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diff --git a/19799-h/19799-h.htm b/19799-h/19799-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd00a2f --- /dev/null +++ b/19799-h/19799-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,829 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Rural Motor Express, by US Government; Highway Transport Committee; Council of National Defense + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: .5em; + } + h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + margin-top: 1.5em; + margin-bottom: .5em; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .openquot {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + text-indent: 1em; + font-style: italic;} + + .padding {padding-bottom: 2em; padding-top: 2em;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Rural Motor Express, by US Government + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Rural Motor Express + Highway Transport Commitee Council of National Defence, Bulletins No. 2 + +Author: US Government + +Release Date: November 13, 2006 [EBook #19799] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RURAL MOTOR EXPRESS *** + + + + +Produced by Jessica Gockley, Jason Isbell, Bruce Albrecht, +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div style="background-color: #EEE; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em;"> +<p class="center"><b>Transcriber’s Note</b></p> + +<p>One obvious typographical error ("poulation" for "population") was +corrected, but the remainder of the text was left as originally printed.</p> +</div> + + +<div class="figleft">BULLETIN NO. 2</div> +<div class="figright">MAY, 1918</div> + +<div class="padding"><h1>THE RURAL MOTOR EXPRESS</h1> + +<h4>TO CONSERVE FOODSTUFFS AND LABOR AND<br/> +TO SUPPLY RURAL TRANSPORTATION</h4></div> + +<div class="padding"><h2>HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT COMMITTEE</h2> +<h3>COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE</h3> +<h4>WASHINGTON, D. C.</h4></div> + +<div class="padding"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;"> +<img src="./images/emblem.jpg" width="150" height="150" alt="EMBLEM." title="" /> +</div></div> + +<div class="padding"><h5>RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE.</h5> + +<div class="openquot"><p>"The Council of National Defense approves the widest possible use of the +motor truck as a transportation agency, and requests the State Councils of +Defense and other State authorities to take all necessary steps to facilitate +such means of transportation, removing any regulations that tend to restrict +and discourage such use."</p></div></div> + +<div class="padding"><h5>WASHINGTON<br/> +GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE<br/> +1918</h5></div> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE.</h3> + +<h4>HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT COMMITTEE.</h4> + +<h5>WASHINGTON, D. C.</h5> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h1><a name="RURAL_MOTOR_EXPRESS" id="RURAL_MOTOR_EXPRESS"></a>THE RURAL MOTOR EXPRESS.</h1> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>The transportation burden on the railroads and highways of the +country has been tremendously increased by the war. There is a +larger load to be carried, of manufactured goods, raw materials, and +foodstuffs. Not only has production of manufactures, raw materials, +and farm products increased, but it is now necessary to transport a +much larger proportion of these goods over long distances.</p> + +<p>The burden is further increased by the fact that we have removed +across the sea, 3,000 miles away, a considerable part of our population, +which must be provisioned and maintained. These men were +in our Army camps last winter. This year there are other men in +these camps, and we must handle goods and foodstuffs not only to +these 30 new cities but to a great population 3,000 miles away.</p> + +<p>It is absolutely necessary to utilize our facilities to the maximum +and to extend the use of the highways by the more efficient use of +motor vehicles which can operate independent of fixed lines or terminals +where congestion of traffic is likely to occur. The motor +truck can help the railroad by reducing the short-haul load, and +also act as a feeder line in sections far removed from market.</p> + +<p>Added to the increased loads of goods to be transported is the +fact that man power must be conserved. Heretofore the farmer +has done his own hauling to market, but adoption of the rural motor +express will enable him to delegate his hauling and to devote his own +time to farm operations. An enormous waste of time and labor of +both men and teams can be prevented by consolidating the small +loads from a number of farms into a single load to be carried by a +motor truck.</p> + +<p>In many localities local food supplies are in need of development. +A better use must be made of agricultural lands in the immediate +vicinity of population centers. It improves the business of the +local community and adds to the total food supply of the country. +The improvement of marketing facilities through the opening of +regular daily traffic to market centers and shipping points is a +most effective agency in encouraging food production.</p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p> +<p>We have, therefore, three outstanding facts that demand especial +attention be given to the increased use of the highways for rural +transportation:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1. The increased volume of foodstuffs to be hauled.</p> + +<p>2. The need for more labor on farms.</p> + +<p>3. The need to encourage local food production.</p></div> + + +<h2><b>The Purpose of Rural Motor Express.</b></h2> + +<p>The motor truck has demonstrated its adaptability to the hauling +of farm products. It is dependable wherever the roads are capable +of carrying its load. The use of the motor truck for farm transport +is growing rapidly and in the vicinity of many cities regular routes +are now maintained. The purpose of the organization of rural +express on a national scale is to bring to agricultural communities +throughout the country an understanding of the greater benefits to +be derived from regular daily service over the main highways from +farm to city and from city to farm.</p> + +<p>By "Rural Motor Express" is meant the use of the motor truck +in regular daily service, over a fixed route, with a definite schedule +of stops and charges, gathering farm produce, milk, live stock, eggs, +etc., and delivering them to the city dealer and on the return trip +carrying merchandise, machinery, supplies, etc., for farmers and +others along the route. This service amounts to a collection and +delivery that comes to the farmer's door with the same regularity +that the trolley car passes over its tracks.</p> + + +<h2><b>The Plan of Organization.</b></h2> + +<p>The Council of National Defense adopted the following resolution +on March 14, 1918:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Council of National Defense approves the widest possible use of the +motor truck as a transportation agency, and requests the State Council of +Defense and other State authorities to take all necessary steps to facilitate +such means of transportation, removing any regulations that tend to restrict +and discourage such use.</p></div> + +<p>The highways transport committee of the Council of National Defense +is charged to carry out the purpose of this resolution. The +several State councils of defense have been asked to appoint highways +transport committees, or to delegate the organization of rural +express to some committee which will have charge of the development +of the work within the State. These State committees will in +turn further the work through local organizations.</p> + + +<h2><b>Indorsements of Rural Express.</b></h2> + +<p>The Council of National Defense approved the widest possible use +of the motor truck in its resolution of March 14, 1918.</p> + +<p>The Post Office Department has demonstrated the value of motor-truck +transportation through experimental lines of parcel-post +trucks now in operation in several of the Eastern States.</p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p><h2><b>The Need.</b></h2> + +<p>The United States Food Administration has approved the plan +in the following statement by the Food Administrator:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The development of the rural motor express idea, in my opinion, is in the +line of progress and should redound to the benefit of the producer, the consumer, +and the railroads. This means of transportation should facilitate delivery, +conserve labor, conserve foodstuffs, and should effect delivery of food in +better condition.</p></div> + +<p>The United States Department of Agriculture through its bureau +of markets has inaugurated an investigation of the efficiency of +motor-truck transportation in the marketing of farm produce.</p> + +<p>The United States Department of Labor through its employment +service urges the adoption of motor-truck transportation facilities +in order to conserve the time of men in farming neighborhoods +during the period of planting, cultivation, and harvest, so as to +relieve the farm labor shortage.</p> + +<p>The preliminary surveys by the highways transport committee in +sections of Maryland and Virginia have shown that farmers and merchants +enthusiastically indorse the plan and wherever rural motor +express lines have been properly developed they have received the +support of the communities which they serve.</p> + + +<h2><b>Present Development of Rural Express.</b></h2> + +<p>The rural express is in successful operation in the vicinity of many +of the larger cities. The development of this system of transportation +has been particularly rapid in Maryland and a survey of existing +routes in this State has been made by the highways transport +committee and shows the general possibilities of the idea.</p> + +<p>A detailed survey was made of 22 routes, leading from agricultural +sections into Baltimore, Md., and Washington, D. C. On these routes +30 trucks were found in operation; the total capacity of these trucks +was 73 tons; the mileage traversed daily was 1,574 miles; the average +length of the routes was about 50 miles for the round trip. Most of +these routes are operated by truck owners living at the outer terminal, +making daily round trips into the marketing center. Many of these +routes are operated by farmers who first learned the advantages of +motor-truck transportation by using trucks for their individual needs.</p> + +<p>These lines have been developed on a sane, practical basis without +any special promotion or encouragement from any state or national +organization. The trucks start at a small town, gather the produce +of farmers and merchants along the road to the city, deliver it at +the market, secure a return load from city merchants, including orders +by farmers, and return to the country terminal, delivering the +orders along the route. These lines have developed chiefly on the +roads of the state road system where the condition of the roads +facilitate the use of trucks. Many farmers living short distances<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +away from the rural express route bring their milk and produce to +a point on this route with horse-drawn buggies and wagons and +these constitute feeders to the lines.</p> + +<p>A preliminary survey for the State of California has been made, +showing an extensive use of motor trucks for passenger, freight, +and express hauling throughout that state. Over 136 separate lines +were found; some traversing routes as long as 125 miles on daily +trips. Large quantities of farm produce are handled, and charges +are made according to published rates. The excellent highways of +California made it possible for these lines to develop rapidly.</p> + +<p>The detailed survey among patrons of a number of these routes +discovers the fact that there are three great economic advantages in +this method of transportation:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1. Food production is stimulated since the regular outlet to market +encourages many farmers to expand production which they would +not be justified in doing if they were obliged to transport their own +produce to market.</p> + +<p>2. Shortage of labor is greatly offset from the fact that the system +leaves the farmer on the farm and his time is not consumed in trips +to market.</p> + +<p>3. There is immediate improvement in the efficiency of the farm +since supplies, machinery, and repairs can be secured promptly from +city distributers of fertilizers and farm machinery.</p></div> + +<p>From the national standpoint these routes aid in several ways:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1. They relieve the railroads of local freight which permits car-load +lot of materials and foodstuffs from distant points to enter +the terminals.</p> + +<p>2. They help to avoid the necessity for local freight embargoes.</p></div> + +<p>The need for the system of carrying goods to market without requiring +men and teams is generally recognized by farmers and +where production of the individual farmer has justified the purchase +of a motor truck, the adoption has been very rapid during the past +few years. On many farms, however, the quantity of production is +not sufficient to justify the investment in a truck by the individual +farmer if he must maintain his teams for farm power. The use +of the rural express with its greater speed enables the farmer to +operate the same or an increased acreage with fewer horses, making +more land available for food production which was previously needed +to grow grain and hay for teams. In many instances, the introduction +of rural express has enabled farmers to engage in the production +of milk which requires daily marketing.</p> + +<p>The rural express greatly aids the country merchants in carrying +more complete stocks of goods; in filling special orders promptly, +and in avoiding temporary shortage of staples due to delayed shipments +or embargoes on the railroad. In many instances the country +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>merchants have reported that their business has been greatly improved +because of the daily delivery service from wholesale centers.</p> + + +<h2><b>Expansion to a National System.</b></h2> + +<p>The success of existing lines of rural express is convincing evidence +that the expansion of the system is an immediate necessity, both for +its value in meeting the present emergency and as a means of permanently +improving rural transportation. What has already developed +becomes an integral part of our national transportation system.</p> + +<p>The present strain on our transportation facilities has emphasized +our need for improved means of internal communication not only +between cities, but also reaching out into every agricultural community.</p> + +<p>The rural motor express is not, however, a development to meet +an emergency only, but rather an expansion of transportation facilities +to meet the growing demands, to bring the consumer in closer +touch with the producer; to relieve the producer of the burden of +marketing his produce and permit him to remain on the land where +his labor is of highest value to the community.</p> + + +<h2><b>The Organization of New Routes.</b></h2> + +<p>The state highways transport committees are organizing local committees +in all communities where there appears to be the need for +improved rural transportation. The local committee first secures co-operation +of the local press and leading organizations interested in +transportation and food supplies. Among the various groups who +might be interested are the following: Chambers of commerce, boards +of trade, merchants' associations, local food administrators, farmers' +clubs, county agricultural agents, dealers in farm implements, feed, +fertilizers, grain, and other farm produce.</p> + +<p>Meetings of the representatives of these organizations are held to +explain the plan of rural express and to make general survey of +local needs. Among the facts that are brought out at such meetings +are the following:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1. Experience of existing motor-truck lines in the locality.</p> + +<p>2. Instances of localities now lacking such facilities.</p> + +<p>3. Conditions of highways in such localities.</p> + +<p>4. Labor shortage among farmers.</p> + +<p>5. Transportation facilities of country merchants from wholesale +centers.</p></div> + +<p>After a general survey of the country or district has been made +the local committee conducts an intensive survey by means of mailed +questionnaires or personal visits among farms and merchants along +route of prospective lines. Lists of names of farmers and merchants +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>are secured through county agricultural agents or their local organizations.</p> + +<p>When the desirability of establishing a new route for a certain +section has been determined the committee proceeds to consult owners +of trucks, farmers, and other private owners to locate a man +to establish the route. Questions of scale of charges, the schedule of +the trips, character of produce to be carried, etc., are worked out by +the committee on the basis of experience of existing lines in the same +community, or other lines which have been surveyed by the state +committee.</p> + +<p>Detailed suggestions on conducting these local surveys, methods of +making surveys through questionnaires, questions concerning roads, +charges, etc., will be furnished by the highways transport committee +of the Council of National Defense through the state committees. +The plan of organization is to adapt the service as perfectly as possible +to local requirements, utilizing at the same time the experience +of communities throughout the country as gathered by state and +national committees.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Rural Motor Express, by US Government + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE RURAL MOTOR EXPRESS *** + +***** This file should be named 19799-h.htm or 19799-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/7/9/19799/ + +Produced by Jessica Gockley, Jason Isbell, Bruce Albrecht, +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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