, + Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England, and also of Ireland, + in earth the supreme head; and that the said style, &c., shall be, + &c., united <!-- Page 482 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page482" + id="page482"></a>{482}</span> and annexed for ever to the imperial crown + of his highness's realms of England."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>By the supposed authority of this statute, and notwithstanding the + revocation of the title by Pope Paul III., and its omission in the Bull + addressed by Pope Julius III. to Philip and Mary, that princess, before + and after her marriage, used this style, and the statute having, been + re-established by 1 Eliz. c. 1., the example has been followed by her + royal Protestant successors, who wished thereby to declare themselves + Defenders of the Anti-papal Church. The learned Bishop Gibson, in his + <i>Codex</i> (i. 33, note), treats this title as having commenced in + Henry VIII. So do Blount, Cowel, and such like authorities.</p> + + <p class="author">WM. SIDNEY GIBSON.</p> + + <p>Newcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 1850.</p> + + <p>P.S. Since writing the above, I have found (in the nineteenth volume + of <i>Archæologia</i>, pp. 1-10.) an essay by Mr. Alex. Luders on this + very subject, in which that able writer, who was well accustomed to + examine historical records, refers to many examples in which the title + "Most Christian King" was attributed to, or used by English sovereigns, + as well as the kings of France; and to the fact, that this style was used + by Henry VII., as appears from his contract with the Abbot of Westminster + (Harl. MS. 1498.). Selden tells us that the emperors had from early times + been styled "Defensores Ecclesiæ;" and from the instances cited by Mr. + Luders, it appears that the title of "Most Christian" was appropriated to + kings of France from a very ancient period; that Pepin received it (A.D. + 755) from the Pope, and Charles the Bald (A.D. 859) from a Council: and + Charles VI. refers to ancient usage for this title, and makes use of + these words:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"—nostrorum progenitorum imitatione—evangelicæ + veritatis—DEFENSORES—nostra regia dignitas divino Christianæ + religionis titulo gloriosius insignitur—."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mr. Luders refers to the use of the words "Nos zelo <i>fidei + catholicæ</i>, cujus sumus et erimus Deo dante <i>Defensores</i>, + salubriter commoti" in the charter of Richard II. to the Chancellor of + Oxford, in the nineteenth year of his reign, as the earliest introduction + of such phrases into acts of the kings of England that he had met with. + This zeal was for the condemnation of Wycliff's <i>Trialogus</i>. In the + reign of Hen. IV. the writ "De Hæretico comburendo" had the words + "Zelator justitia et fidei catholicæ cultor;" and the title of "Très + Chrêtien" occurs in several instruments of Hen. VI. and Edw. IV. It + appears very probable that this usage was the foundation of the statement + made by Chamberlayne and by Mr. Christopher Wren: but that the title of + Defender of the Faith was used as part of the royal style before 1521, + is, I believe, quite untrue.</p> + + <p class="author">W.S.G.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MEANING OF JEZEBEL.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 357.)</p> + + <p>There appear to be two serious objections to the idea of your + correspondent W.G.H. respecting the appearance of <i>Baal</i> in this + word: 1. The original orthography (<span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶּבֶל</bdo></span>); + whereas the name of the deity is found on all Phœnician monuments, + where it enters largely into the composition of proper names, written + <span lang="he" title="b`l" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בעל</bdo></span>: and, 2. The fact of female + names being generally on these same monuments (as tombstones and so + forth) compounded of the name of a <i>goddess</i>, specially Astarth + (<span lang="he" title="'atiorit" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אַתִֹּרִת</bdo></span> + or <span lang="he" title="`a" ><bdo + dir="rtl">עַ</bdo></span>). I do not know that we have any + example of a female name into which <i>Baal</i> enters.</p> + + <p>The derivation of the word appears to be that given by Gesenius + (s.v.); that it is compounded of the root <span lang="he" title="zabal" + ><bdo dir="rtl">זָבַל</bdo></span> + (habitavit, cohabitavit) and the negative <span lang="he" title="'eiyn" + ><bdo dir="rtl">אֵין</bdo></span>, and that its + meaning is the same as <span lang="el" title="alochos" + >αλοχος</span>, casta: comp. + <i>Agnes</i>. <i>Isabel</i>, in fact, would be a name nearer the original + than the form in which we have it.</p> + + <p class="author">SC.</p> + + <p>Carmarthen, Oct. 29. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Jezebel.</i>—W.G.H. has been misled by the ending <i>bel</i>. + The Phœnician god <i>Bel</i> or <i>Baal</i> has nothing to do with + this name,—the component words being <i>Je-zebel</i>, not + <i>Jeze-bel</i>. Of the various explanations given, that of Gesenius + (<i>Heb. Lex.</i>, s. voc.) appears, as usual, the simplest and most + rational. The name <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + (Jezebel) he derives from <span lang="he" title="'iy" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִי</bdo></span> (<i>i</i>) "not" (comp. + I-chabod, "In-glorious") and <span lang="he" title="zabal" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זָבַל</bdo></span> (zábal), "to + dwell, cohabit with."</p> + + <p>The name will then mean "without cohabitation," <i>i.e.</i> <span + lang="el" title="alochos" + >αλοχος</span> (Plat. <i>Theæt.</i>) + "chaste, modest." Comp. <i>Agnes</i>, <i>Katherine</i>, &c.</p> + + <p>Less satisfactory explanations may be found in Calmet's + <i>Dictionary</i>, and the <i>Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature</i>, + edited by Dr. Kitlo.</p> + + <p class="author">R.T.H.G.</p> + + <p><i>Jezebel.</i>—The Hebrew spelling <span lang="he" + title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + presents so much difficulty, that I fear such a derivation as W.G.H. + wishes to obtain for the name is not practicable by any known etymology. + Nothing that I am aware of, either in Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic, will + help us. The nearest verb that I can find is the Chaldee <span lang="he" + title="'aza'" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אֲזָא</bdo></span>, signifying, + "to light a fire," parts of which occur two or three times in Dan. iii.; + but I fear it would be too daring a conjecture to interpret the name + <i>quem Belus accendit</i> on the strength of that verb's existence. At + present I feel myself obliged to take the advice of Winer, in his + <i>Lexicon</i>, "Satius est ignorantiam fateri quam argutari."</p> + + <p>"Nominis origo (he says) non liquet. Sunt qui interpretentur <i>non + stercus</i>, Coll. 2 Reg. ix. 27., ineptè. <!-- Page 483 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page483" id="page483"></a>{483}</span> Simonis + in Onom. dictum putat Ino <span lang="he" title="n'iy zebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">נְאִי + זֶבֶל</bdo></span>, <i>mansio + habitationis</i> (habitatio tectissima); Gesenius <i>cui nemo + concubuit</i>, Coll. <span lang="he" title="zbl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זבל</bdo></span>, Gen. xxx. 20. Sed satius," + &c.</p> + + <p>Admitting that Hasdrubal is, in fact <span lang="he" title="`azrw beil" + ><bdo dir="rtl">עָזְרו + בֵּל</bdo></span>, <i>Bel (was) his helper</i>, + we cannot possibly connect <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + with it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span lang="he" title="b" ><bdo dir="rtl">ב</bdo></span>.</p> + + <p>L—— Rectory, Somerset.</p> + + <p><i>Jezebel.</i>—Your correspondent W.G.H. believes this word to + be derivable from <i>Baal</i>. That the Phœnician word <span + lang="he" title="ba`al" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל</bdo></span> (Lord) makes a + component part of many Syrian names is well-known: but I do not think the + contracted form <span lang="he" title="beil" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בֵל</bdo></span>, which was used by the + Babylonians, is ever found in any Syrian names. If we suppose the name + <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + to be derived from <span lang="he" title="beil" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בֵל</bdo></span> or <span lang="he" + title="ba`al" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל</bdo></span>, we must find + a meaning for the previous letters. Gesenius derives the name from <span + lang="he" title="'y" ><bdo dir="rtl">אי</bdo></span>, the + negative particle, <span lang="he" title="zbl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זבל</bdo></span>, and gives it the sense of + "innuba", <i>i.e.</i> "pure," comparing it, as a female name, with the + Christian Agnes. There is but one passage, however, in Scripture which + supports this secondary sense of <span lang="he" title="zbl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זבל</bdo></span> properly, "to be round," or, + "to make round," and then "to dwell;" from whence <span lang="he" + title="zbwl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זְבוּל</bdo></span>, "a + dwelling or habitation:" also <span lang="he" title="zbwlwn" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זְבוּלוּן</bdo></span>, + "dwellings," the name which Leah gives to her sixth son, because she + hopes that thenceforward her husband <span lang="he" title="yizbleiwiy" + ><bdo + dir="rtl">יִזְבְלֵוִי</bdo></span>, + "will dwell with me." (Gen. xxx. 20.) Gesenius considers this equivalent + with "cohabit;" and from this single passage draws the sense which he + assigns to <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + This seems rather far-fetched. I am, however, still inclined to give the + sense of "pure, unpolluted," to <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span>, + but on different grounds.</p> + + <p><span lang="he" title="zebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">זֶבֶל</bdo></span> has another + sense, <span lang="el" title="kopros" + >κοπρος</span>, particularly of + camels, from the round form; and the word was common, in the later + Hebrew, in that sense. Hence the evil spirit is called <span lang="he" + title="ba`al-zbwl" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל־זְבוּל</bdo></span>, + a contemptuous name, instead of <span lang="he" title="ba`al-zbwb" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בַעַל־זְבוּב</bdo></span> + = <span lang="el" title="Beelzeboul" + >Βεελζεβουλ</span> + instead of <span lang="el" title="Beelzeboub" + >Βεελζεβουβ</span> + (Matt. xii. 24.).</p> + + <p>The negative of this word <span lang="he" title="'iyzebel" ><bdo + dir="rtl">אִיזֶבֶל</bdo></span> + might, without any great forcing of the literal sense, imply "the + undefiled," <span lang="el" title="Amiautos" + >Αμιαυτος</span>; and + this conjecture is supported by comparing 2 Kings, ix. 37. with the same + verse in the <i>Targum</i> of Jonathan. They are as follows: (Heb.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span lang="he" title="wihayta niblat 'iyzebel krmen `al-pneiy hasreh" ><bdo dir="rtl">וִהָיְתָ נִבְלַת אִיזֶבֶל כְּרמֶן עַל־פְנֵי הַשׂרֶה</bdo></span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the <i>Targum</i> thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span lang="he" title="wtiheiy nibeiylta' r'iyzebel kzebel mbarar `al 'apeiy taqla':" ><bdo dir="rtl">וּתִהֵי נִבֵילתָּא רְאִיזֶבֶל כְּזֶבֶל מְבַרַּר עַל אַפֵּי תַקְלָא׃</bdo></span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is quite clear that the Targumists intended here a strong allusion + to the <i>original</i> meaning of Jezebel's name; viz. that she who was + named "the undefiled" should become as "defilement." I am not sure + whether a disquisition of this kind may be considered irrelevant to your + work; but as the idea seems not an improbable one to some whose judgment + I value, I venture to send it.</p> + + <p class="author">E.C.H.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SOCINIAN BOAST.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. ii., p. 375.).</p> + + <p>One of your correspondents, referring to the lines lately quoted by + Dr. Pusey—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Tota jacet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,</p> + <p>Calvinus muros, sed fundamenta Socinus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>inquires "by what Socinian writer" are these two hexameter verses used + ?</p> + + <p>In reply, I beg to remark that by "Socinian" is, I suppose, meant + "Unitarian," for even the immediate converts of Socinus refused to be + called Socinians, alleging that their belief was founded on the teaching + of Jesus Christ; and modern Unitarians, disowning all human authority in + religious matters, cannot take to themselves the name of Socinus.</p> + + <p>The distich, however, appears to have been in use among the Polish + Unitarians shortly after the death of Faustus Socinus, as respectfully + expressive of the exact effect which they conceived that he had produced + in the religious world. Mr. Wallace, in his <i>Antitrinitarian + Biography</i>, vol. iii. p. 323., states that it is "the epitaph said to + have been inscribed on the tomb of Faustus Socinus." Mr. Wallace's + authority for this assertion I have not been able to discover. Bock + (<i>Hist. Antitrinitariorum</i>, vol. iii. p. 725.), whom Mr. Wallace + generally follows, observes that the adherents of Faustus Socinus were + accustomed to use these lines "respecting his decease," (qui de ejus + obitu canere soliti sunt). This would seem to imply that the lines were + composed not long after the death of Faustus Socinus. Probably they + formed originally a part of poem written as a eulogy on him by some + minister of the Unitarian church. The case would not be without a + parallel.</p> + + <p>Three versions of the distich are before me; that cited by Dr. Pusey, + and the two which follow:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Alta ruit Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,</p> + <p>Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus."</p> + <p class="i16">Fock, <i>Socinianismus</i>, vol. i. p. 180.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Tota ruet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,</p> + <p>Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus."</p> + <p class="i16">Bock, <i>ut supra</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Which is the original? Bock's reading has the preference in my mind, + because he is known to have founded his history on the results of his own + personal investigations among the manuscripts as <!-- Page 484 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page484" id="page484"></a>{484}</span> well as + the printed documents of the Polish Unitarian Churches. Besides, if, as + there is reason to believe, the lines were composed shortly after the + death of F. Socinus, <i>ruet</i> (<i>will</i> fall) would now correctly + describe what, at so small a distance from the days of Luther and Calvin, + may be supposed to have been the feeling among the Polish Unitarians; + whereas Dr. Pusey's <i>jacet</i> (lies low, in the <i>present</i> tense) + does as certainly partake somewhat of the grandiloquent. That no "boast," + however, was intended, becomes probable, when we consider that the + distich was designed to convey a feeling of reverence towards Socinus + rather than an insult to Rome.</p> + + <p class="author">JOHN R. BEARD.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>The Königs-stuhl at Rheuze</i> (Vol. ii., p. 442.).—DR. BELL, + who inquires for an engraving of the old <i>Königs</i> or + <i>Kaisers-stuhl</i>, at Rheuze, is referrred to the <i>History of + Germany, on the Plan of Mrs. Markham's Histories</i>, published by + Murray, where, on the 188th page, he will find a very neat woodcut of + this building, which we are told was destroyed in 1807, and rebuilt after + the original model in 1843. It is of an octagon form, supported by + pillars, with seven stone seats round the sides for the electors, and one + in the centre for the emperor.</p> + + <p class="author">M.H.G.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[The woodcuts of this work deserve especial commendation, being + accurate representations of objects of historical interest, instead of + the imaginative illustrations too often introduced into works which claim + to represent the truth of history. Many of the engravings, such as that + of the <i>room in which the Council of Constance was held</i>, and the + <i>Cages of the Anabaptists</i> attached to the tower of <i>St. Lambert's + Church, Munster</i>, are, we have understood, copied from original + sketches placed at Mr. Murray's disposal for the purpose of being used in + the work in question.]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Mrs. Tempest</i> (Vol. ii., p. 407.).—This lady was one of + the two daughters of Henry Tempest, Esq., of Newton Grange, Yorkshire + (son of Sir John Tempest of Tong Hall, who was created a baronet in + 1664), by his wife Alathea, daughter of Sir Henry Thompson of Marston, + co. York. She died unmarried in 1703. As the Daphne of Pope's pastoral + "Winter," inscribed to her memory, she is celebrated in terms which + scarcely bear out the remark of your correspondent, that the poet "has no + special allusion to her."</p> + + <p class="author">J.T. HAMMACK.</p> + + <p><i>Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches.</i>—In + reply to M.'s Query, I beg to inform him, that to find a calendar of + <i>both</i> the above churches, he need seek no further than the + <i>Almanach de Gotha</i> for the year 1851. He will there find what he + wants, on authority no doubt sufficient.</p> + + <p class="author">D.C.</p> + + <p><i>The Conquest</i> (Vol. ii., p. 440).—I do not agree with L. + in thinking that the modern notion, that this word means "a forcible + method of acquisition," is an erroneous one; but have no doubt that, + whatever its original derivation may be, it was used in that sense. If + William I. never pretended "to annex the idea of victory to + conquisition," it is certain that his son William II. did: for we find a + charter of his in the <i>Monasticon</i> (ed. 1846), vol. vi. p. 992., + confirming a grant of the church of St. Mary of Andover to the abbey of + St. Florence, at Salmur, in Anjou, in which there is the following + recital:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Noscant qui sunt et qui futuri sunt, quod Willielmus</p> + <p>rex, qui <i>armis Anglicam terram sibi subjugavit</i>,</p> + <p>dedit." &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>If this charter was granted by William I., under whom Dugdale has + placed it in his <i>Chronica Series</i>, p. 1., <i>nomine Baldric</i>, + the argument is so much the stronger; but I have endeavored to prove by + internal evidence (<i>Judges of England</i>, vol. i. p. 67.) that it is a + charter of William II.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD FOSS.</p> + + <p><i>Thruscross</i> (Vol. ii., p. 441.).—In a sermon preached at + the funeral of Lady Margaret Mainard, at Little Easton, in Essex, June + 30, 1682, by Bishop Ken, he says:</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"The silenced, and plundered, and persecuted clergy she thought worthy + of double honour, did vow a certain sum yearly out of her income, which + she laid aside, only to succour them. The congregations where she then + communicated, were those of the Reverend and pious Dr. Thruscross and Dr. + Mossom, both now in heaven, and that of the then Mr. Gunning, the now + most worthy Bishop of Ely, for whom she ever after had a peculiar + veneration."</p> + + <p>"My last son Izaak, borne the 7th of September, 1651, at halfe an + houre after two o'clock in the afternoone, being Sunday, and he was + baptized that evening by Mr. Thruscross, in my house in Clerkenwell. Mr. + Henry Davison and my brother Beacham were his godfathers, and Mrs. Roe + his godmother."—<i>Izaak Walton's Entry in his Prayer Book.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Peckhard, in his <i>Life of Nicholas Ferrar</i>, p. 213., quotes + Barwick's Life, Oley, Thruscross, and Thorndike.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + + <p><i>Osnaburgh Bishopric</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 358. 447.).—The + succession to this bishopric was regulated by the Treaty of Westphalia, + in 1648. By virtue of that treaty the see of Osnaburgh is alternately + possessed by a Romish and a Protestant prince; and when it comes to the + turn of a Protestant, it is to be given to a younger son of the house of + Hanover. The <i>Almanach de Gotha</i> will most probably supply the + information who succeeded the late Duke of York. Looking at the names of + the titular bishops of Osnaburgh, it may be inferred that the duties + attached to the see are confined to its temporalities.</p> + + <p class="author">J.T. HAMMACK.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 485 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page485" id="page485"></a>{485}</span></p> + + <p><i>Nicholas Ferrar</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407. 444.).—The + libellous pamphlet, entitled <i>The Arminian Nunnery at Little + Gidding</i>, is printed entire in the Appendix to Hearne's Preface to + Langtoft. One of the Harmonies of the Life of Christ is in the British + Museum, and another at St. John's College, Oxford (Qy.) (See the list of + MSS. once at Gidding, Peckhard, p. 306.) N. Ferrar published and wrote + the preface to Herbert's <i>Temple</i>, 1633,—and translated + Valdesso's <i>Divine Considerations</i>, Camb. 1646.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + + <p><i>Butchers' Blue Dress</i> (Vol. ii., p. 266.).—A blue dress + does not show stains of blood, inasmuch as blood, when dry, becomes of a + blue colour. I have always understood this to be the explanation of this + custom.</p> + + <p class="author">X.Z.</p> + + <p><i>Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve</i> (Vol. ii., p. 442.).—This + portrait is engraved in Strutt's <i>Regal and Ecclesiastical + Antiquities</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J.I.D.</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>[And we may add, in the edition of Tyrwhitt's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>, + published by Pickering—ED.]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Chaucer's Portrait</i> (Vol. ii., p. 442.).—His portrait, + from Occleve's poem, has been engraved in octavo and folio by Vertue. + Another, from the Harleian MS., engraved by Worthington, is in + Pickering's edition of Tyrwhitt's <i>Chaucer</i>. Occleve's poem has not + been printed; but see Ritson's <i>Biblioth. Poetica</i>, and Warton's + <i>H.E.P.</i> A full-length portrait of Chaucer is given in Shaw's + <i>Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages</i>; another, on horseback, + in Todd's <i>Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">W.P.</p> + + <p><i>Lady Jane of Westmoreland</i> (Vol. i., p. 103.).—I think + your correspondent Q.D. is wrong in his supposition that the two + following entries in Mr. Collier's second volume of <i>Extracts from the + Registers of the Stationers' Company</i> refer to a composition by Lady + Jane of Westmoreland:—</p> + +<blockquote> + <p>"1585-6. Cold and uncoth blowes, of the Lady Jane of Westmorland.</p> + + <p>1586-7. A songe of Lady Jane of Westmorland."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>My idea is, that the ballad (for Mr. Collier thinks that both entries + relate to one production) was merely one of those metrical ditties sung + about the streets of London depicting the woes and sufferings of some + unfortunate lady. The question is, who was this "unfortunate lady?" She + was the wife of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted about the + year 1570, and died in Flanders anno 1584. I learn this from a MS. of the + period, now before me, entitled <i>Some Account of the Sufferinges of the + Ladye Jane of Westmorlande, who dyed in Exile. By T.C.</i> Perhaps at + some future time I may trouble your readers with an account of this + highly interesting MS.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + + <p><i>Gray and Dodsley.</i>—As the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has repeated + his Queries on Gray and Dodsley, I must make a second attempt to answer + them with due precision, assured that no man is more disposed than + himself to communicate information for the satisfaction of others.</p> + + <p>1. <i>Gray</i>: In the first edition of the <i>Elegy</i> the epithet + in question is <i>droning</i>; and so it stands in the <i>Poems of + Gray</i>, as edited by himself, in 1753, 1768, &c.</p> + + <p>2. <i>Dodsley</i>: The first edition of the important poetical + miscellany which bears his name was published in 1748, in three volumes, + 12mo.</p> + + <p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p><i>The New Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and + History</i>, may be considered as the third in that important series of + Classical Dictionaries for which the world is indebted to the learning of + Dr. Smith. As the present work is distinguished by the same excellencies + which have won for the <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</i>, + and the <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</i>, the + widely-spread reputation they enjoy, we shall content ourselves with a + few words explanatory of the arrangement of a work which, it requires no + great gift of prophecy to foretell, must ere long push Lemprière from its + stool. The present Dictionary may be divided into three portions. The + Biographical, which includes all the historical names of importance which + occur in the Greek and Roman writers, from the earliest times down to the + extinction of the Western Empire; those of all Greek and Roman writers, + whose works are either extant or known to have exercised an influence + upon their respective literatures; and, lastly, those of all the more + important artists of antiquity. In the Mythological division may be + noticed first, the discrimination, hitherto not sufficiently attended to, + between the Greek and Roman mythology, and which in this volume is shown + by giving an account of the Greek divinities under their Greek names, and + the Roman divinities under their Latin names; and, secondly, what is of + still more consequence, the care to avoid as far as possible all + indelicate allusions in the respective histories of such divinities. + Lastly, in the Geographical portion of the work, and which will probably + be found the most important one, very few omissions will be discovered of + names occurring in the chief classical writers. This brief sketch of the + contents of this <i>New Classical Dictionary</i> will satisfy our readers + that Dr. Smith has produced a volume, not only of immense value to those + who are entering upon their classical studies, but one which will be + found a most useful handbook to the scholar and the more advanced + student.</p> + + <p><i>The Greek Church, A Sketch</i>, is the last of the Shilling Series + in which Mr. Appleyard has described <!-- Page 486 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page486" id="page486"></a>{486}</span> the + different sections of Christendom, with a view to their ultimate reunion. + Like its predecessors, the volume is amiable and interesting, but being + historical rather than doctrinal, is scarcely calculated to give the + uninformed reader a very precise view of the creed of the Greek Church. + It may serve, however, to assure us that the acrimony of religious + discussion and the mutual jealousy of Church and State, which disquiets + so many minds at present, was more than matched in the days of + Constantine and Athanasius.</p> + + <p>The last part of the <i>Transactions of the Academy of Sciences</i> of + Berlin contains two papers by Jacob Grimm, which will doubtless be + perused with great interest in this country. The one on the ancient + practice of burning the bodies of the dead (<i>Ueber das Verbrennen der + Leichen</i>) will be of especial interest to English antiquaries; but the + other, from its connexion with the great educational questions which now + occupy so much of public attention, will probably be yet more attractive. + It is entitled, <i>Ueber Schüle Universität Academie</i>. Separate copies + of these Essays may be procured from Messrs. Williams and Norgate.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (Wellington Street, Strand) will sell on + Monday next and two following days the valuable Dramatic and + Miscellaneous Library of the late John Fullarton, Esq., which contains an + extensive collection of the early editions of the Old English + Dramatists.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues:—Bernard Quaritch's + (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 21. for 1850, of + Antiquarian, Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; + William Heath's (29½, Lincoln Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 6. for 1850, of + Valuable Second-hand Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List of very + Cheap Books.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p>LAW'S LETTERS TO BISHOP HOADLEY.</p> + + <p>MILLES, REV. ISAAC, ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND CONVERSATION OF, 1721.</p> + + <p>BRAY, REV. T., PUBLIC SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIFE AND DESIGNS OF, + 8vo. 1746.</p> + + <p>HUET'S COMMERCE OF THE ANCIENTS, 1717.</p> + + <p>VINCE'S ASTRONOMY, 3 Vols. 1808.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. + Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + + <p>JEEDEE. <i>Notwithstanding Dr. Parr's assertion to the contrary, the + </i>MALLEUS MALEFICARUM<i> is by no means an uncommon book, as may be + seen by a reference to Grüsse </i>(Bibliotheca Magica, p. 32.)<i>, where + upwards of a dozen editions are enumerated, and a table of its contents + may be seen. The work has been very fully analysed in the second volume + of Horst's Dämonomagie, and, if we remember rightly, its history is told + by Soldan in his </i>Gesch. der Hexenprocesse.</p> + + <p>R.H. (Trin. Coll. Dub.) <i>will see that it is impossible to adopt his + kind suggestion without spoiling the uniformity of the work. We have a + bound copy of our First Volume now before us, and can assure him that, + although the margin is necessarily narrow the book has not been spoilt by + the binder.</i></p> + + <p>J.S. Nortor <i>or </i>Nawter<i> is only the provincial mode of + pronouncing </i>neatherd<i>. The </i>Nolt<i> market is the ancient name + of a street in Newcastle—the cattle-market. See Brockett's + </i>Gloss. of North Country Words<i>, s.v. </i>NOWT<i> or </i>NOLT.</p> + + <p>A.H. (Stoke Newington). "Limbeck" <i>is used by Shakspeare for + </i>"Alembic;"<i> and in the passage in Macbeth</i>,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"That memory, the warder of the brain,</p> + <p>Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason</p> + <p>A limbeck only."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Receipt <i>is used in the sense of </i>receptacle<i>; and (we quote + from one of the commentators)</i>, "The <i>limbeck</i> is the vessel + through which distilled liquors pass into the recipients. So shall it be + with memory, through which every thing shall pass, and nothing + remain."</p> + + <p>DJEDALEME TEBEYR. <i>Some of our correspondent's articles would, we + have no doubt, have appeared ere this, but for the difficulty of + deciphering his handwriting. Our correspondents little know how greatly + they would facilitate our labours by writing more legibly.</i></p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—P. 406, col. 2. l. 45, for "vingto" read "MSto;" + l. 48, for "indefe<i>n</i>sus" read "indefe<i>s</i>sus." P. 469, col. 1. + lines 44, 50, and 53, for "Litt<i>ers</i>" read "Litt<i>us</i>."</p> + + <p>In the advertisement of Mr. Appleyard's <i>Greek Church</i>, in our + last Number, p. 471, for "Darling, Great <i>Cullen</i> Street," read + "Darling, Great <i>Queen</i> Street."</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + + <p>Labitzky's quadrille of all nations, dedicated by special permission + to H.R.H. Prince Albert, performed Eighteen consecutive Nights at the + GRAND NATIONAL CONCERTS, and invariably encored twice or three times + nightly <i>[some words illegible]</i> 4<i>s.</i>; Piano Duet, 6<i>s.</i>, + Orchestra, 8s. On Order of all good Music-sellers, and of the Publishers, + MESSRS. R. COCKS AND CO., New Burlington Street, London, Publishers to + Her Most Gracious Majesty.</p> + + <p>N.B.—Just published, COCKS'S MUSICAL MISCELLANY, for October, + November, and December. 2<i>d.</i> each; stamped 3<i>d.</i> each.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>DR. WORDSWORTH'S TREATISE ON THE CHURCH, SIXTH EDITION.</p> + + <p>In crown 8vo., price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, the Sixth Edition of + THEOPHILUS ANGLICANUS; or, Instruction concerning the CHURCH, and the + Anglican Branch of it. For the Use of Schools, Colleges, and Candidates + for Holy Orders. By CHR. WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster.</p> + + <p>RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; Of whom may be + had,</p> + + <p>1. ELEMENTS OF INSTRUCTION CONCERNING THE CHURCH. By the SAME AUTHOR. + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>2. CATECHESIS; or, Christian Instruction preparatory to CONFIRMATION, + and FIRST COMMUNION. By the Rev. CHARLES WORDSWORTH, M.A. 5<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr /> + + <p>Foreign books gratis and post free.—A CATALOGUE of very Cheap + Second-hand FOREIGN BOOKS, in all European Languages, has just been + issued by FRANZ THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, (German Circulating Library), + 88. New Bond Street. The Catalogue will be forwarded to those who will + favour MR. THIMM with their addresses.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><!-- Page 487 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page487" id="page487"></a>{487}</span></p> + + <p>NOW READY,</p> + + <p>CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART-WORKMANSHIP, IN GOLD, SILVER, STEEL, BRONZE, + IVORY, WOOD, GLASS, LEATHER, EARTHENWARE, &c.</p> + + <p>UPWARDS OF SIXTY EXAMPLES SELECTED FROM THE EXHIBITION OF ANCIENT AND + MEDIÆVAL ART AT THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, DRAWN AND ENGRAVED UNDER THE + SUPERINTENDENCE OF PHILIP DE LA MOTTE.</p> + + <p>Elegantly Bound in Cloth, with Gilt Bosses, in fac-simile of an + Ancient Venetian Binding.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Imperial Octavo, bound in cloth with bosses ... £1 5 0</p> + <p>Ditto coloured and gilt, bound in morocco ... £4 4 0</p> + <p>Large Paper, bound in cloth with bosses ... £3 3 0</p> + <p>Ditto coloured and gilt, bound in morocco ... £6 6 0</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>*** <i>A few Vellum Copies will be printed to Order only. These will + be most carefully Illuminated and finished by</i> MR. DE LA MOTTE, + <i>Bound in Velvet, price Twelve Guineas.</i></p> + + <p>LONDON: CUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. Old Bond Street.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>VALUABLE LIBRARY OF THE LATE JAMES BROWN.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneer of Literary + Property and Works Illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, + at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on FRIDAY, December 20, + 1850, and following day, at One o'clock precisely, the VALUABLE LIBRARY + of the late JAMES BROWN, Esq., for many years a Clerk in the General Post + Office, comprising Comte Lamberg, Collection des Vases Grecs, expliquée + et publiée par La Borde, 2 vols., a beautiful and interesting work; La + Borde, Voyage Pittoresque en Autriche, 3 vols., plates finely coloured; + La Borde, Descripcion de un Pavimento de Mosayco, with coloured plates; + the Fine Picturesque Works of Coney, Neale, Haghe, Lawis, Müller, Nash, + and Wilkie, all fine and picked sets, complete; an Interesting Collection + of Illustrious and Noble Foreigners, arranged in 5 vols.; Genealogical + Illustrations of the Ancient Family of Gruee, a splendid Heraldic + Manuscript, written by P. Absalom, Esq.; Dugdale, History of St. Paul's, + fine copy, illustrated with extra portraits; Illustrations of the Noble + family of Howard, finely emblazoned by P. Absalom, illustrated with + upwards of seventy scarce portraits of the family; Lysons, Magna + Britannia, 8 vols. in 9; Equestrian Portraits of the Family of Nassau and + Orange, the Fine Work on Early German Stained Glass, published by Weale; + Chalmers, General Biographical Dictionary, 32 vols. half russia; Lodge, + Portraits of Illustrious Persons, 12 vols.; Neale. Views of the Seats in + Great Britain; Sir W. Scott, Novels and Tales, 25 vols., fine copy, in + calf, marbled leaves; Shaw, General Zoology, coloured plates, 30 + vols.</p> + + <p>To be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on + receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>MR. DOYLE'S CHRISTMAS BOOK.</p> + + <p>THE STORY OF JACK AND THE GIANTS.</p> + + <p>With Forty Illustrations by RICHARD DOYLE. Engraved by G. and E. + DALZIEL. Small 4to., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> ornamental wrapper; + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth; coloured, gilt edges, 6<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>CUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. Old Bond Street.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>JOURNAL FRANCAIS, publié à Londres.—Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, + fondé en 1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numéro les + nouvelles de la semaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de + Paris, la Semaine Dramatique par Th. Gautier ou J. Janin, la Révue de + Paris par Pierre Durand, et reproduit en entier les romans, nouvelles, + etc., en vogue par les premiers écrivains de France. Prix 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>London: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>TREATMENT OF THE INSANE—TESTIMONIAL to DR. + CONNOLLY.—Subscribers' Names and Subscriptions received by the + Secretaries at 12. Old Burlington Street. Post office Orders should be + made payable at the Post-office, Piccadilly, to one of the + Secretaries.</p> + + <p>JOHN FORBES, M.D., RICHARD FRANKUM, Secretaries.</p> + +<hr /> + + <p>FAC-SIMILES.</p> + + <p>ASHBEE AND TUCKETT, LITHOGRAPHERS, &c., 18. 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