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diff --git a/18530-h/18530-h.htm b/18530-h/18530-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fc959a --- /dev/null +++ b/18530-h/18530-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,4538 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + hr.smler { width: 10%; } + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .right {text-align: right;} + .left {text-align: left;} + .tbrk { margin-top: 2.75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem div {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + + /* index */ + + div.index ul li { padding-top: 1em ;text-align: left; } + + div.index ul ul ul, div.index ul li ul li { padding: 0; text-align: left; } + + div.index ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; } + + div.index ul, div.index ul ul ul li { display: inline; } + + div.index .subitem { display: block; padding-left: 2em; } + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Elsie Inglis + The Woman with the Torch + +Author: Eva Shaw McLaren + +Commentator: Lena Ashwell + +Release Date: June 7, 2006 [EBook #18530] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELSIE INGLIS *** + + + + +Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Brian Janes, Martin Pettit +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<h1>ELSIE INGLIS</h1> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs004.jpg" id="gs004.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs004.jpg" width='432' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA IN 1916 Frontispiece" /></p> + +<blockquote><p class='right'><i>Photo by Bassano</i></p> + +<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4> + +<h5>AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA IN 1916</h5></blockquote> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PIONEERS OF PROGRESS</h3> + +<h4>WOMEN</h4> + +<hr /> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Edited by</span> ETHEL M. BARTON</h4> + +<hr class='smler' /> +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<h1>ELSIE INGLIS</h1> + +<h3>THE WOMAN WITH THE TORCH</h3> + +<h4>BY</h4> + +<h2>EVA SHAW McLAREN</h2> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<h4>WITH A PREFACE BY</h4> + +<h3>LENA ASHWELL</h3> + +<hr class='smler' /> + +<h4>LONDON<br />SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING<br /> +CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE<br />NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY<br />1920</h4> + +<hr /> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<div><i>Great souls who sailed uncharted seas,</i></div> +<div><i>Battling with hostile winds and tide,</i></div> +<div><i>Strong hands that forged forbidden keys,</i></div> +<div><i>And left the door behind them, wide</i>.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div><i>Diggers for gold where most had failed,</i></div> +<div><i>Smiling at deeds that brought them Fame,—</i></div> +<div><i>Lighters of Lamps that have not failed,—</i></div> +<div><i>Lend us your oil and share your flame.</i></div> +</div></div> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<hr /> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<h4>TO</h4> + +<h3>AMY SIMSON</h3> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<hr /> + +<h2>SYLLABUS OF CHAPTERS</h2> + +<div class="index"> +<ul> +<li><a href="#PREFACE"><span class="smcap">Preface</span></a></li> +<li><a href="#INTRODUCTION"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></a></li> +<li><a href="#LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"><span class="smcap">List of Illustrations</span></a></li> +</ul> +</div> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I</a></h3> + +<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4> + +<p class='center'>Tributes from various sources—A woman of solved problems</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II</a></h3> + +<h4>THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN</h4> + +<p class='center'>Elsie Inglis the central figure on the stage—Men and women of +the past, the people of her race, crowd round her—Their influence on her—Their spirit seen in hers</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III</a></h3> + +<h4>1864-1894</h4> + +<p class='center'>Childhood in India—Friendship with her father—Schooldays in +Edinburgh—Death of her mother—Study of Medicine—Death +of her father—Practice started in Edinburgh in 1894—Twenty +years of professional life: interests, friendships—Varied +Descriptions of Dr. Inglis by Miss S. E. S. Mair and Dr. Beatrice Russell</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV</a></h3> + +<h4>HER MEDICAL CAREER</h4> + +<p class='center'>Fellow-students' and doctors' reminiscences—The New School of +Medicine for Women in Edinburgh—The growth of her +practice—Her sympathy with her poor patients—The founding +of The Hospice—Some characteristics</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V</a></h3> + +<h4>THE SOLVED PROBLEMS</h4> + +<p class='center'>The problems of the unmarried woman—Dr. Inglis's unpublished +novel, <i>The Story of a Modern Woman</i>—Quotations from the +novel—Many parts of novel evidently autobiographical—Heroine +in novel solves the problem of "the lonely woman"</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI</a></h3> + +<h4>"HER CHILDREN"</h4> + +<p class='center'>Dr. Inglis a child-lover—Her writings full of the descriptions of +children—Quotations from the novel</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII</a></h3> + +<h4>THE HOSPICE</h4> + +<p class='center'>Founded 1901—Description of premises in the High Street +amongst the poor of Edinburgh—Dr. Inglis's love for The Hospice</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII</a></h3> + +<h4>THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN</h4> + +<p class='center'>Justice of claim appealed to Dr. Inglis—Worked from constitutional +point of view—Founding of Scottish Federation of +Suffrage Societies—Dr. Inglis's activities for the cause—Tributes +from women who worked with her—Description of meeting addressed by her</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX</a></h3> + +<h4>SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS</h4> + +<p class='center'>Dr. Inglis at the outbreak of war: Full of vigour and enthusiasm—Idea +mooted at Federation Committee Meeting—Rapid growth—Hospitals in the field in December</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X</a></h3> + +<h4>SERBIA</h4> + +<p class='center'>Dreadful condition of country—Arrival of Dr. Soltau and Dr. +Hutchison and Unit—Dr. Inglis's arrival in May, 1915—Fountain +at Mladanovatz—Letter from officer who designed +fountain—Dr. Inglis and her Unit taken prisoners in +November—Account of work at Krushevatz—Release in +February, 1916—Tributes from Miss Christitch and Lieut.-Colonel Popovitch</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI</a></h3> + +<h4>RUSSIA</h4> + +<p class='center'>Dr. Inglis's start for Russia in August, 1916—Unit attached to +Serb Division near Odessa—Three weeks' work at Medjidia—Retreat +to Braila—Order of three retreats—Work at Reni—Description +of Dr. Inglis by one of her Unit—Account of her last Communion</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII</a></h3> + +<h4>"IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET <i>THEM</i> OUT"</h4> + +<p class='center'>Serb Division in unenviable position—Dr. Inglis's determination +to save them from wholesale slaughter—Hard work through +summer months to achieve their safety—Efforts crowned with +success—Left for England in October, bringing her Unit and the Division with her</p> + +<h3><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII</a></h3> + +<h4>"THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES</h4> + +<p class='center'>Landed at Newcastle on November 23, 1917—Illness on voyage—Dr. +Ethel Williams's testimony to her fearlessness in facing +death—Triumph in passing—Scenes at funeral in Edinburgh—Memories</p> + +<div class="index"> +<ul> +<li><a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY"><span class="smcap">Bibliography</span></a></li> +</ul> +</div> + +<hr /> +<h2><a name="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> + +<div class="index"> +<ul> +<li><a href="#gs004.jpg">DR. ELSIE INGLIS IN 1916, AFTER HER RETURN FROM SERBIA</a></li> +<li><a href="#gs023.jpg">THE THREE MISS FENDALLS</a> +<ul> + <li class="subitem">From a picture in the possession of Brigadier-General C. Fendall</li> +</ul></li> +<li><a href="#gs028.jpg">ELSIE INGLIS AT THE AGE OF TWO YEARS</a></li> +<li><a href="#gs033.jpg">JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS, ELSIE INGLIS'S FATHER</a></li> +<li><a href="#gs053.jpg">THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH</a></li> +<li><a href="#gs072.jpg">ELSIE INGLIS, BY IVAN MESTROVICH</a> +<ul> + <li class="subitem">In the Scottish National Gallery</li> +</ul></li> +<li><a href="#gs087.jpg">ELSIE INGLIS IN AUGUST, 1916, BEFORE LEAVING FOR RUSSIA</a></li> +<li><a href="#gs107.jpg">THE HIGH STREET, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES'S</a></li> +</ul> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE</h2> + +<p>"To light a path for men to come" is the privilege of +the pioneer; and the life of a pioneer, the hewer of a +new path, is always encouraging, whether he who goes +before to open the way be a voyager to the Poles or +the uttermost parts of the earth, in imminent danger of +physical death, or whether he be an adventurer, cutting +a path to a new race consciousness, revealing the power +of service in new vocations, evoking new powers, and +living in hourly danger of mental suffocation by prejudices +and inhibitions of race tradition.</p> + +<p>The women's irresistible movement, which has so suddenly +flooded all departments of work previously considered +the monopoly of men, required from the leaders +indomitable courage, selflessness, and faith, qualities of +imperishable splendour; and to read the life of Elsie +Inglis is to recognize instantly that she was one of these +ruthless adventurers, hewing her way through all perils +and difficulties to bring to pass the dreams of thousands +of women. The world's standard of success may appear +to give the prize to those who collect things, but in +reality the crown of victory, the laurel wreath, the +tribute beyond all material value, is always reserved for +those invisible, intangible qualities which are evinced in +character.</p> + +<p>It is wonderful to read how slowly and surely that +character was formed through twenty years of monotonous +routine. The establishing of a Hospice for women +and children, run entirely by women, was not a popular +movement, and through long years of dull, arduous +work, patient, silent, honest, dedicated unconsciously to +the service of others, she laid the foundations which led +to her great achievement, and so, full of courage and +growing in power, like Nelson she developed a blind<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span> +eye, to which she put her telescope in times of bewilderment; +she could never see the difficulties which loomed +large in her way—sex prejudices and mountains of race +convictions to be moved—and so she moved them!</p> + +<p>In founding The Hospice she gave herself first to the +women and children round her; later, in the urgent call +of the Suffrage movement, she devoted herself whole-heartedly +to the service of the women of the country, +and so she was ready when the war came. Her own +country refused her services; but Providence has a +strange way of turning what appears to be evil into +great good. The refusal of the British Government to +accept the services of medically trained women caused +them to offer their services elsewhere; and so she went +first to help the French, and then to encourage and serve +Serbia in her dire need.</p> + +<p>And so from the first she was a pioneer: in doing +medical work among women and children; in achieving +the rights of citizenship for women; and in the further +great adventure of establishing the true League of +Nations which lies in the will to serve mankind.</p> + +<p class='right'>LENA ASHWELL <br /> +(<span class="smcap">Mrs. Henry Simson</span>)</p> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2> + +<p>A most interesting <i>Life</i> of Elsie Inglis, written a short +time ago by the Lady Frances Balfour, has had a +wide circulation which has proved the appreciation of the +public.</p> + +<p>This second <i>Life</i> appears at the request of The Society +for Promoting Christian Knowledge that I should write +a short memoir of my sister, to be included in the +"Pioneers of Progress" Series which it is publishing. +I undertake the duty with joy.</p> + +<p>In accordance with the series in which it appears, the +<i>Life</i> is a short one, but it has been possible to incorporate +in it some fresh material. Not the least interesting is +what has been taken from the manuscript of a novel by +Dr. Inglis, found amongst her papers some time after her +death. It is called <i>The Story of a Modern Woman</i>. It +was probably written between the years 1906 and 1914; +the outbreak of the war may have prevented its publication. +The date given in the first chapter of the story is +1904. Very evidently the book expresses Elsie Inglis's +views on life. Quotations have been made from it, as it +gives an insight into her own character and experiences.</p> + +<p>The endeavour has been made to draw a picture of +her as she appeared to those who knew her best. She +was certainly a fine character, full of life and movement, +ever growing and developing, ever glorying in new +adventure. There was no stagnation about Elsie Inglis. +Independent, strong, keen (if sometimes impatient), and +generous, from her childhood she was ever a great giver.</p> + +<p>Alongside all the energy and force in her character +there were great depths of tenderness. "Nothing like +sitting on the floor for half an hour playing with little +children to prepare you for a strenuous bit of work," was +one of her sayings.</p> + +<p>Not to many women, perhaps, have other women given<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span> +such a wealth of love as they gave to Elsie Inglis. In +innumerable letters received after her death is traceable +the idea expressed by one woman: "In all your sorrow, +remember, I loved her too."</p> + +<p>Those who worked with her point again and again to +a characteristic that distinguished her all her life—her +complete disregard of the opinion of others about herself +personally, while she pursued the course her conscience +dictated, and yet she drew to herself the affectionate +regard of many who knew her for the first time +during the last three years of her life.</p> + +<p>What her own countrymen thought of her will be +found in the pages of this book, but the touching testimony +of a Serb and a Russian may be given here. A +Serb orderly expressed his devotion in a way that Dr. +Inglis used to recall with a smile: "Missis Doctor, I love +you better than my mother, and my wife, and my family. +Missis Doctor, I will never leave you."</p> + +<p>And a soldier from Russia said of her: "She was loved +amongst us as a queen, and respected as a saint."</p> + +<p>"In her <i>Life</i> you want the testimony of those who saw +<i>her</i>. Dr. Inglis's work before and during the war will +find its place in any enduring record; what you want to +impress on the minds of the succeeding generation is +<i>the quality of the woman</i> of which that work was the +final expression."</p> + +<p>Something of what that quality was appears, it is hoped, +in the pages of this memoir. I am grateful to men and +women of varied outlook, who knew her at different +periods of her life, for memories which have been drawn +upon in this effort to picture Elsie Inglis.</p> + +<p class='right'>EVA SHAW McLAREN</p> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> +<h1>ELSIE INGLIS</h1> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I</h2> + +<h3>ELSIE INGLIS</h3> + +<h3 class='left'>The War.</h3> + +<p>"Elsie Inglis was one of the heroic figures of the +war."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p> + +<h3 class='left'>Suffrage.</h3> + +<p>"During the whole years of the Suffrage struggle, while +the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies was +growing and developing, Dr. Elsie Inglis stood as a +tower of strength, and her unbounded energy and unfailing +courage helped the cause forward in more ways +than she knew. To the London Society she stood out +as a supporter of wise councils and bold measures; time +after time, in the decisions of the Union, they found +themselves by her side, and from England to Scotland +they learned to look to her as to a staunch friend.</p> + +<p>"Later, when the war transformed the work of the +Societies of the Union, they trusted and followed her +still, and it is their comfort now to think that in all her +time of need it was their privilege to support her."<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> + +<h3 class='left'>Medical.</h3> + +<p>"We medical women in Scotland will miss her very +much, for she was indeed a strong rock amongst us all."<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p> + +<h3 class='left'>Scottish Women's Hospitals.</h3> + +<p>"Those who work in the hospitals she founded and +for the Units she commanded, and all who witnessed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> +her labours, feel inspired by her dauntless example. The +character of the Happy Warrior was in some measure +her character. We reverence her calm fearlessness and +forceful energies, her genius for overcoming obstacles, +her common sense, her largeness of mind and purpose, +and we rejoice in the splendour of her achievements."<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p> + +<h3 class='left'>Home.</h3> + +<p>"It is not of her great qualities that I think now, but +rather that she was such a darling."<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p> + +<h3 class='left'>Serbia.</h3> + +<p>"By her knowledge she cured the physical wounds of +the Serb soldiers. By her shining face she cured their +souls. Silent, busy, smiling—that was her method. She +strengthened the faith of her patients in <i>knowledge</i> and +in <i>Christianity</i>. Scotland hardly could send to Serbia a +better Christian missionary."<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>As the days pass, bringing the figure of Elsie Inglis +into perspective, these true and beautiful pictures of her +fall quietly into the background, and one idea begins +slowly to emerge and to expand, and to become the most +real fact about her. As we follow her outward life and +read the writings she left behind her, we come to realize +that her greatness lay not so much in the things she +achieved as in the hidden power of her spirit. <i>She was a +woman of solved problems.</i> The far-reaching qualities +of her mind and character are but the outcome of this +inward condition.</p> + +<p>All men and women have problems; few solve them. +The solved problem in any life is the expression of +genius, and is the cause of strength and peace in the +character.</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>"It is amazing how sometimes a name begins to shine +like a star, and then to glow and glow until it fills the +firmament. Such a name is Elsie Inglis."<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Dr. Seton-Watson.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> The London Committee of the N.U.W.S.S.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> A medical colleague.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Mrs. Flinders Petrie.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> I. A. W., niece.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Bishop Nicolai Velimirovic.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Rev. Norman Maclean, D.D.</p></div> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II</h2> + +<h3>THE ROCK FROM WHICH SHE WAS HEWN</h3> + +<blockquote><p><i>"It is not the weariness of mortality, but the Strength of Divinity +which we have to recognize in all mighty things."</i></p></blockquote> + +<p>In the centre stands Elsie Inglis, the "woman of gentle +breeding, short of stature, alert, and with the eyes of a +seer," and "a smile like sunshine"; and on either side and +behind this central figure the stage is crowded with men +and women of long ago, the people of her race. One by +one they catch our eye, and we note their connection with +the central figure.</p> + +<p>Far back in the group (for it is near two hundred years +ago) stands Hugh Inglis, hailing from Inverness-shire. +He was a loyal supporter of Prince Charlie, and the owner +of a yacht, which he used in gun-running in the service +of the Prince.</p> + +<p>A little nearer are two of Elsie's great-grandfathers, +John Fendall and Alexander Inglis. John Fendall was +Governor of Java at the time when the island was +restored to the Dutch. The Dutch fleet arrived to take +it over before Fendall had received his instructions from +the Government, and he refused to give it up till they +reached him—a gesture not without a parallel in the +later years of the life of his descendant. Alexander +Inglis, leaving Inverness-shire, emigrated to South +Carolina, and was there killed in a duel fought on some +point of honour. Through his wife, Mary Deas, Elsie's +descent runs up to Robert the Bruce on the one hand, +and, on the other, to a family who left France after +the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in +Scotland.</p> + +<p>As we thread our way through the various figures +on the stage we are attracted by a group of three +women. They are the daughters of the Governor of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +Java, "the three Miss Fendalls." One of them, Harriet, +is Elsie's grandmother. All three married, and their +descendants in the second generation numbered well over +a hundred! Harriet Fendall married George Powney +Thompson, whose father was at one time secretary to +Warren Hastings. George Thompson himself was a +member of the East India Company, and ruled over large +provinces in India. One of their nine daughters, Harriet +Thompson, was Elsie's mother.</p> + +<p>On the other side of the stage, in the same generation +as the Miss Fendalls, is another group of women. These +are the three sisters of Elsie's grandfather, David Inglis, +son of Alexander, who fared forth to South Carolina, and +counted honour more dear than life.</p> + +<p>David was evidently a restless, keen, adventurous man; +many years of his life were spent in India in the service +of the East India Company. Of his three sisters—Katherine, +painted by Raeburn; Mary, gentle and quiet; +and Elizabeth—we linger longest near Elizabeth. She +never married, and was an outstanding personality in the +little family. She was evidently conversant with all the +questions of the day, and commented on them in the +long, closely written letters which have been preserved.</p> + +<p>After David's return from India he must have intended +at one time to stand for Parliament. Elizabeth writes to +him from her "far corner" in Inverness-shire, giving him +stirring advice, and demanding from him an uncompromising, +high standard. She tells him to "unfurl his +banner"; she knows "he will carry his religion into his +politics." "Separate religion from politics!" cries Elizabeth; +"as well talk of separating our every duty from +religion!"</p> + +<p>Needless anxiety, one would think, on the part of the +good Highland lady, for the temptation to leave religion +out of any of his activities can scarcely have assailed +David. We read that when Elsie's grandfather had +returned from the East to England he used to give missionary +addresses, not, one would think, a common form +of activity in a retired servant of the East India Company. +One hears this note of genuine religion in the lives of +those forebears of Elsie's.</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs023.jpg" id="gs023.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs023.jpg" width='559' height='700' alt="THE MISSES FENDALL" /></p> + +<h5>Lady D'Oyly Mrs. Lowis Mrs. Thompson<br /> + (Elsie's Grandmother)</h5> + +<h4>THE MISSES FENDALL</h4> + +<h5>FROM A DRAWING IN THE POSSESSION OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL C. FENDALL, +C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., ETC.</h5> + +<p>"The extraordinary thing in all the letters, whether<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> +they were written by an Inglis, a Deas, or a Money, is +the pervading note of strong religious faith. They not +only refer to religion, but often, in truly Scottish fashion, +they enter on long theological dissertations."</p> + +<p>David married Martha Money. Close to Martha on the +stage stands her brother, William Taylor Money, Elsie's +great-uncle. We greet him gladly, for he was a man of +character. He was a friend of Wilberforce, and a Member +of Parliament when the Anti-Slavery Bill was passed. +Afterwards "he owned a merchant vessel, and gained great +honour by his capture of several of the Dutch fleet, who +mistook him for a British man-of-war, the smart appearance +of his vessel with its manned guns deceiving them." +There is a picture in Trinity House of his vessel bringing +in the Dutch ships. Later, he was Consul-General +at Venice and the north of Italy, where he died, in +1834, in his gondola! He had strong religious convictions, +and would never infringe the sacredness of the +Sabbath-day by any "secular work." In a short biography +of him, written in 1835, the weight of his religious +beliefs, which made themselves felt both in +Parliament and when Consul, is dwelt on at length. +A son of David and Martha Inglis, John Forbes +David Inglis, was Elsie's father. John went to India +in 1840, following his father's footsteps in the service +of the East India Company. Thirty-six years of his +life were spent there, with only one short furlough home. +He rose to distinction in the service, and gained the love +and trust of the Indian peoples. After he retired in 1876 +one of his Indian friends addressed a letter to him, "John +Inglis, England, Tasmania, or wherever else he may be, +this shall be delivered to him," and through the ingenuity +of the British Post Office it was delivered in Tasmania.</p> + +<p>Elsie's mother, Harriet Thompson, went out to India +when she was seventeen to her father, George Powney +Thompson. She married when she was eighteen.</p> + +<p>She met her future husband, John Inglis, at a dance in +her father's house. Her children were often told by their +father of the white muslin dress, with large purple flowers +all over it, worn by her that evening, and how he and +several of his friends, young men in the district, drove +fifty miles to have the chance of dancing with her!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p> + +<p>"She must have had a steady nerve, for her letters are +full of various adventures in camp and tiger-haunted +jungles, and most of them narrate the presence of one of +her infants, who was accompanying the parents on their +routine of Indian official life." In 1858, when John +Inglis was coming home on his one short furlough, she +trekked down from Lahore to Calcutta with the six +children in country conveyances. The journey took +four months; then came the voyage round the Cape, +another four months. Of course she had the help of +ayahs and bearers on the journeys, but even with such +help it was no easy task.</p> + +<p>John Inglis saw his family settled in Southampton, and +almost immediately had to return to India, on the outbreak +of the Mutiny. His wife stayed at home with the +children, until India was again a safe place for English +women, when she rejoined her husband in 1863.</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>They crowd round Elsie Inglis, these men and women +in their quaint and attractive costumes of long ago; we +feel their influence on her; we see their spirit mingling +with hers. As we run our eye over the crowded stage, +we see the dim outline of the rock from which she was +hewn, we feel the spirit which was hers, and we hail it +again as it drives her forth to play her part in the great +drama of the last three years of her life.</p> + +<p>The members of every family, every group of blood +relations, are held together by the unseen spirit of their +generations. It matters little whether they can trace +their descent or not; the peculiar spirit of that race which +is theirs fashions them for particular purposes and work. +And what are they all but the varied expressions of the +One Divine Mind, of the Endless Life of God?</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs028.jpg" id="gs028.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs028.jpg" width='564' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS AT THE AGE OF 2 YEARS" /></p> + +<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4> + +<h5>AT THE AGE OF 2 YEARS</h5> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III</h2> + +<h3>1864—1894</h3> + +<p>Elsie Inglis was born on August 16, 1864, in India. +The wide plains of India, the "huddled hills" and valleys +of the Himalayas, were the environment with which +Nature surrounded her for the first twelve years of her +life. Her childhood was a happy one, and the most perfect +friendship existed between her and her father from +her earliest days.</p> + +<p>"All our childhood is full of remembrances of father.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> +He never forgot our birthdays; however hot it was down +in the scorched plains, when the day came round, if we +were up in the hills, a large parcel would arrive from him. +His very presence was joy and strength when he came +to us at Naini Tal. What a remembrance there is of early +breakfasts and early walks with him—the father and the +three children! The table was spread in the verandah +between six and seven. Father made three cups of cocoa, +one for each of us, and then the glorious walk! The +ponies followed behind, each with their attendant +grooms, and two or three red-coated chaprassies, father +stopping all along the road to talk to every native who +wished to speak to him, while we three ran about, laughing +and interested in everything. Then, at night, the +shouting for him after we were in bed, and father's step +bounding up the stair in Calcutta, or coming along the +matted floor of our hill home. All order and quietness +were flung to the winds while he said good-night to us.</p> + +<p>"It was always understood that Elsie and he were +special chums, but that never made any jealousy. Father +was always just. The three cups of cocoa were always +the same in quantity and quality. We got equal shares<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> +of his right and his left hand in our walks; but Elsie and +he were comrades, inseparables from the day of her birth.</p> + +<p>"In the background of our lives there was always the +quiet, strong mother, whose eyes and smile live on +through the years. Every morning before the breakfast +and walk there were five minutes when we sat in front of +her in a row on little chairs in her room and read the +Scripture verses in turn, and then knelt in a straight, +quiet row and repeated the prayers after her. Only once +can I remember father being angry with any of us, and +that was when one of us ventured to hesitate in instant +obedience to some wish of hers. I still see the room in +which it happened, and the thunder in his voice is with +me still."</p> + +<p>There was a constant change of scene during these +years in India—Allahabad, Naini Tal, Calcutta, Simla, and +Lucknow. After her father retired, two years in Australia +visiting older brothers who had settled there, and +then in 1878 home to the land of her fathers.</p> + +<p>On the voyage home, when Elsie was about fourteen, +her mother writes of her:</p> + +<p>"Elsie has found occupation for herself in helping to +nurse sick children and look after turbulent boys who +trouble everybody on board, and a baby of seven months +old is an especial favourite with her."</p> + +<p>But through the changing scenes there was always growing +and deepening the beautiful comradeship between +father and daughter. The family settled in Edinburgh, +and Elsie went to school to the Charlotte Square Institution, +perhaps in those days the best school for girls in +Edinburgh. In the history class taught by Mr. Hossack +she was nearly always at the top.</p> + +<p>Of her school life in Edinburgh a companion writes:</p> + +<p>"I remember quite distinctly when the girls of 23, +Charlotte Square were told that two girls from Tasmania +were coming to the school, and a certain feeling +of surprise that the said girls were just like ordinary +mortals, though the big, earnest brows and the hair +quaintly parted in the middle and done up in plaits +fastened up at the back of the head were certainly not +ordinary.</p> + +<p>"A friend has the story of a question going round the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> +class; she thinks Clive or Warren Hastings was the subject +of the lesson, and the question was what one would +do if a calumny were spread about one. 'Deny it,' one girl +answered. 'Fight it,' another. Still the teacher went on +asking. 'Live it down,' said Elsie. 'Right, Miss Inglis.' +My friend writes: 'The question I cannot remember; it +was the bright, confident smile with the answer, and Mr. +Hossack's delighted wave to the top of the class that +abides in my memory.'</p> + +<p>"I always think a very characteristic story of Elsie is +her asking that the school might have permission to play +in Charlotte Square Gardens. In those days no one +thought of providing fresh-air exercise for girls except +by walks, and tennis was just coming in. Elsie had the +courage (to us schoolgirls it seemed extraordinary courage) +to confront the three Directors of the school, and +ask if we might be allowed to play in the gardens of the +Square. The three Directors together were to us the +most formidable and awe-inspiring body, though separately +they were amiable and estimable men!</p> + +<p>"The answer was, we might play in the gardens if the +residents of the Square would give their consent, and the +heroic Elsie, with, I think, one other girl, actually went +round to each house in the Square and asked consent of +the owner. In those days the inhabitants of Charlotte +Square were very select and exclusive indeed, and we all +felt it was a brave thing to do. Elsie gained her point, +and the girls played at certain hours in the Square till a +regular playing-field was arranged.... Elsie's companion +or companions in this first adventure to influence +those in authority have been spoken of as 'her first +Unit.'"<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p> + +<p>When she was eighteen she went for a year to Paris +with six other girls, in charge of Miss Gordon Brown. +She came home again shortly before her mother's death +in January, 1885. Henceforth she was her father's constant +companion. They took long walks together, talked +on every subject, and enjoyed many humorous episodes +together. On one point only they disagreed—Home +Rule for Ireland: she for it, he against.</p> + +<p>During the nine years from 1885 to her father's death<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> +in 1894, she began and completed her medical studies +with his full approval. The great fight for the opening +of the door for women to study medicine had been fought +and won earlier by Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake, Dr. Garrett +Anderson, and others. But though the door was open, +there was still much opposition to be encountered and a +certain amount of persecution to be borne when the +women of Dr. Inglis's time ventured to enter the halls of +medical learning.</p> + +<p>Along the pathway made easy for them by these +women of the past, hundreds of young women are to-day +entering the medical profession. As we look at them we +realize that in their hands, to a very large extent, lies the +solving of the acutest problem of our race—the +relation of the sexes. Will they fail us? Will they +be content with a solution along lines that can only +be called a second best? When we remember the clear-brained +women in whose steps they follow, who opened +the medical world for them, and whose spirits will for +ever overshadow the women who walk in it, we know +they will not fail us.</p> + +<p>Elsie Inglis pursued her medical studies in Edinburgh +and Glasgow. After she qualified she was for six months +House-Surgeon in the New Hospital for Women and +Children in London, and then went to the Rotunda in +Dublin for a few months' special study in midwifery.</p> + +<p>She returned home in March, 1894, in time to be with +her father during his last illness. Daily letters had +passed between them whenever she was away from home. +His outlook on life was so broad and tolerant, his judgment +on men and affairs so sane and generous, his religion +so vital, that with perfect truth she could say, as +she did, at one of the biggest meetings she addressed +after her return from Serbia: "If I have been able to do +anything, I owe it all to my father."</p> + +<p>After his death she started practice with Dr. Jessie +Macgregor at 8, Walker Street, Edinburgh. It was a +happy partnership for the few years it lasted, until for +family reasons Dr. Macgregor left Scotland for America. +Dr. Inglis stayed on in Walker Street, taking over Dr. +Macgregor's practice. Then followed years of hard +work and interests in many directions.</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs033.jpg" id="gs033.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs033.jpg" width='489' height='700' alt="JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS, ELSIE INGLIS' FATHER" /></p> + +<h4>JOHN FORBES DAVID INGLIS</h4> + +<h5>ELSIE INGLIS' FATHER</h5> + +<h5>"If I have been able to do anything—whatever I am, whatever I have done—<br /> +I owe it all to my Father."</h5> + +<h5 class='right'><i>Elsie Inglis, at a meeting held in the Criterion<br /> +Theatre, London, April 5th, 1916</i></h5> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>The Hospice for Women and Children in the High +Street of Edinburgh was started. Her practice grew, +and she became a keen suffragist. During these years +also she evidently faced and solved her problems.</p> + +<p>She was a woman capable of great friendships. During +the twenty years of her professional life perhaps the +three people who stood nearest to her were her sister, +Mrs. Simson, and the Very Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Wallace +Williamson. These friendships were a source of great +strength and comfort to her.</p> + +<p>We may fitly close this chapter by quoting descriptions +of Dr. Inglis by two of her friends—Miss S. E. S. Mair, +of Edinburgh, and Dr. Beatrice Russell:</p> + +<p>"In outward appearance Dr. Inglis was no Amazon, +but just a woman of gentle breeding, courteous, sweet-voiced, +somewhat short of stature, alert, and with the +eyes of a seer, blue-grey and clear, looking forth from +under a brow wide and high, with soft brown hair +brushed loosely back; with lips often parted in a radiant +smile, discovering small white teeth and regular, but lips +which were at times firmly closed with a fixity of purpose +such as would warn off unwarrantable opposition or +objections from less bold workers. Those clear eyes had +a peculiar power of withdrawing on rare occasions, as it +were, behind a curtain when their owner desired to absent +herself from discussion of points on which she preferred +to give no opinion. It was no mere expression such as +absent-mindedness might produce, but was, as she herself +was aware, a voluntary action of withdrawal from all +participation in what was going on. The discussion +over, in a moment the blinds would be up and the soul +looked forth through its clear windows with steady gaze. +Whether the aural doors had been closed also there is +no knowing."</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>"She was a keen politician—in the pre-war days a +staunch supporter of the Liberal party, and in the years +immediately preceding the war she devoted much of her +time to work in connection with the Women's Suffrage +movement. She was instrumental in organizing the +Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies, and +was Honorary Secretary of the Federation up to the time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +of her death. But the factor which most greatly contributed +to her influence was the unselfishness of her +work. She truly 'set the cause above renown' and loved +'the game beyond the prize.' She was always above the +suspicion of working for ulterior motives or grinding a +personal axe. It was ever the work, and not her own +share in it, which concerned her, and no one was more +generous in recognizing the work of others.</p> + +<p>"To her friends Elsie Inglis is a vivid memory, yet it +is not easy clearly to put in words the many sides of her +character. In the care of her patients she was sympathetic, +strong, and unsparing of herself; in public life +she was a good speaker and a keen fighter; while as a +woman and a friend she was a delightful mixture of +sound good sense, quick temper, and warm-hearted impulsiveness—a +combination of qualities which won her +many devoted friends. A very marked feature of her +character was an unusual degree of optimism which never +failed her. Difficulties never existed for Dr. Inglis, and +were barely so much as thought of in connection with +any cause she might have at heart. This, with her clear +head and strong common sense, made her a real driving +power, and any scheme which had her interest always +owed much to her ability to push things through."</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>In the following chapters the principal events in her +life during these twenty years—1894 to 1914—will be +dealt with in detail, before we arrive at the story of the +last three years and of the "Going Forth."</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> From contributions to <i>Dr. Elsie Inglis</i>, by Lady Frances +Balfour.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> <i>Dr. Elsie Inglis</i>, by Lady Frances Balfour.</p></div> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV</h2> + +<h3>HER MEDICAL CAREER</h3> + +<h4>1894-1914</h4> + +<p>During the years from 1894 to 1914 the main stream in +Elsie Inglis's life was her medical work. This was her +profession, her means of livelihood; it was also the +source from which she drew conclusions in various directions, +which influenced her conduct in after-years, and it +supplied the foundation and the scaffolding for the structure +of her achievements at home and abroad.</p> + +<p>The pursuit of her profession for twenty years in Edinburgh +brought to her many experiences which roused +new and wide interests, and which left their impress on +her mind.</p> + +<p>One who was a fellow-student writes of her classmate: +"She impressed one immediately with her mental and +physical sturdiness. She had an extremely pleasant face, +with a finely moulded forehead, soft, kind, fearless, blue +eyes, and a smile, when it came, like sunshine; with this +her mouth and chin were firm and determined."</p> + +<p>She was a student of the School of Medicine for +Women in Edinburgh of which Dr. Jex-Blake was +Dean—a fine woman of strong character, to whom, and +to a small group of fellow-workers in England, women +owe the opening of the door of the medical profession. +As Dean, however, she may have erred in attempting an +undue control over the students. To Elsie Inglis and +some of her fellow-students this seemed to prejudice +their liberty, and to frustrate an aim she always had in +view, the recognition by the public of an equal footing +on all grounds with men students. The difficulties +became so great that Elsie Inglis at length left the +Edinburgh school and continued her education at Glas<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>gow, +where at St. Margaret's College classes in medicine +had recently been opened. A fellow-student writes: +"Never very keenly interested in the purely scientific side +of the curriculum, she had a masterly grasp of what was +practical." She took her qualifying medical diploma in +1902.</p> + +<p>After her return to Edinburgh she started a scheme +and brought it to fruition with that fearlessness and +ability which at a later period came to be expected from +her, both by her friends and by the public. With +the help of sympathetic lecturers and friends of The +Women's Movement, she succeeded in establishing a +second School of Medicine for Women in Edinburgh, +with its headquarters at Minto House, a building which +had been associated with the study of medicine since the +days of Syme. It proved a successful venture. After +the close of Dr. Jex-Blake's school a few years later, it +was the only school for women students in Edinburgh, +and continued to be so till the University opened its doors +to them.</p> + +<p>It was mainly due to Dr. Inglis's exertions that The +Hospice was opened in the High Street of Edinburgh as +a nursing home and maternity centre staffed by medical +women. An account of it and of Dr. Inglis's work in +connection with it is given in a later chapter.</p> + +<p>She was appointed Joint-Surgeon to the Edinburgh +Bruntsfield Hospital and Dispensary for Women and +Children, also staffed by women and one of the fruits of +Dr. Jex-Blake's exertions. Here, again, Elsie Inglis's +courage and energy made themselves felt. She desired +a larger field for the usefulness of the institution, and +proposed to enlarge the hospital to such an extent that +its accommodation for patients should be doubled. A +colleague writes: "Once again the number must be +doubled, always with the same idea in view—<i>i.e.</i>, to +insure the possibilities for gaining experience for women +doctors. Once again the committee was carried along +on a wave of unprecedented effort to raise money. An +eager band of volunteers was organized, among them +some of her own students. Bazaars and entertainments +were arranged, special appeals were issued, and the necessary +money was found, and the alterations carried out.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> +It was never part of Dr. Inglis's policy to wait till the +money came in. She always played a bold game, and +took risks which left the average person aghast, and in +the end she invariably justified her action by accomplishing +the task which she set herself, and, at times it must +be owned, which she set an all too unwilling committee! +But for that breezy and invincible faith and optimism the +Scottish Women's Hospitals would never have taken +shape in 1914."</p> + +<p>Dr. Inglis's plea for the Units of the Scottish Women's +Hospital was always that they might be sent "where the +need was greatest." In these years of work before the war +the same motive, to supply help where it was most needed, +seems to have guided her private practice, for we read: +"Dr. Inglis was perhaps seen at her best in her dispensary +work, for she was truly the friend and the champion +of the working woman, and especially of the mother in +poor circumstances and struggling to bring up a large +family. Morrison Street Dispensary and St. Anne's Dispensary +were the centre of this work, and for years to +come mothers will be found in this district who will +relate how Dr. Inglis put at their service the best of her +professional skill and, more than that, gave them unstintedly +of her sympathy and understanding."</p> + +<p>Dr. Wallace Williamson, of St. Giles's Cathedral, writing +of her after her death, is conscious also of this impulse +always manifesting itself in her to work where difficulties +abounded. He points out: "Of her strictly professional +career it may be truly said that her real attraction had +been to work among the suffering poor.... She was +seen at her best in hospice and dispensary, and in homes +where poverty added keenness to pain. There she gave +herself without reserve. Questions of professional +rivalry or status of women slipped away in her large +sympathy and helpfulness. Like a truly 'good physician,' +she gave them from her own courage an uplift of +spirit even more valuable than physical cure. She understood +them and was their friend. To her they were not +merely patients, but fellow-women. It was one of her +great rewards that the poor folk to whom she gave of +her best rose to her faith in them, whatever their privations +or temptations. Her relations with them were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> +remote from mere routine, and so distinctively human +and real that her name is everywhere spoken with the +note of personal loss. Had not the wider call come, this +side of her work awaited the fulfilment of ever nobler +dreams."</p> + +<p>She was loved and appreciated as a doctor not only +by her poorer patients, but by those whom she attended +in all ranks of society.</p> + +<p>Of her work as an operator and lecturer two of her +colleagues say:</p> + +<p>"It was a pleasure to see Dr. Inglis in the operating-theatre. +She was quiet, calm, and collected, and never +at a loss, skilful in her manipulations, and able to cope +with any emergency."</p> + +<p>"As a lecturer she proved herself clear and concise, +and the level of her lectures never fell below that of the +best established standards. Students were often heard +to say that they owed to her a clear and a practical +grasp of a subject which is inevitably one of the most +important for women doctors."</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>Should it be asked what was the secret of her success +in her work, the answer would not be difficult to find. A +clear brain she had, but she had more. She had vision, +for her life was based on a profound trust in God, and +her vision was that of a follower of Christ, the vision of +the kingdom of heaven upon earth. This was the true +source of that remarkable optimism which carried her +over difficulties deemed by others insurmountable. Once +started in pursuit of an object, she was most reluctant +to abandon it, and her gaze was so keenly fixed on the +end in view that it must be admitted she was found by +some to be "ruthless" in the way in which she pushed on +one side any who seemed to her to be delaying or +obstructing the fulfilment of her project. There was, +however, never any selfish motive prompting her; the +end was always a noble one, for she had an unselfish, +generous nature. An intimate friend, well qualified to +judge, herself at first prejudiced against her, writes:</p> + +<p>"In everything she did that was always to me her +most outstanding characteristic, her self-effacing and +abounding generosity. Indeed, it was so characteristic<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> +of her that it was often misunderstood and her action +was imputed to a desire for self-advertisement. A fellow-doctor +told me that when she was working in one of +the Edinburgh laboratories she heard men discussing +something Dr. Inglis had undertaken, and, evidently finding +her action quite incomprehensible, they concluded it +was dictated by personal ambition. My friend turned on +them in the most emphatic way: 'You were never more +mistaken. The thought of self or self-interest never +even entered Elsie Inglis's mind in anything she did or +said.'" Again, another writes: "One recalls her generous +appreciation of any good work done by other women, +especially by younger women. Any attempt to strike +out in a new line, any attempt to fill a post not previously +occupied by a woman, received her unstinted admiration +and warm support."</p> + +<p>It was her delight to show hospitality to her friends, +many of whom, especially women doctors and friends +made in the Suffrage movement, stayed with her at her +house in Walker Street, Edinburgh. But her hospitality +did not end there. One doctor, whom we have already +quoted, on arrival on a visit, found that only the day +before Dr. Inglis had said good-bye to a party of guests, +a woman with five children, a patient badly in need of +rest, who had the misfortune to have an unhappy home, +and was without any relatives to help her. Dr. Inglis's +relations with her poor patients have been already +referred to. Not only did she give them all she could +in the way of professional attention and skill, but her +generosity to them was unbounded. "I had a patient," +writes a doctor, "very ill with pulmonary tuberculosis. +She was to go to a sanatorium, and her widowed mother +was quite unable to provide the rather ample outfit +demanded. Dr. Inglis gave me everything for her, down +to umbrella and goloshes."</p> + +<p>Naturally her devotion was returned, though in one +case which is recorded Dr. Inglis's care met with resentment +at first. A woman who was expecting a baby—her +ninth—applied at a dispensary where Dr. Inglis happened +to be in charge. Her advice was distasteful to the +patient, who tried another dispensary, only to meet again +with the same advice, again from a woman member of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +the profession. A third dispensary brought her the same +fortune! Eventually, when the need for professional +skill came, she was attended by the two latter doctors +she had seen, for the case proved to be a difficult one. +Requiring the aid of greater experience—for they were +juniors—they sent for Dr. Inglis, with whose help the +lives of mother and child were saved. Thus the patient +was attended in the end by all the three women physicians +whose advice she had scorned. The child was the first +boy in the large family, and the mother's gratitude and +delight after her recovery knew no bounds. It found, +however, Scotch expression, shall we say? in her tribute, +"Weel, I've had the hale three o' ye efter a', and ye canna +say I hae'na likit ye—<i>at the hinder en' at ony rate</i>!" +"That woman kept us busy with patients for many a +day," writes one of the three. The bulky mother-in-law +of one patient expressed her admiration of the doctor +and her lack of faith in the justice of things by saying: +"It's no fair Dr. Inglis is a woman; if she'd been a man, +she'd ha' been a millionaire!" The doctor in whose +memory these incidents live says of her friend: "No item +was too trivial, no trouble too great to take, if she could +help a human being, or if she could push forward or help +a younger doctor."</p> + +<p>If Elsie Inglis's intrepidity, determination, and invincible +optimism were well known to the public, the +circle of her friends was warmed by the truly loving +heart with which they came in contact.</p> + +<p>The following incident may show in some degree what +a tender heart it was. A friend whose brother died, after +an operation, in a nursing home in Edinburgh was staying +at Dr. Inglis's house when the death occurred. The +body had to be taken to the Highland home in the North. +The sister writes: "My younger brother called for me +in the early morning, as we had to leave by the 3 a.m. +train to accompany the body to Inverness. When Dr. +Inglis had said good-bye to us and we drove away in the +cab, my brother—he is just an ordinary keen business +man—turned to me with his eyes filled with tears, and +said: 'I should have liked to kiss her like my mother.' +(We had never known our mother.)"</p> + +<p>In the fourteenth century, in that wonderful and most<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +lovable woman, Catherine of Siena, we find the same +union of strength and tenderness which was so noticeable +in Dr. Inglis. In the <i>Life</i> of St. Catherine it is said: +"Everybody loves Catherine Benincasa because she was +always and everywhere a woman in every fibre of her +being. By nature and temperament she was fitted to be +what she succeeded in remaining to the end—a strong, +noble woman, whose greatest strength lay in her tenderness, +and whose nobility sprung from her tender +femininity."</p> + +<p>In her political sagacity, her optimism, and cheerfulness +also, she reminds us of Elsie Inglis. During St. +Catherine's Mission to Tuscany the following story is +told of her by her biographer: "The other case" (of +healing) "was that of Messer Matteo, her friend, the +Rector of Misericordia, who had been one of the most +active of the heretic priests in Siena. To this good man, +lying <i>in extremis</i> after terrible agony, Catherine entered, +crying cheerfully: 'Rise up, rise up, Ser Matteo! This +is not the time to be taking your ease in bed!' Immediately +the disease left him, and he, who could so ill be +spared at such a time, arose whole and sound to minister +to others."<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></p> + +<p>We smile as we read of Catherine's "cheerful" +entrance into this sick-chamber, and those who knew +Dr. Inglis can recall many such a breezy entrance into +the depressing atmosphere of some of her patients' sickrooms.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> <i>Catherine of Siena</i>, by C. M. Antony.</p></div> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V</h2> + +<h3>THE SOLVED PROBLEMS</h3> + +<blockquote><p>"<i>It is the solution worked out in the life, not merely in words, +that brings home to other lives the fact that the problem is not +insoluble</i>."</p></blockquote> + +<p>It may be truly said that special types of problems come +before the unmarried woman for solution—problems as +to her connection with society and with the race, which +confront her as they do not others. Though few signs +of a mental struggle were visible on the surface, there is +no doubt that Elsie Inglis met these problems and settled +them in the silence of her heart. It is a fact of much +interest in connection with the subject of this memoir +that amongst the papers found after she had died is the +MS. of a novel written by herself, entitled <i>The Story of +a Modern Woman</i>, and one turns the pages with eager +interest to see if they furnish a key to the path along +which she travelled in solving her problems. The expectation +is realized, and in reading the pages of the novel +we find the secret of the assurance and happy courage +which characterized her. Whether she intended it or +not, many parts of the book are without doubt autobiographical. +In this chapter we propose to give some +extracts from the novel which we consider justify the +belief that the authoress is describing her own experiences.</p> + +<p>The first extract refers to her "discovery" that she +was almost entirely without fear. The heroine is Hildeguard +Forrest, a woman of thirty-seven, a High School +teacher. During a boating accident, which might have +resulted fatally, the fact reveals itself to Hildeguard that +she does not know what fear is. The story of the accident +closes with these words:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p> + +<blockquote><p>"Self-revelation is not usually a pleasant process. Not often do +we find ourselves better than we expected. Usually the sudden flash +that shows us ourselves makes us blush with shame at the sight we +see. But very rarely, and for the most part for the people who are +not self-conscious, the flash may, in a moment, reveal unknown +powers or unsuspected strength.</p> + +<p>"And Hildeguard, sitting back in the boat, suddenly realized +she wasn't a coward. She looked back in surprise over her life, +and remembered that the terror which as a child would seize her +in a sudden emergency was the fear of being parted from her mother, +not any personal fear for herself, or her own safety.</p> + +<p>"Such a pleasurable glow swept over her as she sat there in the +rocking boat. 'Why, no,' she thought; 'I wasn't frightened.'"</p></blockquote> + +<p>A similar accident befell Elsie Inglis when a young +woman. Whether the absence of fear disclosed itself to +her then or not cannot be said, but she is known to have +said to a friend after her return from Serbia: "It was a +great day in my life when I discovered that I did not +know what fear was."</p> + +<p>Benjamin Kidd in <i>The Science of Power</i> gives (unintentionally) +an indication where to look for the secret +of the childless woman's feeling of loneliness—<i>she has +no link with the future</i>. He affirms that woman because +of her very nature has her roots in the future. "To +women," he says, "the race is always more than the +individual; the future greater than the present."</p> + +<p>As we follow Hildeguard through the pages of the +novel, she is shown to us as faced with the problem of +becoming "a lonely woman," the problem that meets the +unmarried and the childless woman. And the claims +and the meaning of religion are confronting her too. +The story traces the workings of Hildeguard's mind and +the events of her life for a year.</p> + +<p>Christmas Day in the novel finds Hildeguard a lonely +and dissatisfied woman with no "sure anchor." She has +had a happy childhood, with many relations and friends +around her. One by one these are taken from her—some +are dead, others are married—and she sees herself, +at the age of thirty-seven, a forlorn figure with no great +interest in the future, and her thoughts dwelling mostly +on the joyous past. Two or three of Hildeguard's +friends are conversing together in her rooms. None of +them has had a happy day. Each in her own way is +feeling the depression of the lonely woman. Frances, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> +little Quaker lady, enters the room, as someone remarks +on the sadness of Christmas-time.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"'Yes,' at last said the Quaker lady; 'I heard what you said as +I came in, dear. Christmas is a hard time with all its memories. +<i>I think I have found out what we lonely women want. It is a future</i>. +Our thoughts are always turning to the past. There is not anything +to link us on to the next generation. You see other women +with their families—it is the future to which they look. However +good the past has been, they expect more to come, for their sons +and their daughters. Their life goes on in other lives.' Hildeguard +clasped her hands round her knees and stared into the fire."</p></blockquote> + +<p>"Their life goes on in other lives"—the thought finds +a home in Hildeguard's mind. When, soon after, the +little Quakeress dies, Hildeguard, looking at the quiet +face, says to herself: "<i>Dear little woman! So you have +got your future.</i>" But in her own case she does not wait +for death to bring it to her; she faces her problems, +and, refusing to be swamped by them, makes the currents +carry her bark along to the free, open sea. She +flings herself whole-heartedly into causes whose hopes +rest in the future. She draws around her children, who +need her love and care, and makes them her hostages +for the future. In all this we see Elsie Inglis describing +a stage in her own life.</p> + +<p>But before the story brings us round again to Christmas, +something else has helped to change the outlook +for Hildeguard; she has found herself in relation to God. +Her religion is no merely inherited thing—not hers at +second-hand, this "link with God." It is a real thing to +her, found for herself, made part of herself, and so her +sure foundation. It has come to her in a flash, a never-to-be-forgotten +illumination of the words: "<i>The Power +of an Endless Life</i>." She faces life now glad and free.</p> + +<p>In her "den" on that Christmas Eve she is described +thus to us by Elsie Inglis:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Ann had put holly berries over the pictures, and the mantelpiece, +too, was covered with it. Between the masses of green and +the red berries stood the solid, old-fashioned, gilt frames of long +ago, the photographs in them becoming yellow with age. Hildeguard +turned to them from the portraits on the walls. She +stood, her hands resting on the edge of the mantelpiece. Then +suddenly it came to her that her whole attitude towards life and +death had altered. For long these old photographs had stood to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> +her as symbols of a past glowing with happiness. Though the pain +still lingered even after time had dulled the edge, yet the old pictures +typified all that was best in life, and the dim mist of the years rose +up between the good days and her.</p> + +<p>"But now, as she looked, her thoughts did not turn to the past. +In some unexplained way the loves of long ago seemed to be entwined +with a future so wonderful and so enticing that her heart +bounded as she thought of it.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<div>"'Grow old along with me;</div> +<div>The best is yet to be.'</div> +</div></div> + +<p>"Only last Christmas those words would have meant nothing to +her. Then her bark seemed to be stranded among shallows. She +felt that she was an old woman, and 'second bests' her lot in the +coming years. There could never be any life equal to the old life, +in the back-water into which she had drifted.</p> + +<p>"But to-day how different the outlook! Her ship was flying over +a sunlit sea, the good wind bulging out the canvas. She felt the +thrill of excitement and adventure in her veins as she stood at the +helm and gazed across the dancing water. It seemed to her as if she +had been asleep and the "Celestial Surgeon" had come and 'stabbed +her spirit broad awake.' Joy had done its work, and sorrow; responsibility +had come with its stimulating spur, and the ardent delight +of battle in a great crusade. New powers she had discovered +in herself, new possibilities in the world around her. She was ready +for her 'adventure brave and new.' Rabbi Ben Ezra had waited +for death to open the gate to it, but to Hildeguard it seemed that +she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure brave and new' in +which death itself was also an adventure.</p> + +<p>"'The Power of an Endless Life'—the words seemed to +hover around her, just eluding her grasp, just beyond her +comprehension, yet something of their significance she seemed +to catch. She remembered the flash of intuition as she +stood beside Frances' newly-made grave, but she realized, her +eyes on the old pictures, that it would take æons to understand +all it meant, to exhaust all the wonder of the idea. She could only +bring to it her undeveloped powers of thought and of imagination, +but she knew that stretching away, hid in an inexpressible light, +lay depths undreamt of. To her nineteenth-century intellect life +could only mean evolution—life ever taking to itself new forms, +developing itself in new ways. At the bed-rock of all her thought +lay the consciousness of 'the Power not ourselves, which makes for +Righteousness.'</p> + +<p>"No mystic she, to whom an ineffable union with the Highest +was the goal of all. Never even distantly did she reach to +that idea. Rather she was one of God's simple-hearted soldiers, +who took her orders and stood to her post. The words thrilled her, +not with the prospect of rest, but with the excitement of advance, +'an Endless Life' with ever new possibilities of growth and of +achievement, ever greater battles to be fought for the right, and +always new hopes of happiness. Doubtingly and hesitatingly she +committed herself to the thought, conscious that it had been forming<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +slowly and unregarded in the strenuous months that lay behind her, +through the long years, ever since the first seemingly hopeless 'good-bye' +had wrung her heart. She began dimly to feel the 'power' of +the idea, the life of which she was the holder, only 'part of a greater +whole.' Earth itself only a step in a great progression. Ever upward, +ever onward, marching towards some 'Divine far-off event, +to which the whole creation moves.'"</p></blockquote> + +<p>If another pen than Elsie Inglis's had drawn the picture +we should have said it was one of herself. Surely +she was able to weave around her heroine, from the +depth of her own inner experiences of solved problems, +the mantle of joy and freedom with which she herself +was clothed.</p> + +<p>The causes to which Elsie Inglis became a tower of +strength; the "nation she twice saved from despair"; +the many children, not only those in her own connection, +on whom she lavished love and care, are the witnesses +to-day of the completeness and the splendour of her +power to mould each adverse circumstance in her life and +make it yield a great advantage.</p> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI</h2> + +<h3>"HER CHILDREN"</h3> + +<p>"Wonderful courage," "intrepidity of action," "strength +of purpose," "no weakening pity"—these are terms that +are often used in describing Elsie Inglis. But there is +another side to her character, not so well known, from +its very nature bound to be less known, which it is the +purpose of this chapter to discover.</p> + +<p>Elsie Inglis was a very loving woman, and she was a +child-lover. From every source that touched her life, +and, touching it, brought her into contact with child-life, +she, by her interest in children, drew to herself this healing +link with the future. The children of her poorer +patients knew well the place they held in her heart. "They +would watch from the windows, on her dispensary days, +for her, and she would wave to them across the street. +She would often stop them in the street, and ask after +their mother, and even after she had been to Serbia and +had returned to Edinburgh she remembered them and +their home affairs."<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a></p> + +<p>The daily letters to her father, written from Glasgow +and London and Dublin, are full of stories about the +children of her patients. Who but a genuine child-lover +could have found time to write to a little niece, under +twelve, letters from Serbia and Russia—one in August, +1915, during "The Long, Peaceful Summer," and the +other in an ambulance train near Odessa?</p> + +<p>Her book, <i>The Story of a Modern Woman</i>, contains +many descriptions which reveal a mind to whom the ways +of children are of deep interest. We draw once more +from the pages of the novel, as in no other way can we +show so well the mother-heart that was hers.</p> + +<p>One of Hildeguard's friends, dying in India, leaves<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> +three small children, whom she commends to her pity. +Hildeguard's heart responds at once, and the orphans +find their home with her. Her first meeting with the +frightened children and their black nurse is described in +detail:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"'Just let's wait a minute or two,' said Hildeguard. 'Let them +get used to me. Well, Baby,' she said, turning to the ayah, and +holding out her arms.</p> + +<p>"With a great leap and a gurgle Baby precipitated himself +towards her, his strong little hands clutching uncertainly at the +brooch at her throat. Then the buttons distracted him, and then, +after a serious look at her face, his eyes suddenly caught sight of +the hat above it, and the irresistible gleam of some ornament on +it. With wildly working hands he pulled himself to his feet, and, +with one fat little hand on her face, grabbed at the shining jet.</p> + +<p>"Hildeguard, laughing, and submitting herself half resistingly to +the onslaught, felt her hat dragged sideways by the uncertain little +hand.</p> + +<p>"She held the little one close to her, still laughing, kissing the +firm little arms and hands, and talking baby nonsense as if it had +been her mother-tongue for years.</p> + +<p>"The brooch again caught Baby's eye, and he made another +determined raid on it. He seized it and pricked his finger. Down +went the corners of his mouth.</p> + +<p>"'There now,' said Hildeguard, 'I knew you'd do that, you +duckie boy,' kissing the pricked hand over and over again. 'And +good little sonnie is not to cry. A watch is much safer than a +brooch: now let's see if we can get at it,' feeling in her belt.</p> + +<p>"The watch was grabbed at and went straight to his mouth.</p> + +<p>"'Does your watch blow open?' asked Rex.</p> + +<p>"'Come and see,' said Hildeguard.</p> + +<p>"Rex came without a moment's hesitation. Eileen was forgotten +in the interest of a new investigation. The watch did blow open. +How exceedingly exciting! He leaned both arms on Hildeguard's +knee while he defended the watch from Baby's greedy attacks. +Then he suddenly remembered something of more importance.</p> + +<p>"'I've got a watch too.' He wriggled wildly with excitement, +and pulled out a Waterbury.</p> + +<p>"'Well, you are a lucky boy!' said Hildeguard.</p> + +<p>"Eileen had come forward too, but Hildeguard waited for her +to speak before noticing the advance. Rex was standing near to +her, pointing out the beauties of the watch, the hands, etc.</p> + +<p>"'And—and—bigger like that'—stretching his arms wide—'bigger +like that than your watch.'</p> + +<p>"'Your watch,' said Eileen, 'is little and tiny, like Mummy's +watch. But Mummy's watch pins on here,' dabbing at Hildeguard's +blouse. Then suddenly she raised swimming eyes to Hildeguard's: +'I do want Mummy,' she said.</p> + +<p>"'Darling,' cried Hildeguard, catching Baby with her right +arm, so as to free the other to draw Eileen to her—'Darling, so we +all do.'"</p></blockquote><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> + +<p>It is a simple account of the little ways of shy children. +Many a mother could have written it equally well.</p> + +<p>But the interest of Elsie Inglis's descriptions of +children lies in the fact that they come from the pen of +a woman of action, a woman of iron nerve, and they give +us the other side of her character.</p> + +<p>And then—she was a woman whom no child called +mother! But thank God the instinct is not one that can +be dammed up or lost, and in these writings we get a +glimpse of that motherhood which was hers, and which +her life showed to be deep enough and wide enough to +sweep under its wing the human souls, men, women, and +children, who, passing near it, and being in need, cried +out for help, and never cried in vain. To quote a +fellow-woman:</p> + +<p>"The emotions which are the strongest force in a +woman must not live in the past; they must not be used +introspectively, nor for personal pleasure and gratification. +Used thus, they destroy the woman and weaken +the race. But <i>flung forward</i>, flung into interests outside +of the woman herself, and thus transmuted into power, +they become to her her salvation, and to the race a constructive +element."</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> <i>Dr. Elsie Inglis</i>, by Lady Frances Balfour.</p></div> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII</h2> + +<h3>THE HOSPICE</h3> + +<p>During her medical career Dr. Inglis never lost sight +of one aim, equal opportunity for the woman with the +man in all branches of education and practical training +and responsibility. She recognized that young women +doctors in Edinburgh suffered under a serious disadvantage +in being ineligible for the post of resident medical +officer in the Royal Infirmary and the chief maternity +hospital. "But," writes a friend, "it was characteristic +of her and her inherent inability to visualize obstacles +except as incentive to greater effort that she set herself +to remedy this disadvantage instead of accepting it as +an insurmountable difficulty. <i>Women doctors must +found a maternity hospital of their own.</i> That was her +first decision. A committee was formed, and the public +responded generously to an appeal for funds." Through +the kindness of Dr. Hugh Barbour, a house in George +Square was put at the committee's disposal. But Dr. +Inglis felt that it must be near the homes of the poor +women who needed its shelter, and after four years a +site was chosen in the historic High Street. Three +stories in a huge "tenement," reached by a narrow winding +stair, were adapted, and The Hospice opened its +doors.</p> + +<p>It was opened in 1901 as a hospital for women, with a +dispensary and out-patient department, admitting cases +of accident and general illness as well as maternity +patients. After nine years, it was decided to draft the +general cases from the district to the Edinburgh Hospital +for Women and Children, and The Hospice devoted +all its beds to maternity cases.</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs053.jpg" id="gs053.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs053.jpg" width='427' height='700' alt="THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH" /></p> + +<p class="right"><i>Photo by D. Scott</i></p> + +<h4>THE HOSPICE, HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH</h4> + +<p>As soon as the admission book showed a steady intake +of patients, Dr. Inglis applied for and secured recogni<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>tion +as a lecturer for the Central Midwifery Board, in +order to be in a position to admit resident pupils (nurses +and students) to The Hospice for practical instruction in +midwifery. She at the same time applied to the University +of Edinburgh for recognition as an extramural lecturer +on gynæcology. Recognition was granted, and for +some years she lectured, using The Hospice or the Edinburgh +Hospital for Women and Children at Bruntsfield +Place for her practical instruction.</p> + +<p>A woman doctor writes: "In thus starting a maternity +hospital in the heart of this poor district she showed the +understanding born of her long experience in the High +Street and her great sympathy for all women in their +hour of need. Single-handed she developed a maternity +indoor and district service, training her nurses herself in +anticipation of the extension of the Midwives Act to +Scotland. Never too tired to turn out at night as well +as by day, cheerfully taking on the necessary lecturing, +she always worked to lay such a foundation that a properly +equipped maternity hospital would be the natural +outcome."</p> + +<p>Though hampered by lack of money and suitable assistance, +she was never daunted, and in a characteristic way +insisted that all necessary medical requirements should +be met, whatever the expense. She worked at The +Hospice with devotion. Though cherishing always her +aim of an institution which, while serving the poor, +should provide a training for women doctors, she threw +herself heart and soul into the work because she loved it +for its own sake, and she loved her poor patients.</p> + +<p>In 1913 Dr. Inglis went to America, and her letters +were full of her plans for further development on her +return. At Muskegon, Michigan, she found a small +memorial hospital, of which she wrote enthusiastically +as the exact thing she wanted for midwifery in Edinburgh.</p> + +<p>On returning from America, for a time she was far +from well, and one of her colleagues, in September, +1913, urged her to forgo her hard work at The Hospice, +begging her to take things more easily.</p> + +<p>Her reply, in a moment of curious concentration and +earnestness, was characteristic: "Give me one more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> +year; I know there is a future there, and someone will +be found to take it on." A year later, when it seemed +inevitable that it must come to an end with her +departure for Serbia, those interested in The Hospice +passed through deep waters in saving it, but the unanswerable +argument against closing its doors was +always that big circle of patients, often pleading her +name, flocking up its stair, certain of help.</p> + +<p>"Three things foreseen by Dr. Inglis have happened +since her departure:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"1. The extension of the Midwives Act to Scotland, +establishing recognized training centres for +midwifery nursing.</p> + +<p>"2. The extension of Notification of Births Act, +making State co-operation in maternity service +possible.</p> + +<p>"3. The admission of women medical students to +the University, making an opportunity for +midwifery training in Edinburgh of immediate +and paramount importance.</p></blockquote> + +<p>"The relation of The Hospice to these three events is +as follows:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"1. It is now fourth on the list of recognized training +centres in Scotland, following the three +large maternity hospitals.</p> + +<p>"2. It is incorporated in the Maternity and Child +Welfare scheme of Edinburgh, which assists +in out-patient work, though not in the provision +of beds.</p> + +<p>"3. It has full scope under the Ordinances of the +Scottish Universities to train women medical +students in Clinical Midwifery if it had a sufficient +number of beds.</p></blockquote> + +<p>"The Hospice has the distinction of being the only +maternity training centre run by women in Scotland. +From this point of view it is of great value to women +students, affording them opportunities of study denied +to them in other maternity hospitals.</p> + +<p>"To those of her friends who knew her Edinburgh +life intimately, Elsie Inglis's love of The Hospice was the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> +love of a mother for her child. She was never too tired +or too busy to respond to any demand its patients made +upon her time and energy, always ready to go anywhere +in crowded close, or remote tenement, if it was to see a +mother who had once been an in-patient there or a baby +born within its walls. True, Dr. Inglis saw The Hospice +with romantic eyes, with that vision of future perfection +which is the seal of pure romance in motherhood. +Because of this she cheerfully accepted those cramped +and inconvenient flats, reached by the narrow common +stair which vanishes past The Hospice door in a corkscrew +flight to regions under the roof. Inconvenience +and straitened quarters were as nothing, for was not +her Nursing Home exactly where she wished it, with the +ebb and flow of the High Street at its feet? Dr. Inglis +always rejoiced greatly in the High Street, in the charm +of the precincts of St. Giles, that ineffable Heart of Midlothian, +serenely catholic, brooding upon the motley life +that has surged for centuries about its doors. Here, +where she loved to be, The Hospice is finding a new +home, an adequate building, modern equipment, and +endowed beds, and it will stand a living memorial, communicating +to all who pass in and out of its doors, to +women in need, to women strong to help, the inspiration +of Dr. Elsie Inglis's ideal of service."</p> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII</h2> + +<h3>THE SUFFRAGE CAMPAIGN</h3> + +<p>The question of Woman's Suffrage had always interested +Dr. Inglis, for the justice of the claim had from the first +appealed to her. But it was not until after 1900 that the +Women's Movement took possession of her. From that +time onward, till the Scottish Women's Hospitals claimed +her in the war, the cause of Woman's Suffrage demanded +and was granted a place in her life beside that occupied +by her profession. Indeed, the very practice of her profession +added fuel to the flame that the longing for the +Suffrage had kindled in her heart. A doctor sees much +of the intimate life of her patients, and as Dr. Inglis +went from patient to patient, conditions amongst both +the poor and the rich—intolerable conditions—would +raise haunting thoughts that followed her about in her +work, and questions again and again start up to which +only the Suffrage could give the answer. The Suffrage +flame with her, as with many other women and men, was +really one which religion tended; it was religious conviction +which mastered her and made her eager and dauntless +in the fight. She always worked from the constitutional +point of view, and was an admirer and follower of +Mrs. Fawcett throughout the campaign.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"As she threw herself into this new interest she found a gale of +fresh air blowing through her life. It was almost as if she had +awakened on a new morning. The sunshine flooded every nook and +corner of her dwelling, and even old things looked different in the +new light. Not the least of these impressions was due to the new +friendships; women whose life-work was farthest from her own, +whose point of view was diametrically opposite to hers, suddenly +drew up beside her in the march as comrades. She felt as if she +had got a wider outlook over the world, as if in her upward climb +she had reached a spur on the hillside, and a new view of the +landscape spread itself at her feet.</p> + +<p>"As she had once said, fate had placed her in the van of +a great movement, but she herself clung to old forms and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> +old ways—a new thing she instinctively avoided. It took +her long to adjust herself to a new point of view. But here, +in this absorbing interest, she forgot everything but the object. +Her eyes had suddenly been opened to what it meant to be a citizen +of Britain, and in the overpowering sense of responsibility that +came with the revelation her timorous clinging to old ways had +slackened.</p> + +<p>"Not the least part of the interest of the new life was the feeling +of being at the centre of things. People whose names had been +household words since babyhood became living entities. She +not only saw the men and women who were moulding our +generation: she met them at tea, she talked intimately with them +at dinners, and she actually argued with them at Council meetings."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Thus Elsie Inglis describes in her writings her heroine +Hildeguard's entrance into "the great crusade." The +description may be taken as true of her own feelings +when caught by the ideal of the movement.</p> + +<p>The following words which she puts into the mouth +of a Suffrage speaker are evidently her own reflections +on the subject of the Suffrage:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"'I don't think for a moment that the millennium will come in +with the vote,' she smiled, after a little pause. 'But our faces, +the faces of the human race, have always been set towards the +millennium, haven't they? And this will be one great step towards +it. It is always difficult to make a move forward, for it implies +criticism of the past, and of the good men and true who have brought +the people up to that especial point. However gently the change is +made, that element must be there, for there is always a sense of +struggle in changing from the old to the new. I do not think we +are nearly careful enough to make it quite clear that we do not +hold that we women <i>alone</i> could have done a bit better—that we are +proud of the great work our men have done. We speak only of the +mistakes, not of the great achievements; only I do think the mistakes +need not have been there if we had worked at it together!'</p> + +<p>"The salvation of the world was wrapped up in the gospel she +preached. Many of the audience were caught in the swirl as she +spoke. Love and amity, the common cause of healthier homes and +happier people and a stronger Empire, the righting of all wrongs, +and the strengthening of all right—all this was wrapped up in the +vote."</p></blockquote> + +<p>In the early years of this century Suffrage societies +were scattered all over Scotland, and it began to be felt +that much of their work was lost from want of co-operation; +it was therefore decided in 1906 that all the +societies should form a federation, to be called the Scottish +Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p> + +<p>During the preliminary work Mrs. James T. Hunter +acted as Hon. Secretary, but after the headquarters were +established in Edinburgh Dr. Inglis was asked and consented +to be Hon. Secretary, with Miss Lamont as Organizing +Secretary. There is no doubt that after its formation +the success of the Federation was largely due to +Dr. Inglis's power of leadership.</p> + +<p>She cheered the faithful—if sometimes despondent—suffragists +in widely scattered centres; she despised the +difficulties of travel in the north, and over moor, mountain, +and sea she went, till she had planted the Suffrage +flag in far-off Shetland. In her many journeys all over +Scotland, speaking for the Suffrage cause, Dr. Inglis herself +penetrated to the islands of Orkney and Shetland. +A very flourishing Society existed in the Orkneys.</p> + +<p>The following letter from Dr. Inglis to the Honorary +Secretary there is characteristic, and will recall her vividly +to those who knew her. The arrival for the meeting by +the last train; the early start back next morning; the +endeavour to see her friend's daughter, who she remembers +is in Dollar; the light-heartedness over "disasters +in the House" (evidently the setback to some Suffrage +Bill in the House of Commons)—these are all like +Elsie Inglis. So, too, are her praise of the Federation +secretaries, her eager looking forward to the procession, +and the request for the "beautiful banner"!</p> + +<blockquote><p class='right'>1913.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Mrs. Cursiter</span>,</p> + +<p>"Yes, I had remembered your daughter is at Dollar, and I +shall certainly look out for her at the meeting. Unfortunately, I +never have time to stay in a place, at one of these meetings, and see +people. It would often be so pleasant. This time I arrive in Dollar +at 6 p.m. and leave about 8 the next morning. I have to leave by +these early trains for my work.</p> + +<p>"It was delightful getting your offer of an organizer's salary for +some work in Orkney. Our secretaries have been most extraordinarily +unconcerned over disasters in the House! Not one of +you has suggested depression, and most of you have promptly proposed +new work! That is the sort of spirit that wins.</p> + +<p>"I shall let you know definitely about an organizer soon.</p> + +<p>"At the Executive on Saturday it was decided to have a procession +in Edinburgh during the Assembly week. We shall want you +and your beautiful banner! You'll get full particulars soon.</p> + +<p class='right'>"Yours very sincerely, <br /> +"<span class="smcap">Elsie Maud Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>One of the Federation organizers who worked under +Dr. Inglis for years gives us some indication of her qualities +as a leader:</p> + +<p>"Though it was not unknown that Dr. Inglis had an +extraordinary influence over young people, it was amazing +to find how many letters were received after her +death from young women in various parts of the kingdom, +who wrote to express what they owed to her sympathy +and encouragement.</p> + +<p>"To be a leader one must be able not only to inspire +confidence in the leader, but to give to those who follow +confidence in themselves, and this, I think, was one of +Dr. Inglis's most outstanding qualities. She would +select one of her workers, and after unfolding her plans +to her, would quietly say, 'Now, my dear, I want you to +undertake that piece of work for me.' As often as not the +novice's breath was completely taken away; she would +demur, and remark that she was afraid she was not quite +the right person to be entrusted with that special piece +of work. Then the Chief would give her one of those +winning smiles which none could resist, and tell her she +was quite confident she would not fail. The desired +result was usually attained, and the young worker gained +more confidence in herself. If, on the other hand, the +worker failed to complete her task satisfactorily, Dr. +Inglis would discuss the matter with her. She might +condemn, but never unjustly, and would then arrange +another opportunity for the worker in a different department +of the work.</p> + +<p>"From those with whom she worked daily she expected +great things. She was herself an unceasing worker, +well-nigh indefatigable. It was no easy matter to work +under 'the Chief's' direction; the possibility of failure +never entered into her calculations."</p> + +<p>One of the finest speakers in the Suffrage cause, who +with her husband worked hard in the campaign, frequently +stayed with Dr. Inglis. She writes thus of her:</p> + +<p>"With me it is always most difficult to speak about +the things upon which I feel the most deeply. Elsie +Inglis is a case in point. She was dearer to me than she +ever knew and than I can make you believe. She is one +of the most precious memories I possess, the mere<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> +thought of her and her tireless devotion to her fellows +being the strongest inspiration to effort and achievement.</p> + +<p>"She was the Edinburgh hostess for most of the +Woman Suffrage propagandists, and we all have the +same story to tell. Doubtless you have already had it +from others. Every comfort she denied herself she +scrupulously provided for her guests, whom she treated +as though they were more tired than herself. Usually +she was at her medical work till within a few minutes of +the evening meal, would rush home and eat it with us, +take us to the meeting afterwards, frequently take a part +in it, and bring her guests home to the rest she was not +always permitted to take herself. And through it all +there was no variation in her wonderful manner—all +brightness, affection, and warm energy.</p> + +<p>"The last time I saw her was in the Waverley station. +She was returning shortly to her work abroad, while I was +on my way to address a public meeting in Dundee on the +need for attempting to negotiate peace. It was the time +when everybody who dared to breathe the word 'peace,' +much more those who tried to stop the slaughter of men, +were denounced as traitors and pro-Germans. It was +the time when one's nearest and dearest failed to understand. +But <i>she</i> understood. And she broke into a busy +morning's work to come down to the train to shake my +hand. What we said was very little; but the look and the +hand-clasp were sufficient. We knew ourselves to be +serving the same God of Love and Mercy, and that knowledge +made the bonds between us indissoluble. I never +saw nor had word with her again.</p> + +<p>"It is easy to say, what is true, that the world's women +owe to Dr. Elsie Inglis a debt of gratitude they can +never repay. But I am convinced in my own soul that +the reward she would have chosen, if compelled to make +the choice, would have been that all who feel that her +work was of worth should join hands in an effort to rid +the world of those evils which make men and women hate +and kill one another."</p> + +<p>Dr. Inglis did not see with the pacifists of the last five +years. But in this tribute to her is shown her open-mindedness +and tolerance of another's views, even on +this cleaving difference of opinion.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p> + +<p>A woman of great distinction—and not only in the +Suffrage movement—says:</p> + +<p>"When I was working for the Suffrage movement in +the years before the war, one of the most impressive personalities +that I came into touch with was that of Dr. +Elsie Inglis. She was then the leading spirit in our +movement in Edinburgh, and when I went to speak there, +or in the neighbourhood, she always used to put me up. +I have never met anyone who seemed to me more absolutely +single-minded and single-hearted in her devotion +to a cause which appealed to her. She was eminently a +feminist, and to her feminism she subordinated everything +else. No consideration for her health, for her +position, for her practice, ever stood in the way of any +call that came to her. She was untiring, and that at a +time when our cause was not popular everywhere, and +when her position as a medical woman might easily have +been affected by its unpopularity.</p> + +<p>"I remember one night especially, when we were going +out in a motor-car to some rather remote place, in very +stormy weather. It howled and rained and was pitch +dark. Suddenly we ran, or nearly ran, into a great tree +which had been blown down across the road. It had +brought with it a mass of telegraph wire, and altogether +afforded an apparently complete 'barrage.' We were +still some six or seven miles from our destination, and +were wearing evening frocks and thin shoes. We got +out and wrestled with the obstacle, and when at one time +it seemed quite hopeless to get the car through, and I +suggested that she and I would have to walk, I shall +never forget the look of approval that she turned on me. +As a matter of fact, I doubt very much whether I really +<i>could</i> have walked. I am a little lame, and the circumstances +made it almost an impossibility. But the determination +of Dr. Inglis that somehow we <i>should</i> get to +our meeting infected me, and, like many others who have +followed her since, I felt able to achieve the impossible.</p> + +<p>"It is true that Dr. Inglis seemed to me—since, after +all, she was human—to have the faults of her qualities. +No consideration of herself prevented her complete devotion +to her work. I sometimes felt that there was an +element of relentlessness in this devotion, which would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> +have allowed her to sacrifice not only other people, but +even perhaps considerations which it is not easy to believe +ought to be sacrificed. It is extraordinarily difficult to +judge how far any end may justify any given means. It +is, of course, a shallow judgment which dismisses this +dilemma as one easily solved. Rather, I have always +felt it exceedingly difficult, at any rate to an intellect that +is subtle as well as powerful. I am reminded, in thinking +of Dr. Inglis, of the controversy between Kingsley +and Newman, from which it appears that Charles Kingsley +thought it a very easy matter to tell the truth, and +Newman found it a very difficult one. One's judgment +of the two will, of course, vary, but I personally have +always felt that Newman understood the truth more perfectly +than Kingsley; understood, for instance, that it +takes two people to tell it (one to speak and one to hear +aright), and that this was why he realized its difficulty. +So with Dr. Inglis; I do not suppose she ever hesitated +when once convinced of the goodness of her cause, but I +confess that I have sometimes wished that she could have +hesitated.</p> + +<p>"It is a graceless task to suggest spots in so excellent +a sun, and we feminists who worked with her and loved +her can never be glad enough or proud enough that the +world now knows the greatness of her quality."</p> + +<p>Again, an organizer who worked constantly with Dr. +Inglis before the war, and who later raised large sums +for the Scottish Women's Hospitals in India and Australia, +writes:</p> + +<p>"You have asked me for some personal memories of +my dear Dr. Elsie Inglis, for some of those little incidents +that often reveal a character more vividly than much +description and explanation. And to me, at least, it is in +some of those little memories that the Dr. Inglis I loved +lives most vividly. What I mean is that her splendid +public work, in medicine, in Suffrage, in that magnificent +triumph of the Scottish Women's Hospitals—they were +<i>her</i> hospitals—is there for all the world to see and honour. +But the things behind all that, the character that +conquered, the spirit that aspired, the incredible courage, +optimism, indomitability of that individuality, the very +self from which the work sprang—all that, it seems to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> +me, had to be gathered in and understood from the tiny +incident, the word, the glance.</p> + +<p>"There stands out in my mind my first meeting with +Dr. Inglis. The scene was dismal and depressing enough. +It was an empty shop in an Edinburgh Street turned into +a Suffrage committee-room during an election. Outside +the rain drizzled; inside the meagre fire smoked; there +was a general air of lifelessness over everything. I wondered, +ignorant and uninitiated in organizing and election +work, when something definite would happen. Giving +away sodden handbills in the street did not seem a very +vigorous or practical piece of work.</p> + +<p>"Suddenly the doors swung open and Dr. Inglis came +into that dull place, and with her there came the very +feeling of movement, vitality, action. She had come to +arrange speakers for the various schoolroom election +meetings to be held that night. The list of meeting-places +was arranged; then came the choice and disposal +of the speakers. Without hesitation, Dr. Inglis grouped +them; with just one look round at those present, and +another, well into her own mind, at those not present who +could be press-ganged! At last she turned to me and +said, 'And you will speak with Miss X. at ——' I was +horrified. 'But I must explain,' I said; 'I am quite +"new." I don't speak at all. I have never spoken.' I +can imagine a hundred people answering my very decided +utterance in a hundred different ways. But I cannot +imagine anyone but Dr. Inglis answering as she answered. +There was just the jolliest, cheeriest laugh and, 'Oh, but +you <i>must</i> speak.' That was all. And the remarkable +thing was that, though I had sworn to myself that I would +never utter a word in public without proper training, I +did speak that night. It never occurred to me to refuse. +Confidence begat confidence. It was during this time +of work with Dr. Inglis that I began really to understand +and appreciate that wonderful character.</p> + +<p>"Another incident runs into my memory, of desperate, +agonizing days in Glasgow, when Suffrage was unpopular +and the funds in our exchequer were very low. How +well I remember writing to Dr. Inglis at the ridiculous +hour of two in the morning, that we must get some +money, and that I should get certain introductions and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> +do a lecturing tour in New York and try to make Suffrage +'fashionable.' The answer came by return of post, +and was deliciously typical. 'My dear, your idea is so +absolutely mad that it must be thoroughly sane. Come +and talk it over.'</p> + +<p>"It was a happiness to work with Dr. Inglis, for her +confidence, once given, was complete. There were no +petty inquiries or pedantic regulations. 'Do it your +own way,' was the one comment on a plan of organization +once it was settled.</p> + +<p>"Dr. Inglis was one to whom the words 'can't' and +'impossible' really and literally had no meaning; and +those who worked with her had to 'unlearn' them, and +they did. It did, indeed, seem 'impossible' to leave for +India at ten days' notice to carry on negotiations for the +Scottish Women's Hospitals and raise an Indian fund, +especially when one had been in no way officially or +intimately connected with the Hospitals' work. And to +be told on the telephone, too, that one 'must' go. That +was adorably Dr. Inglis-ish. I laughed with glee at +the very ridiculous, fantastic impossibility of the whole +thing—and promptly went! And how I looked forward +to seeing Dr. Inglis on my return! When she saw me +off at Waterloo in 1916, and, still fearfully ignorant of +what awaited one, I wailed at the eleventh hour (literally, +for we were in the railway carriage), 'But where am I +to stay and where am I to go?' 'Don't worry,' said Dr. +Inglis, with that sublime faith and optimism of hers; +'they'll put you up and pass you on. Good-bye, my +dear. <i>It will be all right</i>.' And so it was. But one has +missed the telling of it all to her; the hard things and the +good things and the dreadfully funny things. For she +would have appreciated every bit of it, and entered into +every detail."</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>During the years of that great campaign, Dr. Inglis +spoke, pleading the cause of Suffrage, at hundreds of +meetings all over the United Kingdom. At one large +meeting she had occasion to deal with the problem of +the "outcast woman." She referred to the statement +once made that no woman would be safe unless this +class existed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p> + +<p>Then she said: "If this were true, the price of safety +is too high. I, for one, would choose to go down with +the minority."</p> + +<p>It is difficult to declare which was the more impressive, +the silence—one that could be felt—which followed the +words, or the burst of applause which came a moment +later. But to one onlooker, from the platform, the predominant +feeling was wonder at the amazing power of +the woman. Without raising her voice, or putting into +it any emotion beyond the involuntary momentary break +at the beginning of the sentence, she had, by the transparent +sincerity of her feeling, conveyed such an impression +to that large audience as few there would forget. +The subtle response drawn from those hundreds of +women to the woman herself, to the personality of the +speaker, was for the moment even more real than the +outward response given to the idea. More than one +woman there that day could have said in the words of +the British Tommy, who had heard for the first time the +story of Serbia, "It would not be difficult to follow her!"</p> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX</h2> + +<h3>THE SCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITALS</h3> + +<blockquote><p>"<i>From the first the personality of Dr. Inglis was the main asset in this +splendid venture. She continued to be its inspiration to the end.</i>"</p></blockquote> + +<p>August, 1914, found many a man and woman unconsciously +prepared and ready for the testing time ahead. +Elsie Inglis was one of these.</p> + +<p>It is interesting to note that Dr. Inglis completed her +fiftieth year in the August that war broke out. She +started on her great work of the next years with all the +vigour and freshness of youth.</p> + +<p>In her own words, already quoted, we can describe +her at the beginning of the war:</p> + +<p>"Her ship was flying over a sunlit sea, the good wind +bulging out the canvas. She felt the thrill and excitement +of adventure in her veins as she stood at the helm +and gazed across the dancing waters.... Joy had done +its work, and sorrow and responsibility had come with +its stimulating spur, and the ardent delight of battle in a +great crusade....</p> + +<p>"New powers she had discovered in herself, new +responsibilities in the life around her.... She was +ready for her 'adventure brave and new.' Rabbi Ben +Ezra waited for death to open the gate to it, but to her +it seemed that she was in the midst of it now, that 'adventure +brave and new' <i>in which death itself was also to be +an adventure</i>.... 'The Power of an Endless Life.' +The words thrilled her, not with the prospects of rest, +but with the excitement of advance...."</p> + +<p>War was declared on August 4. On the 10th the idea +of the Scottish Women's Hospitals—hospitals staffed +entirely by women—had been mooted at the committee<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> +meeting of the Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage +Societies. Once the idea was given expression to, +nothing was able to stop its growth. A special Scottish +Women's Hospital committee was formed out of members +of the Federation and Dr. Inglis's personal friends. +Meetings were organized all over the country; an appeal +for funds was sent broadcast over Scotland; money +began to flow in; the scheme was taken up by the whole +body of the N.U.W.S.S.<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> Mrs. Fawcett wrote approvingly. +The Scottish Women's Hospitals Committee at +their headquarters in Edinburgh divided up into subcommittees: +equipment, uniforms, cars, personnel, and +so on. Offers for service came in every day, until soon +over 400 names were waiting the choice of the personnel +committee. The headquarters offices in 2, St. Andrew +Square became a busy hive. Enthusiasm was written on +the face of every worker. By the end of November the +first fully equipped Unit, under Miss Ivens of Liverpool +was on its way to the old Abbey of Royaumont +in France. Dr. Alice Hutchison with ten nurses was +in Calais working under the Belgian surgeon, Dr. +de Page. A second Unit as well equipped as the first +was almost ready to start for Serbia. It sailed in the +beginning of January, under Dr. Eleanor Soltau, Dr. +Inglis herself following in the April of 1915.</p> + +<p>But even with all this dispatch, the S.W.H. were not +the first Women's Hospital in the field. As early as September, +1914, Dr. Flora Murray and Dr. Louisa Garrett +Anderson had taken a Unit, staffed entirely by women, +to Paris, where they did excellent work.</p> + +<p>Until Dr. Inglis's departure for Serbia, her whole time +and strength and boundless energy had been thrown +into the building up of the organization of the Scottish +Women's Hospitals. She addressed countless meetings +all over the Kingdom, making the scheme known and +appealing for money, and at the same time her insight +and enthusiasm never ceased to be the mainspring of the +activity at the office in Edinburgh, where the heart of the +Scottish Women's Hospitals was to be found. Miss +Mair describes Dr. Inglis during these months thus:</p> + +<p>"A certain stir of feeling might be perceptible in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> +busy hive at the office of organization when a specially +energetic visit of the Chief had been paid. Had the impossible +been accomplished? If not, why? Who had +failed in performance? Take the task from her; give it +to another. No excuses in war-time, no weakness to be +tolerated—onward, ever onward.</p> + +<p>"To those inclined to hesitate, or at least to draw +breath occasionally in the course of their heavy work of +organizing, raising money, gathering equipment, securing +transport, passports, and attending to the other +innumerable secretarial affairs connected with so big a +task, she showed no weakening pity; the one invariable +goad applied was ever, 'it is war-time.' No one must +pause, no one must waver; things must simply be done, +whether possible or not, and somehow by her inspiration +they generally were done. In these days of agonizing +stress she appeared as in herself the very embodiment +of wireless telegraphy, aeronautic locomotion, with telepathy +and divination thrown in—neither time nor space +was of account. Puck alone could quite have reached +her standard with his engirdling of the earth in forty +minutes. Poor limited mortals could but do their best +with the terrestrial means at their disposal. Possibly at +times their make-weight steadied the brilliant work of +their leader."</p> + +<p>In a letter to Mrs. Fawcett dated October 4, 1914, she +says:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"I can think of nothing except those Units just now; and when +one hears of the awful need, one can hardly sit still till they are +ready."</p></blockquote> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.</p></div> +</div> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs072.jpg" id="gs072.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs072.jpg" width='473' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS FROM A BUST BY THE SERBIAN SCULPTOR IVAN MESTROVIC" /></p> + +<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4> + +<h5>FROM A BUST BY THE SERBIAN SCULPTOR IVAN MÉSTROVIC</h5> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X</h2> + +<h3>SERBIA</h3> + +<p>Serbia in January, 1915, was in a pitiable condition. +Three wars following in quick succession had devastated +the land. The Austrians, after their defeat at the Battle of +the Ridges in October, 1914, had retreated out of the +country, leaving behind them filthy hospitals crowded +with wounded, Austrian and Serb alike. The whole land +has been spoken of as one vast hospital. From this condition +of things sprang the scourge of typhus which +started in January, 1915, and swept the land. Dr. Soltau +and her Unit, arriving in the early part of January, were +able to take their place in the battle against this scourge. +Their work lay in Kraguevatz, in the north of Serbia, +where Dr. Soltau soon had three hospitals under her +command.</p> + +<p>In April Dr. Soltau contracted diphtheria. Dr. Inglis +was wired for, and left for Serbia in the end of April, 1915. +She went gaily. There seems no other word to describe +her attitude of mind—she was so glad to go. The sufferings +of the wounded and dying touched her keenly. It +was not want of sympathy with all the awful misery on +every hand that made her go with such joy of heart, but +rather she was glad from the sense that at last she, personally, +would be "where the need was greatest." This +had always been her objective.</p> + +<blockquote><p class='right'><span class="smcap">The Ægean Sea</span>, <br /> +"<i>May 2nd, 1915.</i></p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Dearest Eva</span>,</p> + +<p>"We have had a perfectly glorious voyage from Brindisi to +Athens, all yesterday between the coast and the Greek Islands, and +then in the Gulf of Corinth. I never remember such a day—all day +the sunshine and the beautiful hills, with the clouds capping them, +or lying on their slopes, and the blue sky above, and blue sea all round. +Then came the most glorious sunset, and when we came up from +dinner the sky blazing with stars. We put our chairs back to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> +last notches, and lay looking at them, till a great yellow moon came +up and flooded the place with light and put the stars out. It was +glorious....</p> + +<p class='right'>"Your loving sister, <br /> +"<span class="smcap">Elsie Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote> + +<p>She landed in Serbia when the epidemic of fever had +been almost overcome, and with the long, peaceful summer +ahead of her. It is a joy to think of Dr. Inglis all +that summer. Her letters are full of buoyancy of spirit. +She was keen about everything. She had left behind her +a magnificent organization, enthusiastic women in every +department, the money flowing in, and the scheme meeting +with more and more approval throughout the country. +In Serbia she was to find her power of organizing +given full scope. She had splendid material in the personnel +of the Scottish Women's Hospitals Units under +her command. She made many friends—Sir Ralph +Paget, Colonel Hunter, Dr. Curcin, Colonel Gentitch, +and many others. She was in close touch with, was herself +part of, big schemes, a fact which was exhilarating +to her. Everything combined to make her happy.</p> + +<p>The scheme that eventually took shape was Colonel +Hunter's. His idea was to have three "blocking hospitals" +in the north of Serbia, which, when the planned +autumn offensive of the Serbs took place, would keep all +infectious diseases from spreading throughout the country. +Innumerable journeys up and down Serbia were +taken by Dr. Inglis before the three Scottish Women's +Hospitals which were to form this blocking line had been +settled, and were working at Valjevo, Lazaravatz, and +Mladanovatz. Dr. Alice Hutchison and her Unit, with +"the finest canvas hospital ever sent to the Balkans," +arrived in Serbia shortly after Dr. Inglis. Dr. Hutchison +was sent to Valjevo; Lazaravatz and Mladanovatz were +respectively under Dr. Hollway and Dr. McGregor. +Dr. Inglis herself took over charge of the fever hospitals +in Kraguevatz, working them as one, so that soon +there were four efficient Scottish Women's Hospitals +in Serbia. The Serbian Government gave Dr. Inglis +a free pass over all the railways. She calls herself +"extraordinarily lucky" in getting this pass, and writes +how greatly she enjoys these journeys, how much of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> +the country she sees during them, and of the interesting +people she meets. For the first time in her life she +had work to do that needed almost the full stretch of her +powers. And deep at the heart of her joy at this time +lay her growing love of the Serbs. Something in them +appealed to her, something in their heroic weakness satisfied +the yearning of her strength to help and protect. +She writes glowingly of their soldiers streaming past +the Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz, massing +on the Danube, "their heads held high." Every letter +is full of enthusiasm of the country and the people. "God +bless her," writes a friend; "it was the last really joyous +time she knew."</p> + +<p>Later on the Serbs erected a fountain at Mladanovatz +in memory of the work done by the Scottish Women's +Hospitals in Serbia, and in particular by Dr. Inglis. The +opening ceremony took place in the beginning of September. +Many people, English and Serbs, were present, +and a long letter by Dr. Inglis describes the dedication +service.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"A table covered with a white cloth stood in front of the fountain, +and on it a silver crucifix, a bowl of water, a long brown candle +lighted and stuck in a tumbler full of sand, and two bunches of +basil, one fresh and one dried."</p></blockquote> + +<p>At the end of the service the priest gave the bunches +of basil to Dr. Inglis. "These are some of the few +things," she writes, "which I shall certainly keep always."</p> + +<p>The Serbian officer who designed the fountain has +contributed to this <i>Life</i> the following account of his impressions +of Dr. Inglis:</p> + +<p>"Already five sad and painful years have gone by +since the time that I had the chance and honour of knowing +Dr. Elsie Inglis. It is already five years since we +erected to her—still in the plenitude of life—a monument. +What a prediction! Whence came the inspiration +of the great soul who was founder of this monument?</p> + +<p>"Oh, great and noble soul, there is yet another monument +created in the hearts of the soldiers and Serbian +people! And if the pitiless wheel of time crushes the +first, the second will survive all that is visible and +material.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p> + +<p>"One did not need to be long with Dr. Elsie Inglis to +see all the grandeur of her soul, her long vision, and her +attachment to the Serbs. I was not among those who +chanced to pass some months in her company, but even +in a few days I soon learnt to recognize her divine nature, +and to see her relief in all colours.</p> + +<p>"After the second big offensive of Germano-Austrian +forces against Serbia in the autumn of 1914, Dr. Elsie +Inglis took a great part in working against the various +epidemics spread by the invasion in Western Serbia. +The significance and tenacity of this time of epidemic +was such that only those who witnessed it can understand +the great usefulness, devotion, and attachment of its +co-workers. A great number of Dr. Inglis's personnel +were occupied in coping with it, and with what +results!</p> + +<p>"The Serbian counter-offensive terminated, provisional +peace reigned in Serbia. Six months went by before the +last soldier of the enemy left our sacred soil; the second +enemy—the great epidemic—has also been arrested and +vanquished. The terrors that these two allies brought +in their train gradually disappeared, and the sun shone +once again for the Little Armed People. Men breathed +again, and tired bodies slept. One had the time to think +of the great soldiers of the front, as well as those who +worked behind the lines. And, indeed, in those great +days we knew not who were the more courageous, the +more daring, the greater heroes.</p> + +<p>"General Headquarters decided to give a tangible +recognition to all those who had taken part in this epoch. +Among the first thus distinguished were Dr. Elsie Inglis +and her hospitals.</p> + +<p>"On the proposal of the Director of Sanitation, it was +decided to erect a monumental fountain to the memory +of Dr. Elsie Inglis and her Scottish Women's Hospitals. +This was to be at Mladanovatz, quite close to one of these +hospitals, at a few yards' distance from the main railway-line +running from Belgrade to Nish, in sight of all +the travellers who passed through Serbia.</p> + +<p>"It was erected, and bears the inscription:</p> + +<blockquote><p class='center'>"<span class="smcap">In memory of the Scottish Women's Hospitals and their +Founder, Dr. Elsie Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p> + +<p>"The object of my letter is not to make known what I +have told you; what follows is more important.</p> + +<p>"Dr. Inglis was present in person at the unveiling and +benediction of the fountain. The idea was to give her a +proof of the people's gratitude by erecting an original +monument which, in recalling those strenuous days, +would combine a value practical and real, solving the +question of a pure drinking-water, and cutting off the +danger of an epidemic at the root; and also, the impression +that she had after visiting a number of fountains +in the environs of Mladanovatz and its villages left her +no rest (as she said later), and produced in her an idea, +long thought over, and eventually expressed in the following +conversation:</p> + +<p>"'Look here, Captain P——, I have a scheme which +absorbs me more and more, and becomes in me a fixed +idea. You suffer in Serbia, and are often subject to +epidemics, through nothing else but bad water. I have +been thinking it over, and would like to ameliorate as +much as possible this deplorable state of affairs. I have +the intention of addressing an appeal to the people of +Great Britain, and asking them to inaugurate a fund +which would create the opportunity of constructing in +each Serbian village a fountain of good drinking-water. +And then, I should return to Serbia, and with you—I +hope that you are willing, since you have already built so +many of these fountains round about—should go from +village to village erecting these fountains. It will be, +after the war, my unique and greatest desire to do this +for the Serbs.'</p> + +<p>"Oh, great friend of Serbia! Thy clear-sighted spirit +was to have but a glimpse of one of the most essential +necessities of the Serbian people. Thy frail and fragile +body has not permitted thee to enjoy the pleasure to +which thou hast devoted so much love. For the well-being +of this dear people thou hast given thyself entirely, +even thy noble life. What a misfortune indeed for us!</p> + +<p>"May Heaven send thee eternal peace, so much +merited, and so much desired by all those who knew thee, +and above all and especially by all those Serbian hearts +who have found in thee a great human friend."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p> + +<p>Dr. Inglis wrote every week to the committee. In the +letters written towards the end of September we are +aware of the anxiety about the future which is beginning +to make itself felt.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Last week Austrian aeroplanes were 'announced,' and the +authorities evidently believed the report; for the Arsenal was emptied +of workmen—and they don't stop work willingly just now. So—as +a Serbian officer said to me yesterday—'Serbia is exactly where she +was a year ago.' It does seem hard lines on our little Ally....</p> + +<p>"Well, as to how this affects us. Sir Ralph was talking about +the various possibilities. <i>As long as the Serbians fight we'll stick +to them—retreat if necessary, burning all our stores.</i> If they are +overwhelmed we must escape, probably via Montenegro. Don't +worry about us. We won't do anything rash or foolish; and if you +will trust us to decide, as we must know most about the situation out +here, we'll act rationally."</p></blockquote> + +<p>At last, in November, 1915, the storm broke. Serbia +was overrun by Germans, Austrians, and Bulgarians. +All her big Allies failed her, "so when her bitter hour of +trial came, Serbia stood alone."</p> + +<p>The Scottish Women's Hospitals at Mladanovatz, +Lazaravatz, and Valjevo had to be evacuated in an +incredibly short time. The women from Mladanovatz +and Lazaravatz came down to Kraguevatz, where +Dr. Inglis was. After a few days they had again to +move further south to Krushevatz. From here they +broke into two parties, some joining the great retreat +and coming home through Albania. The rest stayed +behind with Dr. Inglis and Dr. Hollway to nurse the +Serbian wounded and prisoners in Krushevatz.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"If the committee could have seen Colonel Gentitch's face when I +said to him that we were not going to move again, but that they +could count on us just where we stood, I think they would have +been touched."</p></blockquote> + +<p>writes Dr. Inglis.</p> + +<p>At Krushevatz both Units, Dr. Inglis's and Dr. Hollway's, +worked together at the Czar Lazar Hospital under +the Serbian Director, Major Nicolitch. It was here they +were taken prisoners by the Germans in November.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"These months at Krushevatz were a strange mixture of sorrow +and happiness. Was the country really so very beautiful, or was it +the contrast to all the misery that made it evident? There was a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> +curious exhilaration in working for those grateful, patient men, and +in helping the Director, so loyal to his country and so conscientious +in his work, to bring order out of chaos; and yet the unhappiness +in the Serbian houses, and the physical wretchedness of those cold, +hungry prisoners, lay always like a dead weight on our spirits. +Never shall we forget the beauty of the sunrises or the glory of the +sunsets, with clear, cold, sunlit days between, and the wonderful +starlit nights. But we shall never forget 'the Zoo,'<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> either, or the +groans outside when we hid our heads in the blankets to shut out +the sound. Nor shall we ever forget the cheeriness or trustfulness +of all that hospital, and especially of the officers' ward. We got no +news, and we made it a point of honour not to believe a word of the +German telegrams posted up in the town. So we lived on rumour—and +what rumour! The English at Skoplje, the Italians at Poshega, +and the Russians over the Carpathians—we could not believe that +Serbia had been sacrificed for nothing. We were convinced it was +some deep-laid scheme for weakening the other fronts, and so it was +quite natural to hear that the British had taken Belgium and the +French were in Metz!"</p></blockquote> + +<p>During this time in Krushevatz Dr. Inglis and the +women in her Unit lived and slept in one room. One +night an excited message was brought to the door that +enemy aircraft was expected soon; everyone was taking +refuge in places that were considered safe; would they +not come too? For a moment there was a feeling of +panic in the room; then Dr. Inglis said, without raising +her head from her pillow: "Everyone will do as they +like, of course; <i>I</i> shall not go anywhere. I am very tired, +and bed is a comfortable place to die in." The suspicion +of panic subsided; every woman lay down and slept +quietly till morning.</p> + +<p>The Hon. Mrs. Haverfield was one of the "Scottish +women" who stayed behind at Krushevatz. She gives +us some memories of Dr. Inglis.</p> + +<p>"I think the most abiding recollection I have of our +dear Doctor is the expression in her face in the middle +of a heavy bombardment by German guns of our hospital +at Krushevatz during the autumn of 1915. I was +coming across some swampy ground which separated +our building from the large barracks called after the +good and gentle Czar Lazar of Kosovofanee, when a +shell flew over our heads, and burst close by with a +deafening roar. The Doctor was coming from the oppo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>site +direction; we stood a moment to comment upon the +perilous position we were all in. She looked up into my +face, and with that smile that nobody who ever knew her +could forget, and such a quizzical expression in her blue +eyes, said: 'Eve, we are having some experiences now, +aren't we?' She and I had often compared notes, and +said how we would like to be in the thick of everything—at +last we were. I have never seen anyone with greater +courage, or anyone who was more unmoved under all +circumstances.</p> + +<p>"Under our little Doctor bricks had to be made, +whether there was straw or not!</p> + +<p>"In this same hospital at Krushevatz she had ordered +me to get up bathing arrangements for the sick and +wounded. There was not a corner in which to make a +bath-room, or a can, and only a broken pump 150 yards +away across mud and swamp. There was no wood to +heat the water, and nothing to heat it in even if we had +the wood. I admit I could not achieve the desired +arrangement. Elsie took the matter in hand herself, finding +I was no use, and in one day had a regular supply of +hot water, and baths for the big Magazine, where lay our +sick, screened off with sheets, and regular baths were +the order of the day from that time forth.</p> + +<p>"One never ceased to admire the tireless energy, the +resourcefulness, and the complete unselfishness of that +little woman who spent herself until the last moment, +always in the service of others."</p> + +<blockquote><p>"At last, on the 9th of February, our hospital was emptied.<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> The +chronic invalids had been 'put on commission' and sent to their +homes. The vast majority of the men had been removed to Hungary, +and the few remaining, badly wounded men who would not be fit +for months, taken over to the Austrian hospitals.</p> + +<p>"On the 11th we were sent north under an Austrian guard with +fixed bayonets. Great care was taken that we should not communicate +with anyone <i>en route</i>. At Belgrade, however, we were put into +a waiting-room for the night, and after we had crept into our sleeping-bags +we were suddenly roused to speak to a Serbian woman. +The kindly Austrian officer in charge of us said she was the wife +of a Serbian officer in Krushevatz, and that if we would use only +German we might speak to her. She wanted news of her husband. +We were able to reassure her. He was getting better—he was in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> +the Gymnasium. 'Vrylo dobra' ('Very well'), she said, holding +both our hands. 'Vrylo, vrylo dobra,' we said, looking apprehensively +at the officer. But he only laughed. Probably his +Serbian, too, was equal to that. That was the last Serbian we spoke +to in Serbia, and we left her a little happier. And thus we came +to Vienna, where the American Embassy took us over.... When +we reached Zurich and found everything much the same as when +we disappeared into the silence, our hearts were sick for the people +we had left behind us, still waiting and trusting."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Referring to this year of work done for Serbia, Mr. +Seton-Watson wrote of Dr. Inglis:</p> + +<p>"History will record the name of Elsie Inglis, like +that of Lady Paget, as pre-eminent among that band of +women who have redeemed for all time the honour of +Britain in the Balkans."</p> + +<p>We close this chapter on her work in Serbia with +tributes to her memory from two of her Serbian friends, +Miss Christitch, a well-known journalist, and Lieutenant-Colonel +D. C. Popovitch, Professor at the Military +Academy in Belgrade.</p> + +<p>"Through Dr. Inglis Serbia has come to know Scotland, +for I must confess that formerly it was not recognized +by our people as a distinctive part of the British +Isles. Her name, as that of the Serbian mother from +Scotland (Srpska majka iz 'Skotske'), has become +legendary throughout the land, and it is not excluded +that at a future date popular opinion will claim her as of +Serbian descent, although born on foreign soil.</p> + +<p>"What appealed to all those with whom Elsie Inglis +came in contact in Serbia was her extraordinary sympathy +and understanding for the people whose language +she could not speak and whose ways and customs must +certainly have seemed strange to her. Yet there is no +record of misunderstanding between any Serb and Dr. +Inglis. Everyone loved her, from the tired peasant +women who tramped miles to ask the 'Scottish Doctoress' +for advice about their babies to the wounded soldiers +whose pain she had alleviated.</p> + +<p>"Here I must mention that Dr. Inglis won universal +respect in the Serbian medical profession for her +skill as a surgeon. During a great number of +years past we have had women physicians, and very +capable they are too; but, for some reason or other, Ser<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>bian +women had never specialized in surgery. Hence it +was not without scepticism that the male members of the +profession received the news that the organizer of the +Scottish hospitals was a skilled surgeon. Until Dr. +Inglis actually reached Serbia and had performed successfully +in their presence, they refused to believe this +'amiable fable,' but from the moment that they had +seen her work they altered their opinion, and, to the +great joy of our Serbian women, they no longer proclaimed +the fact that surgery was not a woman's sphere. +This is but one of the services Dr. Inglis has rendered +our woman movement in Serbia. To-day we have +several active societies working for the enfranchisement +of women, and there is no doubt that the record of the +Scottish Women's Hospital, organized and equipped by +a Suffrage society and entirely run by women, is helping +us greatly towards the realization of our goal. It was +a cause of delight to our women and of no small surprise +to our men that the Scottish Units that came out never +had male administrators.</p> + +<p>"It is very difficult to say all one would wish about +Dr. Inglis's beneficial influence in Serbia in the few +lines which I am asked to write. But before I +conclude I may be allowed to give my own impression +of that remarkable woman. What struck me +most in her was her grip of facts in Serbia. I had a long +conversation with her at Valjevo in the summer of 1915, +before the disaster of the triple enemy onslaught, and +while we still believed that the land was safe from a fresh +invasion. She spoke of her hopes and plans for the +future of Serbia. 'When the war is over,' she said, 'I +want to do something lasting for your country. I want +to help the women and children; so little has been done +for them, and they need so much. I should like to see +Serbian qualified nurses and up-to-date women's and +children's hospitals. When you will have won your victories +you will require all this in order to have a really +great and prosperous Serbia.' She certainly meant to +return and help us in our reconstruction.</p> + +<p>"I saw Dr. Inglis once again several weeks later, at +Krushevatz, where she had remained with her Unit to +care for the Serbian wounded, notwithstanding the invi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>tation +issued her by Army Headquarters to abandon +her hospital and return to England. But Dr. Inglis +never knew a higher authority than her own conscience. +The fact that she remained to face the enemy, although +she had no duty to this, her adopted country, was both +an inspiration and a consolation to those numerous +families who could not leave, and to those of us who, +being Serbian, had a duty to remain.</p> + +<p>"She left in the spring of 1916, and we never heard of +her again in Serbia until the year 1917, when we, in occupied +territory, learnt from a German paper that she had +died in harness working for the people of her adoption. +There was a short and appreciative obituary telling of +her movements since she had left us.</p> + +<p>"For Serbian women she will remain a model of devotion +and self-sacrifice for all time, and we feel that the +highest tribute we can pay her is to endeavour, however +humbly, to follow in the footsteps of this unassuming, +valiant woman."</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p class='center'><span class="smcap">"My Recollections of Dr. Elsie Inglis</span>.</p> + +<p>"I made her acquaintance towards the close of October, +1915, when, as a heavily wounded patient in the Military +Hospital of Krushevatz, I became a prisoner, first of the +Germans and then of the Austrians.</p> + +<p>"The Scottish Women's Hospital Mission, with Dr. +Inglis as Head and Mrs. Haverfield as Administrator, +had voluntarily become prisoners of the Austrians and +Germans, rather than abandon the Serbian sick and +wounded they had hitherto cared for. The Mission +undertook a most difficult task—that is, the healing of +and ministration to the typhus patients, which had already +cost the lives of many doctors. But the Scottish women, +whose spirit was typified in their leader, Miss Inglis, did +not restrict themselves to this department, hastening to +assist whenever they could in other departments. In particular, +Dr. Elsie Inglis gave help in the surgical ward, +and undertook single-handed the charge of a great number +of wounded, among whom I was included, and to her +devoted sisterly care I am a grateful debtor for my life. +She visited me hourly, and not only performed a doctor's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> +duties, but those of a simple nurse, without the slightest +reluctance.</p> + +<p>"The conditions of Serbian hospitals under the Austrians +rendered provisioning one of the most difficult +tasks. At the withdrawal of the Serbian Army only the +barest necessaries were left behind, and the Austrians +gave hardly anything beyond bread, and at times a little +meat. The typhus patients were thus dependent almost +entirely on the aliments which the Scottish Mission could +furnish out of their own means. It was edifying to see +how they solved the problem. Every day, their Chief, +Dr. Inglis, and Mrs. Haverfield at the head, the nurses off +duty, with empty sacks and baskets slung over their +shoulders, tramped for miles to the villages around +Krushevatz, and after several hours' march through the +narrow, muddy paths, returned loaded with cabbages, +potatoes, or other vegetables in baskets and sacks, their +pockets filled with eggs and apples. Instead of fatigue, +joy and satisfaction were evident in their faces, because +they were able to do something for their Serbian brothers. +I am ever in admiration of these rare women, and never +can I forget their watchword: 'Not one of our patients +is to be without at least one egg a day, however far we +may have to tramp for it.' Such labour, such love +towards an almost totally strange nation, is something +more than mere humanity; it is the summit of understanding, +and the application of real and solid Christian +teaching.</p> + +<p>"Dr. Inglis cured not only the physical but the +moral ills of her wounded patients. Every word she +spoke was about the return of our army, and she assured +us of final victory. She did not speak thus merely to +soothe, for one felt the fire of her indignation against +the oppressor, and her love for us and her confidence +that our just cause would triumph. I could mention a +host of great and small facts in connection with her, +enough to fill a book; but, in one word, every move, +every thought of the late Dr. Inglis and the members of +her Mission breathed affection towards the Serbian soldier +and the Serbian nation. The Serbian soldier himself +is the best witness to this. One has only to inquire +about the Scottish Women's Mission in order to get a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> +short and eloquent comment, which resumes all, and expresses +astonishment that he should be asked: 'Of +course I know of our sisters from Scotland.' ...</p> + +<p>"But the enemy could not succeed in shaking these +noble women in their determination and their love for +us Serbians. They at last obtained their release, and +reached their own country, but, without taking time to +rest properly, they at once started to collect fresh stores, +and hastened to the assistance of the Serbian Volunteer +Corps in the Dobrudja. They returned with the same +corps to the Macedonian front, and thence to Serbia once +more at the close of last year, in order to come to the aid +of the impoverished Serbian people. The fact that Dr. +Inglis lost her life after the retreat from Russia is a fresh +proof of her devotion to Serbia. The Serbian soldiers +mourn her death as that of a mother or sister. The +memory of her goodness, self-sacrifice, and unbounded +charity, will never leave them as long as they live, and +will be handed down as a sacred heritage to their children. +The entire Serbian Army and the entire Serbian people +weep over the dear departed Dr. Inglis, while erecting a +memorial to her in their hearts greater than any of the +world's monuments. Glory be to her and the land that +gave her birth!</p> + +<p class='right'>"(<i>Signed</i>) <span class="smcap">Lieut.-Col. Drag. C. Popovitch</span>,<br /> +"<i>Professor at the Military Academy.</i> </p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Belgrade</span>.<br /> + "<i>December 24th, 1919.</i>"</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>Dr. Inglis was at home from February to August, 1916. +Besides her work as chairman of the committee for +Kossovo Day, she was occupied in many other ways. +She paid a visit of inspection for the Scottish Women's +Hospitals Committee to their Unit in Corsica, reporting +in person to them on her return in her usual clear and +masterly way on the work being done there. She worked +hard to get permission for the Scottish Women's Hospitals +to send a Unit to Mesopotamia, where certainly +the need was great. It has been said of her that, "like +Douglas of old, she flung herself where the battle raged +most fiercely, always claiming and at last obtaining per<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>mission +to set up her hospitals where the obstacles were +greatest and the dangers most acute."</p> + +<p>It was not the fault of the Scottish Women's Hospitals +that their standard was not found flying in Mesopotamia.</p> + +<p>During the time she was at home, in the intervals of +her other activities, she spoke at many meetings, telling +of the work of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. At +these meetings she would speak for an hour or more of +the year's work in Serbia without mentioning herself. +She had the delightful power of telling a story without +bringing in the personal note. Often at the end of a +meeting her friends would be asked by members of the +audience if Dr. Inglis had not been in Serbia herself. +On being assured that she had, they would reply incredulously, +"But she never mentioned herself at all!"</p> + +<p>The Honorary Secretary of the Clapham High School +Old Girls' Society wrote, after Dr. Inglis's death, describing +one of these meetings:</p> + +<p>"In June, 1916, Dr. Inglis came to our annual commemoration +meeting and spoke to us of Serbia. None +of those who were present will, I think, ever forget that +afternoon, and the almost magical inspiration of her personality. +Behind her simple narrative (from which her +own part in the great deeds of which she told seemed so +small that to many of us it was a revelation to learn later +what that part had been) lay a spiritual force which left +no one in the audience untouched. We feel that we +should like to express our gratitude for that afternoon +in our lives, as well as our admiration of her gallant life +and death."</p> + +<p>The door to Mesopotamia being still kept closed, Dr. +Inglis, in August, 1916, went to Russia as C.M.O. of a +magnificently equipped Unit which was being sent to +the help of the Jugo-Slavs by the Scottish Women's Hospitals.</p> + +<p>A few days before she left Dr. Inglis went to Leven, +on the Fifeshire coast of Scotland, where many of her +relatives were gathered, to say farewell. The photograph +given here was taken at this time.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> The name the nurses gave the huge building they had converted +into a hospital.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Dr. Inglis's report.</p></div> +</div> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs087.jpg" id="gs087.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs087.jpg" width='478' height='700' alt="ELSIE INGLIS TAKEN IN AUGUST, 1916, JUST BEFORE SHE LEFT FOR RUSSIA" /></p> + +<h4>ELSIE INGLIS</h4> + +<h5>TAKEN IN AUGUST, 1916, JUST BEFORE SHE LEFT FOR RUSSIA</h5> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI</h2> + +<h3>RUSSIA</h3> + +<p>"For a clear understanding and appreciation of subsequent +events affecting the relations between Dr. Inglis +and the Serb division, a brief account of its genesis may +be given here.</p> + +<p>"The division consisted mainly of Serbo-Croats and +Slovenes—namely, Serbs who, as subjects of Austria-Hungary, +were obliged to serve in the Austrian Army. +Nearly all of these men had been taken prisoners by the +Russians, or, perhaps more correctly, had voluntarily +surrendered to the Russians rather than fight for the +enemies of their co-nationals. In May, 1915, a considerable +number of these Austro-Serbs volunteered for service +with the Serbian Army, and by arrangement with +the Russian Government, who gave them their freedom, +they were transported to Serbia. After the entry of Bulgaria +into the war it was no longer possible to send +them to Serbia, and 2,000 were left behind at Odessa. +The number of these volunteers increased, however, to +such an extent that, by permission of the Serbian Government, +Serbian officers from Corfu were sent over to +organize them into a military unit for service with the +Russian Army. By May, 1916, a first division was +formed under the command of the Serb Colonel, Colonel +Hadjitch, and later a second division under General +Zivkovitch. It was to the first division that the Scottish +Women's Hospitals and Transport were to be attached.</p> + +<p>"The Unit mustered at Liverpool on August 29, and +left for Archangel on the following day. It consisted of +a personnel of seventy-five and three doctors, with Dr. +Elsie Inglis C.M.O."<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span>A member of the staff describes the journey:</p> + +<p>"Our Unit left Liverpool for Russia on August 31, +1916; like the Israelites of old, we went out not knowing +exactly where we were bound for. We knew only that +we had to join the Serbian division of the Russian Army, +but where that Division was or how we were to get there +we could not tell. We were seventy-five all told, with +50 tons of equipment and sixteen automobiles. We had +a special transport, and after nine days over the North +Sea we arrived at Archangel.</p> + +<p>"From Archangel we were entrained for Russia, and +sent down via Moscow to Odessa, receiving there further +instructions to proceed to the Roumanian front, +where our Serbs were in action.</p> + +<p>"We were fourteen days altogether in the train. I +remember Dr. Inglis, during those long days on the journey, +playing patience, calm and serene, or losing her own +patience when the train was stopped and <i>would</i> not go +on. Out she would go, and address the Russian officials +in strenuous, nervous British—it was often effective. One +of our interpreters heard one stationmaster saying: +'There is a great row going on here, and there will be +trouble to-morrow if this train isn't got through.'</p> + +<p>"At Reni we were embarked on a steamer and barges, +and sent down the Danube to a place called Cernavoda, +where once more we were disembarked, and proceeded +by train and motor to Medjidia, where our first hospital +was established in a large barracks on the top of a hill +above the town, an excellent mark for enemy aeroplanes. +The hospital was ready for wounded two days after our +arrival; until then it was a dirty empty building, yet the +wounded were received in it some forty-eight hours after +our arrival. It was a notable achievement, but for Dr. +Inglis obstacles and difficulties were placed in her path +for the purpose of being overcome; if the mountains of +Mahomet <i>would</i> not move, she <i>removed</i> them!</p> + +<p>"In connection with the establishment of these field +hospitals I have vivid recollections of her. The great +empty upper floor of the barracks at Medjidia, +seventy-five of us all in the one room. The lines of camp +beds. Dr. Inglis and her officers in one corner; and how +quietly in all the noise and hubbub she went to bed and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> +slept. I remember how I had to waken her when certain +officials came on the night of our arrival to ask when we +would be ready for the wounded. 'Say to-morrow,' she +said, and slept again!</p> + +<p>"'It's a wonder she did not say <i>now</i>,' one of my fellow-officers +remarked!</p> + +<p>"We were equipped for two field hospitals of 100 beds +each, and our second hospital was established close to +the firing-line at Bulbulmic. We were at Bulbulmic and +Medjidia only some three weeks when we had to retreat."</p> + +<p>Three weeks of strenuous work at these two places +ended in a sudden evacuation and retreat—Hospital B +and the Transport got separated from Hospital A. We +can only, of course, follow the fortunes of Hospital A, +which was directly under Dr. Inglis.</p> + +<p>The night of the retreat is made vivid for us by Dr. +Inglis:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The station was a curious sight that night. The flight was +beginning. A crowd of people was collected at one end with boxes +and bundles and children. One little boy was lying on a doorstep +asleep, and against the wall farther on lay a row of soldiers. On +the bench to the right, under the light, was a doctor in his white +overall, stretched out sound asleep between the two rushes of work +at the station dressing-room; and a Roumanian officer talked to me +of Glasgow, where he had once been invited out to dinner, so he had +seen the British 'custims.' It was good to feel those British customs +were still going quietly on, whatever was happening here—breakfasts +coming regularly, hot water for baths, and everything as it +should be. It was probably absurd, but it came like a great wave +of comfort to feel that Britain was there, quiet, strong, and invincible, +behind everything and everybody."</p></blockquote> + +<p>A member of the Unit also gives us details:<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p> + +<p>"I went twice down to the station with baggage in the +evening, a perilous journey in rickety carts through pitch +darkness over roads (?) crammed with troops and +refugees, which were lit up periodically by the most +amazing green lightning I have ever seen, and the roar +and flash of the guns was incessant. At the station no +lights were allowed because of enemy aircraft, but the +place was illuminated here and there by the camp fires +of a new Siberian division which had just arrived. Picked +troops these, and magnificent men.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p> + +<p>"We wrestled with the baggage until 2 a.m., and went +back to the hospital in one of our own cars. Our orderly +came in almost in tears. Her cart had twice turned over +completely on its way to the station; so on arrival she +had hastened to Dr. Inglis with a tale of woe and a +scratched face. Dr. Inglis said: 'That's right, dear +child, that's right, <i>stick</i> to the equipment,' which may +very well be described as the motto of the Unit these +days!...</p> + +<p>"The majority of the Unit are to go to Galatz by train +with Dr. Corbett; the rest (self included) are to go by +road with Dr. Inglis, and work with the army as a clearing +station.</p> + +<p>"On the morning of October 22 the train party got +off as quick as possible, and about 4 p.m. a big lorry came +for our equipment. We loaded it, seven of us mounted +on the top, and the rest went in two of our own cars. +The scene was really intensely comic. Seven Scottish +women balanced precariously on the pile of luggage; a +Serbian doctor with whom Dr. Inglis is to travel standing +alongside in an hysterical condition, imploring us to +hurry, telling us the Bulgarians were as good as in the +town already; Dr. Inglis, quite unmoved, demanding the +whereabouts of the Ludgate boiler; somebody arriving +at the last minute with a huge open barrel of treacle, +which, of course, could not possibly be left to a German. +Oh dear! how we laughed!"</p> + +<p>Dr. Inglis would never allow the Sunday service to be +missed if it was at all possible to hold it.<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> Miss Onslow +tells us how she seized a seeming opportunity even on +this Sunday of so many dangers to make ready for the +service.</p> + +<p>"<i>Medjidia.</i>—Sunday was the day on which we began our +retreat from the Dobrudja. We spent most of the morning +going to and from the station—a place almost impossible +to enter or leave on account of the refugees, +their carts and animals, and the army, which was on the +move, blocking all the approaches—transporting sick +members of the Unit and some equipment which had still +to be put on the train, and only my touring car and one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> +ambulance with which to do the work. Dr. Inglis +had been at the station until the early hours of the +morning, but nevertheless superintended everything +that was being done both at the train and up at the +hospital.</p> + +<p>"Towards noon a Serbian officer brought in a report +that things were not as bad for the moment as they +expected. Whereupon the Doctor immediately gave +orders to prepare the room for service at 4 o'clock that +afternoon! And she began revolving plans for immediate +work in Medjidia. But, alas! the good news was +a false report—the enemy was rushing onwards. The +Russian lorry came for the personal baggage and any +remaining equipment which had not gone by train; and +it, piled high with luggage and some of the staff, left at +3, the remainder of us going in the ambulance and my +car. Dr. Inglis came in my car, and I had the honour +of driving our dear Doctor nearly all the time, and am +the only member of the Unit who was with her the whole +time of the retreat from Medjidia until we reached the +Danube at Harshova."</p> + +<p>The four days of the Dobrudja retreat from October +22nd to 26th were days of horror for all who took part in +it, not least for Dr. Inglis and the members of her Units. +"At first we passed a few carts, then at some distance +more and more, till we found ourselves in an unending +procession of peasants with all their worldly goods piled +on those vehicles.... This procession seemed difficult +to pass, but as time went on, added to it, came the +Roumanian army retreating—hundreds of guns, cavalry, +infantry, ambulances, Red Cross carts, motor-kitchens, +and wounded on foot—a most extraordinary scene. The +night was inky black; the only lights were our own head-lights +and those of the ambulance behind us, but they +revealed a sad and never-to-be-forgotten picture. Our +driver was quite wonderful; she sat unmoved, often for +half an hour at a time. There was a block, and we had +to wait while the yelling, frantic mob did what they could +to get into some sort of order; then we would move on +for ten minutes, and then stop again; it was like a dream +or a play; it certainly was a tragedy. No one spoke; +we just waited and watched it all; to us it was a spec<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>tacle, +to these poor homeless people it was a terrible +reality."<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></p> + +<p>At 11.30 that Sunday night Dr. Inglis and the party +with her arrived at Caramarat. The straw beds and the +fairytale dinner, and the cheery voice of Dr. Inglis calling +them to partake of it, will never be forgotten by +these Scottish women.</p> + +<p>On arrival at Caramarat Dr. Inglis had asked for a +room for her Unit and "a good meat meal." She was +told a room was waiting for them, but a good meal was +an impossibility; the town had been evacuated; there had +been no food to be got for days.</p> + +<p>"Though it was only a bare room with straw in heaps +on the floor and green blankets to wrap ourselves in, to +cold, shivering beings like ourselves it seemed all that +heart could desire.... Never shall I forget the delight +of lying down on the straw, the dry warm blanket rolled +round me. Then a most wonderful thing happened—the +door opened and several soldiers entered with the +most beautiful meal I ever ate. It was like a fairytale. +Where did it come from? The lovely soup—the real +Russian <i>borsh</i>—and roast turkey and plenty of bread +and <i>chi</i>. We ate like wolves, and I can remember so distinctly +sitting up in my straw nest, with my blanket round +me, and hearing Dr. Inglis's cheery voice saying, 'Isn't +this better than having to start and cook a meal?' She +was the most extraordinary person; when she said she +must have a thing, she got it, and it was never for herself, +always for others."<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></p> + +<p>They started again early on Monday morning, and +after another day of adventures slept that night in the +open air beside a river.</p> + +<p>"Cushions were brought from the cars and all the +rugs we could find, and soon we were sitting round the +fire waiting for the water to boil for our tea, and a more +delightful merry meal could not be imagined. We all +told our experiences of the day, and Dr. Inglis said: +'But this is the best of all; it is just like a fairytale.' And +so it was; for as we looked there were groups of soldiers +holding their horses, standing motionless, staring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> +at us; we saw them only through the wood-smoke. The +fire attracted them, and they came to see what it could +mean. Seeing nine women laughing and chatting, alone +and within earshot of the guns, the distant sky-line red +with the enemy's doings, was more than they could +understand. They did not speak, but quietly went away +as they had come.... Rolled in our blankets, with the +warmth of the fire making us feel drowsy, our chatter +gradually ceased, and we slept as only a day in the open +air can make one sleep."</p> + +<p>Another two days of continued retreat, and the different +parties of Scottish women arrived at places of safety.</p> + +<p>"Thus we all came through the Dobrudja retreat. We +had only been one month in Roumania, but we seemed +to have lived a lifetime between the 22nd and 26th of +October, 1916." In a letter to the Committee Dr. Inglis +says of the Unit: "They worked magnificently at +Medjidia, and took the retreat in a very joyous, indomitable +way. One cannot say they were plucky, because I +don't think it ever entered their heads to be afraid."</p> + +<p>Finally the scattered members of the Unit joined forces +again at Braila, where Dr. Inglis opened a hospital.</p> + +<p>During the time at Braila Dr. Inglis wrote to her relations. +The letter is dated Reni, where she had gone for +a few days.</p> + +<blockquote><p class='right'>"<span class="smcap">Reni</span>, <br /> +"<i>October 28th, 1916.</i></p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Dearest Amy</span>,</p> + +<p>"Just a line to say I am all right. Four weeks to-morrow +since we reached Medjidia and began our hospital. We evacuated +it in three weeks, and here we are all back on the frontier.... +Such a time it has been, Amy dear; you cannot imagine what war +is just behind the lines. And in a retreat....</p> + +<p>"Our second retreat—and almost to the same day. We evacuated +Kraguevatz on the 25th of October last year. We evacuated +Medjidia on the 22nd this year. On the 25th this year we were +working in a Russian dressing-station at Harshova, and were +moved on in the evening. We arrived at Braila to find 11,000 +wounded and seven doctors, only one of them a surgeon.</p> + +<p>"Boat come—must stop—am going back to Braila to do surgery. +Have sent every trained person there.</p> + +<p class='right'>"Ever, you dear, dear people, <br /> +"Your loving sister, <br /> +"<span class="smcap">Elsie</span>.</p> + +<p>"We have had lots of exciting things too—and amusing things—and +<i>good</i> things."</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>Two further retreats had, however, to be experienced +by Dr. Inglis and her Unit before they could settle down +to steady work. The three retreats took place in the following +order:</p> + +<p><i>Sunday, October 22nd.</i>—Retreated from Medjidia.</p> + +<p><i>October 25th.</i>—Arrived at Braila. Worked there till +December 3rd.</p> + +<p><i>December 3rd.</i>—Retreated to Galatz, where very +strenuous work awaited them.</p> + +<p><i>January 4th.</i>—Retreated to Reni.</p> + +<p><i>August, 1917.</i>—Left Reni, and rejoined the Serb division +at Hadji Abdul.</p> + +<p>The work during the above period, from October 25th, +1916, to August, 1917, was done for the Russians and +Roumanians. As soon as it was possible, Dr. Inglis +joined the Serb division in the end of August, 1917.</p> + +<p>"Dr. Inglis was still working in Reni when the Russian +Revolution broke out in March.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> The spirit of +unrest and indiscipline, which manifested itself among +the troops, spread also to the hospitals, and a Russian +doctor reported that in the other hospitals the patients +had their own committees, which fixed the hours for +meals and doctors' visits and made hospital discipline +impossible. But there was no sign of this under Dr. +Inglis's kindly but firm rule. Without relaxing disciplinary +measures, she did all in her power to keep the +patients happy and contented; and as the Russian Easter +drew near, she bought four ikons to be put up in the +wards, that the men might feel more at home. The +result of this kindly thought was a charming Easter +letter written by the patients—</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p class='center'>"<i>To the Much-honoured Elsie Maud, the Daughter of John.</i></p> + +<p>"The wounded and sick soldiers from all parts of the +army and fleet of great free Russia, who are now for +healing in the hospital which you command, penetrated +with a feeling of sincere respect, feel it their much-desired +duty, to-day, on the day of the feast of Holy +Easter, to express to you our deep reverence to you, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> +doctor warmly loved by all, and also to your honoured +personnel of women. We wish also to express our sincere +gratitude for all the care and attention bestowed +on us, and we bow low before the tireless and wonderful +work of yourself and your personnel, which we see every +day directed towards the good of the soldiers allied to +your country.... May England live!</p> + +<p class='right'>"(<i>Signed</i>) <span class="smcap">The Russian Citizen Soldiers</span>."</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>We cannot be too grateful to one member of the Unit +who, in her impressions of Dr. Inglis, has given us a +picture of her during these months in Russia that will +live:</p> + +<p>"I think so much stress has been laid, by those who +worked under her, on the leader who said there was no +such word as 'can't' in the dictionary, that the extraordinarily +lovable personality that lay at the root of her +leadership is in danger of being obscured. I do not mean +by this that we all had a romantic affection for her. Her +influence was of a much finer quality just because she +never dragged in the personal element. She was the +embodiment of so much, and achieved more in her +subordinates, just because she had never to depend for +their loyalty on the limits of an admired personality.</p> + +<p>"There is no one I should less like to hear described +as 'popular.' No one had less an easy power of +endearing herself at first sight to those with whom she +came in contact—at least, in the relations of the Unit. +The first impression, as has been repeated over and over +again, was always one of great strength and singleness +of purpose, but all those fine qualities with which the +general public is, quite rightly, ready to credit her had +their roots in a serenity and gentleness of spirit which +that same public has had all too little opportunity to +realize. Her Unit itself realized it slowly enough. They +obeyed at first because she was stronger than they, only +later because she was finer and better.</p> + +<p>"You know it was not, at least, an easy job to win the +best kind of service from a mixed lot of women, the +trained members of which had never worked under a +woman before, and were ready with their very narrow +outlook to seize on any and every opportunity for criti<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>cism. +There was much opposition, more or less grumblingly +expressed at first. No one hesitated to do what +she was told—impossible with Dr. Inglis as a chief—but +it was grudgingly done. In the end it was all for the +best. If she had been the kind of person who took +trouble to rouse an easy personal enthusiasm, the whole +thing would have fallen to pieces at the first stress of +work; on the other hand, if she had never inspired more +than respect, she would never have won the quality of +service she succeeded in winning. The really mean-spirited +were loyal just so long as she was present because she +daunted them, and Dr. Inglis's disapproval was most +certainly a thing to be avoided. But the great majority, +whatever their personal views, were quickly ready to +recognize her authority as springing from no hasty +impulse, but from a finely consistent discipline of +thought.</p> + +<p>"We were really lucky in having the retreat at the +beginning of the work. It helped the Unit to realize +how complete was the radical confidence they felt in her. +I think her extraordinary love of justice was next impressed +upon them. It took the sting out of every personal +grievance, and was so almost passionately sincere +it hardly seemed to matter if the verdict went against +you. Her selflessness was an example, and often enough +a reproach, to every one of us, and to go to her in any +personal difficulty was such a revelation of sympathy and +understanding as shed a light on those less obvious +qualities that really made all she achieved possible.</p> + +<p>"People have often come to me and said casually, 'Oh +yes, Dr. Inglis was a very charming woman, wasn't she?' +And I have felt sorely tempted to say rather snappishly, +'No, she wasn't.' Only they wouldn't have understood. +It is because their 'charming' goes into the same category +as my 'popular.'</p> + +<p>"I am afraid you will hardly have anticipated such an +outburst; the difficulty is, indeed, to know where to stop. +For what could I not say of the way her patients adored +her—the countless little unerring things she did and said +which just kept us going, when things were unusually +depressing, or the Unit unusually weary and homesick; +the really good moments when one won the generous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> +appreciation that was so well worth the winning; and +last—if I may strike this note—her endless personal +kindness to me."</p> + +<p>The following letter to her sister, Mrs. Simson, reveals +something of the lovable personality of Elsie Inglis. +The nephew to whom it refers was wounded in the eye at +the battle of Gaza, and died a fortnight before she did.</p> + +<blockquote><p class='right'>"<span class="smcap">Odessa</span>, <br /> +"<i>June 24th, 1917.</i></p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Dearest, Dearest Amy</span>,</p> + +<p>"Eve's letter came yesterday about Jim, and though I start +at seven to-morrow morning for Reni, I must write to you, dear, +before I go. Though what one can say I don't know. One sees +these awful doings all round one, but it strikes right home when +one thinks of <i>Jim</i>. Thank God he is still with us. The dear, dear +boy! I suppose he is home by now. And anyhow he won't be going +out again for some time. We are all learning much from this war, +and I know —— will say it is all our own faults, but I am not sure +that the theory that it is part of the long struggle between good and +evil does not appeal more to my mind. We are just here in it, and +whatever we suffer and whatever we lose, it is for the right we are +standing.... It is all terrible and awful, and I don't believe we +can disentangle it all in our minds just now. The only thing is +just to go on doing one's bit.... Miss Henderson is taking home +with her to-day a Serb officer, quite blind, shot right through behind +his eyes, to place him somewhere where he can be trained. I heard +of him just after I had read Eve's letter, and I nearly cried. He +wasn't just a case at that minute, with my thoughts full of Jim. +Dear old Jim! Give him my love, and tell him I'm <i>proud of him</i>. +And how splendidly the regiment did, and how they suffered!</p> + +<p class='right'>"Ever your loving sister, <br /> +"<span class="smcap">Elsie Maud Inglis</span>."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Another of her Unit, who worked with Dr. Inglis not +only during the year in Russia, but through much of the +strenuous campaign for the Suffrage, gives us these +remembrances:</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p class='center'>"<span class="smcap">Our Last Communion.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>"'He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High shall +abide under the shadow of the Almighty.'</p></blockquote> + +<p>"Dearer to me even than the memory of those outstanding +qualities of great-hearted initiative, courage, +and determination which helped to make Dr. Elsie Inglis +one of the great personalities of her age is the remembrance +of certain moments when, in the intimacy of close<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> +fellowship during my term of office with her on active +service, I caught glimpses of that simple, sublime faith +by which she lived and in which she died.</p> + +<p>"One of my most precious possessions is the Bible Dr. +Inglis read from when conducting the service held on +Sunday in the saloon of the transport which took our +Unit out to Archangel. The whole scene comes back +so vividly! The silent, listening lines of the girls on +either hand—Hospital grey and Transport khaki; in the +centre, standing before the Union Jack-covered desk, the +figure of our dear Chief, and her clear, calm voice—'He +that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High.' One +felt that such a 'secret place' was indeed the abode of +her serene spirit, and that there she found that steadfastness +of purpose which never wavered, and the +strength by which she exercised, not only the gracious +qualities of love, but those sterner ones of ruthlessness +and implacability which are among the essentials of +leadership.</p> + +<p>"Dr. Inglis was a philosopher in the calm way in +which she took the vicissitudes of life. It was only when +her judgment, in regard to the work she was engaged +in, was crossed that you became aware of her ruthlessness—her +<i>wonderful</i> ruthlessness! I can find no better +adjective. This quality of hers, perhaps more than any +other, drew out my admiration and respect. Slowly it +was borne in on those who worked with her that under +no circumstances whatever would she fail the cause for +which she was working, or those who had chosen to +follow her.</p> + +<p>"Another remembrance! By the banks of the +Danube at Reni, where at night the searchlight of the +enemy used to play upon our camp, in the tent erected +by the girls for the service, with the little altar simply +and beautifully decorated by the nurses' loving hands, I +see her kneeling beside me wrapt in a deep meditation, +from which I ventured to rouse her, as the Chaplain came +towards her with the sacred Bread and Wine. Looking +back, it seems to me that even then her soul was +reaching out beyond this present consciousness:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<div>"'Here in the body pent,</div> +<div>Absent from Him I roam.'</div> +</div></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>The look on her face was the look of those who hold +high Communion. So 'in remembrance' we ate and +drank of the same Bread and the same Cup. Even as I +write these words remembrance comes again, and I know +that, although her bodily presence is removed, her spirit +is in communion still."</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> <i>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals.</i> Hodder and +Stoughton. 7s. 6d.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> <i>With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania</i>, by Yvonne Fitzroy.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> We recall her great-uncle William Money's strict observance of +the Sabbath.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> "The Dobrudja Retreat," <i>Blackwood</i>, March, 1918.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> <i>Blackwood</i>, March, 1918.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <i>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals.</i></p></div> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII</h2> + +<h3>"IF YOU WANT US HOME, GET <i>THEM</i> OUT"</h3> + +<p>Through the summer months of 1917 Dr. Inglis had +been working to get the Serbian division to which her +Unit was attached out of Russia. They were in an unenviable +position. The disorganization of the Russian +Army made the authorities anxious to keep the Serbian +division there "to stiffen the Russians." The Serb Command +realized, on the other hand, that no effective stand +at that time would be made by the Russians, and that to +send the Serbs into action would be to expose them to +another disaster such as had overtaken them in the +Dobrudja. In the battle of the Dobrudja the Serb division +had gone into the fight 14,000 strong; they were in the +centre, with the Roumanians on the left and the Russians +on the right. The Roumanians and Russians +broke, and the Serbs, who had fought for twenty-four +hours on two fronts, came out with only 4,000 men. +Further slaughter such as this would have been the fate +of the Serbian division if left in Russia.</p> + +<p>"The men want to fight," said General Zivkovitch to +Dr. Inglis; "they are not cowards, but it goes to my +heart to send them to their death like this."</p> + +<p>In July there had seemed to be a hope of the division +being liberated and sent via Archangel to another front; +however, later the decision of the Russian Headquarters +was definitely stated. The Serbs were to be kept on the +Roumanian front. "The Serb Staff were powerless in +the matter, and entirely dependent on the good offices +of the British Government for effecting their release."</p> + +<p>Into this difficult situation Dr. Inglis descended, and +brought to bear on it all the force of which she was +capable. The whole story of her achievement is told +in <i>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals</i>, in those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> +chapters that are written by Miss Edith Palliser. Here +we can only refer to the message Dr. Inglis sent to the +Foreign Office through Sir George Buchanan, British +Ambassador at Petrograd, giving her own clear views +on the position and affirming that "In any event the +Scottish Women's Hospitals will stand by the Serbian +division, and will accompany them if they go to +Roumania."</p> + +<p>At the end of the month of August the Unit, leaving +Reni, rejoined the Serb division at Hadji-Abdul, a little +village midway between Reni and Belgrade.</p> + +<p>Dr. Inglis described it as a</p> + +<blockquote><p>"lovely place ... and we have a perfectly lovely camping-ground +among the trees. The division is hidden away wonderfully under +the trees, and at first they were very loath to let us pitch our big +tents, that could not be so thoroughly hidden; but I was quite bent +on letting them see what a nice hospital you had sent out, so I +managed to get it pitched, and they are so pleased with us. They +bring everybody—Russian Generals, Roumanian Military Attachés +and Ministers—to see it, and they are quite content because our +painted canvas looks like the roofs of ordinary houses."</p></blockquote> + +<p>"There was a constant rumour of a 'grand offensive' +to be undertaken on the Roumanian front, which Dr. +Inglis, though extremely sceptical of any offensive on a +large scale, made every preparation to meet.</p> + +<p>"The London Committee had cabled to Dr. Inglis in +the month of August advising the withdrawal of the +Unit, but leaving the decision in her hands, to which she +replied:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"'I am grateful to you for leaving decision in my hands. I will +come with the division.'</p></blockquote> + +<p>"Following upon this cable came a letter, in which she +emphasized her reasons for remaining:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"'If there were a disaster we should none of us ever forgive ourselves +if we had left. We <i>must</i> stand by. If you want us home, +get <i>them</i> out.'"</p></blockquote> + +<p>Orders and counter-orders for the release of the division +were incessant, and on their release depended, as we +have seen, the home-coming of the Unit.</p> + +<p>"The London Units Committee had feared greatly for +the fate of the Unit if, as seemed probable, the Serb divi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>sion +was not able to leave Russia, and on November 9 +approached the Hon. H. Nicholson at the War Department +of the Foreign Office, who assured them that the +Unit would be quite safe with the Serbs, who were well +disciplined and devoted to Dr. Inglis. At that moment +he thought it would be most unsafe for the Unit to leave +the Serbs and to try to come home overland.</p> + +<p>"Mr. Nicholson expressed the opinion that the Committee +would never persuade Dr. Inglis to leave her +Serbs, and added: 'I cannot express to you our admiration +here for Dr. Inglis and the work your Units have +done.'"<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a></p> + +<p>At last the release of the division was effected, and on +November 14 a cable was received by the Committee +from Dr. Inglis from Archangel announcing her departure:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"On our way home. Everything satisfactory, and all well except +me."</p></blockquote> + +<p>This was the first intimation the London Committee +had received that Dr. Inglis was ill.</p> + +<p>She arrived at Newcastle on Friday, November 23, +bringing her Unit and the Serbian division with her. A +great gale was blowing in the river, and they were unable +to land until Sunday. Dr. Inglis had been very ill during +the whole voyage, but on the Sunday afternoon she came +on deck, and stood for half an hour whilst the officers of +the Serbian division took leave of her.</p> + +<p>"It was a wonderful example of her courage and fortitude. +She stood unsupported—a splendid figure of +quiet dignity, her face ashen and drawn like a mask, +dressed in her worn uniform coat, with the faded ribbons, +that had seen such good service. As the officers +kissed her hand, she said to each of them a few words, +accompanied with her wonderful smile."</p> + +<p>She had stood through the summer months in Russia, +an indomitable little figure, refusing to leave, until she +had got ships for the remnant of the Serbian division, +and then, with her Serbs and her Unit around her, she +landed on the shores of England, to die.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> <i>A History of The Scottish Women's Hospitals.</i></p></div> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII</h2> + +<h3>"THE NEW WORK" AND MEMORIES</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<div>"Never knew I a braver going</div> +<div>Never read I of one....</div> +</div></div> + +<blockquote><p>"You faced the shadow with all tenderest words of love for all of +us, but with not one selfish syllable on your lips."<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></p></blockquote> + +<p>Dr. Inglis was brought on shore on Sunday evening, +and a room was taken for her in the Station Hotel at +Newcastle.</p> + +<p>"The victory over Death has begun when the fear of +death is destroyed."</p> + +<p>She had been dying by inches for months. She had +fought Death in Russia; she had fought him through all +the long voyage. It was a strange warfare. For he +was not to be stayed. Irresistible, majestic, wonderful, +he took his toll—and yet she remained untouched by +him! With unclouded vision, undimmed faith, and undaunted +courage, serene and triumphant, in the last, <i>she +passed him by</i>.</p> + +<p>There was no fear in that room on the evening that +Elsie Inglis "went forth."</p> + +<p>Dr. Ethel Williams writes of her in November, 1919: +"The demonstration of serenity of spirit and courage +during Dr. Inglis's last illness was so wonderful that it +has dwelt with me ever since. At first one felt that she +did not in the least grasp the seriousness of her condition, +but very soon one realized that she was just meeting +fresh events with the same fearlessness and serenity +of spirit as she had met the uncertainties and difficulties +of life."</p> + +<p>One of her nieces was with her the whole of that last +day. After Dr. Ethel Williams's visit, when for the first<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> +time Elsie Inglis realized that the last circle of her work +on earth was complete, she said to her niece, "It is grand +to think of beginning a new work over there!"</p> + +<p>By the evening her sisters were with her. To the very +last her mind was clear, her spirit dominant. Her confident +"I know," in response to every thought and word +of comfort offered to her, was the outward expression of +her inward State of Faith.</p> + +<p>What made her passing so mighty and full of triumph? +Surely it was the "Power of an Endless Life," that idea +to which she had committed herself years ago as she had +stood at the open grave where the first seemingly hopeless +good-bye had been said. The Power of that Endless +Life, the Life of Christ, carried her forward on its +mighty current into the New Region shut out from our +view, but where the Life is still the same.</p> + +<p>We have watched through these pages the widening +circles of Elsie Inglis's life. Her medical profession, +The Hospice, the Women's Movement, the Scottish +Women's Hospitals, Serbia, her achievements in Russia—these +we know of; the work which has been given to +her now is beyond our knowledge; but "we look after +her with love and admiration, and know that somewhere, +just out of sight, she is still working in her own keen +way," circle after circle of service widening out in endless +joyousness.</p> + +<p>On Thursday, November 29, St. Giles's Cathedral in +Edinburgh was filled with a great congregation, assembled +to do honour to the memory of Elsie Inglis. She +was buried with military honours. At the end of the +service the Hallelujah Chorus was played, and after the +Last Post the buglers of the Royal Scots rang out the +Réveillé. From the door of the Cathedral to the Dean +Cemetery the streets were lined with people waiting to +see her pass. "Dr. Inglis was buried with marks of +respect and recognition which make that passing stand +alone in the history of the last rites of any of her fellow-citizens." +It was not a funeral, but a triumph. "What +a triumphal home-coming she had!" said one friend. +And another wrote: "How glorious the service was yesterday! +I don't know if you intended it, but one impression +was uppermost in my mind, which became more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> +distinct after I left, until by evening it stood out clear +and strong. The note of <i>Victory</i>. I had a curious impression +that her spirit was there, just before it passed +on to larger spheres, and that it was glad. I felt I must +tell you. I wonder if you felt it too. The note of Victory +was bigger than the war. The Soul triumphant +passing on. The Réveillé expressed it."</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="gs107.jpg" id="gs107.jpg"></a><img src="images/gs107.jpg" width='514' height='700' alt="THE HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES" /></p> + +<p class='right'><i>Photo by D. Scott</i></p> + +<h4>THE HIGH STREET, EDINBURGH, LOOKING TOWARDS ST. GILES</h4> + +<p>In the two Memorial Services held to commemorate +Dr. Inglis, one in St. Giles's Cathedral and the other in +St. Margaret's, Westminster, a week later, the whole +nation and all the interests of her life were represented.</p> + +<p>Royalty was represented, the Foreign Office, the War +Office, the Admiralty, different bodies of women workers, +the Suffrage cause, the Medical world, the Serbians, +and—the children.</p> + +<p>Scores of "her children" were in St. Giles's, scattered +through the congregation; in the crowds who lined the +streets, they were seen hanging on to their mothers' +skirts; and they were round the open grave in the Dean +Cemetery. These were the children of the wynds and +closes of the High Street, some of them bearing her +name, "Elsie Maud," to whom she had never been too +tired or too busy to respond when they needed her +medical help or when "they waved to her across the +street."</p> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p>"The estimate of a life of such throbbing energy, the +summing up of achievement and influence in due proportion—these +belong to a future day. But we are +wholly justified in doing honour to the memory of a +woman whose personality won the heart of an entire +brave nation, and of whom one of the gallant Serbian +officers who bore her body to the grave said, with simple +earnestness: 'We would almost rather have lost a battle +than lost her!'"<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></p> + +<p>"Alongside the wider public loss, the full and noble +public recognition, there stands in the shadow the unspoken +sorrow of her Unit. The price has been paid, +and paid as Dr. Inglis herself would have wished it, on +the high completion of a chapter in her work, but we +stand bowed before the knowledge of how profound and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> +how selfless was that surrender. Month after month her +courage and her endurance never flagged. Daily and +hourly, in the very agony of suffering and death, she +gave her life by inches. Sad and more difficult though +the road must seem to us now, our privilege has been a +proud one: to have served and worked with her, to +have known the unfailing support of her strength and +sympathy, and, best of all, to be permitted to preserve +through life the memory and the stimulus of a supreme +ideal."<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></p> + +<p>"So passes the soul of a very gallant woman. Living, +she spent herself lavishly for humanity. Dying, she +joins the great unseen army of Happy Warriors, who +as they pass on fling to the ranks behind a torch which, +pray God, may never become a cold and lifeless thing."<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a></p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> In a letter written to his son after his death: see <i>Life beyond +Death</i>, by Minot Judson Savage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> The Very Rev. Wallace Williamson.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Miss Yvonne Fitzroy in <i>With the Scottish Nurses in Roumania</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> A writer in the <i>Sunday Times</i>.</p></div> +</div> + +<hr /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY" id="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></a>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2> + +<p>[The following books will be found of value by those +whose interest may have been awakened by these pages +to desire to know more of the career chosen by Elsie +Inglis, and to gain an entrance into the lives of other +men and women who have followed the medical profession +both at home and abroad.—<span class="smcap">Ed</span>.]</p> + +<blockquote><p>The Problem of Creation. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.</p> + +<p>Pioneers of Progress (Men of Science). Edited by S. Chapman, +M.A., D.Sc. S.P.C.K.</p> + +<p>God and the World. By Canon A. W. Robinson. S.P.C.K.</p> + +<p>The Natural and Supernatural in Science and Religion. By J. M. +Wilson. S.P.C.K.</p> + +<p>The Mystery of Life. By J. E. Mercer, Bp. S.P.C.K.</p> + +<p>Where Science and Religion Meet. By Scott Palmer. S.P.C.K.</p> + +<p>The Natural Law in the Spiritual World. By Henry Drummond. +Hodder and Stoughton.</p> + +<p>Introduction to Science. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Williams and +Norgate.</p> + +<p>The Warder of Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and Sons.</p> + +<p>Secrets of Animal Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose and +Sons.</p> + +<p>Darwinism and Human Life. By Prof. J. A. Thomson. Melrose +and Sons.</p> + +<p>A History of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. By Eva Shaw McLaren. +Hodder and Stoughton.</p> + +<p>Vikings of To-day. By W. T. Grenfell. Marshall Bros.</p> + +<p>Father Damien. By Edward Clifford. Macmillan.</p> + +<p>The Life of David Livingstone. By W. G. Blakie, D.D., LL.D. +John Murray.</p> + +<p>Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier. By Dr. Pennell. +Seeley, Service.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p> + +<p>Pennell of the Afghan Frontier. By A. M. Pennell. Seeley, Service.</p> + +<p>Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget. By Stephen Paget. +Longmans, Green.</p> + +<p>Lord Lister: His Life and Work. By G. T. Wrench. Longmans, +Green.</p> + +<p>The Life of Pasteur. By René Vallery-Radot. Constable.</p> + +<p>A Woman Doctor—Mary Murdoch of Hull. By Hope Malleson. +Sidgwick and Jackson.</p> + +<p>The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake. By Margaret Todd. Macmillan.</p> + +<p>Sir Victor Horsley. By Stephen Paget. Constable.</p> + +<p>At Work: Letters of Maria Elizabeth Hayes, M.D. Edited by Mrs. +Hayes. S.P.G.</p> + +<p>Pioneer Work for Women (see Bibliography, page xiv.). By Dr. +Elizabeth Blackwell. Dent.</p> + +<p>Dr. Jackson of Manchuria. By Rev. A. J. Costain, B.A. Hodder +and Stoughton.</p> + +<p>Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. By Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill. +J. Clarke.</p> + +<p>The Way of the Good Physician. By Henry Hodgkin. L.M.S.</p> + +<p>The Claim of Suffering. By Elma Paget. S.P.G.</p> + +<p>Companions of My Solitude. By Sir A. Helps. George Routledge.</p> + +<p>Friends in Council (2 vols.). By Sir A. Helps. John Murray.</p> + +<p>Confessio Medici. Macmillan.</p> + +<p>I Wonder. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.</p> + +<p>I Sometimes Think. By Stephen Paget. Macmillan.</p> + +<p>The Corner of Harley Street: Being Some Familiar Correspondence +of Peter Harding, M.D. Constable.</p> + +<p>Living Water. By Harold Begbie. Headley Bros.</p> + +<p>Essays on Vocation. Edited by Basil Mathews. (A second series is +in course of preparation.) Oxford University Press.</p> + +<p>Body and Soul. By Dr. Dearmer. Isaac Pitman.</p> + +<p>Common Sense. By Dr. Jane Walker. Privately printed.</p></blockquote> + +<p class='tbrk'> </p> + +<p class='center'>BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Elsie Inglis, by Eva Shaw McLaren + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELSIE INGLIS *** + +***** This file should be named 18530-h.htm or 18530-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/8/5/3/18530/ + +Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Brian Janes, Martin Pettit +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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