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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages, by 
John Summerfield

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Title: Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages
       To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words

Author: John Summerfield

Release Date: November 14, 2006 [EBook #19807]
Last Updated: July 22, 2010

Language: English

Character set encoding: ASCII

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GRAMMAR OF THE CHIPPEWAY ***




Produced by Louise Hope, C. J. Lippert, David Starner and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
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[Transcriber's Note:

This is an updated version of an e-text originally produced in November
2006; see end of text for additions and corrections.

The e-text consists of two separately published books:

  _Spellings for the Schools in the Chipeway Language_
  _Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Language_

In the first book (Spellings...), the hyphen - is used to separate
syllables. In the second book (Grammar...) the hyphen seems to
represent the glottal stop.

In the word lists of the first book, the first entry in each column was
sometimes-- but not consistently-- capitalized. This capitalization has
been retained, whether or not the e-text layout replicates the original.

A few punctuation marks in the paradigms and vocabulary lists have been
supplied or regularized. Other errors and anomalies are listed at the
end of the e-text. Bracketed text is in the original unless otherwise
noted.]


       *       *       *       *       *
           *       *       *       *
       *       *       *       *       *


  Spellings for the Schools
    in the
  _CHIPEWAY LANGUAGE._


  Ah-ne-she-nah-pay, Oo-te-ke-too-we-nun;
  Kah-ke-ke-noo-ah-mah-ween-twah e-kewh,
  Ka-nah-wah-pahn-tah-gigk Mah-ze-nah-e-kun.


  YORK, U. CANADA:
  Printed for the Canada Conference Missionary Society.
  1828




  A  B  C  D  E  F  G
  H  I  J  K  L  M  N
  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U
  V  W  X  Y  Z

  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j
  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s
  t  u  v  w  x  y  z &

  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8
  9  0  ,  ;  :  .  ?  !  -




SPELLINGS.

_Words of one Syllable._

  Kah       Neeje     Squahch
  nah       keeje     shwahs
  sah       weeje     quaich
  wah       moose     paske
  keene     koose     kaugk
  neene     noose     mongk
  weene     meezhe    shongk
  meene     peezhe    jeese
  owh       neezhe    aahe
  howh      weezhe    tdush
  ewh       moozhe


_Words of two Syllables accented on the second._

  Ah keh       ah toon      me nick
  ah keeng     e mah        me quom
  ah kik       e kewh       me zeh
  ah mik       e newh       me squeh
  ahn doohm    e qua        me tigk
  ah nungk     I yahdt      nah maih
  ah owh       kah yawsk    ne gigk
  ah pa        ke tahn      ne peh
  ah pweh      ke quis      ne peeng
  ah sin       ke nwazhe    ne sing
  ah tick      mah quah


_Words of two Syllables, accented on the second._

  Ne sweh         oo ninje        qui yuck
  oo chawzhe      oon taus        shing quawk
  oo kaudt        oo pin          shing koub
  oo kowh         oo saum         shing kaugk
  oo kun          Oo zidt         tah zheh
  oo mah          oo skonzhe      te pigk
  oo nick         oo taih         wah zhusk


_Words of two syllables accented on the 1st & 2nd._

  Ah zheh      ke kooh      me kaunce
  a shkum      ke zhick     me nance
  a sance      ke zis       me quaich
  a squach     ki ya        me quon
  a tah        koo koosh    me tdush
  a yaudt      mah che      me owh
  a zheh       mah kuk      me zhusk
  che mon      mah mick     nah nindt
  che pywh     mah noo      na kowh
  kah che      mahn tdah    na yaub
  ka kate      ma quah      ne win
  ka gooh      me chim      ning kah
  ke kah       me kun


_Words of three syllables accented on the 1st & 2nd._

  noo sa        poo neh       wa quain
  noo tdin      se peh        wau poose
  noo tding     sah keh       we kah
  noong koom    sau kie       we nin
  oo jee        she shebe     we yause
  pah mah       tain ta       we pidt
  pa kah        wa nain       ween sah
  pe toon


_Words of three Syllables, accented on the second and third._

  Ah je chaugk      ah zhoo gun       nah kah mooh
  ah kah mingk      a me quahn        ne zhe kaih
  ah neen teh       a yah chick       oo me meh
  ah ne moosh       a yah yun         oo nah kun
  ah ne peesh       a zhah yun        oo ne shkaudt
  ah noo kee        ka yah peh        oo que son
  ah pa kish        mah ke sin        oon tah shahn
  ah quing koos     mah ne toonce     oo ske zhick
  ah she kun        mah ne toosh      oo se tongk
  ah wah kahn       mah ske moodt     pe je nuck
  ah wa seeh        me ke seh         shah wain tung
  ah yah pa         me sah owh        shah wa nim


_Words of three Syllables, accented on the second and half accent
  on the third._

  E nah shka       mah noo min      me she nuck
  e qua sance      me quain tun     me tig koonce
  e shkoo ta       me sah poose     mun tah min
  ke na pigk       me she min       nah ma koos
  ke noo zhai      me she kaih      nah ma pin


_Words of three Syllables accented on the first and third._

  Pah ke tin
  wau be gun
  wau bah maudt
  wau be min


_Words of three syllables accented on the last._

  Ah nah quodt      ke she kuck       pe pah kim
  e we te           ko se non         pe she keh
  ing koo che       me nah wah        sah ke maih
  ing koo twaus     me ne zis         sah ke toodt
  ish pe ming       me ze saih        se wah quahn
  ka ah koo         moo koo mon       shah kah nosh
  kah kah keh       mun ne too        shong qua sheh
  kah nah ka        mun ne toogk      shoo ne yah
  kah ke nick       nah koo shah      tah be schooch
  kah ke nah        nah too way       tah que shin
  kah shah kance    neen ah windt     ta pain tungk
  kah sah meh       ne se tum         ta pwa tungk
  kah moo keede     ning ke che       tain ta seh
  kah we kah        noo se non        wah ne toodt
  ka ka keh         nowh ah quay      wah wah noon
  ka koo weene      oo che pway       wa koo nain
  ka ke quait       oo ke mah         wa wa neh
  ke me wun         oo me squeem      weje e shin
  ke nah wah        pah pah say       wig ke waum
  ke ke che         pe me zeh         we nah wah
  ke she kudt       pe na sheeh       we wah quahn


_Words of four syllables, accented on the second and fourth._

  Ah chit ah mooh       oo mah kah keh
  ah kuck koo jeesh     oo mong ke zheh
  ah sun ah kooh        oo tah pe nick
  ah wah se seh         oo tah pe nun
  e nah pe yook         oo ta e min
  ke pah e kun          oo que se mon
  ke pim oo say         oo wig ke waum
  ke tah e kun          pah ske se gun
  me squah ta seh       she kah kah winzhe
  ne pwah kah win       ta pwa tah wick
  ne wah pah tahn       wah oo na seh
  oo ka yah wis


_Words of four syllables accented on the sixth._

  Ah quah tah sheeh    na pwah kah chick
  ah se ke nauk        pah kah ah quaih
  ah zhah wah maig     too too shah boo
  ain tah che yungk    waug ke koo mon
  ke zhe tah yook      wah wah ska sheh
  maun nah ta nis


_Words of five syllables, a full accent on the last, and half accent
  on the second._

  Ah kin tah soo win      neeng ke te mah kis
  ah nah me ah win        ne skah te se win
  ah ne she nah pay       nin tah wa mah took
  ah quah ne pe sahn      ne te ke koo took
  ah sin ne se kah        oo kah ke qua win
  ke moo te schke win     oo zhe pe e kun
  ke nah we schke win     pah kun te se win
  mah ze nah e kun        pah pah ke wah yahn
  me ne te we nun         shah wa ne te win
  me skoo te se min       sah ke e te win
  me tig quah ke zin      ween tah mah we shin
  mon nain e te win       we too kah we shin
  ne kah ne se took


_Words of five syllables, accented on the first, the third and last._

  Pa zhe go kah zhee
  peen tah kah ta waun
  oo ke mah we win
  oo te ke too win
  she pe koo pah tick
  wah ne squa se win


_Accented on the two first and last._

  Too toosh pim me tay


_Words of six syllables accented on the third and last._

  Kah ke pah te se win
  kah ke qua we ne neh
  kah nah wah pa me shin
  kah nah wa ne me shin
  mah noo min e ka zheeh
  mah kah ta e ne neh
  e she wa pe se win
  ta pwa yain tah moo win


_Accented on the second and last._

  Ke too ke mah me non
  kah ke pah te se win
  na nahn tah we e waidt
  oo mah ze nah e kun
  wah wah pe ko noo jeeh


_Accented on the third and two last._

  ka ke noo ah mah kaidt
  mah che ah ye e wish
  ah koo koo pe nah gun
  ah wah che wun nah gun


_Accented on the 4th and last._

  Ahn e me tah koo zin.


THE LORD'S PRAYER.

_Ke-sha-mun-ne-too Oo-que-son Oo-tah-nu-me-tah-koo-se-win._

Neeng-ke-che noo-se-non, Ish-pe-ming a-yah-yun.
Ka-che-mun-ne-too-we-ne-kah-soo-yun. Ke-ke-che-ke-too-ke-mah-we-win
pe-tah-we-she-nom. A-na-ne-me-wong-kane oo-mah-ke-zhe ah-keeng
ne-kah-e-she-wa-pe-se-min; tah-pe-schooch a-she-wa-buk e-we-ty
Ish-pe-ming. Me-she-she-nom ka-ne-tah-soo ke-she-kuk me-chim
pe-mah-te-se-win. Ki-ya pa-kah-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom
che-sah-ke-che-wa-pe-nah-mah-we-yong mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish,
nah-sahb-e-koo a-she shah-wa-ne-mong-ke-twah oo-kooh
kah-pah-tah-e-yah-me-ke-chik, ki-ya keen e-she-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom.
Ka-goo we-kah ing-koo-chee ah-ne-e-she-we-she-she-kah-kane
che-nah-ne-sah-ne-se-yong; mah-noo sah-koo kah-ke-nah
shah-koo-te-nah-mah-we-she-nom mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish.
Keen-mah-ween ke te-pain-tahn ke-che-oo-ke-mah-we-win,
ki-ya euh ke-che-e-she-wa-pe-se-win, ki-ya euh ah-nah-me-ah-win
ka-che-me-nwa-tah-quok, kah-ke-nik ki-ya kah-ke-nik.--Amen.


GRACE BEFORE MEAT.

Ah-noo-shoo-tah-mah-ka-win, che-pwah-we-se-ningk.

O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too Ish-pe-ming a-yah-yun, Shah-wain-tah-mah-we-she-nom
mahn-tdah me-chim-pe-mah-te-se-win, kah-pah-ke-te-nah-mah-we-yongk;
me-tdush ka-oon-je-mah-skah-we-se-yongk che-ah-noo-ke-tah-koo yun;
me-owh Jesus Christ a-spa-ne-moo-yongk. Amen.


GRACE AFTER MEAT.

Ah-noo-shoo-tah-mah-ka-win, kah-e-squah, we-se-ningk.

O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too, neeng-keche Noo-se-non, me-quaich wa-wa-neh
kah-we-se-ne-yongk noo-koom, ki-ya ain-tah-soo-ke-she-kuck
shah-wain-ne-me-yongk; me-sah-owh Jesus Christ kah-ke-nigk
ka-ah-pa-ne-moo-yongk. Amen.


       *       *       *       *       *
           *       *       *       *
       *       *       *       *       *


  Sketch of Grammar
  of the
  CHIPPEWAY LANGUAGE,

  To Which Is Added a Vocabulary
  of some of the most common Words.

  By JOHN SUMMERFIELD,
  alias,
  SAHGAHJEWAGAHBAHWEH.

  Cazenovia:
  PRESS OF J. F. FAIRCHILD & SON.
  1834.




ADVERTISEMENT.

The following pages were written as an exercise for my leisure hours,
while attending the Oneida Conference Seminary during the past winter.
As it is the first attempt that, to my knowledge, has ever been made to
reduce the Chippeway language to any system, it cannot be expected to be
otherwise than imperfect, and perhaps may hereafter be found to be, in
some respects, erroneous. It is, however, as free from errors as my
present means have enabled me to make it. It has been printed at the
request of my friends, by a fellow student, at his own suggestion and
expense.

J. SUMMERFIELD.

Cazenovia, April 10, 1834.




SKETCH OF GRAMMAR, &c.


The Letters used in the Chippeway Language, are twenty-one, viz.
A, a; B, b; C, c; D, d; E, e; G, g; H, h; I, i; J, j; K, k; M, m; N, n;
O, o; P, p; Q, q; S, s; T, t; U, u; W, w; Y, y; Z, z. F, L, R, V, and X,
are not used.

There are, in the Chippeway Language, ten parts of Speech, namely,
the _article_, the _noun_, the _pronoun_, the _adjective_, the _verb_,
the _participle_, the _adverb_, the _preposition_, the _conjunction_,
and the _interjection_.


OF THE ARTICLE.

There is but one Article, used definitely both in the masculine and
neuter genders, viz. Owh, the, m.; Ewh, the, n.


OF NOUNS.

A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing; as, Eneneh, man;
Kahdahnahqueeng, Kingston; metig, tree.

Nouns are of two sorts, Common and Proper.

Common Nouns stand for kinds containing many sorts, or for sorts
containing many individuals under them; as, Ahwaseeh, animal; eneneh,
man; kegownh, fish; penaseh, bird.

Proper Nouns are the names appropriated to individuals, as, Charles,
Cazenovia, Ganges. [N.B. Proper names, with a few exceptions, are the
same as in English.]

To Nouns belong gender, person, number, and case.

GENDER.

Gender is the distinction of nouns with regard to sex.

Nouns have three genders, the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter.

The masculine gender denotes males; as, Eneneh, man.

The feminine gender is applied to animals, fishes, and birds; as,
Nahbak, a she bear, &c.

The neuter gender denotes things without sex; as, Wewahquon, a hat.

NUMBER.

Number is the distinction of objects as one or more.

Nouns are of two numbers, the singular and the plural.

The singular number implies but one object; as, Mahzenahegun, a book.

The plural number implies more than one; as, Mahzhenahegahnun, books.

CASE.

Nouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and the
objective.

The nominative case simply expresses the name of a thing, &c.;
as, Owh quewesanceoobahkahmegezeh, the boy plays.

The possessive case expresses the relation of property or possession,
and always ends with the letter _o_; as, Noosayo wegewaum, my father's
house.

The objective case expresses the object of an action or of relation;
as John owejeahn Charles, John assists Charles.

Nouns may be declined in the following manner:

                   Singular.          Plural.
  _Nom. Case_,     Eneneh, man.       Enenewug, men.
  _Poss. Case_,    Eneneho, man's.    Enenewugo, men's.
  _Obj. Case_,     Eneneh, man.       Enenewug, men.


OF PRONOUNS.

A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the same
word; as, Pahpenatum eneneh, the man is happy; Pahpenatum, he is happy.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

There are three personal pronouns, viz. Neen, I; keen, thou; ween, he;
with their plurals, Nenahwind, we; kenahwah, ye or you; wenahwah, they.

Personal pronouns have person, number, gender and case.

The persons of pronouns are three in each number, viz.

  Neen, I, is the first person,        }
  Keen, thou, is the second person,    } Singular.
  Ween, he, is the third person,       }
  Nenahwind, we, is the first person,     }
  Kenahwah, you, is the second person,    } Plural.
  Wenahwah, they, is the third person,    }

_Number._--Pronouns have two numbers, the singular and the plural.

_Case._--Pronouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and
the objective.

Pronouns cannot be declined. The cases of each person have the same
form.

  First person.  _Singular._    _Plural._
      _Nom._     Neen, I.       Nenahwind, we.
      _Poss._    Neen, mine.    Nenahwind, ours.
      _Obj._     Neen, me.      Nenahwind, us.


OF ADJECTIVES.

An Adjective is a word added to a noun to express its quality; as,
quahnoj eneneh, a good man; menwawezheh eneneh, an industrious man.

Adjectives are not varied to agree with their nouns, nor do they have
any regular comparison.

The following is a list of Numeral Adjectives:

  Pazhick,                   1
  Neezhe,                    2
  Nesweh,                    3
  Newin,                     4
  Nahnun,                    5
  Ingoodwahsweh,             6
  Neswahsweh,                7
  Shahsweh,                  8
  Shongsweh,                 9
  Metahsweh,                10
  Metahsweh ahshepazhick,   11
  ---- ahsheneezhe,         12
  ---- ahshenesweh,         13
  ---- ahshenewin,          14
  ---- ahshenahnun,         15
  ---- ahsheingoodwahsweh,  16
  ---- ahsheneswahsweh,     17
  ---- ahsheswahsweh,       18
  ---- ahsheshongsweh,      19
  Nestahnah,                20
  Nestahnah ahshepachick,   21
  ---- ahsheneezhe,         22
  ---- ahshenesweh,         23
  ---- ahshenewin,          24
  ---- ahshenahnun,         25
  ---- ahsheingoodwahsweh,  26
  ---- ahsheneswahsweh,     27
  ---- ahsheshahsweh,       28
  ---- ahsheshongsweh,      29
  Nesemetahnah,             30
  Nemedahnah,               40
  Nahnemedahnah,            50
  Ingoodwahsemedahnah,      60
  Neswahsemedahnah,         70
  Swahsemedahnah,           80
  Shonggahswehmedahnah,     90
  Ingoodwak,               100
  Nezhwak,                 200
  Neswak,                  300
  Newak,                   400
  Nahnwak,                 500
  Ingoodwahswak,           600
  Nezhahswak,              700
  Shawhswak,               800
  Shongahswak,             900
  Medahswak,              1000
  Neezhemedahswak,        2000
  Medahswehdahswak,     10,000
  Nestahnahdahswak,     20,000
  Nemedahnahdahswak,    40,000


OF VERBS.

A Verb is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer; as,
Nedahyah, I am; Nedebahkoonewa, I rule; Nedebahkoonegoo, I am ruled.

Verbs are of three kinds, active, passive, and neuter.

A Verb Active expresses an action, and necessarily implies an agent
and an object acted upon; as, Nezhahgeah James, I love James.

A Verb Passive expresses passion or a suffering or the receiving of an
action, and implies an object acted upon, and an agent by which it is
acted upon; as, Chezhahwaneding, to be loved; John oojezhahwanemah
neen, John is loved by me.

A Verb Neuter expresses neither action nor passion, but being or a
state of being; as, Nenebah, I sleep; Nenahmahdub, I sit.

Verbs have number, person, mood and tense.

NUMBER AND PERSON.

Verbs have two numbers, the singular and the plural.

There are three persons in each number; as,

  Pers.  _Singular._                   _Plural._
    1.   Nezhahwanega, I love.         Nezhahwanegamin, we love.
    2.   Kezhahwanega, thou lovest.    Kezhahwanegaim, you love.
    3.   Zhawanega, he loves.          Zhahwanegawug, they love.

MOOD.

The moods are five, Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Potential, and
the Infinitive.

The Indicative declares or affirms positively, or it asks a question;
as, Zhahwanega, he loves; Zhahwaneganah? Does he love?

The Subjunctive expresses action or passion in a doubtful manner;
as, Kespin zhahwanegaid, if he loves.

The Imperative is used for commanding, exhorting, and entreating;
as, Mahjahn keen, depart thou; Noodahmooyook, do thou listen.

The Potential implies possibility, liberty, power, will; as,
Tahgemewan kahnahbuge, it may rain; Kegahwesenemin kiya kahmenequamin,
we shall eat and drink.

The Infinitive simply expresses the signification of the verb;
as, Cheezechegang, to do; Chegegedoong, to speak.

TENSE.

Verbs have six tenses, the present, the imperfect, the perfect, the
pluperfect, the first and second future tenses.

The present tense represents a present action as taking place at the
time in which it is mentioned; as, Nebop, I laugh; Newob, I see;
Nedenadum, I think.

The imperfect tense denotes past action or event however distant,
finished, but without defining the exact time of its completion;
as, Oodanongezahbahneeg ahpe naquaskahwod, they were travelling to
the town when he met them.

The perfect tense refers not only to what is past but also conveys
an allusion to the present time; as, Ahzheh negegezhetoon
nemahzhenahegun, I have finished my letter.

The pluperfect tense represents a thing, not only as past, but also
as prior to some other point of time specified in the sentence;
as, Ahzehnegegezhetonahbun letter chebwabedahgweshing, I had finished
my letter before he arrived.

The first future tense represents the action as yet to come, either
with or without respect to the precise time when; as, Owh kezis
tahbemookahum wahbung, the sun will rise to-morrow.

The second future tense represents a future action that will be
accomplished before another future action; as, Negahwesenenahbun
nahwahquaig, I shall have dined at twelve o'clock.

A Verb is conjugated in the following manner:

TO LOVE.--Indicative Mood.

_Present Tense._

  _Sing._  1. Nezhahwanega,     I love.
           2. Kezhahwanega,     Thou lovest.
           3. Zhahwanega,       He loves.
  _Plur._  1. Nezhahwanegamin,  We love.
           2. Kezhahwanegaim,   Ye or you love.
           3. Zhahwanegawug,    They love.

_Imperfect._

  _Sing._  1. Negezhahwanega,     I loved.
           2. Kegezhahwanega,     Thou lovedst.
           3. Kezhahwanega,       He loved.
  _Plur._  1. Negezhahwanegamin,  We loved.
           2. Kegezhahwanegaim,   Ye or you loved.
           3. Kezhawanegawug,     They loved.

_Perfect._

  _Sing._  1. Ahzehnegezhahwanega,     I have loved.
           2. Ahzehkegezhahwanega,     Thou hast loved.
           3. Ahzehkezhahwanega,       He has loved.
  _Plur._  1. Ahzehnegezhahwanegamin,  We have loved.
           2. Ahzehkegezhahwanegaim,   Ye or you have loved.
           3. Ahzehkezhahwanegawug,    They have loved.

_Pluperfect._

  _Sing._  1. Ahzehnegezhahwaneganahbun,   I had loved.
           2. Ahzehkegezhahwaneganahbun,   Thou hadst loved.
           3. Ahzehkezhahwanegabun,        He had loved.
  _Plur._  1. Ahzehnegezhawanegaminahbun,  We had loved.
           2. Ahzehkegezhahwanegamwahbun,  You had loved.
           3. Ahzehkezhahwanegabahneeg,    They had loved.

_First Future._

  _Sing._  1. Negahzhahwanega,     I shall or will love.
           2. Kegahzhahwanega,     Thou shalt or wilt love.
           3. Tahzhahwanega,       He shall or will love.
  _Plur._  1. Negahzhahwanegamin,  We shall or will love.
           2. Kegahzhahwanegaim,   You shall or will love.
           3. Tahzhahwanegawug,    They shall or will love.

_Second Future._

  _Sing._  1. Negahzhahwaneganahbun,    I shall have loved.
           2. Kegahzhahwaneganahbun,    Thou wilt have loved.
           3. Tahzhahwanegabun,         He will have loved.
  _Plur._  1. Negahzhahwanegaminahbun,  We shall have loved.
           2. Kegahzhahwanegamwahbun,   You will have loved.
           3. Tahzhahwanegabahneeg,     They will have loved.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Sing._  1. Tahgahneenegazhahwanega,    Let me love.
           2. Zhahwanegain, or          } Love thou, or do thou love.
                  Kezhahwaneganah,      }
           3. Tahgahween tahzhahwanega,   Let him love.

  _Plur._  1. Tahgahnenahwind           } Let us love.
                  gahzhahwanegamin,     }
           2. Zhahwanegayook, or        } Love ye or you, or
                  Kezhahwanegaimnah,    }    do you love.
           3. Tahgahwenahwah            } Let them love.
                  tahzhahwanegawug,     }

POTENTIAL MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Sing._  1. Nedahzhahwanega,     I may love.
           2. Kedahzhahwanega,     Thou mayest love.
           3. Tahzhahwanega,       He may love.
  _Plur._  1. Nedahzhahwanegamin,  We may love.
           2. Kedahzhahwanegaim,   You may love.
           3. Tahzhahwanegawug.    They may love.

_Imperfect Tense._

  _Sing._  1. Nedahgezhahwanega,     I might love.
           2. Kedahgezhahwanega,     Thou mightest love.
           3. Tahgezhahwanega,       He might love.
  _Plur._  1. Nedahgezhahwanegamin,  We might love.
           2. Kedahgezhahwanegaim,   You might love.
           3. Tahgezhahwanegawug,    They might love.

_Perfect Tense._

  _Sing._  1. Nedahgewezhahwanega,     I may have loved.
           2. Kedahgewezhahwanega,     Thou mayst have loved.
           3. Tahgewezhahwanega,       He may have loved.
  _Plur._  1. Nedahgewezhahwanegamin,  We may have loved.
           2. Kedahgewezhahwanegaim,   You may have loved.
           3. Tahgewezhahwanegawug,    They may have loved.

_Pluperfect Tense._

  _Sing._  1. Nedahgewezhahwaneganahbun,    I might have loved.
           2. Kedahgewezhahwaneganahbun,    Thou mightest have loved.
           3. Tahgewezhahwanegabun,         He might have loved.
  _Plur._  1. Nedahgewezhahwanegaminahbun,  We might have loved.
           2. Kedahgewezhahwanegamwahbun,   You might have loved.
           3. Tahgewezhahwanegabahneeg,     They might have loved.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Sing._ Kespin zhahwanegayaun,  If I love.
          Kespin zhahwanegayun,   If thou lovest.
          Kespin zhahwahnegaid,   If he loves.
  _Plur._ Kespin zhahwanegayong,  If we love.
          Kespin zhahwanegayaig,  If you love.
          Kespin zhahwanegawod,   If they love.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

  _Pres._ Chezhahwanegang, To love.
  _Perf._ Chegezhahwanegang, To have loved.
  _Fut._  Ahyegwahwezhahwanegang, To be about to love.

PARTICIPLES.

  _Present,_ Zhahwaneding, Loving.
  _Perfect,_ Zhahwanemind, Loved.


Conjugation of the Verb TO BE.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Sing._  Nedahyah,     I am.
           Kedahyah,     Thou art.
           Ahyah,        He is.
  _Plur._  Nedahyahmin,  We are.
           Kedahyaum,    Ye or you are.
           Ahyahwug,     They are.

_Imperfect Tense._

  _Sing._  Nedahyahnahbun,    I was.
           Kedahyahnahbun,    Thou wast.
           Ahyahbun,          He was.
  _Plur._  Nedahyahmenahbun,  We were.
           Kedahyahmwahbun,   You were.
           Ahyahbahneeg,      They were.

_Perfect Tense._

  _Sing._  Negeahyahnahbun,  I have been.
           Kegeahyahnahbun,  Thou hast been.
           Keahyahbun,       He has been.
  _Plur._  Negeahyahmin,     We have been.
           Kegeahyaum,       You have been.
           Keahyahwug,       They have been.

_Pluperfect Tense._

  _Sing._  Nedahgeweahyahnahbun,  I had been.
           Kedahgeweahyahnahbun,  Thou hadst been.
           Keweahyahbun,          He had been.
  _Plur._  Nedahgeweahyahmin,     We had been.
           Kedahgeweahyaum,       You had been.
           Keahyahbahneeg,        They had been.

_First Future Tense._

  _Sing._  Negahahyah,     I shall be.
           Kegahahyah,     Thou wilt be.
           Tahahyah,       He will be.
  _Plur._  Negahahyahmin,  We shall be.
           Kegahahyaum,    You will be.
           Tahahyahwug,    They will be.

_Second Future Tense._

  _Sing._  Negahgeahyahnahbun,    I shall have been.
           Kegahgeahyahnahbun,    Thou wilt have been.
           Tahgeahyahbun,         He will have been.
  _Plur._  Negahgeahyahmenahbun,  We shall have been.
           Kegahgeahyahmwahbun,   You will have been.
           Tahgeahyahbahneeg,     They will have been.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

  _Sing._  Tahgahnenegahahyah,            Let me be.
           Ahyaun kegeahyahun,            Be thou or do thou be.
           Tahgahweendahahyah,            Let him be.
  _Plur._  Tahgahnenahwindnegahahyahmin,  Let us be.
           Ahyahyook,                     Be ye or you or do you be.
           Tahgahdahahyahwug,             Let them be.

POTENTIAL MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Singular._
    Koonemah-nedahahyah,     I may be.
    Koonemah-kedahahyah,     Thou mayst be.
    Koonemah-dahahyah,       He may be.
  _Plural._
    Koonemah-nedahahyahmin,  We may be.
    Koonemah-kedahahyaum,    You may be.
    Koonemah-dahahyahwug,    They may be.

_Imperfect Tense._

  _Singular._
    Koonemah-nedahgeahyah,     I might be.
    Koonemah-kedahgeahyah,     Thou mightest be.
    Koonemah-tahgeahyah,       He might be.
  _Plural._
    Koonemah-nedahgeahyahmin,  We might be.
    Koonemah-kedahgeahyaum,    You might be.
    Koonemah-tahgeahyahwug,    They might be.

_Perfect Tense._

  _Singular._
    Koonemah-nedahgeahyahnahbun,  I may have been.
    Koonemah-kedahgeahyahnahbun,  Thou mayst have been.
    Koonemah-tahgeahyahbun,       He may have been.
  _Plural._
    ---- nedahgeahyahminnahbun,   We may have been.
    ---- kedahgeahyahmwahbun,     You may have been.
    ---- tahgeahyahbahneeg,       They may have been.

_Pluperfect Tense._

  _Singular._
    ---- nedahgeweahyahnahbun,    I might have been.
    ---- kedahgeweahyahnahbun,    Thou mightest have been.
    ---- tahgeweahyahbun,         He might have been.
  _Plural._
    ---- nedahgeweahgahmenanbun,  We might have been.
    ---- kedahgeweahyahmwahbun,   You might have been.
    ---- tahgeweahyahbahneeg,     They might have been.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Sing._ Kespin ahyahyaun,  If I be.
          Kespin ahyahyun,   If thou be.
          Kespin ahyaud,     If he be.
  _Plur._ Kespin ahyahyong,  If we be.
          Kespin ahyahyaig,  If you be.
          Kespin ahyahwaud,  If they be.

_Imperfect Tense._

  _Sing._ Kespin ahyahyahbaun,    If I were.
          Kespin ahyahyahbun,     If thou wert.
          Kespin ahyahpun,        If he were.
  _Plur._ Kespin ahyahyongebun,   If we were.
          Kespin ahyahyaigoobun,  If you were.
          Kespin ahyahwahpun,     If they were.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

  _Present._   Cheahyong,    To be.
  _Perfect._   Chegeahyong,  To have been.

PARTICIPLES.

  _Pres._ Ahyong,  Being.
  _Perf._ Ahyod,   Been.


Conjugation of the Passive Verb TO BE LOVED.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Singular._
    Nezhahwanemegoo,     I am loved.
    Kezhahwanemegoo,     Thou art loved.
    Zhahwanemah,         He is loved.
  _Plural._
    Nezhahwanemegoomin,  We are loved.
    Kezhahwanemegoom,    You are loved.
    Zhahwanemahwug,      They are loved.

_Imperfect._

  _Singular._
    Nezhahwanemegoonahbun,    I was loved.
    Kezhahwanemegoonahbun,    Thou wast loved.
    Zhahwanemahbun,           He was loved.
  _Plural._
    Nezhahwanemegoomenahbun,  We were loved.
    Kezhahwanemegoomwahbun,   You were loved.
    Zhahwanemahbahneeg,       They were loved.

_Perfect._

  _Singular._
    Negezhahwanemegoo,     I have been loved.
    Kegezhahwanemegoo,     Thou hast been loved.
    Kezhahwanemah,         He has been loved.
  _Plural._
    Negezhahwanemegoomin,  We have been loved.
    Kegezhahwanemegoom,    You have been loved.
    Kezhahwanemahwug,      They have been loved.

_Pluperfect._

  _Singular._
    Negezhahwanemegoonahbun,    I had been loved.
    Kegezhahwanemegoonahbun,    Thou hadst been loved.
    Kezhahwanemahbun,           He had been loved.
  _Plural._
    Negezhahwanemegoomenahbun,  We had been loved.
    Kegezhahwanemegoomwahbun,   You had been loved.
    Kezhahwanemahbahneeg,       They had been loved.

_First Future._

  _Singular._
    Negahzhahwanemegoo,     I shall be loved.
    Kegahzhahwanemegoo,     Thou wilt be loved.
    Tazhahwanemah,          He will be loved.
  _Plural._
    Negahzhahwanemegoomin,  We shall be loved.
    Kegahzhahwanemegoom,    You will be loved.
    Tahzhahwanemahwug,      They will be loved.

_Second Future._

  _Singular._
    Negahgezhahwanemegoo,     I shall have been loved.
    Kegahgezhahwanemegoo,     Thou wilt have been loved.
    Tahgezhahwanemah,         He will have been loved.
  _Plural._
    Negahgezhahwanemegoomin,  We shall have been loved.
    Kegahgezhahwanemegoom,    You will have been loved.
    Tahgezhahwanemahwug,      They will have been loved.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

  _Singular._
    Tahgahnenegah zhahwanemegoo,      Let me be loved.
    Tahgahkegah zhahwanemegoo,        Be thou loved or do thou be loved.
    Tahgahween tahzhahwanemah,        Let him be loved.
  _Plural._
    Tahgahnenahwind          }        Let us be loved.
      negahzhahwanemegoomin, }
    Tahgahkenahwah kahzhahwanemegoom, Be you loved or do you be loved.
    Tahgahwenahwah tahzhahwanemahwug, Let them be loved.

POTENTIAL MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Singular._
    Nedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoo,     I may be loved.
    Kedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoo,     Thou mayest be loved.
    Tahkoonemahzhahwanemah,         He may be loved.
  _Plural._
    Nedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoomin,  We may be loved.
    Kedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoom,    You may be loved.
    Tahkoonemahzhahwanemahwug,      They may be loved.

_Imperfect Tense._

  _Singular._
    Nedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoo,     I might be loved.
    Kedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoo,     Thou mightest be loved.
    Tahgekoonemahzhahwanemah,         He might be loved.
  _Plural._
    Nedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoomin,  We might be loved.
    Kedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoom,    You might be loved.
    Tahgekoonemahzhahwanemahwug,      They might be loved.

_Perfect Tense._

  _Singular._
    Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoo,     I may have been loved.
    Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoo,     Thou mayest have been loved.
    Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemah,         He may have been loved.
  _Plural._
    Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomin,  We may have been loved.
    Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoom,    You may have been loved.
    Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahwug,      They may have been loved.

_Pluperfect Tense._

  _Singular._
    Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoonahbun,   I might have been loved.
    Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoonahbun,   Thou mightest have
                                                been loved.
    Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahbun,          He might have been loved.
  _Plural._
    Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomenahbun, We might have been loved.
    Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomwahbun,  You might have been loved.
    Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahbahneeg,      They might have been loved.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

_Present Tense._

  _Singular._
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyaun,  If I be loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyun,   If thou be loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemind,       If he be loved.
  _Plural._
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyong,  If we be loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyaig,  If you be loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemindwah,    If they be loved.

_Imperfect Tense._

  _Singular._
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyahbaun,     If I were loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyahbun,      If thou wert loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemindebun,         If he were loved.
  _Plural._
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyonggebun,   If we were loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemegooyaiggoobun,  If you were loved.
    Kespin zhahwanemindwahbun,       If they were loved.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

  _Present._ Chezhahwanemegoong, To be loved.
  _Perfect._ Chegezhahwanemegoong, To have been loved.

PARTICIPLES.

  _Present._ Zhahwanemegoong, Being loved.
  _Perfect._ Zhahwanemind, Loved.


OF PARTICIPLES.

A Participle is a word derived from a Verb, and has the nature of a verb
and also of an adjective.

Verbs have two participles, the present and the perfect.

The present participle denotes action or being continued, but not
finished. It generally ends in _ing_, _eng_, or _g_; as, Tebahkooneding,
Ruling, &c.

The perfect participle denotes action or being, finished. This can also
be distinguished by its ending in _ed_ or _d_; as Pahpid, laughed;
Shoshomequanid, smiled.


OF ADVERBS.

An Adverb is a word used to modify the sense of a verb, &c.; as, Kagate
quahnoj eneneh, a truly good man.

List of Adverbs:

1. Ingooding, once; neshing, twice; nesing, thrice.

2. Netum, first; Esquache, lastly.

3. Omah, here; ahnedeh, where; negoojee, somewhere; kahweenegoojee,
nowhere; ishpeming nahkayah, upward; nesahye-ee nahkayah, downward;
esquayong nahkayah, backward; negaun nahkayah, forward, &c.

4. Noogoom, now; chekezheguk, to-day; mawezhah, long ago; pejenahgooh,
yesterday; noomahyah, lately; wahbung, to-morrow; bahmah, by and by;
kahmahsheh, not yet; kahyahsekah, instantly; waweeb, immediately.

5. Pahgee, little; ahneenmenik, how much.

6. Koonemah, perhaps; mekahweh, perchance.

7. Kagate, verily; aahe, yes, &c.

8. Kah, no; kahweengahnahga, not at all.

9. Ahneen, how; ahneeshnah, why; ahnahpe, when.

10. Nahwuj, more; kagahkoo, most.


OF PREPOSITIONS.

Prepositions serve to connect words with one another and to show the
relation between them; as, Cazenove angkeojemahjahkezhodt York, he went
from Cazenovia to York.

List of Prepositions:

Pahzhejahye-ee, over; ahnahmahye-ee, under; shepahye-ee, through;
ishpeming, above; nesahye-ee, below; keoonjee, from; peoonjee, from;
ahwashema, beyond; chegahye-ee, near; negaun, before; Ishquayong,
behind; wahsah, off; oogejahye-ee, on or upon; magwaahye-ee, among;
ahzheh, after; ahpahgahjeahye-ee, against; ahgahmahye-ee, across;
kewetahye-ee, around; nahwahye-ee, amidst; enahkayah, toward, &c.


OF CONJUNCTIONS.

A Conjunction is a word used to connect sentences, so as out of two to
make one.

Conjunctions are of two sorts, the Copulative and the Disjunctive.

The following are some of the Conjunctions:

_Cop._ Kiya, and; Kespin, if; Owh, that; nahyanze, both; dushween, then;
ahpe, since; mesah, therefore; ahnesh, wherefore.

_Dis._ Atah, but; ahzheh, as; dush, than; koone, though; mahmesahwahwah,
unless; kespuge, except; pooch, yet.


OF INTERJECTIONS.

An Interjection is a word used to express the sudden emotions of the
speaker; as, Tahwah! pemahdezewin nelojegootoge! Alas! I fear for life!
O neboowin! Ahneshekewesahgandahmoowin? O death! Where is thy sting?

List of Interjections:

  _Earnestness_ or _Grief_; O! ah! tahwah, alas!
  _Joy_; Yahhahne! yahhahne! &c.
  _Wonder_; Mahmahkahdahkahmig, strange! hahe, hah!
  _Aversion_; Saih! ahwas, away!
  _Attention_; Nah, hark! Nahbin, behold!
  _Surprise_ or _Fear_; Ingee! Tauneyohne! yohe!
  _Laughter_; Ha! ha! ha!
  _Requesting silence_; Easta, hist! pezahnahbin, silence!
  _Calling_; ahneene, halloo!
  _Salutation_; Mequaich, welcome!




A FABLE--[Translated from the English.]

OWH WAHGOOSH KIYA EWH MASK.


Kegahweendahmoonin kache dahkooahyod ahdesookaun, kecheoneshesheh
dushweengooh.

Wahgoosh ingooding keezhahgoobun haberdashero dahdahwawegahmig. Emah
metahskahkahmig ahyahtanegoobun kache gwahnahjewong mask, keoonje
ozhechegahdagoobun ahwegah cheahyood mamahjenood ahpe herongh azhe
obahkahmegezhejin. Ewh mask egewh mawezhah, meowh ahpe owh ahdesookaun
tebaindahgowk, ahgwahnahung kahkenah ewh ostegwan dahgooh helmiting,
kiya kahwekah mamahjenood ezheoobahkahmegezhese ayahsenenegoon.
Mahmahdah wechegawenebun, owhdush ezhechegang kahweendush
kedahwahbahdah zhenon ewh odangowh owh wabahkahmegezid, kiya koonemah
anahnookewenegwain nahchebahpid or mahwid, ewh mask ahpun ewh nahsob
azhenahgowk.

Owh wahgoosh kahgezheyaindum, wahjapezeh. Oge quakenon ewh mask
menahwah kiya menahwah. Oge gahnahwahbahdaun emah ahgwahjeeye-ee,
kiya gahnahwahbahdaun emah peenjahye-ee.

Ewh ahgwahjeeye-ee keche shooshoo ahyahgoobun kiya
kegezhechegahdagoobun! Ewh peenjahye-ee webahgoobun. Kagate onesheshin
oostegwan ayaug omah, ekedoo owh wahgoosh; kagate mejenahwa yahdahkahmig
kahwenaindib ahyahsenoog!

Nahnind quahnoj quewesansug ahyahwug kiya equasansug kemahzheh
ekoogenedwah oowh enaindahmoowod kahween kagoo ohbahbah mahndahsenahwah,
ewh atah oobeshegadahgoosewenewah, ahgoonwatahtesuwod kagoo
chekekadahmoowod medush azhe quakeskahwod enahkahkayah wahwazheowening.
Koonemah eneneh odah ahtood ewh onindj emah ostegwahning onowh pazhik
kiya tahekedooh kahekedood owh wahgoosh kagate sahquahnoj owh oostegwan
omah ayog kagate sah mejenah wayahdahkahmig ahyah senoog ewh wenaindib.

Eneneh tahezhah ishpeming, ahyahnzig menoo bemahdezewin, ahyahnzig
kechetwahwezewin, ahyahnzig ogemahwewin, ahyahnzig kekenooahmahdewin,
ahyahwahsig wejekewayun; kah dushween tahezhahsee ewhety ishpeming
ahyahwahsig Christ.

A man may go to heaven without health, without wealth, without honor,
without learning, without friends; but he can never go to heaven
without Christ.




OF THE FORMATION OF WORDS.


It is difficult with us to speak the words themselves.--The words
_odoon_, _onik_, _okod_, _ozid_, _okun_, do not mean respectively,
_mouth_, _arm_, _leg_, _foot_, _bone_; but _his mouth_, _his arm_, _his
leg_, _his foot_, _his bone_. By leaving out the letter _o_ we have the
words _mouth_, _arm_, _&c._ themselves: thus, _doon_, _nik_, _kod_,
_zid_, _kun_. The former is the usual way of speaking, the latter is
correct.

By the following illustration it will be better understood how words are
formed:

                        _my_      _thy_ or _your_   _his_
  Nindj,    _a hand_,   nenindj,      kenindj,      onindj,
  Nik,      _an arm_,   nenik,        kenik,        onik,
  Doon,     _a mouth_,  nedoon        kedoon,       odoon,
  Bid,      _a tooth_,  nebid,        kebid,        owebid,
  Daih,     _a heart_,  nedaih,       kedaih,       odaih,
  Kown,     _a liver_,  nekown,       kekown,       okown,
  Kun,      _a bone_,   nekun,        kekun,        okun,
  Skunze,   _a nail_,   neskunze,     keskunze,     oskunze,
  Kod,      _a leg_,    nekod,        kekod,        okod,
  Bowm,     _a thigh_,  nebowm,       kebowm,       obowm,
  Dis,      _a navel_,  nedis,        kedis,        odis,
  Pun,      _a light_,  nepun,        kepun,        opun,
  Zid,      _a foot_,   nezid,        kezid,        ozid,
  Yos,      _flesh_,    neyos,        keyos,        oweyos,
  Yowh,     _a body_,   neyowh,       keyowh,       oweyowh,
  Oose,     _father_,   noose,        koose,        osun,
  Gah,      _mother_,   negah,        kegah,        ogeen,
  Siyahn,   _brother_,  nesiyahn,     kesiyahn,     osiyayun,
  Shema,    _sister_,   neshema,      keshema,      oshemayun,
  Tahwug,   _an ear_,   netahwug,     ketahwug,     otahwug.




VOCABULARY.

  [Transcriber's Note:
  Alphabetization is as in the original.]

A.

  Aahe, adv. yes
  Ahbenoojhee, n. a child
  Ahbewin, n. a room
  Ahnind, adj. some
  Ahpe, adv. then, when
  Ahkeh, n. the earth
  Ahkeeng, in the earth
  Ahzheh, adv. after
  Ahneendeh, adv. where?
  Ahyahyun, v. art thou
  Ahweyah, n. a certain one
  Ahnung, sing.   } n. a star
  Ahnungoog, plu. }
  Ahyah, v. he is, was
  Ahneen, adv. how?
  Ahwon, n. fog, dew, mist
  Ahsin, n. a stone
  Ahnweh, n. a bullet
  Ahnahquod, n. a cloud
  Ahnookewin, n. a work
  Ahnemeke, n. thunder
  Ahkoozewin, n. sickness
  Ahpahbewin, n. a saddle, or a thing to sit on
  Ahpwahgun, n. a pipe
  Ahnahpe, adv. when
  Ahgwahnahung, pt. covered
  Ahgwahjeeng, outdoors
  Ahpequashemoon, n. pillow
  Ahkookoobenahgun, } n. a basket, the latter signifies a vessel
  Ahwahjewahnahgun, }      to carry or gather with
  Ahnahmeahwin, n. religion
  Aindahnahbid, v. sitteth
  Aindahyaun, n. my house or home
  Aiskum, adv. more
  Anwahchegaid, n. a prophet
  Amequahn, n. a spoon
  Atah, conj. but
  Ahsamah, n. tobacco
  Ahnahmahkahmig, } under the earth or ground
  Ahnahmahkeeng,  }
  Ahgahming, n. other side
  Ahyahmook, v. receive it, or take it
  Ahshum, v. feed him, or give him something to eat
  Ahgahwahta, n. a shadow
  Ahwashema, prep. beyond
  Ahgwewin, n. a garment
  Ahgookayowh, n. a bait, or something to allure animals to a snare
  Ahgahjewin, n. bashfulness
  Ahquahnebesohn, n. rainbow
  Azhenekahdaig, } n. name of a thing or place. In asking a question
  Adahming,      }      we say what is the name of that thing or place?
  Ahgwahjeeye-ee, n. outside
  Anahnookewenegwain, business, or it was his business
  Anaindahmon, n. thy will
  Azheahyog, v. as it is
  Azhegooh, v. as we
  Azhemahmahjenoojin, part. played or acted
  Ahgoonwatahdezoowod, v. they refuse
  Ahyahsenenegoon, when there is none or no
  Ainind, pt. called
  Ahwas, adv. away
  Ahsub, n. a net
  Ahyog, is here
  Ahpugn, adv. always, usually, the same
  Ahmooh, n. a bee
  Ahmik, n. a beaver
  Ahnim, n. a mean fellow
  Ahnit, n. a spear
  Ahnebeesh, n. a leaf
  Ahnwabewin, n. a rest
  Ahnahmeawegahmig, n. a church, meeting-house, or praying-house
  Ahskekoomon, n. lead
  Ahskahtowhe, n. a skin or hide
  Asquach, adv. falsely, vain
  Ahdesookaun, n. story, fable
  Ahnwahtin, not boisterous
  Ahwebah, n. or adj. calm
  Ahkahkahzha, n. coal
  Ahyegagah, adv. soon, directly
  Ahnoodezeh, adv. greedy
  Ahnowh, prep. though
  Ahtoon, put it down
  Ahneenmenik, adv. how much
  Ahneendeh, adv. where
  Ahneendehnahkayah, adv. which way
  Ahnahmahye-ee, prep. under
  Ahpahgahjeahye-ee, prep. against
  Ahyahwug, v. there are
  Ahgahmahye-ee, prep. across
  Ahneeshnah, adv. why
  Ahdick, n. a rein-deer
  Ahjedahmoo, n. a red squirrel
  Ahsahnahgoo, n. a black squirrel
  Ahgwegoos, n. a chip-monk
  Ahkuckoojeesh, n. a ground-hog
  Ahdoomahkoomasheeh, n. a monkey, which signifies louse catcher
    or hunter
  Ahnemoosh, n. a dog
  Aasebun, n. a raccoon
  Aayabegoo, n. an ant
  Aayanee, n. opossum
  Ahzhahwahmaig, n. a salmon
  Ahshegun, n. rock-bass
  Ahgwahdahsheh, n. sun-fish
  Ahwahsesee, n. cat-fish
  Ahmahkahkee, n. a toad
  Ahgoonaqua, n. tree-toad
  Ahndaig, n. a raven
  Ahshahgeh, n. a crane
  Ahsegenak, n. a black-bird
  Ahjegahdashib, n. water-hen
  Ahsenesekab, n. gravel
  Ahkik, n. a kettle
  Ahbewh, n. a paddle
  Ahzod, n. poplar
  Ahneshenahbay, n. an Indian man
  Apahgeeshemoog, n. west
  Ahahwa, n. a species of duck
  Ahwahkaun, n. cattle
  Ahgahwosk, n. gypsum
  Ahshahwask, n. a sword
  Ahgwesemon, n. a pumpkin
  Ahgwejekinzhaegun, n. an and-iron
  Ahskebug, n. a green leaf
  Ahgahwahtaown, n. an umbrella
  Ahdahwaweneneh, n. a merchant
  Ahkahnok, n. a corn-cob
  Azheshahwask, n. a rifle
  Ahnejemin, n. pease
  Auskig, n. a seal
  Ahgookewahsegun, n. sealing-wax
  Ahpahgedoon, v. throw it

B.

  Bakah, v. to stop
  Bahmah, adv. by and by
  Bazhig, adj. one
  Bahtay, n. smoke
  Bahgaun, n. a nut
  Bahbegwon, n. a bugle
  Bakahnuk, adj. the other
  Bahnahjetoon, v. destroy it
  Bahtahzewin, n. sin
  Bahgundahegawegahmig, n. a barn, or a house to thresh grain in
  Bewegahegun, n. a chip
  Bemahdezewin, n. life
  Beezhahyaun, v. if I come
  Bemoosain, v. to walk
  Bewahbik, n. iron
  Bedoon, v. bring it, or fetch it
  Benetoon, v. clean it
  Boodahwahgun, n. chimney, fire-place
  Bewuyh, n. fur

C.

  Chegahye-ee, prep. near
  Cheahnwabing, v. to rest
  Cheshahdahegun, n. broom, sweeping instrument
  Chepahping, pt. laughing
  Chebwah, prep. before
  Chebuyh, n. a corpse, dead body
  Chemaun, n. a boat, a canoe
  Chemenewung, v. to yield fruit
  Chese, n. a turnip
  Chahchaum, v. to sneeze
  Cheahyong, v. to be

D.

  Dush, conj. but
  Dushween, adv. then, there.
    Weendush, and he;
    owhdush, and the;
    medush, and then;
    egewhdush, and they
  Doombenon, v. to lift
  Doon, n. a mouth
  Dahdahwawegahmig, n. a store or shop
  Danguyh, n. the face

E.

  Eneneh, n. a man
  Enenewug, n. men
  Equa, n. a woman
  Equawug, n. women
  Equasance, n. a girl, or little woman
  Emeh, adv. there (near,)--sometimes means, into, or in the
  Ewhety, adv. there (distant,) in that place
  Egewh, pro. them
  Enah! int. hark! see!
  Enewh, pro. these
  Ezhah, v. to go
  Ewh, a. the
  Eskooday, n. fire
  Esquache, adj. last
  Ezhahdah, v. let us go
  Esquahdaim, n. a door
  Enaindahmoowin, n. mind, thought, will
  Ekedoowin, n. a word
  Eebahdun, n. butter
  Enenahbik, n. a rock
  Enenahtig, n. a maple-tree
  Ezhechegaid, n. means or manner
  Ekedooh, v. to say, or he said
  Enahkayah, prep. towards
  Ewedehnahkayah, adv. that way
  Enaindahming, pt. thinking
  Equah, n. a louse.

H.

  How, v. let us
  Hah! int. the same as Ha! in English.

I.

  Ishpeming, n. heaven, or above
  Inggoojhee, adv. somewhere
  Ingoodwahsweh, adj. six
  Ishpemesahgoong, n. chamber
  Ingoodwak, adj. one hundred
  Inggooding, adv. once
  Inggwahekaun, n. the grave
  Innoozoowahgun, n. a name-sake
  Ingee! int. This word is used by children when they are afraid of
    something that is large
  Inggoodoogunze, n. a cluster of fruit.

K.

  Keshamunedoo, n. Merciful Spirit or Being
  Kechemunedoo, n. God, or Great Good Spirit
  Kecheahjechaugk, n. Great Holy Spirit
  Kecheogemah, n. King, or great Chief
  Kedemahganemeshin, have mercy on me
  Kegekaindaun, v. thou knowest
  Kechegahmeh, n. a lake
  Kegezhaib, n. the morning
  Ketegahnans, n. a garden
  Kedahyah, v. thou art
  Kedahyaum, v. you are
  Ke-ne-nah? Is it you?
  Kahween, adv. no sir, no, no
  Kah, adv. no
  Keen, pro. you, or thou
  Koosay, n. sing. your father
  Koone, n. snow
  Kezis, n. the sun
  Kiya, conj. and
  Kegwis, n. your son
  Kegah, n. your mother
  Ketegaun, n. a field
  Kahkenah, adj. all, whole
  Koosenon, n. our father
  Koosewah, n. pl. your father
  Koosemah, v. may, might
  Kahgequawin, n. law
  Kahbabeboon, all winter
  Kahbanebin, all summer
  Kahgenig, adv. forever
  Kahwekah, adv. never
  Kagooshish, n. something
  Kebemoosay, v. he walked
  Kedaun, n. your daughter
  Kezheguk, n. day
  Kezhik, n. sky
  Kahweenegoojee, adv. nowhere
  Kegedoon, v. to speak, (in the imperative mood.)
  Ke-ekedooh, v. he said
  Kedenin, I tell you
  Keskeezhik, n. your eye
  Kooskoozin, v. to awake
  Kespin, conj. if
  Kesenah, adj. cold
  Kagooh, shall not
  Keche, adj. great
  Kechauze, n. your nose
  Ketegaweneneh, n. a husbandman
  Keskejewahyaun, n. a waist-coat
  Kewadenoong, n. north
  Kekewaown, n. a flag
  Kagate, adv. truly, verily
  Koondun, v. swallow it
  Kahmahsheh, adv. not yet
  Kahskahdin, v. to congeal, to freeze
  Kagooween, you shall not, or thou shall not
  Kagebahdezid, n. a fool
  Kenebood, pt. died
  Kategang, v. to sow or plant
  Keskahkezhegang, v. to reap
  Kahgega, adj. eternal
  Kazhedin, adv. immediately
  Keahgoonwatum, v. he denied
  Ketezeh, } adj. old
  Kekahe,  }
  Kegaung, n. a virgin
  Kegowh, n. a fish
  Keskemon, n. a whet-stone
  Keskeboojegun, n. a saw
  Kechepezoon, n. a girdle, a sash, a belt
  Kebeshang, adj. deaf
  Kepahgah, adj. thick
  Kebesquang, adj. hoarse
  Kesahgehenah? Do you love me?
  Kenahweskewin, n. falsehood
  Kashahweahyah, adj. loose
  Kondahegwahsowin, n. thimble, an instrument used to push with
    in sewing
  Kahyahtenewaid, n. a mid-wife
  Kahezhewabuk, it was so
  Kekenahwahjechegun, n. a sign or mark
  Kegedooweneneh, n. a speaker or lawyer
  Kahgahgewinze, n. hemlock
  Kahgahgeh, n. wind-pipe
  Kekindewin, n. a covenant
  Kezebegahegahnahboo, n. soap suds
  Kahskahkoonegun, n. corn-crib
  Kahskahegun, n. a scraper
  Koozhe, n. a beak
  Koonekahdin, n. frost, snow
  Kechemekun, n. a high-way
  Kagah, adv. mostly
  Kahweengagoo, n. nothing
  Kegahweendahmoon, I will tell you
  Kahgequaweneneh, n. an exhorter, or preacher
  Kegowhyekaweneneh, n. a fisherman
  Kekaindahmoowad, v. to learn, to know
  Kahgahnahga, do not
  Kemahzeh, adv. badly
  Kegezhechegahdagoobun, pt. completed
  Kahgezheyaindum, adj. sagacious
  Kagahgoo, adv. almost
  Kahyask, n. a gull
  Kahgahgehshee, n. a crow
  Kookoosh, n. a hog
  Kookookoo-ooh, n. an owl
  Kenoozha, n. a pike
  Kewetahye-ee, prep. around
  Kedahgahbezhew, n. a wild-cat
  Kaugk, n. a porcupine
  Kahgebahdezewin, n. foolishness
  Keskekechegun, n. a partition

M.

  Mahnedoo, n. a spirit
  Mahjahn, v. march on
  Mahzhenahegun, n. a book, paper, &c.
  Mahjemunedoo, n. an evil spirit, or the devil
  Mahzhenenee, n. an image
  Mahskemoodance, n. satchel
  Mahkahday, n. powder, or black
  Megwon, n. a feather, quill
  Mekun, n. a road
  Mejim, n. food
  Mezhusk, n. hay, weed, grass
  Menesis, n. hair, of the head
  Mequom, n. ice
  Metig, n. a tree
  Mesheh, n. fire-wood
  Metigmahkuk, n. a trunk
  Meowh, only, the one to whose
  Minjemeneshin, v. hold me
  Metigmahkezin, n. shoe, or wooden shoe
  Me-ewhmenek, it is enough
  Mahdwayahbegahegun, n. a fiddle, or a sonorific instrument, whose
    strings are capable of vibrating
  Megezeh, n. an eagle
  Moozhuk, adv. often
  Mookoomon, n. a knife
  Moozwahgun, n. scissors
  Menookahmeh, n. spring, a season of the year
  Menahwahzeh, adj. cheerful
  Mequamdun, v. remember it
  Mezhenahwa, n. a disciple
  Mahkundwaweneneh, n. a robber
  Mahmahweh, adv. together
  Mezheshenon, v. give us
  Mesquagin, n. purple
  Mahkahdaeneneh, n. a black man
  Mahkahdaequa, n. a black woman
  Mawezhah, adv. anciently, long ago
  Metegwob, n. a bow
  Moskin, n. full
  Mahdwawa, n. a sound
  Menoodahchin, adv. enough
  Menekaun, n. seed
  Menequang, v. to drink
  Mahskoosen, n. a marsh, a bog, a fen
  Mamangwah, n. a butterfly
  Mahskeeg, n. a swamp
  Mahmahjenoowin, n. miracle
  Mahnahtaneseweneneh, n. a shepherd
  Mahskahwezewin, strength
  Mahjetong, v. to begin
  Mahkuk, n. a pail, or box
  Mahkahkoosug, n. a barrel
  Megahzooweneneh, n. a soldier, a man of war, or a fighting man
  Mahmahkahdezing, v. to boast
  Megoos, n. an awl
  Menis, n. an island
  Mahwewin, v. to cry
  Memenik, v. be quiet
  Mahskekeh, n. medicine
  Mahnedoosh, n. an insect, a worm
  Mahbah, this one
  Mesahkoodoonahgun, n. beard, the hair that grows on the lips and chin
  Mondahmin, n. corn
  Mechekahnok, n. a fence
  Metegoominzhe, n. an oak
  Mahskooda, n. plains, flats, or level ground
  Mahgeahyah, adj. big
  Mahgoobedoong, v. to squeeze
  Mayahgezid, n. a stranger
  Menahwah, adv. again, more and more
  Mamahjenoojin, v. he played
  Metahskahkahmig, n. the ground, or on the ground
  Menoomenik, adj. sufficient
  Mamahjenood, n. an actor
  Magwaahye-ee, prep. among
  Mahnahtanis, n. a sheep
  Meshebezhee, n. a lion
  Mahengun, n. a wolf
  Mesahbooze, n. a goat
  Mahquah, n. a bear
  Moaze, n. a moose
  Mahskoodaysay, n. a quail
  Mahnoomenekashee, n. a mud-hen
  Mezhesay, n. a turkey
  Mesahmaig, n. a whale
  Mahzhahmagoos, n. trout
  Mahnoomin, n. rice
  Mezheh, adv. everywhere
  Magwah, adv. while
  Manmooyahwahgaindahmoowin, n. thankfulness
  Meshejemin, n. a currant, (fruit)
  Mahzahn, n. a thistle
  Mahjegooday, n. a petticoat
  Menekahnekah, adv. seedy
  Mejenahwayahdahkahmig, n. pity
  Mahmahdahwechegawenebun, it was a strange custom
  Menesenoo, n. a hero
  Mesquahsin, n. brick, which signifies, red stone
  Mesahowh, that is
  Moosay, n. a worm
  Moong, n. a loon
  Meene, n. a kind of fruit
  Mahjekewis, adj. the eldest
  Meskoodesemin, n. a bean
  Mategwahkezinekaid, n. a shoe-maker
  Menahwenahgowd, v. look pleasant
  Meneweyook, v. be fruitful
  Megeskun, n. a hook
  Mezesok, n. a horse-fly
  Mahwahdooskahegun, n. a rake
  Mookoojegun, n. a plane, or drawing-knife
  Mahskemood, n. a bag
  Moonegwana, n. a meadow-lark
  Meshawa, n. an elk
  Mahskekeweneneh, n. a physician.

N.

  Nebahgun, n. a bed, a place to sleep on
  Newewesin, I want to eat
  Nonggon, adj. light
  Nee, } pro. I, me, my
  Ne,  }
  Negah, n. my mother
  Neezhe, adj. two
  Nesweh, adj. three
  Newin, adj. four
  Nahnun, adj. five
  Newob, v. I see
  Noongoom, adv. now
  Nahgudge, adv. little while
  Nedaih, n. my heart
  Nekod, n. my leg
  Noodin, n. wind
  Nahdin, v. go and fetch it
  Nezid, n. my foot
  Nagowh, n. sand
  Noodosh, adj. least
  Neenatah, but me, only me
  Nezhekaih, adj. alone
  Netum, adj. first
  Negaun, prep. before
  Nahpahna, n. flour
  Nahsahkoonun, open it
  Nebahkahda, I am hungry
  Nahbahgesug, n. a board
  Nahgahmoowin, n. a hymn, or a song
  Nahme-eding, pt. meeting
  Nahongahnik, n. a maid
  Nahwahye-ee, n. diameter
  Nejekewa, n. a comrade
  Nejee, n. a friend
  Nanahdahwe-ewaid, n. a saviour
  Nahbequon, n. a vessel, a ship
  Nahbequahneshee, n. a sailor, or a man that sails or attends ships
  Nebewah, n. many
  Nahboob, n. soup
  Neweahyahwah, I want him
  Nasawin, n. breath
  Nedezedaahe, v. I dare
  Nahzequaegun, n. a curry-comb
  Nekebee, covered with water, or overflowed
  Nayob, back again
  Nahgowh, n. a sleeve
  Nedenaindum, v. I think
  Nahwahquay, n. the middle of the day, noon
  Neskahdezewin, n. anger
  Nasagwahbedaoonance, n. a pin, which signifies to prick with
  Negekaindaun, v. I know
  Nebwahkahwin, n. wisdom
  Newahwezhandum, v. I am glad
  Nahmahdahbin, v. sit thou
  Nahmahdahbing, v. to sit
  Noodahgoozing, pt. roaring
  Nedekedoowin, my word
  Negetim, I am lazy
  Nezheka, adv. apart
  Nesahye-ee, adv. down
  Negaunnahkayah, adv. forward
  Nesahye-ee, prep. below
  Nahwahye-ee, prep. amidst
  Nahmaih, n. a sturgeon
  Nahmabin, n. mullet
  Nekah, n. a wild goose
  Nahkayah, n. a way
  Nebeh, n. water
  Nebeeng, In the water

O.

  Ogemah, n. a chief
  Oojechog, n. a soul
  Oondaus, v. to come
  Omah, adv. here
  Owh, a. the
  Oowh, pro. this
  Oogooh, pro. those, their
  Oogemekaun, he found it
  Oogeoozhetoon, he made it
  Oodahpenun, take it
  Oonekig, n. a parent
  Oopegagun, n. a rib
  Opequoj, n. an air-bladder
  Oonzegun, n. a boiler, or a kettle
  Oodanggowh, n. his face,
    --[_for an explanation of this and several of the following words,
    see page 21_]
      [Transcriber's Note: See section "Formation of Words,"
      immediately before Vocabulary list.]
  Oochauze, n. his nose
  Oodoon, n. his mouth
  Onowh, n. his cheek
  Ostegawn, n. his head
  Oskezhizk, n. his eye
  Omahmowh, n. eyebrow
  Odanegoom, n. nostril
  Odaih, n. heart
  Onik, n. arm
  Otahwug, n. ear
  Okod, n. leg
  Ozid, n. foot
  Onoogun, n. hip
  Onindj, n. hand
  Ojetud, n. tendon
  Oquagun, n. neck
  Opequon, n. back
  Obowm, n. thigh
  Okahkegun, n. breast
  Ozhebeenguyh, n. tear
  Omesud, n. paunch
  Odoosquahyob, n. vein
  Okun, n. bone
  Odaewaun, n. their heart
  Oskunze, n. nail of the finger and the hoof of a horse, or all kinds
    of hoofs
  Odaun, n. daughter
  Ootanowh, n. town, city, village, however we say kecheotanowh for
    great town or city, by adding nance, it means small town or village
  Odataig, n. gills of a fish
  Onejegun, n. fin of a fish
  Ozhegown, n. tail of a fish
  Okodahkik, n. a pot, a kettle that has legs, or a leg-kettle
  Oozaum, adv. too much
  Oogee, pro. he
  Opin, n. a potatoe
  Obewuyh, n. fur
  Omemee, n. a pigeon
  Onegwegun, n. a wing
  Oskenahway, n. a youth, a young man
  Odahbaun, n. a sled
  Ongwahmezin, be ye faithful
  Oogaah, n. pickerel
  Ogejebeeg, surface of the water
  Ozhahwahnoong, n. south
  Okayahwis, n. herring
  Oojeeg, n. a fisher
  Ogah, n. mother
  Oose, n. father
  Opecheh, n. a robin
  Onesheshid, a clever one
  Ookoozhe, n. a beak
  Oskezegookahjegun, n. spectacle
  Onahgooshig, n. the evening
  Okahquon, n. shin
  Ogeeozheaun, he made them
  Ogeeozhetoon, he made it
  Oskunzhekahjegun, n. a horse-shoe
  Oombahquahegun, n. a lever

P.

  Pabahmahjemood, n. a messenger
  Poonahkunjegun, n. anchor
  Pookedoonze, n. a pear
  Pahdahkemoojeskahjegun, n. a spur
  Pewakoodahmahgun, n. shavings
  Pahketaegun, n. a hammer
  Pemenegun, n. a gimlet, an auger
  Penahquahn, n. a comb
  Pezhekeence, n. a calf
  Pesahkahmegeboojegun, n. a harrow
  Pequahegun, n. a hill
  Pabahbahgahne, n. a pancake
  Pazhegwahnoong, one place
  Panggwon, adj. dry
  Pahquonge, n. a stump
  Pahgasaun, n. a plum
  Pahpenadumoowin, n. happiness
  Pahquazhegun, n. bread
  Pahskezegun, n. a gun
  Pahquazhegunush, n. wheat
  Pahnezid, adj. holy
  Pazhegoogahzhee, n. a horse or an animal not cloven-footed
  Pashebeegun, n. a rule
  Peshegaindahgoozewin, n. glory
  Pepoon, n. winter
  Pezahneewawin, n. peace
  Pahzegween, v. to arise
  Penasewug, n. fowls
  Pewahbum, v. come and see him
  Pewahbundun, v. come and see it
  Pajeewe, adj. weak
  Pesahgeskebik, n. darkness
  Pesekun, put it on
  Peenzekahwahgun, n. a coat or loose garment
  Pahwahbekezegun, n. a stove or an iron box that is capable of being
    warmed through
  Pahzhejeahje-ee, prep. over
  Peendahgun, n. a pocket or pouch
  Peendig, n. inside
  Paquahkoostegowng, block-headed
  Pequahquod, n. a ball or knot
  Poodahwain, make fire
  Poodahjegun, n. a musical or blowing instrument
  Pookedaemin, n. a mandrake
  Pahmetahgun, n. a servant
  Pahbegwah, adj. rough
  Pahquahskezhegun, n. a scythe
  Papahmebahegood, n. a rider, a name for a dragoon
  Pamahdezid, the living
  Pahsquagin, n. leather
  Pahbahgewahyaun, n. a shirt, calico
  Pengwahshahgid, adj. naked
  Pezindun, v. to hear, to listen
  Pinggweh, n. ashes
  Pungee, adj. little, not enough
  Peendegaye-ee, prep. within
  Pegiwh, n. gum, wax
  Pemeday, n. oil, grease
  Pequok, n. an arrow
  Pooch, v. must
  Pahkahahquay, n. a cock,--this bird has derived its name from its
    crowing; so nearly all birds
  Pahpahsay, n. a wood-pecker; this, from its pecking
  Penaih, n. a partridge
  Pahkaunnahkayah, adv. another way

Q.

  Quatahmegwaindahgoozid, n. the Almighty
  Quewesance, n. a boy
  Quahnoj, adj. good
  Quakenun, turn it over
  Quesqueshin, n. a whistle
  Quahbahegun, n. a shovel
  Quahnahjewun, adj. handsome
  Quaich, adj. tenth
  Quiyuk, adv. straight, right
  Quaichegooh, just as

S.

  Shahgooda-a, n. a coward
  Shahwanemeshin, bless me
  Shewetahgun, n. salt
  Shahwemin, n. a grape
  Shemahgun, n. a shield
  Shooneyah, n. silver, money
  Shenganedewin, n. hatred
  Sahnahgud, adj. difficult
  Sahkahown, n. a cane
  Sanahbanh, n. silk, or ribin
  Sasahbob, n. a rope, thread
  Shongahswak, adj. nine hundred
  Shewahbik, n. alum, or iron of an acid taste
  Shewon, adj. sour
  Shonggahsweh, adj. nine
  Sebeeh, n. a river
  Sebeeng, in the river
  Shegah, n. a widow
  Shinggwok, n. a pine tree
  Shahgahnosh, a white man
  Shinggoos, n. a weasel
  Shonggwasheh, n. a mink
  Shepahye-ee, prep. through
  Shegog, n. a skunk
  Shesheeb, n. a duck
  Sahgahquahegun, n. a nail
  Shegwanahbik, n. a grind-stone
  Shegwanahwis, n. fish-worm
  Shesheeb-ahkik, n. a tea-kettle; (see shesheeb and ahkik,)
  Sahgedoonabejegun, n. a bridle
  Sahgahegun, n. a screw
  Shegahgahwinze, n. an onion
  Shahboonegaunce, n. a needle, it signifies to pull or push through

T.

  Tahnahgwud, v. appear
  Tedebawe, n. the shore
  Tebahegezeswon, n. a watch or clock
  Tabanegaid, n. Lord
  Tabahkoonewaid, n. a judge or ruler
  Tebahkoonegawin, n. judgment
  Tabwayaindahmoowin, n. a creed
  Takoonewaid, n. a constable
  Tabwawin, n. truth
  Tahbeskooch, v. to equal
  Tahweahyah, n. space
  Tabwatun, v. believe thou
  Tebahegun, n. a measure; by adding ce, we have, cup
  Toodooshahboo, n. milk
  Tawaegun, n. a drum; (see mahdwayahbegahegun,)
  Tegowh, n. a wave
  Tebik, n. night
  Tahgah, v. to let
  Tahwah, int. alas!

U.

  Undoom, call him
  Umba, come and let us go

W.

  Wah, pro. what
  Wahwon, n. an egg
  Weyos, n. flesh, meat
  Webid, n. a tooth
  Ween, pro. him
  Wewon, his wife
  Waquain, pro. whoever
  Wewahquon, n. a hat
  Wahbegun, n. clay
  Wahsayah, n. light
  Wagoonan, what is it?
  Wekah, long before
  Wahbemin, n. an apple
  Weendun, tell it
  Wanain, who is it?
  Weyowh, n. a body
  Wahjewh, n. a mountain or hill
  Wahowh, pro. this
  Wenegun, n. marrow
  Wenesis, n. hair
  Wanankeen, who art thou?
  Wesabgun, adj. bitter
  Wagoosing, n. the son
  Wahbeda, v. to ripen
  Wenin, n. fat
  Wahnekaun, n. a ditch
  Wahbezewin, n. paleness
  Weenzhoob, n. gall
  Wenud, adj. dirty
  Wahwahbegoonojhee, n. a mouse
  Wahsahkoonajegun, n. a candle, or a thing that produces light
  Wahsachegun, n. a window
  Wahbahnahnug, n. the morning-star
  Wahsahmoowin, n. lightning
  Wesenewagun, n. a table, or something to eat on
  Wegewaum, n. a house
  Wetookahweshin, help me
  Wetoopahmeshin, eat with me
  Wanepuzhe, adv. freely
  Wahyaskud, in the beginning
  Weendahmahweshin, tell me
  Wahgedahkahmig, on land
  Wawaneh, thank you
  Wahsahgung, n. pepper, or a bitter substance
  Wahskoobung, adj. sweet
  Wekahnesun, his brother
  Wahwazhetaun, v. prepare thou
  Wahnahgak, n. bark
  Wahbemoojechaugown, n. a looking-glass; something used to see the
    image in
  Weendegooh, n. a giant
  Weyahgahsahne, n. dust
  Wedookoodahdedah, let us help each other
  Wequajeoong, v. to struggle
  Wenaindib, n. brains
  Wahbezhasheh, n. a martin
  Wahwahskasheh, n. a deer
  Wahwahtaseh, n. a lightning-bug
  Wahwahyayah, adj. round
  Wahgoosh, n. a fox
  Wahnesquazewin, n. carelessness
  Wahgahquod, n. an axe
  Wahbahbik, n. tin
  Wahbejeskezhegwa, adj. wall-eyed
  Wob, v. to see
  Wahzeswon, n. a nest
  Wahbooyon, n. a blanket
  Wahnechega, v. to misdo
  Wahnewenon, v. to mislead
  Wahbemenahboo, n. cider
  Wesahgok, n. ash
  Wegwos, n. birch tree, and its bark
  Wegoobeminze, n. bass-wood
  Wak, n. spawn

Z.

  Zhahwanedewin, n. love
  Zahzahgewejegun, n. an offering
  Zagezewin, v. to fear
  Zegahundahgawin, n. baptism
  Zhahgemaih, n. a musketoe
  Zheezebahquod, n. sugar.


       *       *       *       *       *
           *       *       *       *
       *       *       *       *       *


_Notes on Updated Text_

This section comes from a reader who knows considerably more Ojibwe
than the transcriber (who knows none at all):

_Orthography_

  (forms in "Chipeway Spellings" : equivalent in Fiero orthography)

  ah              : a, aa, aanh
  au, aw          : aa
  aih             : e, enh
  a, ai, -ay      : e
  e, eh           : i, ii
  ee, eeh         : ii, iinh
  i               : i, ii, ay
  oo              : o, oo
  ooh             : o, oo, oonh
  ou              : --
  o               : a, aa
  u               : a, w

  w-, -wh         : w
  y               : y, ay

  ch, j           : j, ch
  ck              : k
  k, g, gk        : g, k
  m, -hm          : m
  n               : n
  -nce            : -ns
  p, b, -be       : b, p
  qu              : gw, kw
  s, z, -se       : s, z
  sh, zh, -zhe    : zh, sh
  sk, sch         : sk, shk
  sp              : shp
  squ             : skw, shkw
  st              : sht
  t, d, -dt,
    -te, -de, td- : d, t

_Author of Spelling book:_

I am convinced that 'Spelling' is by Peter Jones, as he was commissioned
to put together a spelling book on June 2, 1828, and presented the
manuscript to a printer in York on June 19, 1828, for the Methodist
Indian Missionary School he ran, which Conference Missionary Society
was a Methodist society. Also, in his book _Life and journals of
Kah-ke-wa-quo-na-by_, in the journal entry for the 19th, it says,
"Arrived at York in the afternoon, and commenced getting a small Indian
spelling book, which I had written, printed at Mr. McKenzie's office."
and considering "Spelling" was only 12 printed pages--3 sheets of
paper--that, I think, does qualify as "a small Indian spelling
book."

_Syncope:_

Several words are presented in a partial syncope form. For example,
_gagiinawishkiwin_ to mean a fib, a lie or a falsehood, in the partial
syncope form is _ggiinawishkiwin_, and the full syncope form is
_ggiinwishkwin_. Summerfield presents this word as _Kenahweskewin,
n. falsehood_, which seems to match the partial syncope form of the
word. However, if this partial syncope is noted, so should the dozen
or so other words shown in partial syncope.

       *       *       *       *       *
           *       *       *       *

Errors and Anomalies

_Spelling Book_:

  [Title page]
  Ah-ne-she-nah-pay,  [-nah-pa]
  Kah-ke-ke-noo-ah-mah-ween-twah  [Ka-ke-ke-]

  [Words of one Syllable]
  Squahch  [Squach]
  shwahs  [shwas]

  [Words of two syllables accented on the 1st & 2nd]
  kah che  [ka che]

  [Words of three syllables accented on the last]
  ko se non [koo se non]

  Words of four syllables accented on the sixth.
    [_text unchanged: probably error for "on the first"_]

  [Six syllables] [Accented on the second and last]
  wah wah pe ko noo jeeh  [koo noo jhee]

  [Lord's Prayer]
  Oo-tah-nu-me-tah-koo-se-win.  [Oo-tah-ne-me-]
  ne-kah-e-she-wa-pe-se-min  [-we-pe-se-min]
  nah-sahb-e-koo  [nah-sab-e-koo]

  [Grace Before Meat]
  me-chim-pe-mah-te-se-win  [me-chim pe-mah-]
  kah-pah-ke-te-nah-mah-we-yongk  [ke-te- nah]
  ka-oon-je-mah-skah-we-se-yongk  [ka-oon-je mah-skah-]
  Jesus Christ a-spa-ne-moo-yongk  [a-pa-ne-]

  [Grace After Meat]
  [_first line as printed:_
  Ah-noo-shoo-tah -mah--ka-win, kah--e-squah, we-se-ningk.]
  ka-ah-pa-ne-moo-yongk  [-ne-moo yongk]


_Grammar Book_:

  Nestahnah ahshepachick
    [_spelling as in original: expected form is "-zhick"_]
  necessarily implies an agent and an object acted upon
    [an abject]

  [Fable]
  quakeskahwod enahkahkayah wahwazheowening
    [_text reads enahka-/yah at line break_]

  [Vocabulary]
  Ahnweh, n. a bullet  [Ahnewh]
  Dahdahwawegahmig, n. a store or shop  [Dahdahwawegahnig]
  Kenahweskewin, n. falsehood
    [_printed as shown: better form is "Kkenahweskewin"_]
  Mahnedoo, n. a spirit  [s spirit]
  Mahdwayahbegahegun, n. a fiddle ... capable of vibrating  [cabable]
  Mezheshenon, v. give us  [Mezheshenom]
  Nasagwahbedaoonance, n. a pin, which signifies to prick with
    [signifiies]
  Pegiwh, n. gum, wax  [Pegwih]
  Wak, n. spawn
    [_printed as shown: should be "Wahk" or "Wauk"_]


_Missing Letters:_

The second page of the "Fable" is imperfectly reproduced, so the end of
each printed line is conjectural. The text is shown here as printed,
with added letters in [brackets]. Line-end hyphens represent word
breaks, not glottal stops.

  kiya kegezhechegahdagoobun! Ewh peenjahye-ee weba[h-]
  goobun. Kagate onesheshin oostegwan ayaug omah, eke[-]
  doo owh wahgoosh; kagate mejenahwa yahdahkahmi[g]
  kahwenaindib ahyahsenoog!

  Nahnind quahnoj quewesansug ahyahwug kiya equa[-]
  sansug kemahzheh ekoogenedwah oowh enaindahmoowo[d]
  kahween kagoo ohbahbah mahndahsenahwah, ewh ata[h]
  oobeshegadahgoosewenewah, ahgoonwatahtesuwod kagoo
  chekekadahmoowod medush azhe quakeskahwod enahka[hka-]
  yah wahwazheowening. Koonemah eneneh odah ahtoo[d]
  ewh onindj emah ostegwahning onowh pazhik kiya tahe[-]
  kedooh kahekedood owh wahgoosh kagate sahquahno[j]
  owh oostegwan omah ayog kagate sah mejenah wayahda[h-]
  kahmig ahyah senoog ewh wenaindib.




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