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Farley. + + + + + +An Old Town By The Sea + +by Thomas Bailey Aldrich + + + + +PISCATAQUA RIVER + +Thou singest by the gleaming isles, +By woods, and fields of corn, +Thou singest, and the sunlight smiles +Upon my birthday morn. + +But I within a city, I, +So full of vague unrest, +Would almost give my life to lie +An hour upon upon thy breast. + +To let the wherry listless go, +And, wrapt in dreamy joy, +Dip, and surge idly to and fro, +Like the red harbor-buoy; + +To sit in happy indolence, +To rest upon the oars, +And catch the heavy earthy scents +That blow from summer shores; + +To see the rounded sun go down, +And with its parting fires +Light up the windows of the town +And burn the tapering spires; + +And then to hear the muffled tolls +From steeples slim and white, +And watch, among the Isles of Shoals, +The Beacon's orange light. + +O River! flowing to the main +Through woods, and fields of corn, +Hear thou my longing and my pain +This sunny birthday morn; + +And take this song which fancy shapes +To music like thine own, +And sing it to the cliffs and capes +And crags where I am known! + + + + +CONTENTS + +I. CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH +II. ALONG THE WATER SIDE +III. A STROLL ABOUT TOWN +IV. A STROLL ABOUT TOWN (continued) +V. OLD STRAWBERRY BANK +VI. SOME OLD PORTSMOUTH PROFILES +VII. PERSONAL REMINISCENCES + +INDEX OF NAMES + + + + +AN OLD TOWN BY THE SEA + +I. +CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH + +I CALL it an old town, but it is only relatively old. When one +reflects on the countless centuries that have gone to the +for-mation of this crust of earth on which we temporarily move, +the most ancient cities on its surface seem merely things of the +week before last. It was only the other day, then--that is to +say, in the month of June, 1603--that one Martin Pring, in the +ship Speedwell, an enormous ship of nearly fifty tons burden, +from Bristol, England, sailed up the Piscataqua River. The +Speedwell, numbering thirty men, officers and crew, had for +consort the Discoverer, of twenty-six tons and thirteen men. +After following the windings of "the brave river" for twelve +miles or more, the two vessels turned back and put to sea again, +having failed in the chief object of the expedition, which was to +obtain a cargo of the medicinal sassafras-tree, from the bark of +which, as well known to our ancestors, could be distilled the +Elixir of Life. + +It was at some point on the left bank of the Piscataqua, three or +four miles from the mouth of the river, that worthy Master Pring +probably effected one of his several landings. The beautiful +stream widens suddenly at this place, and the green banks, then +covered with a network of strawberry vines, and sloping +invitingly to the lip of the crystal water, must have won the +tired mariners. + +The explorers found themselves on the edge of a vast forest of +oak, hemlock, maple, and pine; but they saw no sassafras-trees to +speak of, nor did they encounter--what would have been infinitely +less to their taste--and red-men. Here and there were +discoverable the scattered ashes of fires where the Indians had +encamped earlier in the spring; they were absent now, at the +silvery falls, higher up the stream, where fish abounded at that +season. The soft June breeze, laden with the delicate breath of +wild-flowers and the pungent odors of spruce and pine, ruffled +the duplicate sky in the water; the new leaves lisped pleasantly +in the tree tops, and the birds were singing as if they had gone +mad. No ruder sound or movement of life disturbed the primeval +solitude. Master Pring would scarcely recognize the spot were he +to land there to-day. + +Eleven years afterwards a much cleverer man than the commander of +the Speedwell dropped anchor in the Piscataqua--Captain John +Smith of famous memory. After slaying Turks in hand-to-hand +combats, and doing all sorts of doughty deeds wherever he chanced +to decorate the globe with his presence, he had come with two +vessels to the fisheries on the rocky selvage of Maine, when +curiosity, or perhaps a deeper motive, led him to examine the +neighboring shore lines. With eight of his men in a small boat, +a ship's yawl, he skirted the coast from Penobscot Bay to Cape +Cod, keeping his eye open. This keeping his eye open was a +peculiarity of the little captain; possibly a family trait. It +was Smith who really discovered the Isles of Shoals, exploring in +person those masses of bleached rock--those "isles assez hautes," +of which the French navigator Pierre de Guast, Sieur de Monts, +had caught a bird's-eye glimpse through the twilight in 1605. +Captain Smith christened the group Smith's Isles, a title which +posterity, with singular persistence of ingratitude, has ignored. +It was a tardy sense of justice that expressed itself a few years +ago in erecting on Star Island a simple marble shaft to the +memory of JOHN SMITH--the multitudinous! Perhaps this long delay +is explained by a natural hesitation to label a monument so +ambiguously. + +The modern Jason, meanwhile, was not without honor in his own +country, whatever may have happened to him in his own house, for +the poet George Wither addressed a copy of pompous verses "To his +Friend Captain Smith, upon his Description of New England.""Sir," +he says-- + + "Sir: your Relations I haue read: which shew + Ther's reason I should honor them and you: + And if their meaning I have vnderstood, + I dare to censure thus: Your Project's good; + And may (if follow'd) doubtlesse quit the paine + With honour, pleasure and a trebble gaine; + Beside the benefit that shall arise + To make more happy our Posterities." + +The earliest map of this portion of our seaboard was prepared by +Smith and laid before Prince Charles, who asked to give the +country a name. He christened it New England. In that remarkable +map the site of Portsmouth is call Hull, and Kittery and York are +known as Boston. + +It was doubtless owing to Captain John Smith's representation on +his return to England that the Laconia Company selected the banks +of the Piscataqua for their plantation. Smith was on an intimate +footing with Sir Ferinand Gorges, who, five years subsequently, +made a tour of inspection along the New England coast, in company +with John Mason, then Governor of Newfoundland. One of the +results of this summer cruise is the town of Portsmouth, among +whose leafy ways, and into some of whose old-fashioned houses, I +purpose to take the reader, if he have an idle hour on his hands. +Should we meet the flitting ghost of some old-time worthy, on the +staircase or at a lonely street corner, the reader must be +prepared for it. + +II. +ALONG THE WATER SIDE + +IT is not supposable that the early settlers selected the site of +their plantation on account of its picturesqueness. They were +influenced entirely by the lay of the land, its nearness and easy +access to the sea, and the secure harbor it offered to their +fishing-vessels; yet they could not have chosen a more beautiful +spot had beauty been the sole consideration. The first settlement +was made at Odiorne's Point--the Pilgrims' Rock of New Hampshire; +there the Manor, or Mason's Hall, was built by the Laconia +Company in 1623. It was not until 1631 that the Great House was +erected by Humphrey Chadborn on Strawberry Bank. Mr. Chadborn, +consciously or unconsciously, sowed a seed from which a city has +sprung. + +The town of Portsmouth stretches along the south bank of the +Piscataqua, about two miles from the sea as the crow flies--three +miles following the serpentine course of the river. The stream +broadens suddenly at this point, and at flood tide, lying without +a ripple in a basin formed by the interlocked islands and the +mainland, it looks more like an island lake than a river. To the +unaccustomed eye there is no visible outlet. Standing on one of +the wharves at the foot of State Street or Court Street, a +stranger would at first scarcely suspect the contiguity of the +ocean. A little observation, however, would show him that he was +in a seaport. The rich red rust on the gables and roofs of +ancient buildings looking seaward would tell him that. There is +a fitful saline flavor in the air, and if while he gazed a dense +white fog should come rolling in, like a line of phantom +breakers, he would no longer have any doubts. + +It is of course the oldest part of the town that skirts the +river, though few of the notable houses that remain are to be +found there. Like all New England settlements, Portsmouth was +built of wood, and has been subjected to extensive +conflagrations. You rarely come across a brick building that is +not shockingly modern. The first house of the kind was erected +by Richard Wibird towards the close of the seventeenth century. + +Though many of the old landmarks have been swept away by the +fateful hand of time and fire, the town impresses you as a very +old town, especially as you saunter along the streets down by the +river. The worm-eaten wharves, some of them covered by a sparse, +unhealthy beard of grass, and the weather-stained, unoccupied +warehouses are sufficient to satisfy a moderate appetite for +antiquity. These deserted piers and these long rows of empty +barracks, with their sarcastic cranes projecting from the eaves, +rather puzzle the stranger. Why this great preparation for a +commercial activity that does not exist, and evidently had not +for years existed? There are no ships lying at the pier-heads; +there are no gangs of stevedores staggering under the heavy cases +of merchandise; here and there is a barge laden down to the +bulwarks with coal, and here and there a square-rigged schooner +from Maine smothered with fragrant planks and clapboards; an +imported citizen is fishing at the end of the wharf, a ruminative +freckled son of Drogheda, in perfect sympathy with the indolent +sunshine that seems to be sole proprietor of these crumbling +piles and ridiculous warehouses, from which even the ghost of +prosperity has flown. + +Once upon a time, however, Portsmouth carried on an extensive +trade with the West Indies, threatening as a maritime port to +eclipse both Boston and New York. At the windows of these musty +counting-rooms which overlook the river near Spring Market used +to stand portly merchants, in knee breeches and silver +shoe-buckles and plum-colored coats with ruffles at the wrist, +waiting for their ships to come up the Narrows; the cries of +stevedores and the chants of sailors at the windlass used to echo +along the shore where all is silence now. For reasons not worth +setting forth, the trade with the Indies abruptly closed, having +ruined as well as enriched many a Portsmouth adventurer. This +explains the empty warehouses and the unused wharves. Portsmouth +remains the interesting widow of a once very lively commerce. I +fancy that few fortunes are either made or lost in Portsmouth +nowadays. Formerly it turned out the best ships, as it did the +ablest ship captains, in the world. There were families in which +the love for blue water was in immemorial trait. The boys were +always sailors; "a grey-headed shipmaster, in each generation, +retiring from the quarter-deck to the homestead, while a boy of +fourteen took the hereditary place before the mast, confronting +the salt spray and the gale, which had blasted against his sire +and grandsire." (1. Hawthorne in his introduction to The Scarlet +Letter.) With thousands of miles of sea-line and a score or two +of the finest harbors on the globe, we have adroitly turned over +our carrying trade to foreign nations. + +In other days, as I have said, a high maritime spirit was +characteristic of Portsmouth. The town did a profitable business +in the war of 1812, sending out a large fleet of the sauciest +small craft on record. A pleasant story is told of one of these +little privateers--the Harlequin, owned and commanded by Captain +Elihu Brown. The Harlequin one day gave chase to a large ship, +which did not seem to have much fight aboard, and had got it into +close quarters, when suddenly the shy stranger threw open her +ports, and proved to be His Majesty's Ship-of-War Bulwark, +seventy-four guns. Poor Captain Brown! + +Portsmouth has several large cotton factories and one or two +corpulent breweries; it is a wealthy old town, with a liking for +first mortgage bonds; but its warmest lover will not claim for it +the distinction of being a great mercantile centre. The majority +of her young men are forced to seek other fields to reap, and +almost every city in the Union, and many a city across the sea, +can point to some eminent merchant, lawyer, or what not, as "a +Portsmouth boy." Portsmouth even furnished the late king of the +Sandwich Islands, Kekuanaoa, with a prime minister, and his +nankeen Majesty never had a better. The affection which all these +exiles cherish for their birthplace is worthy of remark. On two +occasions--in 1852 and 1873, the two hundred and fiftieth +anniversary of the settlement of Strawberry Bank--the +transplanted sons of Portsmouth were seized with an impulse to +return home. Simultaneously and almost without concerted action, +the lines of pilgrims took up their march from every quarter of +the globe, and swept down with music and banners on the motherly +old town. + +To come back to the wharves. I do not know of any spot with such +a fascinating air of dreams and idleness about it as the old +wharf at the end of Court Street. The very fact that it was once +a noisy, busy place, crowded with sailors and soldiers--in the +war of 1812--gives an emphasis to the quiet that broods over it +to-day. The lounger who sits of a summer afternoon on a rusty +anchor fluke in the shadow of one of the silent warehouses, and +look on the lonely river as it goes murmuring past the town, +cannot be too grateful to the India trade for having taken itself +off elsewhere. + +What a slumberous, delightful, lazy place it is! The sunshine +seems to lie a foot deep on the planks of the dusty wharf, which +yields up to the warmth a vague perfume of the cargoes of rum, +molasses, and spice that used to be piled upon it. The river is +as blue as the inside of a harebell. The opposite shore, in the +strangely shifting magic lights of sky and water, stretches along +like the silvery coast of fairyland. Directly opposite you is +the navy yard, and its neat officers' quarters and workshops and +arsenals, and its vast shiphouses, in which the keel of many a +famous frigate has been laid. Those monster buildings on the +water's edge, with their roofs pierced with innumerable little +windows, which blink like eyes in the sunlight, and the +shiphouses. On your right lies a cluster of small islands,--there +are a dozen or more in the harbor--on the most extensive of which +you see the fading-away remains of some earthworks thrown up in +1812. Between this--Trefethren's Island--and Peirce's Island lie +the Narrows. Perhaps a bark or a sloop-of-war is making up to +town; the hulk is hidden amoung the islands, and the topmasts +have the effect of sweeping across the dry land. On your left is +a long bridge, more than a quarter of a mile in length, set upon +piles where the water is twenty or thirty feet deep, leading to +the navy yard and Kittery--the Kittery so often the theme of +Whittier's verse. + +This is a mere outline of the landscape that spreads before you. +Its changeful beauty of form and color, with the summer clouds +floating over it, is not to be painted in words. I know of many a +place where the scenery is more varied and striking; but there is +a mandragora quality in the atmosphere here that holds you to the +spot, and makes the half-hours seem like minutes. I could fancy a +man sitting on the end of that old wharf very contentedly for two +or three years, provided it could be always in June. + +Perhaps, too, one would desire it to be always high water. The +tide falls from eight to twelve feet, and when the water makes +out between the wharves some of the picturesqueness makes out +also. A corroded section of stovepipe mailed in barnacles, or the +skeleton of a hoopskirt protruding from the tide mud like the +remains of some old-time wreck, is apt to break the enchantment. + +I fear I have given the reader an exaggerated idea of the +solitude that reigns along the river-side. Sometimes there is +society here of an unconventional kind, if you care to seek it. +Aside from the foreign gentleman before mentioned, you are likely +to encounter, farther down the shore toward the Point of Graves +(a burial-place of the colonial period), a battered and aged +native fisherman boiling lobsters on a little gravelly bench, +where the river whispers and lisps among the pebbles as the tide +creeps in. It is a weather-beaten ex-skipper or ex-pilot, with +strands of coarse hair, like seaweed, falling about a face that +has the expression of a half-open clam. He is always ready to +talk with you, this amphibious person; and if he is not the most +entertaining of gossips--more weather-wise that Old +Probabilities, and as full of moving incident as Othello +himself--then he is not the wintery-haired shipman I used to see +a few years ago on the strip of beach just beyond Liberty Bridge, +building his drift-wood fire under a great tin boiler, and making +it lively for a lot of reluctant lobsters. + +I imagine that very little change has taken place in this +immediate locality, known prosaically as Puddle Dock, during the +past fifty or sixty years. The view you get looking across +Liberty Bridge, Water Street, is probably the same in every +respect that presented itself to the eyes of the town folk a +century ago. The flagstaff, on the right, is the representative +of the old "standard of liberty" which the Sons planted on this +spot in January, 1766, signalizing their opposition to the +enforcement of the Stamp Act. On the same occasion the patriots +called at the house of Mr. George Meserve, the agent for +distributing the stamps in New Hampshire, and relieved him of his +stamp-master's commission, which document they carried on the +point of a sword through the town to Liberty Bridge (the Swing +Bridge), where they erected the staff, with the motto, "Liberty, +Property, and no Stamp!" + +The Stamp Act was to go into operation on the first day of +November. On the previous morning the "New Hampshire Gazette" +appeared with a deep black border and all the typographical +emblems of affliction, for was not Liberty dead? At all events, +the "Gazette" itself was as good as dead, since the printer could +no longer publish it if he were to be handicapped by a heavy tax. +"The day was ushered in by the tolling of all the bells in town, +the vessels in the harbor had their colors hoisted half-mast +high; about three o'clock a funeral procession was formed, having +a coffin with this inscription, LIBERTY, AGED 145, STAMPT. It +moved from the state house, with two unbraced drums, through the +principal streets. As it passed the Parade, minute-guns were +fired; at the place of interment a speech was delivered on the +occasion, stating the many advantages we had received and the +melancholy prospect before us, at the seeming departure of our +invaluable liberties. But some sign of life appearing, Liberty +was not deposited in the grave; it was rescued by a number of her +sons, the motto changed to Liberty revived, and carried off in +triumph. The detestable Act was buried in its stead, and the +clods of the valley were laid upon it; the bells changed their +melancholy sound to a more joyful tone." (1. Annals of +Portsmouth, by Nathaniel Adams, 1825.) + +With this side glance at one of the curious humors of the time, +we resume our peregrinations. + +Turning down a lane on your left, a few rods beyond Liberty +Bridge, you reach a spot known as the Point of Graves, chiefly +interesting as showing what a graveyard may come to if it last +long enough. In 1671 one Captain John Pickering, of whom we +shall have more to say, ceded to the town a piece of ground on +this neck for burial purposes. It is an odd-shaped lot, +comprising about half an acre, inclosed by a crumbling red brick +wall two or three feet high, with wood capping. The place is +overgrown with thistles, rank grass, and fungi; the black slate +headstones have mostly fallen over; those that still make a +pretense of standing slant to every point of the compass, and +look as if they were being blown this way and that by a +mysterious gale which leaves everything else untouched; the +mounds have sunk to the common level, and the old underground +tombs have collapsed. Here and there the moss and weeds you can +pick out some name that shines in the history of the early +settlement; hundreds of the flower of the colony lie here, but +the known and the unknown, gentle and simple, mingle their dust +on a perfect equality now. The marble that once bore a haughty +coat of arms is as smooth as the humblest slate stone guiltless +of heraldry. The lion and the unicorn, wherever they appear on +some cracked slab, are very much tamed by time. The once +fat-faced cherubs, with wing at either cheek, are the merest +skeletons now. Pride, pomp, grief, and remembrance are all at +end. No reverent feet come here, no tears fall here; the old +graveyard itself is dead! A more dismal, uncanny spot than this +at twilight would be hard to find. It is noticed that when the +boys pass it after nightfall, they always go by whistling with a +gayety that is perfectly hollow. + +Let us get into some cheerfuler neighborhood! + +III. +A STROLL ABOUT TOWN + +AS you leave the river front behind you, and pass "up town," the +streets grow wider, and the architecture becomes more +ambitious--streets fringed with beautiful old trees and lined +with commodious private dwellings, mostly square white houses, +with spacious halls running through the centre. Previous to the +Revolution, white paint was seldom used on houses, and the +diamond-shaped window pane was almost universal. Many of the +residences stand back from the brick or flagstone sidewalk, and +have pretty gardens at the side or in the rear, made bright with +dahlias and sweet with cinnamon roses. If you chance to live in a +town where the authorities cannot rest until they have destroyed +every precious tree within their blighting reach, you will be +especially charmed by the beauty of the streets of Portsmouth. +In some parts of the town, when the chestnuts are in blossom, you +would fancy yourself in a garden in fairyland. In spring, +summer, and autumn the foliage is the glory of the fair town--her +luxuriant green and golden treeses! Nothing could seem more like +the work of enchantment than the spectacle which certain streets +in Portsmouth present in the midwinter after a heavy snowstorm. +You may walk for miles under wonderful silvery arches formed by +the overhanging and interlaced boughs of the trees, festooned +with a drapery even more graceful and dazzling than springtime +gives them. The numerous elms and maples which shade the +principal thoroughfares are not the result of chance, but the +ample reward of the loving care that is taken to preserve the +trees. There is a society in Portsmouth devoted to +arboriculture. It is not unusual there for persons to leave +legacies to be expended in setting out shade and ornamental trees +along some favorite walk. Richards Avenue, a long, unbuilt +thoroughfare leading from Middle Street to the South +Burying-Ground, perpetuates the name of a citizen who gave the +labor of his own hands to the beautifying of that windswept and +barren road the cemetery. This fondness and care for trees seems +to be a matter of heredity. So far back as 1660 the selectmen +instituted a fine of five shillings for the cutting of timber or +any other wood from off the town common, excepting under special +conditions. + +In the business section of the town trees are few. The chief +business streets are Congress and Market. Market Street is the +stronghold of the dry-goods shops. There are seasons, I suppose, +when these shops are crowded, but I have never happened to be in +Portsmouth at the time. I seldom pass through the narrow +cobble-paved street without wondering where the customers are +that must keep all these flourishing little establishments going. +Congress Street--a more elegant thoroughfare than Market--is the +Nevski Prospekt of Portsmouth. Among the prominent buildings is +the Athenaeum, containing a reading-room and library. From the +high roof of this building the stroller will do well to take a +glance at the surrounding country. He will naturally turn +seaward for the more picturesque aspects. If the day is clear, he +will see the famous Isle of Shoals, lying nine miles +away--Appledore, Smutty-Nose, Star Island, White Island, etc.; +there are nine of them in all. On Appledore is Laighton's Hotel, +and near it the summer cottage of Celia Thaxter, the poet of the +Isles. On the northern end of Star Island is the quaint town of +Gosport, with a tiny stone church perched like a sea-gull on its +highest rock. A mile southwest form Star Island lies White +Island, on which is a lighthouse. Mrs. Thaxter calls this the +most picturesque of the group. Perilous neighbors, O mariner! in +any but the serenest weather, these wrinkled, scarred, are +storm-smitten rocks, flanked by wicked sunken ledges that grow +white at the lip with rage when the great winds blow! + +How peaceful it all looks off there, on the smooth emerald sea! +and how softly the waves seem to break on yonder point where the +unfinished fort is! That is the ancient town of Newcastle, to +reach which from Portsmouth you have to cross three bridges with +the most enchanting scenery in New Hampshire lying on either +hand. At Newcastle the poet Stedman has built for his summerings +an enviable little stone chateau--a seashell into which I fancy +the sirens creep to warm themselves during the winter months. So +it is never without its singer. + +Opposite Newcastle is Kittery Point, a romantic spot, where Sir +William Pepperell, the first American baronet, once lived, and +where his tomb now is, in his orchard across the road, a few +hundred yards from the "goodly mansion" he built. The knight's +tomb and the old Pepperell House, which has been somewhat +curtailed of it fair proportions, are the objects of frequent +pilgrimages to Kittery Point. + +From the elevation (the roof of the Athenaeun) the navy yard, the +river with its bridges and islands, the clustered gables of +Kittery and Newcastle, the illimitable ocean beyond make a +picture worth climbing four or five flights of stairs to gaze +upon. Glancing down on the town nestled in the foliage, it seems +like a town dropped by chance in the midst of a forest. Among the +prominent objects which lift themselves above the tree tops are +the belfries of the various churches, the white façade of the +custom house, and the mansard and chimneys of the Rockingham, the +principal hotel. The pilgrim will be surprised to find in +Portsmouth one of the most completely appointed hotels in the +United States. The antiquarian may lament the demolition of the +old Bell Tavern, and think regretfully of the good cheer once +furnished the wayfarer by Master Stavers at the sign of the Earl +of Halifax, and by Master Stoodley at his inn on Daniel Street; +but the ordinary traveler will thank his stars, and confess that +his lines have fallen in pleasant places, when he finds himself +among the frescoes of the Rockingham. + +Obliquely opposite the doorstep of the Athenaeum--we are supposed +to be on terra firma again--stands the Old North Church, a +substantial wooden building, handsomely set on what is called The +Parade, a large open space formed by the junction of Congress, +Market, Daniel, and Pleasant streets. Here in days innocent of +water-works stood the town pump, which on more than one occasion +served as whipping-post. + +The churches of Portsmouth are more remarkable for their number +than their architecture. With the exception of the Stone Church +they are constructed of wood or plain brick in the simplest +style. St. John's Church is the only one likely to attract the +eye of a stranger. It is finely situated on the crest of Church +Hill, overlooking the ever-beautiful river. The present edifice +was built in 1808 on the site of what was known as Queen's +Chapel, erected in 1732, and destroyed by fire December 24, 1806. +The chapel was named in honor of Queen Caroline, who furnished +the books for the altar and pulpit, the plate, and two solid +mahogany chairs, which are still in use in St. John's. Within +the chancel rail is a curious font of porphyry, taken by Colonel +John Tufton Mason at the capture of Senegal from the French in +1758, and presented to the Episcopal Society on 1761. The +peculiarly sweet-toned bell which calls the parishioners of St. +John's together every Sabbath is, I believe, the same that +formerly hung in the belfry of the old Queen's Chapel. If so, the +bell has a history of its own. It was brought from Louisburg at +the time of the reduction of that place in 1745, and given to the +church by the officers of the New Hampshire troops. + +The Old South Meeting-House is not to be passed without mention. +It is among the most aged survivals of pre-revolutionary days. +Neither its architecture not its age, however, is its chief +warrant for our notice. The absurd number of windows in this +battered old structure is what strikes the passer-by. The church +was erected by subscription, and these closely set large windows +are due to Henry Sherburne, one of the wealthiest citizens of the +period, who agreed to pay for whatever glass was used. If the +building could have been composed entirely of glass it would have +been done by the thrifty parishioners. + +Portsmouth is rich in graveyards--they seem to be a New England +specialty--ancient and modern. Among the old burial-places the +one attached to St. John's Church is perhaps the most +interesting. It has not been permitted to fall into ruin, like +the old cemetery at the Point of Graves. When a headstone here +topples over it is kindly lifted up and set on its pins again, +and encouraged to do its duty. If it utterly refuses, and is not +shamming decrepitude, it has its face sponged, and is allowed to +rest and sun itself against the wall of the church with a row of +other exempts. The trees are kept pruned, the grass trimmed, and +here and there is a rosebush drooping with a weight of pensive +pale roses, as becomes a rosebush in a churchyard. + +The place has about it an indescribable soothing atmosphere of +respectability and comfort. Here rest the remains of the +principal and loftiest in rank in their generation of the +citizens of Portsmouth prior to the Revolution--stanch, +royalty-loving governors, counselors, and secretaries of the +Providence of New Hampshire, all snugly gathered under the +motherly wing of the Church of England. It is almost impossible +to walk anywhere without stepping on a governor. You grow haughty +in spirit after a while, and scorn to tread on anything less than +one of His Majesty's colonels or secretary under the Crown. Here +are the tombs of the Atkinsons, the Jaffreys, the Sherburnes, the +Sheafes, the Marshes, the Mannings, the Gardners, and others of +the quality. All around you underfoot are tumbled-in coffins, +with here and there a rusty sword atop, and faded escutcheons, +and crumbling armorial devices. You are moving in the very best +society. + +This, however, is not the earliest cemetery in Portsmouth. An +hour's walk from the Episcopal yard will bring you to the spot, +already mentioned, where the first house was built and the first +grave made, at Odiorne's Point. The exact site of the Manor is +not known, but it is supposed to be a few rods north of an old +well of still-flowing water, at which the Tomsons and the Hiltons +and their comrades slaked their thirst more than two hundred and +sixty years ago. Oriorne's Point is owned by Mr. Eben L. Odiorne, +a lineal descendant of the worthy who held the property in 1657. +Not far from the old spring is the resting-place of the earliest +pioneers. + +"This first cemetery of the white man in New Hampshire," writes +Mr. Brewster, (1. Mr. Charles W. Brewster, for nearly fifty years +the editor of the Portsmouth Journal, and the author of two +volumes of local sketches to which the writer of these pages here +acknowledges his indebtedness.) "occupies a space of perhaps one +hundred feet by ninety, and is well walled in. The western side +is now used as a burial-place for the family, but two thirds of +it is filled with perhaps forty graves, indicated by rough head +and foot stones. Who there rest no one now living knows. But the +same care is taken of their quiet beds as if they were of the +proprietor's own family. In 1631 Mason sent over about eighty +emigrants many of whom died in a few years, and here they were +probably buried. Here too, doubtless, rest the remains of +several of those whose names stand conspicuous in our early state +records." + +IV. +A STROLL ABOUT TOWN (continued) + +WHEN Washington visited Portsmouth in 1789 he was not much +impressed by the architecture of the little town that had stood +by him so stoutly in the struggle for independence. "There are +some good houses," he writes, in a diary kept that year during a +tour through Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, " +among which Colonel Langdon's may be esteemed the first; but in +general they are indifferent, and almost entirely of wood. On +wondering at this, as the country is full of stone and good clay +for bricks, I was told that on account of the fogs and damp they +deemed them wholesomer, and for that reason preferred wood +buildings." + +The house of Colonel Langdon, on Pleasant Street, is an excellent +sample of the solid and dignified abodes which our +great-grandsires had the sense to build. The art of their +construction seems to have been a lost art these fifty years. +Here Governor John Langdon resided from 1782 until the time of +his death in 1819--a period during which many an illustrious man +passed between those two white pillars that support the little +balcony over the front door; among the rest Louis Philippe and +his brothers, the Ducs de Montpensier and Beaujolais, and the +Marquis de Chastellus, a major-general in the French army, +serving under the Count de Rochambeau, whom he accompanied from +France to the States in 1780. The journal of the marquis contains +this reference to his host: "After dinner we went to drink tea +with Mr. Langdon. He is a handsome man, and of noble carriage; he +has been a member of Congress, and is now one of the first people +of the country; his house is elegant and well furnished, and the +apartments admirably well wainscoted" (this reads like Mr. Samuel +Pepys); "and he has a good manuscript chart of the harbor of +Portsmouth. Mrs. Langdon, his wife, is young, fair, and tolerably +handsome, but I conversed less with her than her husband, in +whose favor I was prejudiced from knowing that he had displayed +great courage and patriotism at the time of Burgoynes's +expedition." + +It was at the height of the French Revolution that the three sons +of the Due d'Orleans were entertained at the Langdon mansion. +Years afterward, when Louis Philippe was on the throne of France, +he inquired of a Portsmouth lady presented at his court if the +mansion of ce brave Gouverneur Langdon was still in existence. + +The house stands back a decorous distance from the street, under +the shadows of some gigantic oaks or elms, and presents an +imposing appearance as you approach it over the tessellated +marble walk. A hundred or two feet on either side of the gate, +and abutting on the street, is a small square building of brick, +one story in height--probably the porter's lodge and tool-house +of former days. There is a large fruit garden attached to the +house, which is in excellent condition, taking life comfortably, +and having the complacent air of a well-preserved beau of the +ancien regime. The Langdon mansion was owned and long occupied by +the late Rev. Dr. Burroughs, for a period of forty-seven years +the esteemed rector or St. John's Church. + +At the other end of Pleasant Street is another notable house, to +which we shall come by and by. Though President Washington found +Portsmouth but moderately attractive from an architectural point +of view, the visitor of to-day, if he have an antiquarian taste, +will find himself embarrassed by the number of localities and +buildings that appeal to his interest. Many of these buildings +were new and undoubtedly commonplace enough at the date of +Washington's visit; time and association have given them a +quaintness and a significance which now make their architecture a +question of secondary importance. + +One might spend a fortnight in Portsmouth exploring the nooks and +corners over which history has thrown a charm, and by no means +exhaust the list. I cannot do more than attempt to describe--and +that very briefly--a few of the typical old houses. On this same +Pleasant Street there are several which we must leave unnoted, +with their spacious halls and carven staircases, their antiquated +furniture and old silver tankards and choice Copleys. Numerous +examples of this artist's best manner are to be found here. To +live in Portsmouth without possessing a family portrait done by +Copley is like living in Boston without having an ancestor in the +old Granary Burying-Ground. You can exist, but you cannot be said +to flourish. To make this statement smooth, I will remark that +every one in Portsmouth has a Copley--or would have if a fair +division were made. + +In the better sections of the town the houses are kept in such +excellent repair, and have so smart an appearance with their +bright green blinds and freshly painted woodwork,that you are +likely to pass many an old landmark without suspecting it. +Whenever you see a house with a gambrel roof, you may be almost +positive that the house is at least a hundred years old, for the +gambrel roof went out of fashion after the Revolution. + +On the corner of Daniel and Chapel streets stands the oldest +brick building in Portsmouth--the Warner House. It was built in +1718 by Captain Archibald Macpheadris, a Scotchman, as his name +indicates, a wealthy merchant, and a member of the King's +Council. He was the chief projector of one of the earliest +iron-works established in America. Captain Macpheadris married +Sarah Wentworth, one of the sixteen children of Governor John +Wentworth, and died in 1729, leaving a daughter, Mary, whose +portrait, with that of her mother, painted by the ubiquitous +Copley, still hangs in the parlor of this house, which is not +known by the name of Captain Macpheadris, but by that of his +son-in-law, Hon. Jonathan Warner, a member of the King's Council +until the revolt of the colonies. "We well recollect Mr. Warner," +says Mr. Brewster, writing in 1858, "as one of the last of the +cocked hats. As in a vision of early childhood he is still before +us, in all the dignity of the aristocratic crown officers. That +broad-backed, long-skirted brown coat, those small-clothes and +silk stockings, those silver buckles, and that cane--we see them +still, although the life that filled and moved them ceased half a +century ago." + +The Warner House, a three-story building with gambrel roof and +luthern windows, is as fine and substantial an exponent of the +architecture of the period as you are likely to meet with +anywhere in New England. The eighteen-inch walls are of brick +brought from Holland, as were also many of the materials used in +the building--the hearth-stones, tiles, etc. Hewn-stone +underpinnings were seldom adopted in those days; the brick-work +rests directly upon the solid walls of the cellar. The interior +is rich in paneling and wood carvings about the mantel-shelves, +the deep-set windows, and along the cornices. The halls are wide +and long, after a by-gone fashion, with handsome staircases, set +at an easy angle, and not standing nearly upright, like those +ladders by which one reaches the upper chambers of a modern +house. The principal rooms are paneled to the ceiling, and have +large open chimney-places, adorned with the quaintest of Dutch +files. In one of the parlors of the Warner House there is a +choice store of family relics--china, silver-plate, costumes, old +clocks, and the like. There are some interesting paintings, +too--not by Copley this time. On a broad space each side of the +hall windows, at the head of the staircase, are pictures of two +Indians, life size. They are probably portraits of some of the +numerous chiefs with whom Captain Macphaedris had dealings, for +the captain was engaged in the fur as well as in the iron +business. Some enormous elk antlers, presented to Macpheadris by +his red friends, are hanging in the lower hall. + +By mere chance, thirty or forty years ago, some long-hidden +paintings on the walls of this lower hall were brought to light. +In repairing the front entry it became necessary to remove the +paper, of which four or five layers had accumulated. A one place, +where several coats had peeled off cleanly, a horse's hoof was +observed by a little girl of the family. The workman then began +removing the paper carefully; first the legs, then the body of a +horse with a rider were revealed, and the astonished paper-hanger +presently stood before a life-size representation of Governor +Phipps on his charger. The workman called other persons to his +assistance, and the remaining portions of the wall were speedily +stripped, laying bare four or five hundred square feet covered +with sketches in color, landscapes, views of unknown cities, +Biblical scenes, and modern figure-pieces, among which was a lady +at a spinning-wheel. Until then no person in the land of the +living had had any knowledge of those hidden pictures. An old +dame of eighty, who had visited at the house intimately ever +since her childhood, all but refused to believe her spectacles +(though Supply Ham made them(1.)) when brought face to face with +the frescoes. (1. In the early part of this century, Supply Ham +was the leading optician and watchmaker of Portsmouth.) + +The place is rich in bricabrac, but there is nothing more curious +that these incongruous printings, clearly the work of a practiced +hand. Even the outside of the old edifice is not without its +interest for an antiquarian. The lightening-rod which protects +the Warner House to-day was put up under Benjamin Franklin's own +supervision in 1762--such at all events is the credited +tradition--and is supposed to be the first rod put up in New +Hampshire. A lightening-rod "personally conducted" by Benjamin +Franklin ought to be an attractive object to even the least +susceptible electricity. The Warner House has another imperative +claim on the good-will of the visitor--it is not positively known +that George Washington ever slept there. + +The same assertion cannot be made on connection with the old +yellow barracks situated in the southwest corner of Court and +Atkinson streets. Famous old houses seem to have an intuitive +perception of the value of corner lots. If it is a possible +thing, they always set themselves down on the most desirable +spots. It is beyond a doubt that Washington slept not only one +night, but several nights, under this roof; for this was a +celebrated tavern previous and subsequent to the War of +Independence, and Washington made it his headquarters during his +visit to Portsmouth in 1797. When I was a boy I knew an old +lady--not one of the preposterous old ladies in the newspapers, +who have all their faculties unimpaired, but a real old lady, +whose ninety-nine years were beginning to tell on her--who had +known Washington very well. She was a girl in her teens when he +came to Portsmouth. The President was the staple of her +conversation during the last ten years of her life, which she +passed in the Stavers House, bedridden; and I think those ten +years were in a manner rendered short and pleasant to the old +gentlewoman by the memory of a compliment to her complexion which +Washington probably never paid to it. + +The old hotel--now a very unsavory tenement-house--was built by +John Tavers, innkeeper, in 1770, who planted in front of the door +a tall post, from which swung the sign of the Earl of Halifax. +Stavers had previously kept an inn of the same name on Queen, now +State Street. + +It is a square three-story building, shabby and dejected, giving +no hint of the really important historical associations that +cluster about it. At the time of its erection it was no doubt +considered a rather grand structure, for buildings of three +stories were rare in Portsmouth. Even in 1798, of the six hundred +and twenty-six dwelling houses of which the town boasted, +eighty-six were of one story, five hundred and twenty-four were +of two stories, and only sixteen of three stories. The Stavers +inn has the regulation gambrel roof, but is lacking in those wood +ornaments which are usually seen over the doors and windows of +the more prominent houses of that epoch. It was, however, the +hotel of the period. + +That same worn doorstep upon which Mr. O'Shaughnessy now +stretches himself of a summer afternoon, with a short clay pipe +stuck between his lips, and his hat crushed down on his brows, +revolving the sad vicissitude of things--that same doorstep has +been pressed by the feet of generals and marquises and grave +dignitaries upon whom depended the destiny of the +States--officers in gold lace and scarlet cloth, and high-heeled +belles in patch, powder, and paduasoy. At this door the Flying +Stage Coach, which crept from Boston, once a week set down its +load of passengers--and distinguished passengers they often were. +Most of the chief celebrities of the land, before and after the +secession of the colonies, were the guests of Master Stavers, at +the sign of the Earl of Halifax. + +While the storm was brewing between the colonies and the mother +country, it was in a back room of the tavern that the adherents +of the crown met to discuss matters. The landlord himself was a +amateur loyalist, and when the full cloud was on the eve of +breaking he had an early intimation of the coming tornado. The +Sons of Liberty had long watched with sullen eyes the secret +sessions of the Tories in Master Stavers's tavern, and one +morning the patriots quietly began cutting down the post which +supported the obnoxious emblem. Mr. Stavers, who seems not to +have been belligerent himself, but the cause of belligerence in +others, sent out his black slave with orders to stop proceedings. +The negro, who was armed with an axe, struck but a single blow +and disappeared. This blow fell upon the head of Mark Noble; it +did not kill him, but left him an insane man till the day of his +death, forty years afterward. A furious mob at once collected, +and made an attack on the tavern, bursting in the doors and +shattering every pane of glass in the windows. It was only +through the intervention of Captain John Langdon, a warm and +popular patriot, that the hotel was saved from destruction. + +In the mean while Master Stavers had escaped through the stables +in the rear. He fled to Stratham, where he was given refuge by +his friend William Pottle, a most appropriately named gentleman, +who had supplied the hotel with ale. The excitement blew over +after a time, and Stavers was induced to return to Portsmouth. He +was seized by the Committee of Safety, and lodged in Exeter jail, +when his loyalty, which had really never been very high, went +down below zero; he took the oath of allegiance, and shortly +after his released reopened the hotel. The honest face of William +Pitt appeared on the repentant sign, vice Earl of Halifax, +ignominiously removed, and Stavers was himself again. In the +state records is the following letter from poor Noble begging for +the enlargement of John Stavers:-- + +PORTSMOUTH, February 3, 1777. +To the Committee of Safety of the Town of Exeter: +GENTLEMEN,--As I am informed that Mr. Stivers is in confinement +in gaol upon my account contrary to my desire, for when I was at +Mr. Stivers a fast day I had no ill nor ment none against the +Gentleman but by bad luck or misfortune I have received a bad +Blow but it is so well that I hope to go out in a day or two. So +by this gentlemen of the Committee I hope you will release the +gentleman upon my account. I am yours to serve. +MARK NOBLE, +A friend to my country. + +From that period until I know not what year the Stavers House +prospered. It was at the sign of the William Pitt that the +officers of the French fleet boarded in 1782, and hither came the +Marquis Lafayette, all the way from Providence, to visit +them.John Hancock, Elbridge Gerry, Rutledge, and other signers of +the Declaration sojourned here at various times. It was here +General Knox--"that stalwart man, two officers in size and three +in lungs"--was wont to order his dinner, and in a stentorian +voice compliment Master Stavers on the excellence of his larder. +One day--it was at the time of the French Revolution--Louis +Philippe and his two brothers applied at the door of the William +Pitt for lodgings; but the tavern was full, and the future king, +with his companions, found comfortable quarters under the +hospitable roof of Governor Langdon in Pleasant Street. + +A record of the scenes, tragic and humorous, that have been +enacted within this old yellow house on the corner would fill a +volume. A vivid picture of the social and public life of the old +time might be painted by a skillful hand, using the two Earl of +Halifax inns for a background. The painter would find gay and +sombre pigments ready mixed for his palette, and a hundred +romantic incidents waiting for his canvas. One of these romantic +episodes has been turned to very pretty account by Longfellow in +the last series of The Tales of a Wayside Inn--the marriage of +Governor Benning Wentworth with Martha Hilton, a sort of second +edition of King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid. + +Martha Hilton was a poor girl, whose bare feet and ankles and +scant drapery when she was a child, and even after she was well +in the bloom of her teens, used to scandalize good Dame Stavers, +the innkeeper's wife. Standing one afternoon in the doorway of +the Earl of Halifax, (1. The first of the two hotels bearing that +title. Mr. Brewster commits a slight anachronism in locating the +scene of this incident in Jaffrey Street, now Court. The Stavers +House was not built until the year of Governor Benning +Wentworth's death. Mr. Longfellow, in the poem, does not fall +into the same error. + "One hundred years ago, and something more, + In Queen Street, Portsmouth, at her tavern door, + Neat as a pin, and blooming as a rose, + Stood Mistress Stavers in her furbelows.") + +Dame Stavers took occasion to remonstrate with the sleek-limbed +and lightly draped Martha, who chanced to be passing the tavern, +carrying a pail of water, in which, as the poet neatly says, "the +shifting sunbeam danced." + +"You Pat! you Pat!" cried Mrs. Stavers severely; "why do you go +looking so? You should be ashamed to be seen in the street." + +"Never mind how I look," says Miss Martha, with a merry laugh, +letting slip a saucy brown shoulder out of her dress; "I shall +ride in my chariot yet, ma'am." + +Fortunate prophecy! Martha went to live as servant with Governor +Wentworth at his mansion at Little Harbor, looking out to sea. +Seven years passed, and the "thin slip of a girl," who promised +to be no great beauty, had flowered into the loveliest of women, +with a lip like a cherry and a cheek like a tea-rose--a lady by +instinct, one of Nature's own ladies. The governor, a lonely +widower, and not too young, fell in love with his fair handmaid. +Without stating his purpose to any one, Governor Wentworth +invited a number of friends (among others the Rev. Arthur Brown) +to dine with him at Little Harbor on his birthday. After the +dinner, which was a very elaborate one, was at an end, and the +guests were discussing their tobacco-pipes, Martha Hilton glided +into the room, and stood blushing in front of the chimney-place. +She was exquisitely dressed, as you may conceive, and wore her +hair three stories high. The guests stared at each other, and +particularly at her, and wondered. Then the governor, rising from +his seat, + + "Played slightly with his ruffles, then looked down, + And said unto the Reverend Arthur Brown: + 'This is my birthday; it shall likewise be + My wedding-day; and you shall marry me!'" + +The rector was dumfounded, knowing the humble footing Martha had +held in the house, and could think of nothing cleverer to say +than, "To whom, your excellency?" which was not cleaver at all. + +"To this lady," replied the governor, taking Martha Hilton by the +hand. The Rev. Arthur Brown hesitated. "As the Chief Magistrate +of New Hampshire I command you to marry me!" cried the choleric +old governor. + +And so it was done; and the pretty kitchen-maid became Lady +Wentworth, and did ride in her own chariot. She would not have +been a woman if she had not taken an early opportunity to drive +by Staver's hotel! + +Lady Wentworth had a keen appreciation of the dignity of her new +station, and became a grand lady at once. A few days after her +marriage, dropping her ring on the floor, she languidly ordered +her servant to pick it up. The servant, who appears to have had a +fair sense of humor, grew suddenly near-sighted, and was unable +to the ring until Lady Wentworth stooped and placed her +ladyship's finger upon it. She turned out a faultless wife, +however; and Governor Wentworth at his death, which occurred in +1770, signified his approval of her by leaving her his entire +estate. She married again without changing name, accepting the +hand, and what there was of the heart, of Michael Wentworth, a +retired colonel of the British army, who came to this country in +1767. Colonel Wentworth (not connected, I think, with the +Portsmouth branch of Wentworths) seems to have been of a +convivial turn of mind. He shortly dissipated his wife's fortune +in high living, and died abruptly in New York--it was supposed by +his own hand. His last words--a quite unique contribution to the +literature of last words--were, "I have had my cake, and ate it," +which showed that the colonel within his own modest limitations +was a philosopher. + +The seat of Governor Wentworth at Little Harbor--a pleasant walk +from Market Square--is well worth a visit. Time and change have +laid their hands more lightly on this rambling old pile than on +any other of the old homes in Portsmouth. When you cross the +threshold of the door you step into the colonial period. Here the +Past seems to have halted courteously, waiting for you to catch +up with it. Inside and outside the Wentworth mansion remains +nearly as the old governor left it; and though it is no longer in +the possession of the family, the present owners, in their +willingness to gratify the decent curiosity of strangers, show a +hospitality which has always characterized the place. + +The house is an architectural freak. The main building--if it is +the main building--is generally two stories in height, with +irregular wings forming three sides of a square which opens in +the water. It is, in brief, a cluster of whimsical extensions +that look as if they had been built at different periods, which I +believe was not the case. The mansion was completed in 1750. It +originally contained fifty-two rooms; a portion of the structure +was removed about half a century ago, leaving forty-five +apartments. The chambers were connected in the oddest manner, by +unexpected steps leading up or down, and capricious little +passages that seem to have been the unhappy afterthoughts of the +architect. But it is a mansion on a grand scale, and with a grand +air. The cellar was arranged for the stabling of a troop of +thirty horse in times of danger. The council-chamber, where for +many years all questions of vital importance to the State were +discussed, is a spacious, high-studded room, finished in the +richest style of the last century. It is said that the +ornamentation of the huge mantel, carved with knife and chisel, +cost the workman a year's constant labor. At the entrance to the +council-chamber are still the racks for the twelve muskets of the +governor's guard--so long ago dismissed! + +Some valuable family portraits adorn the walls here, among which +is a fine painting-yes, by our friend Copley--of the lovely +Dorothy Quincy, who married John Hancock, and afterward became +Madam Scott. This lady was a niece of Dr. Holme's "Dorothy Q." +Opening on the council-chamber is a large billiard-room; the +billiard-table is gone, but an ancient spinnet, with the prim air +of an ancient maiden lady, and of a wheezy voice, is there; and +in one corner stands a claw-footed buffet, near which the +imaginative nostril may still detect a faint and tantalizing odor +of colonial punch. Opening also on the council-chamber are +several tiny apartments, empty and silent now, in which many a +close rubber has been played by illustrious hands. The stillness +and loneliness of the old house seem saddest here. The jeweled +fingers are dust, the merry laughs have turned themselves into +silent, sorrowful phantoms, stealing from chamber to chamber. It +is easy to believe in the traditional ghost that haunts the +place-- + + "A jolly place in times of old, + But something ails it now!" + +The mansion at Little Harbor is not the only historic house that +bears the name of Wentworth. On Pleasant Street, at the head of +Washington Street, stands the abode of another colonial worthy, +Governor John Wentworth, who held office from 1767 down to the +moment when the colonies dropped the British yoke as if it had +been the letter H. For the moment the good gentleman's occupation +was gone. He was a royalist of the most florid complexion. In +1775, a man named John Fenton, and ex-captain in the British +army, who had managed to offend the Sons of Liberty, was given +sanctuary in this house by the governor, who refused to deliver +the fugitive to the people. The mob planted a small cannon +(unloaded) in front of the doorstep and threatened to open fire +if Fenton were not forthcoming. He forth-with came. The family +vacated the premises via the back-yard, and the mob entered, +doing considerable damage. The broken marble chimney-place still +remains, mutely protesting against the uncalled-for violence. +Shortly after this event the governor made his way to England, +where his loyalty was rewarded first with a governorship and then +with a pension of L500. He was governor of Nova Scotia from 1792 +to 1800, and died in Halifax in 1820. This house is one of the +handsomest old dwellings in the town, and promises to outlive +many of its newest neighbors. The parlor has undergone no change +whatever since the populace rushed into it over a century ago. +The furniture and adornments occupy their original positions and +the plush on the walls has not been replaced by other hangings. +In the hall--deep enough for the traditional duel of baronial +romance--are full-length portraits of the several governors and +sundry of their kinsfolk. + +There is yet a third Wentworth house, also decorated with the +shade of a colonial governor--there were three Governors +Wentworth--but we shall pass it by, though out of no lack of +respect for that high official personage whose commission was +signed by Joseph Addison, Esq., Secretary of State under George +I. + +V. +OLD STRAWBERRY BANK + +THESE old houses have perhaps detained us too long. They are +merely the crumbling shells of things dead and gone, of persons +and manners and customs that have left no very distinct record of +themselves, excepting here and there in some sallow manuscript +which has luckily escaped the withering breath of fire, for the +old town, as I have remarked, has managed, from the earliest +moment of its existence, to burn itself up periodically. It is +only through the scattered memoranda of ancient town clerks, and +in the files of worm-eaten and forgotten newspapers, that we are +enabled to get glimpses of that life which was once so real and +positive and has now become a shadow. I am of course speaking of +the early days of the settlement on Strawberry Bank. They were +stormy and eventful days. The dense forest which surrounded the +clearing was alive with hostile red-men. The sturdy pilgrim went +to sleep with his firelock at his bedside, not knowing at what +moment he might be awakened by the glare of his burning hayricks +and the piercing war-whoops of the Womponoags. Year after year he +saw his harvest reaped by a sickle of flames, as he peered +through the loop-holes of the blockhouse, whither he had flown in +hot haste with goodwife and little ones. The blockhouse at +Strawberry Bank appears to have been on an extensive scale, with +stockades for the shelter of cattle. It held large supplies of +stores, and was amply furnished with arquebuses, sakers, and +murtherers, a species of naval ordnance which probably did not +belie its name. It also boasted, we are told, of two drums for +training-days, and no fewer than fifteen hautboys and soft-voiced +recorders--all which suggests a mediaeval castle, or a grim +fortress in the time of Queen Elizabeth. To the younger members +of the community glass or crockery ware was an unknown substance; +to the elders it was a memory. An iron pot was the +pot-of-all-work, and their table utensils were of beaten pewter. +The diet was also of the simplest--pea-porridge and corn-cake, +with a mug of ale or a flagon of Spanish wine, when they could +get it. + +John Mason, who never resided in this country, but delegated the +management of his plantation at Ricataqua and Newichewannock to +stewards, died before realizing any appreciable return from his +enterprise. He spared no endeavor meanwhile to further its +prosperity. In 1632, three years before his death, Mason sent +over from Denmark a number of neat cattle, "of a large breed and +yellow colour." The herd thrived, and it is said that some of the +stock is still extant on farms in the vicinity of Portsmouth. +Those old first families had a kind of staying quality! + +In May, 1653, the inhabitants of the settlement petitioned the +General Court at Boston to grant them a definite township--for +the boundaries were doubtful--and the right to give it a proper +name. "Whereas the name of this plantation att present being +Strabery Banke, accidentlly soe called, by reason of a banke +where strawberries was found in this place, now we humbly desire +to have it called Portsmouth, being a name most suitable for this +place, it being the river's mouth, and good as any in this land, +and your petit'rs shall humbly pray," etc. + +Throughout that formative period, and during the intermittent +French wars, Portsmouth and the outlying districts were the +scenes of bloody Indian massacres. No portion of the New England +colony suffered more. Famine, fire, pestilence, and war, each in +turn, and sometimes in conjunction, beleaguered the little +stronghold, and threatened to wipe it out. But that was not to +be. + +The settlement flourished and increased in spite of all, and as +soon as it had leisure to draw breath, it bethought itself of the +school-house and the jail--two incontestable signs of budding +civilization. At a town meeting in 1662, it was ordered "that a +cage be made or some other meanes invented by the selectmen to +punish such as sleepe or take tobacco on the Lord's day out of +the meetinge in the time of publique service." This salutary +measure was not, for some reason, carried into effect until nine +years later, when Captain John Pickering, who seems to have had +as many professions as Michelangelo, undertook to construct a +cage twelve feet square and seven feet high, with a pillory on +top; "the said Pickering to make a good strong dore and make a +substantiale payre of stocks and places the same in said cage." A +spot conveniently near the west end on the meeting-house was +selected as the site for this ingenious device. It is more than +probable that "the said Pickering" indirectly furnished an +occasional bird for his cage, for in 1672 we find him and one +Edward Westwere authorized by the selectmen to "keepe houses of +publique entertainment." He was a versatile individual, this John +Pickering--soldier, miller, moderator, carpenter, lawyer, and +innkeeper. Michelangelo need not blush to be bracketed with him. +In the course of a long and variegated career he never failed to +act according to his lights, which he always kept well trimmed. +That Captain Pickering subsequently became the grandfather, at +several removes, of the present writer was no fault of the +Captain's, and should not be laid up against him. + +Down to 1696, the education of the young appears to have been a +rather desultory and tentative matter; "the young idea" seems to +have been allowed to "shoot" at whatever it wanted to; but in +that year it was voted "that care be taken that an abell +scollmaster [skullmaster!] be provided for the towen as the law +directs, not visious in conversation." That was perhaps demanding +too much; for it was not until "May ye7" of the following year +that the selectmen were fortunate enough to put their finger on +this rara avis in the person of Mr. Tho. Phippes, who agreed "to +be scollmaster for the the towen this yr insewing for teaching +the inhabitants children in such manner as other schollmasters +yously doe throughout the countrie: for his soe doinge we the +sellectt men in behalfe of ower towen doe ingage to pay him by +way of rate twenty pounds and yt he shall and may reserve from +every father or master that sends theyer children to school this +yeare after ye rate of 16s. for readers, writers and cypherers +20s., Lattiners 24s." + +Modern advocates of phonetic spelling need not plume themselves +on their originality. The town clerk who wrote that delicious +"yously doe" settles the question. It is to be hoped that Mr. +Tho. Phippes was not only "not visious in conversation," but was +more conventional in his orthography. He evidently gave +satisfaction, and clearly exerted an influence on the town clerk, +Mr. Samuel Keais, who ever after shows a marked improvement in +his own methods. In 1704 the town empowered the selectmen "to +call and settell a gramer scoll according to ye best of yower +judgement and for ye advantag [Keais is obviously dead now] of ye +youth of ower town to learn them to read from ye primer, to +wright and sypher and to learne ym the tongues and good-manners." +On this occasion it was Mr. William Allen, of Salisbury, who +engaged "dilligently to attend ye school for ye present yeare, +and tech all childern yt can read in thaire psallters and +upward." From such humble beginnings were evolved some of the +best public high schools at present in New England. + +Portsmouth did not escape the witchcraft delusion, though I +believe that no hangings took place within the boundaries of the +township. Dwellers by the sea are generally superstitious; +sailors always are. There is something in the illimitable expanse +of sky and water that dilates the imagination. The folk who live +along the coast live on the edge of a perpetual mystery; only a +strip of yellow sand or gray rock separates them from the +unknown; they hear strange voices in the winds at midnight, they +are haunted by the spectres of the mirage. Their minds quickly +take the impress of uncanny things. The witches therefore found a +sympathetic atmosphere in Newscastle, at the mouth of the +Piscataqua--that slender paw of land which reaches out into the +ocean and terminates in a spread of sharp, flat rocks, lie the +claws of an amorous cat. What happened to the good folk of that +picturesque little fishing-hamlet is worth retelling in brief. In +order properly to retell it, a contemporary witness shall be +called upon to testify in the case of the Stone-Throwing Devils +of Newcastle. It is the Rev. Cotton Mather who addresses you-- + "On June 11, 1682, showers of stones were thrown by an invisible +hand upon the house of George Walton at Portsmouth [Newcastle was +then a part of the town]. Whereupon the people going out found +the gate wrung off the hinges, and stones flying and falling +thick about them, and striking of them seemingly with a great +force, but really affecting 'em no more than if a soft touch were +given them. The glass windows were broken by the stones that came +not from without, but from within; and other instruments were in +a like manner hurled about. Nine of the stones they took up, +whereof some were as hot as if they came out of the fire; and +marking them they laid them on the table; but in a little while +they found some of them again flying about. The spit was carried +up the chimney, and coming down with the point forward, stuck in +the back log, from whence one of the company removing it, it was +by an invisible hand thrown out at the window. This disturbance +continued from day to day; and sometimes a dismal hollow +whistling would be heard, and sometimes the trotting and snorting +of a horse, but nothing to be seen. The man went up the Great Bay +in a boat on to a farm which he had there; but the stones found +him out, and carrying from the house to the boat a stirrup iron +the iron came jingling after him through the woods as far as his +house; and at last went away and was heard no more. The anchor +leaped overboard several times and stopt the boat. A cheese was +taken out of the press, and crumbled all over the floor; a piece +of iron stuck into the wall, and a kettle hung thereon. Several +cocks of hay, mow'd near the house, were taken up and hung upon +the trees, and others made into small whisps, and scattered about +the house. A man was much hurt by some of the stones. He was a +Quaker, and suspected that a woman, who charged him with +injustice in detaining some land from here, did, by witchcraft, +occasion these preternatural occurrences. However, at last they +came to an end." + +Now I have done with thee, O credulous and sour Cotton Mather! so +get thee back again to thy tomb in the old burying-ground on +Copp's Hill, where, unless thy nature is radically changed, thou +makest it uncomfortable for those about thee. + +Nearly a hundred years afterwards, Portsmouth had another +witch--a tangible witch in this instance--one Molly Bridget, who +cast her malign spell on the eleemosynary pigs at the Almshouse, +where she chanced to reside at the moment. The pigs were +manifestly bewitched, and Mr. Clement March, the superintendent +of the institution, saw only one remedy at hand, and that was to +cut off and burn the tips of their tales. But when the tips were +cut off they disappeared, and it was in consequence quite +impracticable to burn them. Mr. March, who was a gentleman of +expedients, ordered that all the chips and underbrush in the yard +should be made into heaps and consumed, hoping thus to catch and +do away with the mysterious and provoking extremities. The fires +were no sooner lighted than Molly Bridget rushed from room to +room in a state of frenzy. With the dying flames her own vitality +subsided, and she was dead before the ash-piles were cool. I say +it seriously when I say that these are facts of which there is +authentic proof. + +If the woman had recovered, she would have fared badly, even at +that late period, had she been in Salem; but the death-penalty +has never been hastily inflicted in Portsmouth. The first +execution that ever took place there was that of Sarah Simpson +and Penelope Kenny, for the murder of an infant in 1739. The +sheriff was Thomas Packer, the same official who, twenty-nine +years later, won unenviable notoriety at the hanging of Ruth +Blay. The circumstances are set forth by the late Albert Laighton +in a spirited ballad, which is too long to quote in full. The +following stanzas, however, give the pith of the story-- + + "And a voice among them shouted, + "Pause before the deed is done; + We have asked reprieve and pardon + For the poor misguided one.' + + "But these words of Sheriff Packer + Rang above the swelling noise: + 'Must I wait and lose my dinner? + Draw away the cart, my boys!' + + "Nearer came the sound and louder, + Till a steed with panting breath, + From its sides the white foam dripping, + Halted at the scene of death; + + "And a messenger alighted, + Crying to the crowd, 'Make way! + This I bear to Sheriff Packer; + 'Tis a pardon for Ruth Blay!'" + +But of course he arrived too late--the Law led Mercy about twenty +minutes. The crowd dispersed, horror-stricken; but it assembled +again that night before the sheriff's domicile and expressed its +indignation in groans. His effigy, hanged on a miniature gallows, +was afterwards paraded through the streets. + + "Be the name of Thomas Packer + A reproach forevermore!" + +Laighton's ballad reminds me of that Portsmouth has been prolific +in poets, one of whom, at least, has left a mouthful of perennial +rhyme for orators--Jonathan Sewell with his + + "No pent-up Utica contracts your powers, + But the whole boundless continent is yours." + +I have somewhere seen a volume with the alliterative title of +"Poets of Portsmouth," in which are embalmed no fewer than sixty +immortals! + +But to drop into prose again, and have done with this iliad of +odds and ends. Portsmouth has the honor, I believe, of +establishing the first recorded pauper workhouse--though not in +connection with her poets, as might naturally be supposed. The +building was completed and tenanted in 1716. Seven years later, +an act was passed in England authorizing the establishment of +parish workhouses there. The first and only keeper of the +Portsmouth almshouse up to 1750 was a woman--Rebecca Austin. + +Speaking of first things, we are told by Mr. Nathaniel Adams, in +his "Annals of Portsmouth," that on the 20th of April, 1761, Mr. +John Stavers began running a stage from that town to Boston. The +carriage was a two-horse curricle, wide enough to accommodate +three passengers. The fare was thirteen shillings and sixpence +sterling per head. The curricle was presently superseded by a +series of fat yellow coaches, one of which--nearly a century +later, and long after that pleasant mode of travel had fallen +obsolete--was the cause of much mental tribulation (1. Some idle +reader here and there may possibly recall the burning of the old +stage-coach in The Story of a Bad Boy.) to the writer of this +chronicle. + +The mail and the newspaper are closely associated factors in +civilization, so I mention them together, though in this case the +newspaper antedated the mail-coach about five years. On October +7, 1756, the first number of "The New Hampshire Gazette and +Historical Chronicle" was issued in Portsmouth from the press of +Daniel Fowle, who in the previous July had removed from Boston, +where he had undergone a brief but uncongenial imprisonment on +suspicion of having printed a pamphlet entitled "The Monster of +Monsters, by Tom Thumb, Esq.," an essay that contained some +uncomplimentary reflections on several official personages.The +"Gazette" was the pioneer journal of the province. It was +followed at the close of the same year by "The Mercury and Weekly +Advertiser," published by a former apprentice of Fowle, a certain +Thomas Furber, backed by a number of restless Whigs, who +considered the "Gazette" not sufficiently outspoken in the cause +of liberty. Mr. Fowle, however, contrived to hold his own until +the day of his death. Fowle had for pressman a faithful negro +named Primus, a full-blooded African. Whether Primus was a +freeman or a slave I am unable to state. He lived to a great age, +and was a prominent figure among the people of his own color. + +Negro slavery was common in New England at that period. In 1767, +Portsmouth numbered in its population a hundred and eighty-eight +slaves, male and female. Their bondage, happily, was nearly +always of a light sort, if any bondage can be light. They were +allowed to have a kind of government of their own; indeed, were +encouraged to do so, and no unreasonable restrictions were placed +on their social enjoyment. They annually elected a king and +counselors, and celebrated the event with a procession. The +aristocratic feeling was highly developed in them. The rank of +the master was the slave's rank. There was a great deal of ebony +standing around on its dignity in those days. For example, +Governor Langdon's manservant, Cyrus Bruce, was a person who +insisted on his distinction, and it was recognized. His massive +gold chain and seals, his cherry-colored small-clothes and silk +stockings, his ruffles and silver shoe-buckles, were a tradition +long after Cyrus himself was pulverized. + +In cases of minor misdemeanor among them, the negros themselves +were permitted to be judge and jury. Their administration of +justice was often characteristically naive. Mr. Brewster gives an +amusing sketch of one of their sessions. King Nero is on the +bench, and one Cato--we are nothing if not classical--is the +prosecuting attorney. The name of the prisoner and the nature of +his offense are not disclosed to posterity. In the midst of the +proceedings the hour of noon is clanged from the neighboring +belfry of the Old North Church. "The evidence was not gone +through with, but the servants could stay no longer from their +home duties. They all wanted to see the whipping, but could not +conveniently be present again after dinner. Cato ventured to +address the King: Please you Honor, best let the fellow have his +whipping now, and finish the trial after dinner. The request +seemed to be the general wish of the company: so Nero ordered ten +lashes, for justice so far as the trial went, and ten more at the +close of the trial, should he be found guilty!" + +Slavery in New Hampshire was never legally abolished, unless +Abraham Lincoln did it. The State itself has not ever pronounced +any emancipation edict. During the Revolutionary War the slaves +were generally emancipated by their masters. That many of the +negros, who had grown gray in service, refused their freedom, and +elected to spend the rest of their lives as pensioners in the +families of their late owners, is a circumstance that illustrates +the kindly ties which held between slave and master in the old +colonial days in New England. + +The institution was accidental and superficial, and never had any +real root in the Granite State. If the Puritans could have found +in the Scriptures any direct sanction of slavery, perhaps it +would have continued awhile longer, for the Puritan carried his +religion into the business affairs of life; he was not even able +to keep it out of his bills of lading. I cannot close this +rambling chapter more appropriately and solemnly than by quoting +from one of those same pious bills of landing. It is dated June, +1726, and reads: "Shipped by the grace of God in good order and +well conditioned, by Wm. Pepperills on there own acct. and +risque, in and upon the good Briga called the William, whereof is +master under God for this present voyage George King, now riding +at anchor in the river Piscataqua and by God's grace bound to +Barbadoes." Here follows a catalogue of the miscellaneous cargo, +rounded off with: "And so God send the good Briga to her desired +port in safety. Amen." + +VI. +SOME OLD PORTSMOUTH PROFILES + +I DOUBT if any New England town ever turned out so many eccentric +characters as Portsmouth. From 1640 down to about 1848 there must +have been something in the air of the place that generated +eccentricity. In another chapter I shall explain why the +conditions have not been favorable to the development of +individual singularity during the latter half of the present +century. It is easier to do that than fully to account for the +numerous queer human types which have existed from time to time +previous to that period. + +In recently turning over the pages of Mr. Brewster's entertaining +collection of Portsmouth sketches, I have been struck by the +number and variety of the odd men and women who appear +incidentally on the scene. They are, in the author's intention, +secondary figures in the background of his landscape, but they +stand very much in the foreground of one's memory after the book +is laid aside. One finds one's self thinking quite as often of +that squalid old hut-dweller up by Sagamore Creek as of General +Washington, who visited the town in 1789. Conservatism and +respectability have their values, certainly; but has not the +unconventional its values also? If we render unto that old +hut-dweller the things which are that old hut-dweller's, we must +concede him his picturesqueness. He was dirty, and he was not +respectable; but he is picturesque--now that he is dead. + +If the reader has five or ten minutes to waste, I invite him to +glance at a few old profiles of persons who, however substantial +they once were, are now leading a life of mere outlines. I would +like to give them a less faded expression, but the past is very +chary of yielding up anything more than its shadows. + +The first who presents himself is the ruminative hermit already +mentioned--a species of uninspired Thoreau. His name was Benjamin +Lear. So far as his craziness went, he might have been a lineal +descendant of that ancient king of Britain who figures on +Shakespeare's page. Family dissensions made a recluse of King +Lear; but in the case of Benjamin there were no mitigating +circumstances. He had no family to trouble him, and his realm +remained undivided. He owned an excellent farm on the south side +of Sagamore Creek, a little to the west of the bridge, and might +have lived at ease, if personal comfort had not been distasteful +to him. Personal comfort entered into no part of Lear's. To be +alone filled the little pint-measure of his desire. He ensconced +himself in a wretched shanty, and barred the door, figuratively, +against all the world. Wealth--what would have been wealth to +him--lay within his reach, but he thrust it aside; he disdained +luxury as he disdained idleness, and made no compromise with +convention. When a man cuts himself absolutely adrift from +custom, what an astonishingly light spar floats him! How few his +wants are, after all! Lear was of a cheerful disposition, and +seems to have been wholly inoffensive--at a distance. He +fabricated his own clothes, and subsisted chiefly on milk and +potatoes, the product of his realm. He needed nothing but an +island to be a Robinson Crusoe. At rare intervals he flitted like +a frost-bitten apparition through the main street of Portsmouth, +which he always designated as "the Bank," a name that had become +obsolete fifty or a hundred years before. Thus, for nearly a +quarter of a century, Benjamin Lear stood aloof from human +intercourse. In his old age some of the neighbors offered him +shelter during the tempestuous winter months; but he would have +none of it--he defied wind and weather. There he lay in his +dilapidated hovel in his last illness, refusing to allow any one +to remain with him overnight--and the mercury four degrees below +zero. Lear was born in 1720, and vegetated eighty-two years. + +I take it that Timothy Winn, of whom we have only a glimpse, +would like to have more, was a person better worth knowing. His +name reads like the title of some old-fashioned novel--"Timothy +Winn, or the Memoirs of a Bashful Gentleman." He came to +Portsmouth from Woburn at the close of the last century, and set +up in the old museum-building on Mulberry Street what was called +"a piece goods store." He was the third Timothy in his monotonous +family, and in order to differentiate himself he inscribed on the +sign over his shop door, "Timothy Winn, 3d," and was ever after +called "Three-Penny Winn." That he enjoyed the pleasantry, and +clung to his sign, goes to show that he was a person who would +ripen on further acquaintance, were further acquaintance now +practicable. His next-door neighbor, Mr. Leonard Serat, who kept +a modest tailoring establishment, also tantalizes us a little +with a dim intimation of originality. He plainly was without +literary prejudices, for on one face of his swinging sign was +painted the word Taylor, and on the other Tailor. This may have +been a delicate concession to that part of the community--the +greater part, probably--which would have spelled it with a y. + +The building in which Messrs. Winn and Serat had their shops was +the property of Nicholas Rousselet, a French gentleman of +Demerara, the story of whose unconventional courtship of Miss +Catherine Moffatt is pretty enough to bear retelling, and +entitles him to a place in our limited collection of etchings. M. +Rousselet had doubtless already mad excursions into the pays de +tendre, and given Miss Catherine previous notice of the state of +his heart, but it was not until one day during the hour of +service at the Episcopal church that he brought matters to a +crisis by handing to Miss Moffatt a small Bible, on the fly-leaf +of which he had penciled the fifth verse of the Second Epistle of +John-- + + "And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I + wrote a new commandment unto thee, but that + which we had from the beginning, that we love one another." + +This was not to be resisted, at lease not by Miss Catherine, who +demurely handed the volume back to him with a page turned down at +the sixteenth verse in the first chapter of Ruth-- + + "Whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I +will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God: +where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the +Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and +me." + +Aside from this quaint touch of romance, what attaches me to the +happy pair--for the marriage was a fortunate one--is the fact +that the Rousselets made their home in the old Atkinson mansion, +which stood directly opposite my grandfather's house on Court +Street and was torn down in my childhood, to my great +consternation. The building had been unoccupied for a quarter of +a century, and was fast falling into decay with all its rich +wood-carvings at cornice and lintel; but was it not full of +ghosts, and if the old barracks were demolished, would not these +ghosts, or some of them at least, take refuge in my grandfather's +house just across the way? Where else could they bestow +themselves so conveniently? While the ancient mansion was in +process of destruction, I used to peep round the corner of our +barn at the workmen, and watch the indignant phantoms go soaring +upward in spiral clouds of colonial dust. + +A lady differing in many ways from Catherine Moffatt was the Mary +Atkinson (once an inmate of this same manor house) who fell to +the lot of the Rev. William Shurtleff, pastor of the South Church +between 1733 and 1747. From the worldly standpoint, it was a fine +match for the Newcastle clergyman--beauty, of the eagle-beaked +kind; wealth, her share of the family plate; high birth, a sister +to the Hon. Theodore Atkinson. But if the exemplary man had cast +his eyes lower, peradventure he had found more happiness, though +ill-bred persons without family plate are not necessarily +amiable. Like Socrates, this long-suffering divine had always +with him an object on which to cultivate heavenly patience, and +patience, says the Eastern proverb, is the key to content. The +spirit of Xantippe seems to have taken possession of Mrs. +Shurtleff immediately after her marriage. The freakish disrespect +with which she used her meek consort was a heavy cross to bear at +a period in New England when clerical dignity was at its highest +sensitive point. Her devices for torturing the poor gentleman +were inexhaustible. Now she lets his Sabbath ruffs go unstarched; +now she scandalizes him by some unseemly and frivolous color in +her attire; now she leaves him to cook his own dinner at the +kitchen coals; and now she locks him in his study, whither he has +retired for a moment or two of prayer, previous to setting forth +to perform the morning service. The congregation has assembled; +the sexton has tolled the bell twice as long as is custom, and is +beginning a third carillon, full of wonder that his reverence +does not appear; and there sits Mistress Shurtleff in the family +pew with a face as complacent as that of the cat that has eaten +the canary. Presently the deacons appeal to her for information +touching the good doctor. Mistress Shurtleff sweetly tells them +that the good doctor was in his study when she left home. There +he is found, indeed, and released from durance, begging the +deacons to keep his mortification secret, to "give it an +understanding, but no tongue." Such was the discipline undergone +by the worthy Dr. Shurtleff on his earthly pilgrimage. A portrait +of this patient man--now a saint somewhere--hangs in the rooms of +the New England Historical and Genealogical Society in Boston. +There he can be seen in surplice and bands, with his lamblike, +apostolic face looking down upon the heavy antiquarian labors of +his busy descendants. + +Whether or not a man is to be classed as eccentric who vanishes +without rhyme or reason on his wedding-night is a query left to +the reader's decision. We seem to have struck a matrimonial vein, +and must work it out. In 1768, Mr. James McDonough was one of the +wealthiest men in Portsmouth, and the fortunate suitor for the +hand of a daughter of Jacob Sheafe, a town magnate. The home of +the bride was decked and lighted for the nuptials, the +banquet-table was spread, and the guests were gathered. The +minister in his robe stood by the carven mantelpiece, book in +hand, and waited. Then followed an awkward interval--there was a +hitch somewhere. A strange silence fell upon the laughing groups; +the air grew tense with expectation; in the pantry, Amos Boggs, +the butler, in his agitation split a bottle of port over his new +cinnamon-colored small-clothes. Then a whisper--a whisper +suppressed these twenty minutes--ran through the +apartments,--"The bridegroom has not come!". He never came. The +mystery of that night remains a mystery after the lapse of a +century and a quarter. + +What had become of James McDonough? The assassination of so +notable a person in a community where every strange face was +challenged, where every man's antecedents were known, could not +have been accomplished without leaving some slight traces. Not a +shadow of foul play was discovered. That McDonough had been +murdered or had committed suicide were theories accepted at first +by a few, and then by no one. On the other hand, he was in love +with his fiancee, he had wealth, power, position--why had he +fled? He was seen a moment on the public street, and then never +seen again. It was as if he turned into air. Meanwhile the +bewilderment of the bride was dramatically painful. If McDonough +had been waylaid and killed, she could mourn for him. If he had +deserted her, she could wrap herself in her pride. But neither +course lay open to her, then or afterward. In one of the Twice +Told Tales Hawthorne deals with a man named Wakefield, who +disappears with like suddenness, and lives unrecognized for +twenty years in a street not far from his abandoned hearthside. +Such expunging of one's self was not possible in Portsmouth; but +I never think of McDonough without recalling Wakefield. I have an +inexplicable conviction that for many a year James McDonough, in +some snug ambush, studied and analyzed the effect of his own +startling disappearance. + +Some time in the year 1758, there dawned upon Portsmouth a +personage bearing the ponderous title of King's Attorney, and +carrying much gold lace about him. This gilded gentleman was Mr. +Wyseman Clagett, of Bristol, England, where his father dwelt on +the manor of Broad Oaks, in a mansion with twelve chimneys, and +kept a coach and eight or ten servants. Up to the moment of his +advent in the colonies, Mr. Wyseman Clagett had evidently not +been able to keep anything but himself. His wealth consisted of +his personal decorations, the golden frogs on his lapels, and the +tinsel at his throat; other charms he had none. Yet with these he +contrived to dazzle the eyes of Lettice Mitchel, one of the young +beauties of the province, and to cause her to forget that she had +plighted troth with a Mr. Warner, then in Europe, and destined to +return home with a disturbed heart. Mr. Clagett was a man of +violent temper and ingenious vindictiveness, and proved more than +a sufficient punishment for Lettice's infidelity. The trifling +fact that Warner was dead--he died shortly after his return--did +not interfere with the course of Mr. Clagett's jealousy; he was +haunted by the suspicion that Lettice regretted her first love, +having left nothing undone to make her do so. "This is to pay +Warner's debts," remarked Mr. Clagett, as he twitched off the +table-cloth and wrecked the tea-things. + +In his official capacity he was a relentless prosecutor. The noun +Clagett speedily turned itself into a verb; "to Clagett" meant +"to prosecute;" they were convertible terms. In spite of his +industrious severity, and his royal emoluments, if such existed, +the exchequer of the King's Attorney showed a perpetual deficit. +The stratagems to which he resorted from time to time in order to +raise unimportant sums reminded one of certain scenes in +Moliere's comedies. + +Mr. Clagett had for his ame damnee a constable of the town. They +were made for each other; they were two flowers with but a single +stem, and this was their method of procedure: Mr. Clagett +dispatched one of his servants to pick a quarrel with some +countryman on the street, or some sailor drinking at an inn: the +constable arrested the sailor or the countryman, as the case +might be, and hauled the culprit before Mr. Clagett; Mr. Clagett +read the culprit a moral lesson, and fined him five dollars and +costs. The plunder was then divided between the conspirators--two +hearts that beat as one--Clagett, of course, getting the lion's +share. Justice was never administered in a simpler manner in any +country. This eminent legal light was extinguished in 1784, and +the wick laid away in the little churchyard in Litchfield, New +Hampshire. It is a satisfaction, even after such a lapse of time, +to know that Lettice survived the King's Attorney sufficiently +long to be very happy with somebody else. Lettice Mitchel was +scarcely eighteen when she married Wyseman Clagett. + +About eighty years ago, a witless fellow named Tilton seems to +have been a familiar figure on the streets of the old town. Mr. +Brewster speaks of him as "the well-known idiot, Johnny Tilton," +as if one should say, "the well-known statesman, Daniel Webster." +It is curious to observe how any sort of individuality gets +magnified in this parochial atmosphere, where everything lacks +perspective, and nothing is trivial. Johnny Tilton does not +appear to have had much individuality to start with; it was only +after his head was cracked that he showed any shrewdness +whatever. That happened early in his unobtrusive boyhood. He had +frequently watched the hens flying out of the loft window in his +father's stable, which stood in the rear of the Old Bell Tavern. +It occurred to Johnny, one day, that though he might not be as +bright as other lads, he certainly was in no respect inferior to +a hen. So he placed himself on the sill of the window in the +loft, flapped his arms, and took flight. The New England Icarus +alighted head downward, lay insensible for a while, and was +henceforth looked upon as a mortal who had lost his wits. Yet at +odd moments his cloudiness was illumined by a gleam of +intelligence such as had not been detected in him previous to his +mischance. As Polonius said of Hamlet--another unstrung +mortal--Tilton's replies had "a happiness that often madness hits +on, which reason and sanity could not so prosperously be +delivered of." One morning, he appeared at the flour-mill with a +sack of corn to be ground for the almshouse, and was asked what +he knew. "Some things I know," replied poor Tilton, "and some +things I don't know. I know the miller's hogs grow fat, but I +don't know whose corn they fat on." To borrow another word from +Polonius, though this be madness, yet there was method in it. +Tilton finally brought up in the almshouse, where he was allowed +the liberty of roaming at will through the town. He loved the +water-side as if he had had all his senses. Often he was seen to +stand for hours with a sunny, torpid smile on his lips, gazing +out upon the river where its azure ruffles itself into silver +against the islands. He always wore stuck in his hat a few hen's +feathers, perhaps with some vague idea of still associating +himself with the birds of the air, if hens can come into that +category. + +George Jaffrey, third of the name, was a character of another +complexion, a gentleman born, a graduate of Harvard in 1730, and +one of His Majesty's Council in 1766--a man with the blood of the +lion and the unicorn in every vein. He remained to the bitter +end, and beyond, a devout royalist, prizing his shoe-buckles, not +because they were of chased silver, but because they bore the +tower mark and crown stamp. He stoutly objected to oral prayer, +on the ground that it gave rogues and hypocrites an opportunity +to impose on honest folk. He was punctilious in his attendance at +church, and unfailing in his responses, though not of a +particularly devotional temperament. On one occasion, at least, +his sincerity is not to be questioned. He had been deeply +irritated by some encroachments on the boundaries of certain +estates, and had gone to church that forenoon with his mind full +of the matter. When the minister in the course of reading the +service came to the apostrophe, "Cursed be he who removeth his +neighbor's landmark," Mr. Jeffrey's feelings were too many for +him, and he cried out "Amen!" in a tone of voice that brought +smiles to the adjoining pews. + +Mr. Jaffrey's last will and testament was a whimsical document, +in spite of the Hon. Jeremiah Mason, who drew up the paper. It +had originally been Mr. Jaffrey's plan to leave his possessions +to his beloved friend, Colonel Joshua Wentworth; but the colonel +by some maladroitness managed to turn the current of Pactolus in +another direction. The vast property was bequeathed to George +Jaffrey Jeffries, the testator's grandnephew, on condition that +the heir, then a lad of thirteen, should drop the name of +Jeffries, reside permanently in Portsmouth, and adopt no +profession excepting that of gentleman. There is an immense +amount of Portsmouth as well as George Jaffrey in that final +clause. George the fourth handsomely complied with the +requirements, and dying at the age of sixty-six, without issue or +assets, was the last of that particular line of Georges. I say +that he handsomely complied with the requirements of the will; +but my statement appears to be subject to qualification, for on +the day of his obsequies it was remarked of him by a caustic +contemporary: "Well, yes, Mr. Jaffrey was a gentleman by +profession, but not eminent in his profession." + +This modest exhibition of profiles, in which I have attempted to +preserve no chronological sequence, ends with the silhouette of +Dr. Joseph Moses. + +If Boston in the colonial days had her Mather Byles, Portsmouth +had her Dr. Joseph Moses. In their quality as humorists, the +outlines of both these gentlemen have become rather broken and +indistinct. "A jest's prosperity lies in the ear that hears it." +Decanted wit inevitably loses its bouquet. A clever repartee +belongs to the precious moment in which it is broached, and is of +a vintage that does not usually bear transportation. Dr. +Moses--he received his diploma not from the College of +Physicians, but from the circumstance of his having once drugged +his private demijohn of rum, and so nailed an inquisitive negro +named Sambo--Dr. Moses, as he was always called, had been handed +down to us by tradition as a fellow of infinite jest and of most +excellent fancy; but I must confess that I find his high spirits +very much evaporated. His humor expended itself, for the greater +part, in practical pleasantries--like that practiced on the +minion Sambo--but these diversions, however facetious to the +parties concerned, lack magnetism for outsiders. I discover +nothing about him so amusing as the fact that he lived in a +tan-colored little tenement, which was neither clapboarded nor +shingled, and finally got an epidermis from the discarded +shingles of the Old South Church when the roof of that edifice +was repaired. + +Dr. Moses, like many persons of his time and class, was a man of +protean employment--joiner, barber, and what not. No doubt he had +much pithy and fluent conversation, all of which escapes us. He +certainly impressed the Hon. Theodore Atkinson as a person of +uncommon parts, for the Honorable Secretary of the Province, like +a second Haroun Al Raschid, often summoned the barber to +entertain him with his company. One evening--and this is the only +reproducible instance of the doctor's readiness--Mr. Atkinson +regaled his guest with a diminutive glass of choice Madeira. The +doctor regarded it against the light with the half-closed eye of +the connoisseur, and after sipping the molten topaz with +satisfaction, inquired how old it was. "Of the vintage of about +sixty years ago," was the answer. "Well," said the doctor +reflectively, "I never in my life saw so small a thing of such an +age." There are other mots of his on record, but their faces are +suspiciously familiar. In fact, all the witty things were said +aeons ago. If one nowadays perpetrates an original joke, one +immediately afterward finds it in the Sanskirt. I am afraid that +Dr. Joseph Moses has no very solid claims on us. I have given him +place here because he has long had the reputation of a wit, which +is almost as good as to be one. + +VII. + +PERSONAL REMINISCENCES + +THE running of the first train over the Eastern Road from Boston +to Portsmouth--it took place somewhat more than forty years +ago--was attended by a serious accident. The accident occurred in +the crowded station at the Portsmouth terminus, and was +unobserved at the time. The catastrophe was followed, though not +immediately, by death, and that also, curiously enough, was +unobserved. Nevertheless, this initial train, freighted with so +many hopes and the Directors of the Road, ran over and +killed--LOCAL CHARACTER. + +Up to that day Portsmouth had been a very secluded little +community, and had had the courage of its seclusion. From time to +time it had calmly produced an individual built on plans and +specifications of its own, without regard to the prejudices and +conventionalities of outlying districts. This individual was +purely indigenous. He was born in the town, he lived to a good +old age in the town, and never went out of the place, until he +was finally laid under it. To him, Boston, though only fifty-six +miles away, was virtually an unknown quantity--only fifty-six +miles by brutal geographical measurement, but thousands of miles +distant in effect. In those days, in order to reach Boston you +were obliged to take a great yellow, clumsy stage-coach, +resembling a three-story mud-turtle--if zoologist will, for the +sake of the simile, tolerate so daring an invention; you were +obliged to take it very early in the morning, you dined at noon +at Ipswich, and clattered into the great city with the golden +dome just as the twilight was falling, provided always the coach +had not shed a wheel by the roadside or one of the leaders had +not gone lame. To many worthy and well-to-do persons in +Portsmouth, this journey was an event which occurred only twice +or thrice during life. To the typical individual with whom I am +for the moment dealing, it never occurred at all. The town was +his entire world; he was a parochial as a Parisian; Market Street +was his Boulevard des Italiens, and the North End his Bois de +Boulogne. + +Of course there were varieties of local characters without his +limitations; venerable merchants retired from the East India +trade; elderly gentlewomen, with family jewels and personal +peculiarities; one or two scholarly recluses in by-gone cut of +coat, haunting the Athenaeum reading-room; ex-sea captains, with +rings on their fingers, like Simon Danz's visitors in +Longfellow's poem--men who had played busy parts in the bustling +world, and had drifted back to Old Strawberry Bank in the +tranquil sunset of their careers. I may say, in passing, that +these ancient mariners, after battling with terrific hurricanes +and typhoons on every known sea, not infrequently drowned +themselves in pleasant weather in small sail-boats on the +Piscataqua River. Old sea-dogs who had commanded ships of four or +five hundred tons had naturally slight respect for the +potentialities of sail-boats twelve feet long. But there was to +be no further increase of these odd sticks--if I may call them +so, in no irreverent mood--after those innocent-looking parallel +bars indissolubly linked Portsmouth with the capital of the +Commonwealth of Massachusetts. All the conditions were to be +changed, the old angles to be pared off, new horizons to be +regarded. The individual, as an eccentric individual, was to +undergo great modifications. If he were not to become extinct--a +thing little likely--he was at least to lose his prominence. + +However, as I said, local character, in the sense in which the +term is here used, was not instantly killed; it died a lingering +death, and passed away so peacefully and silently as not to +attract general, or perhaps any, notice. This period of gradual +dissolution fell during my boyhood. The last of the cocked hats +had gone out, and the railway had come in, long before my time; +but certain bits of color, certain half obsolete customs and +scraps of the past, were still left over. I was not too late, for +example, to catch the last town crier--one Nicholas Newman, whom +I used to contemplate with awe, and now recall with a sort of +affection. + +Nicholas Newman--Nicholas was a sobriquet, his real name being +Edward--was a most estimable person, very short, cross-eyed, +somewhat bow-legged, and with a bell out of all proportion to his +stature. I have never since seen a bell of that size disconnected +with a church steeple. The only thing about him that matched the +instrument of his office was his voice. His "Hear All!" still +deafens memory's ear. I remember that he had a queer way of +sidling up to one, as if nature in shaping him had originally +intended a crab, but thought better of it, and made a town-crier. +Of the crustacean intention only a moist thumb remained, which +served Mr. Newman in good stead in the delivery of the Boston +evening papers, for he was incidentally newsdealer. His authentic +duties were to cry auctions, funerals, mislaid children, +traveling theatricals, public meetings, and articles lost or +found. He was especially strong in announcing the loss of +reticules, usually the property of elderly maiden ladies. The +unction with which he detailed the several contents, when fully +confided to him, would have seemed satirical in another person, +but on his part was pure conscientiousness. He would not let so +much as a thimble, or a piece of wax, or a portable tooth, or any +amiable vanity in the way of tonsorial device, escape him. I have +heard Mr. Newman spoken of as "that horrid man." He was a +picturesque figure. + +Possibly it is because of his bell that I connect the town crier +with those dolorous sounds which I used to hear rolling out of +the steeple of the Old North every night at nine o'clock--the +vocal remains of the colonial curfew. Nicholas Newman has passed +on, perhaps crying his losses elsewhere, but this nightly tolling +is still a custom. I can more satisfactorily explain why I +associate with it a vastly different personality, that of Sol +Holmes, the barber, for every night at nine o'clock his little +shop on Congress Street was in full blast. Many a time at that +hour I have flattened my nose on his window-glass. It was a gay +little shop (he called it "an Emporium"), as barber shops +generally are, decorated with circus bills, tinted prints, and +gaudy fly-catchers of tissue and gold paper. Sol Holmes--whose +antecedents to us boys were wrapped in thrilling mystery, we +imagined him to have been a prince in his native land--was a +colored man, not too dark "for human nature's daily food," and +enjoyed marked distinction as one of the few exotics in town. At +this juncture the foreign element was at its minimum; every +official, from selectman down to the Dogberry of the watch, bore +a name that had been familiar to the town for a hundred years or +so. The situation is greatly changed. I expect to live to see a +Chinese policeman, with a sandal-wood club and a rice-paper +pocket handkerchief, patrolling Congress Street. + +Holmes was a handsome man, six feet or more in height, and as +straight as a pine. He possessed his race's sweet temper, +simplicity, and vanity. His martial bearing was a positive factor +in the effectiveness of the Portsmouth Greys, whenever those +bloodless warriors paraded. As he brought up the rear of the last +platoon, with his infantry cap stuck jauntily on the left side of +his head and a bright silver cup slung on a belt at his hip, he +seemed to youthful eyes one of the most imposing things in the +display. To himself he was pretty much "all the company." He used +to say, with a drollness which did not strike me until years +afterwards, "Boys, I and Cap'n Towle is goin' to trot out 'the +Greys' to-morroh." Though strictly honest in all business +dealings, his tropical imagination, whenever he strayed into the +fenceless fields of autobiography, left much to be desired in the +way of accuracy. Compared with Sol Holmes on such occasions, +Ananias was a person of morbid integrity. Sol Holmes's tragic end +was in singular contrast with his sunny temperament. One night, +long ago, he threw himself from the deck of a Sound steamer, +somewhere between Stonington and New York. What led or drove him +to the act never transpired. + +There are few men who were boys in Portsmouth at the period of +which I write but will remember Wibird Penhallow and his sky-blue +wheelbarrow. I find it difficult to describe him other than +vaguely, possibly because Wilbird had no expression whatever in +his countenance. With his vacant white face lifted to the clouds, +seemingly oblivious of everything, yet going with a sort of +heaven-given instinct straight to his destination, he trundled +that rattling wheelbarrow for many a year over Portsmouth +cobblestones. He was so unconscious of his environment that +sometimes a small boy would pop into the empty wheelbarrow and +secure a ride without Wibird arriving at any very clear knowledge +of the fact. His employment in life was to deliver groceries and +other merchandise to purchasers. This he did in a dreamy, +impersonal kind of way. It was as if a spirit had somehow go hold +of an earthly wheelbarrow and was trundling it quite +unconsciously, with no sense of responsibility. One day he +appeared at a kitchen door with a two-gallon molasses jug, the +top of which was wanting. It was not longer a jug, but a tureen. +When the recipient of the damaged article remonstrated with +"Goodness gracious, Wibird! You have broken the jug," his +features lighted up, and he seemed immensely relieved. "I +thought, " He remarked, "I heerd somethink crack!" + +Wibird Penhallow's heaviest patron was the keeper of a variety +store, and the first specimen of a pessimist I ever encountered. +He was an excellent specimen. He took exception to everything. He +objected to the telegraph, to the railway, to steam in all its +applications. Some of his arguments, I recollect, made a deep +impression on my mind. "Nowadays," he once observed to me, "if +your son or your grandfather drops dead at the other end of +creation, you know of it in ten minutes. What's the use? Unless +you are anxious to know he's dead, you've got just two or three +weeks more to be miserable in." He scorned the whole business, +and was faithful to his scorn. When he received a telegram, which +was rare, he made a point of keeping it awhile unopened. Through +the exercise of this whim he once missed an opportunity of buying +certain goods to great advantage. "There!" he exclaimed, "if the +telegraph hadn't been invented the idiot would have written to +me, and I'd have sent a letter by return coach, and got the goods +before he found out prices had gone up in Chicago. If that boy +brings me another of those tapeworm telegraphs, I'll throw an +axe-handle at him." His pessimism extended up, or down, to +generally recognized canons of orthography. They were all +iniquitous. If k-n-i-f-e spelled knife, then, he contended, +k-n-i-f-e-s was the plural. Diverting tags, written by his own +hand in conformity with this theory, were always attached to +articles in his shop window. He is long since ded, as he himself +would have put it, but his phonetic theory appears to have +survived him in crankish brains here and there. As my +discouraging old friend was not exactly a public character, like +the town crier or Wibird Penhallow, I have intentionally thrown a +veil over his identity. I have, so to speak, dropped into his +pouch a grain or two of that magical fern-seed which was supposed +by our English ancestors, in Elizabeth's reign, to possess the +quality of rendering a man invisible. + +Another person who singularly interested me at this epoch was a +person with whom I had never exchanged a word, whose voice I had +never heard, but whose face was as familiar to me as every day +could make it. For each morning as I went to school, and each +afternoon as I returned, I saw this face peering out of a window +in the second story of a shambling yellow house situated in +Washington Street, not far from the corner of State. Whether some +malign disease had fixed him to the chair he sat on, or whether +he had lost the use of his legs, or, possible, had none (the +upper part of him was that of a man in admirable health), +presented a problem which, with that curious insouciance of youth +I made no attempt to solve. It was an established fact, however, +that he never went out of that house. I cannot vouch so +confidently for the cobwebby legend which wove itself about him. +It was to this effect: He had formerly been the master of a large +merchantman running between New York and Calcutta; while still in +his prime he had abruptly retired from the quarter-deck, and +seated himself at that window--where the outlook must have been +the reverse of exhilarating, for not ten persons passed in the +course of the day, and the hurried jingle of the bells on Parry's +bakery-cart was the only sound that ever shattered the silence. +Whether it was an amatory or a financial disappointment that +turned him into a hermit was left to ingenious conjecture. But +there he sat, year in and year out, with his cheek so close to +the window that the nearest pane became permanently blurred with +his breath; for after his demise the blurr remained. + +In this Arcadian era it was possible, in provincial places, for +an undertaker to assume the dimensions of a personage. There was +a sexton in Portsmouth--his name escapes me, but his attributes +do not--whose impressiveness made him own brother to the massive +architecture of the Stone Church. On every solemn occasion he was +the striking figure, even to the eclipsing of the involuntary +object of the ceremony. His occasions, happily, were not +exclusively solemn; he added to his other public services that of +furnishing ice-cream for the evening parties. I always +thought--perhaps it was the working of an unchastened +imagination--that he managed to throw into his ice-creams a +peculiar chill not attained by either Dunyon or Peduzzi--arcades +ambo--the rival confectioners. + +Perhaps I should not say rival, for Mr. Dunyon kept a species of +restaurant, while Mr. Peduzzi restricted himself to preparing +confections to be discussed elsewhere than on his premises. Both +gentlemen achieved great popularity in their respective lines, +but neither offered to the juvenile population quite the charm of +those prim, white-capped old ladies who presided over certain +snuffy little shops, occurring unexpectedly in silent +side-streets where the football of commerce seemed an incongruous +thing. These shops were never intended in nature. They had an +impromptu and abnormal air about them. I do not recall one that +was not located in a private residence, and was not evidently the +despairing expedient of some pathetic financial crisis, similar +to that which overtook Miss Hepzibah Pyrcheon in The House of the +Seven Gables. The horizontally divided street door--the upper +section left open in summer--ushered you, with a sudden jangle of +bell that turned your heart over, into a strictly private hall, +haunted by the delayed aroma of thousands of family dinners. +Thence, through another door, you passed into what had formerly +been the front parlor, but was now a shop, with a narrow, brown, +wooden counter, and several rows of little drawers built up +against the picture-papered wall behind it. Through much use the +paint on these drawers was worn off in circles round the polished +brass knobs. Here was stored almost every small article required +by humanity, from an inflamed emery cushion to a peppermint +Gibraltar--the latter a kind of adamantine confectionery which, +when I reflect upon it, raises in me the wonder that any +Portsmouth boy or girl ever reached the age of fifteen with a +single tooth left unbroken. The proprietors of these little +knick-knack establishments were the nicest creatures, somehow +suggesting venerable doves. They were always aged ladies, +sometimes spinsters, sometimes relicts of daring mariners, +beached long before. They always wore crisp muslin caps and +steel-rimmed spectacles; they were not always amiable, and no +wonder, for even doves may have their rheumatism; but such as +they were, they were cherished in young hearts, and are, I take +it, impossible to-day. + +When I look back to Portsmouth as I knew it, it occurs to me that +it must have been in some respects unique among New England +towns. There were, for instance, no really poor persons in the +place; every one had some sufficient calling or an income to +render it unnecessary; vagrants and paupers were instantly +snapped up and provided for at "the Farm." There was, however, in +a gambrel-roofed house here and there, a decayed old gentlewoman, +occupying a scrupulously neat room with just a suspicion of +maccaboy snuff in the air, who had her meals sent in to her by +the neighborhood--as a matter of course, and involving no sense +of dependency on her side. It is wonderful what an extension of +vitality is given to an old gentlewoman in this condition! + +I would like to write about several of those ancient Dames, as +they were affectionately called, and to materialize others of the +shadows that stir in my recollection; but this would be to go +outside the lines of my purpose, which is simply to indicate one +of the various sorts of changes that have come over the vie +intime of formerly secluded places like Portsmouth--the +obliteration of odd personalities, or, if not the obliteration, +the general disregard of them. Everywhere in New England the +impress of the past is fading out. The few old-fashioned men and +women--quaint, shrewd, and racy of the soil--who linger in +little, silvery-gray old homesteads strung along the New England +roads and by-ways will shortly cease to exist as a class, save in +the record of some such charming chronicler as Sarah Jewett, or +Mary Wilkins, on whose sympathetic page they have already taken +to themselves a remote air, an atmosphere of long-kept lavender +and pennyroyal. + +Peculiarity in any kind requires encouragement in order to reach +flower. The increased facilities of communication between points +once isolated, the interchange of customs and modes of thought, +make this encouragement more and more difficult each decade. The +naturally inclined eccentric finds his sharp outlines rubbed off +by unavoidable attrition with a larger world than owns him. +Insensibly he lends himself to the shaping hand of new ideas. He +gets his reversible cuffs and paper collars from Cambridge, +Massachusetts, the scarabaeus in his scarf-pin from Mexico, and +his ulster from everywhere. He has passed out of the chrysalis +state of Odd Stick; he has ceased to be parochial; he is no +longer distinct; he is simply the Average Man. + + +INDEX OF NAMES + +ADAMS, NATHANIEL +ADDISON, JOSEPH +ALLEN, WILLIAM +ANANIAS +ATKINSON, THEODORE +AUSTIN, REBECCA +BEAUJOLAIS, DUC DE +BLAY, RUTH +BOGGS, AMOS +BREWSTER, CHARLES WARREN +BRIDGET, MOLLY +BROWN, REV. ARTHUR +BROWN, CAPTAIN ELIHU D. +BRUCE, CYRUS +BURROUGHS, REV. DR. CHARLES +BYLES, REV. MATHER +CAROLINE, QUEEN +CHADBORN, HUMPHREY +CHARLES, PRINCE +CHASTELLUX, MARQUIS DE +CLAGETT, WYSEMAN +COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON +D'ORLEANS, DUC +DUNYON, WILLIAM +ELIZABETH, QUEEN +FENTON, JOHN +FOWLE, DANIEL +FOWLE, PRIMUS +FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN +FURBER, THOMAS +GEORGE I +GERRY, ELBRIDGE +GORGES, SIR FERDINAND +GUAST, PIERRE DE +HAM, SUPPLY +HANCOCK, JOHN +HAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL +HILTON, MARTHA +HOLMES, OLIVER WENDELL +HOLMES, SOL +JAFFREY, GEORGE +JAFFRIES, GEORGE JAFFREY +JEWETT, SARAH ORNE +KEAIS, SAMUAL +KEKUANAOA +KENNY, PENELOPE +KNOX, GENERAL HENRY +LAFAYETTE, MARQUIS DE +LAIGHTON, ALBERT +LAIGHTON, OSCAR +LANGDON, COLONEL JOHN +LEAR, BENJAMIN +LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH +MACPHEADRIS, ARCHIBALD +MCDONOUGH, JAMES +MASON, JEREMIAH +MASON, JOHN +MASON, JOHN TUFTON +MARCH, CLEMENT +MATHER, REV. COTTON +MESERVE, GEORGE +MICHELANGELO +MITCHEL, LETTUCE +MOFFATT, CATHERINE +MOLIERE +MONTPENSIER, DUC DE +MOSES, JOSEPH +NEWMAN, EDWARD +NOBLE, MARK +ODIORNE, EBEN L. +PACKER, THOMAS +PEDUZZI, DOMINIC +PENHALLOW, WIBIRD +PEPPERELL, SIR WILLIAM +PEPYS, SAMUAL +PHILIPPE, LOUIS +PHIPPES, THOMAS +PHIPPS, GOVERNOR +PICKERING, JOHN +PITT, WILLIAM +POTTLE, WILLIAM +PRING, MARTIN +QUINCY, DOROTHY +ROCHAMBEAU, COUNT DE +ROUSSELET, NICHOLAS +RUTLEDGE, EDWARD +SERAT, LEONARD +SEWELL, JONATHAN +SHAKESPEARE +SHEAFE, JACOB +SHERBURNE, HENRY +SHURTLEFF, MARY ATKINSON +SHURTLEFF, REV. WILLIAM +SIMPSON, SARAH +SMITH, CAPTAIN JOHN +SOCRATES +STAVERS, DAME +STAVERS, JOHN +STEDMAN, EDMUND CLARENCE +STOODLEY, JAMES +THAXTER, CELIA +THOREAU, HENRY DAVID +TILTON, JOHNNY +TOWLE, GEORGE WILLIAM +WALTON, GEORGE +WARNER, JONATHAN +WASHINGTON, GEORGE +WEBSTER, DANIEL +WENTWORTH, BENNING +WENTWORTH, JOHN +WENTWORTH, JOHN 2D +WENTWORTH, COLONEL JOSHUA +WENTWORTH, MARY +WENTWORTH, MICHAEL +WENTWORTH, SARAH +WESTWERE, EDWARD +WHITTIER, JOHN GREENLEAF +WIBIRD, RICHARD +WILKINS, MARY E. +WINN, TIMOTHY +WITHER, GEORGE +XANTIPPE + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg Etext of An Old Town By The Sea, by Aldrich + |