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diff --git a/19464-0.txt b/19464-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa9fb21 --- /dev/null +++ b/19464-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2169 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Osage Traditions by J. Owen Dorsey + + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no +restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under +the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or +online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license + + + +Title: Osage Traditions + +Author: J. Owen Dorsey + +Release Date: October 4, 2006 [Ebook #19464] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OSAGE TRADITIONS*** + + + + + +Osage Traditions + + +by J. Owen Dorsey + + + + +Edition 1, (October 4, 2006) + + + + + +SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. + + + + + +CONTENTS + + +INTRODUCTION. +TRADITIONS OF THE ELDERS. + UNŬn’U¢ÁʞE. TSÍOU WACTÁʞE ITÁ*P*E. + UNŬn’ U¢ÁʞE. QÜ¢ÁPASAn ITÁ*P*E. +CONCLUDING REMARKS. + + + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + + +FIG. 389. Symbolic chart of the Osage. + + + + + + +OSAGE TRADITIONS. + + +BY REV. J. OWEN DORSEY. + + + + + +INTRODUCTION. + + +When the author visited the Osage, in the Indian Territory, in January, +1883, he learned of the existence of a secret society of seven degrees, in +which, it was alleged, the traditions of the people have been preserved to +the present time. Owing to the shortness of his visit, one month and +eleven days, he was unable to gain more than fragmentary accounts of the +society, including parts of two traditions, from several Osage who had +been initiated. + +The version of the first tradition was dictated to the author by +Ha*d*a-ɔüʇse (Red Corn), a halfbreed Osage of the Tsíɔu wactáʞe gens. He +obtained it from Sa*d*eki¢e. Ha*d*a-ɔüʇse was adopted in childhood by a +white man named Matthews, who sent him to a Jesuit college in Missouri(?) +to be educated for the priesthood. But the boy left the institution after +he had been taught to read and write, as he did not wish to become a +priest. He took the name of William P. Matthews, but among his white +associates he is known as Bill Nix. He has tried several occupations and +is now an Indian doctor. The author was inclined at first to underrate Mr. +Matthews’s accomplishments and stock of information, but subsequently +changed his opinion of him, as he obtained much that agreed with what had +been furnished by members of other tribes in former years. Besides, the +author obtained partial accounts of similar traditions from other Osage, +who used the same chant which Ha*d*a-ɔüʇse had sung. None of the younger +Osage men knew about these matters and the author was urged not to speak +to them on this subject. He observed that several of the elder men, +members of the secret order in which these traditions are preserved, had +parts of the accompanying symbolic chart (Fig. 389) tattooed on their +throats and chests. This chart is a fac simile of one that was drawn for +the author by Ha*d*a-ɔüʇse. At the top we see a tree near a river. The +tree is a cedar, called the tree of life. It has six roots, three on each +side. Nothing is said about this tree till the speaker nearly reaches the +end of the tradition. Then follows the "ceremony of the cedar." The tree +is described very minutely. Then follows a similar account of the river +and its branches. + + [Illustration: FIG. 389. Symbolic chart of the Osage.] + + FIG. 389. Symbolic chart of the Osage. + + +Just under the river, at the left, we see a large star, the Red or Morning +Star. Next are six stars, Ta¢a*d*¢in. The Omaha know a similar group, +which they call "Minxa si ʇañga," or "Large foot of a goose." Next is the +Evening Star; and last comes the small star, "Mikak’ĕ-ɔiñʞa." Beneath +these four we see the seven stars, or Pleiades (Mikak’ĕ u*d*átse +pé¢ŭn*d*a, the Seven Gentes of Stars), between the Moon (on the left) and +the Sun (on the right). Beneath these are the peace pipe (on the left) and +the hatchet (on the right). A bird is seen hovering over the four upper +worlds. These worlds are represented by four parallel horizontal lines, +each of which, except the lowest one, is supported by two pillars. The +lowest world rests on a red oak tree. + +The journey of the people began at a point below the lowest upper world, +on the left side of the chart. Then the people had neither human bodies +nor souls, though they existed in some unknown manner. They ascended from +the lowest upper world, on the left, to the highest. There they obtained +human souls in the bodies of birds, according to Sa*d*eki¢e. +ʞahiʞe-waʇayiñʞa said that there they met a male red bird, to whom they +appealed for aid. (See p. 383, line 18.) This was distinct from the female +Red Bird, who gave them human bodies. They descended to the first world, +and from that they traveled until they alighted on the red oak tree. (See +p. 383, line 30.) The ground was covered with grass and other kinds of +vegetation. Then the paths of the people separated: some marched on the +left, being the peace gentes that could not take life; they subsisted on +roots &c.; while those on the right killed animals. By and by the gentes +exchanged commodities. + +The small figures on the left, in going from the tree (on the right when +facing the tree), show the heavenly bodies or beings to whom the Black +Bear went for help, and those on the right, in going from the tree (on the +left when facing the top of the chart), show similar bodies or beings to +whom the Waɔaɔe or war gentes applied for assistance. These are unknown to +the members of the Tsíɔu gentes. After the female red bird gave bodies to +the Tsíɔu people, the Black Bear found seven skins, which were used for +tents. Subsequently the people discovered four kinds of rocks, which were +the In’qĕ sá*d*e, or black rock; In’qĕ tṵhṵ,(1) or blue (green?) rock; +In’qĕ ɔüʇse, or red rock; and In’qĕ skă, or white rock. Therefore, when a +child is named, four stones are heated for the sweat bath. After finding +the rocks, according to ʞahiʞe-waʇayiñʞa, four buffalo bulls approached +the people, as one of the men was returning to the company. When the first +bull arose after rolling on the ground, an ear of red corn and a red +pumpkin fell from his left hind leg. The leader of the Tsíɔu wactáʞe +noticed them, and asked his younger brother to pick them up and taste +them. The leader of the Bald Eagle subgens did so. Then the elder brother +said: "These will be good for the children to eat. Their limbs will +stretch and increase in strength." When the second bull arose after +rolling, an ear of spotted corn and a spotted pumpkin dropped from his +left hind leg. These, too, were tasted and declared good for the children. +When the third bull arose after rolling, an ear of dark corn and a dark +(black?) pumpkin dropped from his left hind leg. From the left hind leg of +the fourth buffalo dropped an ear of white corn and a white pumpkin. +Therefore, when a child is named in the Tsíɔu gens (alone?) the head man +of that gens (ʞahiʞe-waʇayiñʞa himself, according to his statement) takes +a grain of each kind of corn and a slice of each variety of pumpkin, which +he puts into the mouth of the infant. Ha*d*a-ɔüʇse knew that the four +kinds of rocks were found, "but he could not say in what part of the +tradition the account belonged. He said that subsequently the Waɔaɔe and +Tsíɔu gentes came to the village of the Hañ’ʞa-utá¢anʇse, a very war-like +people, who then inhabited earth lodges. They subsisted on animals, and +bodies of all kinds lay around their village, making the air very +offensive. The Tsíɔu succeeded at last in making peace with the +Hañ’ʞa-utá¢anʇse. After this followed the part of the account given to the +author by ʞahiʞe-waʇayiñʞa: + +"After the council between the Tsíɔu, Waɔaɔe, and Hañ’ʞa-utá¢anʇse, two +old men were sent off to seek a country in which all might dwell. One of +these was a Tsíɔu wactáʞe and the other a Panɥka-wactáʞe. Each man +received a pipe from the council and was told to go for seven days without +food or drink. He carried a staff to aid him in walking. Three times a day +he wept, in the morning, at noon, and near sunset. They returned to the +people at the end of the seven days, being very thin. The report of the +Tsíɔu man was accepted, so the Tsíɔu gens is superior to the +Panɥka-wactáʞe or Watsetsi. A Waɔaɔe man acted as crier and told all about +the new home of the nation. All the old men decorated their faces with +clay. The next morning the two old men who had gone in search of the new +home led their respective sides of the nation, who marched in parallel +roads. When they reached the land the policemen ran around in a circle, +just as they do previous to starting to war. The Waɔaɔe man ran around +from right to left and the ¢uqe man from left to right. At different +stations the two old leaders addressed the people. Finally the men took +sharp pointed sticks, which they stuck into the ground, each one saying ’I +wish my lodge to be here.’ The next day the Cuka or messenger of the Tsíɔu +old man went to summon the Elk crier. The latter was ordered to make a +proclamation to all the people, as follows: ’They say that you must remove +to-day! Wakanʇa has made good weather! They say that you must remove today +to a good land!’ In those days the Osage used dogs instead of horses. When +the old Tsíɔu man made his speech, he went into details about every part +of a lodge, the fireplace, building materials, implements, &c. Four sticks +were placed in the fireplace, the first pointing to the west. When this +was laid down, the Tsíɔu leader spoke about the West Wind, and also about +a young buffalo bull (Tseʇu’-ɔiñʞa), repeating the name Wani’e-skă. When +the stick at the north was laid down, he spoke of Tsehe quʇse (gray +buffalo horns) or a buffalo bull. When the stick at the east was laid down +he spoke of Tseʇuʞa tañʞa (a large buffalo bull). On laying down the +fourth stick at the south, he spoke of Tse minʞa (a buffalo cow). At the +same time a similar ceremony was performed by the aged Panɥka man on the +right side of the tribe.(2) + +"In placing the stick to the east, Taʇse ʞaqpa tsĕ, The East Wind, and +Tahe ca*d*e, Dark-Horned Deer, were mentioned; to the north, Taʇse *P*asan +tsĕ, The North Wind, and The Deer with gray horns were mentioned; to the +west, Taʇse Man’ha tsĕ, The West Wind, and an animal which makes a lodge +and is with the Tahe pasiʞe were mentioned; to the south, T]aʇse Ak’a tsĕ, +The South Wind, and Ta wañka he aʞ¢aɔĭ skutañʞa were mentioned."(3) + +ʞahiʞe-waʇayiñʞa gave no further information, as a reported case of +smallpox near the agency led the author to start for the East February 21, +1883. Since then he has learned of the existence of similar societies +among the Kansa and the Ponka, and he suspects that there were formerly +such societies among the Omaha.(4) + + + + + +TRADITIONS OF THE ELDERS. + + +In presenting the accompanying traditions, the following abbreviations are +used in the interlinear translations: + +an., _animate_. +cv., _curvilinear_. +du., _dual_. +in., _inanimate_. +mv., _moving_. +ob., _object_. +pl., _plural_. +recl., _reclining_. +sing., _singular_. +st., _sitting_. +std., _standing_. +sub., _subject_. + + + + +UNŬn’U¢ÁʞE. TSÍOU WACTÁʞE ITÁ*P*E. + + +(Tradition of the Tsíɔu wactáʞe gens.)(5) + +1 | Ɔiñʞa | weháʞi¢e(6): | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká!(7) + +| Child | last | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wisŭñ’ʞa, | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe, |éʞi añká(8): | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother | child | body | they have none | he saw saying +that | he really said | O grandfater! + +3 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | añʞúʞiʇse tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | we shall seek ours | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wisŭñ’ʞa, | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother | you shall attend to it | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Máxe úsakí*d*a(9) | win’qtsi | ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Parallel upper worlds | one | to it | came and stood | he really said | +O grandfather! + +6 | Ĕʇsíqtsi | níkacíʞa-*d*áɔĭ(10): | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Just there | they were not human beings | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Há | wisŭñ’ʞa! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother | child | body | they have none | he was saying +that | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | añʞúʞiʇsé tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | we shall seeks ours | he really said | O grandfather! + +9 | Máxe úsakí*d*a | ¢ŭn’*d*a | ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Parallel upper worlds | two | to it | came and stood | he really said | +O grandfather! + +| Ĕʇsíqtsi | níkacíʞa-*d*áɔĭ: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Just there | they were not human beings | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Há, | wisŭñ’ʞa! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, +Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother | child | body | they have none | he was saying +that | he really said | O grandfather! + +12 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | añʞúʞiʇsé tatsé: á*d*intaú, Tsiká! + +| Child | body | we shall seek ours | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Máxe úsakí*d*a | ¢a*d*¢in | ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Parallel upper worlds | three | there | came and stood | he really said +| O grandfather! + +| Ĕʇsíqtsi | níkacíʞa-*d*áɔĭ: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Just there | they were not human beings | he really said | O +grandfather! + +15 | Há | wisŭñ’ʞa! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother | child | body | they have none | he was saying +that | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | añʞúʞiʇsé tatsé: | ádintaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | we shall seek ours | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Máxe úsakí*d*a | ʇú*d*a | ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká!(11) + +| Parallel upper worlds | four | there | came and stood | he really said | +O grandfather! + +18 | Ĕʇsíqtsi | níkacíʞa é(12): | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Just there | they were human beings | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | ɔiñ’ʞa | cuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e ¢añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | child | body | they were without | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | añʞúʞiʇse | anman’¢in tá*d*etse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | we seek ours | we shall walk | he really said | O +grandfather! + +21 | Máxe úsakí*d*a | ¢á*d*¢ni | ĕ’ʇsi tsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Parallel upper worlds | three | there came this way and stood | he +really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa-*d*áɔĭ | é | e¢á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | had no bodies | that | indeed, he really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wisŭñ’ʞa! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother | child | body | they have none | he was saying +that | he really said | O grandfather! + +24 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | añʞúʞiʇse | anman’¢in tá*d*etse: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | body | we seek ours | we shall walk | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Máxe úsakí*d*a | ¢ŭn’*d*a | ĕ’ʇsi tsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Parallel upper worlds | two | there came this way and stood | he really +said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | kíi¢a-*d*áɔĭ: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | they did not find for | he really said | O grandfather! + +27 | Há, | wisŭñ’ʞa! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother | child | body | they have none | he was saying +that | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tá*d*etse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | examination | we shall make | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Máxe usakí*d*a | win’qtsi | ĕ’ʇsi tsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Parallel upper worlds | one | there came this way and stood | he really +said | O grandfather! + +30 | Pü’sühü | win | átsi ánaɔin añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Red oak | one | they came to and stood on | he really said | O +grandfather! + +31 | Hŭn’*d*a | ¢áʞ¢inqtsi | ĕ’ʇsi | tsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Day | very good | there | came and stood | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Káxe-wáhü-san(13) | ¢é-na: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Crow bone white | he who was mv. in the past | he really said | O +grandfather! + +33 | ¢útsi naɔin’ | é | e¢á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Came directly to him and stood | he said | indeed, he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Há, | wiɔin¢é: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | elder brother! | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Cáʞe | ʇsüʇsean’ ¢akcí¢ĕ | manhnin’ tatsé(14): | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Paws | you burn them for me | you shall walk | he really said | O +grandfather! + +36 | Há, | Káxe-wáhü-san! | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | crow bone white! | he was saying that | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Wátse-ʇúka-na(15) | ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’ añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Male animal who touched a foe in the past | there | he arrived and was +standing | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué! | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | he was saying that | he really said | O grandfather! + +39 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | they have none | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse(16): | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | I who sit(?) | apt | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá| ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ(17), | éʞi añʞá: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only | I am I-not | he was saying that | he really +said | O grandfather! + +42 | Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Wátse-min’ʞa-na | ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’ añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Female animal who had touched a foe in the past | there | he arrived and +was std. | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | íɥʞué! | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandmother! | he was saying that | he really said | O grandfather! + +45 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞe añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | they have none | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | I who sit | apt | he really said | O grandfather! + +47 | Wákanʇá | ʞána | *d*¢in-mácĭ, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaŭ, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | she was saying that | he really +said |O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Han’*d*a-ʇan | wákanʇá | ¢iñkcĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| During the day | mysterious one | to the ob. | he arrived and stood | he +really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué | éʞi añká | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | he was saying that | he really said | O grandfather! + +51 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | wítsiʞué | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | body |they have none | grandfather! | he was saying that | he +really said |O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body |I who sit | apt | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that |I am I-not | he was saying that | he really said +|O grandfather! + +54 | Cŭnŭnckítá | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá | han’ | ¢iñkcí | ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | night | the st. ob. | there | he arrived and stood | he +really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | he really said | O grandfather! + +57 | Ɔiñʞa | cuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | wítsiʞué | eʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | body |they have none | grandfather! | he was saying that | he +really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body |I who sit | apt | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying that | he really +said |O grandfather! + +60 | Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Mikák’ĕ | pé¢ún*d*a(18) | ¢iñkcí | ĕ’ʇsi | tsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Star | seven | the cv. ob. | to it | he came and stood | he really said +| O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | he really said | O grandfather! + +63 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | wítsiʞué | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | body |they have none | grandfathers! | she was saying that | he +really said |O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body |I who sit | apt | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying that | he really +said |O grandfather! + +66 | Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +67 | Tá | ¢a*d*¢in | ¢iñkcĕ’ʇsi | tsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Deer | three | to the st. an. object | he came and stood | he really +said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | he really said | O grandfather! + +69 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | wítsiʞué | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | body |they have none | grandfather | he was saying that | he +really said |O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body |I who | apt | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying that | he really +said |O grandfather! + +72 | Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Mikák’ĕ | tañ’ʞa | han’*d*a-ʇan’ | ¢iñkci’ | ĕ’ʇsi | tsi’ naɔin’: | +á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Star | large | during the day | the st. ob. | there | he came and stood +| he really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué! | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | he really said | O grandfather! + +75 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | wítsiʞué | éʞi añká | e: | +á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body |they have none | grandfather | he was saying that | that| +he really said |O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | I who | apt | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying that | he really +said |O grandfather! + +78 | Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Mikák’ĕ | ɔiñ’ʞa | ¢iñkci’ | ĕ’ʇsi | tsí naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Star | small | the st. an. ob. | there | he came and stood | he really +said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué! | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | he really said | O grandfather! + +81 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | wítsiʞué | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | body |they have none | grandfather | he was saying that | he +really said |O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | miñkcé | ¢an’tse: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body | I who | apt | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Wákanʇá | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying that | he really +said |O grandfather! + +84 | Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Waɔiñ’ʞa | ɔü’ʇse | ¢e-ná | tsíhe | uʞíʞ¢in qtsi ¢iñkcé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Bird | red | the one mv. in the past | nest | she was sitting in her own +| he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’ añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| There | he arrived and was standing | he really said | O grandfather! + +87 | Há, | iɥʞú! | é añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandmother! | he was saying | he really said | O grandfather! + +88 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | éʞi añka: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká!(19) + +| Child | body | they have none | he was saying that | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa wíʞi¢e | ¢an’tsé, | é ¢iñkcé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | I cause you to have my body | apt | she was saying as she sat | +he really said | O grandfather! + +90 | Ahü-sáʞi | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | áhü-sáʞi | man¢in’ tatsé: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Wing hard | that one | child | wing hard | shall walk | he really said | +O grandfather! + +| Áhü-sáʞi | amá ¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | áhü-sáki | tatsé: á*d*intaú, Tsiká! + +| Wing hard | the other one | child | wing hard | shall (be) | he really +said | O grandfather! + +| Taqpü’ | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | taqpü’ | man¢in’ tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Crown of the head | that cv. ob. | child | crown of the head | shall +walk | he really said | O grandfather! + +93 | Í¢etsĕ | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | í¢etsĕ | man¢in’ tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Mouth | that cv. ob. | child | mouth | shall walk | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Pé | ¢é¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | pé | man¢in’ tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Forehead | this cv. ob. | child | forehead | shall walk | he really said +| O grandfather! + +| Táhütse | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | táhütse | man¢in’ tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Neck | that cv. ob. | child | neck | shall walk | he really said | O +grandfather! + +96 | Wé¢ahnin | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | wé¢ahnin | man¢in’ tatsé: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Gullet | that cv. ob. | child | gullet | shall walk | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Mañ’ʞe | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | mañ’ʞe | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Chest | that cv. ob. | child | chest | shall (be) | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| ¢ü’we-uq¢úk’a | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | ¢ü’we-uq¢úk’a | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Bowels | that cv. ob. | child | bowels | shall (be) | he really said | O +grandfather! + +99 | Ɔéʞutañ’ʞa | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔéʞutañ’ʞa | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Thighs | that cv. ob. | child | thighs | shall (be) | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Cí¢anʇse | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | cí¢anʇse | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Knee | that cv. ob. | child | knee | shall (be) | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Náqpü | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | náqpü | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Calf of leg | that cv. ob. | child | calf of leg | shall (be) | he +really said | O grandfather! + +102| Sí¢eʇse | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | sí¢eʇse | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Heel | that cv. ob. | child | heel | shall (be) | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Sipá | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | sipá | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Toe | that cv. ob. | child | toe | shall (be) | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Sípu-itáxe | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | sípu-itáxe | tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Tip of toe | that cv. ob. | child | tip of toe toe | shall (be) | he +really said | O grandfather! + +105 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | its’é | ¢iñʞĕ’qtsi | manhnin’ tá*d*etsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | cause of death | without any at all | ye shall walk | he really +said | O grandfather! + +106 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ¢aníkacíʞa |manhnin’ tá*d*etsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Children | you are human beings |you shall walk | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | únian | ʞá¢iñkcé | ɔiñ’ʞa | únian’wíkci¢ĕ: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | speech (?) | that | child | I cause you to speak (?) | he +really said | O grandfather! + +The rest of this tradition was not obtained. + + _Translation_. + +The following translation is arranged in lines to correspond to the lines +in the original text: + +1 The first of the race +Was saying, "Ho, younger brother! the children have no bodies. +3 "We shall seek bodies for our children. +"Ho, younger brother! you shall attend to it." +They reached one upper world and stood. +6 There they were not human beings. +"Ho, younger brother! the children have no bodies," he was saying. +"We must seek bodies for our children." +9 They reached the second upper world and stood. +There they were not human beings. +"Ho, younger brother! the children have no bodies," he was saying. +12 "We must seek bodies for our children." +They reached the third upper world and stood. +There they were not human beings. +15 "Ho, younger brother! the children have no bodies," he was saying. +"We must seek bodies for our children." +They reached the fourth upper world and stood. +18 There they became human beings. +Still, the children were without (human) bodies. +"We must continue to seek bodies for our children." +21 They returned to the third upper world and stood. +The children were really without bodies. +"Ho, younger brother! the children have no bodies," he was saying. +24 "We must continue to seek bodies for our children." +They returned to the second upper world and stood. +The children did not find bodies for themselves. +27 "Ho, younger brother! the children have no bodies," he was saying. +"We must make an examination awhile longer." +They returned to the first upper world and stood. +30 They came to a red oak and were standing on it. +On a very fine day they came hither and stood. +Kaxe-wahü-san (the Black Bear), who was then moving, +33 Came directly to them and stood. +"Ho, elder brother!" (said the Black Bear.) +"You shall continue to burn my feet for me." +36 "Ho, Kaxe-wahü-san!" was he (the Tsiɔu) saying. +Kaxe-wahü-san went to the star Watse-ʇuʞa. +"Ho, grandfather!" he was saying. +39 "The children have no bodies." +Watse-ʇuʞa replied, "Can I give the children bodies? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +42 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +Then Kaxe-wahü-san went to the star Watse-minʞa. +44 "Ho, grandmother!" he said; +"The children have no bodies." +She replied, "Can I give bodies to the children? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +48 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +Then he went to the mysterious one of day. +"Ho, grandfather!" said he; +51 "The children have no bodies." +Said he, "Can I give the children bodies? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +54 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +Then he went to the mysterious one of night. +"Ho, grandfather!" said he; +57 "The children have no bodies, grandfather!" +The Moon replied, "Can I give bodies to the children? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +60 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +Then he went to the Pleiades, saying, +"Ho, grandfathers! +63 "The children have no bodies." +One of these replied, "Can I give bodies to the children? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +66 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +Then he went to the constellation called Three Deer. +"Ho, grandfather," said he; +69 "The children have no bodies." +The latter replied, "Can I give the children bodies? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +72 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +Then he went to the Morning Star, saying, +"Ho, grandfather! +75 "The children have no bodies." +The star replied, "Can I give bodies to the children? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +78 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +Then he went to the Small Star, saying, +"Ho, grandfather! +81 "The children have no bodies." +The star replied, "Can I give bodies to the children? +"I am not the only mysterious one; +84 "You shall attend to it awhile longer." +The female Red Bird, who had been moving, was sitting on her nest. +To her he came, saying, +87 "Ho, grandmother! +"The children have no bodies." +She replied, "I can cause your children to have (human) bodies from my +own, +90 "My left wing shall be a left arm for the children. +"My right wing shall be a right arm for them. +"My head shall be a head for them. +93 "My mouth shall be a mouth for them. +"My forehead shall be a forehead for them. +"My neck shall be a neck for them. +96 "My throat shall be a throat for them. +"My chest shall be a chest for them. +98 "My bowels shall be bowels for them. +"My thighs shall be thighs for them. +"My knees shall be knees for them. +"The calves of my legs shall be calves of their legs. +102 "My heels shall be their heels. +"My toes shall be their toes. +"My claws shall be their toenails. +105 "You shall continue to exist without any cause of destruction for your +race. +"Your children shall live as human beings. +"The speech (or breath) of children will I bestow on your children." + + + + +UNŬn’ U¢ÁʞE. QÜ¢ÁPASAn ITÁ*P*E. + + +(Tradition of the Bald Eagle subgens.)(20) + +1 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | níɥk’ăcíʞa | tá*d*eʇan | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tatsé, | wísŭñʞá: + +| Child | human beings | in order that (pl.) | attention | we shall make | +younger brother + +| á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| he really said | O grandfather! + +| Káxe-wáhü-san | tsi’ nacin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Káxe-wáhü-san | came and stood | he really said | 0 grandfather! + +3 | Káxe-wáhü-san’ | han’*d*ʇan | wakan’ʇa | ¢iñkcéʇsi | hi’naɔin’: | +á*d*intaú, + +| Káxe-wáhü-san | during the day | mysterious one | to the st. an, ob. | +came and stood | he really said + +| Tsiká! + +| O grandfather! + +4 | Há, | wítsiʞué! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñʞa*d*e, | éʞi añka: | +á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! |child | body |they have none | he was saying that | +he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wakan’ʇa | uɔañ’ʞe | ts’é | watséqi | *d*¢in’ | e¢aú: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | road | to die | difficult | I am | indeed | he really +said | O grandfather! + +6 | Wakan’ʇa | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔi, | éʞiʞíe añka: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| O mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying to him what +precedes | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢acé tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’, | cŭnta, | wisŭñ’ʞa, | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tá*d*etsé: +|á*d*intaú, + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’ | awhile longer | my younger brother | attention | we +must make | he really said + +| Tsiká! + +| O grandfather! + +9 | Watsé-ʇúʞa | ¢iñcí ĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Male animal that touched a foe | the std. to it an. ob. | arrived and +stood | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué! | ɔiñʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñʞa*d*e, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! | child | body | they have none | he was saying that | +he really said | O grandfather! + +| Wakan’ʇa | uɔañ’ʞe | ts’é | watséqi | *d*¢in’ | e¢aú: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | road | to die | difficult | I am | indeed | he really +said | O grandfather! + +12 | Wakan’ʇa | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞiʞíe añka: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying to him what +precedes | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢acé tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’, | cŭnta, | wisuñ’ʞa, | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tá*d*etsé: +|á*d*intaú, + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’ | awhile longer | my younger brother | attention | we +must make | he really said + +| Tsiká! + +| O grandfather! + +15 | Wá*d*aha | ¢iñkcĕ’ʇsi| hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Bier | to the st. an. ob. | arrived and stood | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñʞa*d*e, | éʞi añka: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! |child | body |they have none | he was saying that | +he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wakan’ʇa | uɔañ’ʞe | ts’é | watséqi | *d*¢in’ | e¢aú: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | road | to die | difficult | I am | indeed | he really +said | O grandfather! + +18 | Wakan’ʇa | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞiʞíe añka: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying to him what +precedes | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢acé tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +20 | Káxe-wáhü-san’, | cŭnta, | wisuñ’ʞa, | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tá*d*etsé: +|á*d*intaú, + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’ | awhile longer | my younger brother | attention | we +must make | he really said + +| Tsiká! + +| O grandfather! + +| ʇaɥ’pa | ¢iñcĕ’ʇsi | hi’ nacin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Circle | to the st. an. ob. | arrived and stood | he really said |O +grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | éʞi añka: | +á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! |child | body |they have none | he was saying that | +he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wakan’ʇa | uɔañ’ʞe | ts’é | watséqi | *d*¢in’ | e¢aú: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | road | to die | difficult | I am | indeed | he really +said | O grandfather! + +24 | Wakan’ʇa | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞiʞíe añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying to him what +precedes | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’, | cŭnta, | wisuñ’ʞa, | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tá*d*etsé: + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’ | awhile longer | my younger brother | attention | we +must make + +| á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| he really said | O grandfather! + +27 | Mikák’ĕ | han’*d*a-ʇan | ¢iñkcí | é’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Star | by day | the st. an. ob. | at it | arrived and stood | he really +said |O grandfather! + +| Há, | wítsiʞué! | ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñʞa*d*e, | éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandfather! |child | body |they have none | he was saying that | +he really said |O grandfather! + +| Wakan’ʇa | uɔañ’ʞe | ts’é | watséqi | *d*¢in’ | e¢aú: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Mysterious one | road | to die | difficult | I am | indeed | he really +said | O grandfather! + +30 | Wakan’ʇa | ʞána | *d*¢in-máɔĭ, | éʞiʞíe añka: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| O mysterious one | that only |I am I-not | he was saying to him what +precedes | he really said |O grandfather! + +| Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e¢a¢é tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Awhile longer | you shall attend to it | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’, | cŭnta, | wisŭñ’ʞa, | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tá*d*etsé: +|á*d*intaú, + +| Káxe-wáhü-san’ | awhile longer | my younger brother | attention | we +must make | he really said + +| Tsiká! + +| O grandfather! + +33 | Waɔiñʞa | cü’ʇse | ¢iñkcĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Bird | red| | to the st. an. ob. | arrived and stood | he really said |O +grandfather! + +| Há, | iɥʞú! | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | grandmother! | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñʞa*d*e, | éʞi añka: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | body |they have none | he was saying that | he really said |O +grandfather! + +(Here some lines are wanting. See the other version for the appeal to the +Red Bird and her reply. ) + +36 | Han’*d*a | maɔan’ | u¢áʞ¢in | ¢iñkcĕ’ʇsi | hi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Day | land | good | at the st. an. ob. | arrived and stood | he really +said | O grandfather! + +| Máxe | úʞawin’xe | ʇú*d*a } ¢iñkcé ĕ’ʇsi | anníɥk‘ăcin’ʞa: | á*d*intaú, +| Tsiká! + +| Upper world | gyration | four | the cv. in. ob. | there | we were people +| he really said | O grandfather! + +38 | Anníɥk‘ăcin’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | añkíi¢a-*d*áɔĭ: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| We were people | body | we did not find for ourselves | he really said | +O grandfather! + +| Máxe | úʞawin’xe | wé¢ún*d*a | ĕ’ʇsi | antsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Upper world | gyration | the second | there | they arrived and stood | +he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ĕ’ʇsi | anníɥk‘ăcinʞa-*d*áɔĭ: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| There | we were not human beings | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Máxe | úʞawin’xe | wé¢a*d*¢in | ĕ’ʇsi | antsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Upper world | gyration | the third | there | they arrived and stood | he +really said | O grandfather! + +42 | Ĕ’ʇsi | anníɥk‘ăcin’ʞa-*d*áɔĭ: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| There | we were not human beings | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Máxe | úʞawin’xe | wéʇu*d*a | ĕ’ʇsi | antsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Upper world | gyration | the fourth | there | they arrived and stood | +he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔansan’ | antsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Sycamore | they came and stood (on) | he really said | O grandfather! + +45 | Maɔan’ | utañ’ʞa | ¢iñkcé | ĕ’ʇsi | antsi’ naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Harvest time | the | there | they arrived and stood | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Há, | wísŭñʞaé! | níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa | win’ | siʞ¢á*d*e tsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother! | person | one | has left a trail | he really said +| O grandfather! + +| Há, | wíɔin¢é! | níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa | siʞ¢á*d*e tsé: | éca*d*i’-na, | +níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa + +| Ho | elder brother! | person | has left a trail | you have said | person + +|¢íakqá | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| this is he | he really said | O grandfather! + +48 | Há, | wíɔin¢é!(21) | Hañ’ʞa | ɔiñ’ʞa | *d*¢in’ | e¢aú | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Ho | elder brother! | Hañ’ʞa | young | I am | indeed | he really said | +O grandfather! + +| Há, | wísŭñʞaé! | níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa | win’ | siʞ¢á*d*e tsé: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Ho | younger brother! | person | one | has left a trail | he really said +| O grandfather! + +| Há, | wíɔin¢é! | níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa | siʞ¢á*d*e tsé: | éca*d*i’-na, | +níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa + +| Ho | elder brother! | person | has left a trail | you have said | person + +|¢íakqá | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| this is he | he really said | O grandfather! + +51 | Há, | wíɔin¢é! | Waɔáɔe | *d*¢in’ | e¢aú | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | elder brother! | Osage | I am | indeed | he really said | O +grandfather! + +| Hañ’ʞa | anníɥk‘ăcin’ʞa tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Hañ’ʞa | we shall be people | he really said O grandfather! + +| Níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa | ʇ‘u*d*a | siʞ¢á*d*e tsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| People | some | left a trail | he really said | O grandfather! + +54 | Hañ’ʞa | utá¢anʇse tsí | iɥtá*d*e, | é | e¢aú: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Hañ’ʞa | apart from the rest | lodge | theirs | that | indeed | he +really said | O grandfather! + +| Há, | níɥk‘ăcin’ʞa | ʇ‘ú*d*a | tsi’ añká | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Ho | persons | some | have come | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Tsíɔu | Wátsetsi | iʇá*d*e | tsi’ añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Tsíɔu | Wátsetsi | also | have come | he really said | O grandfather! + +57 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | uwáqta | e¢éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | what is good for them | they decided (?) | he really said | O +grandfather! + +58 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ʞíwatañ’ʞa | man¢in tatsé, | e¢éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | being chiefs over them | they two shall walk | they decided (?) +| he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | íts’e ¢iñʞé | man¢in tatsé, | e¢éʞi añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | without cause of death | they two shall walk | they decided (?) +| he really said | O grandfather! + +60 | Ɔiñ’ʞa | uʞístu | ĕ’ʇsí ¢iñʞcé tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Child | assembly | there it shall be | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | uníɥk‘ăcn’ʞa | tá*d*e | maɔan’ | u¢áʞiʇse tatsé, | á*d*intaú, | +Tsiká! + +| Child | to become men in | in order that | land | you two shall seek you +| he really said | O grandfather! + +| Ɔiñ’ʞa | uníɥk‘ăcn’ʞa | tá*d*e-ʇan’ | maɔan’ | ĕʇsi ¢iñkcé | ʞáxe añká: + +| Child | to become men in | in order that | land | it is there | they +have made + +| á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| he really said | O grandfather! + +63 | Ɔá*d*e(22) | min’ʞa | ¢é-na | ĕ’ʇsi | kan’ha | hí ʞ¢in añká: | +á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + +| Beaver | female animal | the mv. an. obs. in the past | there | border | +reached and was sitting | he really said | O grandfather! + +| Tsíhe | ɔiñ’ʞa + +| Lodge | small + + _Translation._ + +1 "O younger brother! we must see what can be done to make human beings +of the children." +The Black Bear came to them and stood. +3 He went to the mysterious one of day, saying, +"Ho, grandfather! the children have no bodies." +He replied, "I have an everlasting road (in which I must keep); +6 I am not the only mysterious one; +You must still seek for help." +(On reporting to the leader, the latter said,) +"O Kaxe-wahü-san, my younger brother! we must still see what can be +done." +9 So the Black Bear went to the star "Watse-ʇuʞa, saying, +"Ho, grandfather! the children have no bodies." +He replied, "I have an everlasting road (in which I must keep); +12 "I am not the only mysterious one; +"You must still seek for help." +(On reporting to the leader, the latter said), +"O Kaxe-wahü-san, my younger brother! we must still see what can be +done." +15 So the Black Bear went to the Bowl of the Great Dipper, saying, +"O grandfather! the children have no bodies!" +He replied, "I have an everlasting road (in which I must keep); +18 "I am not the only mysterious one; +"You must still seek for help." +(On reporting to the leader, the latter said), +"O Kaxe-wahü-san, my younger brother! we must still see what can be +done." +21 Then he went to the Seven Stars, saying, +"Ho, grandfather! the children have no bodies." +He replied, "I have an everlasting road (in which I must keep); +24 "I am not the only mysterious one; +"You must still seek for help." +(On reporting this to the leader, the latter said), +26 "O Kaxe-wahü-san, my younger brother! we must still see what can be +done." +So he went to the Morning Star, saying, +"Ho, grandfather! the children have no bodies." +He replied, "I have an everlasting road (in which I must keep); +30 "I am not the only mysterious one; +"You must still seek for help." +(On reporting this to the leader, the latter said), +" O Kaxe-wahü-san, my younger brother! we must still see what can be +done." +33 So he went to the Red Bird, who was sitting (on her nest), saying, +"Ho, grandmother! +The children have no bodies." +* * * * * +36 They went to the good land of day. +In four revolutions or gyrations of the upper worlds, we became human +beings. +Though we were human beings, we did not find bodies. +39 They arrived at the second revolution of the upper worlds. +There we were not (complete) human beings. +They arrived at the third revolution of the upper worlds. +42 There we were not (complete) human beings. +They arrived at the fourth revolution of the upper worlds +They stood on a sycamore tree. +45 They stood there at harvest time. +"Ho, younger brother! a man has left a trail." +"Ho, elder brother!" said the Black Bear; "you have said that a man has +left a trail. +"This is the man." +48 "Ho, elder brother!" (said the stranger) "I am Young Hañʞa." +[Tsiɔu.] "Ho, younger brother! a man has left a trail." +[Black Bear.] "Ho, elder brother! you have said that a man has left a +trail. +"This is the man." +51 "Ho, elder brother!" (said the stranger) "I am Osage. +"We shall be Hañʞa people." +Some people left a trail. +54 Those were the lodges of the Hañʞa uta¢anʇse. +(The Hañʞa uta¢anʇse leader said) +"Ho! some persons have come. +"Tsiɔu and Watsetsi have come." +57 They thought of what was good for the children. +They decided that the two should continue as chiefs for the children. +They decided that the two should continue without anything that would be +fatal to the children. (And they said) +60 "There shall be an assembly of the children. +"You two shall seek a land in which the children may become men." +They two arranged for the location of a land in order that the children +might become men in it. +63 The Female Beaver, who had been traveling, came to the confines of the +village (of the Hañʞa uta¢anʇse?) +(She made?) a small lodge (for herself?). + +Good Voice, of the Mink’in gens, knew the history of the Female Beaver, +but he failed to keep his promise to dictate it to the author. + + + + + +CONCLUDING REMARKS. + + +An Osage said to the author: "We do not believe that our ancestors were +really animals, birds, &c., as told in the traditions. These things are +only wa-wi’-ku-ska’-ye [symbols] of something higher." On saying this he +pointed to the sky. + +Apart from such traditions or myths, it is found that even the taboos and +the names of the gentes, subgentes, phratries, and persons are objects of +mysterious reverence among many, if not all, of the Siouan tribes. Such +names are never used in ordinary conversation. This is especially the case +in tribes where the secret society continues in all its power, as among +the Osage, the Ponka, and the Kansa. When the author was questioning these +Indians he was obliged to proceed very cautiously in order to obtain +information of this character, which was not communicated till they +learned about his acquaintance with some of the myths. When several Dakota +delegations visited Washington he called on them and had little trouble in +learning the names of their gentes, their order in the camping circle, +&c., provided the interpreters were absent. During his visit to the Omaha, +from 1878 to 1880, he did not find them very reticent in furnishing him +with such information, though he was generally referred to the principal +chief of each gens as the best authority for the names in his own +division. But he found it very difficult to induce any of them to admit +that the gentes had subdivisions, which were probably the original gentes. +It was not till 1880, and after questioning many, that by the merest +accident he obtained the clew from the keeper of a sacred pipe. + +The Iowa, who have these social divisions and personal names of mythic +significance, also have sacred songs, but these are in the Winnebago +language. It is probable that they are the property of a secret order, as +they, too, show how some of the gentes descended as birds from the upper +world. The names of the Winnebago gentes and of some members of the tribe +have been recorded by the author, who has also learned parts of their +traditions. He infers that their secret society has not been abolished. + +When a man of the Kansa tribe observed that the author had an inkling of +the matter he related part of the tradition of that tribe, explaining the +origin of the names and the taboos of several Kansa gentes. The ancestors +of these gentes were spoken of as birds which descended from an upper +world. The phratries in that tribe, the "Wa-yŭn min-’dŭn," or "(Those who) +sing together," refer to mystic songs and strengthen the view that the +secret society exists among these Indians. Several members of the tribe +have positively stated its existence. + +As one phratry is composed of the two gentes, Large and Small Hañka, that +have the sole right to sing the war songs, time may show that these songs, +which, with their chart of pictographs(23), are used by the Osage, are +substantially those of the seventh degree in the Osage society. This is +rendered the more probable by the fact that the Kansa have grouped their +gentes in seven phratries, just the number of the degrees in the society. +And this arrangement by sevens is the rule among Osage, Kansa, Ponka, +Omaha, and Dakota, though there are apparent exceptions. + +Further investigation may tend to confirm the supposition that in any +tribe which has mythic names for its members and its social divisions (as +among the Osage, Kansa, Quapaw, Omaha, Ponka, Iowa, Oto, Missouri, Tutelo, +and Winnebago), or in one which has mythic names only for its members and +local or other names for its social divisions (as among the Dakota, +Assiniboin, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Crow), there are now or there have been +secret societies or "The Mysteries." + + + + + + +FOOTNOTES + + + 1 The sound of this inverted ṵ, between o and u, as well as the sounds + of other letters used in this article, except that of the inverted ɥ + (which is a sound approximating ch in the German word ich), is to be + found on page 206, Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. + + 2 It is probable, however, that the Panɥka (Ponka) man began with the + stick at the east, as he must use the right hand and foot first. + + 3 Meaning uncertain; it may refer to the female or doe. + + 4 See "Omaha Sociology," §§ 14-16, 19, 28, 33, 34, 36, 56, 143, + 248-258, and passim, in Third Annual Report of the Director of the + Bureau of Ethnology. + + 5 The literal rendering of the title is "Growth told. Tsíɔu Peacemaker + theirs." This may be translated freely by "Revelations of the elders + of the Red Eagle gens." + + 6 Ɔiñ’ʞa weháʞi¢e, "The first end of the children" or "The beginning + of the race." This reckoning was backward. The Ponka have a similar + usage: uhañge, _an end_; uhañge pahañga tĕ, _the first end_ or + _beginning_. Ádintaú, formed by crasis from a*d*e and intau, may + refer to the words of the old men who have handed down these + traditions. Tsiká is unintelligible to the younger Osage of the + present day. One man told the author that he thought it meant, "O + grandfather," being addressed to the principal Wakanʇa. He said that + it was substituted for another name of that being. + + 7 The chorus or refrain at the end of each line is omitted in the free + translation, as it would make confusion. If retained, the first four + lines would read thus: + + The first of the race: he really said, O grandfather! + + He was saying, "Ho, younger brother! the children have no bodies": + he really said, O grandfather! + + "We shall seek bodies for our children": he really said, O + grandfather! + + "Ho, younger brother! you shall attend to it": he really said, O + grandfather! + + 8 Éʞi añká refers to the preceding words, which were those of one of + the mythic speakers. He was an ancestor of the Tsíɔu gens. Here he + addressed his younger brother. At this time the brothers were + destitute of human souls and bodies, though they possessed conscious + existence and could talk, as well as move about from place to place. + + 9 See the lowest horizontal line on the left side of the chart. + + 10 Nikacíʞa-dáɔĭ. Another reading is níkacíʞaqtsi-dáɔĭ: _they were not + complete human beings_. + + 11 A different reading of lines 17 to 25 is as follows: + + Máxe úsakí*d*a | ʇú*d*a | níkacíʞa¢á*d*e: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + + Parallel upper worlds | four | they were made human beings | he + really said | O grandfather! + + Cŭn’ŭnckíta | é | e¢á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + + Awhile | he said | indeed, he really said | O grandfather! + + Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa | wa¢iñ’ʞa*d*e, | é añká: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + + Child | body | they have none | he was saying | he really said | O + grandfather! + + Há, | wisŭñ’ʞa! | é | e¢á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + + Ho | younger brother! | he said | indeed, he really said | O + grandfather! + + Úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tatsé: á*d*intaú, Tsiká! + + Attention | we shall make | he really said | O grandfather! + + Máxe úsakí*d*a | ¢a*d*¢in | ĕ’ʇsi | antsí naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | + Tsiká! + + Parallel upper worlds | three | there | they (?) came and stood | he + really said | O grandfather! + + | Ɔiñ’ʞa | ɔuíʞa-*d*ácĭ | é | e¢á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + + | Child | had no bodies | he said | indeed, he really said | O + grandfather! + + | Cŭn’ŭnckíta | úʇan*d*e | añʞáxe tatsé: | á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + + | Awhile longer | attention | we shall make | he really said | O + grandfather! + + | Máxe úsakí*d*a | ¢ŭn’*d*a | ĕ’ʇsi | antsí naɔin’: | á*d*intaú, | + Tsiká! + + | Parallel upper worlds | two | there | they (?) came this way and + stood | he really said | O grandfather! + + _Translation._ + + At the fourth upper world they were made human beings. + + "Still," said he (the elder brother?), indeed he really said, + + "The children have no bodies. + + "Ho, younger brother! + + "We must give this matter our attention." + + They came to the third upper world. + + "The children have no bodies." + + "Still must we give this our attention," said one. + + They came to the second upper world. (From this line on there is no + variation from what has been given above.) + + 12 Here they obtained human souls, though they were in the bodies of + birds. See the bird hovering above the four upper worlds in the + chart. Then began the descent to this earth. + + 13 Why the Black Bear was called Káxe-wáhü-san was not explained to the + author. + + 14 Cáʞe | ʇsüʇsean’ ¢akcí¢ĕ &c. _You shall take me for your servant_; + literally, _You shall walk, causing me to burn my feet_; that is, + _You shall make me go through fire and water for you_. + + 15 Wátse-ʇúʞa-na. ʇuʞa shows that the star was regarded as a male + _animal_, just as min’ʞa, in line 43, denotes that the next star was + a female _animal_, not a female of the human race. As they were + called "grandfather" and "grandmother," they were looked upon as + supernatural beings or gods. So were all of the heavenly bodies to + whom the Black Bear applied. + + 16 Ɔiñ’ʞa ɔuíʞa miñkcé ¢an’tse, a phrase that puzzles the writer, who + suspects that an auxiliary verb has been omitted and that the whole + should read: "Ɔiñʞa ɔuiʞa-wikci¢e miñkcé ¢an’tse? ( _Can I give you + bodies for the children_?) No! You must still make attempts to + obtain them elsewhere." + + 17 Wákanʇá ʞána *d*¢in-máɔĭ, _I am not the only mysterious one_ (apply + to some one of the rest). + + 18 Mikák’ĕ pé¢ŭ*d*a, sometimes called "Mikák’ĕ u*d*átse pé¢ŭn*d*a," the + Seven Gentes of Stars. Could this have any connection with the use + of the number 7 as the number of the Tsiɔu, Waɔaɔe, and Hañʞa + gentes? + + 19 ʞahiʞe-waʇayiñʞa, of this gens, gave the following as another + reading: + + Ɔiñ’ʞa | níkacíʞa | ¢iñʞé-eʇan’, | cu*d*¢é | e¢aú, | wítsiʞué! | + á*d*intaú, | Tsiká! + + Child | human beings | none as | I go to you | indeed | O + grandfather! | he really said | O grandfather! + + _Translation_. + + As the children are not human beings, I go to you, O grandfather! + + 20 This fragment of the tradition of the Bald Eagle subgens of the + Tsiɔu wactaʞe gens was told by Pahü-skă, the chief, to Ha*d*a-ɔüʇse, + who related it to the writer on the following day. + + Ha*d*a-ɔüʇse, told some of the tradition first in English, but on + chanting it in Osage he did not give all; so the former account is + now given in these notes: "When the ancestors of the Bald Eagle + people came to this earth they alighted on a sycamore tree, as all + of the surrounding country was under water. This water was dried up + by the ancestors of the Elk people, according to the tradition of + the Ṵpqan or Elk gens; but this is disputed by the members of the + I*d*ats’ĕ gens, who are Kansa or Wind people. They say that their + ancestors blew on the water, drying it up and causing the growth of + vegetation. As soon as the water was gone the Bald Eagle people + alighted on the ground. Then they met the Black Bear, who offered to + become the servant of the Tsiɔu wactaʞe people. So he was sent to + "Watse-ʇuʞa, who was a red star; then to Watse-minʞa, a star near + the Morning Star; then to the Sun, Moon, and Seven Stars. As the + people journeyed, the Black Bear said to the Tsiɔu leader, ’Brother, + I see a man’s trail. Here is the man.’ The stranger said, ’I am a + young Hañʞa. I am fit for work.’ So they took him with them. Then + they saw another trail, of which the Black Bear spoke to the Tsíɔu + leader. They overtook the man, who was Hañʞaqtsi or Real Hañʞa. By + and by they reached the village of the Hañʞa uta¢anʇse. They entered + the village and made peace with the inhabitants. Then the leader of + the Hañʞa uta¢anʇse said, ’We have some people come to us, and we + will make them our chiefs.’ So the two wactaʞe were made chiefs. The + wactaʞe were then sent to search for a land where they might dwell, + as the village of the Hañʞa uta¢anʇse was filthy and offensive on + account of the dead bodies in and around it. This council was the + first one of the whole nation. The two wactaʞe went out as mourners + for seven days. The Hañʞa wactaʞe (Panɥka = Ponka) came back first, + saying, ’I have found a place.’ Afterwards the Tsiɔu wactaʞe + returned and reported. The council was held again to decide to which + place they would go. They agreed to settle at the place visited by + the Tsiɔu wactaʞe. Then four standards were made by members of the + Waɔaɔe (wanŭn gens, two for each side of the tribe. These were the + standards made of minxa ha (swan or goose skins), and they were + carried on the hunting road as well as on the war path. But the + otter skin standards were always retained by the Waɔaɔe gens." + + On comparing this version with that of Sa*d*eki¢e we notice that in + one or the other a transposition of some parts has been made. In + this latter tradition the appeals to the heavenly bodies and to the + Red Bird were made before the journey to the four revolutions of the + upper worlds. + + 21 Here is where the two roads begin. + + 22 At this point begins the account of the Female Beaver. She was an + ancestor of the Osage, according to a statement published in Long’s + Expedition to the Rocky Mountains. + + 23 See the author’s paper in the American Naturalist for 1885, entitled + "Kansas mourning and war customs," with which was published part of + the chart mentioned above. + + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OSAGE TRADITIONS*** + + + +CREDITS + + +October 4, 2006 + + Posted to Project Gutenberg + PM for Bureau of American Ethnology, + Joshua Hutchinson and + The Online Distributed Proofreading Team + (This file was produced from images generously made available + by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at + http://gallica.bnf.fr) + + + +A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG + + +This file should be named 19464-0.txt or 19464-0.zip. + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + + + http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/9/4/6/19464/ + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one — the old editions will be +renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one +owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and +you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission +and without paying copyright royalties. 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