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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of 2)
+(1854), by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of 2) (1854)
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Griffiths
+
+Release Date: November 28, 2006 [EBook #19949]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUTOGRAPHS FOR FREEDOM ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Curtis Weyant, Richard J. Shiffer and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images produced by the Wright
+American Fiction Project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this text as
+faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other
+inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an obvious error by
+the publisher is noted at the end of this ebook.]
+
+
+
+
+AUTOGRAPHS
+
+FOR FREEDOM.
+
+
+EDITED BY
+
+JULIA GRIFFITHS.
+
+
+    "In the long vista of the years to roll,
+      Let me not see my country's honor fade;
+    Oh! let me see our land retain its soul!
+      Her pride in Freedom, and not Freedom's shade."
+
+
+AUBURN:
+ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & CO.
+
+ROCHESTER:
+WANZER, BEARDSLEY & CO.
+
+
+1854.
+
+
+ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by
+ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & CO.,
+In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District
+of New York.
+
+
+STEREOTYPED BY
+THOMAS B. SMITH,
+216 William St. N. Y.
+
+[Illustration: J. B. Giddings (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)]
+
+
+
+
+Preface.
+
+
+In commending this, the second volume of "_the Autographs for
+Freedom_," to the attention of the public, "THE ROCHESTER LADIES'
+ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY" would congratulate themselves and the friends of
+freedom generally on the progress made, during the past year, by the
+cause to which the book is devoted.
+
+We greet thankfully those who have contributed of the wealth of their
+genius; the strength of their convictions; the ripeness of their
+judgment; their earnestness of purpose; their generous sympathies; to
+the completeness and excellence of the work; and we shall hope to meet
+many of them, if not all, in other numbers of "_The Autograph_," which
+may be called forth ere the chains of the Slave shall be broken, and
+this country redeemed from the sin and the curse of Slavery.
+
+On behalf of the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Julia Griffiths]
+
+_Sec'y._
+
+ROCHESTER, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+Contents.
+
+
+  Subject                                  Author                PAGE
+
+  INTRODUCTION (The Colored People's
+      "Industrial College")           _Prof. C. L. Reason_         11
+
+  Massacre at Blount's Fort           _Hon. J. R. Giddings_        14
+
+  The Fugitive Slave Act              _Hon. Wm. Jay_               27
+
+  The Size of Souls                   _Antoinette L. Brown_        41
+
+  Vincent Og�                         _George B. Vashon_           44
+
+  The Law of Liberty                  _Rev. Dr. Wm. Marsh_         61
+
+  The Swiftness of Time in God        _Theodore Parker_            63
+
+  Visit of a Fugitive Slave to the
+      Grave of Wilberforce            _Wm. Wells Brown_            70
+
+  Narrative of Albert and Mary        _Dr. W. H. Brisbane_         77
+
+  Toil and Trust                      _Hon. Chas. F. Adams_       128
+
+  Friendship for the Slave is
+      Friendship for the Master       _Jacob Abbott_              134
+
+  Christine                           _Anne P. Adams_             139
+
+  The Intellectual, Moral, and
+      Spiritual Condition of the
+      Slave                           _J. M. Langston_            147
+
+  The Bible _versus_ Slavery          _Rev. Dr. Willis_           151
+
+  The Work Goes Bravely on            _W. J. Watkins_             156
+
+  Slaveholding not a Misfortune
+      but a Crime                     _Rev Win Brock_             158
+
+  The Illegality of Slaveholding      _Rev. W. Goodell_           159
+
+  "Ore Perennius"                     _David Paul Brown_          160
+
+  The Mission of America              _John S. C. Abbott_         161
+
+  Disfellowshipping the Slaveholder     _Lewis Tappan_            163
+
+  A Leaf from my Scrap Book           _Wm. J. Wilson_             165
+
+  Who is my Neighbor                  _Rev. Thos. Starr King_     174
+
+  Consolation for the Slave           _Dr. S. Willard_            175
+
+  The Key                             _Dr. S. Willard_            177
+
+  The True Mission of Liberty         _Dr. W. Elder_              178
+
+  The True Spirit of Reform           _Mary Willard_              180
+
+  A Welcome to Mrs. H. B. Stowe, on
+      her return from Europe          _J. C. Holly_               184
+
+  Forward (from the German)           _Rev. T. W. Higginson_      186
+
+  What has Canada to do with
+      Slavery?                        _Thos. Henning_             187
+
+  A Fragment                          _Rev. Rufus Ellis_          190
+
+  The Encroachment of the Slave
+  Power                               _John Jay, Esq._            192
+
+  The Dishonor of Labor               _Horace Greeley_            194
+
+  The Evils of Colonization           _Wm. Watkins_               198
+
+  The Basis of the American
+  Constitution                        _Hon. Wm. H. Seward_        201
+
+  A Wish                              _Mrs. C. M. Kirkland_       207
+
+  A Dialogue                          _C. A. Bloss_               210
+
+  A time of Justice will come         _Hon. Gerit Smith_          225
+
+  Hope and Confidence                 _Prof. G. L. Reason_        226
+
+  A Letter that speaks for itself     _Jane G. Swisshelm_         230
+
+  On Freedom                          _R. W. Emerson_             235
+
+  Mary Smith. An Anti-Slavery
+      Reminiscence                    _Hon S. E. Sewell_          236
+
+  Freedom--Liberty                    _Dr. J. McCune Smith_       241
+
+  An Aspiration                       _Rev. E. H. Chapin_         242
+
+  The Dying Soliloquy of the
+      Victim of the Wilkesbarre
+      Tragedy                         _Mrs. H. H. Greenough_      243
+
+  Let all be Free                     _Hon. C. M. Clay_           248
+
+  Extract from a Speech               _Frederick Douglass_        251
+
+  Extract from an Unpublished Poem
+      on Freedom                      _William D. Snow_           256
+
+  Letter                              _Rev. H. Ward Beecher_      273
+
+  A Day Spent at Playford Hall        _Mrs. Harriet B. Stowe_     277
+
+  Teaching the Slave to Read          _Mary Irving_               304
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+The Colored People's "Industrial College."
+
+WHAT SOME OF THE BUILDERS HAVE THOUGHT.
+
+
+A word oft-times is expressive of an entire policy. Such is the term
+_Abolition_. Though formerly used as a synonym of _Anti-Slavery_,
+people now clearly understand that the designs of those who have
+ranged themselves under the first of these systems of reform are of
+deeper significance and wider scope than are the objects contemplated
+by the latter, and concern themselves not only with the great primary
+question of bodily freedom, but take in also the collateral issues
+connected with human enfranchisement, independent of race, complexion,
+or sex.
+
+The Abolitionist of to-day is the Iconoclast of the age, and his
+mission is to break the idolatrous images set up by a hypocritical
+Church, a Sham Democracy, or a corrupt public sentiment, and to
+substitute in their stead the simple and beautiful doctrine of a
+common brotherhood. He would elevate every creature by abolishing the
+hinderances and checks imposed upon him, whether these be legal or
+social--and in proportion as such grievances are invidious and severe,
+in such measure does he place himself in the front rank of the battle,
+to wage his emancipating war.
+
+Therefore it is that the Abolitionist has come to be considered the
+especial friend of the negro, since _he_, of all others, has been made
+to drink deep from the cup of oppression.
+
+The free-colored man at the north, for his bond-brother as for
+himself, has trusted hopefully in the increasing public sentiment,
+which, in the multiplication of these friends, has made his future
+prospects brighter. And, to-day, while he is making a noble struggle
+to vindicate the claims of his entire class, depending mainly for the
+accomplishment of that end on his own exertions, he passes in review
+the devotion and sacrifices made in his behalf: gratitude is in his
+heart, and thanks fell from his lips. But, in one department of
+reformatory exertion he feels that he has been neglected. He has seen
+his pledged allies throw themselves into the hottest of the battle, to
+fight for the Abolition of Capital Punishment--for the Prohibition of
+the Liquor Traffic--for the Rights of Women, and similar reforms,--but
+he has failed to see a corresponding earnestness, according to the
+influence of Abolitionists in the business world, in opening the
+avenues of industrial labor to the proscribed youth of the land. This
+work, therefore, is evidently left for himself to do. And he has laid
+his powers to the task. The record of his conclusions was given at
+Rochester, in July, and has become already a part of history.
+
+Though shut out from the workshops of the country, he is determined to
+make self-provision, so as to triumph over the spirit of caste that
+would keep him degraded. The utility of the Industrial Institution he
+would erect, must, he believes, commend itself to Abolitionists. But
+not only to them. The verdict of less liberal minds has been given
+already in its favor. The usefulness, the self-respect and
+self-dependence,--the combination of intelligence and handicraft,--the
+accumulation of the materials of wealth, all referable to such an
+Institution, present fair claims to the assistance of the entire
+American people.
+
+Whenever emancipation shall take place, immediate though it be, the
+subjects of it, like many who now make up the so-called free
+population, will be in what Geologists call, the "Transition State."
+The prejudice now felt against them for bearing on their persons the
+brand of slaves, cannot die out immediately. Severe trials will still
+be their portion--the curse of a "taunted race" must be expiated by
+almost miraculous proofs of advancement; and some of these miracles
+must be antecedent to the great day of Jubilee. To fight the battle on
+the bare ground of abstract principles, will fail to give us complete
+victory. The subterfuges of pro-slavery selfishness must _now_ be
+dragged to light, and the last weak argument,--that the negro can
+never contribute anything to advance the national character, "nailed
+to the counter as base coin." To the conquering of the difficulties
+heaped up in the path of his industry, the free-colored man of the
+North has pledged himself. Already he sees, springing into growth,
+from out his foster _work-school_, intelligent young laborers,
+competent to enrich the world with necessary products--industrious
+citizens, contributing their proportion to aid on the advancing
+civilization of the country;--self-providing artizans vindicating
+their people from the never-ceasing charge of a fitness for servile
+positions.
+
+Abolitionists ought to consider it a legitimate part of their great
+work, to aid in such an enterprise--to abolish not only chattel
+servitude, but that other kind of slavery, which, for generation after
+generation, dooms an oppressed people to a condition of dependence and
+pauperism. Such an Institution would be a shining mark, in even this
+enlightened age; and every man and woman, equipped by its discipline
+to do good battle in the arena of active life, would be, next to the
+emancipated bondman, the most desirable "_Autograph for Freedom_."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Chas. L. Reason]
+
+
+
+
+Massacre at Blount's Fort.
+
+
+On the west side of the Appalachicola River, some forty miles below
+the line of Georgia, are yet found the ruins of what was once called
+"BLOUNT'S FORT." Its ramparts are now covered with a dense growth of
+underbrush and small trees. You may yet trace out its bastions,
+curtains, and magazine. At this time the country adjacent presents the
+appearance of an unbroken wilderness, and the whole scene is one of
+gloomy solitude, associated as it is with one of the most cruel
+massacres which ever disgraced the American arms.
+
+The fort had originally been erected by civilized troops, and, when
+abandoned by its occupants at the close of the war, in 1815, it was
+taken possession of by the refugees from Georgia. But little is yet
+known of that persecuted people; their history can only be found in
+the national archives at Washington. They had been held as slaves in
+the State referred to; but during the Revolution they caught the
+spirit of liberty, at that time so prevalent throughout our land, and
+fled from their oppressors and found an asylum among the aborigines
+living in Florida.
+
+During forty years they had effectually eluded, or resisted, all
+attempts to re-enslave them. They were true to themselves, to the
+instinctive love of liberty, which is planted in every human heart.
+Most of them had been born amidst perils, reared in the forest, and
+taught from their childhood to hate the oppressors of their race. Most
+of those who had been personally held in degrading servitude, whose
+backs had been seared by the lash of the savage overseer, had passed
+to that spirit-land where the clanking of chains is not heard, where
+slavery is not known. Some few of that class yet remained. Their gray
+hairs and feeble limbs, however, indicated that they, too, must soon
+pass away. Of the three hundred and eleven persons residing in
+"Blount's Fort" not more than twenty had been actually held in
+servitude. The others were descended from slave parents, who fled from
+Georgia, and, according to the laws of slave States, were liable to
+suffer the same outrages to which their ancestors had been subjected.
+
+It is a most singular feature in slave-holding morals, that if the
+parents be robbed of their liberty, deprived of the rights with which
+their Creator has endowed them, the perpetrator of these wrongs
+becomes entitled to repeat them upon the children of their former
+victims. There were also some few parents and grandchildren, as well
+as middle-aged persons, who sought protection within the walls of the
+Fort against the vigilant slave-catchers who occasionally were seen
+prowling around the fortifications, but who dare not venture within
+the power of those whom they sought to enslave.
+
+These fugitives had planted their gardens, and some of them had flocks
+roaming in the wilderness; all were enjoying the fruits of their
+labor, and congratulating themselves upon being safe from the attacks
+of those who enslave mankind. But the spirit of oppression is
+inexorable. The slaveholders finding they could not themselves obtain
+possession of their intended victims, called on the President of the
+United States for assistance to perpetrate the crime of enslaving
+their fellow men. That functionary had been reared amid southern
+institutions. He entertained no doubt of the right of one man to
+enslave another. He did not doubt that if a man held in servitude
+should attempt to escape, he would be worthy of death. In short, he
+fully sympathised with those who sought his official aid. He
+immediately directed the Secretary of War to issue orders to the
+Commander of the "Southern Military District of the United States" to
+send a detachment of troops to destroy "Blount's Fort," and to "_seize
+those who occupied it and return them to their masters_."[1]
+
+General Jackson, at that time Commander of the Southern Military
+District, directed Lieut.-Colonel Clinch to perform the barbarous
+task. I was at one time personally acquainted with that officer, and
+know the impulses of his generous nature, and can readily account for
+the failure of his expedition. He marched to the vicinity of the Fort,
+made the necessary recognisance, and returned, making report that "the
+fortification was not accessible by land."[2]
+
+Orders were then issued to Commodore Patterson, directing him to carry
+out the directions of the Secretary of War. He at that time commanded
+the American flotilla lying in "Mobile Bay," and instantly issued an
+order to Lieut. Loomis to ascend the Appalachicola River with two
+gun-boats, "to seize the people in BLOUNT'S FORT, deliver them to
+their owners, and destroy the Fort."
+
+On the morning of the 17th Sept., A. D. 1816, a spectator might have
+seen several individuals standing upon the walls of that fortress
+watching with intense interest the approach of two small vessels that
+were slowly ascending the river, under full-spread canvas, by the aid
+of a light southern breeze. They were in sight at early dawn, but it
+was ten o'clock when they furled their sails and cast anchor opposite
+the Fort, and some four or five hundred yards distant from it.
+
+A boat was lowered, and soon a midshipman and twelve men were observed
+making for the shore. They were met at the water's edge by some half
+dozen of the principal men in the Fort, and their errand demanded.
+
+The young officer told them he was sent to make demand of the Fort,
+and that its inmates were to be given up to the "slaveholders, then on
+board the gun-boat, who claimed them as fugitive slaves!" The demand
+was instantly rejected, and the midshipman and his men returned to the
+gun-boats and informed Lieut. Loomis of the answer he had received.
+
+As the colored men entered the Fort they related to their companions
+the demand that had been made. Great was the consternation manifested
+by the females, and even a portion of the sterner sex appeared to be
+distressed at their situation. This was observed by an old patriarch,
+who had drunk the bitter cup of servitude, one who bore on his person
+the visible marks of the thong, as well as the brand of his master,
+upon his shoulder. He saw his friends faultered, and he spoke
+cheerfully to them. He assured them that they were safe from the
+cannon shot of the enemy--that there were not men enough on board the
+vessels to storm their Fort, and finally closed with the emphatic
+declaration: "_Give me liberty or give me death!_" This saying was
+repeated by many agonized fathers and mothers on that bloody day.
+
+A cannonade was soon commenced upon the Fort, but without much
+apparent effect. The shots were harmless; they penetrated the earth
+of which the walls were composed, and were there buried, without
+further injury. Some two hours were thus spent without injuring any
+person in the Fort. They then commenced throwing bombs. The bursting
+of these shells had more effect. There was no shelter from these fatal
+messages. Mothers gathered their little ones around them and pressed
+their babes more closely to their bosoms, as one explosion after
+another warned them of their imminent danger. By these explosions some
+were occasionally wounded and a few killed, until, at length, the
+shrieks of the wounded and groans of the dying were heard in various
+parts of the fortress.
+
+Do you ask why these mothers and children were thus butchered in cold
+blood? I answer, they were slain for adhering to the doctrine that
+"all men are endowed by their Creator with the _inalienable right to
+enjoy life and liberty_." Holding to this doctrine of Hancock and of
+Jefferson, the power of the nation was arrayed against them, and our
+army employed to deprive them of life.
+
+The bombardment was continued some hours with but little effect, so
+far as the assailants could discover. They manifested no disposition
+to surrender. The day was passing away. Lieut. Loomis called a council
+of officers and put to them the question, _what further shall be
+done_? An under officer suggested the propriety of firing "hot shot at
+the magazine." The proposition was agreed to. The furnaces were
+heated, balls were prepared, and the cannonade was resumed. The
+occupants of the Fort felt relieved by the change. They could hear the
+deep humming sound of the cannon balls, to which they had become
+accustomed in the early part of the day, and some made themselves
+merry at the supposed folly of their assailants. They knew not that
+the shot was heated, and was therefore unconscious of the danger which
+threatened them.
+
+The sun was rapidly descending in the west. The tall pines and spruce
+threw their shadows over the fortification. The roar of the cannon,
+the sighing of the shot, the groans of the wounded, the dark shades of
+approaching evening, all conspired to render the scene one of intense
+gloom. They longed for the approaching night to close around them in
+order that they might bury the dead, and flee to the wilderness for
+safety.
+
+Suddenly a startling phenomena presented itself to their astonished
+view. The heavy embankment and timbers protecting the magazine
+appeared to rise from the earth, and the next _instant_ the dreadful
+explosion overwhelmed them, and the next found _two hundred and
+seventy_ parents and children in the immediate presence of a holy God,
+making their appeal for retributive justice upon the government who
+had murdered them, and the freemen of the north who sustained such
+unutterable crimes.[3]
+
+Many were crushed by the falling earth and the timbers; many were
+entirely buried in the ruins. Some were horribly mangled by the
+fragments of timber and the explosion of charged shells that were in
+the magazine. Limbs were torn from the bodies to which they had been
+attached. Mothers and babes lay beside each other, wrapped in that
+sleep which knows no waking.
+
+The sun had set, and the twilight of evening was closing around them,
+when some sixty sailors, under the officer second in command, landed,
+and, without opposition, entered the Fort. The veteran sailors,
+accustomed to blood and carnage, were horror-stricken as they viewed
+the scene before them. They were accompanied, however, by some twenty
+slaveholders, all anxious for their prey. These paid little attention
+to the dead and dying, but anxiously seized upon the living, and,
+fastening the fetters upon their limbs, hurried them from the Fort,
+and instantly commenced their return towards the frontier of Georgia.
+Some fifteen persons in the Fort survived the terrible explosion, and
+they now sleep in servile graves, or moan and weep in bondage.
+
+The officer in command of the party, with his men, returned to the
+boats as soon as the slaveholders were fairly in possession of their
+victims. The sailors appeared gloomy and thoughtful as they returned
+to their vessels. The anchors were weighed, the sails unfurled, and
+both vessels hurried from the scene of butchery as rapidly as they
+were able. After the officers had retired to their cabins, the
+rough-featured sailors gathered before the mast, and loud and bitter
+were the curses they uttered against slavery and against those
+officers of government who had then constrained them to murder women
+and helpless children, merely for their love of liberty.
+
+But the dead remained unburied; and the next day the vultures were
+feeding upon the carcasses of young men and young women, whose hearts
+on the previous morning had beaten high with expectation. Their bones
+have been bleaching in the sun for thirty-seven years, and may yet be
+seen scattered among the ruins of that ancient fortification.
+
+Twenty-two years elapsed, and a representative in Congress, from one
+of the free States, reported a bill giving to the perpetrators of
+these murders a gratuity of five thousand dollars from the public
+treasury, as a token of the gratitude which the people of this nation
+felt for the soldierly and gallant manner in which the crime was
+committed toward them. The bill passed both houses of Congress, was
+approved by the President, and now stands upon our statute book among
+the laws enacted at the 3d Session of the 25th Congress.
+
+The facts are all found scattered among the various public documents
+which repose in the alcoves of our National Library. But no historian
+has been willing to collect and publish them, in consequence of the
+deep disgrace which they reflect upon the American arms, and upon
+those who then controlled the government.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) J. R. Giddings]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Vide Executive documents of the 2d Session 13th Congress.
+
+[2] It is believed that this report was suggested by the humanity of
+Col. Clinch. He was reputed one of the bravest and most energetic
+officers in the service. He possessed an indomitable perseverance, and
+could probably have captured the Fort in one hour, had he desired to
+do so.
+
+[3] That is the number officially reported by the officer in command,
+vide Executive doc. of the 13th Congress.
+
+
+
+
+The Fugitive Slave Act.
+
+
+Few laws have ever been passed better calculated than this to harden
+the heart and benumb the conscience of every man who assists in its
+execution. It pours contempt upon the dictates of justice and
+humanity. It levels in the dust the barriers erected by the common law
+for the protection of personal liberty. Its victims are native born
+Americans, uncharged with crime. These men are seized, without notice,
+and instantly carried before an officer, by whom they are generally
+hurried off into a cruel bondage, for the remainder of their days, and
+sometimes without time being allowed for a parting interview with
+their families. Such treatment would be cruel toward criminals; but
+these men are adjudged to toil, to stripes, to ignorance, to poverty,
+to hopeless degradation, on the pretence that they "owe service."
+This allegation all know to be utterly false, they having never
+promised to serve, and being legally incapable of making any contract.
+Every act of Christian kindness to these unhappy people, tending to
+secure to them the rights which our declaration of independence
+asserts belong _to all_ men, is made by this accursed law a penal
+offence, to be punished with fine and imprisonment. Mock judges,
+unknown to the constitution, and bribed by the promise of double fees
+to re-enslave the fugitive, are commanded to decide, _summarily_, the
+most momentous personal issue, with the single exception of life and
+death, that could possibly engage the attention of a legal tribunal of
+the most august character. Yet this tremendous issue of liberty or
+bondage, is to be decided, not only in a hurry, but on such _prima
+facie_ evidence as may satisfy the judge, and this judge, too,
+_selected_ from a herd of similar creatures, by the claimant himself!!
+An _ex parte_ affidavit, made by an absent and interested party, with
+the certificate of an absent judge that he believes it to be true, is
+to be received as CONCLUSIVE, in the face of any amount of oral and
+documentary testimony to the contrary. "Can a man take fire into his
+bosom and not be burned?" Can a man aid in executing such a law
+without defiling his own conscience? Yet does this profligate statute,
+with impious arrogance, command "ALL GOOD CITIZENS" to assist in
+enforcing it, when required so to do by an official slave-catcher!
+
+It is a singular fact, in the history of this enactment, that Mr.
+Mason, who introduced the bill, and Mr. Webster, who, in advance,
+pledged to it his support "to the fullest extent," both confessed, on
+the floor of Congress, that in their individual judgments, it was
+UNCONSTITUTIONAL,--that is, that the constitution, as they expounded
+it, imposed upon the _States_ severally, the obligation to surrender
+fugitive slaves, and gave Congress no power to legislate on the
+subject. The Supreme Court, however, having otherwise determined,
+these gentlemen acquiesced in its decision, without being convinced by
+it. It is well known how grossly Mr. Webster, in his subsequent
+canvass for the Presidency, insulted all who, like himself, denied the
+constitutionality of the law. Another significant fact in the same
+history is, that the law was passed by a _minority_ of the House of
+Representatives. Of 232 members, only 109 recorded their names in its
+favor. Many, deterred either by scruples of conscience or doubts of
+the popularity of the measure, declined voting, while party discipline
+prevented them from offering to it an open and manly resistance. A
+third fact in this history, worthy to be remembered, is, that the
+advocates of the law are conscious that its revolting provisions would
+not bear discussion, forced its passage under the previous question,
+thus preventing any remarks on its enormities--any appeals to the
+consciences of the members--against the perpetration of such
+detestable wickedness.
+
+Seldom has any public iniquity been committed to which the words of
+the Psalmist have been so applicable: "Surely the wrath of man shall
+praise THEE; and the remainder of wrath shalt THOU restrain."
+
+It was happily so ordered, that several of the early seizures and
+surrenders under this law were conducted with such marked barbarity,
+such cruel indecent haste, such wanton disregard of justice and of
+humanity, as to shock the moral sense of the community, and to render
+the law intensely hateful.
+
+Very soon after the law went into operation, one of the pseudo judges
+created by it, surrendered an alleged slave, on evidence which no jury
+would have deemed sufficient to establish a title to a dog. In vain
+the wretched man declared his freedom--in vain he named six witnesses
+whom he swore could prove his freedom--in vain he implored for a delay
+of ONE HOUR. He was sent off as a slave, guarded, at the expense of
+the United States treasury, to his pretended master in Maryland, who
+honestly refused to receive him. The judge had made a mistake (!) and
+had sent a free man instead of a slave.
+
+This vile law, although of course receiving the sanction of the
+Democrats, it being a bid for the Presidency, was a device of the Whig
+party, and could not have been carried but by the co-operation of
+Webster, Clay, and Fillmore. As if to enhance the value of the bid,
+the Administration affected a desire to baptise it in northern blood,
+by making resistance to the law, a crime to be punished with DEATH.
+The hustling of an officer, and the consequent escape of an arrested
+fugitive, were declared, by the Secretary of State, to be a _levying
+of war against the United States_--of course an act of HIGH TREASON,
+to be expiated on the gallows; and the rioters at Christiana were
+prosecuted for HIGH TREASON, in pursuance of orders forwarded from
+Washington. This wretched sycophancy won no favor from the
+slaveholders, and the result of the abominable and absurd prosecution
+only brought on the authors and advocates of the law fresh obloquy.
+When men obtain some rich and splendid prize, by their wrong-doing,
+many admire their boldness and dexterity, but foolish, profitless
+wickedness ensures only contempt. The northern Whigs, in doing
+obeisance to the slave power, sinned against their oft-repeated and
+solemn professions and pledges. They sinned in the expectation of
+thereby electing a President, and enjoying the patronage he would
+dispense. Most bitterly were these men disappointed, first in the
+candidate selected, and next in the result of the election. The party
+has been beaten to death, and it died unhonored and unwept. Let the
+Fugitive Slave Law be its epitaph. Truly the Whig politicians were
+"snared in the work of their own hands."
+
+Certain fashionable Divines deemed it expedient to second the efforts
+of the politicians in catching slaves, by talking from their pulpits
+about Hebrew slavery, and the reverence due to the "powers that be
+ordained of God." Yet the injunctions of the fugitive law were so
+obviously at variance with the "HIGHER LAW" of justice and mercy which
+these gentlemen were required by their Divine Master to inculcate,
+that "cotton divinity" fell into disrepute, nor could the plaudits of
+politicians and union committees save its clerical professors from
+forfeiting the esteem and confidence of multitudes of Christian
+people.
+
+But Whig politicians and cotton Divines are not the only friends of
+the fugitive law to whom it has made most ungrateful returns. The
+Democratic leaders, bidding against the Whigs for the Presidency, were
+most vociferous in expressions of the delight they took in the human
+chase. Democratic candidates for the Presidency, to the goodly number
+of NINE, gave public attestations under their _signs manual_, of their
+approbation of a law outraging the principles of Democracy, as well as
+of common justice and humanity. Each and all of these men were
+rejected, and the slaveholders selected an individual whom they were
+well assured would be their obsequious tool, but who had offered no
+bribe for their votes.
+
+But did the slaveholders themselves gain more by this law than their
+northern auxiliaries? They, indeed, hailed its passage as a mighty
+triumph. The nation had given them a law, drafted by themselves,
+laying down the rules of the hunt, as best suited their pleasure and
+interest. Wealthy and influential gentlemen in our commercial cities,
+out of compliment to southern electors, became amateur huntsmen, and
+in New York and Boston the chase was pursued with all the zeal and
+apparent delight that could have been expected in Guinea or Virginia.
+Slave-catching was the test, at once, of patriotism and gentility,
+while sympathy for the wretched fugitive was the mark of vulgar
+fanaticism. The north was humbled in the dust, by the action of her
+own recreant sons. Every "good citizen" found himself, for the first
+time in the history of mankind, a slave-catcher by law. Every
+official, appointed by a slave-catching judge, was invested with the
+authority of a High Sheriff, being empowered to call out the _posse
+comitatus_, and compel the neighbors to join in a slave chase. Well,
+indeed, might the slaveholders rejoice and make merry;--well, indeed,
+in the insolence of triumph, might they command the people of the
+north to hold their tongues about "the peculiar institution," under
+pain of their sore displeasure.
+
+But amid this slavery jubilee, a woman's heart was swelling and
+heaving with indignant sorrow at the outrages offered to God and man
+by the fugitive law. Her pent up emotions struggled for utterance,
+and at last, as if moved by some mighty inspiration, and in all the
+fervor of Christian love, she put forth a book which arrested the
+attention of the WORLD. A miracle of authorship, this book attained,
+within twelve months, a circulation without a parallel in the history
+of printing. In that brief space, about two millions of volumes
+proclaimed, in the languages of civilization, the wrongs of the slave
+and the atrocities of the AMERICAN FUGITIVE LAW. The gaze of mankind
+is now turned upon the slaveholders and their northern auxiliaries,
+both clerical and lay. The subjects of European despotisms console
+themselves with the grateful conviction, that however harsh may be
+their own governments, they make no approach to the baseness or to the
+cruelty and tyranny of the "peculiar institution" of the Model
+Republic.[4]
+
+One slaveholder, together with the cotton men of the north, fretted
+and vexed by their sudden and unenviable notoriety, foolishly
+attempted to obviate the impressions made by the book, by denouncing
+it as a lying fiction. Nay, one of the most affecting illustrations of
+pure and undefiled Christianity that ever proceeded from an uninspired
+pen, was gravely declared, by an organ of cotton divinity, to be an
+ANTI-CHRISTIAN book.[5] Truly, indeed, the wisdom of man is
+foolishness with God. "He disappointeth the devices of the crafty."
+
+Branded with falsehood and impiety, the author was happily put on her
+trial before the civilized world. She collected, arranged, and gave to
+the press, a mass of unimpeachable documents, consisting of laws,
+judicial decisions, trials, confessions of slaveholders,
+advertisements from southern papers, and testimonies of eye-witnesses.
+The proof was conclusive and overwhelming that the picture she had
+drawn of American slavery was unfaithful, only because the coloring
+was faint, and wanted the crimson dye of the original. A verdict of
+not guilty of exaggeration has been rendered by acclamation.
+
+It has long been the standing refuge of the slaveholders, that
+northern men and Europeans, in condemning slavery, were passing
+judgment against an institution of which they were ignorant. The
+"peculiar institution" was represented as some great _mystery_ which
+could not be understood beyond the slave region. Thanks to the
+fugitive law, it has led to the construction of a "_key_," which has
+unlocked our Republican bastile, thrown open to the sunlight its
+hideous dungeons, and exposed the various instruments of torture for
+subjecting the soul, as well as the body, to hopeless and unresisting
+bondage. The iniquity of our cherished institution is no longer a
+MYSTERY. All Christendom is now made familiar with it, and is sending
+forth a cry of indignant remonstrance and of taunting scorn. Such is
+the suppression of anti-slavery agitation given to the slaveholders by
+their northern friends--such the strength imparted by the fugitive
+slave law to the system of human bondage. How applicable to the
+inventors and supporters of that statute are the words of David, in
+regard to some politician of his own day: "Behold he travaileth with
+iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood. He
+made a pit, and digged it, and is fallen into the ditch which he made.
+His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing
+shall come down upon his own pate;" and then he adds, "I will praise
+the Lord." So also let the Christian bless and magnify HIM, who by his
+infinite wisdom brings good out of evil, and in the case of the
+fugitive law, HATH CAUSED THE WRATH OF MAN TO PRAISE HIM.
+
+But there is still a _remainder_ of wrath. The law is still on the
+Statute Book, and hungry politicians are promising that there it
+shall ever remain; and terrible threats come from the south, of the
+ruin that shall overwhelm the free States, should the law be repealed
+or rendered less abominable than at present. Yet, in spite of northern
+promises, and professions of security, and in spite of the great
+swelling words of the dealers in human flesh, the _practical_, like
+the moral working of the law, has been very far from what its authors
+anticipated. The law was passed the 18th September, 1850, and, in two
+years and nine months, not fifty slaves have been recovered under
+it--not an average of EIGHTEEN slaves a year! Poor compensation this
+to the slaveholders for making themselves a bye-word, a proverb, and a
+reproach to Christendom--for giving a new and mighty impulse to
+abolition, and for deepening the detestation felt by the true friends
+of liberty and humanity, for an institution asking and obtaining for
+its protection a law so repugnant to the moral sense of mankind. But
+while this artful and wicked law, with its army of ten-dollar judges,
+and marshals, and constables, and office-seekers, and politicians,
+with the President and his cabinet all striving to enforce it, "to the
+fullest extent," has restored to their masters not _eighteen slaves_
+a year; the escapes from the prison house have probably never been
+more numerous, nor the aid and sympathy afforded by Christians more
+abundant. Thus has THE REMAINDER OF WRATH BEEN RESTRAINED. In the
+marvellous conversion of this odious law into an anti-slavery agency,
+let us find a new motive for unceasing and unwearied agitation against
+slavery, and a new pledge of ultimate triumph.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William Jay]
+
+BEDFORD, June 1853.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] A late American traveller, in Germany, invited to an evening party
+at the house of a Professor, attempted to compliment the company by
+expressing his indignation at the oppression which "the dear old
+German fatherland" suffered at the hands of its rulers. The American's
+profferred sympathy was coldly received. "We admit," was the reply,
+"that there is much wrong here, but we do not admit the right of _your
+country_ to rebuke it. There is a system now with you, worse than any
+thing which we know of tyranny--your SLAVERY. It is a disgrace and
+blot on your free government and on a Christian State. We have nothing
+in Russia or Hungary which is so degrading, and we have nothing which
+so crushes the mind. And more than this, we hear you have now a LAW,
+just passed by your National Assembly, which would disgrace the cruel
+code of the Czar. We hear of free men and women, hunted like dogs on
+your mountains, and sent back, without trial, to bondage worse than
+our serfs have ever known. We have, in Europe, many excuses in ancient
+evils and deep-laid prejudices, but you, the young and free people, in
+this age, to be passing again, afresh, such measures of unmitigated
+wrong!"--_Home life in Germany, by Charles Loving Brace_. Mr. Brace
+honestly adds: "_I must say that the blood tingled to my cheek with
+shame, as he spoke_."
+
+[5] "We have read the book, and regard it as Anti-Christian, on the
+same grounds that the chronicle regards it decidedly anti
+ministerial."--New York Observer, September 22, 1852.--_Editorial_.
+The Bishop of Rome also regards the book as Anti-Christian, and has
+forbidden his subjects to read it. On the other hand, the clergy of
+Great Britain differ most widely from the reverend gentlemen of the
+"Observer" and the Vatican, in their estimate of the character of the
+book. Said Dr. Wardlaw, who on this subject may be regarded as the
+representative of the Protestant Divines of Europe: "He who can read
+it without the breathings of devotion, must, if he call himself a
+Christian, have a Christianity as _unique and questionable_ as his
+humanity."
+
+
+[Illustration: Antoinette L. Brown (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+The Size of Souls.
+
+
+A quaint old writer describes a class of persons who have souls so
+very small that "500 of them could dance at once upon the point of a
+cambric needle." These wee people are often wrapped up in a lump of
+the very coarsest of human clay, ponderous enough to give them the
+semblance of full-grown men and women. A grain of mustard seed, buried
+in the heart of a mammoth pumpkin, would be no comparison to the
+little soul, sheathed in its full grown body. The contrast in size
+would be insufficient to convey an adequate impression; and the tiny
+soul has little of the mustard seed spiciness.
+
+Yet if this mass of flesh is only wrapped up in a _white skin_, even
+though it is not nearly thick enough to conceal the grossness and
+coarseness of the veiled material, the poor "feeble folk" within will
+fancy that he really belongs to the natural variety of aristocratic
+humanity. He has the good taste to refuse condescension sufficient to
+allow him to eat at table with a Frederick Douglass, a Samuel R. Ward,
+or a Dr. Pennington. Poor light little soul! It can borrow a pair of
+flea's legs, and, hopping up to the magnificent lights of public
+opinion, sit looking down upon the whole colored race in sovereign
+contempt.
+
+Take off the thin veneering of a white skin, substitute in its stead
+the real African ebony, and then place him side by side with one of
+the above-mentioned men. Measure intellect with intellect--eloquence
+with eloquence! Mental and moral infancy stand abashed in the presence
+of nature's noblemen!
+
+So, mere complexion is elevated above character. Sensible men and
+women are not ashamed of the acknowledgment. The fact has a popular
+endorsement. People _sneer_ at _you_ if you are not ready to
+comprehend the fitness of the thing. If you cannot weigh mind in a
+balance with a moiety of coloring matter, and still let the mind be
+found wanting, expect, in America, to lose cast yourself for want of
+approved taste.
+
+If sin is capable of being made to look mean, narrow,
+contemptible--to exhibit itself in its character of thorough,
+unmitigated bitterness--it is when exhibited in the light of our
+"peculiar" prejudices. Mind, Godlike, immortal mind, with its burden
+of deathless thought, its comprehensive and discriminating reason, its
+brilliant wit, its genial humor, its store-house of thrilling
+memories--a voice of mingled power and pathos, words burning with the
+unconsuming fire of genius, virtues gathering in ripened beauty upon a
+brave heart, and moral integrity preeminent over all else--all this
+could not make a black man the social equal of a white coxcomb, even
+though his brain were as blank as white paper, and his heart as black
+as darkness concentrated. May heaven alleviate our undiluted
+stupidity!
+
+                                   ANTOINETTE L. BROWN.
+
+
+
+
+Vincent Og�
+
+     [Fragments of a poem hitherto unpublished, upon a revolt of
+     the free persons of color, in the island of St. Domingo (now
+     Hayti), in the years 1790-1.]
+
+      There is, at times, an evening sky--
+        The twilight's gift--of sombre hue,
+      All checkered wild and gorgeously
+        With streaks of crimson, gold and blue;--
+      A sky that strikes the soul with awe,
+        And, though not brilliant as the sheen,
+      Which in the east at morn we saw,
+        Is far more glorious, I ween;--
+      So glorious that, when night hath come
+      And shrouded it in deepest gloom,
+      We turn aside with inward pain
+      And pray to see that sky again.
+      Such sight is like the struggle made
+      When freedom bids unbare the blade,
+      And calls from every mountain glen--
+        From every hill--from every plain,
+      Her chosen ones to stand like men,
+        And cleanse their souls from every stain
+      Which wretches, steeped in crime and blood,
+      Have cast upon the form of God.
+      Though peace like morning's golden hue,
+        With blooming groves and waving fields,
+      Is mildly pleasing to the view,
+        And all the blessings that it yields
+      Are fondly welcomed by the breast
+        Which finds delight in passion's rest,
+      That breast with joy foregoes them all,
+      While listening to Freedom's call.
+      Though red the carnage,--though the strife
+      Be filled with groans of parting life,--
+      Though battle's dark, ensanguined skies
+      Give echo but to agonies--
+        To shrieks of wild despairing,--
+      We willingly repress a sigh--
+      Nay, gaze with rapture in our eye,
+      Whilst "FREEDOM!" is the rally-cry
+        That calls to deeds of daring.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      The waves dash brightly on thy shore,
+        Fair island of the southern seas!
+      As bright in joy as when of yore
+        They gladly hailed the Genoese,--
+      That daring soul who gave to Spain
+      A world--last trophy of her reign!
+      Basking in beauty, thou dost seem
+      A vision in a poet's dream!
+      Thou look'st as though thou claim'st not birth
+      With sea and sky and other earth,
+      That smile around thee but to show
+      Thy beauty in a brighter glow,--
+      That are unto thee as the foil
+        Artistic hands have featly set
+      Around Golconda's radiant spoil,
+        To grace some lofty coronet,--
+      A foil which serves to make the gem
+      The glory of that diadem!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      If Eden claimed a favored haunt,
+        Most hallowed of that blessed ground,
+      Where tempting fiend with guileful taunt
+        A resting-place would ne'er have found,--
+      As shadowing it well might seek
+        The loveliest home in that fair isle,
+      Which in its radiance seemed to speak
+        As to the charmed doth Beauty's smile,
+      That whispers of a thousand things
+      For which words find no picturings.
+      Like to the gifted Greek who strove
+        To paint a crowning work of art,
+      And form his ideal Queen of Love,
+        By choosing from each grace a part,
+      Blending them in one beauteous whole,
+      To charm the eye, transfix the soul,
+      And hold it in enraptured fires,
+      Such as a dream of heaven inspires,--
+      So seem the glad waves to have sought
+        From every place its richest treasure,
+      And borne it to that lovely spot,
+        To found thereon a home of pleasure;--
+      A home where balmy airs might float
+        Through spicy bower and orange grove;
+      Where bright-winged birds might turn the note
+        Which tells of pure and constant love;
+      Where earthquake stay its demon force,
+      And hurricane its wrathful course;
+      Where nymph and fairy find a home,
+      And foot of spoiler never come.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      And Og� stands mid this array
+        Of matchless beauty, but his brow
+      Is brightened not by pleasure's play;
+        He stands unmoved--nay, saddened now,
+      As doth the lorn and mateless bird
+      That constant mourns, whilst all unheard,
+      The breezes freighted with the strains
+      Of other songsters sweep the plain,--
+      That ne'er breathes forth a joyous note,
+      Though odors on the zephyrs float--
+      The tribute of a thousand bowers,
+      Rich in their store of fragrant flowers.
+      Yet Og�'s was a mind that joyed
+        With nature in her every mood,
+      Whether in sunshine unalloyed
+        With darkness, or in tempest rude
+      And, by the dashing waterfall,
+        Or by the gently flowing river,
+      Or listening to the thunder's call,
+        He'd joy away his life forever.
+      But ah! life is a changeful thing,
+        And pleasures swiftly pass away,
+      And we may turn, with shuddering,
+        From what we sighed for yesterday.
+      The guest, at banquet-table spread
+      With choicest viands, shakes with dread,
+      Nor heeds the goblet bright and fair,
+      Nor tastes the dainties rich and rare,
+      Nor bids his eye with pleasure trace
+      The wreathed flowers that deck the place,
+      If he but knows there is a draught
+      Among the cordials, that, if quaffed,
+      Will send swift poison through his veins.
+        So Og� seems; nor does his eye
+      With pleasure view the flowery plains,
+        The bounding sea, the spangled sky,
+      As, in the short and soft twilight,
+        The stars peep brightly forth in heaven,
+      And hasten to the realms of night,
+        As handmaids of the Even.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      The loud shouts from the distant town,
+        Joined in with nature's gladsome lay;
+      The lights went glancing up and down,
+        Riv'ling the stars--nay, seemed as they
+      Could stoop to claim, in their high home,
+        A sympathy with things of earth,
+      And had from their bright mansions come,
+        To join them in their festal mirth.
+    For the land of the Gaul had arose in its might,
+    And swept by as the wind of a wild, wintry night;
+    And the dreamings of greatness--the phantoms of power,
+    Had passed in its breath like the things of an hour.
+    Like the violet vapors that brilliantly play
+    Round the glass of the chemist, then vanish away,
+    The visions of grandeur which dazzlingly shone,
+    Had gleamed for a time, and all suddenly gone.
+    And the fabric of ages--the glory of kings,
+    Accounted most sacred mid sanctified things,
+    Reared up by the hero, preserved by the sage,
+    And drawn out in rich hues on the chronicler's page,
+    Had sunk in the blast, and in ruins lay spread,
+    While the altar of freedom was reared in its stead.
+    And a spark from that shrine in the free-roving breeze,
+    Had crossed from fair France to that isle of the seas;
+    And a flame was there kindled which fitfully shone
+    Mid the shout of the free, and the dark captive's groan;
+    As, mid contrary breezes, a torch-light will play,
+    Now streaming up brightly--now dying away.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      The reptile slumbers in the stone,
+        Nor dream we of his pent abode;
+      The heart conceals the anguished groan,
+        With all the poignant griefs that goad
+                      The brain to madness;
+      Within the hushed volcano's breast,
+        The molten fires of ruin lie;--
+      Thus human passions seem at rest,
+        And on the brow serene and high,
+                      Appears no sadness.
+      But still the fires are raging there,
+      Of vengeance, hatred, and despair;
+      And when they burst, they wildly pour
+        Their lava flood of woe and fear,
+      And in one short--one little hour,
+        Avenge the wrongs of many a year.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      And Og� standeth in his hall;
+        But now he standeth not alone;--
+      A brother's there, and friends; and all
+        Are kindred spirits with his own;
+      For mind will join with kindred mind,
+      As matter's with its like combined.
+      They speak of wrongs they had received--
+      Of freemen, of their rights bereaved;
+      And as they pondered o'er the thought
+      Which in their minds so madly wrought,
+      Their eyes gleamed as the lightning's flash,
+      Their words seemed as the torrent's dash
+      That falleth, with a low, deep sound,
+      Into some dark abyss profound,--
+      A sullen sound that threatens more
+      Than other torrents' louder roar.
+      Ah! they had borne well as they might,
+        Such wrongs as freemen ill can bear;
+      And they had urged both day and night,
+        In fitting words, a freeman's prayer;
+      And when the heart is filled with grief,
+        For wrongs of all true souls accurst,
+      In action it must seek relief,
+        Or else, o'ercharged, it can but burst.
+      Why blame we them, if they oft spake
+      Words that were fitted to awake
+      The soul's high hopes--its noblest parts--
+      The slumbering passions of brave hearts,
+      And send them as the simoom's breath,
+      Upon a work of woe and death?
+      And woman's voice is heard amid
+        The accents of that warrior train;
+      And when has woman's voice e'er bid,
+        And man could from its hest refrain?
+      Hers is the power o'er his soul
+        That's never wielded by another,
+      And she doth claim this soft control
+        As sister, mistress, wife, or mother.
+      So sweetly doth her soft voice float
+        O'er hearts by guilt or anguish riven,
+      It seemeth as a magic note
+        Struck from earth's harps by hands of heaven.
+      And there's the mother of Og�,
+        Who with firm voice, and steady heart,
+      And look unaltered, well can play
+        The Spartan mother's hardy part;
+      And send her sons to battle-fields,
+        And bid them come in triumph home,
+      Or stretched upon their bloody shields,
+        Rather than bear the bondman's doom.
+      "Go forth," she said, "to victory;
+      Or else, go bravely forth to die!
+      Go forth to fields where glory floats
+      In every trumpet's cheering notes!
+      Go forth, to where a freeman's death
+      Glares in each cannon's fiery breath!
+      Go forth and triumph o'er the foe;
+      Or failing that, with pleasure go
+      To molder on the battle-plain,
+      Freed ever from the tyrant's chain!
+      But if your hearts should craven prove,
+      Forgetful of your zeal--your love
+      For rights and franchises of men,
+      My heart will break; but even then,
+      Whilst bidding life and earth adieu,
+      This be the prayer I'll breathe for you:
+      'Passing from guilt to misery,
+      May this for aye your portion be,--
+      A life, dragged out beneath the rod--
+      An end, abhorred of man and God--
+      As monument, the chains you nurse--
+      As epitaph, your mother's curse!'"
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      A thousand hearts are breathing high,
+      And voices shouting "Victory!"
+          Which soon will hush in death;
+        The trumpet clang of joy that speaks,
+        Will soon be drowned in the shrieks
+          Of the wounded's stifling breath,
+        The tyrant's plume in dust lies low--
+        Th' oppressed has triumphed o'er his foe.
+      But ah! the lull in the furious blast
+      May whisper not of ruin past;
+      It may tell of the tempest hurrying on,
+      To complete the work the blast begun.
+    With the voice of a Syren, it may whisp'ringly tell
+      Of a moment of hope in the deluge of rain;
+    And the shout of the free heart may rapt'rously swell,
+      While the tyrant is gath'ring his power again.
+    Though the balm of the leech may soften the smart,
+     It never can turn the swift barb from its aim;
+    And thus the resolve of the true freeman's heart
+     May not keep back his fall, though it free it from shame.
+    Though the hearts of those heroes all well could accord
+    With freedom's most noble and loftiest word;
+    Their virtuous strength availeth them nought
+    With the power and skill that the tyrant brought.
+    Gray veterans trained in many a field
+    Where the fate of nations with blood was sealed,
+    In Italia's vales--on the shores of the Rhine--
+    Where the plains of fair France give birth to the vine--
+    Where the Tagus, the Ebro, go dancing along,
+    Made glad in their course by the Muleteer's song--
+    All these were poured down in the pride of their might,
+    On the land of Og�, in that terrible fight.
+    Ah! dire was the conflict, and many the slain,
+    Who slept the last sleep on that red battle-plain!
+    The flash of the cannon o'er valley and height
+    Danced like the swift fires of a northern night,
+    Or the quivering glare which leaps forth as a token
+    That the King of the Storm from his cloud-throne has spoken.
+    And oh! to those heroes how welcome the fate
+    Of Sparta's brave sons in Thermopyl�'s strait;
+    With what ardor of soul they then would have given
+    Their last look at earth for a long glance at heaven!
+    Their lives to their country--their backs to the sod--
+    Their heart's blood to the sword, and their souls to their God!
+    But alas! although many lie silent and slain,
+    More blest are they far than those clanking the chain,
+    In the hold of the tyrant, debarred from the day;--
+    And among these sad captives is Vincent Og�!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      Another day's bright sun has risen,
+      And shines upon the insurgent's prison;
+      Another night has slowly passed,
+      And Og� smiles, for 'tis the last
+      He'll droop beneath the tyrant's power--
+      The galling chains! Another hour,
+      And answering to the jailor's call,
+      He stands within the Judgment Hall.
+      They've gathered there;--they who have pressed
+      Their fangs into the soul distressed,
+      To pain its passage to the tomb
+      With mock'ry of a legal doom.
+      They've gathered there;--they who have stood
+      Firmly and fast in hour of blood,--
+      Who've seen the lights of hope all die,
+      As stars fade from a morning sky,--
+      They've gathered there, in that dark hour--
+      The latest of the tyrant's power,--
+      An hour that speaketh of the day
+      Which never more shall pass away,--
+      The glorious day beyond the grave,
+      Which knows no master--owns no slave.
+      And there, too, are the rack--the wheel--
+      The torturing screw--the piercing steel,--
+      Grim powers of death all crusted o'er
+      With other victims' clotted gore.
+      Frowning they stand, and in their cold,
+      Silent solemnity, unfold
+      The strong one's triumph o'er the weak--
+      The awful groan--the anguished shriek--
+      The unconscious mutt'rings of despair--
+      The strained eyeball's idiot stare--
+      The hopeless clench--the quiv'ring frame--
+      The martyr's death--the despot's shame.
+      The rack--the tyrant--victim,--all
+      Are gathered in that Judgment Hall.
+      Draw we the veil, for 'tis a sight
+      But friends can gaze on with delight.
+      The sunbeams on the rack that play,
+      For sudden terror flit away
+      From this dread work of war and death,
+      As angels do with quickened breath,
+      From some dark deed of deepest sin,
+      Ere they have drunk its spirit in.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      No mighty host with banners flying,
+        Seems fiercer to a conquered foe,
+      Than did those gallant heroes dying,
+        To those who gloated o'er their woe;--
+      Grim tigers, who have seized their prey,
+      Then turn and shrink abashed away;
+      And, coming back and crouching nigh,
+      Quail 'neath the flashing of the eye,
+      Which tells that though the life has started,
+      The will to strike has not departed.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      Sad was your fate, heroic band!
+      Yet mourn we not, for yours' the stand
+      Which will secure to you a fame,
+      That never dieth, and a name
+      That will, in coming ages, be
+      A signal word for Liberty.
+      Upon the slave's o'erclouded sky,
+        Your gallant actions traced the bow,
+      Which whispered of deliv'rance nigh--
+        The meed of one decisive blow.
+      Thy coming fame, Og�! is sure;
+      Thy name with that of L'Ouverture,
+      And all the noble souls that stood
+      With both of you, in times of blood,
+      Will live to be the tyrant's fear--
+      Will live, the sinking soul to cheer!
+
+[Illustration: (signature) George B. Vashon.]
+
+SYRACUSE, N. Y., August 31st, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+The Law of Liberty
+
+
+Freedom, under the proper restraint of Law and Duty, is a _political_
+good, for that which is morally wrong can never be politically right.
+
+Fine moral sense will pour indignation on oppression, as well as
+applause on worth. It will give sympathy to the afflicted, and
+treasures to relieve the needy. Such a spirit will exalt a nation, and
+command the respect of other nations. But general freedom can only
+flourish beneath the undisturbed dominion of equitable laws.
+
+Governments should aim at the welfare of the people, and that
+government which secures the person, the property, the liberty, the
+lives of dutiful subjects, and thus makes the common good the rule and
+measure of its government, will receive a blessing from God.
+
+Let America act on her own avowed principles, that every man is born
+free, and she will be exalted, when tyrannical, persecuting,
+slaveholding nations will come to nought.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Marsh, D. D.]
+
+                                   H. CANON OF WORCESTER.
+
+
+
+
+The Swiftness of Time in God.
+
+FROM THE KNABEN WUNDERHORN. (B.I. p. 73, _et seq._)
+
+
+    The general at Grosswardein
+    Had once a little daughter fine:--
+    Her name was called Theresia,--
+    God-loving, modest, chaste and fair:
+
+    And from her childhood up was she
+    Most deeply given to piety,
+    With prayers and music's solemn tone
+    She ever praised the Three-in-One.
+
+    Whene'er she heard of Jesus' name,
+    Her love and joy flamed brighter flame;
+    Jesus to serve she makes her cross,
+    Devotes herself to be his Spouse.
+
+    A noble lord came her to woo,
+    Her father gave consent thereto;
+    The mother to her daughter said,--
+    "Dear child, this man thou'lt surely wed."
+
+    The daughter said, "Mother of me
+    That can and must not ever be.
+    My heart is fixed on higher worth,
+    A Bridegroom he not of this earth."
+
+    The mother then, "My daughter dear,
+    Ah, do not contradict us here,
+    Thy sire and I we both are old,
+    And God has blessed our toil with gold."
+
+    Thereat the maid began to weep,
+    "I have a lover beloved so deep,
+    To him I've made my promise down;
+    I'll wear for him a virgin crown."
+
+    Thereat the sire, "This must not be,
+    My child away this phantasy,
+    Where wilt thou dwell when past thy prime?
+    We both are old, far gone in time!"
+
+    The noble lord again draws near,
+    And even the bridal feast prepare,
+    For all things soon were ready made,--
+    But sorrow veils the maiden's head.
+
+    Quick to the garden, goeth she,
+    There falls she down upon her knee,
+    Out from her heart her prayer she poured
+    To Jesus her espoused Lord.
+
+    She lay before him on her face,
+    And sighed with sighs to win his grace.
+    The dearest Christ the clouds unrolled,
+    "Look up," said he, "my maid behold!
+
+    "Thou yet shalt be, in briefest time,
+    In heaven with me in joy's full prime,
+    And mid the lovely angels there,
+    In full delight and joy appear."
+
+    He greets the maiden wondrous fair:
+    She stands before him without fear,
+    Down cast her eyes with modest grace,--
+    She felt the beauty of his face.
+
+    Then speaks the youth, the heavenly King,
+    And weds her with a golden ring;--
+    "Look there, my bride! Love's pledge for thee,
+    Oh, wear it on thy hand for me."
+
+    The maiden then sweet vows took,
+    "My Bridegroom dear!" to Christ she spoke,
+    "Herewith art thou firm wed to me,
+    Henceforth my heart loves none but thee."
+
+    Then walked abroad the married pair,
+    And gathered many a blossom fair;--
+    Jesus thus spake to her anew:--
+    "Come, and my lovely garden view!"
+
+    He took the maiden by the hand,
+    And led her from her fatherland,
+    Unto his Father's garden fair
+    Where many beauteous blossoms are.
+
+    The maiden now with joy may win
+    The precious fruits which grow therein;
+    But mortal fancy cannot know
+    The noble fruits therein which grow.
+
+    She hears such music and such song,
+    That length of time seems nothing long,
+    And silver-white the brooklets there
+    Flow ever on so pure and fair.
+
+    The youth again addressed the maid,
+    "My garden here thou hast surveyed.
+    I will again conduct thee home.
+    To thine own land, the time is come."
+
+    The maiden turns with grief away,
+    Comes to the town without delay,
+    The watchman calls, "Stand, who goes there?"
+    She says, "I to my father must repair!"
+
+    "Who is your father, then," quoth he,
+    "The general," she answers free.
+    The watchman then replied and smiled,
+    "The general;--he has no child."
+
+    But by her garments all men see,
+    The maiden is of high degree.
+    The watchman then conducts her straight
+    Before the guardians of the State.
+
+    The maid declares and stands thereto,
+    The general is her father true.
+    And but two hours have scarcely flown,
+    Since she went out to walk alone.
+
+    The guardians saw a wonder great,
+    And asked where she had been of late;
+    Her father's name, his power and race,
+    That she must tell them face to face.
+
+    They searched the ancient records through,
+    And this they found was written true,
+    That once was lost a bride so fine
+    From this same city Grosswardein.
+
+    The length of time they came to try,
+    And sixteen years they find passed by;
+    And yet the maid was fresh and fair,
+    As when first in her fifteenth year.
+
+    Thereby the guardians understand
+    This is the work of God's own hand.
+    They bring the maiden food to eat,
+    She turns white as a winding-sheet.
+
+    "Of earthly things I wish for nought,"
+    Cries she; "but let a priest be brought,
+    That I may take ere death is sent,
+    The body true in sacrament.
+
+    As soon as this last act was done--
+    And many a Christian looked thereon--
+    Free from all pain and mortal smart,
+    Then ceased to beat that holy heart.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Theo. Parker]
+
+
+
+
+Visit of a Fugitive Slave to the Grave of Wilberforce.
+
+
+On a beautiful morning in the month of June, while strolling about
+Trafalgar Square, I was attracted to the base of the Nelson column,
+where a crowd was standing gazing at the bas-relief representations of
+some of the great naval exploits of the man whose statue stands on the
+top of the pillar. The death-wound which the hero received on board
+the Victory, and his being carried from the ship's deck by his
+companions, is executed with great skill. Being no admirer of warlike
+heroes, I was on the point of turning away, when I perceived among the
+figures (which were as large as life) a full-blooded African, with as
+white a set of teeth as ever I had seen, and all the other
+peculiarities of feature that distinguish that race from the rest of
+the human family, with musket in hand and a dejected countenance,
+which told that he had been in the heat of the battle, and shared with
+the other soldiers the pain in the loss of their commander. However,
+as soon as I saw my sable brother, I felt more at home, and remained
+longer than I had intended. Here was the Negro, as black a man as was
+ever imported from the coast of Africa, represented in his proper
+place by the side of Lord Nelson, on one of England's proudest
+monuments. How different, thought I, was the position assigned to the
+colored man on similar monuments in the United States. Some years
+since, while standing under the shade of the monument erected to the
+memory of the brave Americans who fell at the storming of Fort
+Griswold, Connecticut, I felt a degree of pride as I beheld the names
+of two Africans who had fallen in the fight, yet I was grieved but not
+surprised to find their names colonized off, and a line drawn between
+them and the whites. This was in keeping with American historical
+injustice to its colored heroes.
+
+[Illustration: Wm. W. Brown. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+The conspicuous place assigned to this representative of an injured
+race, by the side of one of England's greatest heroes, brought vividly
+before my eye the wrongs of Africa and the philanthropic man of Great
+Britain, who had labored so long and so successfully for the abolition
+of the slave trade, and the emancipation of the slaves of the West
+Indies; and I at once resolved to pay a visit to the grave of
+Wilberforce.
+
+A half an hour after, I entered Westminster Abbey, at Poets' Corner,
+and proceeded in search of the patriot's tomb; I had, however, gone
+but a few steps, when I found myself in front of the tablet erected to
+the memory of Granville Sharpe, by the African Institution of London,
+in 1816; upon the marble was a long inscription, recapitulating many
+of the deeds of this benevolent man, and from which I copied the
+following:--"He aimed to rescue his native country from the guilt and
+inconsistency of employing the arm of freedom to rivet the fetters of
+bondage, and establish for the negro race, in the person of Somerset,
+the long-disputed rights of human nature. Having in this glorious
+cause triumphed over the combined resistance of interest, prejudice,
+and pride, he took his post among the foremost of the honorable band
+associated to deliver Africa from the rapacity of Europe, by the
+abolition of the slave-trade; nor was death permitted to interrupt
+his career of usefulness, till he had witnessed that act of the
+British Parliament by which the abolition was decreed." After viewing
+minutely the profile of this able defender of the negro's rights,
+which was finely chiselled on the tablet, I took a hasty glance at
+Shakspeare, on the one side, and Dryden on the other, and then passed
+on, and was soon in the north aisle, looking upon the mementoes placed
+in honor of genius. There stood a grand and expressive monument to Sir
+Isaac Newton, which was in every way worthy of the great man to whose
+memory it was erected. A short distance from that was a statue to
+Addison, representing the great writer clad in his morning gown,
+looking as if he had just left the study, after finishing some chosen
+article for the _Spectator_. The stately monument to the Earl of
+Chatham is the most attractive in this part of the Abbey. Fox, Pitt,
+Grattan, and many others, are here represented by monuments. I had to
+stop at the splendid marble erected to the memory of Sir Fowell
+Buxton, Bart. A long inscription enumerates his many good qualities,
+and concludes by saying:--"This monument is erected by his friends and
+fellow-laborers, at home and abroad, assisted by the grateful
+contributions of many thousands of the African race." A few steps
+further and I was standing over the ashes of Wilberforce. In no other
+place so small do so many great men lie together. The following is the
+inscription on the monument erected to the memory of this devoted
+friend of the oppressed and degraded negro race:--
+
+"To the memory of WILLIAM WILBERFORCE, born in Hull, August 24, 1759,
+died in London, July 29, 1833. For nearly half a century a member of
+the House of Commons, and for six parliaments during that period, one
+of the two representatives for Yorkshire. In an age and country
+fertile in great and good men, he was among the foremost of those who
+fixed the character of their times; because to high and various
+talents, to warm benevolence, and to universal candor, he added the
+abiding eloquence of a Christian life. Eminent as he was in every
+department of public labor, and a leader in every work of charity,
+whether to relieve the temporal or the spiritual wants of his fellow
+men, his name will ever be specially identified with those exertions
+which, by the blessings of God, removed from England the guilt of the
+African slave-trade, and prepared the way for the abolition of
+slavery in every colony of the empire. In the prosecution of these
+objects, he relied not in vain on God; but, in the progress, he was
+called to endure great obloquy and great opposition. He outlived,
+however, all enmity, and, in the evening of his days, withdrew from
+public life and public observation, to the bosom of his family. Yet he
+died not unnoticed or forgotten by his country; the Peers and Commons
+of England, with the Lord Chancellor and the Speaker at their head, in
+solemn procession from their respective houses, carried him to his
+fitting place among the mighty dead around, here to repose, till,
+through the merits of Jesus Christ his only Redeemer and Saviour, whom
+in his life and in his writings he had desired to glorify, he shall
+rise in the resurrection of the just."
+
+The monument is a fine one; his figure is seated on a pedestal, very
+ingeniously done, and truly expressive of his age, and the pleasure he
+seemed to derive from his own thoughts. Either the orator or the poet
+have said or sung the praises of most of the great men who lie buried
+in Westminster Abbey, in enchanting strains. The statues of heroes,
+princes, and statesmen are there to proclaim their power, worth, or
+brilliant genius, to posterity. But as time shall step between them
+and the future, none will be sought after with more enthusiasm or
+greater pleasure than that of Wilberforce. No man's philosophy was
+ever moulded in a nobler cast than his; it was founded in the school
+of Christianity, which was, that all men are by nature equal; that
+they are wisely and justly endowed by their Creator with certain
+rights which are irrefragable, and no matter how human pride and
+avarice may depress and debase, still God is the author of good to
+man; and of evil, man is the artificer to himself and to his species.
+Unlike Plato and Socrates, his mind was free from the gloom that
+surrounded theirs. Let the name, the worth, the zeal, and other
+excellent qualifications of this noble man, ever live in our hearts,
+let his deeds ever be the theme of our praise, and let us teach our
+children to honor and love the name of William Wilberforce.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) W. Wells Brown.]
+
+LONDON.
+
+
+
+
+Narrative of Albert and Mary.
+
+
+It was a beautiful morning as ever glittered over the broad Atlantic.
+The sun had the brightness and the sky the soft cerulean with which
+the month of June adorns the latitude of Carolina. The sea was not
+heavy nor rolling, but its motion was just enough to make its waves
+sparkle under the slanting rays of the morning sun.
+
+Mary stood with her betrothed in the bow of the boat, as it gracefully
+ploughed its way towards New York. She was only eighteen, and Albert
+was just twenty.
+
+Mary was on her way to Troy, to complete her studies in the excellent
+institution for young ladies, which has sent out some of the brightest
+ornaments of their sex, to refine and bless the world. She had been
+entrusted to Albert's care, who was to spend his summer in New York,
+in the pursuit of the legal profession. They were both Carolinians,
+and had no little of that ardent spirit which distinguishes the youth
+of the South; while their well-developed forms, their intellectual
+countenances, and their sensible speech, placed them in association
+beyond their years.
+
+As Mary leaned upon the arm of her gallant protector, their
+conversation sparkled as the ocean spray that dashed against steamer's
+bow. But suddenly, as the jet black eye of Albert Gillon caught the
+soft blue of Mary's, he started at the discovery of a tear trembling
+upon her eye-lash.
+
+"Sweet Mary, what saddens you?"
+
+"Ah! Albert, the greatest trial of my feelings is the thought that you
+have never yet consecrated yourself to Christ."
+
+"I have," replied Albert, "no natural repugnance to religion. On the
+contrary, I see and acknowledge God in all his works and in all his
+providence, as the author and supreme ruler of all things. But, Mary,
+I do not understand the God of the Bible. I do not understand how they
+who claim to be God's own people, and have the distinguishing title of
+Christians, are, many of them, far worse in moral character, than
+those who make no such profession. I do not mean hypocrites; but those
+who are actually respected as orthodox Christians. There is Mr. Verse,
+of Philadelphia, for instance, who has a high place as a religious
+editor, and discusses the doctrines of Christianity with a zeal which
+shows he takes deep interest in his work, and yet young as I am, and
+gay as I am, I can see that in his practical application of
+Christianity, he teaches sentiments at variance with the plainest
+principles of moral truth; and he sets himself against those whose
+moral character is above reproach; and rebukes them as infidels in
+their very efforts to elevate the moral tone of society. How is it
+that Mr. Verse is recognized as a Christian, and these excellent men
+are avoided as infidels? Why is he fit for heaven, and they must be
+cast down to hell? I don't understand it."
+
+"I know," replied Mary, "that wiser heads than mine find difficulty in
+answering your question; and it would be presumptuous in me to signify
+that I can solve it to your satisfaction. But still, Albert, your
+observations only confirm, in my own mind, your total ignorance of
+what constitutes a Christian. Albert, it is not morality; it is not
+consistency of practice with profession; it is not the _doing_ right
+that makes a Christian, for if man could have attained to entire
+correctness in morals, there would have been no such thing as
+Christianity. But it is because of man's wickedness and his
+inconsistency, both in theory and in practice, that the Christian
+religion is presented as the means of attaining to _salvation_. Christ
+makes the Christian--the Christian in Christ and Christ in the
+Christian--a loving, affectionate, endearing union--of ignorance with
+wisdom, of infirmity with strength, of immorality with virtue. Christ
+throws his robe of righteousness over the follies and the wickedness
+of the converted soul, and by covering him with himself, gradually
+similates him to himself until what is carnal being cast off, the
+spiritual remains at death a pure child of God."
+
+"Dear me, Mary, you look lovely as you speak this mysterious theology.
+And I really pant after such feelings as I see beaming from your
+countenance; but you might just as well speak to me in Arabic for any
+understanding I can have of this thing called Christianity. It must be
+something good, or it could not thus fill your own soul, intelligent
+as you are, with a joy that makes you indifferent to those gaieties
+of life which give me pleasure."
+
+"You need," said Mary, "the teachings of God's spirit. You know I took
+delight in those things a year ago, but God's spirit taught me that I
+was sinning in partaking of them. I was at Fayolle's, dancing, and, in
+the midst of a figure in the cotillon, my head became giddy, and I had
+to be supported to a seat. I soon recovered, but the thought of a
+sudden death distressed me, for it came very forcibly to my mind--I am
+a wicked sinner."
+
+"O, Mary, Mary," interrupted Albert, "you did not think yourself a
+sinner!"
+
+"Yes, Albert, I did. I had never thought so before, but had rather
+prided myself upon being called a good girl by all my acquaintances.
+But I now saw things in a different light; and when I went home and
+began self-examination, I soon found I had a very wicked heart. I
+tried to do better, but the more I tried to live unto God the more I
+discovered the proneness of my heart to sin. I tried to think good
+thoughts, and evil thoughts came directly in my way to mar my peace.
+Day after day I made effort to purify my thoughts. It was all in vain.
+A pure thought immediately suggested its opposite, and I found myself
+more familiar with the evil than the good. It shocked me. But I
+penetrated deeper and deeper into my own heart--into the iniquity of
+my soul, until I despaired of ever sounding its depth. I then cried to
+God to have mercy on me. He heard my prayer, and Jesus Christ came to
+my help. I felt that he had suffered in my stead, and had poured out
+his blood as an atonement for my sins. I found peace to my soul as I
+cast myself, a poor, helpless sinner, upon his atoning altar, and
+bathed myself in his all-cleansing blood."
+
+Mary could proceed no farther, for the tears began to flow too
+rapidly, and her emotion might have been noticed by others than
+Albert.
+
+The wind, too, began to rise, and it blew so fresh that they retired
+to the cabin, where Albert occupied himself with a game of chess, and
+Mary read, with evident pleasure, such parts of her dearly-prized
+Bible which suited the state of her mind, occasionally calling
+Albert's attention to some passage particularly striking.
+
+In the afternoon, Mary took her seat in a position to enjoy the best
+view of the western sky, in which floated, in all their gorgeousness,
+the variegated sun-lit clouds.
+
+Albert soon joined her. "Well, Mary, you seem to be meditating; but
+allow me to participate in the luxury of your reflections upon that
+splendid horizon."
+
+"Indeed, Albert, I was thinking how much more impressive is such
+scenery than the traveller on land enjoys. In the rapid succession of
+scenery and variety of faces, as the coach or the steam car drives
+rapidly onward, everything one sees increases the mind's confusion.
+Whatever he casts his eye upon, worthy of admiration, attracts his
+attention but a moment; and the sublimity of mountain heights, the
+gaudy decorations of fertile valleys, and the frowning grandeur of
+rocks, as they cast their dark shadow upon some foaming torrent, flit
+by him as a dream of twilight, and leave upon his memory only pencil
+outlines of the beautiful and the sublime. Not so the voyager on the
+ocean. Here the beautiful imprints itself ineffaceably in all its
+sparkling and its gorgeous variety upon the enchanted mind, and the
+grand and the sublime raise such a tempest of wonder in the soul that
+the ocean ever after rolls its foaming waves over the broad expanse of
+memory."
+
+"Mary," said Albert, "these clouds, floating so gracefully on the
+ocean, and this gorgeous horizon inspiring your poetic fancy, are
+something more than mere sky drapery, for you'll perceive that the
+wind is becoming boisterous, and I fear we are going to have a stormy
+night."
+
+"You do not feel alarmed, do you Albert?"
+
+"I cannot say I feel alarmed; but I would be more comfortable at this
+time if I had not so precious a charge. There may be no real danger,
+but there can be no harm in preparing for what might happen. If we
+should have a storm I wish you would take your seat on that large box,
+so as to appropriate it and keep it. Your father brought me two
+life-preservers and a good cord, when we came on board, and charged me
+to use them in case of accident. You smile, Mary, at my earnestness,
+and perhaps my love for you induces anxiety which circumstances do not
+warrant. Still you can keep in mind my directions."
+
+Albert walked towards the bow of the steamer, while Mary again fixed
+her attention upon the variegated clouds. She did not participate in
+Albert's apprehensions, and thought his anxiety needless. Yet his
+earnest request made that sort of impression upon her mind which
+rather conduced to religious contemplation.
+
+The broad disk of the sun could be seen through the floating cloud,
+and as Albert returned, Mary remarked:--"Albert, an hour ago I tried
+to look at the sun, but his light dazzled my eyes to blindness. I
+could not mark its shape nor perceive its beauty. But now the cloud
+floats before it, and through its light vapor I see the sun's circular
+infinity, and admire its beauty and its glory undazzled by its
+effulgence. So it is I see God through Christ, as he transmits the
+glory of his Father. And it is by thus seeing God through Christ,
+instead of by the eyes of intellect and mere mental observation, that
+I obtain hope in God and feel prepared to enter upon the realities of
+that world which is eternally lighted by the invisible presence of
+Jehovah. Seeing him in Christ Jesus, I feel an assurance of his mercy,
+and am freed from those apprehensions which your scepticism and
+distrust occasion yourself."
+
+"My dear Mary," replied Albert, "do not suppose my counsel to you
+originated in any fear for myself personally. It may be from want of
+reflection, but really I do not know what the fear of death is. Your
+safety, Mary, is the cause of my present anxiety. I do not doubt your
+preparation for eternity, but I am not willing to resign you yet to
+the companionship of angels. If you perish beneath these billows, and
+I survive, my hope for happiness in this life is blasted. What is to
+be beyond the grave I know not; and my religion concerns the life that
+now is. I must make the best of time, and leave eternity to be taken
+account of when I am fairly launched into it. Perhaps enjoying this
+world with you, I might learn from you to prepare for eternity. At
+present my care must be to get my dear Mary safely over this
+treacherous ocean."
+
+The sun now sank beneath the western horizon. The variegated colors of
+the sky were rapidly commingling into one dense canopy of gloom.
+
+The passengers earnestly inquired of the captain about the prospect.
+He hoped to run into the port of Wilmington, but he exhorted them to
+have brave hearts for the danger was imminent. The storm was rapidly
+increasing. All urged that the pressure of steam be increased to the
+utmost capacity of the boat.
+
+O, what an anxious crowd were upon the deck of that steamer, as they
+strained their eyes towards the land, and anon lost their balance by
+the dashing of the billows! The lightning played with terrific
+splendor, alternating with the blackness of the heavens; and the roar
+of the waves was only hushed by the awful artillery of the skies.
+
+Mary was sitting where Albert had directed, awaiting with great
+calmness the result of the storm.
+
+Albert carefully fastened her with a cord to the box, having first
+placed beneath her arms the life-preserver. Placing another
+life-preserver around himself, he stood by Mary's side with watchful
+anxiety. Suddenly a heavy sea threw the boat forcibly to one side, and
+Albert mechanically stretching forth his hand to save himself,
+accidentally got caught in the rope that he had entwined about the
+box, and with Mary was tossed into the sea and overwhelmed with the
+waves.
+
+The steamer was several hundred yards ahead of them before Albert
+succeeded in adjusting his position to maintain a good hold upon the
+box. His first thought was to examine how Mary was situated. The
+lightning gave him sufficient assurance that she was alive and unhurt.
+At that moment a dreadful explosion directed their eyes towards the
+steamer, and the awful sight was exhibited of their late associates
+blown into the air and then sinking beneath the waves.
+
+The loss of the Pulaski has made many a flowing tear. But few were
+left to tell the horrors of that night. The public are familiar with
+their description of the sad disaster. But they knew not the fate of
+Albert and Mary, and only added them to the catalogue of the lost.
+
+It was with the greatest difficulty that Albert could afford his
+charge any aid, and they must both soon have perished if the storm had
+been long protracted. But fortunately, the wind shifting, the clouds
+were soon dispersed, and the stars shone out brightly.
+
+Before morning they were rescued from their perilous situation, and
+found themselves, on recovering from their exhaustion, in the
+comfortable cabin of a fast-sailing brig. The storm, although
+exceedingly perilous to a steamboat, was not such as to damage a
+well-trimmed vessel; and the brig, soon after the explosion, bore down
+towards the wreck, and recovered from a watery grave the interesting
+subjects of our narrative.
+
+Mary was taken on board in a state of entire unconsciousness, while
+Albert was too much interested for her to make any special observation
+of the persons by whom they were rescued.
+
+After seeing her sufficiently restored to animation to be left to
+repose, he retired from her state-room and suffered himself to be
+assisted to a berth.
+
+The sun was high in the heavens when they were awaked from their
+slumber and invited to breakfast. Every accommodation in the way of
+dry clothing was supplied them, and they met in the saloon of the brig
+to embrace, in the transport of grateful hearts.
+
+Having recovered their self-possession, they looked around for
+their deliverers. None were in the saloon with them but a
+highly-accomplished looking lady and the steward and stewardess.
+
+The lady saluted them in the blandest and most refined manner, and
+expressed her sincere gratification that they had been so soon
+delivered from their perilous situation, and were already so well
+recovered from their exhaustion.
+
+"To whom, Madam," said Albert, "are we indebted for these expressions
+of kindness and tender solicitude?"
+
+"I am, sir, the wife of the captain and master of this brig. My
+husband will pay you his respects as soon as you have partaken of some
+of this warm Java and these hot rolls."
+
+"I would not," said Mary, "be doing justice to my own feelings were I
+to sit down to breakfast without first asking your liberty, Madam, to
+read a beautiful psalm which occurs to my mind at this moment."
+
+"Certainly," said the lady; "and, steward, invite the chaplain in to
+offer prayer. Doubtless it will be perfectly agreeable to our young
+guests."
+
+A reverend and benevolent looking gentleman, in black, soon entered
+from the deck, and, in the kindest manner and address, saluted the
+young couple, expressing, with deep emotion, his sympathy with them
+and his anxiety in their behalf.
+
+Mary pointed out to him the Psalm she had selected. He read it; made a
+few highly-appropriate comments, and, while all knelt, such a strain
+of grateful praise and of fervent prayer flowed from the lips of the
+warm-hearted minister as seldom is surpassed.
+
+Mr. Gracelius, for this was the minister's name, was of the orthodox
+faith, and had long been engaged in preaching the doctrines of the
+Calvinistic school. Yet he was not bigoted or rigid. His heart was
+full of the milk of human kindness, and he carried conviction to his
+hearers, not more by the strength of his logic than the benignity of
+his address. He was just such a minister as the devout and
+accomplished Mary St. Clair would have full confidence in. She was
+delighted to think that she had been so fortunate as to meet such a
+friend and spiritual counsellor at such a time; and she at once gave
+utterance to the warm feelings of her heart, and begged that Mr.
+Gracelius would feel at perfect liberty to counsel and advise her.
+
+"My advice then is, my dear young sister, that first of all you sit
+down to your breakfast, and allow Mrs. Templeton to help you and the
+young gentleman to your coffee."
+
+Albert and Mary could not but feel that they had fallen among true
+friends. And, having eaten a cheerful breakfast, they both expressed
+their sincere gratitude to their kind hostess, which she received with
+equally deep emotion.
+
+Captain Templeton now entered, and with great courteousness, blended
+with warmth of address, gave his hand to Albert, and, with a graceful
+bow to Mary, expressed the pleasure he felt in having rescued them
+from a watery grave. "And now, my young friends," said the Captain, "I
+wish you to make yourselves perfectly at home in my vessel; and as
+soon as I can with safety restore you to your friends, I shall do so."
+
+"Permit me to inquire," said Albert, "to what port you are destined?"
+
+"We do not go into any harbor in the United States," replied the
+Captain; "but should we meet with a merchant vessel under favorable
+circumstances, you will be placed on board."
+
+"Is not this a merchant vessel?" inquired Albert.
+
+"No, sir. This is an armed brig."
+
+"Of what nation?" asked Albert.
+
+The Captain smiled as, with a courteous bow, he replied, "We are
+pirates;" and immediately went on deck, leaving Albert and Mary in
+perfect amazement.
+
+Recovering himself in a moment, Albert said to Mrs. Templeton: "Your
+husband is very jocose!"
+
+"No, sir; he was serious in what he said. We are pirates. But you need
+be under no apprehension of danger, nor feel the slightest alarm. I
+know that you have been trained to believe that pirates are
+necessarily devoid of humane feelings, and are ever thirsting for
+blood. But I trust we are as hospitable and kind a people to our
+guests, as are to be found on land."
+
+Albert and Mary were indeed the guests of a piratical crew; but they
+were soon relieved of all apprehension of personal danger; for there
+was that in the deportment of all on board which satisfied them of a
+sincere desire to serve and accommodate them in every way.
+
+A few days brought them into such intimacy with the crew that they
+spoke with freedom, even on the subject of piracy. They were indeed
+astonished to find that even Mr. Gracelius advocated the claims of
+pirates as a civilized and religious people.
+
+On board the brig they had morning and evening prayers, and a lecture
+one evening in the week, and two sermons on the Sabbath. What seemed
+particularly remarkable was the sound evangelical faith of the Captain
+and his family, and the unexceptionable doctrines that were preached
+by their minister. There was so much fervor, earnestness, and pathos
+in the sermons of Mr. Gracelius, that Mary was constrained to admit to
+Mrs. Templeton that she had never heard better.
+
+They had been on the brig about three weeks, without any event
+calculated to disturb the sensibilities of our young friends, beyond
+the unaccountably strange sentiments of the piratical crew. Everything
+was conducted with so much order and propriety, good taste and moral
+deportment, that they could scarcely believe at times otherwise than
+that a mere sportive hoax was being played upon them.
+
+But the tranquil, social pastimes were now interrupted by a new scene
+of action.
+
+It was a pleasant morning; a gentle breeze filled the sails. An
+unusual arrangement of the vessel attracted the attention of Albert.
+Soon he observed men at the guns, and Captain Templeton standing in a
+commanding position. The brig was bearing down upon a French
+merchantman.
+
+Albert hastened to Mary, and disclosed to her the state of things.
+Mary at first trembled, but soon composed herself with trust in God.
+Albert, taking her arm into his, led her to where Captain Templeton
+was standing:
+
+"Captain," said Albert, "I perceive you are bearing down upon that
+merchant vessel. Is it your object to place us on board, or do you
+design to capture her?"
+
+"Mr. Gillon," replied the Captain, "I shall see to it that you and
+your young charge are safely provided for; and that you may be
+perfectly easy on that score, I now inform you that when I take
+possession of that merchantman, I shall make arrangements for you to
+be taken in her to a suitable port, whence you can find your way to
+your friends. Be composed now, and pay such attention to Miss St.
+Clair as the unusual occasion may seem in your judgment to require. In
+a few moments we shall have something to do, and perhaps a necessity
+to use our guns. But I hope not. If you will retire to the cabin, Mrs.
+Templeton will entertain you there better than you are likely to be on
+deck."
+
+There was so much politeness in the Captain's manner, and yet evident
+fixedness of purpose, that Albert attempted no answer. There was now
+no doubt that their hospitable entertainers were pirates. They retired
+to the cabin, and sat there in profound silence. Soon Mrs. Templeton
+came in, and in her gentle winning manner began to prepare Mary for
+the scenes that might transpire.
+
+"You must not be alarmed, my dear. You will be perfectly safe. I only
+regret we are so soon likely to lose your company."
+
+"O Mrs. Templeton!" said Mary, "how can you prosecute such a life! It
+is so wicked! Excuse me, ma'am, but I cannot suppress my feelings of
+horror."
+
+At this moment the conversation was interrupted by the entrance of
+Captain Templeton, who, with a calm countenance, said:--
+
+"Wife, I perceive that there are several guns on that vessel, and I
+judge that the crew and passengers are somewhat numerous. We shall
+have to proceed with caution, and as we are likely to have somewhat of
+a warm time, I think I should feel better satisfied to have a season
+of prayer."
+
+Albert knit his brow in moody silence. Mary heaved a deep sigh. Mr.
+Gracelius was called in, and having read the 20th Psalm, he offered up
+the following prayer:--
+
+"Oh! Thou mighty God of Jacob, who didst accompany Thine ancient
+Israel through all their trials, and didst fight their battles for
+them, we thank Thee that Thou hast taught us to put our trust in Thee.
+And we beseech Thee, oh! blessed Father, for the sake of Thine own Son
+Jesus Christ, to help us at this time in our endeavor to appropriate
+to the support of this branch of thy Zion, the treasures which, for
+the mere purposes of an unhallowed commerce, are being transported to
+that people who have ever distinguished themselves by their
+infidelity, and by their scorn of all true religion; who have also by
+their mighty leaders devastated kingdoms and shed seas of blood to
+gratify a vain-glorious ambition.
+
+"Oh! Lord, we would not shed blood needlessly, and we therefore pray
+Thee to enable us in the approaching conflict, to have a single eye to
+Thy glory, and thus preserve a calm and kind temper, whatsoever may be
+the resistance offered on this occasion. And wilt Thou, O Lord, assist
+our beloved captain to do his duty, and to so command his men and
+order the battle, that when all shall be over, he may have a
+conscience void of offence towards God and towards man. And whatsoever
+treasures may come to us, may we gratefully employ in Thy service and
+to Thy glory, remembering that Jesus Christ, who died for us and rose
+again for our justification, first became poor, that we through his
+poverty might be made rich, and therefore that we ought to use our
+wealth to the advancement of Christianity in our own souls and among
+our fellow-beings, as the best evidence of our gratitude for our
+earthly prosperity, and for those treasures which are laid up for us
+in heaven; and to Thy gracious name, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, be
+the praise forever. _Amen_."
+
+The tone of the chaplain's voice, the fervid manner and the striking
+pathos of this short prayer, had a strong effect upon Captain
+Templeton and his wife. They both rose from their knees with tears in
+their eyes.
+
+The Captain grasped the hand of Mr. Gracelius, and earnestly said: "I
+feel strengthened, my brother; and I can now say, If the Lord be for
+us, who can be against us!" He then passed out and resumed his
+position on the deck.
+
+"Miss St. Clair," said Mrs. Templeton, "do you think that can be
+wickedness which the Lord sanctifies with his communion?"
+
+Before Mary could reply, the loud report of a cannon gave notice that
+the action had commenced.
+
+The struggle was a short one, the French vessel was captured, with the
+loss of her commander, who fell at the first fire. It took but a short
+time to have all on the merchantman in fetters, and the vessel manned
+by the pirates.
+
+It was not until the morning after the capture that matters became
+composed on the pirates' vessel, and everything in usual order.
+
+At breakfast Mary took the liberty to ask the Captain what he designed
+to do with his prisoners.
+
+"I always endeavor," he replied, "to remember the obligations of
+humanity and Christianity. Sometimes, for our own safety, we are
+compelled to put our captives to death, but I do so always with great
+reluctance, and never without prayer to God that their souls might be
+saved. In this case I think we shall not be under this painful
+necessity."
+
+"Captain," said Albert, "it is perfectly unaccountable to me how a man
+of your naturally humane and benevolent disposition can engage in this
+business of robbery and murder."
+
+"Well, Mr. Gillon," replied the Captain, "I make every allowance for
+one who has been educated as you have been, and taught that pirates
+were only worthy of the gallows; although I cannot but feel that your
+language is not such as your refined and polished manners would
+warrant me to expect and require. Our business is not robbery and
+murder. The laws under which we live, both social and political, are
+as decidedly opposed to such crimes as among any other people."
+
+"I did not," replied Albert, "intend to be ungentlemanly in my
+language, and was not aware that these terms were offensive to you.
+But, sir, you only increase my amazement. I cannot comprehend how you
+can characterize your business by terms more appropriate. Is it not so
+that piracy is but the practice of robbery and murder, when it takes
+away a man's possessions, and then destroys his life to make the booty
+secure?"
+
+"I perceive, Mr. Gillon, that you labor under the delusion that all
+pirates are bad and cruel men. I confess, sir, there are many of our
+people who treat their prisoners with unnecessary severity, and
+frequently inflict death when the occasion does not demand it. But, my
+dear sir, this is the abuse of piracy, not its legitimate use."
+
+"And do you really mean to say, Captain Templeton," said Mary, "that
+piracy can be made an honorable business?"
+
+"Of course I do, miss," replied the Captain, "and I regret that Miss
+St. Clair can suppose I would engage in a business that I did not
+believe to be honorable."
+
+"But, Captain, you profess to be a Christian, and it is a great
+mystery to me how you can reconcile your profession with your
+practice. Surely you do not believe that the Scriptures justify such a
+life."
+
+"That is precisely my belief, Miss," replied the Captain. "Piracy is a
+Bible institution, and if it were not so, I would abandon it at once."
+
+"Ah!" said Albert, "that accounts for it. It is that belief in the
+Bible that leads the mind and the heart astray from the clear
+principles of a sound moral philosophy. Even my good Mary, here, is so
+warped by her reverence for the Bible, that she defends the
+institution of slavery, which I abhor with all my heart. But, Captain,
+although I am not surprised at your belief that the Bible sanctions
+piracy, since it is quoted by Christians in support of all sorts of
+wickedness, I am surprised that a man of your good sense and keen
+moral perception in regard to other matters of life, should not
+perceive that slavery, and piracy, and war, and everything of the
+sort, are irreconcilable with sound morality."
+
+"I do not know," replied the Captain, "what might be the conclusions
+of abstract reasoning upon the subject outside of the Bible, for I
+have never thought very profoundly about it. But I feel satisfied so
+long as I have the assurance that the revealed Word is on my side."
+
+"But, Captain," said Mary, "I am not willing to allow that the Bible
+is on your side. It shocks me to hear you say so."
+
+"Well, Miss St. Clair, I must turn you over to brother Gracelius, who
+is well posted up in Bible matters. He will be able to show you that
+piracy is a Bible institution."
+
+"Yes, my young sister," said Mr. Gracelius, who had not been
+inattentive to the conversation, while he was enjoying an excellent
+cup of coffee. "The Scriptures do most certainly sanction the
+institution of piracy."
+
+Here Mr. Gracelius took from his pocket a small Bible, and proceeded
+to say: "On such a question, I am strongly disposed to pass by all
+ethical and metaphysical dissertation, and appeal at once to the only
+standard of right and wrong which can prove decisive. It is the
+responses of the sacred oracles to which we must after all appeal."
+
+"I could wish, Mr. Gracelius," said Albert, "that you would discuss
+this question rather upon the foundation principles of morality, than
+by arguments from a volume which sanctions war, slavery, death
+penalties, and a host of other evils, by the very confessions of
+Christians themselves."
+
+"I perceive," said Mr. Gracelius, "that you, sir, have never yet
+learned the true grace of God through regeneration, or you too would
+bow submissively to the teachings of the sacred Scriptures, and
+acknowledge them as the highest standard of right and morality. I
+cannot, therefore, hope to seriously affect your mind by an appeal to
+the Bible. But Miss St. Clair, being a Christian, will feel the force
+of such high authority."
+
+"Truly, Mr. Gracelius," said Mary, "I do take the Bible as my highest
+standard of truth; and it is from the principles taught by the Bible
+that I have the assurance that piracy is awfully criminal. And I am
+utterly astonished that a man of your apparent piety, and who so well
+understands the doctrines of Christianity, can for a moment think that
+the Bible justifies such crimes."
+
+"My dear young sister," said the minister, "you are begging the
+question when you call piracy a crime, for that is the very thing you
+are to prove. But let us see what piracy is:
+
+"In order to clear away rubbish, and to arrive at once at the point,
+let me remind you that it is simply the _essential_ character of
+piracy which we are discussing. Piracy itself is nothing more than the
+appropriating of the products of another's labor and skill, without
+his consent or contract. The absence of the contract, or the consent
+of the producer, does not alter the nature and extent of the pirates'
+right. The case is analogous to that of parents and children. A father
+has a right to the productions of his child's labor during his
+minority, without the contract or consent of the child, and he may
+even transfer that right. But I grant that this does not justify the
+father in doing anything to the detriment of the child, either
+morally, intellectually, or physically. And, beyond doubt, this is the
+true light in which Christianity would have pirates regard their
+relations. The capture of a vessel, and the treatment of prisoners,
+involve a great responsibility. Nothing more should be done than is
+absolutely essential to the maintenance of the peculiar institutions
+of piracy. It is not the relation of the pirate to the producer or
+prisoner which is sinful, but infidelity to the solemn trust which
+that relation creates. It does not follow, because he has a right to
+the produce of another's labor or skill, that he has also a right to
+inflict unnecessary violence on his person, or take from him all means
+of livelihood. Whenever it can be done, without jeopardizing the
+well-being and interests of our society and institutions, we ought to
+spare the prisoner's life, make him comfortable while in our hands,
+place him as soon as possible where he can return to his home, and
+leave him means enough to keep him from starving or absolute
+destitution.
+
+"To include in the idea of piracy, that also of robbery and murder, is
+to confound two things entirely distinct, and which really have no
+sort of connection. If I take from another that which I have no right
+to by the laws of the society or government under which I live, then I
+am a robber; for that alone is property which the law makes property,
+as one of your own great statesmen has very properly said; and if I
+take life, when not essential to maintain my own rights under the laws
+of that government which I recognize in my social obligations, I am a
+murderer. I therefore insist upon it, that, in discussing this
+subject, we regard as appropriate to the question only the _essential_
+elements of piracy, and not its abuses; for piracy may exist without
+inflicting these aggravated wrongs.
+
+"Christian pirates have great regard for the welfare, temporal and
+spiritual, of their fellow-beings, and oftentimes exercise the spirit
+of the most self-denying missionaries. Such men and women do honor to
+human nature. They are the true friends of their race.
+
+"Now, here is piracy--a system of society and government which gives
+opportunity to inculcate among graceless men who fall into our hands
+the principles of the Gospel of Christ; and many an ungodly man has
+had the opportunity in our cabin of hearing the doctrines of the
+cross, who, whilst immersed in the business, and cares, and pleasures
+of life, never darkened the door of a meeting-house on land. And many
+of them have been converted to the Christian faith, and have become
+excellent and worthy Christian pirates.
+
+"Those of our captains who have Christian sailors under them have the
+best-managed vessels; and really their crews do more of effective
+work, both in battle and in ship duties, than any ungodly crew that
+can be found.
+
+"No, Sister Mary, depend upon it, you have imbibed a prejudice against
+piracy, and you suppose it to involve all sorts of crime. But the true
+question of issue between us is pruned to this:--Is it necessarily a
+crime in the sight of God to control the property, or curtail the
+personal liberty, or take the life of a human being in any case?
+
+"Every government has necessarily a right to pass laws indispensable
+to its existence; and it has a right, also, to establish those
+regulations which shall best promote the good of the whole population.
+Now, what political organization is most desirable for a particular
+people, depends on circumstances; but, whatever be that adopted,
+whether democracy, or despotism, or piratical confederation, the
+rights of man, as a human being, are trenched upon; and visionary have
+proved and will prove all projects of constructing and fashioning
+society according to philosophical notions and theories of abstract
+unalienable rights. That piracy or any civil institution interferes
+with the property of a man, or a class of men (as, for instance,
+merchants), does not then make it necessarily, and, amid all
+circumstances, a crime."
+
+Mr. Gracelius here paused, and gave Mary an opportunity to put in a
+word.
+
+"But," said she, "after taking off what you call the rubbish, Mr.
+Gracelius, and pruning the question down as much as you please, I
+cannot possibly admit that the Bible anywhere justifies piracy under
+any circumstances whatsoever, either abstractly or practically. I call
+upon you for anything in all the Bible that gives the slightest
+countenance to such a mode of life, or such a government, as you are
+pleased to term it."
+
+"I should rather require of you," replied the learned divine, "to make
+out from the Bible your charge that piracy is a crime. I know not a
+word from the first of Genesis to the end of Revelation where piracy
+is once condemned. But I pass this, and, waiving my clear logical
+rights, undertake to prove the negative, and to show that the Bible
+does, most explicitly, both by precept and example, bear me out in my
+assertion, that piracy is not necessarily, and always, and amidst all
+circumstances, a sin. WHAT GOD SANCTIONED IN THE OLD TESTAMENT, AND
+PERMITTED IN THE NEW, CANNOT BE SIN.
+
+"I begin with the patriarch Jacob, whose name Israel has been
+appropriated from his day to this time to the true church. How did
+Jacob acquire his great riches? Was it not by appropriating the
+property of Laban to himself? And did not God bless him in thus doing?
+There is not a word of condemnation; but, on the contrary, Jacob, in
+telling his brother that he had much property, remarked, that God had
+dealt graciously with him. Here, you see, is a marked case of an
+appropriation of another's property by a very adroit stratagem, which
+is fully justified by the Old Testament, and uncondemned by the New.
+
+"Had Jacob not represented in his person a different community from
+Laban's, of which he was to be the Patriarch, his mode of acquiring
+wealth out of Laban would have been censurable. But his conduct
+towards Laban was consistent with what was subsequently allowed under
+the Mosaic laws on the part of the Jews towards other nations. They
+could, for instance, make slaves of the nations round about;--they
+could take usury of them;--they could despoil them by war, and they
+could do a variety of things in relation to the people of other
+nations which would have been robbery, fraud, murder, and so on, if
+done by Jews to Jews. Thus the idea that that is property which the
+law makes property, is of divine origin.
+
+"Take now the case of the Israelites in their exodus from Egypt; they
+were positively enjoined by the Divine command to borrow of their
+Egyptian neighbors their various costly jewelries, not with the idea
+of returning them, but of appropriating them permanently to their own
+benefit.
+
+"David, who was a man after God's own heart, did not regard it robbery
+to obtain from the Priest the shew-bread itself, although to do so he
+deceived the Priest by telling that which, under other circumstances,
+would be called a lie. It was essential to his life--to his support.
+It was not therefore criminal to tell the falsehood in order to obtain
+the bread. Now, it is upon this very principle that your government
+and all civil governments employ diplomatic agents, in order to secure
+by adroitness and craftiness commercial and other advantages; and it
+is upon the same principle that we pirates justify our proceedings. It
+is essential to the support and maintenance of our people; and there
+is as much in the Scriptures to warrant our stratagems to decoy
+vessels and get the benefit of their cargoes, as for your government
+to obtain advantages by diplomatic adroitness. We must have a living.
+
+"But you say we not only rob but murder. But as all appropriations of
+others' possessions are not essentially robbery, so all killing is not
+essentially murder. If you will look into the Book of Judges, xiv. 19,
+you will find that the taking of spoil even by violence and bloodshed,
+is not necessarily a crime--is not necessarily robbery and murder. It
+is the case of Samson when he had to give thirty changes of raiment to
+those who had expounded his riddle. It is said: "And the Spirit of the
+Lord came upon him, and he went down to Askelon and slew thirty men of
+them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them
+which expounded the riddle." Now, notice this particularly, that
+Samson did all this under the influence of God's Spirit. And you will
+remember that Paul in Hebrews mentions Samson with special
+commendation.
+
+"Now, if Samson, and David, and Jacob did such things, we feel
+justified in proceeding accordingly.
+
+"But as I have not time to go into very minute detail, I pass at once
+to two very important points in the New Testament. The first occurs
+in Christ's parable of the unjust steward. There the steward is
+commended for making an arrangement by which he secured his permanent
+interest by adroitly subtracting from what was due his Lord by his
+debtors. He had acted unjustly in the office of steward, being bound
+by honor to fulfil its duties and his obligations to his employer, but
+so soon as his obligations to his employer ceased on being ordered out
+of the stewardship, and his very living cut off, then it was no longer
+unjust, but commendable to do that which before would have been fraud
+or robbery.
+
+"The other case is that of our blessed Lord himself. He sent his
+disciples to take away from the place where they were tied an ass and
+her colt; and he told them how to escape should they be caught at it,
+by saying: 'The Lord hath need of them.' Now, when we take away the
+property of others, we may reply to those who question us, 'The Lord
+hath need of them,' for every good pirate will endeavor so to use what
+he obtains as to promote the best interests of religion, and to
+glorify our blessed Redeemer.
+
+"And now, my dear young sister, what more need I say to establish the
+point that piracy is not essentially sinful--that it is not _malum in
+se_? Indeed, it stands upon the same footing that slavery does, and is
+vindicated by the same process of reasoning. The argument for slavery
+is identically the same in principle as for piracy. And you know it is
+upon the ground that slavery is not under all circumstances a sin,
+that Christians in the Northern States hold communion with you of the
+South. And I admire that charitable spirit which induces them to
+believe that Southern Christians do not uphold the barbarous features
+which wicked and cruel masters impress upon the system of slavery.
+They give you, therefore, very properly, the right hand of Christian
+fellowship, which they could not do if slaveholding were sin in
+itself. And I doubt not they would as readily commune with Christian
+pirates, since it is evident that piracy is not, any more than
+slavery, _malum in se_."
+
+Mary made no reply, but sat musing with a countenance overwhelmed with
+sadness.
+
+Mr. Gracelius looked as though he had accomplished a decided victory;
+and Captain Templeton smiled with approbation.
+
+Albert after a short silence exclaimed with great emphasis: "I thank
+God _my_ Bible is my _reason_, my _conscience_, and my _heart_. I
+this day glory in being an infidel."
+
+"Oh! Albert, Albert!" cried Mary, and burst into tears.
+
+Albert seeing he had wounded the feelings of one he loved so dearly,
+tried to soothe her by remarking that he had met at the North with
+some persons who maintained that the Bible was misunderstood and
+misinterpreted by the most of the commentators and theologians, and
+that when rightly explained and received, would be found to be
+perfectly in harmony with the sympathies and philanthropic emotions of
+the human heart, and with the principles of enlightened reason. But as
+these persons were generally called fanatical and visionary, he had
+not paid much attention to their strictures. "I intend, however," he
+added, "to take an early opportunity to investigate the Bible for
+myself, and if it prove itself to be better than its commentators and
+expounders, perhaps I shall become a Christian. But I cannot be a
+Christian if Christianity props up slaveholding and piracy."
+
+Here the conversation was interrupted by the entrance of a messenger,
+who announced that every preparation had been made, and that Mr.
+Gillon and Miss St. Clair could now go on board the merchant vessel.
+On rising to depart, Albert with much feeling addressed the Captain:
+
+"Captain Templeton, we are much indebted to you for saving our lives,
+and for the hospitality and very kind attentions we have received. I
+would that I could repay you in some way. But you will pardon me, so
+young a man, for expressing the profound wish of my heart, that you
+would abandon this horrible life, and no longer delude yourself with
+the idea that the Bible is the highest authority for the regulation of
+man's life. Recognize every man, everywhere, as your brother, and
+treat all as you have treated Mary and myself,--treat all as your own
+heart, left to its most benevolent promptings, would dictate, and (the
+Bible to the contrary notwithstanding) you will please God better than
+you can do by any adherence to theological dogmas, that make the
+Almighty the author of piracy, slavery, war, death-penalties, and such
+like institutions and practices."
+
+"And I, too, hope," replied Captain Templeton, "that you will look
+into this matter with care, and come to the conclusion to follow that
+good book rather than the _ignis fatuus_ of mere human reason and
+natural conscience. I admire your honesty and candor, Mr. Gillon, and,
+although I cannot but regard your views as fanatical, I trust that
+when the ardor of youth shall give place to the reflections of maturer
+years, you will be as firm a believer in the Bible as I am."
+
+"Ah!" said Mr. Gracelius, "that will depend upon the grace of God.
+Farewell, young man, and may the Lord convert your soul and give us a
+happy meeting again, where we shall sing the song of the Lamb forever
+and ever."
+
+Mary, still in tears, took Mr. Gracelius by the hand and said:
+
+"Mr. Gracelius, I am not at all convinced that the Scriptures favor
+your views, although I am not prepared to meet your arguments. But I
+fear you have so confirmed Albert in his infidelity, that it will be
+exceedingly hard to get him hereafter even to listen to Christian
+instruction."
+
+"Oh! my young sister," replied the minister, "the grace of God can
+conquer the worst of infidels, and I hope your friend will yet become
+an ambassador of Christ."
+
+By this time the party were standing on deck, ready to bid the last
+adieu. Our young friends were soon on board the merchant vessel and
+out of sight of their strange benefactors.
+
+They found that the pirates had liberated the crew and passengers, and
+returned them to their vessel, retaining only the rich cargo.
+
+Having been well supplied with funds, in gold, when they left home,
+which Albert had about his person when taken up by the pirates, they
+found no difficulty, on reaching France, in making their way to
+England, and thence to the United States.
+
+On the voyages Albert perused the Scriptures with great attention, not
+only because Mary had urged him to do so, but because he felt that he
+needed to be informed of the true nature and character of what was
+claimed to be sacred writings. He was careful to avoid conversation on
+the subject during the progress of his investigations; and Mary
+herself was not, after her last interview with Mr. Gracelius,
+sufficiently quieted in her own mind to give expression to her
+thoughts.
+
+It was in November, when an Indian summer was augmenting the beauty of
+the scenery about the harbor of New York, that our young friends were
+sitting together in Mary's spacious state-room on board the noble
+vessel which was just passing Staten Island.
+
+"Albert," said Mary, with deep emotion, and the tear in her eye, "I
+have become an Abolitionist."
+
+"And I," said Albert, with yet deeper emphasis, "have become a
+Christian."
+
+"Thank God--thank God!" exclaimed Mary. "O, Albert, I cannot tell you
+how happy I am to hear you say so. But I do not need any explanation,
+for I see through it all. The pirates have made me an Abolitionist,
+and the Bible has made you a Christian. I have now learned how to
+understand its teachings, and you have learned that the precious
+volume has been grievously tortured to uphold the evil instead of the
+good."
+
+"It is even so, Mary," replied Albert. "I have been reading and
+studying with an earnest desire for truth. I find much, in the Old
+Testament, calculated to bewilder, and much that requires the New
+Testament to explain. I find, scattered through the Old Testament,
+holy principles that are brought into full relief by Jesus Christ, who
+has, by his example, and in his instructions to his disciples,
+elucidated what was obscure and rejected from the claims of divine
+authority what was only Jewish misconception. I am satisfied that it
+does not uphold violence, oppression, and wrong, and throw around
+these things the sanction of the divine mind. I find that everything
+taught by Jesus Christ is in full harmony with the most benevolent and
+honorable feelings of the human heart, and with the highest sense of
+justice and consciousness of right, and is diametrically opposed to
+all base carnal passions and affections, and to all that is violative
+of human equality and brotherhood.
+
+"I believe in Jesus Christ. And I had the ideal of such a Saviour for
+man before I saw that the Jesus of the New Testament is the true
+Captain of Salvation. And now I find that such a Saviour really
+exists, I am willing to follow his leadings, although I know it will
+require self-denials and sacrifices. I tell you, Mary, I found out
+from reading the Bible that I was an unregenerated man, and needed
+God's spirit to purify and sanctify my heart; and I have learned this
+from studying carefully the life and doctrines of Christ, who, in the
+flesh, gave a full manifestation of the godhead, and by _his
+righteousness_ brought to my own view _my unrighteousness_.
+
+"I read of Jesus dying on the cross rather than not carry out every
+jot and every tittle of the divine morality, and every principle of
+pure and undefiled religion. I stand in admiration of this divine
+heroism. I learn farther that his great mission was to induce sinful
+man to abandon his sins and become reconciled to God; and that it was
+in carrying out this mission that he subjected himself to the tortures
+of the cross. Under the influence of God's Spirit, this brings me to
+true repentance, and I determine to reform by taking Jesus as my
+exemplar and the captain of my salvation. I am thus made reconciled to
+God's law, and feel pardoned for the past and hopeful for the future.
+My faith in Christ gives me strength to live the life of a Christian,
+and thus I am saved. Jesus Christ's death has in this way reconciled
+me to God, and being thereby brought into harmony with God, God is
+reconciled to me. Jesus Christ therefore making atonement or
+reconciliation for me, has truly suffered in my stead. That is to say,
+his suffering in order to impress me with my obligations to God and
+his law, has by reconciling me to God's law, kept me from suffering
+the penalty of law. And when I think that God made this provision for
+this fallen world--that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever
+believeth in him should not perish but have eternal life, and I
+realize it all with trust and confidence, I feel that the kingdom of
+heaven is within me. I am truly happy."
+
+"My dear Albert," responded Mary, "you make me to see all this in a
+new light. I confess I never before properly understood the doctrine
+of the atonement. I did not before understand that atonement for man,
+and reconciliation between God and man, were one and the same thing.
+But I now perceive that there is no atonement unless we become
+Christ-like; and that just in proportion as we are Christ-like, we are
+in harmony with God, and are thus far saved. God converts the soul
+from the love of sin to the love of Christ, and that love of Christ
+insures obedience to his commandments to the full measure of our
+knowledge. To be clothed upon then with the righteousness of Christ,
+and to have Christ's righteousness imputed to us, are not terms
+signifying a righteousness extraneous from ourselves, and only
+regarded in place of righteousness in us, but really and truly to
+manifest a righteousness which will be seen and recognized by our
+ownselves and others as a righteousness derived from Christ, because
+we live as Christ would have us to live. O how pleasant it is to see
+the matter in so clear a light!"
+
+"And now," said Albert, "I wish to know how it is you a little while
+ago called yourself an Abolitionist. Did you really mean what you said
+in its full import?"
+
+"Yes I did," replied Mary. "That argument made by Mr. Gracelius was so
+exactly similar to the mode of interpreting the Scriptures in behalf
+of slavery, that I at once saw if it were good for slavery, it was
+just as good in defence of piracy; and that I must give up the Bible
+under such a mode of interpretation, or admit that piracy itself is
+sanctioned by the Bible. I could not give up my precious Bible, for I
+have felt so much of its hallowed influences upon my soul, that I
+could not think of parting from it. I have, like yourself, spent this
+voyage studying it with great care, and whatever may be the criticisms
+of the learned upon words, I am certain that the whole spirit of
+Christianity, as developed before and since Christ, utterly condemns
+any and every system, or practice, or principle which does not
+recognize all men as brethren. And I also perceive that many things
+have been wrested from their original meaning to subserve the
+purposes of oppression and tyranny. I now so read that good book, that
+I discriminate between the erroneous ideas and practices of the Jews
+and the divine law--between historical facts and traditional
+inferences--between man's misconceptions and the true principles of
+religion. I now can and do see from the Bible itself that slavery is
+all wrong; and being so, I am obliged to be an Abolitionist; for I
+know that no Christian ought to continue the practice of what is wrong
+in itself on any consideration. But, Albert, how was it that you who
+did not believe in the Bible, became an Abolitionist?"
+
+"Why, Mary, the truth is, I did not believe in the Bible, because,
+being an Abolitionist, professed Christians and ministers instructed
+me that the Bible sanctioned slavery, and that it required obedience
+to earthly masters and rulers, even although their commands and laws
+be contrary to the divine law. This was so contrary to my sense of
+natural right, that I said to myself I cannot honor the true God by
+submitting to the authority of the Bible; and therefore it was I took
+an utter aversion to the Bible. My respect for my parents prevented me
+from telling them when they would urge me to read the Bible, that
+their own views and practice had already convinced me that it was an
+unrighteous book; for I could not believe that my father would hold
+slaves under any conviction of its rightfulness drawn from nature, and
+that my mother would treat the blacks as she did, had she been
+governed by her natural sense of justice; but that by early education
+in the Bible, they had been trained to regard slaveholding perfectly
+compatible with the divine law, and the black as some heathenish
+being, whom it was no oppression to enslave. But now having examined
+the Bible with care, I see that they who take that Book to justify the
+enslaving of men, have been most dreadfully deluded."
+
+"Well, Albert," said Mary, "you know the obligations of Christianity
+require action as well as sentiment. If we are Christians truly, we
+have to serve Christ fully. We dare not, therefore, withhold our
+testimony against slavery any more than against any other crime. How
+then can we return to Carolina? We cannot be happy there amidst an
+institution which we abhor."
+
+"Mary, like yourself, I now feel," said Albert, "that a Christian must
+not hide his light under a bushel. We must speak for the dumb and for
+the truth as it is in Jesus. But with such views and intentions we
+would not be suffered in South Carolina. What, then, are we to do?"
+
+Mary, after a few moments' meditation, answered, "Albert, our parents
+think we were lost with the Pulaski. Let it stand so. They will suffer
+more if we go back to them with such sentiments as we now entertain.
+And for your sake, and for our parents' sake, and for the sake of
+Christ, I am willing to sacrifice all my worldly prospects and try to
+make a living by my own exertions in some place where my own feelings
+will not be shocked with the perpetual violation of Christian law by
+my own slaveholding relatives, and where I shall not be myself an
+annoyance to them."
+
+Here their dialogue was interrupted by the arrival of the ship at the
+wharf, and in a short time our young friends were safely landed in New
+York.
+
+Suffice it to say, in conclusion, that they both agreed never more to
+be dependent on the wealth of their parents,--assured as they were
+that all they could bestow upon them would be the product of
+unrequited toil. They were soon united in holy wedlock, and, after
+engaging in teaching an academy a short time, Albert became a faithful
+and zealous minister of the gospel; and he and his loving wife in
+process of time succeeded in revealing their situation to their
+parents, in such terms as to reconcile them to their anti-slavery
+views, and to induce them finally to emancipate their slaves.
+
+They are all living happily in moderate circumstances, in a little
+town in one of the free States,--in the direct line of the
+"under-ground railroad;" and many a poor fugitive finds a comfortable
+shelter in either of their humble cottages.
+
+A short time since, Mary was reading the discussion between Dr.
+Wayland and Dr. Fuller, on the subject of slavery, and was startled to
+find the very words of Mr. Gracelius and his identical argument, used
+by the champion of American slavery.
+
+"Albert," said she to her husband, "would you believe it, Dr. Fuller
+and Mr. Gracelius are one and the same person."
+
+"It surely cannot be!" said Albert. But to this day the matter looks
+very mysterious to them. And it is hoped that Dr. Fuller or Dr.
+Wayland will explain the coincidence of the arguments in some
+satisfactory manner.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Henry Brisbane]
+
+
+
+
+Toil and Trust.
+
+
+This is the motto of all persons sincerely disposed to embrace the
+cross of the anti-slavery enterprise. The duty it imposes is two-fold;
+1. To _toil_ for the spread of the truth; and 2. To _trust_ to the
+dissipation of error. The most potent barrier set up against the
+opponents of slavery is made of the prejudices carefully instilled
+into the popular mind against them. I propose, in brief, to point out
+their origin.
+
+It is sedulously inculcated:
+
+1. That anti-slavery is a pure sectional feeling, and springs from
+jealousy of the South.
+
+Fifty years ago this idea might fairly have been entertained. Many of
+the arguments then used have no better root than political jealousy.
+But it is not so now. The ruling objection at present is, that slavery
+is WRONG, no matter where it may be found; that it is a moral evil,
+and an offence against religion, not less than a great political
+curse; that indifference to it among good men encourages its extension
+among bad men; and that nothing but resolute and universal
+condemnation of it in every form will stimulate to its abolition. How
+far these views are from jealousy of the South, must appear obvious
+enough to all who reflect that those who entertain them, consider the
+result to be arrived at as one which must spring from the voluntary
+convictions of those most affected by it, that they are getting rid of
+the only serious drawback to their own prosperity. Of course, then, it
+is the best interests of the South,--their strength, moral, social,
+and political,--that anti-slavery men believe they are promoting, by
+their course.
+
+2. That the enemies of slavery desire to subvert the Constitution and
+to dissolve the Union.
+
+Possibly, a few impatient spirits may have got so far. They
+constitute, however, but a very small portion of the number included
+in the term. Nine-tenths of these hold that neither the Constitution
+nor the Union should be brought into question at all. They consider
+that the resort to them as a protection and safeguard to slavery, by
+ill-judging and rash conservatives, has done more to put them into
+serious danger, than the acts of all others combined during the
+present century. Any man who relies upon a good government to sustain
+acknowledged evil, does much to modify the notions of goodness which
+honest and conscientious men have entertained respecting that
+government. He furnishes an entering wedge for doubt and distrust,
+which, if not removed, will grow into aversion. Anti-slavery men
+reason differently. They separate slavery from the Constitution and
+the Union, and, by seeking to destroy the former, desire to perpetuate
+the latter. They hold, that against the concentrated moral sentiment
+of the whole country, acting through its legitimate public channels,
+and aided by the prayers and the hopes of all the civilized world, it
+would be much more difficult to maintain slavery in the States, than
+if the dangers of general misgovernment and disunion were to come in
+to distract the public attention, and open up social disasters of a
+worse kind than those which they seek to remedy.
+
+3. The spirit of this reform is denunciatory, violent, and
+proscriptive.
+
+It is inevitable that all movements directed against the established
+errors of communities originate with men more or less fanatical in
+spirit. None but they have the necessary elements of character to
+advance at all. But, as others become convinced of the fundamental
+truths which they utter, the tendency of their association is to
+modify and soften the tone, and make it more nearly approximate the
+correct sentiment. At this period, there is quite as much of
+liberality among anti-slavery men as is consistent with a determined
+maintenance of their general purpose. Though disposed to be just to
+all who conscientiously differ with them in opinion, they cannot
+overlook the fact that many honest persons are too indifferent, and
+more are too compromising in their views of slavery. To rouse the one,
+and alarm the other class into a conviction of their responsibility
+for their apathy, is one of the most imperative duties. It may be that
+this is not always done in the most courtly or the choicest terms.
+Some allowances must be made for the spirit of liberty. These cases
+form, however, the exception, and not the rule, among anti-slavery
+men. The great majority well comprehend that the greatest results will
+follow efforts made without bitterness of temper. They remember that
+whilst the Saviour denounced without stint the formal scribe, the
+hollow Pharisee, and the greedy money-changer, he chose for his sphere
+of exertion the society of publicans and sinners.
+
+4. Anti-slavery men seek to set slaves against their masters, at the
+risk of the lives and happiness of both.
+
+This impression, which is much the most common, is, at the same time,
+the least founded in truth of all. No evidence, worthy of a moment's
+credit, has ever been produced, implicating any class of them in a
+suspicion of the kind. Nothing proves the absence of all malignity
+towards the slaveholders more clearly than this. If they sought really
+to injure them, what could be more easy than to stimulate disaffection
+along so extensive a line of boundary as that of the slave States?
+Probably few of them entertain any doubt of the abstract _right_ of
+the slave to free himself from the condition in which he is kept
+against his own consent, in any manner practicable. How easy then the
+step from this opinion to an act of encouragement! That it has never
+been taken furnishes the most conclusive proof of the falsity of the
+popular impression, and of the moderations of the anti-slavery men,
+who seek only, in the moral convictions of the masters, for the
+source of freedom to the slaves.
+
+But though it be true that all these common impressions are delusions
+strewn in the way of anti-slavery men to impair the effect of their
+exertions, it by no means follows that they should be induced by them
+to assume a moderation which encourages sluggishness. No great
+movement in human affairs can be made without zeal, energy, and
+perseverance. It must be animated by a strong will, and tempered by a
+benevolent purpose. Such is the shape which the anti-slavery reform is
+gradually assuming. Its motto, then, should be, as was said in the
+beginning:
+
+          "TOIL AND TRUST."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Charles Francis Adams.]
+
+QUINCY, 10 July, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+Friendship for the Slave is Friendship for the Master.
+
+
+It is a mistake on the part of the people of the south to suppose that
+those who desire the extinction of slavery, whether residing in
+America or England, are actuated by unfriendly feelings toward them
+personally, or by any hostility to the pecuniary or social interests
+of their section of country. The most important and influential
+classes of the population, both of England and of the northern States
+of this Union, have a direct and strong pecuniary interest at stake,
+in the prosperity and welfare of the south. If the people of
+Massachusetts or those of Lancashire were employed in raising cotton
+and sugar, and if the prices which they obtained for their produce
+were kept down by southern competition, then there might perhaps be
+some ground for suspecting a covert hostility in any action or
+influence which they might attempt to exert on such a question. But
+the contrary is the fact. New England and Old England manufacture and
+consume the cotton and sugar which the south produces. They are
+directly and deeply interested in having the production of these
+articles go on in the most advantageous manner possible. The southern
+planter is not their competitor and rival. He is their partner. His
+work is to them and to their pursuits one of co-operation and aid.
+Consequently his prosperity is their prosperity, and his ruin would be
+an irretrievable disaster, not a benefit, to them. They are thus
+naturally his friends, and, consequently, when in desiring a change in
+the relation which subsists between him and his laborers, they declare
+that they are not actuated by any unfriendly feeling toward him, but
+honestly think that the change would be beneficial to all concerned,
+there is every reason why they should be believed.
+
+There was a time when the laboring population of England occupied a
+position in respect to the proprietors of the soil there, very
+analogous to that now held by African slaves in our country. But the
+system has been changed. From being serfs, compelled to toil for
+masters, under the influence of compulsion or fear, they have become a
+free peasantry, working in the employment of landlords, for wages.
+But this change has not depressed or degraded the landlords, or
+injured them in any way. On the contrary, it has probably elevated and
+improved the condition of the master quite as much as it has that of
+the man.
+
+Imagine such a change as this on any southern plantation: the
+Christian master desiring conscientiously to obey the divine
+command,--given expressly for his guidance, in his responsible
+relation of employer,--that he should "give unto his servants that
+which is just and equal,--forbearing threatening,"--resolves that he
+will henceforth induce industry on his estate by the payment of honest
+wages, instead of coercing his laborers by menaces and stripes; and
+after carefully considering the whole ground, he estimates, as fairly
+and faithfully as he can, what proportion of the whole avails of his
+culture properly belong to the labor performed by his men, and what to
+the capital, skill, and supervision, furnished and exercised by
+himself,--and then fixes upon a rate of wages, graduating the scale
+fairly and honestly according to the strength, the diligence, and the
+fidelity of the various laborers. Suppose, also, that some suitable
+arrangement is made on the plantation or in the vicinity, by which the
+servants can expend what they earn, in such comforts, ornaments, or
+luxuries as are adapted to their condition and their ideas. Suppose
+that, in consequence of the operation of this system, the laborers,
+instead of desiring, as now, to make their escape from the scene of
+labor, should each prize and value his place in it, and fear
+dismission from it as a punishment. Suppose that through the change
+which this new state of things should produce, it should become an
+agreeable and honorable duty to superintend and manage the system, as
+it is now agreeable and honorable to superintend the operations of a
+manufactory, or the construction or working of a railway, or the
+building of a fortress, or any other organized system of industry
+where the workmen are paid, and that consequently, instead of rude and
+degraded overseers, intemperate and profane, extorting labor by
+threats and severity, there should be found a class of intelligent,
+humane, and honest men, to direct and superintend the industry of the
+estate,--men whom the proprietor would not be ashamed to associate
+with, or to admit to his parlor or table. In a word, suppose that the
+general contentment and happiness which the new system would induce in
+all concerned in it, were such that peace of mind should return to
+the master's breast, now,--especially in hours of sickness and
+suffering, and at the approach of death,--so often disturbed, and a
+sense of safety be restored to his family, so that it should no longer
+be necessary to keep the pistols or the rifle always at hand, and that
+the wife and children could lie down and sleep at night, without
+starting at unusual or sudden sounds, or apprehending insurrection
+when they hear the cry of fire. Suppose that such a change as this
+were possible, is it the part of a friend or an enemy to desire to
+have it effected?
+
+But all such suppositions as these, the southern man will perhaps say,
+are visionary and utopian in the highest degree. No such state of
+things as is contemplated by them, can by any possibility be realized
+with such a population as the southern slaves. Very well; say _this_,
+if you please, and prove it, if it can be proved. But do not charge
+those who desire that it might be realized, with being actuated, in
+advocating the change, by unfriendly feelings towards you,--for most
+assuredly they do not entertain any.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Jacob Abbott.]
+
+
+
+
+Christine.
+
+     "O, these childen, how they do lie round our hearts."--MILLY
+     EDMONDSON.
+
+
+The clock struck the appointed hour, and the sale commenced. Articles
+of household furniture, horses, carts, and slaves, were waiting
+together to be sold to the highest bidder. For strange as it would
+seem in another land than this, beneath the ample folds of the
+"Star-spangled Banner," _human sinews_ were to be bought and sold.
+Bodies, such as the Apostle called the "temples of the Holy Ghost," in
+which dwelt souls for which Christ died;--men, women and little
+children, made in the image of God, were classed with marketable
+commodities, to be sold by the pound, like dumb beasts in the
+shambles. Husbands would be torn from their wives, mothers from their
+children, and _all_ from everything they loved most dearly.
+
+The group of _human chattels_ excited great interest among the
+lookers-on, for they were a choice lot of prime negroes, and rumor
+said that he would get a rare bargain who bought that day.
+
+It was a saddening sight, that dusky group, whose only crime was being
+
+          "---- guilty of a skin
+    Not colored like our own,"
+
+as they waited with anxious looks and quivering hearts to hear their
+doom, filling up the dreary moments with thoughts of the chances and
+changes which overhung their future.
+
+A bright-eyed boy, of twelve years old,
+
+    "A brave, free-hearted, careless one,"
+
+with a proud spirit playing in every line of his handsome face, and in
+every movement of his graceful form, was first called to the
+auction-block. His good qualities were rapidly enumerated, his limbs
+rudely examined, his soundness vouched for, and he became the chattel
+personal of a Georgian, who boasted of his good bargain; and on being
+warned that he would have trouble with the boy, declared with an oath,
+that he would "soon take the devil out of him."
+
+Matty, a sister of this lad, was next placed upon the stand. Her
+beauty, which the excitement of that dreadful moment only served to
+heighten, hushed for awhile the coarse jests of the crowd. She was a
+splendid-looking creature, just entering upon womanhood. But her
+beauty proved, as beauty must ever prove to a slave woman, a deadly
+curse. It enhanced her market value, and sealed her deadly fate. It
+attracted the eye, and inflamed the passions of a wealthy Louisianian,
+named St. Laurent, who gave a thousand dollars in hard gold in
+exchange for her, that he might make her his petted favorite. Wives,
+mothers, daughters of America, have _you_ nothing to do with slavery,
+when such is the fate of slave women? _Can_ you sit silent, and at
+your ease, knowing that such things are?
+
+When Matty was removed from the auction-block, she fell upon her
+brother's neck, and wept such tears as only they can weep whom slavery
+parts, never to meet again.
+
+"Christine!" cried the loud voice of the auctioneer. Matty checked her
+passionate grief, and turning saw her mother, with her baby in her
+arms, standing where she herself had stood but just before. Quickly
+her keen eye sought the form of her new master. With a sudden impulse
+she threw herself at his feet, exclaiming, "O master, master, _do_ buy
+my mother too!" The man gazed for a moment on the beautiful face
+upturned to his, with a look which made the lashes droop over her
+pleading eyes, and tapping her cheek with his finger, he said,
+
+"What! coaxing so early, my pretty one? No, no; it will not do; I have
+no use for the old woman."
+
+"Oh, master, she is not old. _Do_ buy my mother, master!"
+
+"Here is a prize for you, gentlemen," broke in the harsh tones of the
+auctioneer. "There is the best housekeeper and cook in all Virginia.
+Who bids for her? $300 did you say, sir? $325--thanks, gentlemen, but
+I cannot sell this woman for a song. She is an excellent seamstress.
+$400--$450--$500--I am glad to see you are warming up a little,
+gentlemen,--but she is worth more money than that. Look at her! What a
+form! what an eye! what arms!--there is muscle for you, gentlemen.
+Upon my honor she is the flower of the lot,--a dark-colored
+rose,--black, but comely; and her baby goes with her. $550, did I
+hear you say, sir? Will no one give more than $550 for such a woman
+and baby?"
+
+"The baby is of no account," said Mr. St. Laurent; "she would sell
+better without it. If I buy her, I shall give away the little
+encumbrance."
+
+The poor slave-mother heard him, and strained her baby to her bosom,
+as if she would say, "You shall _never_ take him from me." The boy
+looked into her face, and smiled a sweet baby smile, and put his
+little arms about her neck, and laid his cheek on hers. One would have
+thought he understood what was passing in her heart, and strove to
+comfort her. "$575--$600--$650,"--and Christine and her baby boy
+became the property of Mr. St. Laurent.
+
+"I would not have bought the woman," said he, turning to an
+acquaintance, "but for the girl's importunity. I feared she would have
+the sulks if I didn't, and I want to keep her good-natured. I shall
+give the mother as a wedding-present to my daughter. But anybody may
+have the child, who will take him off my hands?"
+
+"I will take him, sir, and thank you too," said a little, sharp
+looking, bustling man, stepping briskly up, and bowing to Mr. St.
+Laurent.
+
+"Will you, my friend? Then he is yours, and you may take him away as
+soon as you please."
+
+"If I take him now, the woman will raise a storm," said the little
+man; "I know a better way than that," and drawing Mr. St. Laurent
+aside, he communicated his plan, and they parted mutually satisfied.
+
+Meanwhile the sale went on, but we will not follow further its
+revolting details. Christine, with her baby and Matty, were put in
+safe quarters for the night. Notwithstanding the intense anxiety that
+filled their minds, and a superstitious fear in Christine's heart that
+the worst had not yet come, an unaccountable drowsiness oppressed
+them, and before long both fell into a deep death-like sleep.
+
+Morning broke over the green earth. The sun gilded the mountain-tops,
+and bathing the trees in splendor, was greeted with ten thousand
+bird-songs. He kissed the dewy flowers, and their fragrance rose as
+incense on the morning air. He looked into the windows of happy homes,
+and wakened golden-haired children to renew their joyous sports, and
+mothers, whose
+
+      "---- souls were hushed with their weight of bliss
+    Like flowers surcharged with dew,"
+
+sent up their morning thanksgiving to "Him who never slumbers," for
+His protection of their "laughing dimpled treasures." Suddenly a warm
+ray fell upon the face of the sleeping slave-mother. She wakened with
+a start, and with one wild shriek of agony sprang from the bed. Her
+babe was gone.
+
+Why need we dwell upon what followed? What pen can describe the
+anguish of the heart-broken mother, when she knew that while under the
+influence of opiates which she had unwittingly taken, her boy had been
+taken from her, and that she should look upon her darling's face no
+more. Mother! look at the darling nestler upon your own bosom, and ask
+yourself how you would have felt in Christine's place.
+
+After the first burst of agony was over, she did not give way
+outwardly to grief. One might have thought she did not grieve. But she
+carried all her sorrows in her heart, till they had eaten out her
+life.
+
+On the morning of Eleanore St. Laurent's bridal day, Christine was
+sent for to perform some service for her young mistress. But the spoil
+had been taken out of the hands of the spoiler--the bruised heart was
+at rest. The outraged soul had gone with its complaints to the bar of
+the Eternal.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Anne P. Adams.]
+
+
+
+
+The Intellectual, Moral, and Spiritual Condition of the Slave.
+
+
+The American slave is a human being. He possesses all the attributes
+of mind and heart that belong to the rest of mankind. He has intellect
+with which to think, sensibility with which to feel, and toil which
+prompts him to vigorous and manly action. Nor is he destitute of the
+sublime faculty of reason, which is related to eternal and absolute
+truths. Imagination and fancy, too, he possesses, in a very large
+degree. But all these faculties, which nature has bestowed upon the
+slave in common with other men, by a decree of slavery fixed and
+unalterable like the laws of the Medes and Persians, are undeveloped,
+and the results, therefore, of their activities are not to be found.
+How mean then it must be to reproach the unfortunate slave with a lack
+of intellectual qualities, such as characterize men generally. In
+proof of the statement, that slaves have these qualities, it is only
+necessary to refer to the many fugitives who, by their great thoughts,
+their masterly logic, and their captivating eloquence, are astonishing
+both the Old and the New World. Education is what the white man needs
+for the development of his intellectual energies. And it is what the
+black man needs for the development of his. Educate him, and his mind
+proves itself at once as profound and masterly in its conceptions, and
+as brisk and irresistible in its decisions, as the mind of any other
+man.
+
+But, in addition to his intellectual, the slave possesses a moral
+nature, capable of the highest development and the most refined
+culture. A conscience tender and acute, the voice of God in his soul
+bidding him to choose the right and avoid the wrong, is his lawful
+inheritance bestowed upon him by his Heavenly Father. This no one can
+deny who knows aught of the love of moral truth manifested by the
+slaves of this country. God has not left the slaves without moral
+sense. Nor has he denied him the spiritual faculty which, when
+cultivated, enables him to recognize God in his spiritual
+manifestations, to discern and appreciate spiritual truths, and to
+feel and relish the gentle distillations of the spirit of divine love
+as they fall upon his heart like dew upon the grateful earth. The
+moral and spiritual nature of the slave, however, like his
+intellectual, goes uneducated and untrained. Deep, dark, and
+impenetrable is the gloom which enshrouds the mind and soul of the
+slave. No ray of light cheers him in his midnight darkness. No one is
+allowed to fetch him the blessings of education, and no preacher of
+righteousness is suffered to illumine his dark mind by the
+presentation of sacred truth.
+
+It is indeed true that slavery is a political, a civil, and a
+commercial evil. It is true that it is most excruciating and frightful
+in its effects upon the physical nature of its victim. But slavery is
+seen in its more awful wickedness and terrible heinousness, when we
+contemplate the vast waste of intellect, the vast waste of moral and
+spiritual energy, which has been caused by its poisonous touch.
+
+And yet the power of the State, and the influence of the Church, are
+given to its support. Many of our leading statesmen are engaged in
+devising and furthering plans for the extension of its territorial
+area, thereby hoping to perpetuate and eternize its bloody existence,
+while the majority of our most distinguished divines find employment
+in constructing discourses, founded upon perverse expositions of
+sacred writ, calculated to establish and fix in the minds of the
+people the impression that slavery is a divine institution.
+
+Although this mighty power of the State, and influence of the Church,
+be opposed to the slave, let him not despair, but be full of hope. For
+God is upon his side, truth is upon his side, and a multitude of good
+and able men and women are engaged in working out his redemption.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) J. Mercer Langston]
+
+OBERLIN, August 27, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+The Bible vs. Slavery.
+
+
+"Nothing," says Dr. Spring, "is more plain to my mind than that the
+word of God recognizes the relation between master and slave as one of
+the established institutions of the age; and, that while it addresses
+slaves as Christian men, and Christian men as slaveholders, it so
+modifies the whole system of slavery as to give a death-blow to all
+its abuses, and breathes such a spirit, that in the same proportion in
+which its principles are imbibed, the yoke of bondage will melt away,
+all its abuses cease, and every form of human oppression will be
+unknown. The Bible is no agitator. It changes human governments only
+as it changes the human character. It aims at transforming the
+dispositions and hearts of men, and diffusing through all human
+institutions the supreme love of God, and the impartial love of man."
+
+Now, this either means that the Bible requires that all institutions
+be adjusted and harmonized with the moral law--the law of love--or it
+means nothing. For, we maintain, that slavery is _per se_ wrong, where
+the enslaver has no direct warrant from heaven, or the enslaved has
+not forfeited liberty by crime on principles of recognized and
+universal equity; and the whole Bible forbidding wrong must be held as
+forbidding slavery, or any arbitrary and inhuman tamperings with the
+inalienable rights of a fellow-creature.
+
+If slavery is not a wrong in itself, irrespective of what are called
+its abuses, then all that is essential in it may be retained from age
+to age; and all the amelioration which the Christian law superinduces
+may be such as to consist with the violation of the natural
+prerogatives of humanity, and with the denial to man of the essential
+and dearest privileges of social and domestic life, with the denial of
+the rights of conscience too. For slavery, as distinguished from
+service by contract, is this thing and no other:--it is labor
+undefined, unrewarded, on the condition of being used as vendible
+property, and every independent right of the slave, as an
+intellectual and moral being, is ignored. By practical indulgence
+such rights may be sometimes conceded. But the slave-law ceases as
+such when these are recognized.
+
+Now, we hold it a libel on the Bible to affirm that it sanctions such
+slavery. We must warn you of the fallacy that lies in this distinction
+of the thing itself, and its abuse. What is called the abuse here is
+the essence and the characteristic of the subject. Service as well as
+slavery may be abused. Everything may be abused. But, the claim of the
+slaveholder is itself the abuse of the God-ordained relation of master
+and servant. Can men be regarded as a chattel?--that is the
+question--and so regarded without his consent, and his family treated
+as such permanently, without his consent, or even with it?
+
+It comes of this bad interpretation of the Christian law, that in the
+nineteenth century slavery still remains,--is cherished. It is not
+that the principles of Christianity do not tend to extinguish it. But
+men, forcing their false interpretation on the Scriptures, plead their
+authority for a system or institution, to which their whole spirit is
+opposed,--and which confesses its unscriptural character by keeping
+out Christian light, and forbidding the Scriptures with the slave.
+
+To talk of the spirit of Christianity, in distinction from its express
+or implied law against slavery, is as if one would trust for the
+extinction of sin against the sixth or seventh commands of the
+decalogue, by general inculcation of meekness or purity, without
+denouncing murder and defining it, or defining between allowed and
+disallowed affinity in the marriage law. We may if we do not proscribe
+theft, and bring the positive law of God to bear against it, and bring
+a law into harmony with the divine, be understood, while we talk only
+of the abuses of property, as warning rather against spending stolen
+goods in a bad way, than against theft itself? But the design of the
+moral law is to define rights, as well as to govern the use of them;
+and it requires that not only the tempers of men, but the institutions
+of society, be adjusted by the law of equity and charity. It forbids
+not only the abuse of just power, but all false usurpations of power,
+and classes man-stealers and extortioners as murderers.
+
+Who, if he but examines the laws of social and relative duty, as laid
+down in the New Testament Epistles, may not discern that the relation
+of master and servant is recognized side by side with the permanent
+relations of parent and child, husband and wife, which rest on the law
+of nature; just because it is not the temporary, unnatural, and
+violent relation of slaveholder and slave which is recognized, but
+that of master and servant by contract. The other, its very apologists
+allow, will pass away; but these duties are enhanced in a law of
+permanent application, and rest on natural principles, common to all
+times and all nations.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Michael Willis]
+
+
+
+
+"The Work Goes Bravely on."
+
+
+Like all Reforms which have for their object the amelioration of man's
+condition; the advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom; the cause of
+human freedom has encountered many oppositions calculated to impede
+its progress. It has temporarily suffered from cruel defection within,
+and the most virulent persecution without the camp.
+
+John, the forerunner of Jesus, had for his portion "locusts and wild
+honey." But those who have stood forth in the sunlight, the advocates
+of the crushed and bleeding bondman; whose motto is, "Our country is
+the world, and our countrymen all mankind," have had no _honey_ for
+_their_ portion. Oh no! they have ever dwelt among the tempest and the
+storm, with thunder, lightning, and whirlwind, to feed upon.
+
+Some have been called, for the advocacy of the truth, to wing their
+flight from the prison-house to Heaven; and others, to bare their
+bosoms to the red-hot indignation of relentless mobs, arrayed in
+murderous panoply. They have gone; but, thank God, "THE WORK GOES
+BRAVELY ON!"
+
+The great men of the nation, the mighty men, the chief priests and
+rulers, have risen in their strength, and resolved to crush, as with
+an avalanche, the irrepressible aspirations of the bondman's heart for
+FREEDOM; they have attempted to padlock the out-gushing sympathies of
+humanity; to trample in the dust the sacred guarantees of the
+palladium of their own liberties, but their "terribleness hath
+deceived them, and the pride of their heart," for the desolating angel
+hath sealed _their_ lips in the silence of the tomb, and we, the
+recipients of their crushing cruelties, thank God "THE WORK GOES
+BRAVELY ON."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. James Watkins]
+
+
+
+
+Slaveholding not a Misfortune but a Crime.
+
+
+                                   LONDON, September 2, 1853.
+
+"For your movement on behalf of the slave, I have profound respect. I
+assure you of my unfeigned sympathies and of my earnest prayers. In my
+view, you deserve the high esteem of all who love and serve God.
+Nothing would be deemed by me a greater honor than co-operation with
+you actively in your work of faith and your labor of love. With full
+consent of all that is within me, do I range myself among those who
+deem American slavery not a sad misfortune, but a heinous crime: a
+crime all the more heinous, because justified and even perpetrated by
+men who call themselves the servants of Christ.
+
+          "I am, madam, yours respectfully,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William Brock]
+
+
+
+
+The Frugality of Slaveholding.
+
+
+There is nothing in the universe that can deserve the name or do the
+work of valid LAW but the commandment and the ordinance of the living
+God. All human enactments, adjudications and usages not founded on
+these, are of no legal force, and should be trampled under foot. The
+practice of slaveholding, for this reason, can never be legalized, and
+all legislative or judicial attempts to sustain it are rebellion
+against God, and treason against civil society. To teach otherwise,
+would be to set up other gods above Jehovah, to promulgate the
+fundamental principle of atheism, and proclaim war against the
+liberties of mankind.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Goodell]
+
+
+
+
+"Ore Perennius."
+
+
+I ask no prouder inscription for my humble tomb, than "Here lies the
+Friend of the Oppressed."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) David Paul Brown Sept. 28, 1859]
+
+
+
+
+The Mission of America.
+
+
+                              BRUNSWICK, Maine, September 30, 1853.
+
+MISS JULIA GRIFFITH,
+
+My Dear Madam, your letter of September 23d I have received. I regret
+exceedingly that it is not in my power to furnish the article you have
+done me the honor to solicit, for the "Autographs for Freedom."
+Particularly do I regret this now, when the great conflict between
+aristocracy and democracy is about being renewed all over the
+continent of Europe, and when despots are pointing with exultation to
+the unparalleled enormities of our "peculiar institutions," and the
+friends of republican equality, in all lands, are disheartened by our
+example. Would the slaveholders of the south but consent to place
+those who till their lands, under the protection of wholesome and
+impartial law, and pay them honest wages, it would ere long cause
+human rights to be respected in every corner of the globe. It should
+be the mission of America, by the silent influence of a glorious
+example, to revolutionize all despotisms. We have a vast continent to
+subdue and to adorn, and we need the aid of millions more of willing
+hands to accomplish the magnificent enterprise. With much esteem I am
+truly yours,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) John S. C. Abbott.]
+
+
+[Illustration: Lewis Tappan, esq. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+Disfellowshipping Slaveholders.
+
+
+The late Dr. Chalmers, not long before his death, spoke with
+disapprobation of Abolitionists in the United States, "for
+undertaking," as he said, "to decide, without sufficient evidence,
+upon the irreligious character of ministers and church-members.
+_They_, forsooth, undertake to exclude men from the Lord's table, who
+are in good and regular standing in the church of Christ, because they
+happen to hold slaves! _They_ pretend to decide who, and who are not
+Christians!" It is marvellous that so learned and so distinguished a
+man should have fallen into such a mistake; and, on hearsay, ventured
+to utter a most calumnious accusation against the friends of the
+slave.
+
+The Abolitionists might, perhaps, make decisions in the case not wide
+of the mark, founded upon the rule given by Jesus Christ: "By their
+fruits ye shall know them." But, in declaring that slaveholders ought
+not to be fellowshipped as Christians, they do not say whether a
+slaveholder is or is not a Christian. On the contrary, they leave each
+one with his Maker, the INFALLIBLE JUDGE. But this they do:--they hold
+that no slaveholder, professing to be a Christian, is entitled to
+Christian FELLOWSHIP, _because_ slaveholding is a sin, and should
+subject the offender to discipline. Neither Dr. Chalmers nor any other
+divine could deny the propriety of this, provided they believed that
+slaveholding is a sin, or an ecclesiastical offence. The apostle Paul
+directed that Christians should not _eat_ with an _extortioner_. A
+slaveholder is an extortioner. If, then, a Christian may not eat a
+common meal with such an offender, may he sit at the Lord's table with
+him? I trow not.
+
+                                   LEWIS TAPPAN.
+
+
+
+
+A Leaf from my Scrap Book.
+
+
+                                   MAY, 1849.
+
+SAMUEL R. WARD AND FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
+
+Perhaps a fitter occasion never presented itself, nor was more
+properly availed of, for the exhibition of talent, than when Frederick
+Douglass and Samuel R. Ward debated the "question" whether the
+Constitution was or not a pro-slavery document.
+
+With the "question" at issue we have, at present, nothing to do; and
+with the arguments so far only as they exhibit the men.
+
+Both eminent for talent of an order (though differing somewhat in
+cast) far above the common level of great men.
+
+If any inequalities existed, they served rather to heighten than
+diminish the interest of the occasion, giving rise to one of the
+severest contests of mind with mind that has yet come to my notice.
+
+Douglass, sincere in the opinions he has espoused, defends them with a
+fervor and eloquence that finds scarcely a competitor.
+
+In his very look--his gesture--in his whole manner, there is so much
+of genuine, earnest eloquence, that they leave no time for reflection.
+Now you are reminded of one rushing down some fearful steep, bidding
+you follow; now on some delightful stream, still beckoning you onward.
+
+In either case, no matter what your prepossessions or oppositions, you
+for the moment, at least, forget the justness or unjustness of his
+cause and obey the summons, and loath, if at all, you return to your
+former post.
+
+Not always, however, is he successful in retaining you. Giddy as you
+may be with the descent you have made, delighted as you are with the
+pleasure afforded, with the elysium to which he has wafted you, you
+return too often dissatisfied with his and your own impetuosity and
+want of firmness. You feel that you had had only a dream, a pastime,
+not a reality.
+
+This great power of momentary captivation consists in his eloquence of
+manner--his just appreciation of words.
+
+In listening to him, your whole soul is fired--every nerve
+strung--every passion inflated--every faculty you possess ready to
+perform at a moment's bidding. You stop not to ask why or wherefore.
+
+'Tis a unison of mighty yet harmonious sounds that play upon your
+imagination; and you give yourself up, for a time, to their
+irresistible charm.
+
+At last, the _cataract_ which roared around you is hushed, the
+_tornado_ is passed, and you find yourself sitting upon a bank (at
+whose base roll but tranquil waters), quietly meditating that why,
+amid such a display of power, no greater effect had really been
+produced.
+
+After all, it must be admitted, there is a power in Mr. Douglass
+rarely to be found in any other man.
+
+With copiousness of language, and finish of diction, when even ideas
+fail, words come to his aid--arranging themselves, as it were, so
+completely, that they not only captivate, but often deceive us for
+ideas; and hence the vacuum that would necessarily occur in the
+address of an ordinary _speaker_ is filled up, presenting the same
+beautiful harmony as do the lights and shades of a picture.
+
+From Mr. Douglass, in this, perhaps, as much as in any other respect,
+does Mr. _Ward_ differ. Ideas form the basis of all Mr. Ward utters.
+Words are only used to express those ideas.
+
+If words and ideas are not inseparable, then, as mortar is to the
+stones that compose the building, so are his words to his ideas.
+
+In this, I judge, lays Mr. Ward's greatest strength. Concise without
+abruptness--without extraordinary stress, always clear and forcible;
+if sparing of ornament, never inelegant. In all, there appears a
+consciousness of strength, developed by close study and deep
+reflection, and only put forth because the occasion demanded,--a power
+not only to examine but to enable you to see the fairness of that
+examination and the justness of its conclusions.
+
+You feel Douglass to be right, without always seeing it; perhaps it is
+not too much to say, when Ward is right you see it.
+
+His appeals are directed rather to the understanding than the
+imagination; but so forcibly do they take possession of it, that the
+heart unhesitatingly yields.
+
+If, as we have said, Mr. Douglass seems as one whirling down some
+steep descent whose very impetuosity impels;--ere you are aware of it,
+it is the quiet serenity of Mr. Ward, as he points up the rugged
+ascent, and invites you to follow, that inspires your confidence and
+ensures your safety. Step by step do you with him climb the rugged
+steep; and, as you gain each succeeding eminence, he points you to new
+scenes and new delights;--now grand--sublime; now picturesque and
+beautiful;--always real. Most speakers fail to draw a perfect figure.
+This point I think Mr. Ward has gained. His figures, when done, stand
+out with prominence, possessing both strength and elegance.
+
+Douglass' imagery is fine--vivid--often gaudily painted. Ward's
+pictures--bold, strong, glowing.
+
+Douglass speaks right on; you acknowledge him to have been on the
+ground--nay, to have gone over the field; _Ward_ seeks for and finds
+the corners; sticks the stakes, and leaves them standing; we know
+where to find them.
+
+Mr. Douglass deals in generals; Mr. Ward reduces everything to a
+point.
+
+Douglass is the _lecturer_; Ward the _debater_. Douglass powerful in
+invective; Ward in argument. What advantage Douglass gains in mimicry
+Ward recovers in wit.
+
+Douglass has sarcasm, Ward point.
+
+Here, again, an essential difference may be pointed out:--
+
+Douglass says much, at times, you regret he uttered. This, however, is
+the real man, and on reflection you like him the better for it. What
+Ward says you feel to be but a necessity, growing out of the
+case,--that it ought to have been said--that you would have said
+precisely the same yourself, without adding or diminishing a single
+sentence.
+
+Douglass, in manner, is at all times pleasing; Ward seldom less so;
+often raises to the truly majestic, and never descends below
+propriety. If you regret when Douglass ceases to speak, you are
+anxious Ward should continue.
+
+Dignity is an essential quality in an orator--I mean true dignity.
+
+Douglass has this in an eminent degree; Ward no less so, coupled with
+it great self-possession. He is never disconcerted--all he desires he
+says.
+
+In one of his replies to Mr. Douglass I was struck with admiration,
+and even delight, at the calm, dignified manner in which he expressed
+himself, and his ultimate triumph under what seemed to me very
+peculiar circumstances.
+
+Douglass' was a splendid effort--a beautiful effusion. One of those
+outpourings from the deeps of his heart of which he can so admirably
+give existence to.
+
+He had brought down thunders of well-merited applause; and sure I am,
+that a whisper, a breath from almost any other opponent than Mr. Ward,
+would have produced a tumult of hisses.
+
+Not so, however, now. The quiet, majestic air, the suppressed richness
+of a deep-toned, but well-cultivated voice, as the speaker paid a few
+well-timed compliments to his opponents, disturbed not, as it had
+produced, the dead stillness around.
+
+Next followed some fine sallies of wit, which broke in on the calm.
+
+He then proceeded to make and accomplished one of the most finished
+speeches to which I have ever listened, and sat down amidst a perfect
+storm of cheers.
+
+It was a noble burst of eloquence,--the gatherings up of the choicest
+possible culled thoughts, and poured forth, mingling with a unison of
+brilliant flashes and masterly strokes, following each other in quick
+succession; and though felt--deeply felt, no more to be described than
+the vivid lightning's zig-zag, as produced from the deep-charged
+thunder-cloud.
+
+If Douglass is not always successful in his attempts to heave up his
+ponderous missiles at his opponents, from the point of his descent, he
+always shows determination and spirit.
+
+He is often too far down the _pass_, however, (herculean though he
+be,) for his intent.
+
+Ward, from the eminence he has gained, giant-like, hurls them back
+with the force and skill of a practised marksman, almost invariably to
+the detriment of his already fallen victim.
+
+In Douglass you have a man, in whose soul the iron of oppression has
+far entered, and you feel it.
+
+He tells the story of his wrongs, so that they stand out in all their
+naked ugliness.
+
+In Ward, you have one with strong native powers,--I know of none
+stronger; superadded a careful and extensive cultivation; an
+understanding so matured, that fully enables him to successfully
+grapple with men or errors, and portray truth in a manner equalled by
+few.
+
+After all, it must be admitted, both are men of extraordinary powers
+of mind.
+
+Both well qualified for the task they have undertaken.
+
+I have, rather than anything else, drawn these outline portraits for
+our _young men_, who can fill them up at leisure.
+
+The subjects are both fine models, and may be studied with profit by
+all,--especially those who are destined to stand in the front rank.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William J. Wilson]
+
+     NOTE.--It has been some years since the above sketch was
+     drawn; and though my impressions, especially of Mr.
+     Douglass, has undergone some slight change since,--seeing in
+     him enlarged, strengthened, and more matured thought, still
+     I think, on the whole, the careful observer will attest
+     substantially to its correctness.
+
+
+
+
+"Who is my Neighbor?"
+
+
+It gives me great pleasure to express my interest in your objects, by
+the following sentiment: Sympathy for the slave,--the clearest
+exhibition in modern times of the spirit which, in the parable of the
+Samaritan, first illumined the wrong of oppression, and the divineness
+of brotherly love.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Th. Starr King]
+
+
+
+
+Consolation for the Slave.
+
+
+    Slave though thou art to unfeeling power,
+    Till wrong shall reach her final hour,
+    Mourn not as one on whom the day
+    Will never shed a healing ray.
+    The star of hope, that leads the dawn,
+    Appears, and night will soon be gone.
+
+    Long has thy night of sorrow been,
+    Without a star to cheer the scene.
+    Nay; there was One that watched and wept,
+    When thou didst think all mercy slept;
+    That eye, which beams with love divine,
+    Where all celestial glories shine.
+
+    Justice will soon the sceptre take;
+    The scourge shall fall, the tyrant quake.
+    Hark! 'tis the voice of One from heaven;
+    The word, the high command is given,
+    "Break every yoke, loose every chain,
+    To usher in the Saviour's reign."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Samuel Willard]
+
+
+
+
+The Key.
+
+
+The Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin: a key to unlock any mind that is not
+rendered inaccessible by the rust of conservatism or party-spirit, and
+to open the fountain of every generous affection, which is not closed
+with impenetrable ice. With this key may every one become familiar,
+who would know, and both in word and deed "bear witness to the truth!"
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Samuel Willard]
+
+
+
+
+The True Mission of Liberty.
+
+
+If Liberty were to go on a pilgrimage all over the earth, she would
+find a home in every house, and a welcome in every heart. None would
+reject the favors she offers if brought to their own doors. Sure and
+prompt as the impulses of instinct, every bosom would open to admit
+her and her blessings, but--when her gospel is proclaimed as a common
+bounty to all the world,--when she is seen visiting and feasting with
+publicans and sinners, and sitting with her unwashed disciples in
+familiar and loving companionship, C�sar and the synagogue are alike
+alarmed and enraged. When she is found daily in the marketplace and on
+the mountain-top, in the hamlet and on the highway, ministering to the
+multitude, healing and feeding them,--showing the same love and
+reverence for humanity in every variety of conditions, and however
+disguised or degraded,--the cruelty of caste and the bitterness of
+bigotry straightway take counsel among themselves how they may destroy
+her.
+
+Heaven help us! Divided as we are, into the hating and the hated, the
+oppressors and the oppressed, we have settled it, somehow, that we are
+of necessity at war with each other--that the welfare of one in some
+way depends upon the wretchedness of another. How much madness and
+misery would be spared if we could in any way learn that we are
+brethren.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William Elder]
+
+
+
+
+The true Spirit of Reform.
+
+
+The religion of Jesus, acting as a vital principle in the individual
+heart, and thus leaving the entire mass of humanity, to this alone are
+we to look as of sufficient power to do away the evils that are now
+rife in the world. Just so far as the true spirit of Jesus is infused
+into the soul, and acts in the life of man, we know that sin, in its
+various forms of sensuality, oppression, and bloodshed, must
+disappear. All reforms, which are not based on this corner-stone, are
+superficial; and, however goodly their proportions may appear to the
+eye of man, they want that firm foundation which will secure them
+against being undermined or overthrown by the force of adverse
+circumstances. "Other foundation can no man lay, than that is laid,"
+for the building up of all that is really excellent and heavenly.
+
+But, while we acknowledge the omnipotence of true religion for the
+ratification of all social wrongs, we are not to rest in the
+inculcation of its abstract principles and outward forms alone. It is
+not enough that we ourselves become, or persuade our fellow-men to
+become professed disciples of Jesus; not enough that, in a general
+way, we urge the precepts of the gospel. The obtuseness of the human
+heart, when hardened by habit and early education, requires that we
+make particular application of the precepts of Christ, and address our
+efforts to the removal of specific sins: the sins of our own age and
+country. It may be that our brother, sincerely intending to act in the
+spirit of Jesus, is yet blinded by the force of habit, and fails to
+see the sin in which he is living. If our position make us to see more
+clearly than he the course he should pursue, let us endeavor gently to
+remove the veil from his eyes, remembering how often our own vision is
+dimmed by prejudice and outward circumstances. In the moral, as well
+as in the natural world, we believe that God demands our active
+co�peration; and, as the farmer not only sows the seed, but roots out
+the weeds from among the grain, so are we to endeavor to eradicate
+from the broad field of the moral world those evil practices which
+obstruct the growth of the harvest of pure and undefiled religion.
+
+"The husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath
+long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain." So
+are we obliged often to have "long patience," until we see the
+manifest blessing of God on our labors. But patient waiting becomes a
+virtue, only when combined with the exercise of our best powers in
+promoting the object of our desire. We must adapt our efforts to the
+express object which we seek to attain. Taking those spiritual weapons
+which are "mighty for the pulling down of the strongholds" of sin, let
+us assault the great evils of slavery and oppression of every name and
+kind, always marching under the banners of the Prince of Peace, whose
+conquests are achieved not by violence, but by the subduing power of
+Godlike love. Let us go forth, brethren, sisters, a feeble band though
+we may seem to the eye of man, yet strong in the assurance that the
+hosts of heaven are encamped round about us, and that "more are they
+that are with us, than they that are" on the side of the oppressor;
+and let us not falter until in God's own good time the word shall be
+spoken, not as, we would hope, in the whirlwind or the earthquake,
+but in the "still small voice" of the oppressor's own conviction,
+saying to the slaves, "Go free!"
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Mary Willard]
+
+
+
+
+A Welcome to Mrs. H. B. Stowe, on her Return from Europe.
+
+
+    She comes, she comes, o'er the bounding wave,
+      Borne swift as an eagle's flight;
+    She comes, the tried friend of the slave,--
+      Truth's champion for the right.
+
+    Not as the blood-stained warrior comes,
+      With shrill-sounding fife and drums;
+    But peaceful by our quiet homes,
+      The conquering heroine comes.
+
+    Then welcome to our Pilgrim shore,
+      Tho' sad affliction[6] meet thee;
+    Three million welcomes from God's poor,
+      The south winds bear, to greet thee.
+
+    To thee, with chain-linked hearts we come,
+      Which naught but death can sever,
+    To thank thee for thy "Uncle Tom,"
+      Thy gentle-hearted "Eva."
+
+    When the crushed slave himself shall own,
+      Three million fetters broken,
+    Shall mount before thee, to the Throne;
+      Of thy true life, the token.
+
+    Then welcome to our northern hills;
+      Thy own New England dwelling;
+    The birds, the trees, the sparkling rills,
+      All, are thy welcome swelling.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Joseph C. Holly.]
+
+ROCHESTER, N. Y., October 19th, 1853.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[6] The sickness of her daughter.
+
+
+
+
+Forward.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN OF HOFFMAN, IN FOLLERSLEBEN.
+
+
+    It is a time of swell and flood,
+      We linger on the strand,
+    And all that might to us bring good
+      Lies in the distant land.
+
+    O forward! forward! why stand still?
+      The flood will ne'er run dry;
+    Who through the wave not venture will,
+      That land shall never spy.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) T. W. Higginson.]
+
+
+
+
+What has Canada to do with Slavery?
+
+
+The question is often asked, both in Canada and in the United States:
+What have we in Canada to do with the Institution of Slavery, as it
+exists in the neighboring Republic? I do not think that a better
+answer is necessary, than that which is contained in the following
+extracts--the former of which is taken from a speech delivered by
+George Thompson, Esq., at the formation of the Anti-Slavery Society of
+Canada--the latter from the valuable work of the Rev. Albert Barnes on
+Slavery:
+
+"Are we separated geographically and politically from the country
+where slavery reigns? We are, for that very reason, the persons best
+able to form an unbiassed and sound judgment on the question at issue.
+We have as much to do with this question as with any question that
+concerns the happiness of man, the glory of God, or the hopes and
+destinies of the human race. We have to do with this question, for it
+lies at the foundation of our own rights as a portion of the human
+family. The cause of liberty is one all over the world. What have you
+to do with this question? The slave is your brother, and you cannot
+dissolve that Union. While he remains God's child he will remain your
+brother. He is helpless, and you are free and powerful; and if you
+neglect him, you are not doing as you would have others do to you,
+were you in bonds. Know you not that it is God's method to save man by
+man, and that man is only great, and honorable, and blest himself, as
+he is the friend and defender of those who need his aid. You are
+dwellers on the same continent with three millions of slaves. Their
+sighs come to you with every breeze from the South. Oh, haste to help
+them, that this glorious continent may be freed from its pollution and
+its curse."
+
+Extract from Barnes on slavery:
+
+"Slavery pertains to a great wrong done to our common nature, and
+affects great questions, relating to the final triumph of the
+principles of justice and humanity. The race is one great brotherhood,
+and every man is under obligation, as far as he has the ability, to
+defend those principles which will permanently promote the welfare of
+the human family. * * * * The questions of right and wrong know no
+geographical limits; are bounded by no conventional lines; are
+circumscribed by the windings of no river or stream, and are not
+designated by climate or by the course of the sun. There are no
+enclosures within which the question of right and wrong may not be
+carried with the utmost freedom."
+
+Other answers might be given, but these are quite sufficient.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Thomas Henning]
+
+
+
+
+The Fugitive Slave Bill: a Fragment.
+
+
+But ours is the saddest part of this sad business. It would be hard
+enough to live surrounded by bondmen, even though we had never known
+any other way of life. Still, for one who had grown up with young
+slaves for playmates and for nurses, there might be much in the
+relation to quiet the conscience and soothe the sensibilities. Strong
+attachments, we all know, are often realized, even in a condition of
+things so anomalous. Perhaps, too, a large number of those about us
+would be as feeble in capacity as humble in their circumstances. One
+so born might tolerate such a position. But how different,--how, in
+comparison, and in every way intolerable, to be set as watchmen and
+interceptors of these, the brighter and the better, who, beyond all
+controversy, have outgrown the estate of bondage, and who are so
+loudly called of God to be freemen, that they will brave any peril in
+obedience to the call! How can we do this and still be men and
+Christians? Would our brethren at the south do it for us? If we have,
+in our haste, so covenanted, must we not rather pay the penalty than
+fulfil the bond? I recognize obedience to civil government as the
+solemn duty of all save _those who without cause are made outlaws by
+the State_. Government protects our hearths and shelters those who are
+dearest to us. But we can honor the law by submitting to its penalties
+as well as by complying with its demands, and the penalty would be my
+election when a man who had seized his manhood at the peril of his
+life should claim of me shelter and the means of escape. Before I
+refuse that, "may my right hand forget its cunning and my tongue
+cleave to the roof of my mouth."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Rufus Ellis.]
+
+
+
+
+The Encroachment of the Slave-Power.
+
+EXTRACT.
+
+
+Such is the unholy and gigantic power that, leaving its territorial
+domain, has usurped the seat of freedom--that has established at our
+capitol a central despotism, and bends to its will with iron hand the
+Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of our Federal
+Government.
+
+I have marvelled, sir, as you have, that the Spirit of Freedom in our
+fair land has so long slumbered beneath such an outrage. But I imagine
+her awakening. As she is about to awaken in her strength, and with the
+voice of the people, like the sound of many waters, rebuking this
+insolent slave-power, as Milton tells us its father and inventor was
+of old rebuked, as he sought to pass the bounds of his prison-house,
+and to darken with his presence the realms of light--
+
+    "And reckon'st thou thyself with spirits of Heaven,
+    Hell-doom'd! and breath'st defiance here and scorn,
+    Where I reign King, and to enrage thee more
+    Thy King and Lord? Back to thy punishment
+    False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings,
+    Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue
+    Thy lingering, or with one stroke of this dart,
+    Strange horrors seize thee and pangs unfelt before."
+
+          Faithfully yours,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) John Jay, esq.]
+
+
+
+
+The Dishonor of Labor.
+
+
+The fundamental, essential cause of slavery and its concomitants,
+ignorance, degradation and suffering on the one side, as of idleness,
+prodigality and luxury-born disease on the other, is a false idea of
+the nature and offices of Labor.
+
+Labor is not truly a curse, as has too long been asserted. It only
+becomes such through human perverseness, misconception and sin. It was
+no curse to the first pair in Eden, and will not be to their
+descendants, whenever and wherever the spirit of Eden shall pervade
+them. It is only a curse because too many seek to engross the product
+of others' work, yet do little or none themselves. If the secret were
+but out, _that no man can really enjoy more than his own moderate
+daily labor would produce_, and _none can truly enjoy this without
+doing the work_, the death-knell of Slavery in general--in its
+subtler as well as its grosser forms--would be rung. Until that truth
+shall be thoroughly diffused, the cunning and strong will be able to
+prey upon the simple and feeble, whether the latter be called slaves
+or something else.
+
+[Illustration: Horace Greeley. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)]
+
+The great reform required is not a work of hours nor of days, but of
+many years. It must first pervade our literature, and thence our
+current ideas and conversation, before it can be infused into the
+common life. Meanwhile, it would be well to remember that--
+
+Every man who exchanges business for idleness, not because he has
+become too old or infirm to work, but because he has become rich
+enough to live without work;
+
+Every man who educates his son for a profession, rather than a
+mechanical or agricultural calling, not because of that son's supposed
+fitness for the former rather than the latter, but because he imagines
+Law, Physic or Preaching, a more respectable, genteel vocation, than
+building houses or growing grain;
+
+Every maiden who prefers in marriage a rich suitor of doubtful morals
+or scanty brains to a poor one, of sound principles, blameless life,
+good information and sound sense; Every mother who is pleased when
+her daughter receives marked attention from a rich lawyer or merchant,
+but frowns on the addresses of a young farmer or artisan of slender
+property, but of well-stored mind, good character and industrious,
+provident habits;
+
+Every young man who, in choosing the sharer of his fireside and the
+future mother of his children, is less solicitous as to what she is
+good for, than as to how much she is worth;
+
+Every youth who is trained to regard little work and much
+recompense--short business-hours and long dinners--as the chief ends
+of exertion and as assurances of a happy life;
+
+Every teacher who thinks more of the wages than of the opportunities
+for usefulness afforded by his or her vocation;
+
+Every rich Abolitionist, who is ashamed of being caught by
+distinguished visiters while digging in his garden or plowing in the
+field, and wishes them to understand that he so works, not for
+occupation, but for pastime; and
+
+Every Abolition lecturer who would send a hireling two miles after a
+horse, whereon to ride three miles to fulfil his next appointment
+respectably; Though meaning no such thing, and perhaps shocked when
+it is suggested, is a practical and powerful upholder of the continued
+enslavement of our fellow-men.
+
+               In the faith of the "good time coming,"
+                        I remain yours,
+
+                                     HORACE GREELEY.
+
+NEW YORK, Nov. 7, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+The Evils of Colonization
+
+
+I speak the words of soberness and truth when I say, that the most
+inveterate, the most formidable, the deadliest enemy of the peace,
+prosperity, and happiness of the colored population of the United
+States, is that system of African colonization which originated in and
+is perpetuated by a worldly, Pharoah-like policy beneath the dignity
+of a magnanimous and Christian people;--a system which receives much
+of its vitality from _ad captandum_ appeals to popular prejudices, and
+to the unholy, grovelling passions of the canaille;--a system that
+interposes every possible obstacle in the way of the improvement and
+elevation of the colored man in the land of his birth;--that
+instigates the enactment of laws whose design and tendency are
+obviously to annoy him, to make him feel, while at home, that he is a
+stranger and a pilgrim--nay more,--to make him "wretched, and
+miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked;"--to make him "a hissing
+and a by-word," "a fugitive and a vagabond" throughout the American
+Union;--a system that is so irreconcilably opposed to the purpose of
+God in making "of _one_ blood all nations for to dwell on _all_ the
+face of the earth," that when the dying slaveholder, under the lashes
+of a guilty conscience, would give to his slaves unqualified freedom,
+it wickedly interposes, and persuades him that "to do justly and love
+mercy" would be to inflict an irreparable injury upon the community,
+and that to do his duty to God and his fellow-creatures, under the
+circumstances, he should bequeath to his surviving slaves the cruel
+alternative of _either expatriation to a far-off, pestilential clime,
+with the prospect of a premature death, or perpetual slavery, with its
+untold horrors, in his native land_. Against this most iniquitous
+system of persecution and proscription of an inoffensive people, for
+no other reason than that we wear the physical exterior given us in
+infinite wisdom and benevolence, I would record, nay _engrave_ with
+the pen of a diamond, my most emphatic and solemn protest; more
+especially would I do so, as the system, under animadversion, is most
+inconsistently fostered, and shamelessly lauded, by ministers of the
+gospel in the nineteenth century, as a scheme of Christian
+philanthropy! "O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their
+assembly, mine honor, be not thou united."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Watkins]
+
+TORONTO, C. W., Oct. 31st.
+
+
+[Illustration: William H. Seward. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+The Basis of the American Constitution
+
+
+"Happy," (said Washington, when announcing the treaty of peace to the
+army,) "thrice happy shall they be pronounced hereafter, who shall
+have contributed anything, who shall have performed the meanest office
+in erecting this stupendous fabric of freedom and empire on the broad
+basis of independency, who shall have assisted in protecting the
+Rights of Human Nature, and establishing an asylum for the poor and
+oppressed of all nations and religions."
+
+You remember well that the Revolutionary Congress in the declaration
+of independence placed the momentous controversy between the Colonies
+and Great Britain on the absolute and inherent equality of all men. It
+is not, however, so well understood that that body closed its
+existence on the adoption of the Federal Constitution with this solemn
+injunction, addressed to the people of the United States: "Let it be
+remembered that it has ever been the pride and boast of America, that
+the Rights for which she contended were the Rights of Human Nature."
+
+No one will contend that our Fathers, after effecting the Revolution
+and the independence of their country, by proclaiming this system of
+beneficent political philosophy, established an entirely different one
+in the constitution assigned to its government. This philosophy, then,
+is the basis of the American Constitution.
+
+It is, moreover, a true philosophy, deduced from the nature of man and
+the character of the Creator. If there were no supreme law, then the
+world would be a scene of universal anarchy, resulting from the
+eternal conflict of peculiar institutions and antagonistic laws. There
+being such a universal law, if any human constitution and laws
+differing from it could have any authority, then that universal law
+could not be supreme. That supreme law is necessarily based on the
+equality of nations, of races, and of men. It is a simple,
+self-evident basis. One nation, race, or individual, may not oppress
+or injure another, because the safety and welfare of each is essential
+to the common safety and welfare of all. If all are not equal and
+free, then who is entitled to be free, and what evidence of his
+superiority can he bring from nature or revelation? All men
+necessarily have a common interest in the promulgation and maintenance
+of these principles, because it is equally in the nature of men to be
+content with the enjoyment of their just rights, and to be
+discontented under the privation of them. Just so far as these
+principles practically prevail, the stringency of government is safely
+relaxed, and peace and harmony obtain. But men cannot maintain these
+principles, or even comprehend them, without a very considerable
+advance in knowledge and virtue. The law of nations, designed to
+preserve peace among mankind, was unknown to the ancients. It has been
+perfected in our own times, by means of the more general dissemination
+of knowledge and practice of the virtues inculcated by Christianity.
+To disseminate knowledge, and to increase virtue therefore among men,
+is to establish and maintain the principles on which the recovery and
+preservation of their inherent natural rights depend; and the State
+that does this most faithfully, advances most effectually the common
+cause of Human Nature.
+
+For myself, I am sure that this cause is not a dream, but a reality.
+Have not all men consciousness of a property in the memory of human
+transactions available for the same great purposes, the security of
+their individual rights, and the perfection of their individual
+happiness? Have not all men a consciousness of the same equal interest
+in the achievements of invention, in the instructions of philosophy,
+and in the solaces of music and the arts? And do not these
+achievements, instructions, and solaces, exert everywhere the same
+influences, and produce the same emotions in the bosoms of all men?
+Since all languages are convertible into each other, by correspondence
+with the same agents, objects, actions, and emotions, have not all men
+practically one common language? Since the constitutions and laws of
+all societies are only so many various definitions of the rights and
+duties of men as those rights and duties are learned from Nature and
+Revelation, have not all men practically one code of moral duty? Since
+the religions of men, in their various climes, are only so many
+different forms of their devotion towards a Supreme and Almighty Power
+entitled to their reverence and receiving it under the various names
+of Jehovah, Jove, and Lord, have not all men practically one
+religion? Since all men are seeking liberty and happiness for a
+season here, and to deserve and so to secure more perfect liberty and
+happiness somewhere in a future world, and, since they all
+substantially agree that these temporal and spiritual objects are to
+be attained only through the knowledge of truth and the practice of
+virtue, have not mankind practically one common pursuit through one
+common way of one common and equal hope and destiny?
+
+If there had been no such common Humanity as I have insisted upon,
+then the American people would not have enjoyed the sympathies of
+mankind when establishing institutions of civil and religious liberty
+here, nor would their establishment here have awakened in the nations
+of Europe and of South America desires and hopes of similar
+institutions there. If there had been no such common Humanity, then we
+should not ever, since the American Revolution, have seen human
+society throughout the world divided into two parties, the high and
+the low--the one perpetually foreboding and earnestly hoping the
+downfall, and the other as confidently predicting and as sincerely
+desiring, the durability of Republican Institutions. If there had been
+no such common Humanity, then we should not have seen this tide of
+emigration from insular and continental Europe flowing into our
+country through the channels of the St. Lawrence, the Hudson, and the
+Mississippi,--ebbing, however, always with the occasional rise of the
+hopes of freedom abroad, and always swelling again into greater volume
+when those premature hopes subside. If there were no such common
+Humanity, then the poor of Great Britain would not be perpetually
+appealing to us against the oppression of landlords on their farms and
+work-masters in their manufactories and mines; and so, on the other
+hand, we should not be, as we are now, perpetually framing apologies
+to mankind for the continuance of African slavery among ourselves. If
+there were no such common Humanity, then the fame of Wallace would
+have long ago died away in his native mountains, and the name even of
+Washington would at most have been only a household word in Virginia,
+and not as it is now, a watchword of Hope and Progress throughout the
+world.
+
+If there had been no such common Humanity, then when the civilization
+of Greece and Rome had been consumed by the fires of human passion,
+the nations of modern Europe could never have gathered from among its
+ashes the philosophy, the arts, and the religion, which were
+imperishable, and have reconstructed with those materials that better
+civilization, which, amid the conflicts and fall of political and
+ecclesiastical systems, has been constantly advancing towards
+perfection in every succeeding age. If there had been no such common
+Humanity, then the dark and massive Egyptian obelisk would not have
+everywhere reappeared in the sepulchral architecture of our own times,
+and the light and graceful orders of Greece and Italy would not as now
+have been the models of our villas and our dwellings, nor would the
+simple and lofty arch and the delicate tracery of Gothic design have
+been as it now is, everywhere consecrated to the service of religion.
+
+If there had been no such common humanity, then would the sense of the
+obligation of the Decalogue have been confined to the despised nation
+who received it from Mount Sinai, and the prophecies of Jewish seers
+and the songs of Jewish bards would have perished forever with their
+temple, and never afterwards could they have become as they now are,
+the universal utterance of the spiritual emotions and hopes of
+mankind. If there had been no such common humanity, then certainly
+Europe and Africa, and even new America, would not, after the lapse of
+centuries, have recognized a common Redeemer, from all the sufferings
+and perils of human life, in a culprit who had been ignominiously
+executed in the obscure Roman province of Judea; nor would Europe have
+ever gone up in arms to Palestine, to wrest from the unbelieving Turk
+the tomb where that culprit had slept for only three days and nights
+after his descent from the cross,--much less would his traditionary
+instructions, preserved by fishermen and publicans, have become the
+chief agency in the renovation of human society, through after-coming
+ages.
+
+                                   WM. H. SEWARD.
+
+
+
+
+A Wish.
+
+
+    "Could I embody and unbosom now,
+    That which is most within me;--could I wreak
+    My thoughts upon expression, and thus throw
+    Soul, heart, mind, passions, feelings strong or weak,
+    All that I would have sought, and all I seek,
+    Bear, know, and feel, and breathe,--into _one_ word,
+    And that one word were lightning"--
+
+I would speak it, not to crush the oppressor, but to melt the chains
+of slave and master, so that _both_ should go free.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Caroline M. Kirkland.]
+
+NEW YORK, November 8th, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+A Dialogue.
+
+SCENE.--A BREAKFAST TABLE.
+
+MRS. GOODMAN, _a widow_.
+FRANK GOODMAN, _her son_.
+MR. FREEMAN, _a Southern gentleman, brother to Mrs. Goodman_.
+MR. DRYMAN, _a boarder_.
+
+
+MR. FREEMAN. (_Sipping his coffee and looking over the morning paper_)
+reads--
+
+"The performance of Uncle Tom's Cabin attracts to the theatre very
+unusual audiences. In the "genteel row" last evening, we observed the
+strictest religionists of the day, not excepting puritanic
+Presbyterians, and the sober disciples of Wesley and Fox. For
+ourselves, we must candidly confess we have never witnessed such a
+_play_ upon all the emotions of which humanity is susceptible. Mrs.
+Stowe, however unworthy the name of Patriot, is at least entitled to
+the credit of seizing the great thought of the age, and embodying it
+in such a form as to make it presentable to every order of mind and
+every class of society. She says, in effect, to Legislators, let me
+furnish your amusements, and I care not who makes your laws."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Politicians would do well to look to this--(_laying down the paper and
+speaking in a tone of impatience_)--so, so, Fanaticism is leading to
+its legitimate results. Uncle Tom in our parlors, Uncle Tom in our
+pulpits, and Uncle Tom in our plays.
+
+_Mr. Dryman._ Truly "he eateth with publicans and sinners."
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Not noticing Mr. D's remark._) One would think this last
+appropriation of the vaunted hero would be sufficient to convince the
+most radical of the demoralizing influence of these publications.
+
+_Frank._ (_Modestly._) How differently people judge. Why, last
+evening, when I saw crowds of the hardened and dissipated shedding
+tears of honest sympathy, when Uncle Tom and Eva sang,
+
+    "I see a band of spirits bright,
+    And conquering palms they bear"--
+
+I felt that the moral sentiment was asserting its supremacy even in
+places of amusement.
+
+_Mr. F._ Worse and worse, my nephew and namesake a theatre-goer.
+
+_Mr. D._ (_In an under tone._) Namesake! "that's the unkindest cut of
+all."
+
+_Frank._ Not exactly a theatre-goer, uncle, though I confess I might
+be, were the performance always as excellent as last evening.
+
+_Mrs. Goodman._ Frank, my son, I hope thee will not attempt to drink
+from a dirty pool because a pure stream flows into it.
+
+_Frank._ But the rank and file of Democracy drank deep libations to
+Liberty there, mother.
+
+_Mr. D._ (_Passing his cup._) "Drink deep or taste not of the Pierian
+spring."
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Sarcastically._) Take care, you'll be found using the
+products of slave labor!
+
+_Frank._ (_Jocosely._)
+
+    "Think how many backs have smarted,
+    For the sweets," &c.
+
+Take a bit of toast, Mr. Dryman, our northern products are perfectly
+innocent, you know?
+
+_Mr. D._ (_Helping himself bountifully._) "Ask no questions for
+conscience's sake."
+
+_Mr. F._ The practice of you Northerners is consistent with your
+professions.
+
+_Mr. D._ "Consistency, thou art a jewel!"
+
+_Frank._ It is very hard to be consistent in this world, uncle. My
+mother once made a resolution to use nothing polluted by Intemperance
+or Oppression, but finding that it required her to take constant
+thought "what we should eat and drink, and wherewithal we should be
+clothed," she was fain to relax her discipline.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Frank, thee must not transcend the truth in thy
+mirthfulness.
+
+_Frank._ Well, mother, did not some experiment of the kind lead to the
+conclusion, that I might exercise my freedom in worldly amusements?
+
+_Mrs. G._ Yes, my son, but thy enthusiasm about the theatre makes me
+fear I have gone beyond my light.
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Bitterly._) Never fear, sister, the young man will soon
+prove that Abolition Societies and Theatres are admirable schools of
+morals.
+
+_Frank._ Uncle Tom at least has a good moral, and so has William Tell
+and Pizarro--indeed I do not remember of ever reading a play which had
+not.
+
+_Mr. F._ (_In a tone of irony._) When I see a young man spending his
+time at the theatre, in search of good morals, I think he "pays too
+dear for his whistle."
+
+_Mrs. G._ And yet brother Frank speaks the truth. What success does
+thee think a play would meet, which should represent such a man as
+Uncle Tom yielding his principles and faith to the will of a Legree?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_With great asperity._) Do you, too, Rebecca, advocate
+theatres?
+
+_Mrs. G._ It is not of theatres, but of books, that I am speaking.
+Does thee recollect any work, the whole plot and design of which is
+made to turn upon the triumph of the wicked over the good?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Musing._) Why--I--don't remember now--
+
+_Frank._ (_In great surprise._) Why, mother, are there no books
+written in favor of Slavery?
+
+_Mrs. G._ I cannot think of any book which can be said to be written
+for Slavery, in the sense that Uncle Tom's Cabin is written against
+it. Such a work is, I think, impossible. No poet would attempt to
+portray its moral aspects, and delineate its beauties, with the idea
+of exciting our admiration and approval.
+
+_Mr. F._ Spoken just like a woman! Your sex always seize upon some
+thought gained through the sensibilities, and then bring in a
+decision without farther investigation.
+
+_Frank._ And is not the instinct of a woman a more perfect guide in
+morals, than the reason of man?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Sarcastically._) Certainly--if it direct her son to the
+theatre.
+
+_Mr. D._ Or teach him the supremacy of the "Higher Law."
+
+_Frank._ (_With warmth_.) My mother did not direct me to the theatre,
+sir; she has taught me to love better things;--to her I owe all the
+lofty sentiments of virtue and truth.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Softly, softly Frank, theatres and Slavery will be quite
+sufficient for this discussion, without introducing Woman's Rights.
+(_To Mr. Freeman_.) Would it not be more consistent, brother, for thee
+to disprove my argument, than to object to my method of obtaining it?
+
+_Mr. F._ Nothing can be easier--you have asserted in round terms that
+no work was ever written in favor of Slavery. What an absurdity! If
+you have any information you must know that the southern press groans
+with publications upon this topic.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Still if thee examine the matter, thee will find that every
+one of these books treats Slavery as a curse, and describes it not as
+a _good_ but an _evil_, of which each man loads the guilt upon his
+forefathers or his neighbors.
+
+_Mr. F._ Granted they call it a curse, but assuredly they bring
+forward a defence.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Yes, they defend the Constitution; they defend the rights of
+the south; they advocate Colonization, or point out the errors of
+Abolitionists, but what one in word or in effect advocates the
+principles of human Slavery? The truth is, brother, the system has the
+literature of the world against it; and the south ought to see in this
+reading age an infallible sign that the days of its cherished
+institutions are numbered. Does thee not perceive that every novel and
+every poem carries to the parlor, or, if it please thee, to the
+theatre, an influence which will eventually re-act on the ballot-box.
+
+_Frank._ Do you mean, mother, to include in your remarks the
+discourses of Reverend Divines upon the Patriarchal Institution?
+
+_Mrs. G._ I cannot except even these; for they acknowledge it an evil,
+though they contend it exists by divine ordination, just as they
+assert Original Sin to be the offspring of Eternal Decrees; but they
+no more convince the Slaveholder, that he loves his bondman as
+himself, than they convict him of the guilt of Adam's transgression.
+
+_Mr. F._ What do you say to Webster's great speech on the compromise
+measure?
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_Pleasantly._) Is not the moral view of a question, about
+as far as a woman's instinct ought to go?
+
+_Mr. F._ Oh, no; go on, your strictures are quite amusing.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Well, then, since _we_ have taken the position of a
+reviewer, _we_ must confess that the last effort of the great Daniel
+appears to us to be _on an Act of Congress_.
+
+_Mr. D._ And _at_ the Presidential chair.
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_Continuing._) It did not touch the merits of slavery at
+all. Webster knew the feelings of the constituents too well to attempt
+such a task. He therefore skilfully diverted their attention from his
+real issue, to the glorious Union, and its danger from agitators, and
+he thus carried with him the sympathies of many honest haters of
+oppression.
+
+_Mr. F._ Well, sister, I do not know but you will prove that there is
+not an advocate for slavery on the face of the earth.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Only such advocates as there is for robbery and war. Those
+who find it for their interest to practice these crimes condemn them
+in the abstract, or at most only apologize for them, as necessary and
+expedient, under peculiar circumstances.
+
+_Frank._ (_Laughing._) Why, mother, I shall certainly subscribe for
+your "North American Review," particularly if you fill the literary
+department as ably as you have the moral and political, to test which,
+let me propound a question? If the reward of the good be the charm of
+fiction, how do you account for the pleasure derived from tragedy,
+where the good are overwhelmed with the evil?
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_Smiling._) With great diffidence we reply to the query of
+our learned friend. The force of tragedy consists in its depicting
+evil so ruinous as to involve even the innocent in the catastrophe;
+the pleasure is derived, we think, from the _failure_ of the
+mischievous design, and the merited retribution which falls upon the
+head of the plotters. In Romeo, "a scourge is laid upon the hate of
+the Montagues and Capulets, by which all are punished;" Hamlet's
+wicked uncle is justly served, drinking the poison tempered by
+himself; and Iago pulls down ruin upon himself no less than upon
+Cassio.
+
+_Frank._ (_Bowing playfully_.) Your review meets my entire
+approbation, inasmuch as it confirms my doctrine, that theatres always
+give their verdict in favor of virtue.
+
+_Mr. D._ "Casting out devils through Beelzebub."
+
+_Mrs. G._ The artistic effect of every work of the imagination is
+wrought upon what critics call the "sympathetic emotion of virtue,"
+and the decisions of this faculty, so far as we understand them,
+always correspond with what Christians believe concerning the "final
+restitution of all things."
+
+_Frank._ The theatre, then, ought to promote good morals--why does it
+not?
+
+_Mr. D._
+
+          "And many worthy men
+    Maintained it might be turned to good account,
+    And so perhaps it might, but never was."
+
+_Mrs. G._ The "sympathetic emotion of virtue," not having an object,
+never rises to passion, and therefore never produces action.
+Philosophers tell us that a thought of virtue passing often through
+the mind, without being wrought out into a fact, weakens the moral
+sense; thus people may read the best of books, and witness the finest
+exhibitions of moral beauty, and constantly retrograde in virtue. The
+dissolute characters of players, who continually utter the loftiest
+sentiments, and practice the lowest vices, are accounted for on this
+principle; and we ought to judge the theatre as we do slavery, by its
+demoralizing effect upon those engaged in it.
+
+_Mr. F._ Do you mean to say, Rebecca, that slaveholding has the same
+effect upon me that stage-playing has upon the actor?
+
+_Mrs. G._ Well, brother, I put it to thy own conscience. Does thee
+not, daily, in dealing with thy slaves, stifle thy emotions of piety,
+generosity, and love, and is it not easier to do this now than it was
+twenty years ago, when, with a heart full of tenderness and truth,
+thee left us for thy southern home?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Rising and pacing the room with great agitation_.) Now,
+sister, you are going to introduce another absurdity! Do I practice
+the principles learned in the nursery? No, I do not! Do I believe
+"honesty is the best policy" and its kindred humbugs? Of course I
+don't! Show me the man who does? Do I follow the precepts of the
+sermon on the Mount? Not I! The man who should undertake to do so
+would make himself a perfect laughing-stock. I should like to see one
+of your northern hypocrites attempt it. Ha! ha! ha! "Lay not up
+treasure upon earth," and "take no thought for the morrow;" why, what
+else do people take thought for, either North or South? It is not what
+they shall eat, drink, or wear to-day, that worries them, but how they
+shall lay up something for themselves or their children hereafter. You
+silly women are always talking about righteousness, as if you really
+thought it could enter in human plans, but we men of the world, who
+have to wring the precious dollar from the hard hand of labor, know
+better! I tell you, Rebecca, I don't believe there is a business-man
+in your pious Quaker city even, who would dare acquaint his wife and
+daughters with all his little arrangements for amassing wealth. Ha!
+ha! ha! How the pretty things would stare at the tricks of the trade,
+and simper: "Is that right?" As though anybody thought business
+principles were gospel principles! As though they expected a man was
+going to love his neighbor as himself, when he was making a bargain
+with him! It provokes me to see you make yourself so ridiculous! You
+ought to know that every man _acts_ on the principle, that "Wealth is
+the chief good;" and you ought to know, too, that there the
+slaveholders have the advantage of you entirely. They do right to
+work, and grind it out of the slaves on a large scale, and call
+Abraham and Moses to witness the patriarchal method, while your
+northern mercenaries scheme and speculate how they can turn a penny
+out of ignorance and poverty, and have not even the apology of a
+precedent for their meanness. Why, one of our generous
+southern planters is as far above one of your stingy
+shave-three-cents-on-a-yard-tradesmen, as Robin Hood is above a
+miserable tea-spoon burglar. The south sails under false colors, does
+it? What flag do your platform men give to the wind, I should like to
+know? What do they care for the Fugitive Slave Law? Half of them would
+help a runaway to Canada with as good a will as they'd eat their
+dinner. (_Coming close and sitting down, so as to look fixedly in her
+face_.) I'll tell you what, sister, the chivalry of the south responds
+to you northern Christians who prate so loud of brotherhood and
+charity, in the words of young Cancer to his mother--"_Libenter tuis
+pr�ceptis obsequar, si te prius idem facientem videro_."
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_very gently_.) These strictures, brother, are too keenly
+just. They remind me of Kossuth's assertion, that there is not yet a
+Christian nation on the earth, nor yet a Christian church, that dare
+venture entirely upon the principles of the Gospel. Still, the
+aberration of reformers proves no more in favor of slavery, than the
+vices and miseries of civilized life prove that barbarism is the
+natural and happy state of the human race; nay, these very aberrations
+prove that a centripetal power counteracts the opposing force, and
+holds them within the genial influence of the sun of truth.
+
+The law of spiritual gravitation is little understood. But thousands
+of philosophers are closely observing the phenomena, and carefully
+comparing them with the data given in the Sermon on the Mount; and it
+is not too much to hope that this generation will give to the world a
+Newton, whose moral mathematics shall demonstrate that the _law_ of
+_love_ is the true theory of individual and national prosperity.
+
+_Mr. F._ Well, sister, I wish you much joy of your millennial state;
+but before the Sermon on the Mount becomes the code of nations, I
+guess you will find--
+
+_Mr. D._ (_interrupting_.) "A little more grape, Captain Bragg!"
+
+_Frank._ I tell you, uncle, "there's a good time coming." Mother is a
+prophet. I have watched her words all my life, and I never knew them
+fall to the ground.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Observe, my friends, that the Sermon on the Mount puts
+blessing before requirement. If you accept these beatitudes as the
+gift of your Divine Master, you will find that obedience to the
+precepts which follow, is not the unwilling service of a bondsman, but
+the free and natural action of an unfranchised spirit.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) C. A. Bloss]
+
+CLOVER STREET SEM., November 10th, 1853.
+
+
+[Illustration: Gerritt Smith (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+A Time of Justice will Come
+
+
+We are conscious of the odium that rests upon us. We feel that we are
+wronged; but we are not impatient for the righting of our wrongs. We
+bide our time. The men that shall come after us, will do us justice.
+The present generation of America cannot "judge righteous judgment,"
+in the case of the uncompromising friends of freedom, religion, and
+law. They are so debauched and blinded by slavery, and by the perverse
+and low ideas of freedom, religion, and law, which it engenders, that
+they "call evil good, and good evil; put darkness for light, and light
+for darkness; put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter." They have
+been living out the lie of slavery so long, and have been, thereby,
+deadening their consciences so long, as to be now well nigh incapable
+of perceiving the wide and everlasting distinctions between truth and
+falsehood.
+
+                                   GERRITT SMITH.
+
+
+
+
+Hope and Confidence.
+
+
+    O! What a strange thing is the human heart!
+      With its youth, and its joy and fear!
+    It doats upon creatures that day-dreams impart,--
+    Full sorely it grieves when their beauties depart,
+      And weeps bitter tears over their bier.
+
+    The veriest gleamings that dart into birth,
+      Reveal to its being of light:
+    The dimliest shadows that flit upon earth,
+    Allure it, with promise of pleasure and mirth
+      In a country, where never is night.
+
+    It leaves the sure things of its own real home,
+      To pursue the mere phantoms of thought!
+    Well knowing, that certain, there soon must come,
+    An end to the visions, that so gladsome,
+      It bewilder'd, has eagerly sought.
+
+[Illustration: Chas. L. Reason (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+    It fleeth the wholesome prose of life,
+      With its riches all sure and told:
+    And scorning the beauties, that calmly in strife
+    Truth fashions, it longs for the things all rife
+      With glitter, and color, and gold.
+
+    It buildeth its home 'neath an ever calm sky,
+      Near streams wherein crown-jewels sleep,--
+    And there it reposeth: while soothingly nigh,
+    Some loved one, perchance, doth most wooingly sigh,
+      As the zephyrs all full-laden creep.
+
+    Thus it musingly wasteth its strength, in dreams
+      Of bliss, that can never prove true:
+    And ever it revels amid what seems,
+    A paradise smiling with Hope's warm beams,
+      And flowers all spangled with dew.
+
+    But, even as flowers are broken and fade,
+      And yield up their perfumes--their souls,--
+    So vanish the colors of which dreams are made,--
+    So perish the structures on which Hope is staid,
+      And the treasures to which the heart holds.
+
+    In vain does it follow the wandering forms
+      That promise, yet always recede:--
+    Too briefly the sunshine is darken'd by storms:
+    Hope minstrels it onward, yet never informs
+      Of the dangers unseen, that impede.
+
+    The Heart trusts the outward: "Of man 'tis the whole."
+      Thus Confidence clings to decay!
+    It feels the sweet homage that riches control,--
+    And laughs in contempt at the wealth of the soul:
+      And behold! now, friends wait for their prey.
+
+    It trusteth in glory, and beauty, and youth,--
+      In love-vows that ne'er are to die:
+    But soon the Death-king, in whose heart is no ruth,
+    Enfolds it,--and mounting aloft, of Truth
+      Thus sings, as turns glassy the eye.
+
+    "There's nothing so lovely and bright below,
+      As the shapes of the purified mind!
+    Nought surer to which the weak heart can grow,
+    On which it can rest, as it onward doth go,
+      Than that Truth which its own tendrils bind.
+
+    "Yes! Truth opes within a pure sun-tide of bliss,
+      And shows in its ever calm flood,
+    A transcript of regions, where no darkness is,
+    Where HOPE its conceptions may realize,
+      And CONFIDENCE sleep in 'The Good.'"
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Chas. L. Reason.]
+
+
+
+
+A Letter that Speaks for Itself.
+
+
+To T---- M----.
+
+Disinterested benevolence, my dear sir, has nothing at all to do with
+abolitionism. Nay, I doubt very much if there is such a thing as
+disinterested benevolence; but be this as it may, there is no occasion
+for it in the anti-slavery ranks.
+
+It is selfishness,--sheer selfishness, that has thus far carried on
+the war with slavery and wrong in all times; and selfishness must
+break the chains of the American slave.
+
+Self-love has fixed the chain around the arm of every leader and every
+soldier in the American anti-slavery army. Where would William Lloyd
+Garrison have been to-day, if any combination of circumstances could
+have shut in his soul's deep hatred of oppression, and prevented its
+finding utterance in burning words? He would have been dead and
+rotten. It is necessary to his own existence that he should
+work,--work for the slave; and in his work he gratifies all the
+strongest instincts of his nature, more completely than even the
+grossest sensualist can gratify _his_, by unlimited indulgence.
+
+Gerritt Smith, too. Suppose he was compelled to hoard his princely
+fortune, or spend it as most others do! O dear! what a dyspeptic we
+should have in six months; and all the hydropathic institutes in the
+country could never keep him alive five years.
+
+John P. Hale would soon be done with his rotund person and jovial
+face, if he could no longer send the sharp arrows of his wit and
+sarcasm into the consciences of his human-whipping neighbors.
+
+It is a necessity of all great nations to hate meanness, and nothing
+under God's heaven ever was so mean as American slavery. Think of it.
+_Men_ who swagger around with pistols and bowie-knifes to avenge their
+insulted honor, if any one should question it,--imagine one turning up
+his sleeves to horsewhip an old woman for burning his steak, or
+pocketing her wages, earned at the wash-tub!
+
+No one with a soul above that of a pig-louse, could help loathing the
+system, the instant he saw it in its native meanness. Then, in order
+to keep his own self-respect,--to gratify the love of the good and
+true in his own soul, he _must_ express that loathing.
+
+No disinterestedness about doing right, for nobody can be so much
+interested in the act as the doer of it.
+
+Wrong-doing is the only possible self-abnegation, of which the whole
+range of thought admits.
+
+All the humiliation and agony of the Saviour himself, were necessary
+to himself. Nothing less could have expressed the infinite love of the
+Divine nature; and in working out a most perfect righteousness for
+those he loved, he also wrought out a most perfect happiness for
+himself.
+
+The eternal law of God links the happiness of all the creatures made
+in His image in an electric chain, united in the Divine love; and He,
+who has "a fellow-feeling for our infirmities," has given us a
+fellow-feeling with the sufferings of each other. So that no soul in
+which the Divine image is not totally obscured, can know of the misery
+of another, without a sympathetic throb of sorrow.
+
+The true heart in Maine _cannot_ know that the slave-mother in Georgia
+is weeping for her children, torn from her arms by avarice, without
+feeling her anguish palpitating in its inmost core.
+
+It is the pulsations of the sympathetic heart which stretches out the
+hand to interfere between her and her aggressor; and abolitionists are
+just seeking a soft pillow that they may "sleep o' nights."
+
+It is selfishness, I tell you, all selfishness! The great whale when
+she gives up her own large life to protect her young one, and the
+little wren when she carries all the nice tit bits to her babies, are
+as true to themselves as the old pig when she shoulders all her little
+family out of the trough.
+
+The whale enjoys death, and the wren her little fellows' supper, with
+a better zest than an old grunter does her corn, and Wm. Gildersten in
+spending money and laboring to prevent any more scenes of brutal
+violence in his State, by punishing the one past, gratifies his own
+loves and longings quite as much as Judge Grier in grunting out his
+wrath against all lovers of liberty.
+
+The one would enjoy being hanged for the cause of God and Humanity,
+more than the other would the luxury of hanging him, even if he could
+have _all_ the pleasure to himself,--be not only judge and
+persecutor, as he prefers, but marshal, jailor, and hangman to boot.
+
+More than this, every creature, so far as other creatures are
+concerned, has a right to be happy in his own way. Nero had as much
+right to wish for power to cut off all the heads in Italy at one blow,
+as an innocent pig to wish for capacity to eat all the corn in the
+world. Mankind has no right to punish either for the desire or its
+manifestation. They should only make fences to prevent the
+accomplishment of the wish.
+
+Americans have no right to punish Judge Grier for wishing to persecute
+everybody who attempts to enforce State laws against murderous
+assaults by _his_ officers. They should content themselves with
+fencing his Honor in, or, if necessary, putting a ring in his nose. He
+has as much right to be Judge Grier as George Washington had to be
+George Washington, and is no more selfish in following the instincts
+of his nature, than Washington was in following his.
+
+          Without any great respect,
+                      I am your friend,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Jane G. Swisshelm]
+
+
+
+
+On Freedom.
+
+
+    Once I wished I might rehearse
+    Freedom's p�an in my verse,
+    That the slave who caught the strain
+    Should throb until he snapt his chain.
+    But the Spirit said, "Not so;
+    Speak it not, or speak it low;
+    Name not lightly to be said,
+    Gift too precious to be prayed,
+    Passion not to be exprest
+    But by heaving of the breast;
+    Yet,--would'st thou the mountain find
+    Where this deity is shrined,
+    Who gives the seas and sunset-skies
+    Their unspent beauty of surprise,
+    And, when it lists him, waken can
+    Brute and savage into man;
+    Or, if in thy heart he shine,
+    Blends the starry fates with thine,
+    Draws angels nigh to dwell with thee,
+    And makes thy thoughts archangels be;
+    Freedom's secret would'st thou know?--
+    Right thou feelest rashly do.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) R. W. Emerson.]
+
+
+
+
+Mary Smith,
+
+AN ANTI-SLAVERY REMINISCENCE.
+
+
+Some years ago a free colored woman, who was born in New England, and
+had gone to the south to attend upon some family, was shipwrecked, as
+she was returning northwards, on the coast of North Carolina. She,
+however, as well as some of the crew of the vessel, was saved. The
+half-civilized people of that region rendered some assistance to the
+shipwrecked party; but Mary Smith was detained by one of the natives
+as a slave.
+
+The poor woman succeeded in getting a letter written to some person in
+Boston, in which the particulars of her story were narrated. Either
+this letter, or one afterwards written, contained references to people
+in Boston who were acquainted with her.
+
+It was not very easy, even with these references, to get sufficient
+evidence to prove the freedom and identity of an obscure person, who
+had been away from Boston for some years. A strong interest, however,
+was felt in the case wherever it became known. And Rev. Samuel
+Snowden, well-remembered by the name of Father Snowden, with his usual
+indomitable energy and perseverance in aiding persons of his own color
+in distress, succeeded in finding people in Boston who were well
+acquainted with Mary Smith, and recollected her having left that place
+to go to the south. Pursuing his inquiries with great diligence, he
+ascertained the place of her birth, which was somewhere in New
+Hampshire. I forget the name of the town.
+
+Affidavits were now procured, which established the place of Mary
+Smith's birth, her residence in Boston, and the time of her departure
+for the south, and other circumstances to corroborate her story.
+
+Edward Everett, who was at this time Governor of Massachusetts, at the
+request of Mary Smith's friends, forwarded the documents they had
+obtained, accompanied with an urgent letter from himself, demanding
+her release from captivity, on the ground of her being a free citizen
+of Massachusetts.
+
+The Governor of North Carolina replied very courteously to Governor
+Everett. He admitted the right of the woman to her freedom, and
+acknowledged that no person in North Carolina could lawfully detain
+her as a slave. But, at the same time he said, that as Governor, he
+had no power to interfere with the person who held her in custody. The
+decision on her right to freedom, depended on another department of
+the government. He promised, however, to write to the man who held
+her, and solicit her release.
+
+The remonstrances of the Governor of North Carolina proved successful.
+Mary Smith soon arrived in Boston. And some of her old acquaintances
+who had given the evidence which led to her release, hastened to meet
+her and congratulate her on her escape from bondage. At the meeting
+they looked on her for some moments with astonishment, for they could
+trace in her features no resemblance to their former companion. A
+speedy explanation took place, from which it appeared that all the
+documents sent to North Carolina related to one Mary Smith; but the
+woman whose liberty they procured, was another Mary Smith.
+
+Governor Everett had a hearty laugh when Father Snowden told him the
+happy result of his letter to the Governor of North Carolina.
+
+The moral of this story is, that a plain, common name, is sometimes
+more useful to its owner, than a more brilliant one.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) S. E. Sewall]
+
+     NOTE.--I have endeavored to give the facts of Mary Smith's
+     story with exact accuracy, writing from memory only, without
+     the aid of anything written. It is possible I may be
+     mistaken in some immaterial circumstance.
+
+
+
+
+Freedom--Liberty.
+
+
+Freedom and Liberty are synonymes. Freedom is an essence; Liberty, an
+accident. Freedom is born with a man; Liberty may be conferred on him.
+Freedom is progressive; Liberty is circumscribed. Freedom is the gift
+of God; Liberty, the creature of society. Liberty may be taken away
+from a man; but, on whatsoever soul Freedom may alight, the course of
+that soul is thenceforth onward and upward; society, customs, laws,
+armies, are but as wythes in its giant grasp, if they oppose,
+instruments to work its will, if they assent. Human kind welcome the
+birth of a free soul with reverence and shoutings, rejoicing in the
+advent of a fresh off-shoot of the Divine Whole, of which this is but
+a part.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) James McCune Smith]
+
+NEW-YORK, Nov. 22d, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+An Aspiration.
+
+
+You want my autograph. Permit me, then, to sign myself the friend of
+every effort for human emancipation in our own country, and throughout
+the world. God speed the day when all chains shall fall from the limbs
+and from the soul, and universal liberty co-exist with universal
+righteousness and universal peace. In this work I am
+
+                    Yours truly,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) E. H. Chapin.]
+
+NEW YORK, Nov. 22d.
+
+
+[Illustration: E. H. Chapin (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+The Dying Soliloquy of the Victim of the Wilkesbarre Tragedy.
+
+
+He was approached from behind by Deputy Marshal Wyncoop and his
+assistants, knocked down with a mace and partially shackled. The
+fugitive, who had unsuspectingly waited upon them during their
+breakfast at the Phenix Hotel, was a tall, noble-looking, remarkably
+intelligent, and a nearly white mulatto; after a desperate effort and
+severe struggle, he shook off his _five_ assailants, and with the loss
+of everything but a remnant of his shirt, rushed from the house and
+plunged into the water, exclaiming: "I will drown rather than be taken
+alive." He was pursued and fired upon several times, the last ball
+taking effect in his head, his face being instantly covered with
+blood. He sprang up and shrieked in great agony, and no doubt would
+have sunk at once, but for the buoyancy of the water. Seeing his
+condition, the slave-catchers retreated, coolly remarking that "dead
+niggers were not worth taking South."
+
+        Than be a slave,
+        Dread death I'll brave,
+    And hail the moment near,
+        When the soul mid pain,
+        Shall burst the chain
+    That long has bound it here.
+
+        Earth's thrilling pulse,
+        Man's stern repulse,
+    This weary heart no longer feels;
+        Its beating hushed
+        Its vain hopes crushed,
+    It craves that life which death reveals.
+
+        That moment great
+        My soul would wait,
+    In awe and peace sublime;
+        Nor bitter tears,
+        Nor slave-born fears,
+    As I pass from earth to time.
+
+        The angry past,
+        Like phantoms vast,
+    Glides by like the rushing wave;
+        So soon shall I,
+        Forgotten lie,
+    In the depths of my briny grave.
+
+        The time shall be,
+        "When no more sea"
+    Shall hide its treasures lone;
+        Then my soul shall rise,
+        Clothed for the skies,
+    To find its blissful home.
+
+        Foul deeds laid wrong
+        The whip and thong,
+    Have scored my manhood's heart,
+        But ne'er again
+        Shall fiends constrain
+    My body to the slave's vile mart.
+
+      The 'whelming wave,
+      This corpse shall lave;
+    Let the winds still pipe aloud,
+        Let the waters lash,
+        The white foam dash,
+    O'er mangled brow and bloody shroud.
+
+        Roll on, thou free,
+        Unfettered sea,
+    Thy restless moan, my dirge,
+        My cradle deep
+        In my last lone sleep,
+    Is the scoop of thy hollow surge.
+
+        Would I might live,
+        _One_ glance to give,
+    To those whose hearts would bless,
+        Each word of love,
+        All price above,
+    As mine to theirs I press.
+
+        The wish is vain;
+        My frenzied brain,
+    Is dark'ning even now;
+        Above, above,
+        Is Heaven's love,
+    And mercy's wide arched bow.
+
+        Glad free-born soul
+        With grateful hold,
+    Now grasp the gift from Heav'n--
+        Thy freedom won,
+        New life begun,
+    Forgive, thou'rt there forgiv'n.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) H. H. Greenough]
+
+
+
+
+Let all be Free.
+
+
+    Unbounded in thy expanse--far reaching
+    From shore to shore--ever beautiful
+    Are thy crystal waters--O sea.
+    Beautiful--when thy waves, the white pebbles lave,
+    When the weary sea-birds sleep, upon the bosom of the deep.
+    But when thy storm-pressed billows burst,
+    The grasp which man would "lay upon thy mane,"
+    Then do I most love thee, sea,
+    Thou emblem of the _Free_.
+
+    When above me beam the stars,
+    How beautiful in their infinitude of light,
+    O'er the blue heavens spread, like gems
+    Upon the brow of youth!
+    Far, far away, beyond the paths of day,
+    More glorious yet, as suns which never set,
+    In darkness never! but shining forever!
+    You are more loved by me--
+    Ye emblems of the _Free_.
+
+    All earth of the beautiful is full.
+    Beautiful the streams which leave the rural vales,
+    Fringed with scarlet berries and leafy green!
+    O world of colors infinite, and lines of ever-varying grace,
+    How by sea and shore art thou ever beautiful!
+    But the torrent rushing by, and the eagle in the sky,
+    The Alpine heights of snow where man does never go,
+    More lovely are to me,
+    For they are _Free_.
+
+    Beautiful is man, and yet more beautiful
+    Woman: coupled by bare circumstance
+    Of place or gold, still beautiful.
+    But this must fade!
+    Only the soul, grows never old:
+    They most agree, who most are free:
+    Liberty is the food of love!
+    The heavens, the earth, man's heart, and sea,
+    Forever cry, _let all be Free_!
+
+[Illustration: (signature) C. M. Clay.]
+
+KENTUCKY, 1853.
+
+
+[Illustration: Frederick Douglass (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+_To the Editor of the "Autographs for Freedom."_
+
+     DEAR MADAM,--
+
+     If the enclosed paragraph from a speech of mine delivered in
+     May last, at the anniversary meeting of the American and
+     Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, shall be deemed suited to the
+     pages of the forthcoming annual, please accept it as my
+     contribution.
+
+                    With great respect,
+
+     [Illustration: (signature) Frederick Douglass]
+
+     ROCHESTER, November, 1853.
+
+Extract.
+
+
+No colored man, with any nervous sensibility, can stand before an
+American audience without an intense and painful sense of the
+disadvantages imposed by his color. He feels little borne up by that
+brotherly sympathy and generous enthusiasm, which give wings to the
+eloquence, and strength to the hearts of other men, who advocate other
+and more popular causes. The ground which a colored man occupies in
+this country is, every inch of it, sternly disputed. Sir, were I a
+white man, speaking for the right of white men, I should in this
+country have a smooth sea and a fair wind. It is, perhaps, creditable
+to the American people (and I am not the man to detract from their
+credit) that they listen eagerly to the report of wrongs endured by
+distant nations. The Hungarian, the Italian, the Irishman, the Jew and
+the Gentile, all find in this goodly land a home; and when any of
+them, or all of them, desire to speak, they find willing ears, warm
+hearts, and open hands. For these people, the Americans have
+principles of justice, maxims of mercy, sentiments of religion, and
+feelings of brotherhood in abundance. But for _my_ poor people, (alas,
+how poor!)--enslaved, scourged, blasted, overwhelmed, and ruined, it
+would appear that America had neither justice, mercy, nor religion.
+She has no scales in which to weigh our wrongs, and no standard by
+which to measure our rights. Just here lies the grand difficulty of
+the colored man's cause. It is found in the fact, that we may not
+avail ourselves of the just force of admitted American principles. If
+I do not misinterpret the feelings and philosophy of my white
+fellow-countrymen generally, they wish us to understand distinctly and
+fully that they have no other use for us whatever, than to coin
+dollars out of our blood.
+
+Our position here is anomalous, unequal, and extraordinary. It is a
+position to which the most courageous of our race cannot look without
+deep concern. Sir, we are a hopeful people, and in this we are
+fortunate; but for this trait of our character, we should have, long
+before this seemingly unpropitious hour, sunk down under a sense of
+utter despair.
+
+Look at it, sir. Here, upon the soil of our birth, in a country which
+has known us for two centuries, among a people who did not wait for us
+to seek them, but who sought us, found us, and brought us to their own
+chosen land,--a people for whom we have performed the humblest
+services, and whose greatest comforts and luxuries have been won from
+the soil by our sable and sinewy arms,--I say, sir, among such a
+people, and with such obvious recommendations to favor, we are far
+less esteemed than the veriest stranger and sojourner.
+
+Aliens are we in our native land. The fundamental principles of the
+republic, to which the humblest white man, whether born here or
+elsewhere, may appeal with confidence in the hope of awakening a
+favorable response, are held to be inapplicable to us. The glorious
+doctrines of your revolutionary fathers, and the more glorious
+teachings of the Son of God, are construed and applied against us. We
+are literally scourged beyond the beneficent range of both
+authorities,--human and divine. We plead for our rights, in the name
+of the immortal declaration of independence, and of the written
+constitution of government, and we are answered with imprecations and
+curses. In the sacred name of Jesus we beg for mercy, and the
+slave-whip, red with blood, cracks over us in mockery. We invoke the
+aid of the ministers of Him who came "to preach deliverance to the
+captive," and to set at liberty them that are bound, and from the
+loftiest summits of this ministry comes the inhuman and blasphemous
+response, saying: if one prayer would move the Almighty arm in mercy
+to break your galling chains, that prayer would be withheld. We cry
+for help to humanity--a common humanity, and here too we are repulsed.
+American humanity hates us, scorns us, disowns and denies, in a
+thousand ways, our very personality. The outspread wing of American
+Christianity, apparently broad enough to give shelter to a perishing
+world, refuses to cover us. To us, its bones are brass, and its
+feathers iron. In running thither for shelter and succor, we have only
+fled from the hungry bloodhound to the devouring wolf,--from a corrupt
+and selfish world to a hollow and hypocritical church.
+
+
+
+
+Extract from an unpublished Poem on Freedom.
+
+
+        Oh, Freedom! when thy morning march began,
+        Co�val with the birth and breath of man;
+        Who that could view thee in that Asian clime,
+        God-born, soul-nursed, the infant heir of time--
+        Who that could see thee in that Asian court,
+        Flit with the sparrow, with the lion sport,
+        Talk with the murmur of the babbling rill
+        And sing thy summer song upon the hill--
+        Who that could know thee as thou wast inwrought
+        The all in all of nature's primal thought,
+        And see thee given by Omniscient mind,
+        A native boon to lord, and brute, and wind,
+        Could e'er have dreamed with fate's prophetic sleep,
+        The darker lines thy horoscope would keep,
+        Or trembling read, thro' tones with horror thrilled,
+        The damned deeds thy future name would gild?
+
+          Lo! The swart chief of Afric's vergeless plains,
+        Poor Heaven-wept child of nature's joys and pains,
+        Mounts his fleet steed with wind-directed course,
+        Nor checks again his free unbridled horse,
+        But lordless, wanders where his will inclines
+        From Tuats heats to Zegzeg's stunted pines!
+        View him, ye craven few, ye living-dead!
+        Wrecks of a being whence the soul has fled!
+        Ye Goths and Vandals of his plundered coast!
+        Ye _Christian_ Bondous, who of feeling boast,[7]
+        Who quickly kindling to historic fire
+        Contemn a Marius' or a Scylla's ire,[8]
+        Or kindly lulled to sympathetic glow,
+        Lament the martyrs of some far-off woe,
+        And tender grown, with sorrow hugely great
+        Weep o'er an Agis' or Jugurtha's fate![9]
+        View him, ye hollow heartlings as he stalks
+        The dauntless monarch of his native walks
+        Breathes the warm odor which the girgir bears,[10]
+        Shouts the fierce music of his savage airs,
+        Or madly brave in hottest chase pursues
+        The tawny monster of the desert dews;
+        Eager, erect, persistent as the storm,
+        Soul in his mien, God's image in his form!
+        Yes, view him thus, from Kaffir to Soudan,
+        And tell me, worldlings, is the black a man?
+
+          See, the full sun emerging from the deep,
+        Climbs with red eye, the light-illumined steep,
+        And brightly beautiful continuous smiles
+        A fecund blessing on those Indian Isles!
+        Like eastern woods which sweeten as they burn,
+        So, the parched earths to odorous flowrets turn,
+        And feathered fayes their murmurous wings expand,
+        Waked by the magic of his conjuror's wand,
+        Flash their red plumes, and vocalize each dell
+        Where browse the fecho and the dun-gazelle,[11]
+        While half forgetful of her changing sphere,
+        The loathful summer lingers year by year.
+        Here, in the light of God's supernal eye--
+        His realms unbounded, and his woes a sigh--
+        The dusky son of evening placed whilcome
+        Found with the Gnu an ever-vernal home,
+        And wiser than Athenas' wisest schools,[12]
+        Nor led by zealots, nor scholastic rules,
+        Gazed at the stars that stud yon tender blue,
+        And hoped, and deemed the cheat of death untrue;
+        Yet, supple sophist to a plastic mind,[13]
+        Saw gods in woods, and spirits in the wind,
+        Heard in the tones that stirred the waves within,
+        The mingled voice of Hadna and Odin,
+        Doomed the fleeced tenant of the wild to bleed
+        A guileless votive to his harmless creed,
+        Then gladly grateful at each rite fulfilled,
+        Sought the cool shadow where the spring distilled,
+        And lightly lab'rous thro' the torpid day,
+        Whiled in sweet peace the sultry eve away.
+
+          Or if perchance to nature darkly true,
+        He strikes the war-path thro' the midnight dew,
+        Steals in the covert on the sleeping foe,
+        And wreaks the horrors of a barbarous woe;
+        Yet, yet returning to the home-girt spot--
+        The vengeful causes and the deed forgot--[14]
+        Where greenest boughs o'er sloping banks impend,
+        And gurgling waves to bosky dells descend;
+        Intent the long expectant brood to sea,
+        He halts beneath the broad acacia tree;
+        And warmly pressed by wonder-gloating eyes,
+        Displays the vantage of each savage prize;
+        Stills with glad pride and plundered gems, uncouth,
+        The ardent longings of his daughter's youth;
+
+          Bids the dark spouse the tropic meal prepare,
+        Mid laughing echoes from the bird-voiced air;
+        Passes before him in a fond review
+        The merry numbers of his crisp-haired crew;[15]
+        Recounts the dangers of the last night's strife,
+        Joys with their joy, and lives their inner life;
+        And then when slow the lengthened day expires,
+        Mid twilight balms and star-enkindled fires,
+        With _all_ the father sees each form retire,
+        A ruthless heathen, but a loving sire.[16]
+
+          Innocuously thus, thro' long, long years
+        Untaught by learning, yet unknown to fears,
+        The swarthy Afric whiled the jocund hours,
+        A petted child of nature's rosiest bowers,
+        Till lured by wealth the hardy Portuguese,[17]
+        Seeks the green waters of his Eastern seas,
+        And venturous nations more excursive grown,
+        Scan his glad coast from radiant zone to zone,
+        Then Fortune's minion in a foreign clime,
+        Cursed by his own and damned to later time,
+        Of incest born and by the chances thrown
+        A tainted alien on a ravished throne,
+        Gapes the foul flatteries of a fawning train,
+        And fatuous mock'ries, which themselves disdain,
+        A fancied monarch, but the witless sport
+        Of adulation, and a practiced court,
+        Vaunts to his broad realms and Timour-like proclaims
+        Illusive titles of barbaric names,
+        Cheats his own nature, and now generous grown,[18]
+        Dispenses souls and empires not his own,
+        Draws the deep purple round his royal seat,
+        Lifts his low crest, affects the God complete,
+        By giving with light breath, oh, shame to tell!
+        These heirs of Heav'n unto the fate of hell.
+        Sped by the mandate of his recreant train,
+        Lo! commerce, broad winged seraph of the main!
+        Shook her white plumage and coqueting, won
+        Propitious favors from the southern sun,
+        Till manly hearts and keel-impelling gales,
+        Furled on the coast her half-reluctant sails.
+
+          Abashed, amazed, with fear-dilated eye
+        The marvelling tribes these new-born wonders spy;
+        See from the shore, bright glittering in the sun,
+        The moving freightage of each galleon;
+        Wait till the measured strokes of oars bring near
+        These way-lost wanderers of another sphere,
+        Then timorously glad, yet awe-struck still,
+        Lead from the sunshine to the breezy hill;
+        With courteous grace a resting place assign
+        'Neath rustling leaves and grape-empurpled vine,
+        And led by craft in artless pride make known
+        The lustrous lurements of their gorgeous zone,
+        As in the field some skilful ranger sets
+        The fraudful cordage of his specious nets,
+        Places some fragrant viand in the snare,
+        And captive takes the unsuspicious hare;
+        So the bold strangers with superior will
+        Lay their base plans with disingenuous skill,
+        Ope their stored treasures and with art display
+        Their worthless figments to the air of day,
+        Roll their large lids, and with grave gestures laud
+        Each tinsel trinket and each painted gaud;
+        With mystic signs of strange import apply
+        Some gew-gaw bauble to the gloating eye;
+        Touch with nice skill, yet craft-dissembled smile,
+        Gems from the mine and spices from the Isle,
+        Affect no care, yet hope a thrifty sale--
+        The wealth of Empires in th' opposing scale--
+        While he, the poor victim of their selfish creed,
+        Prescient of evil art foredoomed to bleed,
+        Pleased yet alarmed, desiring but deterred,
+        Flutters still nearer like a snake-charmed bird;
+        Alas, too often taken with a toy--
+        Too soon to weep a kindred fate with Troy!
+
+          Evils received, like twilight stars dilate,
+        The less the light, the larger grows their state;
+        Thus the first error in that savage air,
+        Spreads as a flame, and leaves a ruin there.
+        Too dearly generous and too warmly true,[19]
+        The simple black wears out the fatal clew,--
+        From barter flies to trade; from trade to wants;
+        From wants to interests and derided haunts;
+        Thence, rolls from off the once-sequestered shore,
+        The turgid tide of havoc and of war;
+        No warning ringing from the red adunes,
+        No prophets rising, and no Laocoons,
+        Remotest tribes the baleful influence own;
+        Feel to extremes, and at their centres groan.
+        Now laughs the stranger at their anguished throes,[20]
+        Feeds on their ills, and battens on their woes;
+        Glads his freed conscience at each pillaged mine,
+        And finds forgiveness at a Christian shrine;
+        By specious creeds and sophists darkly taught,[21]
+        To semble virtue and dissemble thought,
+        With Saviour-seeming smile, adds fuel to the flame,--
+        Ulysses' craft, without Ulysses' aim,--
+        And sadly faithful to his dark designs,
+        Fiction improves; heroic rage refines;
+        For lo! Achilles, victor of the train!
+        Draws Hector lifeless, round the Ilian plain;
+        But ah! these later Greeks more cruel strive,
+        And bind their victim to the load alive!
+
+          Oh, beats there, Heaven, beneath thy gorgeous blue,
+        One heart so basely to itself untrue,
+        So dead of pulse, and so insensate grown,
+        It feels not such a cause dear as its own?
+        Dwells there a being 'neath thine eye, oh, God!
+        A fellow-worm from out the self-same clod,
+        Whose fevered blood does not impatient boil,
+        Fierce as a tiger's in the hunter's toil,
+        To see degenerate men and States prolong,
+        So foul a deed--so thrice accursed a wrong?
+        Tell me, ye loud-voiced winds that ceaseless roll,
+        Eternal miracles from pole to pole,
+        Breathes there on earth so vile and mean a thing
+        That crushed, it will not turn again and sting?
+        And say! ye tyrants in your boasted halls,
+        Read ye no warnings on your darkened walls?
+        Hear ye no seeming mutterings of the cloud
+        Break from the millions which your steps have bowed?
+        Think ye, ye hold in your ignoble thrall,
+        Mind, soul, thought, taste, hope, feeling, valor, all?
+        No; these unfettered scorn your nerveless hand,
+        Sport at their will, and scoff at your command,
+        Range through arcades of shadow-brooding palms,
+        Snuff their free airs and breathe their floating balms,
+        Or bolder still, on fancy's fiery wing--[22]
+        Caught from their letters at the noon-day spring--
+        With star-eyed science, and her seraph train
+        Read the bright secrets of yon azure plain;
+        Hear Loxian murmurs in Rhodolphe's caves[23]
+        Meet with sweet answers from the nymph-voiced waves;
+        Sit with the pilot at Phoenicia's helm,
+        And mark the boundries of the Lybian realm;
+        See swarthy Memnon in the grave debate,
+        Dispute with gods, and rule a conqu'ring state,
+        And warmly and kindling dare--yes, _dare_ to hope,
+        A second Empire on the future's scope!
+
+          And thou, my country, latest born of time!
+        Dearest of all, of all the most sublime!
+        How long shall patriots own, with blush of shame,
+        So foul a blot upon so fair a name?
+        How long thy sons with filial hearts deplore,
+        A Python evil on thy Cyprean shore?
+        What! and wilt thou, the moral Hercules
+        Whose youth eclipsed the dream of Pericles,
+        Whose trunceant bands heroically caught,
+        The Spartan phalanx with the Attic thought,
+        The wizard throne of age-nursed error hurled,
+        Defied a tyrant and transfixed a world!
+        Wilt _thou_ see Afric like old Priam sue,
+        The bones of children as in nature due,
+        And foully craven, ingrate-like forget,
+        Thy life, thy learning's her dishonored debt?
+        Say; wilt not _thou_, whose time-ennobling sons--
+        Thy Jay's, thy Franklin's and thy Washington's,
+        Caught the bright cestus from fair freedom's God,
+        And bound it as a girdle to thy sod;
+        Ah! wilt not thou with generous mind confess
+        The might of woe, the strength of helplessness?
+        High-Heaven's almoner to a world oppressed,
+        Who in the march of nations led the rest![24]
+        Will there no Gracchus in _thy_ Senate stand
+        And speak the words that millions should command?
+        No Clysthementhe 'neath thy broad arched dome,
+        Predict the fortunes with the crimes of Rome?
+        Shall time yet partial in his cycling course,
+        Bring thee no Fox, no Pitt, no Wilberforce?
+        Still must thou live and corybantic die,
+        A traceless meteor in a clouding sky;
+        Thy name a cheat; thyself, a world-wide lie?
+        No; there will come, prophetic hearts may trust,
+        Some embryo angel of superior dust,
+        With brow of cloud and tongue of livid flame--
+        Another Moses, but in time and name--
+        Whose Heaven-appealing voice shall bid thee pass--
+        On either hand a wall of living glass;--
+        Ope for the Lybian with convulsive shock
+        His more than Horeb's adamantine rock,
+        And gazing from some second Pisgah, see
+        Thy idol broken and thy people free.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William D. Snow]
+
+RICHMOND, Dec. 1st, 1853.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[7]    "Ye Christian _Bondous_ who of feeling boast!"
+
+Unable in the whole range of my vernacular, to find an epithet
+sufficiently expressive to enunciate the aggravated contempt which all
+feel for that pseudonymous class of philanthropists, who flauntingly
+parade a pompous sympathy with popular and distant distresses, but
+studiously cultivate a coarse ignorance of, and hauteur to, the
+Greeks, which "are at the door," I have had recource to the Metonymy,
+_Bondou_, as rendered mournfully significant through the melancholy
+fate of the illustrious Houghton.--Vide _Report African Discovery
+Society_.
+
+[8]    "Contemn a Marius' or a Scylla's ire."
+
+Napoleon in his protest to Lord Bathurst, provoked by the petty
+tyranny of Sir Hudson Lowe, said of the "Proscriptions," and (by
+negative inference) in extenuation of them, that they "_were made with
+the blood yet fresh upon the sword_." A sentence, which, falling from
+the lips of one of the most imperturbably cool and calculating of
+mankind, under circumstances superinducing peculiar reflection on
+every word uttered, cannot but come with the force of a whole volume
+of excoriative evidence against the demoralization of war, even upon
+the most abstracted and elevated natures.--Vide _Letters of Montholon
+and Las Cases_.
+
+[9]    "Weep o'er an Agis' or Jugurtha's fate."
+
+Agis, King of Lacedemon and colleague of Leonidas, was a youth of
+singular purity and promise. Aiming to correct the abuses which had
+crept into the Spartan polity, he introduced regenerative laws. Among
+others, one for the equalization of property, and as an example of
+disinterested liberality, shared his estate with the community.
+Unappreciated by the degenerated Senate however, he was deposed, and,
+with his whole family, strangled by order of the ingrate
+State.--_Edin. Encyc._
+
+It is said that when Jugurtha was led before the ear of the conquerer,
+he lost his senses. After the triumph he was thrown into prison,
+where, whilst they were in haste to strip him, some tore his robes off
+his back, and others, catching eagerly at his pendants, pulled off the
+tips of his ears with them. When he was thrust down naked into the
+dungeon, all wild and confused, he said, with a frantic smile,
+"Heavens! how cold is this bath of yours!" There struggling for six
+days with starvation, and to the last hour laboring for the
+preservation of his life, he came to his end.--_Plut. Cai. Mar._
+
+[10]    "Breathes the warm odor which the _girgir_ bears,"
+
+The girgir, or the _geshe el aube_, a species of flowering grass.
+Piercing, fragrant, and grateful in its odor, it operates not unlike a
+mild stimulant, when respired for any length of time, and is found
+chiefly near the borders of small streams and in the vicinage of the
+Tassada.--_Lyn. Gui. and Soud._
+
+[11]    "Where browse the _fecho_ and the dun-gazelle."
+
+Among the wild animals are prodigious numbers of the vari-colored
+species of the gazelle, the bohur sassa, fecho, and madoqua. They are
+extremely numerous in the provinces depopulated _by war and slavery_,
+enjoying the wild oats of the deserted hamlets without fear of
+molestation from a returning population.--_Notes on Central Africa._
+
+[12]    "And wiser than Athenas' wisest schools,
+        Nor led by zealots, nor scholastic rules,
+        Gazed at the stars which stud yon tender blue,
+        And hoped and deemed the cheat of death untrue."
+
+Though Socrates and Plato, particularly the former, are generally
+admitted by writers of authority, among whom, indeed, are Polycarpe,
+Chrysotom, and Eusebius, to have in a manner _suspected_ rather than
+believed, the immortality of the soul; yet we have no evidence of
+their ever having, by the finest process of ratiocination, so
+thoroughly convinced themselves as to introduce it generally as a
+tenable thesis on the portico. A beautiful thread of implicit belief
+and fervent hope, of after life, assimilating to the hunting-ground of
+our own American Indians, and though sensuous still, a step far in
+advance of the black void of ancient philosophy, has always run
+through the higher mythologies of the Negro. So notorious, indeed, was
+the fact among early Christians, that that ubiquitous riddle, "Prestor
+John," was, by believers, regarded as having a _locale_ in Central
+Africa; while Henry of Portugal actually despatched two ambassadors,
+Corvilla and Payvan, to a rumored Christian court, south of the
+Sahara.--_Edin. Encyc. Early Chris. His. Port._
+
+[13]    "Yet supple sophist to a plastic mind,
+        Sees gods in woods, and spirits in the wind."
+
+The imagination of the African, like his musical genius, which
+extracts surprising harmony from the rudest of sources, the clapping
+of hands, the clanking of chains, the resonance of lasso wood, and
+perforated shells, seems to invest everything with a resident spirit
+of peculiar power. Accordingly, his mythologies are most numerous and
+poetical--his entire catalogue of superior gods alone, embracing a
+more extended length than the Assyro-Babylon Alphabet, with its three
+hundred letters.
+
+[14]    "The vengeful causes and the deed forgot."
+
+All travellers agree in the facile ductility and inertia-like
+amiability of the native African character.--BREWSTER _on Africa._
+
+[15]    "The merry numbers of his crisp-haired crew."
+
+The negro race is, perhaps, the most prolific of all the human
+species. Their infancy and youth are singularly happy. The parents are
+passionately fond of their children.--GOLDBURY'S _Travels._
+
+"Strike me," said my attendant, "but do not curse my mother." The same
+sentiment I found universally to prevail.
+
+Some of the first lessons in which the Mandings women instruct their
+children is the _practice of truth_. It was the only consolation for a
+negro mother, whose son had been murdered by the Moors, that "_the boy
+had never told a lie_."--PARK'S _Travels._
+
+[16]    "With all the father sees each form retire,
+        A ruthless heathen, but a loving sire."
+
+        "Or led the combat, bold without a plan,
+        An artless savage, but a fearless man."
+                                  CAMPBELL.
+
+[17]    "Till lured by wealth the hardy Portuguese,
+        Sought the green waters of his Eastern seas,
+        And venturous nations more excursive grown,
+        Pierced his glad coast from radiant zone to zone."
+
+Vasquez de Gama, a Portuguese nobleman, was the first to discover a
+maritime passage to the Indies; unless, perhaps, we credit the
+improbable achievement of the Phoenicians, related by Herodotus as
+occurring, 604 B.C.
+
+De Gama doubled the cape in 1498, explored the eastern shores as far
+as Melinda, in Zanguebar, and sailing thence arrived at Calcutta in
+May. This expedition, second to none in its results, save that of
+Columbus six years before, drew the attention of all Europe. Whole
+nations became actuated by the same enthusiasm, and private companies
+of merchants sent out whole fleets on voyages of discovery, scouring
+the entire coast from Cape Verd to Gaudfui, and discovering the
+Mascharenhas and most of the islands of the Ethiopean Archipelago.
+
+[18]    "Cheats his own nature and now generous grown,
+        Dispenses realms and empires not his own."
+
+Charles V. granted a patent _to one of his Flemish favorites_,
+containing an exclusive right to import four thousand negroes!--_Hist.
+Slavery_.
+
+The crime of having _first_ recommended the importation of African
+slaves into America, _is due to the Flemish nobility_, who obtained a
+monopoly of four thousand negroes, which they sold to some Genoese
+merchants for 25,000 ducats.--_Life of Cardinal Ximenes_.
+
+They (the Genoese) were the first to bring into a regular form, that
+commerce for slaves, between Africa and America, which has since grown
+to such an amazing extent.--_Robertson._
+
+[19]    "Too warmly generous and dearly true,
+         The simple black," &c.
+
+It will remain an indelible reproach on the name of Europeans, that
+for more than three centuries their intercourse with the Africans has
+only tended to destroy their happiness and debase their
+character.--_Edin. Ency._
+
+[20]    "Now laughs the stranger at their anguished throes."
+
+The arts of the slave-merchant have inflamed the hostility of their
+various tribes, and heightened their ferocity by sedulously increasing
+their wars.--_Ibid._
+
+[21]    "By specious creeds and sophists darkly taught."
+
+Hamlet's advice to his offending mother;--
+
+        "Assume a virtue, tho' you have it not."
+
+Adding hypocrisy to avowed unworthiness, was the acknowledged
+injunction of the church, wherever and whenever she participated in
+secular affairs, with a view of emolument. For a peculiar illustration
+of this favorite doctrine, see Clement VI.'s edict, when, in virtue of
+the right arrogated by the holy see _to dispose of all countries
+belonging to the heathen_, he erected (1344) the Canaries into a
+kingdom, and disposed of them to Lewis de la Corda, a prince of
+Castile.
+
+[22]    "Or bolder still on fancy's fiery wing."
+
+That I do not exaggerate the _belle lettres_ and classical
+accomplishments of at least two of the "chattels" of the "peculiar
+institution," in the lines following the above, see "Poems written by
+Rosa and Maria," _property_ of South Carolina, and published in 1834.
+
+[23]    "Hear _Loxian_ murmurs in Rhodolphe's caves."
+
+Loxian is a name frequently given to Apollo by Greek writers and is
+met with, more than once, in the "Choephor� of Eschylus."--_Campbell._
+
+Euripides mentions it three times, and Sophocles twice, its euphony
+recommends it more than any other name of the fair-haired god.
+
+[24]    "And in the march of nations led the _van_."
+                                            _Campbell_
+
+
+[Illustration: Henry Ward Beecher. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+Letter
+
+
+                                   BROOKLYN, December 6th, 1853.
+
+Dear Sir,--
+
+Your note of November 29th, requesting a line from me for the
+Autographs for Freedom, is received.
+
+I wish that I had something that would add to the literary value of
+your laudable enterprise. In so great a cause as that of human
+liberty, every great interest in society ought to have a voice and a
+decisive testimony. Art should be in sympathy with freedom and
+literature, and all human learning should speak with _unmistakable_
+accents for the elevation, evangelization, and liberation of the
+oppressed. In a future day, the historian cannot purge our political
+history from the shame of wanton and mercenary oppression. But there
+is not, I believe, a book in the literature of our country that will
+be alive and known a hundred years hence, in which can be found the
+taint of despotism. The literature of the world is on the side of
+liberty.
+
+                         I am very truly yours,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Henry Ward Beecher]
+
+
+[Illustration: H. B. Stowe (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLAYFORD HALL, SUFFOLK. The seat of Thomas Clarkson,
+Esq.]
+
+
+
+
+A Day spent at Playford Hall.
+
+
+It was a pleasant morning in May,--I believe that is the orthodox way
+of beginning a story,--when C. and I took the cars to go into the
+country to Playford Hall. "And what's Playford Hall?" you say. "And
+why did you go to see it?" As to what it is, here is a reasonably good
+picture before you. As to why, it was for many years the residence of
+Thomas Clarkson, and is now the residence of his venerable widow and
+her family.
+
+Playford Hall is considered, I think, the oldest of the fortified
+houses in England, and is, I am told, the only one that has water in
+the moat. The water which is seen girdling the wall in the picture, is
+the moat; it surrounds the place entirely, leaving no access except
+across the bridge, which is here represented.
+
+After crossing this bridge, you come into a green court-yard, filled
+with choice plants and flowering shrubs, and carpeted with that thick,
+soft, velvet-like grass, which is to be found nowhere else in so
+perfect a state as in England.
+
+The water is fed by a perpetual spring, whose current is so sluggish
+as scarcely to be perceptible, but which yet has the vitality of a
+running stream.
+
+It has a dark and glassy stillness of surface, only broken by the
+forms of the water plants, whose leaves float thickly over it.
+
+The walls of the moat are green with ancient moss, and from the
+crevices springs an abundant flowering vine, whose delicate leaves and
+bright yellow flowers in some places entirely mantled the stones with
+their graceful drapery.
+
+The picture I have given you represents only one side of the moat. The
+other side is grown up with dark and thick shrubbery and ancient
+trees, rising and embowering the whole place, adding to the retired
+and singular effect of the whole. The place is a specimen of a sort of
+thing which does not exist in America. It is one of those significant
+landmarks which unite the present with the past, for which we must
+return to the country of our origin.
+
+Playford Hall is a thing peculiarly English, and Thomas Clarkson, for
+whose sake I visited it, was as peculiarly an Englishman,--a specimen
+of the very best kind of English mind and character, as this is of
+characteristic English architecture.
+
+We Anglo-Saxons have won a hard name in the world. There are
+undoubtedly bad things which are true about us.
+
+Taking our developments as a race, both in England and America, we may
+be justly called the Romans of the nineteenth century. We have been
+the race which has conquered, subdued, and broken in pieces, other
+weaker races, with little regard either to justice or mercy. With
+regard to benefits by us imparted to conquered nations, I think a
+better story, on the whole, can be made out for the Romans than for
+us. Witness the treatment of the Chinese, of the tribes of India, and
+of our own American Indians.
+
+But still there is an Anglo-Saxon blood, a vigorous sense of justice,
+as appears in our Habeas Corpus, our jury trials, and other features
+of State organization, and, when this is tempered in individuals, with
+the elements of gentleness and compassion, and enforced by that
+energy and indomitable perseverance which are characteristic of the
+Anglo-Saxon mind, they form a style of philanthropists peculiarly
+efficient. In short, the Anglo-Saxon is efficient, in whatever he sets
+himself about, whether in crushing the weak, or lifting them up.
+
+Thomas Clarkson was born in a day when good, pious people, imported
+cargoes of slaves from Africa, as one of the regular Christianized
+modes of gaining a subsistence, and providing for them and their
+households. It was a thing that everybody was doing, and everybody
+thought they had a right to do. It was supposed that all the coffee,
+tea, and sugar in the world were dependent on stealing men, women, and
+children, and could be got no other way; and as to consume coffee,
+sugar, rice, and rum, were evidently the chief ends of human
+existence, it followed that men, women, and children, must be stolen
+to the end of time.
+
+Some good people, when they now and then heard an appalling story of
+the cruelties practiced in the slave ship, declared that it was really
+too bad, sympathetically remarked, "What a sorrowful world we live
+in," stirred their sugar into their tea, and went on as before,
+because, what was there to do--hadn't everybody always done it, and if
+they didn't do it, wouldn't somebody else?
+
+It is true that for many years individuals, at different times,
+remonstrated, had written treatises, poems, stories, and movements had
+been made by some religious ladies, particularly the Quakers, but the
+opposition had amounted to nothing practically efficient.
+
+The attention of Clarkson was first turned to the subject by having it
+given out as the theme for a prize composition in his college class,
+he being at that time a sprightly young man, about twenty-four years
+of age. He entered into the investigation with no other purpose than
+to see what he could make of it as a college theme.
+
+He says of himself: "I had expected pleasure from the invention of
+arguments, from the arrangement of them, from the putting of them
+together, and from the thought, in the interim, that I was engaged in
+an innocent contest for literary honor, but all my pleasures were
+damped by the facts, which were now continually before me.
+
+"It was but one gloomy subject from morning till night; in the day
+time I was uneasy, in the night I had little rest, I sometimes never
+closed my eyelids for grief."
+
+It became not now so much a trial for academical reputation as to
+write a work which should be useful to Africa. It is not surprising
+that a work, written under the force of such feelings, should have
+gained the prize, as it did. Clarkson was summoned from London to
+Cambridge, to deliver his prize essay publicly. He says of himself, on
+returning back to London: "The subject of it almost wholly engrossed
+my thoughts. I became at times very seriously affected while on the
+road. I stopped my horse occasionally, dismounted, and walked.
+
+"I frequently tried to persuade myself that the contents of my essay
+could not be true, but the more I reflected on the authorities on
+which they were founded, the more I gave them credit. Coming in sight
+of Wade's Mill, in Hertfordshire, I sat down disconsolate on the turf
+by the roadside, and held my horse. Here a thought came into my mind,
+that if the contents of the essay were true, it was time that somebody
+should see these calamities to an end."
+
+These reflections, as it appears, were put off for awhile, but
+returned again.
+
+This young and noble heart was of a kind that could not comfort itself
+so easily for a brother's sorrow as many do.
+
+He says of himself: "In the course of the autumn of the same year, I
+walked frequently into the woods that I might think of the subject in
+solitude, and find relief to my mind there; but there the question
+still recurred, 'are these things true?' Still the answer followed as
+instantaneously, 'they are;' still the result accompanied it,--surely
+some person should interfere. I began to envy those who had seats in
+Parliament, riches, and widely-extended connections, which would
+enable them to take up this cause.
+
+"Finding scarcely any one, at the time, who thought of it, I was
+turned frequently to myself, but here many difficulties arose. It
+struck me, among others, that a young man only twenty-four years of
+age could not have that solid judgment, or that knowledge of men,
+manners, and things, which were requisite to qualify him to undertake
+a task of such magnitude and importance; and with whom was I to unite?
+I believed, also, that it looked so much like one of the feigned
+labors of Hercules, that my understanding would be suspected, if I
+proposed it."
+
+He however resolved to do something for the cause by translating his
+essay from Latin into English, enlarging and presenting it to the
+public. Immediately on the publication of this essay, he discovered to
+his astonishment and delight, that he was not the only one who had
+been interested in this subject.
+
+Being invited to the house of William Dillwyn, one of these friends to
+the cause, he says: "How surprised was I to learn, in the course of
+our conversation, of the labors of Granville Sharp, of the writings of
+Ramsey, and of the controversy in which the latter was engaged, of all
+which I had hitherto known nothing. How surprised was I to learn that
+William Dillwyn had, himself, two years before, associated himself
+with five others for the purpose of enlightening the public mind on
+this great subject.
+
+"How astonished was I to find, that a society had been formed in
+America for the same object. These thoughts almost overpowered me. My
+mind was overwhelmed by the thought, that I had been providentially
+directed to this house; the finger of Providence was beginning to be
+discernible, and that the day-star of African liberty was rising."
+
+After this he associated with many friends of the cause, and at last
+it became evident that in order to effect anything, he must sacrifice
+all other prospects in life, and devote himself exclusively to this
+work.
+
+He says, after mentioning reasons which prevented all his associates
+from doing this: "I could look, therefore, to no person but myself;
+and the question was, whether I was prepared to make the sacrifice. In
+favor of the undertaking, I urged to myself that never was any cause,
+which had been taken up by man, in any country or in any age, so great
+and important; that never was there one in which so much misery was
+heard to cry for redress; that never was there one in which so much
+good could be done; never one in which the duty of Christian charity
+could be so extensively exercised; never one more worthy of the
+devotion of a whole life towards it; and that, if a man thought
+properly, he ought to rejoice to have been called into existence, if
+he were only permitted to become an instrument in forwarding it in any
+part of its progress.
+
+"Against these sentiments, on the other hand, I had to urge that I
+had been designed for the church; that I had already advanced as far
+as deacon's orders in it; that my prospects there on account of my
+connections were then brilliant; that, by appearing to desert my
+profession, my family would be dissatisfied, if not unhappy. These
+thoughts pressed upon me, and rendered the conflict difficult.
+
+"But the sacrifice of my prospects staggered me, I own, the most. When
+the other objections which I have related, occurred to me, my
+enthusiasm instantly, like a flash of lightning, consumed them; but
+this stuck to me, and troubled me. I had ambition. I had a thirst
+after worldly interest and honors, and I could not extinguish it at
+once. I was more than two hours in solitude under this painful
+conflict. At length I yielded, not because I saw any reasonable
+prospect of success in my new undertaking, for all cool-headed and
+cool-hearted men would have pronounced against it; but in obedience, I
+believe, to a higher Power. And I can say, that both on the moment of
+this resolution, and for some time afterwards, I had more sublime and
+happy feelings than at any former period of my life."
+
+In order to show how this enterprise was looked upon and talked of
+very commonly by the majority of men in these times, we will extract
+the following passage from Boswell's Life of Johnson, in which Bozzy
+thus enters his solemn protest: "The wild and dangerous attempt, which
+has for some time been persisted in, to obtain an act of our
+Legislature, to abolish so very important and necessary a branch of
+commercial interest, must have been crushed at once, had not the
+insignificance of the zealots, who vainly took the lead in it, made
+the vast body of planters, merchants and others, whose immense
+properties are involved in that trade, reasonably enough suppose, that
+there could be no danger. The encouragement which the attempt has
+received, excites my wonder and indignation; and though some men of
+superior abilities have supported it, whether from a love of temporary
+popularity, when prosperous; or a love of general mischief, when
+desperate, my opinion is unshaken.
+
+"To abolish a statute which in all ages God has sanctioned, and man
+has continued, would not only be robbery to an innumerable class of
+our fellow-subjects, but it would be extreme cruelty to the African
+savages, a portion of whom it saves from massacre, or intolerable
+bondage in their own country, and introduces into a much happier
+state of life; especially now, when their passage to the West Indies,
+and their treatment there, is humanely regulated. To abolish this
+trade, would be to
+
+    '---- shut the gates of mercy on mankind.'"
+
+One of the first steps of Clarkson and his associates, was the
+formation of a committee of twelve persons, for the collection and
+dissemination of evidence on the subject.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The contest now began in earnest, a contest as sublime as any the
+world ever saw.
+
+The Abolition controversy more fully aroused the virtue, the talent,
+and the religion of the great English nation, than any other event or
+crisis which ever occurred.
+
+Wilberforce was the leader of the question in Parliament. The other
+members of the Anti-slavery Committee performed those labors which
+were necessary out of it.
+
+This labor consisted principally in the collection of evidence with
+regard to the traffic, and the presentation of it before the public
+mind. In this labor Clarkson was particularly engaged. The subject
+was hemmed in with the same difficulties that now beset the
+Anti-slavery cause in America. Those who knew most about it, were
+precisely those whose interest it was to prevent inquiry. An immense
+moneyed interest was arrayed against investigation, and was determined
+to suppress the agitation of the subject. Owing to this powerful
+pressure, many who were in possession of facts which would bear upon
+this subject, refused to communicate them; and often after a long and
+wearisome journey in search of an individual who could throw light
+upon the subject, Clarkson had the mortification to find his lips
+sealed by interest or timidity. As usual, the cause of oppression was
+defended by the most impudent lying; the slave-trade was asserted to
+be the latest revised edition of philanthropy. It was said that the
+poor African, the slave of miserable oppression in his own country,
+was wafted by it to an asylum in a Christian land; that the middle
+passage was to the poor negro a perfect elysium, infinitely happier
+than anything he had ever known in his own country. All this was said
+while manacles, and hand-cuffs, and thumb-screws, and instruments to
+force open the mouth, were a regular part of the stock for a slave
+ship, and were hanging in the shop windows of Liverpool for sale.
+
+For Clarkson's attention was first called to these things by observing
+them in the shop window, and on inquiring the use of one of them, the
+man informed him that many times negroes were sulky and tried to
+starve themselves to death, and this instrument was used to force open
+their jaws.
+
+Of Clarkson's labor in this investigation some idea may be gathered
+from his own words, when stating that for a season he was compelled to
+retire from the cause, he thus speaks. "As far as I myself was
+concerned, all exertion was then over. The nervous system was almost
+shattered to pieces. Both my memory and my hearing failed me. Sudden
+dizzinesses seized my head. A confused singing in the ear followed me
+wherever I went. On going to bed the very stairs seemed to dance up
+and down under me, so that, misplacing my foot, I sometimes fell.
+Talking, too, if it continued but half an hour, exhausted me so that
+profuse perspirations followed, and the same effect was produced even
+by an active exertion of the mind for the like time.
+
+These disorders had been brought on by degrees, in consequence of the
+severe labors necessarily attached to the promotion of the cause. For
+seven years I had a correspondence to maintain with four hundred
+persons, with my own hand; I had some book or other annually to write
+in behalf of the cause. In this time I had traveled more than
+thirty-five thousand miles in search of evidence, and a great part of
+these journeys in the night. All this time my mind had been on the
+stretch. It had been bent too to this one subject, for I had not even
+leisure to attend to my own concerns. The various instances of
+barbarity which had come successively to my knowledge within this
+period, had vexed, harrassed, and afflicted it. The wound which these
+had produced was rendered still deeper by those cruel disappointments
+before related, which arose from the reiterated refusals of persons to
+give their testimony, after I had traveled hundreds of miles in quest
+of them. But the severest stroke was that inflicted by the
+persecution, begun and pursued by persons interested in the
+continuance of the trade, of such witnesses as had been examined
+against them; and whom, on account of their dependent situation in
+life, it was most easy to oppress. As I had been the means of bringing
+these forward on these occasions, they naturally came to me, when
+thus persecuted, as the author of their miseries and their ruin. From
+their supplications and wants it would have been ungenerous and
+ungrateful to have fled. These different circumstances, by acting
+together, had at length brought me into the situation just mentioned;
+and I was therefore obliged, though very reluctantly, to be borne out
+of the field, where I had placed the great honor and glory of my
+life."
+
+I may as well add here that a Mr. Whitbread, to whom Clarkson
+mentioned this latter cause of distress, generously offered to repair
+the pecuniary losses of all who had suffered in this cause. One
+anecdote will be a specimen of the energy with which Clarkson pursued
+evidence. It had been very strenuously asserted and maintained that
+the subjects of the slave trade were only such unfortunates as had
+become prisoners of war, and who, if not carried out of the country in
+this manner, would be exposed to death or some more dreadful doom in
+their own country. This was one of those stories which nobody
+believed, and yet was particularly useful in the hands of the
+opposition, because it was difficult legally to disprove it. It was
+perfectly well known that in very many cases slavetraders made direct
+incursions into the country, kidnapped, and carried off the
+inhabitants of whole villages, but the question was, how to establish
+it? A gentleman whom Clarkson accidentally met on one of his journeys,
+informed him that he had been in company, about a year before, with a
+sailor, a very respectable looking young man, who had actually been
+engaged in one of these expeditions; he had spent half an hour with
+him at an inn; he described his person, but knew nothing of his name
+or the place of his abode, all he knew was that he belonged to a ship
+of war in ordinary, but knew nothing of the port. Clarkson determined
+that this man should be produced as a witness, and knew no better way
+than to go personally to all the ships in ordinary, until the
+individual was found. He actually visited every sea-port town, and
+boarded every ship, till in the very _last_ port and on the very
+_last_ ship which remained, the individual was found, and found to be
+possessed of just the facts and information which were necessary. By
+the labors of Clarkson and his contemporaries an incredible excitement
+was produced throughout all England. The pictures and models of slave
+ships, accounts of the cruelties practised in the trade, were
+circulated with an industry which left not a man, woman, or child in
+England uninstructed. In disseminating information, and in awakening
+feeling and conscience, the women of England were particularly
+earnest, and labored with that whole-hearted devotion which
+characterizes the sex.
+
+It seems that after the committee had published the facts, and sent
+them to every town in England, Clarkson followed them up by journeying
+to all the places, to see that they were read and attended to. Of the
+state of feeling at this time, Clarkson gives the following account:
+
+"And first I may observe, that there was no town through which I
+passed, in which there was not some one individual who had left off
+the use of sugar. In the smaller towns there were from ten to fifty,
+by estimation, and in the larger, from two to five hundred, who made
+this sacrifice to virtue. These were of all ranks and parties. Rich
+and poor, churchmen and dissenters had adopted the measure. Even
+grocers had left off trading in the article in some places. In
+gentlemen's families, where the master had set the example, the
+servants had often voluntarily followed it; and even children, who
+were capable of understanding the history of the sufferings of the
+Africans, excluded with the most virtuous resolution the sweets, to
+which they had been accustomed, from their lips. By the best
+computation I was able to make, from notes taken down in my journey,
+no fewer than three hundred thousand persons had abandoned the use of
+sugar." It was the reality, depth, and earnestness of the public
+feeling, thus aroused, which pressed with resistless force upon the
+government; for the government of England yields to popular demands,
+quite as readily as that of America.
+
+After years of protracted struggle, the victory was at last won. The
+slave-trade was finally abolished through all the British empire; and
+not only so, but the English nation committed, with the whole force of
+its national influence, to seek the abolition of the slave-trade in
+all the nations of the earth. But the wave of feeling did not rest
+there; the investigations had brought before the English conscience
+the horrors and abominations of slavery itself, and the agitation
+never ceased till slavery was finally abolished through all the
+British provinces. At this time the religious mind and conscience of
+England gained, through this very struggle, a power which it never has
+lost. The principle adopted by them was the same so sublimely adopted
+by the church in America, in reference to the Foreign Missionary
+cause: "The field is the world." They saw and felt that as the example
+and practice of England had been powerful in giving sanction to this
+evil, and particularly in introducing it into America, that there was
+the greatest reason why she should never intermit her efforts till the
+wrong was righted throughout the earth.
+
+Clarkson to his last day never ceased to be interested in the subject,
+and took the warmest interest in all movements for the abolition of
+slavery in America.
+
+One of his friends, during my visit at this place, read me a
+manuscript letter from him, written at a very advanced age, in which
+he speaks with the utmost ardor and enthusiasm of the first
+anti-slavery movements of Cassius Clay in Kentucky. The same friend
+described him to me as a cheerful, companionable being,--frank and
+simple-hearted, and with a good deal of quiet humor.
+
+It is remarkable of him that with such intense feeling for human
+suffering as he had, and worn down and exhausted as he was, by the
+dreadful miseries and sorrows with which he was constantly obliged to
+be familiar, he never yielded to a spirit of bitterness or
+denunciation.
+
+The narrative which he gives is as calm and unimpassioned, and as free
+from any trait of this kind, as the narrative of the evangelist.
+
+I have given this sketch of what Clarkson did, that you may better
+appreciate the feelings with which I visited the place.
+
+The old stone house, the moat, the draw-bridge, all spoke of days of
+violence long gone by, when no man was safe except within fortified
+walls, and every man's house literally had to be his castle.
+
+To me it was interesting as the dwelling of a conqueror, as one who
+had not wrestled with flesh and blood merely, but with principalities
+and powers, and the rulers of the darkness of this world, and who had
+overcome, as his great Master did before him, by faith, and prayer,
+and labor.
+
+We were received with much cordiality by the widow of Clarkson, now in
+her eighty-fourth year. She has been a woman of great energy and
+vigor, and an efficient co-laborer in his plans of benevolence.
+
+She is now quite feeble. I was placed under the care of a respectable
+female servant, who forthwith installed me in a large chamber
+overlooking the court-yard, which had been Clarkson's own room; the
+room where for years, many of his most important labors had been
+conducted, and from whence his soul had ascended to the reward of the
+just.
+
+The servant who attended me seemed to be quite a superior woman; like
+many of the servants in respectable English families. She had grown up
+in the family, and was identified with it; its ruling aims and
+purposes had become hers. She had been the personal attendant of
+Clarkson, and his nurse during his last sickness; she had evidently
+understood, and been interested in his plans, and the veneration with
+which she therefore spoke of him, had the sanction of intelligent
+appreciation.
+
+A daughter of Clarkson, who was married to a neighboring clergyman,
+with her husband, was also present on this day.
+
+After dinner we rode out to see the old church, in hose enclosure the
+remains of Clarkson repose. It was just such a still, quiet, mossy old
+church, as you have read of in story-books, with the grave-yard spread
+all around it, like a thoughtful mother, who watches the resting of
+her children.
+
+The grass in the yard was long and green, and the daisy, which in
+other places lies like a little button on the ground, here had a
+richer fringe of crimson, and a stalk about six inches high. It is, I
+well know, the vital influence from the slumbering dust beneath, which
+gives the richness to this grass and these flowers; but let not that
+be a painful thought; let it rather cheer us, that beauty should
+spring from ashes, and life smile brighter from the near presence of
+death. The grave of Clarkson was near the church, enclosed by a
+railing and marked by a simple white marble slab; it was carefully
+tended and planted with flowers. In the church was an old book of
+records, and among other curious inscriptions, was one recording how a
+pious committee of old Noll's army had been there, knocking off
+saints' noses, and otherwise purging the church from the relics of
+idolatry.
+
+Near by the church was the parsonage, the home of my friends, a neat,
+pleasant, sequestered dwelling, of about the style of a New England
+country parsonage.
+
+The effect of the whole together was inexpressibly beautiful to me.
+For a wonder, it was a pleasant day, and this is a thing always to be
+thankfully acknowledged in England. The calm stillness of the
+afternoon, the seclusion of the whole place, the silence only broken
+by the cawing of the rooks, the ancient church, the mossy graves with
+their flowers and green grass, the sunshine and the tree shadows, all
+seemed to mingle together in a kind of hazy dream of peacefulness and
+rest. How natural it is to say of some place sheltered, simple, cool,
+and retired, here one might find peace, as if peace came from without,
+and not from within. In the shadiest and stillest places may be the
+most turbulent hearts, and there are hearts which, through the busiest
+scenes, carry with them unchanging peace. As we were walking back, we
+passed many cottages of the poor.
+
+I noticed, with particular pleasure, the invariable flower garden
+attached to each. Some pansies in one of them attracted my attention
+by their peculiar beauty, so very large and richly colored. On being
+introduced to the owner of them, she, with cheerful alacrity, offered
+me some of the finest. I do not doubt of there being suffering and
+misery in the agricultural population of England, but still there are
+multitudes of cottages, which are really very pleasant objects, as
+were all these. The cottagers had that bright, rosy look of health
+which we seldom see in America, and appeared to be both polite and
+self-respecting.
+
+In the evening we had quite a gathering of friends from the
+neighborhood--intelligent, sensible, earnest, people--who had grown up
+in the love of the anti-slavery cause as into religion. The subject of
+conversation was: "The duty of English people to free themselves from
+any participation in American slavery, by taking means to encourage
+the production of free cotton in the British provinces."
+
+It is no more impossible or improbable that something effective may be
+done in this way, than that the slave-trade should have been
+abolished. Every great movement seems an impossibility at first. There
+is no end to the number of things declared and proved impossible,
+which have been done already, so that this may do something yet.
+
+Mrs. Clarkson had retired from the room early; after a while she sent
+for me to her sitting-room. The faithful attendant of whom I spoke was
+with her. She wished to show me some relics of her husband, his watch
+and seals, some of his papers and manuscripts; among these was the
+identical prize essay with which he began his career, and a
+commentary on the Gospels, which he had written with great care, for
+the use of his grandson. His seal attracted my attention--it was that
+kneeling figure, of the negro, with clasped hands, which was at first
+adopted as the badge of the cause, when every means was being made use
+of to arouse the public mind and keep the subject before the
+attention. Mr. Wedgewood, the celebrated porcelain manufacturer,
+designed a cameo, with this representation, which was much worn as an
+ornament by ladies. It was engraved on the seal of the Anti-Slavery
+Society, and was used by its members in sealing all their letters.
+This of Clarkson's was handsomely engraved on a large, old-fashioned
+cornelian, and surely if we look with emotion on the sword of a
+departed hero, which, at best, we can consider only as a necessary
+evil, we may look with unmingled pleasure on this memorial of a
+bloodless victory.
+
+When I retired to my room for the night I could not but feel that the
+place was hallowed--unceasing prayer had there been offered for the
+enslaved and wronged race of Africa by that noble and brotherly heart.
+I could not but feel that that those prayers had had a wider reach
+than the mere extinction of slavery in one land or country, and that
+their benign influence would not cease till not a slave was left upon
+the face of the earth.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) H. B. Stowe]
+
+
+
+
+Teaching the Slave to Read.
+
+
+Much has been discussed and written, both at the North and South,
+concerning the policy and propriety of permitting those in bondage to
+gain the rudiments of a common education.
+
+Many who _conscientiously_ (for having lived among them, I do believe
+that there _are_ "conscientious" slave-owners) hold their laborers in
+servitude, believe that the experiment might be successfully tried.
+Indeed, it is often tried on plantations, even in States where the law
+enforces strict penalties against it. They believe that the slaves, if
+permitted to learn to read, would be more moral, faithful and
+obedient; and they cannot reconcile it with their sense of duty to
+keep from them the perusal of the Bible.
+
+The majority, however, think differently; and the majority will always
+make the laws. _They_ believe that there is a talismanic power in
+even the alphabet of knowledge, to arouse in the bondsman powers which
+they would crush for ever. They believe that one truth leads on to
+another, and that the mind, once aroused to inquiry, will never rest
+until it has found out its native independence of man's dominion. They
+point triumphantly, in proof of the policy of their system, to the
+"spoiled slave," as they term many of those in whose training the
+opposite course has been pursued. More trouble, vexation, and
+insubordination, they confidently allege, has been caused by
+permitting slaves to learn to read, than by any other indulgence.
+
+It may be so; it is certain that, in many instances, masters have
+failed to win the gratitude to which they thought themselves justly
+entitled, for their kindness and care. They have found their servants
+growing discontented and idle, where they hoped to make them docile
+and happy. Searching for the cause of this, they perhaps turn upon the
+course of training they have followed, and accuse it of being opposed
+to the best interests of the slave. Could such reasoners but look upon
+the matter in its true perspective, they would cease to wonder that
+"good" should, in their view, "work out evil." _Learning_ and
+_Slavery_ can never compromise; they are as the antagonistic poles of
+the magnet.
+
+In the first place, Slavery blunts the mind, and renders it, in its
+early years, unsusceptible to those impressions which are generally so
+lasting, when made upon youthful minds. Many who have tried to educate
+colored children, have been led to accuse _the race_ of natural
+inferiority in its capacity to gain knowledge. We have no right to
+draw _that_ inference from the few attempts which have been made on a
+part of the race whose mental faculties have, through many
+generations, been crippled by disuse.
+
+I had once under my charge, for a short time, a negro girl, born in
+Africa--"Margru" of the "Armistad," with whose history most are
+familiar. On _her_ ancestory hung no clog of depression, except that
+of native wildness. There was no lack of aptitude to learn in her
+case. She astonished all by the ease with which she acquired
+knowledge, particularly in mathematical science. That a native heathen
+should be a better recipient of knowledge than one brought up in the
+midst of American civilization, speaks well for "the race," but ill
+for "the system," which has trained the latter.
+
+Not only is this native dulness to be overcome, but _time_ for study
+is to be found--time enough for the faculties to unbend from the
+pressure of labor, and fix themselves upon the mental task. This is
+what few employers consider themselves able to afford. Once a week, in
+their opinion, is quite often enough for the slave to repeat his
+lesson; and through the week he may forget it. No wonder that both the
+indulgent master and the teacher--yes, and the learner, too, often
+become discouraged, and give up the task before the Word of God is
+unlocked to "the poor," for whom it was expressly written!
+
+I speak as one who has _felt_ these obstacles, having, with the
+approval of one of the class to whom I have alluded, taken charge of a
+Sunday school among his servants. More attentive and grateful pupils I
+never had, but it has pained my heart to feel the difficulty of
+leading them even to the _threshold_ of knowledge; and there leaveing
+them!
+
+In an adjoining household, however, it was still worse. George, a
+light-colored "boy" of twenty-five, the "factotum" of his mistress,
+was the husband of our cook, Letty. I had succeeded in taking Letty
+through several chapters in the New Testament, and this had aroused
+the ambition of George.
+
+"What do you think?" exclaimed one of the family to me, one morning;
+"Mrs. ---- has been _whipping_ George!"
+
+"Why! for what could that have been? I thought he was a favorite
+servant!"
+
+"For taking lessons of Letty in the spelling-book!"
+
+It was even so. The poor fellow wanted to learn to stammer in his
+Testament, and Letty, like any true-hearted wife, had given him the
+little assistance she could render. The whipping failed of its
+intended effect, however. Going one evening, at a late hour, into
+Letty's cabin, I found George seated by her on the floor, in the
+corner of their mud fire-place, poring intently over the forbidden
+spelling-book! He started up confused, but seeing who it was, he was
+reassured, and went on with his lesson! Whether George, Letty, or any
+of those who have gained the rudiments of science, will be _more
+happy_ in their servitude, is to me exceedingly doubtful. Thus far the
+severer classes of masters have the right; a slave, to be perfectly
+contented _as_ a slave, must be in total ignorance. But better, far
+better, greater suffering, if it bring enlargement of man's higher
+being, than that system that would _smother_ the soul in its bodily
+case. Let the slave have the key to the gate of Life Eternal, even if
+his pathway through this life must be more thickly sown with thorns.
+Let the opposing principles wage, until the right of _one_ is
+asserted. And, oh! above all pray for the day when these fetters shall
+be stricken from the souls God has created, wherewith to people, we
+firmly trust, no mean "tabernacle" of His New Jerusalem!
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Mary Irving]
+
+THIBODAUX, Nov. 25, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+FUN-JOTTINGS;
+
+OR,
+
+LAUGHS I HAVE TAKEN A PEN TO!
+
+BY N. P. WILLIS
+
+The Most Popular Author Before the Public!
+
+ONE VOLUME 12MO. MUSLIN--PRICE $1.25.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOURTH THOUSAND IN SIXTY DAYS!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & Co., Auburn, N. Y.,     }
+                                             } Publishers.
+  WANZER, BEARDSLEY & Co., Rochester, N. Y., }
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Extracts from Notices of the Press.
+
+"From the title of the volume one would suppose that it was made up
+exclusively of funny anecdotes and amusing stories. Such, however, is
+not the fact. Many incidents narrated in the book, will be read with
+other feelings than those inspired by the perusal of laughable
+anecdotes. But they, as well as the _real_ 'Fun-Jottings,' will be
+perused with interest. The work is written in Willis' peculiar and
+happy style. It will unquestionably meet with a wide sale. It is
+printed in the best style of the art, and handsomely bound."--_Auburn
+Daily Adv._
+
+"Some twenty choice love stories, all ending in fun, and redolent with
+mirth, are related with humor and sentiment, which are decidedly
+captivating."--_Syracuse Journal._
+
+"These Fun Jottings' embrace the best of Willis' livelier efforts. * *
+* The most clever, graphic, and entertaining sketches ever produced in
+this country."--_Boston Post._
+
+"It is a good book, and will be read by thousands."--_Chicago
+Journal_.
+
+"Some of Mr. Willis' happiest hits and most graceful specimens of
+compositions are here included."--_N. Y. Evangelist._
+
+"Fresh, lively, gay, and gossipping, these 'Fun Jottings' deservedly
+merit the enduring garb in which they appear."--_Home Gazette_.
+
+"One of Willis' pleasant books, in which the reader is always sure to
+find entertainment."--_Philadelphia Mirror_.
+
+"The contents are better than the title."--_N. Y. Tribune_.
+
+"A volume of light sketches, written in Mr. Willis' most amusing
+style, and will be read by everybody."--_Detroit Advertiser_.
+
+"It contains the best specimen of the prose writings of Mr.
+Willis."--_Montgomery Gazette_.
+
+"The book is entertaining and spicy--just the kind of reading to
+keep one 'wide awake' during the long nights that are now
+approaching."--_Phil. News_.
+
+"For laughter without folly, for a specific in innocent mirthfulness
+against _ennui_ and _hypo_--as a cordial to the animal spirits when
+drooping with care or flagging with excess of labor--this volume of
+'Fun-Jottings' bears the palm."--_N. Y. Independent_.
+
+"It is funny and fascinating--a collection of Willis' dashing
+sketches--half comic, half pathetic."--_Cincinnati Herald_.
+
+"Mr. Willis' reputation as a story writer, has long been well
+established, and lovers of this kind of reading will find a rich
+entertainment in this volume."--_Hartford Times_.
+
+
+
+
+THE FARM AND THE FIRESIDE;
+
+OR,
+
+THE ROMANCE OF AGRICULTURE,
+
+BEING
+
+HALF HOURS OF LIFE IN THE COUNTRY, FOR RAINY DAYS AND WINTER EVENINGS.
+
+
+BY REV. JOHN L. BLAKE, D. D.
+
+AUTHOR OF FARMER'S EVERY-DAY BOOK; THE FARMER AT HOME; AND A GENERAL
+BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COMMENDATIONS OF THE PERIODICAL PRESS.
+
+
+From the Ohio Farmer.
+
+DR. BLAKE is justly regarded as one of the best agricultural writers
+in the country, and the work before us is one of the most interesting
+productions of his pen. Its peculiar merit, as a work for the
+fireside, consists in the variety of its topics, its plain and simple,
+yet attractive style, its fine engravings, and the interesting romance
+which the author has thrown around Rural and Agricultural Life. In
+this respect, "The Farm and the Fireside" is a work well adapted to
+the youthful mind. We hope it may be extensively read, as it cannot
+fail to improve the taste and promote inquiry in the most useful and
+practical of all departments of science.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Evangelist.
+
+The aim of the author has been to throw over labor, home and
+agricultural life, their true dignity and charm; to introduce the
+farmer to the delights and privileges of his lot; to embellish the
+cares of toil with those kindly sentiments so naturally associated
+with the country and its employments. It is a pleasant book--one that
+will enliven the fireside, elevate and purify the thoughts, and, at
+the same time, impart a great deal of valuable agricultural knowledge.
+We know not how the natural trains of thought of the farmer could be
+more aptly met or more safely and agreeably led, than they are by
+these brief and varied discussions. The range is as wide as life
+itself--morals, religion, business, recreation, education, home, wife
+and daughters--every relation and duty is touched upon, genially and
+instinctively.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Tribune.
+
+We have here another highly instructive and entertaining volume from
+an author, who had laid the community under large obligations by the
+enterprise and tact with which he has so frequently catered to the
+popular taste for descriptions of rural life. Its contents are of a
+very miscellaneous character, embracing sketches of natural history,
+accounts of successful farming operations, anecdotes of distinguished
+characters, singular personal reminiscences, pithy moral reflections,
+and numerous pictures of household life in the country. No family can
+add this volume to their collection of books without increasing their
+sources of pleasure and profit.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Northern Christian Advocate.
+
+The venerable author of this work is entitled to the warmest thanks of
+the public for his numerous and valuable contributions to our
+literature. He is truly an American classic. We have been conversant
+with his writings for the last twenty years, and have always found
+them both useful and entertaining in a high degree. His writings on
+Agriculture contain much real science, with numerous illustrative
+incidents, anecdotes, and aphorisms, all in the most lively and
+pleasing manner. By this means the dry details of farming business are
+made to possess all the interest of romance. The style is clear, easy,
+and dignified; the matter instructive, philosophical, and persuasive.
+This work is an eloquent plea for the noble and independent pursuit of
+Agriculture.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the National Magazine.
+
+We return our thanks for the new volume of Dr. Blake, "The Farm and
+the Fireside, or the Romance of Agriculture, being Half Hours and
+Sketches of Life in the Country," a charming title, certainly, and one
+that smacks of the man as well as of the country. Eschewing the
+dryness of scientific forms and erudite details, the author presents
+detached, but most entertaining, and often very suggestive articles on
+a great variety of topics--from the "Wild Goose" to "Conscience in the
+Cow,"--from the "Value of Lawyers in a Community" to the "Objections
+to early Marriages." The book is, in fine, quite unique, and just such
+a one as the farmer would like to pore over at his fireside on long
+winter evenings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Recorder.
+
+"The Farm and the Fireside," is a most interesting and valuable work,
+being a series of Sketches relating to Agriculture and the numerous
+kindred arts and sciences, interspersed with miscellaneous moral
+instruction, adapted to the life of the farmer.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Germantown Telegraph.
+
+We have looked through this work and read some of the "Sketches," and
+feel a degree of satisfaction in saying that it possesses decided
+merit, and will commend itself, wherever known, as a volume of much
+social interest and entertainment. The sketches comprise "Country
+Life" generally--some of them are just sufficiently touched with
+romance to give them additional zest; while others are purely
+practical, and relate to the farmer's pursuit. We regard it as a
+valuable book, and are sorry our limits will not admit of bestowing
+upon it such a notice as it really deserves.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
+
+This work is a collection of miscellaneous sketches on the Romance of
+Agriculture and Rural Life. Matters of fact, however, are not excluded
+from the volume, which is well adapted for reading in the snatches of
+leisure enjoyed at the farmer's fireside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the True Democrat.
+
+Dr. Blake's publications are all of a high order, and are doing a most
+important work towards refining the taste, improving the intellect,
+and rendering attractive the various branches of Agricultural
+science. Indeed we know no author who has so successfully blended the
+romantic, the rural and beautiful with the poetical, the useful, and
+true, as has Dr. Blake. This is a peculiar feature of all his works.
+His style is plain, simple, and perspicuous; and, with unusual tact
+and judgment, he so manages to insinuate himself upon you, that you
+are at once amused, delighted, and instructed with the subject he is
+discussing. In this respect he relieves the study of agricultural
+science from the abstruseness of technical science, and thus renders
+himself easily comprehended by all classes of readers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Evening Post.
+
+The author's object is to improve the soil through the mind--not so
+much to place in the hands of farmers the best methods of raising
+large crops--for these he refers them to Leibig's Agricultural
+Chemistry, and to treatises of the like description--but to make them
+feel how useful, agreeable, and ennobling, is the profession of
+agriculture, and, above all, how profitable the business must become
+when skilfully and economically carried on. These money-making
+considerations are, we suspect, the best moral guano that can be
+applied to the farmer's spiritual soil. The author writes well of the
+countryman's independence, the good effect of fresh salubrious air
+upon his health, and the moral influence of his every-day intimacy
+with nature upon his mind.
+
+"The Farm and the Fireside" is a kind of Bucolical annual--to be read
+in seasons of leisure--intended for the Phyllises and Chloes, as well
+as for the Strephons and Lindors. Dr. Blake has enriched it with
+curious anecdotes of domestic animals, and of the best way of raising
+and selling them. He describes model-farms, and the large incomes made
+from them. He expatiates on the advantages of matrimony in rural life,
+expounds the true theory of choosing a helpmate, discusses the
+advantages of Sunday-Schools, and recommends neatness of attire and
+punctuality in bathing. In short, this volume is as diversified in its
+aspect as the small garden of a judicious cultivator, where, in a
+limited space, useful cabbages, potatoes, and all the solid esculent
+greens, grow side by side with choice fruits and pleasant flowers.
+
+
+
+
+IMMENSE SALE!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LEWIE;
+
+OR,
+
+THE BENDED TWIG!
+
+BY COUSIN CICELY
+
+Author of "SILVER LAKE STORIES."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EIGHTH THOUSAND NOW PRINTING!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NO BOOK sells like it--None so well supplies the demand! Superbly
+Printed and Beautifully Bound.
+
+Price from $1.00 to $1.75, according to style.
+
+  ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & Co., Auburn, N. Y.,     }
+                                             } Publishers.
+  WANZER, BEARDSLEY & Co., Rochester, N. Y., }
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+What the Press Say:
+
+COUSIN CICELY is very industrious--whether in penciling lights or
+shadows, in describing domestic scenery, or inculcating religious
+principles, the fair author possesses a happy facility, so as to
+render her productions alike agreeable and instructive.--_Protestant
+Churchman._
+
+This book is written in a style well calculated to please, and
+contains an inestimable moral--plain, concise, and void of
+superfluities, that a child may understand it--characters life-like
+and well sustained, and the whole plan of the work is good.--_Yates
+Co. Whig._
+
+The contents of the work are of the first order and
+unexceptionable.--_Rochester Daily Union._
+
+The story is not only well written, but it has merits in the dramatic
+grouping of incidents, graphic delineation of character, and the
+affecting interest which attracts and supports the reader's
+attention through the whole work, from the opening scene to the
+finale.--_Rochester Daily Democrat._
+
+This is a new work from the pen of the gifted author of the "Silver
+Lake Stories." It is got up in a style of mechanical elegance equal to
+the issues of Putnam and Appleton, and the quality of its contents
+will not be found behind that of three-fourths of the publications
+that emanate from the pens of more wide-known authors, and
+from publishing houses that employ none but the _best
+writers_.--_Canandaigua Messenger._
+
+It is a story designed to illustrate the deplorable effects of a
+neglect of proper parental discipline in infancy; in a well-written
+preface, the authoress, "Cousin Cicely," assures us it is
+substantially a narrative of facts. It traces the career of a spoiled
+and petted boy, whose mother was too weak and indolent to restrain him
+as she ought, through the several stages of a perverse childhood, a
+reckless boyhood, and a passionate, ungovernable youth, till this
+victim of a parent's folly is found in a felon's cell, with the mark
+of Cain on his brow.--_Auburn Daily Advertiser._
+
+The authoress, who, by the way, need not be afraid to sail under her
+own proper colors hereafter, claims that most of the incidents are
+taken from real life; a very creditable averment, as the work, with
+slight modifications in each individual case, would prove a faithful
+portraiture of the early training and subsequent career of nine-tenths
+of the victims of the gallows, and of the penitentiary.--_Mirror,
+Lyons, N. Y._
+
+The writer of this, and of many other pleasant volumes--"Cousin
+Cicely," as she chooses to be called--is gifted with rare talents,
+which she is wisely devoting to useful ends. Her charming "Silver Lake
+Stories," have effected much good, and this work is well calculated
+to do the same, both with children of the larger and of the smaller
+growth. * * * Difficulties of various natures arise, on the last and
+most important of which hangs the catastrophe of the story. But what
+that is, and how the book ends, is for the reader to find out, not for
+us to tell.--_Albany Eve Journal._
+
+* * * One of the domestic sort--speaking of home, dwelling upon home
+affections and family character, and the incidents of common life, yet
+as deeply interesting as the most romantic narrative. It has not been
+paraded before the public with ostentatious praise; but it will be far
+more acceptable to the reader than many works that have thus attracted
+interest in advance, without being able to meet and repay it.--_Albany
+Atlas._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Transcriber's Notes:
+
+The transcriber made the following changes to the text:
+
+ 1. p.  24, "two" changed to italic "two"
+ 3. p.  68, Cries she; "but let ...  no closing quote
+ 4. p.  84, "warant" changed to "warrant"
+ 5. p. 110, "jeweleries" changed to "jewelries"
+ 6. p. 192, "outage, But" changed to "outage. But"
+ 7. p. 214, will of Legree?" closing quote deleted
+ 8. p. 216, "contend its exists" changed to "contend it exists"
+ 9. p. 234, "manisfestation, They" changed to "manisfestation. They"
+10. p. 235, But the Spirit said, "Not so; ... no closing quote
+11. Footnote #7, "Ye christian Bondous"
+             changed to "Ye Christian Bondous"
+12. p. 293, "cotemporaries" changed to "contemporaries"
+13. p. 302, "procelain" changed to "porcelain"
+
+Several page numbers in the Contents are not correct.
+
+"Massacre at Blount's Fort" is actually found on page 16, not 14.
+Likwise, "A Wish" is found on page 209, not 207. And "Mary Smith" will
+be found on page 236, not 237.  The page numbers in the Contents remains
+as published.
+
+End of Transcriber's Notes]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of
+2) (1854), by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUTOGRAPHS FOR FREEDOM ***
+
+***** This file should be named 19949-8.txt or 19949-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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+(This file was produced from images produced by the Wright
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of 2)
+(1854), by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of 2) (1854)
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Griffiths
+
+Release Date: November 28, 2006 [EBook #19949]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUTOGRAPHS FOR FREEDOM ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Curtis Weyant, Richard J. Shiffer and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images produced by the Wright
+American Fiction Project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div class="trans-note">
+Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this text as
+faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other
+inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an obvious error by
+the publisher is noted at the <a href='#trans-note'>end</a> of this ebook.
+</div>
+
+
+<h1>AUTOGRAPHS<br /><br />
+
+FOR FREEDOM.</h1>
+
+<br /><br />
+<h3>EDITED BY</h3>
+
+<h2>JULIA GRIFFITHS.</h2>
+
+<br />
+<div class="poem" style="margin-left: 30%"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"In the long vista of the years to roll,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Let me not see my country's honor fade;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh! let me see our land retain its soul!<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Her pride in Freedom, and not Freedom's shade."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<br />
+
+<h3>
+AUBURN:<br />
+ALDEN, BEARDSLEY &amp; CO.<br />
+<br />
+ROCHESTER:<br />
+WANZER, BEARDSLEY &amp; CO.</h3>
+<br />
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+<h3>1854.</h3>
+
+<hr class="tight" />
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Entered</span>, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by<br />
+ALDEN, BEARDSLEY &amp; CO.,<br />
+In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District<br />
+of New York.</p>
+<hr class="tight" />
+
+<br />
+<p class="center"><span class="sc lowercase">STEREOTYPED BY</span><br />
+THOMAS B. SMITH,<br />
+216 William St. N. Y.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 344px;">
+<img src="images/frontis.jpg" width="344" height="500" alt="J. B. Giddings (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">J. B. Giddings (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 325px;">
+<img src="images/title.png" width="325" height="51" alt="Autographs for Freedom." title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="Preface" id="Preface"></a>Preface.</h2>
+
+
+<p>In commending this, the second volume of "<i>the Autographs for
+Freedom</i>," to the attention of the public, "<span class="smcap">the Rochester Ladies'
+Anti-Slavery Society</span>" would congratulate themselves and the friends of
+freedom generally on the progress made, during the past year, by the
+cause to which the book is devoted.</p>
+
+<p>We greet thankfully those who have contributed of the wealth of their
+genius; the strength of their convictions; the ripeness of their
+judgment; their earnestness of purpose; their generous sympathies; to
+the completeness and excellence of the work; and we shall hope to meet
+many of them, if not all, in other numbers of "<i>The Autograph</i>," which
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span>may be called forth ere the chains of the Slave shall be broken, and
+this country redeemed from the sin and the curse of Slavery.</p>
+
+<p>On behalf of the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p5.png" width="275" height="62" alt="(signature) Julia Griffiths" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Julia Griffiths</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="letterClose2 clear"><i>Sec'y.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p><p><span class="smcap">Rochester, N. Y.</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS" />CONTENTS</h2>
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center'>Subject</td><td align='center'>Author</td><td class='right'><span class="sc">page</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="sc">Introduction</span> (The Colored People's "Industrial College")</td><td><i>Prof. C. L. Reason</i></td><td class='right'><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Massacre at Blount's Fort</td><td><i>Hon. J. R. Giddings</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_16'>14</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Fugitive Slave Act</td><td><i>Hon. Wm. Jay</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_27'>27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Size of Souls</td><td><i>Antoinette L. Brown</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Vincent Og&eacute;</td><td><i>George B. Vashon</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_44'>44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Law of Liberty</td><td><i>Rev. Dr. Wm. Marsh</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Swiftness of Time in God</td><td><i>Theodore Parker</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_63'>63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Visit of a Fugitive Slave to the Grave of Wilberforce</td><td><i>Wm. Wells Brown</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_70'>70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Narrative of Albert and Mary</td><td><i>Dr. W. H. Brisbane</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_77'>77</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Toil and Trust</td><td><i>Hon. Chas. F. Adams</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_128'>128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Friendship for the Slave is Friendship for the Master</td><td><i>Jacob Abbott</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_134'>134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Christine</td><td><i>Anne P. Adams</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_139'>139</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Intellectual, Moral, and Spiritual Condition of the Slave</td><td><i>J. M. Langston</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_147'>147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Bible <i>versus</i> Slavery</td><td><i>Rev. Dr. Willis</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_151'>151</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Work Goes Bravely on</td><td><i>W. J. Watkins</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_156'>156</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Slaveholding not a Misfortune but a Crime</td><td><i>Rev Win Brock</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_158'>158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Illegality of Slaveholding</td><td><i>Rev. W. Goodell</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_159'>159</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>"Ore Perennius"</td><td><i>David Paul Brown</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_160'>160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Mission of America</td><td><i>John S. C. Abbott</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_161'>161</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Disfellowshipping the Slaveholder</td><td><i>Lewis Tappan</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_163'>163</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A Leaf from my Scrap Book</td><td><i>Wm. J. Wilson</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_165'>165</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Who is my Neighbor</td><td><i>Rev. Thos. Starr King</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_174'>174</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Consolation for the Slave</td><td><i>Dr. S. Willard</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_175'>175</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Key</td><td><i>Dr. S. Willard</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_177'>177</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The True Mission of Liberty</td><td><i>Dr. W. Elder</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_178'>178</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The True Spirit of Reform</td><td><i>Mary Willard</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_180'>180</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A Welcome to Mrs. H. B. Stowe, on her return from Europe</td><td><i>J. C. Holly</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_184'>184</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Forward (from the German)</td><td><i>Rev. T. W. Higginson</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_186'>186</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>What has Canada to do with Slavery?</td><td><i>Thos. Henning</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_187'>187</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A Fragment</td><td><i>Rev. Rufus Ellis</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_190'>190</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Encroachment of the Slave Power</td><td><i>John Jay, Esq.</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_192'>192</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Dishonor of Labor</td><td><i>Horace Greeley</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_194'>194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Evils of Colonization</td><td><i>Wm. Watkins</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_198'>198</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Basis of the American Constitution</td><td><i>Hon. Wm. H. Seward</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_201'>201</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A Wish</td><td><i>Mrs. C. M. Kirkland</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_209'>207</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A Dialogue</td><td><i>C. A. Bloss</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_210'>210</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A time of Justice will come</td><td><i>Hon. Gerit Smith</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_225'>225</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Hope and Confidence</td><td><i>Prof. G. L. Reason</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_226'>226</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A Letter that speaks for itself</td><td><i>Jane G. Swisshelm</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_230'>230</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>On Freedom</td><td><i>R. W. Emerson</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_235'>235</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Mary Smith. An Anti-Slavery Reminiscence</td><td><i>Hon S. E. Sewell</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_237'>236</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Freedom&mdash;Liberty</td><td><i>Dr. J. McCune Smith</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_241'>241</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>An Aspiration</td><td><i>Rev. E. H. Chapin</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_242'>242</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>The Dying Soliloquy of the Victim of the Wilkesbarre Tragedy</td><td><i>Mrs. H. H. Greenough</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_243'>243</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Let all be Free</td><td><i>Hon. C. M. Clay</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_248'>248</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Extract from a Speech</td><td><i>Frederick Douglass</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_251'>251</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Extract from an Unpublished Poem on Freedom</td><td><i>William D. Snow</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_256'>256</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Letter</td><td><i>Rev. H. Ward Beecher</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_273'>273</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>A Day Spent at Playford Hall</td><td><i>Mrs. Harriet B. Stowe</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_277'>277</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Teaching the Slave to Read</td><td><i>Mary Irving</i></td><td class='right'><a href='#Page_304'>304</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+
+<h2>The Colored People's "Industrial College."</h2>
+
+<h4>WHAT SOME OF THE BUILDERS HAVE THOUGHT.</h4>
+
+
+<p>A word oft-times is expressive of an entire policy. Such is the term
+<i>Abolition</i>. Though formerly used as a synonym of <i>Anti-Slavery</i>,
+people now clearly understand that the designs of those who have
+ranged themselves under the first of these systems of reform are of
+deeper significance and wider scope than are the objects contemplated
+by the latter, and concern themselves not only with the great primary
+question of bodily freedom, but take in also the collateral issues
+connected with human enfranchisement, independent of race, complexion,
+or sex.</p>
+
+<p>The Abolitionist of to-day is the Iconoclast of the age, and his
+mission is to break the idolatrous images<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> set up by a hypocritical
+Church, a Sham Democracy, or a corrupt public sentiment, and to
+substitute in their stead the simple and beautiful doctrine of a
+common brotherhood. He would elevate every creature by abolishing the
+hinderances and checks imposed upon him, whether these be legal or
+social&mdash;and in proportion as such grievances are invidious and severe,
+in such measure does he place himself in the front rank of the battle,
+to wage his emancipating war.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore it is that the Abolitionist has come to be considered the
+especial friend of the negro, since <i>he</i>, of all others, has been made
+to drink deep from the cup of oppression.</p>
+
+<p>The free-colored man at the north, for his bond-brother as for
+himself, has trusted hopefully in the increasing public sentiment,
+which, in the multiplication of these friends, has made his future
+prospects brighter. And, to-day, while he is making a noble struggle
+to vindicate the claims of his entire class, depending mainly for the
+accomplishment of that end on his own exertions, he passes in review
+the devotion and sacrifices made in his behalf: gratitude is in his
+heart, and thanks fell from his lips. But, in one department<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> of
+reformatory exertion he feels that he has been neglected. He has seen
+his pledged allies throw themselves into the hottest of the battle, to
+fight for the Abolition of Capital Punishment&mdash;for the Prohibition of
+the Liquor Traffic&mdash;for the Rights of Women, and similar reforms,&mdash;but
+he has failed to see a corresponding earnestness, according to the
+influence of Abolitionists in the business world, in opening the
+avenues of industrial labor to the proscribed youth of the land. This
+work, therefore, is evidently left for himself to do. And he has laid
+his powers to the task. The record of his conclusions was given at
+Rochester, in July, and has become already a part of history.</p>
+
+<p>Though shut out from the workshops of the country, he is determined to
+make self-provision, so as to triumph over the spirit of caste that
+would keep him degraded. The utility of the Industrial Institution he
+would erect, must, he believes, commend itself to Abolitionists. But
+not only to them. The verdict of less liberal minds has been given
+already in its favor. The usefulness, the self-respect and
+self-dependence,&mdash;the combination of intelligence and handicraft,&mdash;the
+accumulation of the materials of wealth, all referable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> to such an
+Institution, present fair claims to the assistance of the entire
+American people.</p>
+
+<p>Whenever emancipation shall take place, immediate though it be, the
+subjects of it, like many who now make up the so-called free
+population, will be in what Geologists call, the "Transition State."
+The prejudice now felt against them for bearing on their persons the
+brand of slaves, cannot die out immediately. Severe trials will still
+be their portion&mdash;the curse of a "taunted race" must be expiated by
+almost miraculous proofs of advancement; and some of these miracles
+must be antecedent to the great day of Jubilee. To fight the battle on
+the bare ground of abstract principles, will fail to give us complete
+victory. The subterfuges of pro-slavery selfishness must <i>now</i> be
+dragged to light, and the last weak argument,&mdash;that the negro can
+never contribute anything to advance the national character, "nailed
+to the counter as base coin." To the conquering of the difficulties
+heaped up in the path of his industry, the free-colored man of the
+North has pledged himself. Already he sees, springing into growth,
+from out his foster <i>work-school</i>, intelligent young laborers,
+competent to enrich the world with necessary products&mdash;industrious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+citizens, contributing their proportion to aid on the advancing
+civilization of the country;&mdash;self-providing artizans vindicating
+their people from the never-ceasing charge of a fitness for servile
+positions.</p>
+
+<p>Abolitionists ought to consider it a legitimate part of their great
+work, to aid in such an enterprise&mdash;to abolish not only chattel
+servitude, but that other kind of slavery, which, for generation after
+generation, dooms an oppressed people to a condition of dependence and
+pauperism. Such an Institution would be a shining mark, in even this
+enlightened age; and every man and woman, equipped by its discipline
+to do good battle in the arena of active life, would be, next to the
+emancipated bondman, the most desirable "<i>Autograph for Freedom</i>."</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p15.png" width="275" height="78" alt="(signature) Chas. L. Reason" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Chas. L. Reason</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Massacre_at_Blounts_Fort" id="Massacre_at_Blounts_Fort"></a>Massacre at Blount's Fort.</h2>
+
+
+<p>On the west side of the Appalachicola River, some forty miles below
+the line of Georgia, are yet found the ruins of what was once called
+"<span class="smcap">Blount's Fort</span>." Its ramparts are now covered with a dense growth of
+underbrush and small trees. You may yet trace out its bastions,
+curtains, and magazine. At this time the country adjacent presents the
+appearance of an unbroken wilderness, and the whole scene is one of
+gloomy solitude, associated as it is with one of the most cruel
+massacres which ever disgraced the American arms.</p>
+
+<p>The fort had originally been erected by civilized troops, and, when
+abandoned by its occupants at the close of the war, in 1815, it was
+taken possession of by the refugees from Georgia. But little is yet
+known of that persecuted people; their history can only be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> found in
+the national archives at Washington. They had been held as slaves in
+the State referred to; but during the Revolution they caught the
+spirit of liberty, at that time so prevalent throughout our land, and
+fled from their oppressors and found an asylum among the aborigines
+living in Florida.</p>
+
+<p>During forty years they had effectually eluded, or resisted, all
+attempts to re-enslave them. They were true to themselves, to the
+instinctive love of liberty, which is planted in every human heart.
+Most of them had been born amidst perils, reared in the forest, and
+taught from their childhood to hate the oppressors of their race. Most
+of those who had been personally held in degrading servitude, whose
+backs had been seared by the lash of the savage overseer, had passed
+to that spirit-land where the clanking of chains is not heard, where
+slavery is not known. Some few of that class yet remained. Their gray
+hairs and feeble limbs, however, indicated that they, too, must soon
+pass away. Of the three hundred and eleven persons residing in
+"Blount's Fort" not more than twenty had been actually held in
+servitude. The others were descended from slave parents, who fled from
+Georgia, and, according to the laws of slave<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> States, were liable to
+suffer the same outrages to which their ancestors had been subjected.</p>
+
+<p>It is a most singular feature in slave-holding morals, that if the
+parents be robbed of their liberty, deprived of the rights with which
+their Creator has endowed them, the perpetrator of these wrongs
+becomes entitled to repeat them upon the children of their former
+victims. There were also some few parents and grandchildren, as well
+as middle-aged persons, who sought protection within the walls of the
+Fort against the vigilant slave-catchers who occasionally were seen
+prowling around the fortifications, but who dare not venture within
+the power of those whom they sought to enslave.</p>
+
+<p>These fugitives had planted their gardens, and some of them had flocks
+roaming in the wilderness; all were enjoying the fruits of their
+labor, and congratulating themselves upon being safe from the attacks
+of those who enslave mankind. But the spirit of oppression is
+inexorable. The slaveholders finding they could not themselves obtain
+possession of their intended victims, called on the President of the
+United States for assistance to perpetrate the crime of enslaving
+their fellow men. That functionary had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> reared amid southern
+institutions. He entertained no doubt of the right of one man to
+enslave another. He did not doubt that if a man held in servitude
+should attempt to escape, he would be worthy of death. In short, he
+fully sympathised with those who sought his official aid. He
+immediately directed the Secretary of War to issue orders to the
+Commander of the "Southern Military District of the United States" to
+send a detachment of troops to destroy "Blount's Fort," and to "<i>seize
+those who occupied it and return them to their masters</i>."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p>
+
+<p>General Jackson, at that time Commander of the Southern Military
+District, directed Lieut.-Colonel Clinch to perform the barbarous
+task. I was at one time personally acquainted with that officer, and
+know the impulses of his generous nature, and can readily account for
+the failure of his expedition. He marched to the vicinity of the Fort,
+made the necessary recognisance, and returned, making report that "the
+fortification was not accessible by land."<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></a></p>
+
+<p>Orders were then issued to Commodore Patterson, directing him to carry
+out the directions of the Secretary of War. He at that time commanded
+the American flotilla lying in "Mobile Bay," and instantly issued an
+order to Lieut. Loomis to ascend the Appalachicola River with two
+gun-boats, "to seize the people in <span class="smcap">Blount's Fort</span>, deliver them to
+their owners, and destroy the Fort."</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of the 17th Sept., A. D. 1816, a spectator might have
+seen several individuals standing upon the walls of that fortress
+watching with intense interest the approach of two small vessels that
+were slowly ascending the river, under full-spread canvas, by the aid
+of a light southern breeze. They were in sight at early dawn, but it
+was ten o'clock when they furled their sails and cast anchor opposite
+the Fort, and some four or five hundred yards distant from it.</p>
+
+<p>A boat was lowered, and soon a midshipman and twelve men were observed
+making for the shore. They were met at the water's edge by some half
+dozen of the principal men in the Fort, and their errand demanded.</p>
+
+<p>The young officer told them he was sent to make<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> demand of the Fort,
+and that its inmates were to be given up to the "slaveholders, then on
+board the gun-boat, who claimed them as fugitive slaves!" The demand
+was instantly rejected, and the midshipman and his men returned to the
+gun-boats and informed Lieut. Loomis of the answer he had received.</p>
+
+<p>As the colored men entered the Fort they related to their companions
+the demand that had been made. Great was the consternation manifested
+by the females, and even a portion of the sterner sex appeared to be
+distressed at their situation. This was observed by an old patriarch,
+who had drunk the bitter cup of servitude, one who bore on his person
+the visible marks of the thong, as well as the brand of his master,
+upon his shoulder. He saw his friends faultered, and he spoke
+cheerfully to them. He assured them that they were safe from the
+cannon shot of the enemy&mdash;that there were not men enough on board the
+vessels to storm their Fort, and finally closed with the emphatic
+declaration: "<i>Give me liberty or give me death!</i>" This saying was
+repeated by many agonized fathers and mothers on that bloody day.</p>
+
+<p>A cannonade was soon commenced upon the Fort, but without much
+apparent effect. The shots were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> harmless; they penetrated the earth
+of which the walls were composed, and were there buried, without
+further injury. Some two hours were thus spent without injuring any
+person in the Fort. They then commenced throwing bombs. The bursting
+of these shells had more effect. There was no shelter from these fatal
+messages. Mothers gathered their little ones around them and pressed
+their babes more closely to their bosoms, as one explosion after
+another warned them of their imminent danger. By these explosions some
+were occasionally wounded and a few killed, until, at length, the
+shrieks of the wounded and groans of the dying were heard in various
+parts of the fortress.</p>
+
+<p>Do you ask why these mothers and children were thus butchered in cold
+blood? I answer, they were slain for adhering to the doctrine that
+"all men are endowed by their Creator with the <i>inalienable right to
+enjoy life and liberty</i>." Holding to this doctrine of Hancock and of
+Jefferson, the power of the nation was arrayed against them, and our
+army employed to deprive them of life.</p>
+
+<p>The bombardment was continued some hours with but little effect, so
+far as the assailants could discover.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> They manifested no disposition
+to surrender. The day was passing away. Lieut. Loomis called a council
+of officers and put to them the question, <i>what further shall be
+done</i>? An under officer suggested the propriety of firing "hot shot at
+the magazine." The proposition was agreed to. The furnaces were
+heated, balls were prepared, and the cannonade was resumed. The
+occupants of the Fort felt relieved by the change. They could hear the
+deep humming sound of the cannon balls, to which they had become
+accustomed in the early part of the day, and some made themselves
+merry at the supposed folly of their assailants. They knew not that
+the shot was heated, and was therefore unconscious of the danger which
+threatened them.</p>
+
+<p>The sun was rapidly descending in the west. The tall pines and spruce
+threw their shadows over the fortification. The roar of the cannon,
+the sighing of the shot, the groans of the wounded, the dark shades of
+approaching evening, all conspired to render the scene one of intense
+gloom. They longed for the approaching night to close around them in
+order that they might bury the dead, and flee to the wilderness for
+safety.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly a startling phenomena presented itself to their astonished
+view. The heavy embankment and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> timbers protecting the magazine
+appeared to rise from the earth, and the next <i>instant</i> the dreadful
+explosion overwhelmed them, and the next found <i>two hundred and
+seventy</i> parents and children in the immediate presence of a holy God,
+making their appeal for retributive justice upon the government who
+had murdered them, and the freemen of the north who sustained such
+unutterable crimes.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p>
+
+<p>Many were crushed by the falling earth and the timbers; many were
+entirely buried in the ruins. Some were horribly mangled by the
+fragments of timber and the explosion of charged shells that were in
+the magazine. Limbs were torn from the bodies to which they had been
+attached. Mothers and babes lay beside each other, wrapped in that
+sleep which knows no waking.</p>
+
+<p>The sun had set, and the twilight of evening was closing around them,
+when some sixty sailors, under the officer second in command, landed,
+and, without opposition, entered the Fort. The veteran sailors,
+accustomed to blood and carnage, were horror-stricken as they viewed
+the scene before them. They were accompanied, however, by some twenty
+slaveholders,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> all anxious for their prey. These paid little attention
+to the dead and dying, but anxiously seized upon the living, and,
+fastening the fetters upon their limbs, hurried them from the Fort,
+and instantly commenced their return towards the frontier of Georgia.
+Some fifteen persons in the Fort survived the terrible explosion, and
+they now sleep in servile graves, or moan and weep in bondage.</p>
+
+<p>The officer in command of the party, with his men, returned to the
+boats as soon as the slaveholders were fairly in possession of their
+victims. The sailors appeared gloomy and thoughtful as they returned
+to their vessels. The anchors were weighed, the sails unfurled, and
+both vessels hurried from the scene of butchery as rapidly as they
+were able. After the officers had retired to their cabins, the
+rough-featured sailors gathered before the mast, and loud and bitter
+were the curses they uttered against slavery and against those
+officers of government who had then constrained them to murder women
+and helpless children, merely for their love of liberty.</p>
+
+<p>But the dead remained unburied; and the next day the vultures were
+feeding upon the carcasses of young men and young women, whose hearts
+on the previous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> morning had beaten high with expectation. Their bones
+have been bleaching in the sun for thirty-seven years, and may yet be
+seen scattered among the ruins of that ancient fortification.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty-two years elapsed, and a representative in Congress, from one
+of the free States, reported a bill giving to the perpetrators of
+these murders a gratuity of five thousand dollars from the public
+treasury, as a token of the gratitude which the people of this nation
+felt for the soldierly and gallant manner in which the crime was
+committed toward them. The bill passed both houses of Congress, was
+approved by the President, and now stands upon our statute book among
+the laws enacted at the 3d Session of the 25th Congress.</p>
+
+<p>The facts are all found scattered among the various public documents
+which repose in the alcoves of our National Library. But no historian
+has been willing to collect and publish them, in consequence of the
+deep disgrace which they reflect upon the American arms, and upon
+those who then controlled the government.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 194px;">
+<img src="images/p26.png" width="194" height="91" alt="(signature) J. R. Giddings" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) J. R. Giddings</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Vide Executive documents of the 2d Session 13th
+Congress.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> It is believed that this report was suggested by the
+humanity of Col. Clinch. He was reputed one of the bravest and most
+energetic officers in the service. He possessed an indomitable
+perseverance, and could probably have captured the Fort in one hour,
+had he desired to do so.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> That is the number officially reported by the officer in
+command, vide Executive doc. of the 13th Congress.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="The_Fugitive_Slave_Act" id="The_Fugitive_Slave_Act"></a>The Fugitive Slave Act.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Few laws have ever been passed better calculated than this to harden
+the heart and benumb the conscience of every man who assists in its
+execution. It pours contempt upon the dictates of justice and
+humanity. It levels in the dust the barriers erected by the common law
+for the protection of personal liberty. Its victims are native born
+Americans, uncharged with crime. These men are seized, without notice,
+and instantly carried before an officer, by whom they are generally
+hurried off into a cruel bondage, for the remainder of their days, and
+sometimes without time being allowed for a parting interview with
+their families. Such treatment would be cruel toward criminals; but
+these men are adjudged to toil, to stripes, to ignorance, to poverty,
+to hopeless degradation, on the pretence that they "owe service."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+This allegation all know to be utterly false, they having never
+promised to serve, and being legally incapable of making any contract.
+Every act of Christian kindness to these unhappy people, tending to
+secure to them the rights which our declaration of independence
+asserts belong <i>to all</i> men, is made by this accursed law a penal
+offence, to be punished with fine and imprisonment. Mock judges,
+unknown to the constitution, and bribed by the promise of double fees
+to re-enslave the fugitive, are commanded to decide, <i>summarily</i>, the
+most momentous personal issue, with the single exception of life and
+death, that could possibly engage the attention of a legal tribunal of
+the most august character. Yet this tremendous issue of liberty or
+bondage, is to be decided, not only in a hurry, but on such <i>prima
+facie</i> evidence as may satisfy the judge, and this judge, too,
+<i>selected</i> from a herd of similar creatures, by the claimant himself!!
+An <i>ex parte</i> affidavit, made by an absent and interested party, with
+the certificate of an absent judge that he believes it to be true, is
+to be received as <span class="smcap">conclusive</span>, in the face of any amount of oral and
+documentary testimony to the contrary. "Can a man take fire into his
+bosom and not be burned?" Can a man aid<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> in executing such a law
+without defiling his own conscience? Yet does this profligate statute,
+with impious arrogance, command "<span class="smcap">all good citizens</span>" to assist in
+enforcing it, when required so to do by an official slave-catcher!</p>
+
+<p>It is a singular fact, in the history of this enactment, that Mr.
+Mason, who introduced the bill, and Mr. Webster, who, in advance,
+pledged to it his support "to the fullest extent," both confessed, on
+the floor of Congress, that in their individual judgments, it was
+<span class="smcap">unconstitutional</span>,&mdash;that is, that the constitution, as they expounded
+it, imposed upon the <i>States</i> severally, the obligation to surrender
+fugitive slaves, and gave Congress no power to legislate on the
+subject. The Supreme Court, however, having otherwise determined,
+these gentlemen acquiesced in its decision, without being convinced by
+it. It is well known how grossly Mr. Webster, in his subsequent
+canvass for the Presidency, insulted all who, like himself, denied the
+constitutionality of the law. Another significant fact in the same
+history is, that the law was passed by a <i>minority</i> of the House of
+Representatives. Of 232 members, only 109 recorded their names in its
+favor. Many, deterred either by scruples of conscience<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> or doubts of
+the popularity of the measure, declined voting, while party discipline
+prevented them from offering to it an open and manly resistance. A
+third fact in this history, worthy to be remembered, is, that the
+advocates of the law are conscious that its revolting provisions would
+not bear discussion, forced its passage under the previous question,
+thus preventing any remarks on its enormities&mdash;any appeals to the
+consciences of the members&mdash;against the perpetration of such
+detestable wickedness.</p>
+
+<p>Seldom has any public iniquity been committed to which the words of
+the Psalmist have been so applicable: "Surely the wrath of man shall
+praise <span class="smcap">Thee</span>; and the remainder of wrath shalt <span class="smcap">Thou</span> restrain."</p>
+
+<p>It was happily so ordered, that several of the early seizures and
+surrenders under this law were conducted with such marked barbarity,
+such cruel indecent haste, such wanton disregard of justice and of
+humanity, as to shock the moral sense of the community, and to render
+the law intensely hateful.</p>
+
+<p>Very soon after the law went into operation, one of the pseudo judges
+created by it, surrendered an alleged slave, on evidence which no jury
+would have deemed sufficient to establish a title to a dog. In vain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
+the wretched man declared his freedom&mdash;in vain he named six witnesses
+whom he swore could prove his freedom&mdash;in vain he implored for a delay
+of <span class="smcap">one hour</span>. He was sent off as a slave, guarded, at the expense of
+the United States treasury, to his pretended master in Maryland, who
+honestly refused to receive him. The judge had made a mistake (!) and
+had sent a free man instead of a slave.</p>
+
+<p>This vile law, although of course receiving the sanction of the
+Democrats, it being a bid for the Presidency, was a device of the Whig
+party, and could not have been carried but by the co-operation of
+Webster, Clay, and Fillmore. As if to enhance the value of the bid,
+the Administration affected a desire to baptise it in northern blood,
+by making resistance to the law, a crime to be punished with <span class="smcap">death</span>.
+The hustling of an officer, and the consequent escape of an arrested
+fugitive, were declared, by the Secretary of State, to be a <i>levying
+of war against the United States</i>&mdash;of course an act of <span class="smcap">high treason</span>,
+to be expiated on the gallows; and the rioters at Christiana were
+prosecuted for <span class="smcap">high treason</span>, in pursuance of orders forwarded from
+Washington. This wretched sycophancy won no favor from the
+slaveholders,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> and the result of the abominable and absurd prosecution
+only brought on the authors and advocates of the law fresh obloquy.
+When men obtain some rich and splendid prize, by their wrong-doing,
+many admire their boldness and dexterity, but foolish, profitless
+wickedness ensures only contempt. The northern Whigs, in doing
+obeisance to the slave power, sinned against their oft-repeated and
+solemn professions and pledges. They sinned in the expectation of
+thereby electing a President, and enjoying the patronage he would
+dispense. Most bitterly were these men disappointed, first in the
+candidate selected, and next in the result of the election. The party
+has been beaten to death, and it died unhonored and unwept. Let the
+Fugitive Slave Law be its epitaph. Truly the Whig politicians were
+"snared in the work of their own hands."</p>
+
+<p>Certain fashionable Divines deemed it expedient to second the efforts
+of the politicians in catching slaves, by talking from their pulpits
+about Hebrew slavery, and the reverence due to the "powers that be
+ordained of God." Yet the injunctions of the fugitive law were so
+obviously at variance with the "<span class="smcap">higher law</span>" of justice and mercy which
+these gentlemen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> were required by their Divine Master to inculcate,
+that "cotton divinity" fell into disrepute, nor could the plaudits of
+politicians and union committees save its clerical professors from
+forfeiting the esteem and confidence of multitudes of Christian
+people.</p>
+
+<p>But Whig politicians and cotton Divines are not the only friends of
+the fugitive law to whom it has made most ungrateful returns. The
+Democratic leaders, bidding against the Whigs for the Presidency, were
+most vociferous in expressions of the delight they took in the human
+chase. Democratic candidates for the Presidency, to the goodly number
+of <span class="smcap">nine</span>, gave public attestations under their <i>signs manual</i>, of their
+approbation of a law outraging the principles of Democracy, as well as
+of common justice and humanity. Each and all of these men were
+rejected, and the slaveholders selected an individual whom they were
+well assured would be their obsequious tool, but who had offered no
+bribe for their votes.</p>
+
+<p>But did the slaveholders themselves gain more by this law than their
+northern auxiliaries? They, indeed, hailed its passage as a mighty
+triumph. The nation had given them a law, drafted by themselves,
+laying down the rules of the hunt, as best suited their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> pleasure and
+interest. Wealthy and influential gentlemen in our commercial cities,
+out of compliment to southern electors, became amateur huntsmen, and
+in New York and Boston the chase was pursued with all the zeal and
+apparent delight that could have been expected in Guinea or Virginia.
+Slave-catching was the test, at once, of patriotism and gentility,
+while sympathy for the wretched fugitive was the mark of vulgar
+fanaticism. The north was humbled in the dust, by the action of her
+own recreant sons. Every "good citizen" found himself, for the first
+time in the history of mankind, a slave-catcher by law. Every
+official, appointed by a slave-catching judge, was invested with the
+authority of a High Sheriff, being empowered to call out the <i>posse
+comitatus</i>, and compel the neighbors to join in a slave chase. Well,
+indeed, might the slaveholders rejoice and make merry;&mdash;well, indeed,
+in the insolence of triumph, might they command the people of the
+north to hold their tongues about "the peculiar institution," under
+pain of their sore displeasure.</p>
+
+<p>But amid this slavery jubilee, a woman's heart was swelling and
+heaving with indignant sorrow at the outrages offered to God and man
+by the fugitive<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> law. Her pent up emotions struggled for utterance,
+and at last, as if moved by some mighty inspiration, and in all the
+fervor of Christian love, she put forth a book which arrested the
+attention of the <span class="smcap">world</span>. A miracle of authorship, this book attained,
+within twelve months, a circulation without a parallel in the history
+of printing. In that brief space, about two millions of volumes
+proclaimed, in the languages of civilization, the wrongs of the slave
+and the atrocities of the <span class="smcap">american fugitive law</span>. The gaze of mankind
+is now turned upon the slaveholders and their northern auxiliaries,
+both clerical and lay. The subjects of European despotisms console
+themselves with the grateful conviction, that however harsh may be
+their own governments, they make no approach to the baseness or to the
+cruelty and tyranny of the "peculiar institution" of the Model
+Republic.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One slaveholder, together with the cotton men of the north, fretted
+and vexed by their sudden and unenviable notoriety, foolishly
+attempted to obviate the impressions made by the book, by denouncing
+it as a lying fiction. Nay, one of the most affecting illustrations of
+pure and undefiled Christianity that ever proceeded from an uninspired
+pen, was gravely declared, by an organ of cotton divinity, to be an
+<span class="smcap">Anti-Christian</span> book.<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> Truly, indeed, the wisdom of man is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>
+foolishness with God. "He disappointeth the devices of the crafty."</p>
+
+<p>Branded with falsehood and impiety, the author was happily put on her
+trial before the civilized world. She collected, arranged, and gave to
+the press, a mass of unimpeachable documents, consisting of laws,
+judicial decisions, trials, confessions of slaveholders,
+advertisements from southern papers, and testimonies of eye-witnesses.
+The proof was conclusive and overwhelming that the picture she had
+drawn of American slavery was unfaithful, only because the coloring
+was faint, and wanted the crimson dye of the original. A verdict of
+not guilty of exaggeration has been rendered by acclamation.</p>
+
+<p>It has long been the standing refuge of the slaveholders, that
+northern men and Europeans, in condemning slavery, were passing
+judgment against an institution of which they were ignorant. The
+"peculiar institution" was represented as some great <i>mystery</i> which
+could not be understood beyond the slave region. Thanks to the
+fugitive law, it has led to the construction of a "<i>key</i>," which has
+unlocked our Republican bastile, thrown open to the sunlight its
+hideous dungeons, and exposed the various instruments of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> torture for
+subjecting the soul, as well as the body, to hopeless and unresisting
+bondage. The iniquity of our cherished institution is no longer a
+<span class="smcap lowercase">MYSTERY</span>. All Christendom is now made familiar with it, and is sending
+forth a cry of indignant remonstrance and of taunting scorn. Such is
+the suppression of anti-slavery agitation given to the slaveholders by
+their northern friends&mdash;such the strength imparted by the fugitive
+slave law to the system of human bondage. How applicable to the
+inventors and supporters of that statute are the words of David, in
+regard to some politician of his own day: "Behold he travaileth with
+iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood. He
+made a pit, and digged it, and is fallen into the ditch which he made.
+His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing
+shall come down upon his own pate;" and then he adds, "I will praise
+the Lord." So also let the Christian bless and magnify <span class="smcap">Him</span>, who by his
+infinite wisdom brings good out of evil, and in the case of the
+fugitive law, <span class="smcap">hath caused the wrath of man to praise Him</span>.</p>
+
+<p>But there is still a <i>remainder</i> of wrath. The law is still on the
+Statute Book, and hungry politicians are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> promising that there it
+shall ever remain; and terrible threats come from the south, of the
+ruin that shall overwhelm the free States, should the law be repealed
+or rendered less abominable than at present. Yet, in spite of northern
+promises, and professions of security, and in spite of the great
+swelling words of the dealers in human flesh, the <i>practical</i>, like
+the moral working of the law, has been very far from what its authors
+anticipated. The law was passed the 18th September, 1850, and, in two
+years and nine months, not fifty slaves have been recovered under
+it&mdash;not an average of <span class="smcap">eighteen</span> slaves a year! Poor compensation this
+to the slaveholders for making themselves a bye-word, a proverb, and a
+reproach to Christendom&mdash;for giving a new and mighty impulse to
+abolition, and for deepening the detestation felt by the true friends
+of liberty and humanity, for an institution asking and obtaining for
+its protection a law so repugnant to the moral sense of mankind. But
+while this artful and wicked law, with its army of ten-dollar judges,
+and marshals, and constables, and office-seekers, and politicians,
+with the President and his cabinet all striving to enforce it, "to the
+fullest extent," has restored to their masters not <i>eighteen slaves</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+a year; the escapes from the prison house have probably never been
+more numerous, nor the aid and sympathy afforded by Christians more
+abundant. Thus has <span class="smcap">the remainder of wrath been restrained</span>. In the
+marvellous conversion of this odious law into an anti-slavery agency,
+let us find a new motive for unceasing and unwearied agitation against
+slavery, and a new pledge of ultimate triumph.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p40.png" width="275" height="55" alt="(signature) William Jay" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) William Jay</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bedford</span>, June 1853.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> A late American traveller, in Germany, invited to an
+evening party at the house of a Professor, attempted to compliment the
+company by expressing his indignation at the oppression which "the
+dear old German fatherland" suffered at the hands of its rulers. The
+American's profferred sympathy was coldly received. "We admit," was
+the reply, "that there is much wrong here, but we do not admit the
+right of <i>your country</i> to rebuke it. There is a system now with you,
+worse than any thing which we know of tyranny&mdash;your <span class="smcap">slavery</span>. It is a
+disgrace and blot on your free government and on a Christian State. We
+have nothing in Russia or Hungary which is so degrading, and we have
+nothing which so crushes the mind. And more than this, we hear you
+have now a <span class="smcap">law</span>, just passed by your National Assembly, which would
+disgrace the cruel code of the Czar. We hear of free men and women,
+hunted like dogs on your mountains, and sent back, without trial, to
+bondage worse than our serfs have ever known. We have, in Europe, many
+excuses in ancient evils and deep-laid prejudices, but you, the young
+and free people, in this age, to be passing again, afresh, such
+measures of unmitigated wrong!"&mdash;<i>Home life in Germany, by Charles
+Loving Brace</i>. Mr. Brace honestly adds: "<i>I must say that the blood
+tingled to my cheek with shame, as he spoke</i>."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> "We have read the book, and regard it as Anti-Christian,
+on the same grounds that the chronicle regards it decidedly anti
+ministerial."&mdash;New York Observer, September 22, 1852.&mdash;<i>Editorial</i>.
+The Bishop of Rome also regards the book as Anti-Christian, and has
+forbidden his subjects to read it. On the other hand, the clergy of
+Great Britain differ most widely from the reverend gentlemen of the
+"Observer" and the Vatican, in their estimate of the character of the
+book. Said Dr. Wardlaw, who on this subject may be regarded as the
+representative of the Protestant Divines of Europe: "He who can read
+it without the breathings of devotion, must, if he call himself a
+Christian, have a Christianity as <i>unique and questionable</i> as his
+humanity."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 422px;">
+<img src="images/p40-2.jpg" width="422" height="500" alt="Antoinette L. Brown (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Antoinette L. Brown (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="The_Size_of_Souls" id="The_Size_of_Souls"></a>The Size of Souls.</h2>
+
+
+<p>A quaint old writer describes a class of persons who have souls so
+very small that "500 of them could dance at once upon the point of a
+cambric needle." These wee people are often wrapped up in a lump of
+the very coarsest of human clay, ponderous enough to give them the
+semblance of full-grown men and women. A grain of mustard seed, buried
+in the heart of a mammoth pumpkin, would be no comparison to the
+little soul, sheathed in its full grown body. The contrast in size
+would be insufficient to convey an adequate impression; and the tiny
+soul has little of the mustard seed spiciness.</p>
+
+<p>Yet if this mass of flesh is only wrapped up in a <i>white skin</i>, even
+though it is not nearly thick enough to conceal the grossness and
+coarseness of the veiled material, the poor "feeble folk" within will
+fancy<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> that he really belongs to the natural variety of aristocratic
+humanity. He has the good taste to refuse condescension sufficient to
+allow him to eat at table with a Frederick Douglass, a Samuel R. Ward,
+or a Dr. Pennington. Poor light little soul! It can borrow a pair of
+flea's legs, and, hopping up to the magnificent lights of public
+opinion, sit looking down upon the whole colored race in sovereign
+contempt.</p>
+
+<p>Take off the thin veneering of a white skin, substitute in its stead
+the real African ebony, and then place him side by side with one of
+the above-mentioned men. Measure intellect with intellect&mdash;eloquence
+with eloquence! Mental and moral infancy stand abashed in the presence
+of nature's noblemen!</p>
+
+<p>So, mere complexion is elevated above character. Sensible men and
+women are not ashamed of the acknowledgment. The fact has a popular
+endorsement. People <i>sneer</i> at <i>you</i> if you are not ready to
+comprehend the fitness of the thing. If you cannot weigh mind in a
+balance with a moiety of coloring matter, and still let the mind be
+found wanting, expect, in America, to lose cast yourself for want of
+approved taste.</p>
+
+<p>If sin is capable of being made to look mean,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> narrow,
+contemptible&mdash;to exhibit itself in its character of thorough,
+unmitigated bitterness&mdash;it is when exhibited in the light of our
+"peculiar" prejudices. Mind, Godlike, immortal mind, with its burden
+of deathless thought, its comprehensive and discriminating reason, its
+brilliant wit, its genial humor, its store-house of thrilling
+memories&mdash;a voice of mingled power and pathos, words burning with the
+unconsuming fire of genius, virtues gathering in ripened beauty upon a
+brave heart, and moral integrity preeminent over all else&mdash;all this
+could not make a black man the social equal of a white coxcomb, even
+though his brain were as blank as white paper, and his heart as black
+as darkness concentrated. May heaven alleviate our undiluted
+stupidity!</p>
+
+<p class="author">Antoinette L. Brown.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
+
+<h2>Vincent Og&eacute;</h2>
+
+<blockquote><p>[Fragments of a poem hitherto unpublished, upon a revolt of
+the free persons of color, in the island of St. Domingo (now
+Hayti), in the years 1790-1.]</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2"><span class="smcap">There</span> is, at times, an evening sky&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The twilight's gift&mdash;of sombre hue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">All checkered wild and gorgeously<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">With streaks of crimson, gold and blue;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A sky that strikes the soul with awe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And, though not brilliant as the sheen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which in the east at morn we saw,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Is far more glorious, I ween;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">So glorious that, when night hath come<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And shrouded it in deepest gloom,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We turn aside with inward pain<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And pray to see that sky again.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Such sight is like the struggle made<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">When freedom bids unbare the blade,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And calls from every mountain glen&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">From every hill&mdash;from every plain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Her chosen ones to stand like men,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And cleanse their souls from every stain<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which wretches, steeped in crime and blood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Have cast upon the form of God.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Though peace like morning's golden hue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">With blooming groves and waving fields,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Is mildly pleasing to the view,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And all the blessings that it yields<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Are fondly welcomed by the breast<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Which finds delight in passion's rest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That breast with joy foregoes them all,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">While listening to Freedom's call.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Though red the carnage,&mdash;though the strife<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Be filled with groans of parting life,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Though battle's dark, ensanguined skies<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Give echo but to agonies&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To shrieks of wild despairing,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We willingly repress a sigh&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nay, gaze with rapture in our eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Whilst "<span class="smcap">Freedom</span>!" is the rally-cry<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">That calls to deeds of daring.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The waves dash brightly on thy shore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Fair island of the southern seas!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As bright in joy as when of yore<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">They gladly hailed the Genoese,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That daring soul who gave to Spain<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A world&mdash;last trophy of her reign!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Basking in beauty, thou dost seem<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A vision in a poet's dream!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Thou look'st as though thou claim'st not birth<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With sea and sky and other earth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That smile around thee but to show<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Thy beauty in a brighter glow,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That are unto thee as the foil<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Artistic hands have featly set<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Around Golconda's radiant spoil,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To grace some lofty coronet,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A foil which serves to make the gem<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The glory of that diadem!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">If Eden claimed a favored haunt,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Most hallowed of that blessed ground,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Where tempting fiend with guileful taunt<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">A resting-place would ne'er have found,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As shadowing it well might seek<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The loveliest home in that fair isle,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which in its radiance seemed to speak<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">As to the charmed doth Beauty's smile,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That whispers of a thousand things<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For which words find no picturings.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Like to the gifted Greek who strove<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To paint a crowning work of art,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And form his ideal Queen of Love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">By choosing from each grace a part,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Blending them in one beauteous whole,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To charm the eye, transfix the soul,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And hold it in enraptured fires,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Such as a dream of heaven inspires,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">So seem the glad waves to have sought<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">From every place its richest treasure,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And borne it to that lovely spot,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To found thereon a home of pleasure;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A home where balmy airs might float<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Through spicy bower and orange grove;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Where bright-winged birds might turn the note<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Which tells of pure and constant love;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Where earthquake stay its demon force,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And hurricane its wrathful course;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Where nymph and fairy find a home,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And foot of spoiler never come.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And Og&eacute; stands mid this array<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Of matchless beauty, but his brow<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Is brightened not by pleasure's play;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">He stands unmoved&mdash;nay, saddened now,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As doth the lorn and mateless bird<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That constant mourns, whilst all unheard,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The breezes freighted with the strains<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Of other songsters sweep the plain,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That ne'er breathes forth a joyous note,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Though odors on the zephyrs float&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The tribute of a thousand bowers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Rich in their store of fragrant flowers.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Yet Og&eacute;'s was a mind that joyed<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">With nature in her every mood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Whether in sunshine unalloyed<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">With darkness, or in tempest rude<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And, by the dashing waterfall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Or by the gently flowing river,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Or listening to the thunder's call,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">He'd joy away his life forever.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But ah! life is a changeful thing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And pleasures swiftly pass away,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And we may turn, with shuddering,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">From what we sighed for yesterday.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The guest, at banquet-table spread<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With choicest viands, shakes with dread,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nor heeds the goblet bright and fair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nor tastes the dainties rich and rare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nor bids his eye with pleasure trace<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The wreathed flowers that deck the place,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">If he but knows there is a draught<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Among the cordials, that, if quaffed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Will send swift poison through his veins.<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">So Og&eacute; seems; nor does his eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With pleasure view the flowery plains,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The bounding sea, the spangled sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As, in the short and soft twilight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The stars peep brightly forth in heaven,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And hasten to the realms of night,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">As handmaids of the Even.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The loud shouts from the distant town,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Joined in with nature's gladsome lay;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The lights went glancing up and down,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Riv'ling the stars&mdash;nay, seemed as they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Could stoop to claim, in their high home,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">A sympathy with things of earth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And had from their bright mansions come,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To join them in their festal mirth.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For the land of the Gaul had arose in its might,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And swept by as the wind of a wild, wintry night;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the dreamings of greatness&mdash;the phantoms of power,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had passed in its breath like the things of an hour.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like the violet vapors that brilliantly play<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Round the glass of the chemist, then vanish away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The visions of grandeur which dazzlingly shone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had gleamed for a time, and all suddenly gone.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the fabric of ages&mdash;the glory of kings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Accounted most sacred mid sanctified things,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Reared up by the hero, preserved by the sage,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And drawn out in rich hues on the chronicler's page,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had sunk in the blast, and in ruins lay spread,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While the altar of freedom was reared in its stead.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And a spark from that shrine in the free-roving breeze,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had crossed from fair France to that isle of the seas;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And a flame was there kindled which fitfully shone<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mid the shout of the free, and the dark captive's groan;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As, mid contrary breezes, a torch-light will play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now streaming up brightly&mdash;now dying away.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The reptile slumbers in the stone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Nor dream we of his pent abode;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The heart conceals the anguished groan,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">With all the poignant griefs that goad<br /></span>
+<span class="i10">The brain to madness;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Within the hushed volcano's breast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The molten fires of ruin lie;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Thus human passions seem at rest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And on the brow serene and high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i10">Appears no sadness.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But still the fires are raging there,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Of vengeance, hatred, and despair;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And when they burst, they wildly pour<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Their lava flood of woe and fear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And in one short&mdash;one little hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Avenge the wrongs of many a year.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">And Og&eacute; standeth in his hall;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">But now he standeth not alone;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A brother's there, and friends; and all<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Are kindred spirits with his own;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For mind will join with kindred mind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As matter's with its like combined.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">They speak of wrongs they had received&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Of freemen, of their rights bereaved;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And as they pondered o'er the thought<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which in their minds so madly wrought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Their eyes gleamed as the lightning's flash,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Their words seemed as the torrent's dash<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That falleth, with a low, deep sound,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Into some dark abyss profound,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A sullen sound that threatens more<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Than other torrents' louder roar.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Ah! they had borne well as they might,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Such wrongs as freemen ill can bear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And they had urged both day and night,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">In fitting words, a freeman's prayer;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And when the heart is filled with grief,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">For wrongs of all true souls accurst,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In action it must seek relief,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Or else, o'ercharged, it can but burst.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Why blame we them, if they oft spake<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Words that were fitted to awake<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The soul's high hopes&mdash;its noblest parts&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The slumbering passions of brave hearts,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And send them as the simoom's breath,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Upon a work of woe and death?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And woman's voice is heard amid<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The accents of that warrior train;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And when has woman's voice e'er bid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And man could from its hest refrain?<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Hers is the power o'er his soul<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">That's never wielded by another,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And she doth claim this soft control<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">As sister, mistress, wife, or mother.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">So sweetly doth her soft voice float<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">O'er hearts by guilt or anguish riven,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">It seemeth as a magic note<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Struck from earth's harps by hands of heaven.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And there's the mother of Og&eacute;,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Who with firm voice, and steady heart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And look unaltered, well can play<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The Spartan mother's hardy part;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And send her sons to battle-fields,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And bid them come in triumph home,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Or stretched upon their bloody shields,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Rather than bear the bondman's doom.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">"Go forth," she said, "to victory;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Or else, go bravely forth to die!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Go forth to fields where glory floats<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In every trumpet's cheering notes!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Go forth, to where a freeman's death<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Glares in each cannon's fiery breath!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Go forth and triumph o'er the foe;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Or failing that, with pleasure go<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To molder on the battle-plain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Freed ever from the tyrant's chain!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But if your hearts should craven prove,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Forgetful of your zeal&mdash;your love<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For rights and franchises of men,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">My heart will break; but even then,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Whilst bidding life and earth adieu,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">This be the prayer I'll breathe for you:<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">'Passing from guilt to misery,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">May this for aye your portion be,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A life, dragged out beneath the rod&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">An end, abhorred of man and God&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As monument, the chains you nurse&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As epitaph, your mother's curse!'"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">A thousand hearts are breathing high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And voices shouting "Victory!"<br /></span>
+<span class="i6">Which soon will hush in death;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The trumpet clang of joy that speaks,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Will soon be drowned in the shrieks<br /></span>
+<span class="i6">Of the wounded's stifling breath,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The tyrant's plume in dust lies low&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Th' oppressed has triumphed o'er his foe.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But ah! the lull in the furious blast<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">May whisper not of ruin past;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">It may tell of the tempest hurrying on,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To complete the work the blast begun.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With the voice of a Syren, it may whisp'ringly tell<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Of a moment of hope in the deluge of rain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the shout of the free heart may rapt'rously swell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">While the tyrant is gath'ring his power again.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though the balm of the leech may soften the smart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">It never can turn the swift barb from its aim;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thus the resolve of the true freeman's heart<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">May not keep back his fall, though it free it from shame.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though the hearts of those heroes all well could accord<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With freedom's most noble and loftiest word;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their virtuous strength availeth them nought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With the power and skill that the tyrant brought.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gray veterans trained in many a field<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where the fate of nations with blood was sealed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Italia's vales&mdash;on the shores of the Rhine&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where the plains of fair France give birth to the vine&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where the Tagus, the Ebro, go dancing along,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Made glad in their course by the Muleteer's song&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All these were poured down in the pride of their might,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On the land of Og&eacute;, in that terrible fight.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah! dire was the conflict, and many the slain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who slept the last sleep on that red battle-plain!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The flash of the cannon o'er valley and height<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Danced like the swift fires of a northern night,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or the quivering glare which leaps forth as a token<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That the King of the Storm from his cloud-throne has spoken.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And oh! to those heroes how welcome the fate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of Sparta's brave sons in Thermopyl&aelig;'s strait;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With what ardor of soul they then would have given<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their last look at earth for a long glance at heaven!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their lives to their country&mdash;their backs to the sod&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their heart's blood to the sword, and their souls to their God!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But alas! although many lie silent and slain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More blest are they far than those clanking the chain,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the hold of the tyrant, debarred from the day;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And among these sad captives is Vincent Og&eacute;!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Another day's bright sun has risen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And shines upon the insurgent's prison;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Another night has slowly passed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And Og&eacute; smiles, for 'tis the last<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">He'll droop beneath the tyrant's power&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The galling chains! Another hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And answering to the jailor's call,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">He stands within the Judgment Hall.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">They've gathered there;&mdash;they who have pressed<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Their fangs into the soul distressed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">To pain its passage to the tomb<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With mock'ry of a legal doom.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">They've gathered there;&mdash;they who have stood<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Firmly and fast in hour of blood,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Who've seen the lights of hope all die,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As stars fade from a morning sky,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">They've gathered there, in that dark hour&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The latest of the tyrant's power,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">An hour that speaketh of the day<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which never more shall pass away,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The glorious day beyond the grave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which knows no master&mdash;owns no slave.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And there, too, are the rack&mdash;the wheel&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The torturing screw&mdash;the piercing steel,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Grim powers of death all crusted o'er<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With other victims' clotted gore.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Frowning they stand, and in their cold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Silent solemnity, unfold<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The strong one's triumph o'er the weak&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The awful groan&mdash;the anguished shriek&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The unconscious mutt'rings of despair&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The strained eyeball's idiot stare&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The hopeless clench&mdash;the quiv'ring frame&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The martyr's death&mdash;the despot's shame.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The rack&mdash;the tyrant&mdash;victim,&mdash;all<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Are gathered in that Judgment Hall.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Draw we the veil, for 'tis a sight<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But friends can gaze on with delight.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The sunbeams on the rack that play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">For sudden terror flit away<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">From this dread work of war and death,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As angels do with quickened breath,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">From some dark deed of deepest sin,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Ere they have drunk its spirit in.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">No mighty host with banners flying,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Seems fiercer to a conquered foe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Than did those gallant heroes dying,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To those who gloated o'er their woe;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Grim tigers, who have seized their prey,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Then turn and shrink abashed away;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And, coming back and crouching nigh,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Quail 'neath the flashing of the eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which tells that though the life has started,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The will to strike has not departed.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2 letterBig">*****<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Sad was your fate, heroic band!<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Yet mourn we not, for yours' the stand<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which will secure to you a fame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That never dieth, and a name<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That will, in coming ages, be<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">A signal word for Liberty.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Upon the slave's o'erclouded sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Your gallant actions traced the bow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which whispered of deliv'rance nigh&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The meed of one decisive blow.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Thy coming fame, Og&eacute;! is sure;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Thy name with that of L'Ouverture,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And all the noble souls that stood<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With both of you, in times of blood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Will live to be the tyrant's fear&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Will live, the sinking soul to cheer!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p60.png" width="275" height="44" alt="(signature) George B. Vashon." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) George B. Vashon.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Syracuse</span>, N. Y., August 31st, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Law_of_Liberty" id="The_Law_of_Liberty"></a>The Law of Liberty</h2>
+
+
+<p>Freedom, under the proper restraint of Law and Duty, is a <i>political</i>
+good, for that which is morally wrong can never be politically right.</p>
+
+<p>Fine moral sense will pour indignation on oppression, as well as
+applause on worth. It will give sympathy to the afflicted, and
+treasures to relieve the needy. Such a spirit will exalt a nation, and
+command the respect of other nations. But general freedom can only
+flourish beneath the undisturbed dominion of equitable laws.</p>
+
+<p>Governments should aim at the welfare of the people, and that
+government which secures the person, the property, the liberty, the
+lives of dutiful subjects, and thus makes the common good the rule and
+measure of its government, will receive a blessing from God.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Let America act on her own avowed principles, that every man is born
+free, and she will be exalted, when tyrannical, persecuting,
+slaveholding nations will come to nought.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p62.png" width="275" height="72" alt="(signature) Wm. Marsh, D. D." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Wm. Marsh, D. D.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="author clear">H. Canon of Worcester.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="The_Swiftness_of_Time_in_God" id="The_Swiftness_of_Time_in_God"></a>The Swiftness of Time in God.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">from the knaben wunderhorn.</span> (<span class="smcap">b.i.</span> p. 73, <i>et seq.</i>)</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The general at Grosswardein<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Had once a little daughter fine:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her name was called Theresia,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">God-loving, modest, chaste and fair:<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And from her childhood up was she<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Most deeply given to piety,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With prayers and music's solemn tone<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She ever praised the Three-in-One.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Whene'er she heard of Jesus' name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her love and joy flamed brighter flame;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Jesus to serve she makes her cross,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Devotes herself to be his Spouse.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A noble lord came her to woo,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her father gave consent thereto;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The mother to her daughter said,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Dear child, this man thou'lt surely wed."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The daughter said, "Mother of me<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That can and must not ever be.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My heart is fixed on higher worth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Bridegroom he not of this earth."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The mother then, "My daughter dear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah, do not contradict us here,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy sire and I we both are old,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And God has blessed our toil with gold."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thereat the maid began to weep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"I have a lover beloved so deep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To him I've made my promise down;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'll wear for him a virgin crown."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thereat the sire, "This must not be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My child away this phantasy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where wilt thou dwell when past thy prime?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We both are old, far gone in time!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The noble lord again draws near,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And even the bridal feast prepare,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For all things soon were ready made,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But sorrow veils the maiden's head.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Quick to the garden, goeth she,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There falls she down upon her knee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Out from her heart her prayer she poured<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To Jesus her espoused Lord.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She lay before him on her face,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sighed with sighs to win his grace.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dearest Christ the clouds unrolled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Look up," said he, "my maid behold!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Thou yet shalt be, in briefest time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In heaven with me in joy's full prime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And mid the lovely angels there,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In full delight and joy appear."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He greets the maiden wondrous fair:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She stands before him without fear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Down cast her eyes with modest grace,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She felt the beauty of his face.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then speaks the youth, the heavenly King,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And weds her with a golden ring;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Look there, my bride! Love's pledge for thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh, wear it on thy hand for me."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The maiden then sweet vows took,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"My Bridegroom dear!" to Christ she spoke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Herewith art thou firm wed to me,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Henceforth my heart loves none but thee."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then walked abroad the married pair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And gathered many a blossom fair;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Jesus thus spake to her anew:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Come, and my lovely garden view!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He took the maiden by the hand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And led her from her fatherland,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unto his Father's garden fair<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where many beauteous blossoms are.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The maiden now with joy may win<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The precious fruits which grow therein;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But mortal fancy cannot know<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The noble fruits therein which grow.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She hears such music and such song,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That length of time seems nothing long,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And silver-white the brooklets there<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flow ever on so pure and fair.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The youth again addressed the maid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"My garden here thou hast surveyed.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I will again conduct thee home.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To thine own land, the time is come."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The maiden turns with grief away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Comes to the town without delay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The watchman calls, "Stand, who goes there?"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She says, "I to my father must repair!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Who is your father, then," quoth he,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"The general," she answers free.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The watchman then replied and smiled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"The general;&mdash;he has no child."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But by her garments all men see,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The maiden is of high degree.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The watchman then conducts her straight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Before the guardians of the State.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The maid declares and stands thereto,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The general is her father true.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And but two hours have scarcely flown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Since she went out to walk alone.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The guardians saw a wonder great,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And asked where she had been of late;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her father's name, his power and race,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That she must tell them face to face.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">They searched the ancient records through,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And this they found was written true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That once was lost a bride so fine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From this same city Grosswardein.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The length of time they came to try,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sixteen years they find passed by;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And yet the maid was fresh and fair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As when first in her fifteenth year.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thereby the guardians understand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This is the work of God's own hand.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They bring the maiden food to eat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She turns white as a winding-sheet.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Of earthly things I wish for nought,"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cries she; "but let a priest be brought,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That I may take ere death is sent,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The body true in sacrament.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">As soon as this last act was done&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And many a Christian looked thereon&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Free from all pain and mortal smart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then ceased to beat that holy heart.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 207px;">
+<img src="images/p69.png" width="207" height="59" alt="(signature) Theo. Parker" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Theo. Parker</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Visit_of_a_Fugitive_Slave_to_the_Grave_of_Wilberforce" id="Visit_of_a_Fugitive_Slave_to_the_Grave_of_Wilberforce"></a>Visit of a Fugitive Slave to the Grave of Wilberforce.</h2>
+
+
+<p>On a beautiful morning in the month of June, while strolling about
+Trafalgar Square, I was attracted to the base of the Nelson column,
+where a crowd was standing gazing at the bas-relief representations of
+some of the great naval exploits of the man whose statue stands on the
+top of the pillar. The death-wound which the hero received on board
+the Victory, and his being carried from the ship's deck by his
+companions, is executed with great skill. Being no admirer of warlike
+heroes, I was on the point of turning away, when I perceived among the
+figures (which were as large as life) a full-blooded African, with as
+white a set of teeth as ever I had seen, and all the other
+peculiarities of feature that distinguish that race from the rest of
+the human family, with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> musket in hand and a dejected countenance,
+which told that he had been in the heat of the battle, and shared with
+the other soldiers the pain in the loss of their commander. However,
+as soon as I saw my sable brother, I felt more at home, and remained
+longer than I had intended. Here was the Negro, as black a man as was
+ever imported from the coast of Africa, represented in his proper
+place by the side of Lord Nelson, on one of England's proudest
+monuments. How different, thought I, was the position assigned to the
+colored man on similar monuments in the United States. Some years
+since, while standing under the shade of the monument erected to the
+memory of the brave Americans who fell at the storming of Fort
+Griswold, Connecticut, I felt a degree of pride as I beheld the names
+of two Africans who had fallen in the fight, yet I was grieved but not
+surprised to find their names colonized off, and a line drawn between
+them and the whites. This was in keeping with American historical
+injustice to its colored heroes.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 332px;">
+<img src="images/p70.jpg" width="332" height="500" alt="Wm. W. Brown. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Wm. W. Brown. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The conspicuous place assigned to this representative of an injured
+race, by the side of one of England's greatest heroes, brought vividly
+before my eye<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> the wrongs of Africa and the philanthropic man of Great
+Britain, who had labored so long and so successfully for the abolition
+of the slave trade, and the emancipation of the slaves of the West
+Indies; and I at once resolved to pay a visit to the grave of
+Wilberforce.</p>
+
+<p>A half an hour after, I entered Westminster Abbey, at Poets' Corner,
+and proceeded in search of the patriot's tomb; I had, however, gone
+but a few steps, when I found myself in front of the tablet erected to
+the memory of Granville Sharpe, by the African Institution of London,
+in 1816; upon the marble was a long inscription, recapitulating many
+of the deeds of this benevolent man, and from which I copied the
+following:&mdash;"He aimed to rescue his native country from the guilt and
+inconsistency of employing the arm of freedom to rivet the fetters of
+bondage, and establish for the negro race, in the person of Somerset,
+the long-disputed rights of human nature. Having in this glorious
+cause triumphed over the combined resistance of interest, prejudice,
+and pride, he took his post among the foremost of the honorable band
+associated to deliver Africa from the rapacity of Europe, by the
+abolition of the slave-trade; nor was death<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> permitted to interrupt
+his career of usefulness, till he had witnessed that act of the
+British Parliament by which the abolition was decreed." After viewing
+minutely the profile of this able defender of the negro's rights,
+which was finely chiselled on the tablet, I took a hasty glance at
+Shakspeare, on the one side, and Dryden on the other, and then passed
+on, and was soon in the north aisle, looking upon the mementoes placed
+in honor of genius. There stood a grand and expressive monument to Sir
+Isaac Newton, which was in every way worthy of the great man to whose
+memory it was erected. A short distance from that was a statue to
+Addison, representing the great writer clad in his morning gown,
+looking as if he had just left the study, after finishing some chosen
+article for the <i>Spectator</i>. The stately monument to the Earl of
+Chatham is the most attractive in this part of the Abbey. Fox, Pitt,
+Grattan, and many others, are here represented by monuments. I had to
+stop at the splendid marble erected to the memory of Sir Fowell
+Buxton, Bart. A long inscription enumerates his many good qualities,
+and concludes by saying:&mdash;"This monument is erected by his friends and
+fellow-laborers, at home and abroad, assisted by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> the grateful
+contributions of many thousands of the African race." A few steps
+further and I was standing over the ashes of Wilberforce. In no other
+place so small do so many great men lie together. The following is the
+inscription on the monument erected to the memory of this devoted
+friend of the oppressed and degraded negro race:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"To the memory of <span class="smcap">William Wilberforce</span>, born in Hull, August 24, 1759,
+died in London, July 29, 1833. For nearly half a century a member of
+the House of Commons, and for six parliaments during that period, one
+of the two representatives for Yorkshire. In an age and country
+fertile in great and good men, he was among the foremost of those who
+fixed the character of their times; because to high and various
+talents, to warm benevolence, and to universal candor, he added the
+abiding eloquence of a Christian life. Eminent as he was in every
+department of public labor, and a leader in every work of charity,
+whether to relieve the temporal or the spiritual wants of his fellow
+men, his name will ever be specially identified with those exertions
+which, by the blessings of God, removed from England the guilt of the
+African slave-trade, and prepared the way for the abolition<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> of
+slavery in every colony of the empire. In the prosecution of these
+objects, he relied not in vain on God; but, in the progress, he was
+called to endure great obloquy and great opposition. He outlived,
+however, all enmity, and, in the evening of his days, withdrew from
+public life and public observation, to the bosom of his family. Yet he
+died not unnoticed or forgotten by his country; the Peers and Commons
+of England, with the Lord Chancellor and the Speaker at their head, in
+solemn procession from their respective houses, carried him to his
+fitting place among the mighty dead around, here to repose, till,
+through the merits of Jesus Christ his only Redeemer and Saviour, whom
+in his life and in his writings he had desired to glorify, he shall
+rise in the resurrection of the just."</p>
+
+<p>The monument is a fine one; his figure is seated on a pedestal, very
+ingeniously done, and truly expressive of his age, and the pleasure he
+seemed to derive from his own thoughts. Either the orator or the poet
+have said or sung the praises of most of the great men who lie buried
+in Westminster Abbey, in enchanting strains. The statues of heroes,
+princes, and statesmen are there to proclaim their power, worth, or
+brilliant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> genius, to posterity. But as time shall step between them
+and the future, none will be sought after with more enthusiasm or
+greater pleasure than that of Wilberforce. No man's philosophy was
+ever moulded in a nobler cast than his; it was founded in the school
+of Christianity, which was, that all men are by nature equal; that
+they are wisely and justly endowed by their Creator with certain
+rights which are irrefragable, and no matter how human pride and
+avarice may depress and debase, still God is the author of good to
+man; and of evil, man is the artificer to himself and to his species.
+Unlike Plato and Socrates, his mind was free from the gloom that
+surrounded theirs. Let the name, the worth, the zeal, and other
+excellent qualifications of this noble man, ever live in our hearts,
+let his deeds ever be the theme of our praise, and let us teach our
+children to honor and love the name of William Wilberforce.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p76.png" width="275" height="47" alt="(signature) W. Wells Brown." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) W. Wells Brown.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">London</span>.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Narrative_of_Albert_and_Mary" id="Narrative_of_Albert_and_Mary"></a>Narrative of Albert and Mary.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It was a beautiful morning as ever glittered over the broad Atlantic.
+The sun had the brightness and the sky the soft cerulean with which
+the month of June adorns the latitude of Carolina. The sea was not
+heavy nor rolling, but its motion was just enough to make its waves
+sparkle under the slanting rays of the morning sun.</p>
+
+<p>Mary stood with her betrothed in the bow of the boat, as it gracefully
+ploughed its way towards New York. She was only eighteen, and Albert
+was just twenty.</p>
+
+<p>Mary was on her way to Troy, to complete her studies in the excellent
+institution for young ladies, which has sent out some of the brightest
+ornaments of their sex, to refine and bless the world. She had been
+entrusted to Albert's care, who was to spend<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> his summer in New York,
+in the pursuit of the legal profession. They were both Carolinians,
+and had no little of that ardent spirit which distinguishes the youth
+of the South; while their well-developed forms, their intellectual
+countenances, and their sensible speech, placed them in association
+beyond their years.</p>
+
+<p>As Mary leaned upon the arm of her gallant protector, their
+conversation sparkled as the ocean spray that dashed against steamer's
+bow. But suddenly, as the jet black eye of Albert Gillon caught the
+soft blue of Mary's, he started at the discovery of a tear trembling
+upon her eye-lash.</p>
+
+<p>"Sweet Mary, what saddens you?"</p>
+
+<p>"Ah! Albert, the greatest trial of my feelings is the thought that you
+have never yet consecrated yourself to Christ."</p>
+
+<p>"I have," replied Albert, "no natural repugnance to religion. On the
+contrary, I see and acknowledge God in all his works and in all his
+providence, as the author and supreme ruler of all things. But, Mary,
+I do not understand the God of the Bible. I do not understand how they
+who claim to be God's own people, and have the distinguishing title of
+Christians,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span> are, many of them, far worse in moral character, than
+those who make no such profession. I do not mean hypocrites; but those
+who are actually respected as orthodox Christians. There is Mr. Verse,
+of Philadelphia, for instance, who has a high place as a religious
+editor, and discusses the doctrines of Christianity with a zeal which
+shows he takes deep interest in his work, and yet young as I am, and
+gay as I am, I can see that in his practical application of
+Christianity, he teaches sentiments at variance with the plainest
+principles of moral truth; and he sets himself against those whose
+moral character is above reproach; and rebukes them as infidels in
+their very efforts to elevate the moral tone of society. How is it
+that Mr. Verse is recognized as a Christian, and these excellent men
+are avoided as infidels? Why is he fit for heaven, and they must be
+cast down to hell? I don't understand it."</p>
+
+<p>"I know," replied Mary, "that wiser heads than mine find difficulty in
+answering your question; and it would be presumptuous in me to signify
+that I can solve it to your satisfaction. But still, Albert, your
+observations only confirm, in my own mind, your total ignorance of
+what constitutes a Christian. Albert,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> it is not morality; it is not
+consistency of practice with profession; it is not the <i>doing</i> right
+that makes a Christian, for if man could have attained to entire
+correctness in morals, there would have been no such thing as
+Christianity. But it is because of man's wickedness and his
+inconsistency, both in theory and in practice, that the Christian
+religion is presented as the means of attaining to <i>salvation</i>. Christ
+makes the Christian&mdash;the Christian in Christ and Christ in the
+Christian&mdash;a loving, affectionate, endearing union&mdash;of ignorance with
+wisdom, of infirmity with strength, of immorality with virtue. Christ
+throws his robe of righteousness over the follies and the wickedness
+of the converted soul, and by covering him with himself, gradually
+similates him to himself until what is carnal being cast off, the
+spiritual remains at death a pure child of God."</p>
+
+<p>"Dear me, Mary, you look lovely as you speak this mysterious theology.
+And I really pant after such feelings as I see beaming from your
+countenance; but you might just as well speak to me in Arabic for any
+understanding I can have of this thing called Christianity. It must be
+something good, or it could not thus fill your own soul, intelligent
+as you are,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> with a joy that makes you indifferent to those gaieties
+of life which give me pleasure."</p>
+
+<p>"You need," said Mary, "the teachings of God's spirit. You know I took
+delight in those things a year ago, but God's spirit taught me that I
+was sinning in partaking of them. I was at Fayolle's, dancing, and, in
+the midst of a figure in the cotillon, my head became giddy, and I had
+to be supported to a seat. I soon recovered, but the thought of a
+sudden death distressed me, for it came very forcibly to my mind&mdash;I am
+a wicked sinner."</p>
+
+<p>"O, Mary, Mary," interrupted Albert, "you did not think yourself a
+sinner!"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, Albert, I did. I had never thought so before, but had rather
+prided myself upon being called a good girl by all my acquaintances.
+But I now saw things in a different light; and when I went home and
+began self-examination, I soon found I had a very wicked heart. I
+tried to do better, but the more I tried to live unto God the more I
+discovered the proneness of my heart to sin. I tried to think good
+thoughts, and evil thoughts came directly in my way to mar my peace.
+Day after day I made effort to purify my thoughts. It was all in vain.
+A pure<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> thought immediately suggested its opposite, and I found myself
+more familiar with the evil than the good. It shocked me. But I
+penetrated deeper and deeper into my own heart&mdash;into the iniquity of
+my soul, until I despaired of ever sounding its depth. I then cried to
+God to have mercy on me. He heard my prayer, and Jesus Christ came to
+my help. I felt that he had suffered in my stead, and had poured out
+his blood as an atonement for my sins. I found peace to my soul as I
+cast myself, a poor, helpless sinner, upon his atoning altar, and
+bathed myself in his all-cleansing blood."</p>
+
+<p>Mary could proceed no farther, for the tears began to flow too
+rapidly, and her emotion might have been noticed by others than
+Albert.</p>
+
+<p>The wind, too, began to rise, and it blew so fresh that they retired
+to the cabin, where Albert occupied himself with a game of chess, and
+Mary read, with evident pleasure, such parts of her dearly-prized
+Bible which suited the state of her mind, occasionally calling
+Albert's attention to some passage particularly striking.</p>
+
+<p>In the afternoon, Mary took her seat in a position to enjoy the best
+view of the western sky, in which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> floated, in all their gorgeousness,
+the variegated sun-lit clouds.</p>
+
+<p>Albert soon joined her. "Well, Mary, you seem to be meditating; but
+allow me to participate in the luxury of your reflections upon that
+splendid horizon."</p>
+
+<p>"Indeed, Albert, I was thinking how much more impressive is such
+scenery than the traveller on land enjoys. In the rapid succession of
+scenery and variety of faces, as the coach or the steam car drives
+rapidly onward, everything one sees increases the mind's confusion.
+Whatever he casts his eye upon, worthy of admiration, attracts his
+attention but a moment; and the sublimity of mountain heights, the
+gaudy decorations of fertile valleys, and the frowning grandeur of
+rocks, as they cast their dark shadow upon some foaming torrent, flit
+by him as a dream of twilight, and leave upon his memory only pencil
+outlines of the beautiful and the sublime. Not so the voyager on the
+ocean. Here the beautiful imprints itself ineffaceably in all its
+sparkling and its gorgeous variety upon the enchanted mind, and the
+grand and the sublime raise such a tempest of wonder in the soul that
+the ocean ever after rolls its foaming waves over the broad expanse of
+memory."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Mary," said Albert, "these clouds, floating so gracefully on the
+ocean, and this gorgeous horizon inspiring your poetic fancy, are
+something more than mere sky drapery, for you'll perceive that the
+wind is becoming boisterous, and I fear we are going to have a stormy
+night."</p>
+
+<p>"You do not feel alarmed, do you Albert?"</p>
+
+<p>"I cannot say I feel alarmed; but I would be more comfortable at this
+time if I had not so precious a charge. There may be no real danger,
+but there can be no harm in preparing for what might happen. If we
+should have a storm I wish you would take your seat on that large box,
+so as to appropriate it and keep it. Your father brought me two
+life-preservers and a good cord, when we came on board, and charged me
+to use them in case of accident. You smile, Mary, at my earnestness,
+and perhaps my love for you induces anxiety which circumstances do not
+warrant. Still you can keep in mind my directions."</p>
+
+<p>Albert walked towards the bow of the steamer, while Mary again fixed
+her attention upon the variegated clouds. She did not participate in
+Albert's apprehensions, and thought his anxiety needless. Yet his
+earnest request made that sort of impression upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> her mind which
+rather conduced to religious contemplation.</p>
+
+<p>The broad disk of the sun could be seen through the floating cloud,
+and as Albert returned, Mary remarked:&mdash;"Albert, an hour ago I tried
+to look at the sun, but his light dazzled my eyes to blindness. I
+could not mark its shape nor perceive its beauty. But now the cloud
+floats before it, and through its light vapor I see the sun's circular
+infinity, and admire its beauty and its glory undazzled by its
+effulgence. So it is I see God through Christ, as he transmits the
+glory of his Father. And it is by thus seeing God through Christ,
+instead of by the eyes of intellect and mere mental observation, that
+I obtain hope in God and feel prepared to enter upon the realities of
+that world which is eternally lighted by the invisible presence of
+Jehovah. Seeing him in Christ Jesus, I feel an assurance of his mercy,
+and am freed from those apprehensions which your scepticism and
+distrust occasion yourself."</p>
+
+<p>"My dear Mary," replied Albert, "do not suppose my counsel to you
+originated in any fear for myself personally. It may be from want of
+reflection, but really I do not know what the fear of death is. Your<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>
+safety, Mary, is the cause of my present anxiety. I do not doubt your
+preparation for eternity, but I am not willing to resign you yet to
+the companionship of angels. If you perish beneath these billows, and
+I survive, my hope for happiness in this life is blasted. What is to
+be beyond the grave I know not; and my religion concerns the life that
+now is. I must make the best of time, and leave eternity to be taken
+account of when I am fairly launched into it. Perhaps enjoying this
+world with you, I might learn from you to prepare for eternity. At
+present my care must be to get my dear Mary safely over this
+treacherous ocean."</p>
+
+<p>The sun now sank beneath the western horizon. The variegated colors of
+the sky were rapidly commingling into one dense canopy of gloom.</p>
+
+<p>The passengers earnestly inquired of the captain about the prospect.
+He hoped to run into the port of Wilmington, but he exhorted them to
+have brave hearts for the danger was imminent. The storm was rapidly
+increasing. All urged that the pressure of steam be increased to the
+utmost capacity of the boat.</p>
+
+<p>O, what an anxious crowd were upon the deck of that steamer, as they
+strained their eyes towards the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> land, and anon lost their balance by
+the dashing of the billows! The lightning played with terrific
+splendor, alternating with the blackness of the heavens; and the roar
+of the waves was only hushed by the awful artillery of the skies.</p>
+
+<p>Mary was sitting where Albert had directed, awaiting with great
+calmness the result of the storm.</p>
+
+<p>Albert carefully fastened her with a cord to the box, having first
+placed beneath her arms the life-preserver. Placing another
+life-preserver around himself, he stood by Mary's side with watchful
+anxiety. Suddenly a heavy sea threw the boat forcibly to one side, and
+Albert mechanically stretching forth his hand to save himself,
+accidentally got caught in the rope that he had entwined about the
+box, and with Mary was tossed into the sea and overwhelmed with the
+waves.</p>
+
+<p>The steamer was several hundred yards ahead of them before Albert
+succeeded in adjusting his position to maintain a good hold upon the
+box. His first thought was to examine how Mary was situated. The
+lightning gave him sufficient assurance that she was alive and unhurt.
+At that moment a dreadful explosion directed their eyes towards the
+steamer,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span> and the awful sight was exhibited of their late associates
+blown into the air and then sinking beneath the waves.</p>
+
+<p>The loss of the Pulaski has made many a flowing tear. But few were
+left to tell the horrors of that night. The public are familiar with
+their description of the sad disaster. But they knew not the fate of
+Albert and Mary, and only added them to the catalogue of the lost.</p>
+
+<p>It was with the greatest difficulty that Albert could afford his
+charge any aid, and they must both soon have perished if the storm had
+been long protracted. But fortunately, the wind shifting, the clouds
+were soon dispersed, and the stars shone out brightly.</p>
+
+<p>Before morning they were rescued from their perilous situation, and
+found themselves, on recovering from their exhaustion, in the
+comfortable cabin of a fast-sailing brig. The storm, although
+exceedingly perilous to a steamboat, was not such as to damage a
+well-trimmed vessel; and the brig, soon after the explosion, bore down
+towards the wreck, and recovered from a watery grave the interesting
+subjects of our narrative.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mary was taken on board in a state of entire unconsciousness, while
+Albert was too much interested for her to make any special observation
+of the persons by whom they were rescued.</p>
+
+<p>After seeing her sufficiently restored to animation to be left to
+repose, he retired from her state-room and suffered himself to be
+assisted to a berth.</p>
+
+<p>The sun was high in the heavens when they were awaked from their
+slumber and invited to breakfast. Every accommodation in the way of
+dry clothing was supplied them, and they met in the saloon of the brig
+to embrace, in the transport of grateful hearts.</p>
+
+<p>Having recovered their self-possession, they looked around for their
+deliverers. None were in the saloon with them but a
+highly-accomplished looking lady and the steward and stewardess.</p>
+
+<p>The lady saluted them in the blandest and most refined manner, and
+expressed her sincere gratification that they had been so soon
+delivered from their perilous situation, and were already so well
+recovered from their exhaustion.</p>
+
+<p>"To whom, Madam," said Albert, "are we indebted for these expressions
+of kindness and tender solicitude?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I am, sir, the wife of the captain and master of this brig. My
+husband will pay you his respects as soon as you have partaken of some
+of this warm Java and these hot rolls."</p>
+
+<p>"I would not," said Mary, "be doing justice to my own feelings were I
+to sit down to breakfast without first asking your liberty, Madam, to
+read a beautiful psalm which occurs to my mind at this moment."</p>
+
+<p>"Certainly," said the lady; "and, steward, invite the chaplain in to
+offer prayer. Doubtless it will be perfectly agreeable to our young
+guests."</p>
+
+<p>A reverend and benevolent looking gentleman, in black, soon entered
+from the deck, and, in the kindest manner and address, saluted the
+young couple, expressing, with deep emotion, his sympathy with them
+and his anxiety in their behalf.</p>
+
+<p>Mary pointed out to him the Psalm she had selected. He read it; made a
+few highly-appropriate comments, and, while all knelt, such a strain
+of grateful praise and of fervent prayer flowed from the lips of the
+warm-hearted minister as seldom is surpassed.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gracelius, for this was the minister's name, was of the orthodox
+faith, and had long been engaged in preaching the doctrines of the
+Calvinistic school. Yet<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> he was not bigoted or rigid. His heart was
+full of the milk of human kindness, and he carried conviction to his
+hearers, not more by the strength of his logic than the benignity of
+his address. He was just such a minister as the devout and
+accomplished Mary St. Clair would have full confidence in. She was
+delighted to think that she had been so fortunate as to meet such a
+friend and spiritual counsellor at such a time; and she at once gave
+utterance to the warm feelings of her heart, and begged that Mr.
+Gracelius would feel at perfect liberty to counsel and advise her.</p>
+
+<p>"My advice then is, my dear young sister, that first of all you sit
+down to your breakfast, and allow Mrs. Templeton to help you and the
+young gentleman to your coffee."</p>
+
+<p>Albert and Mary could not but feel that they had fallen among true
+friends. And, having eaten a cheerful breakfast, they both expressed
+their sincere gratitude to their kind hostess, which she received with
+equally deep emotion.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Templeton now entered, and with great courteousness, blended
+with warmth of address, gave his hand to Albert, and, with a graceful
+bow to Mary, expressed the pleasure he felt in having rescued them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
+from a watery grave. "And now, my young friends," said the Captain, "I
+wish you to make yourselves perfectly at home in my vessel; and as
+soon as I can with safety restore you to your friends, I shall do so."</p>
+
+<p>"Permit me to inquire," said Albert, "to what port you are destined?"</p>
+
+<p>"We do not go into any harbor in the United States," replied the
+Captain; "but should we meet with a merchant vessel under favorable
+circumstances, you will be placed on board."</p>
+
+<p>"Is not this a merchant vessel?" inquired Albert.</p>
+
+<p>"No, sir. This is an armed brig."</p>
+
+<p>"Of what nation?" asked Albert.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain smiled as, with a courteous bow, he replied, "We are
+pirates;" and immediately went on deck, leaving Albert and Mary in
+perfect amazement.</p>
+
+<p>Recovering himself in a moment, Albert said to Mrs. Templeton: "Your
+husband is very jocose!"</p>
+
+<p>"No, sir; he was serious in what he said. We are pirates. But you need
+be under no apprehension of danger, nor feel the slightest alarm. I
+know that you have been trained to believe that pirates are
+necessarily devoid of humane feelings, and are ever thirsting for
+blood. But I trust we are as hospitable and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> kind a people to our
+guests, as are to be found on land."</p>
+
+<p>Albert and Mary were indeed the guests of a piratical crew; but they
+were soon relieved of all apprehension of personal danger; for there
+was that in the deportment of all on board which satisfied them of a
+sincere desire to serve and accommodate them in every way.</p>
+
+<p>A few days brought them into such intimacy with the crew that they
+spoke with freedom, even on the subject of piracy. They were indeed
+astonished to find that even Mr. Gracelius advocated the claims of
+pirates as a civilized and religious people.</p>
+
+<p>On board the brig they had morning and evening prayers, and a lecture
+one evening in the week, and two sermons on the Sabbath. What seemed
+particularly remarkable was the sound evangelical faith of the Captain
+and his family, and the unexceptionable doctrines that were preached
+by their minister. There was so much fervor, earnestness, and pathos
+in the sermons of Mr. Gracelius, that Mary was constrained to admit to
+Mrs. Templeton that she had never heard better.</p>
+
+<p>They had been on the brig about three weeks,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> without any event
+calculated to disturb the sensibilities of our young friends, beyond
+the unaccountably strange sentiments of the piratical crew. Everything
+was conducted with so much order and propriety, good taste and moral
+deportment, that they could scarcely believe at times otherwise than
+that a mere sportive hoax was being played upon them.</p>
+
+<p>But the tranquil, social pastimes were now interrupted by a new scene
+of action.</p>
+
+<p>It was a pleasant morning; a gentle breeze filled the sails. An
+unusual arrangement of the vessel attracted the attention of Albert.
+Soon he observed men at the guns, and Captain Templeton standing in a
+commanding position. The brig was bearing down upon a French
+merchantman.</p>
+
+<p>Albert hastened to Mary, and disclosed to her the state of things.
+Mary at first trembled, but soon composed herself with trust in God.
+Albert, taking her arm into his, led her to where Captain Templeton
+was standing:</p>
+
+<p>"Captain," said Albert, "I perceive you are bearing down upon that
+merchant vessel. Is it your object to place us on board, or do you
+design to capture her?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Gillon," replied the Captain, "I shall see to it that you and
+your young charge are safely provided for; and that you may be
+perfectly easy on that score, I now inform you that when I take
+possession of that merchantman, I shall make arrangements for you to
+be taken in her to a suitable port, whence you can find your way to
+your friends. Be composed now, and pay such attention to Miss St.
+Clair as the unusual occasion may seem in your judgment to require. In
+a few moments we shall have something to do, and perhaps a necessity
+to use our guns. But I hope not. If you will retire to the cabin, Mrs.
+Templeton will entertain you there better than you are likely to be on
+deck."</p>
+
+<p>There was so much politeness in the Captain's manner, and yet evident
+fixedness of purpose, that Albert attempted no answer. There was now
+no doubt that their hospitable entertainers were pirates. They retired
+to the cabin, and sat there in profound silence. Soon Mrs. Templeton
+came in, and in her gentle winning manner began to prepare Mary for
+the scenes that might transpire.</p>
+
+<p>"You must not be alarmed, my dear. You will be perfectly safe. I only
+regret we are so soon likely to lose your company."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"O Mrs. Templeton!" said Mary, "how can you prosecute such a life! It
+is so wicked! Excuse me, ma'am, but I cannot suppress my feelings of
+horror."</p>
+
+<p>At this moment the conversation was interrupted by the entrance of
+Captain Templeton, who, with a calm countenance, said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Wife, I perceive that there are several guns on that vessel, and I
+judge that the crew and passengers are somewhat numerous. We shall
+have to proceed with caution, and as we are likely to have somewhat of
+a warm time, I think I should feel better satisfied to have a season
+of prayer."</p>
+
+<p>Albert knit his brow in moody silence. Mary heaved a deep sigh. Mr.
+Gracelius was called in, and having read the 20th Psalm, he offered up
+the following prayer:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! Thou mighty God of Jacob, who didst accompany Thine ancient
+Israel through all their trials, and didst fight their battles for
+them, we thank Thee that Thou hast taught us to put our trust in Thee.
+And we beseech Thee, oh! blessed Father, for the sake of Thine own Son
+Jesus Christ, to help us at this time in our endeavor to appropriate
+to the support of this branch of thy Zion, the treasures which, for
+the mere<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> purposes of an unhallowed commerce, are being transported to
+that people who have ever distinguished themselves by their
+infidelity, and by their scorn of all true religion; who have also by
+their mighty leaders devastated kingdoms and shed seas of blood to
+gratify a vain-glorious ambition.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! Lord, we would not shed blood needlessly, and we therefore pray
+Thee to enable us in the approaching conflict, to have a single eye to
+Thy glory, and thus preserve a calm and kind temper, whatsoever may be
+the resistance offered on this occasion. And wilt Thou, O Lord, assist
+our beloved captain to do his duty, and to so command his men and
+order the battle, that when all shall be over, he may have a
+conscience void of offence towards God and towards man. And whatsoever
+treasures may come to us, may we gratefully employ in Thy service and
+to Thy glory, remembering that Jesus Christ, who died for us and rose
+again for our justification, first became poor, that we through his
+poverty might be made rich, and therefore that we ought to use our
+wealth to the advancement of Christianity in our own souls and among
+our fellow-beings, as the best evidence of our gratitude for our
+earthly prosperity, and for those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> treasures which are laid up for us
+in heaven; and to Thy gracious name, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, be
+the praise forever. <i>Amen</i>."</p>
+
+<p>The tone of the chaplain's voice, the fervid manner and the striking
+pathos of this short prayer, had a strong effect upon Captain
+Templeton and his wife. They both rose from their knees with tears in
+their eyes.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain grasped the hand of Mr. Gracelius, and earnestly said: "I
+feel strengthened, my brother; and I can now say, If the Lord be for
+us, who can be against us!" He then passed out and resumed his
+position on the deck.</p>
+
+<p>"Miss St. Clair," said Mrs. Templeton, "do you think that can be
+wickedness which the Lord sanctifies with his communion?"</p>
+
+<p>Before Mary could reply, the loud report of a cannon gave notice that
+the action had commenced.</p>
+
+<p>The struggle was a short one, the French vessel was captured, with the
+loss of her commander, who fell at the first fire. It took but a short
+time to have all on the merchantman in fetters, and the vessel manned
+by the pirates.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It was not until the morning after the capture that matters became
+composed on the pirates' vessel, and everything in usual order.</p>
+
+<p>At breakfast Mary took the liberty to ask the Captain what he designed
+to do with his prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>"I always endeavor," he replied, "to remember the obligations of
+humanity and Christianity. Sometimes, for our own safety, we are
+compelled to put our captives to death, but I do so always with great
+reluctance, and never without prayer to God that their souls might be
+saved. In this case I think we shall not be under this painful
+necessity."</p>
+
+<p>"Captain," said Albert, "it is perfectly unaccountable to me how a man
+of your naturally humane and benevolent disposition can engage in this
+business of robbery and murder."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, Mr. Gillon," replied the Captain, "I make every allowance for
+one who has been educated as you have been, and taught that pirates
+were only worthy of the gallows; although I cannot but feel that your
+language is not such as your refined and polished manners would
+warrant me to expect and require. Our business is not robbery and
+murder. The laws under which we live, both social and political,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> are
+as decidedly opposed to such crimes as among any other people."</p>
+
+<p>"I did not," replied Albert, "intend to be ungentlemanly in my
+language, and was not aware that these terms were offensive to you.
+But, sir, you only increase my amazement. I cannot comprehend how you
+can characterize your business by terms more appropriate. Is it not so
+that piracy is but the practice of robbery and murder, when it takes
+away a man's possessions, and then destroys his life to make the booty
+secure?"</p>
+
+<p>"I perceive, Mr. Gillon, that you labor under the delusion that all
+pirates are bad and cruel men. I confess, sir, there are many of our
+people who treat their prisoners with unnecessary severity, and
+frequently inflict death when the occasion does not demand it. But, my
+dear sir, this is the abuse of piracy, not its legitimate use."</p>
+
+<p>"And do you really mean to say, Captain Templeton," said Mary, "that
+piracy can be made an honorable business?"</p>
+
+<p>"Of course I do, miss," replied the Captain, "and I regret that Miss
+St. Clair can suppose I would engage in a business that I did not
+believe to be honorable."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"But, Captain, you profess to be a Christian, and it is a great
+mystery to me how you can reconcile your profession with your
+practice. Surely you do not believe that the Scriptures justify such a
+life."</p>
+
+<p>"That is precisely my belief, Miss," replied the Captain. "Piracy is a
+Bible institution, and if it were not so, I would abandon it at once."</p>
+
+<p>"Ah!" said Albert, "that accounts for it. It is that belief in the
+Bible that leads the mind and the heart astray from the clear
+principles of a sound moral philosophy. Even my good Mary, here, is so
+warped by her reverence for the Bible, that she defends the
+institution of slavery, which I abhor with all my heart. But, Captain,
+although I am not surprised at your belief that the Bible sanctions
+piracy, since it is quoted by Christians in support of all sorts of
+wickedness, I am surprised that a man of your good sense and keen
+moral perception in regard to other matters of life, should not
+perceive that slavery, and piracy, and war, and everything of the
+sort, are irreconcilable with sound morality."</p>
+
+<p>"I do not know," replied the Captain, "what might be the conclusions
+of abstract reasoning upon the subject outside of the Bible, for I
+have never<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> thought very profoundly about it. But I feel satisfied so
+long as I have the assurance that the revealed Word is on my side."</p>
+
+<p>"But, Captain," said Mary, "I am not willing to allow that the Bible
+is on your side. It shocks me to hear you say so."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, Miss St. Clair, I must turn you over to brother Gracelius, who
+is well posted up in Bible matters. He will be able to show you that
+piracy is a Bible institution."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, my young sister," said Mr. Gracelius, who had not been
+inattentive to the conversation, while he was enjoying an excellent
+cup of coffee. "The Scriptures do most certainly sanction the
+institution of piracy."</p>
+
+<p>Here Mr. Gracelius took from his pocket a small Bible, and proceeded
+to say: "On such a question, I am strongly disposed to pass by all
+ethical and metaphysical dissertation, and appeal at once to the only
+standard of right and wrong which can prove decisive. It is the
+responses of the sacred oracles to which we must after all appeal."</p>
+
+<p>"I could wish, Mr. Gracelius," said Albert, "that you would discuss
+this question rather upon the foundation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span> principles of morality, than
+by arguments from a volume which sanctions war, slavery, death
+penalties, and a host of other evils, by the very confessions of
+Christians themselves."</p>
+
+<p>"I perceive," said Mr. Gracelius, "that you, sir, have never yet
+learned the true grace of God through regeneration, or you too would
+bow submissively to the teachings of the sacred Scriptures, and
+acknowledge them as the highest standard of right and morality. I
+cannot, therefore, hope to seriously affect your mind by an appeal to
+the Bible. But Miss St. Clair, being a Christian, will feel the force
+of such high authority."</p>
+
+<p>"Truly, Mr. Gracelius," said Mary, "I do take the Bible as my highest
+standard of truth; and it is from the principles taught by the Bible
+that I have the assurance that piracy is awfully criminal. And I am
+utterly astonished that a man of your apparent piety, and who so well
+understands the doctrines of Christianity, can for a moment think that
+the Bible justifies such crimes."</p>
+
+<p>"My dear young sister," said the minister, "you are begging the
+question when you call piracy a crime, for that is the very thing you
+are to prove. But let us see what piracy is:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"In order to clear away rubbish, and to arrive at once at the point,
+let me remind you that it is simply the <i>essential</i> character of
+piracy which we are discussing. Piracy itself is nothing more than the
+appropriating of the products of another's labor and skill, without
+his consent or contract. The absence of the contract, or the consent
+of the producer, does not alter the nature and extent of the pirates'
+right. The case is analogous to that of parents and children. A father
+has a right to the productions of his child's labor during his
+minority, without the contract or consent of the child, and he may
+even transfer that right. But I grant that this does not justify the
+father in doing anything to the detriment of the child, either
+morally, intellectually, or physically. And, beyond doubt, this is the
+true light in which Christianity would have pirates regard their
+relations. The capture of a vessel, and the treatment of prisoners,
+involve a great responsibility. Nothing more should be done than is
+absolutely essential to the maintenance of the peculiar institutions
+of piracy. It is not the relation of the pirate to the producer or
+prisoner which is sinful, but infidelity to the solemn trust which
+that relation creates. It does not follow, because he has a right to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span>
+the produce of another's labor or skill, that he has also a right to
+inflict unnecessary violence on his person, or take from him all means
+of livelihood. Whenever it can be done, without jeopardizing the
+well-being and interests of our society and institutions, we ought to
+spare the prisoner's life, make him comfortable while in our hands,
+place him as soon as possible where he can return to his home, and
+leave him means enough to keep him from starving or absolute
+destitution.</p>
+
+<p>"To include in the idea of piracy, that also of robbery and murder, is
+to confound two things entirely distinct, and which really have no
+sort of connection. If I take from another that which I have no right
+to by the laws of the society or government under which I live, then I
+am a robber; for that alone is property which the law makes property,
+as one of your own great statesmen has very properly said; and if I
+take life, when not essential to maintain my own rights under the laws
+of that government which I recognize in my social obligations, I am a
+murderer. I therefore insist upon it, that, in discussing this
+subject, we regard as appropriate to the question only the <i>essential</i>
+elements of piracy, and not its abuses; for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> piracy may exist without
+inflicting these aggravated wrongs.</p>
+
+<p>"Christian pirates have great regard for the welfare, temporal and
+spiritual, of their fellow-beings, and oftentimes exercise the spirit
+of the most self-denying missionaries. Such men and women do honor to
+human nature. They are the true friends of their race.</p>
+
+<p>"Now, here is piracy&mdash;a system of society and government which gives
+opportunity to inculcate among graceless men who fall into our hands
+the principles of the Gospel of Christ; and many an ungodly man has
+had the opportunity in our cabin of hearing the doctrines of the
+cross, who, whilst immersed in the business, and cares, and pleasures
+of life, never darkened the door of a meeting-house on land. And many
+of them have been converted to the Christian faith, and have become
+excellent and worthy Christian pirates.</p>
+
+<p>"Those of our captains who have Christian sailors under them have the
+best-managed vessels; and really their crews do more of effective
+work, both in battle and in ship duties, than any ungodly crew that
+can be found.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"No, Sister Mary, depend upon it, you have imbibed a prejudice against
+piracy, and you suppose it to involve all sorts of crime. But the true
+question of issue between us is pruned to this:&mdash;Is it necessarily a
+crime in the sight of God to control the property, or curtail the
+personal liberty, or take the life of a human being in any case?</p>
+
+<p>"Every government has necessarily a right to pass laws indispensable
+to its existence; and it has a right, also, to establish those
+regulations which shall best promote the good of the whole population.
+Now, what political organization is most desirable for a particular
+people, depends on circumstances; but, whatever be that adopted,
+whether democracy, or despotism, or piratical confederation, the
+rights of man, as a human being, are trenched upon; and visionary have
+proved and will prove all projects of constructing and fashioning
+society according to philosophical notions and theories of abstract
+unalienable rights. That piracy or any civil institution interferes
+with the property of a man, or a class of men (as, for instance,
+merchants), does not then make it necessarily, and, amid all
+circumstances, a crime."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gracelius here paused, and gave Mary an opportunity to put in a
+word.</p>
+
+<p>"But," said she, "after taking off what you call the rubbish, Mr.
+Gracelius, and pruning the question down as much as you please, I
+cannot possibly admit that the Bible anywhere justifies piracy under
+any circumstances whatsoever, either abstractly or practically. I call
+upon you for anything in all the Bible that gives the slightest
+countenance to such a mode of life, or such a government, as you are
+pleased to term it."</p>
+
+<p>"I should rather require of you," replied the learned divine, "to make
+out from the Bible your charge that piracy is a crime. I know not a
+word from the first of Genesis to the end of Revelation where piracy
+is once condemned. But I pass this, and, waiving my clear logical
+rights, undertake to prove the negative, and to show that the Bible
+does, most explicitly, both by precept and example, bear me out in my
+assertion, that piracy is not necessarily, and always, and amidst all
+circumstances, a sin. <span class="smcap">What God sanctioned in the Old Testament, and
+permitted in the New, cannot be sin.</span></p>
+
+<p>"I begin with the patriarch Jacob, whose name<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> Israel has been
+appropriated from his day to this time to the true church. How did
+Jacob acquire his great riches? Was it not by appropriating the
+property of Laban to himself? And did not God bless him in thus doing?
+There is not a word of condemnation; but, on the contrary, Jacob, in
+telling his brother that he had much property, remarked, that God had
+dealt graciously with him. Here, you see, is a marked case of an
+appropriation of another's property by a very adroit stratagem, which
+is fully justified by the Old Testament, and uncondemned by the New.</p>
+
+<p>"Had Jacob not represented in his person a different community from
+Laban's, of which he was to be the Patriarch, his mode of acquiring
+wealth out of Laban would have been censurable. But his conduct
+towards Laban was consistent with what was subsequently allowed under
+the Mosaic laws on the part of the Jews towards other nations. They
+could, for instance, make slaves of the nations round about;&mdash;they
+could take usury of them;&mdash;they could despoil them by war, and they
+could do a variety of things in relation to the people of other
+nations which would have been robbery, fraud, murder, and so on, if
+done<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span> by Jews to Jews. Thus the idea that that is property which the
+law makes property, is of divine origin.</p>
+
+<p>"Take now the case of the Israelites in their exodus from Egypt; they
+were positively enjoined by the Divine command to borrow of their
+Egyptian neighbors their various costly jewelries, not with the idea
+of returning them, but of appropriating them permanently to their own
+benefit.</p>
+
+<p>"David, who was a man after God's own heart, did not regard it robbery
+to obtain from the Priest the shew-bread itself, although to do so he
+deceived the Priest by telling that which, under other circumstances,
+would be called a lie. It was essential to his life&mdash;to his support.
+It was not therefore criminal to tell the falsehood in order to obtain
+the bread. Now, it is upon this very principle that your government
+and all civil governments employ diplomatic agents, in order to secure
+by adroitness and craftiness commercial and other advantages; and it
+is upon the same principle that we pirates justify our proceedings. It
+is essential to the support and maintenance of our people; and there
+is as much in the Scriptures to warrant our stratagems to decoy
+vessels and get the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> benefit of their cargoes, as for your government
+to obtain advantages by diplomatic adroitness. We must have a living.</p>
+
+<p>"But you say we not only rob but murder. But as all appropriations of
+others' possessions are not essentially robbery, so all killing is not
+essentially murder. If you will look into the Book of Judges, xiv. 19,
+you will find that the taking of spoil even by violence and bloodshed,
+is not necessarily a crime&mdash;is not necessarily robbery and murder. It
+is the case of Samson when he had to give thirty changes of raiment to
+those who had expounded his riddle. It is said: "And the Spirit of the
+Lord came upon him, and he went down to Askelon and slew thirty men of
+them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them
+which expounded the riddle." Now, notice this particularly, that
+Samson did all this under the influence of God's Spirit. And you will
+remember that Paul in Hebrews mentions Samson with special
+commendation.</p>
+
+<p>"Now, if Samson, and David, and Jacob did such things, we feel
+justified in proceeding accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>"But as I have not time to go into very minute detail, I pass at once
+to two very important points in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span> the New Testament. The first occurs
+in Christ's parable of the unjust steward. There the steward is
+commended for making an arrangement by which he secured his permanent
+interest by adroitly subtracting from what was due his Lord by his
+debtors. He had acted unjustly in the office of steward, being bound
+by honor to fulfil its duties and his obligations to his employer, but
+so soon as his obligations to his employer ceased on being ordered out
+of the stewardship, and his very living cut off, then it was no longer
+unjust, but commendable to do that which before would have been fraud
+or robbery.</p>
+
+<p>"The other case is that of our blessed Lord himself. He sent his
+disciples to take away from the place where they were tied an ass and
+her colt; and he told them how to escape should they be caught at it,
+by saying: 'The Lord hath need of them.' Now, when we take away the
+property of others, we may reply to those who question us, 'The Lord
+hath need of them,' for every good pirate will endeavor so to use what
+he obtains as to promote the best interests of religion, and to
+glorify our blessed Redeemer.</p>
+
+<p>"And now, my dear young sister, what more need I say to establish the
+point that piracy is not essentially<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span> sinful&mdash;that it is not <i>malum in
+se</i>? Indeed, it stands upon the same footing that slavery does, and is
+vindicated by the same process of reasoning. The argument for slavery
+is identically the same in principle as for piracy. And you know it is
+upon the ground that slavery is not under all circumstances a sin,
+that Christians in the Northern States hold communion with you of the
+South. And I admire that charitable spirit which induces them to
+believe that Southern Christians do not uphold the barbarous features
+which wicked and cruel masters impress upon the system of slavery.
+They give you, therefore, very properly, the right hand of Christian
+fellowship, which they could not do if slaveholding were sin in
+itself. And I doubt not they would as readily commune with Christian
+pirates, since it is evident that piracy is not, any more than
+slavery, <i>malum in se</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Mary made no reply, but sat musing with a countenance overwhelmed with
+sadness.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gracelius looked as though he had accomplished a decided victory;
+and Captain Templeton smiled with approbation.</p>
+
+<p>Albert after a short silence exclaimed with great emphasis: "I thank
+God <i>my</i> Bible is my <i>reason</i>, my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> <i>conscience</i>, and my <i>heart</i>. I
+this day glory in being an infidel."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! Albert, Albert!" cried Mary, and burst into tears.</p>
+
+<p>Albert seeing he had wounded the feelings of one he loved so dearly,
+tried to soothe her by remarking that he had met at the North with
+some persons who maintained that the Bible was misunderstood and
+misinterpreted by the most of the commentators and theologians, and
+that when rightly explained and received, would be found to be
+perfectly in harmony with the sympathies and philanthropic emotions of
+the human heart, and with the principles of enlightened reason. But as
+these persons were generally called fanatical and visionary, he had
+not paid much attention to their strictures. "I intend, however," he
+added, "to take an early opportunity to investigate the Bible for
+myself, and if it prove itself to be better than its commentators and
+expounders, perhaps I shall become a Christian. But I cannot be a
+Christian if Christianity props up slaveholding and piracy."</p>
+
+<p>Here the conversation was interrupted by the entrance of a messenger,
+who announced that every preparation had been made, and that Mr.
+Gillon and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> Miss St. Clair could now go on board the merchant vessel.
+On rising to depart, Albert with much feeling addressed the Captain:</p>
+
+<p>"Captain Templeton, we are much indebted to you for saving our lives,
+and for the hospitality and very kind attentions we have received. I
+would that I could repay you in some way. But you will pardon me, so
+young a man, for expressing the profound wish of my heart, that you
+would abandon this horrible life, and no longer delude yourself with
+the idea that the Bible is the highest authority for the regulation of
+man's life. Recognize every man, everywhere, as your brother, and
+treat all as you have treated Mary and myself,&mdash;treat all as your own
+heart, left to its most benevolent promptings, would dictate, and (the
+Bible to the contrary notwithstanding) you will please God better than
+you can do by any adherence to theological dogmas, that make the
+Almighty the author of piracy, slavery, war, death-penalties, and such
+like institutions and practices."</p>
+
+<p>"And I, too, hope," replied Captain Templeton, "that you will look
+into this matter with care, and come to the conclusion to follow that
+good book rather than the <i>ignis fatuus</i> of mere human reason<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> and
+natural conscience. I admire your honesty and candor, Mr. Gillon, and,
+although I cannot but regard your views as fanatical, I trust that
+when the ardor of youth shall give place to the reflections of maturer
+years, you will be as firm a believer in the Bible as I am."</p>
+
+<p>"Ah!" said Mr. Gracelius, "that will depend upon the grace of God.
+Farewell, young man, and may the Lord convert your soul and give us a
+happy meeting again, where we shall sing the song of the Lamb forever
+and ever."</p>
+
+<p>Mary, still in tears, took Mr. Gracelius by the hand and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Gracelius, I am not at all convinced that the Scriptures favor
+your views, although I am not prepared to meet your arguments. But I
+fear you have so confirmed Albert in his infidelity, that it will be
+exceedingly hard to get him hereafter even to listen to Christian
+instruction."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! my young sister," replied the minister, "the grace of God can
+conquer the worst of infidels, and I hope your friend will yet become
+an ambassador of Christ."</p>
+
+<p>By this time the party were standing on deck, ready<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span> to bid the last
+adieu. Our young friends were soon on board the merchant vessel and
+out of sight of their strange benefactors.</p>
+
+<p>They found that the pirates had liberated the crew and passengers, and
+returned them to their vessel, retaining only the rich cargo.</p>
+
+<p>Having been well supplied with funds, in gold, when they left home,
+which Albert had about his person when taken up by the pirates, they
+found no difficulty, on reaching France, in making their way to
+England, and thence to the United States.</p>
+
+<p>On the voyages Albert perused the Scriptures with great attention, not
+only because Mary had urged him to do so, but because he felt that he
+needed to be informed of the true nature and character of what was
+claimed to be sacred writings. He was careful to avoid conversation on
+the subject during the progress of his investigations; and Mary
+herself was not, after her last interview with Mr. Gracelius,
+sufficiently quieted in her own mind to give expression to her
+thoughts.</p>
+
+<p>It was in November, when an Indian summer was augmenting the beauty of
+the scenery about the harbor of New York, that our young friends were
+sitting<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> together in Mary's spacious state-room on board the noble
+vessel which was just passing Staten Island.</p>
+
+<p>"Albert," said Mary, with deep emotion, and the tear in her eye, "I
+have become an Abolitionist."</p>
+
+<p>"And I," said Albert, with yet deeper emphasis, "have become a
+Christian."</p>
+
+<p>"Thank God&mdash;thank God!" exclaimed Mary. "O, Albert, I cannot tell you
+how happy I am to hear you say so. But I do not need any explanation,
+for I see through it all. The pirates have made me an Abolitionist,
+and the Bible has made you a Christian. I have now learned how to
+understand its teachings, and you have learned that the precious
+volume has been grievously tortured to uphold the evil instead of the
+good."</p>
+
+<p>"It is even so, Mary," replied Albert. "I have been reading and
+studying with an earnest desire for truth. I find much, in the Old
+Testament, calculated to bewilder, and much that requires the New
+Testament to explain. I find, scattered through the Old Testament,
+holy principles that are brought into full relief by Jesus Christ, who
+has, by his example, and in his instructions to his disciples,
+elucidated what was obscure and rejected from the claims of divine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>
+authority what was only Jewish misconception. I am satisfied that it
+does not uphold violence, oppression, and wrong, and throw around
+these things the sanction of the divine mind. I find that everything
+taught by Jesus Christ is in full harmony with the most benevolent and
+honorable feelings of the human heart, and with the highest sense of
+justice and consciousness of right, and is diametrically opposed to
+all base carnal passions and affections, and to all that is violative
+of human equality and brotherhood.</p>
+
+<p>"I believe in Jesus Christ. And I had the ideal of such a Saviour for
+man before I saw that the Jesus of the New Testament is the true
+Captain of Salvation. And now I find that such a Saviour really
+exists, I am willing to follow his leadings, although I know it will
+require self-denials and sacrifices. I tell you, Mary, I found out
+from reading the Bible that I was an unregenerated man, and needed
+God's spirit to purify and sanctify my heart; and I have learned this
+from studying carefully the life and doctrines of Christ, who, in the
+flesh, gave a full manifestation of the godhead, and by <i>his
+righteousness</i> brought to my own view <i>my unrighteousness</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"I read of Jesus dying on the cross rather than not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> carry out every
+jot and every tittle of the divine morality, and every principle of
+pure and undefiled religion. I stand in admiration of this divine
+heroism. I learn farther that his great mission was to induce sinful
+man to abandon his sins and become reconciled to God; and that it was
+in carrying out this mission that he subjected himself to the tortures
+of the cross. Under the influence of God's Spirit, this brings me to
+true repentance, and I determine to reform by taking Jesus as my
+exemplar and the captain of my salvation. I am thus made reconciled to
+God's law, and feel pardoned for the past and hopeful for the future.
+My faith in Christ gives me strength to live the life of a Christian,
+and thus I am saved. Jesus Christ's death has in this way reconciled
+me to God, and being thereby brought into harmony with God, God is
+reconciled to me. Jesus Christ therefore making atonement or
+reconciliation for me, has truly suffered in my stead. That is to say,
+his suffering in order to impress me with my obligations to God and
+his law, has by reconciling me to God's law, kept me from suffering
+the penalty of law. And when I think that God made this provision for
+this fallen world&mdash;that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever
+believeth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span> in him should not perish but have eternal life, and I
+realize it all with trust and confidence, I feel that the kingdom of
+heaven is within me. I am truly happy."</p>
+
+<p>"My dear Albert," responded Mary, "you make me to see all this in a
+new light. I confess I never before properly understood the doctrine
+of the atonement. I did not before understand that atonement for man,
+and reconciliation between God and man, were one and the same thing.
+But I now perceive that there is no atonement unless we become
+Christ-like; and that just in proportion as we are Christ-like, we are
+in harmony with God, and are thus far saved. God converts the soul
+from the love of sin to the love of Christ, and that love of Christ
+insures obedience to his commandments to the full measure of our
+knowledge. To be clothed upon then with the righteousness of Christ,
+and to have Christ's righteousness imputed to us, are not terms
+signifying a righteousness extraneous from ourselves, and only
+regarded in place of righteousness in us, but really and truly to
+manifest a righteousness which will be seen and recognized by our
+ownselves and others as a righteousness derived from Christ, because
+we live as Christ<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> would have us to live. O how pleasant it is to see
+the matter in so clear a light!"</p>
+
+<p>"And now," said Albert, "I wish to know how it is you a little while
+ago called yourself an Abolitionist. Did you really mean what you said
+in its full import?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes I did," replied Mary. "That argument made by Mr. Gracelius was so
+exactly similar to the mode of interpreting the Scriptures in behalf
+of slavery, that I at once saw if it were good for slavery, it was
+just as good in defence of piracy; and that I must give up the Bible
+under such a mode of interpretation, or admit that piracy itself is
+sanctioned by the Bible. I could not give up my precious Bible, for I
+have felt so much of its hallowed influences upon my soul, that I
+could not think of parting from it. I have, like yourself, spent this
+voyage studying it with great care, and whatever may be the criticisms
+of the learned upon words, I am certain that the whole spirit of
+Christianity, as developed before and since Christ, utterly condemns
+any and every system, or practice, or principle which does not
+recognize all men as brethren. And I also perceive that many things
+have been wrested from their original meaning<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span> to subserve the
+purposes of oppression and tyranny. I now so read that good book, that
+I discriminate between the erroneous ideas and practices of the Jews
+and the divine law&mdash;between historical facts and traditional
+inferences&mdash;between man's misconceptions and the true principles of
+religion. I now can and do see from the Bible itself that slavery is
+all wrong; and being so, I am obliged to be an Abolitionist; for I
+know that no Christian ought to continue the practice of what is wrong
+in itself on any consideration. But, Albert, how was it that you who
+did not believe in the Bible, became an Abolitionist?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why, Mary, the truth is, I did not believe in the Bible, because,
+being an Abolitionist, professed Christians and ministers instructed
+me that the Bible sanctioned slavery, and that it required obedience
+to earthly masters and rulers, even although their commands and laws
+be contrary to the divine law. This was so contrary to my sense of
+natural right, that I said to myself I cannot honor the true God by
+submitting to the authority of the Bible; and therefore it was I took
+an utter aversion to the Bible. My respect for my parents prevented me
+from telling them when they would urge me to read the Bible,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> that
+their own views and practice had already convinced me that it was an
+unrighteous book; for I could not believe that my father would hold
+slaves under any conviction of its rightfulness drawn from nature, and
+that my mother would treat the blacks as she did, had she been
+governed by her natural sense of justice; but that by early education
+in the Bible, they had been trained to regard slaveholding perfectly
+compatible with the divine law, and the black as some heathenish
+being, whom it was no oppression to enslave. But now having examined
+the Bible with care, I see that they who take that Book to justify the
+enslaving of men, have been most dreadfully deluded."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, Albert," said Mary, "you know the obligations of Christianity
+require action as well as sentiment. If we are Christians truly, we
+have to serve Christ fully. We dare not, therefore, withhold our
+testimony against slavery any more than against any other crime. How
+then can we return to Carolina? We cannot be happy there amidst an
+institution which we abhor."</p>
+
+<p>"Mary, like yourself, I now feel," said Albert, "that a Christian must
+not hide his light under a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span> bushel. We must speak for the dumb and for
+the truth as it is in Jesus. But with such views and intentions we
+would not be suffered in South Carolina. What, then, are we to do?"</p>
+
+<p>Mary, after a few moments' meditation, answered, "Albert, our parents
+think we were lost with the Pulaski. Let it stand so. They will suffer
+more if we go back to them with such sentiments as we now entertain.
+And for your sake, and for our parents' sake, and for the sake of
+Christ, I am willing to sacrifice all my worldly prospects and try to
+make a living by my own exertions in some place where my own feelings
+will not be shocked with the perpetual violation of Christian law by
+my own slaveholding relatives, and where I shall not be myself an
+annoyance to them."</p>
+
+<p>Here their dialogue was interrupted by the arrival of the ship at the
+wharf, and in a short time our young friends were safely landed in New
+York.</p>
+
+<p>Suffice it to say, in conclusion, that they both agreed never more to
+be dependent on the wealth of their parents,&mdash;assured as they were
+that all they could bestow upon them would be the product of
+unrequited toil. They were soon united in holy wedlock, and,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span> after
+engaging in teaching an academy a short time, Albert became a faithful
+and zealous minister of the gospel; and he and his loving wife in
+process of time succeeded in revealing their situation to their
+parents, in such terms as to reconcile them to their anti-slavery
+views, and to induce them finally to emancipate their slaves.</p>
+
+<p>They are all living happily in moderate circumstances, in a little
+town in one of the free States,&mdash;in the direct line of the
+"under-ground railroad;" and many a poor fugitive finds a comfortable
+shelter in either of their humble cottages.</p>
+
+<p>A short time since, Mary was reading the discussion between Dr.
+Wayland and Dr. Fuller, on the subject of slavery, and was startled to
+find the very words of Mr. Gracelius and his identical argument, used
+by the champion of American slavery.</p>
+
+<p>"Albert," said she to her husband, "would you believe it, Dr. Fuller
+and Mr. Gracelius are one and the same person."</p>
+
+<p>"It surely cannot be!" said Albert. But to this day the matter looks
+very mysterious to them. And it is hoped that Dr. Fuller or Dr.
+Wayland will explain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> the coincidence of the arguments in some
+satisfactory manner.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p127.png" width="275" height="74" alt="(signature) Wm. Henry Brisbane" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Wm. Henry Brisbane</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Toil_and_Trust" id="Toil_and_Trust"></a>Toil and Trust.</h2>
+
+
+<p>This is the motto of all persons sincerely disposed to embrace the
+cross of the anti-slavery enterprise. The duty it imposes is two-fold;
+1. To <i>toil</i> for the spread of the truth; and 2. To <i>trust</i> to the
+dissipation of error. The most potent barrier set up against the
+opponents of slavery is made of the prejudices carefully instilled
+into the popular mind against them. I propose, in brief, to point out
+their origin.</p>
+
+<p>It is sedulously inculcated:</p>
+
+<p>1. That anti-slavery is a pure sectional feeling, and springs from
+jealousy of the South.</p>
+
+<p>Fifty years ago this idea might fairly have been entertained. Many of
+the arguments then used have no better root than political jealousy.
+But it is not so now. The ruling objection at present is, that slavery
+is <span class="smcap">WRONG</span>, no matter where it may be found; that it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> is a moral evil,
+and an offence against religion, not less than a great political
+curse; that indifference to it among good men encourages its extension
+among bad men; and that nothing but resolute and universal
+condemnation of it in every form will stimulate to its abolition. How
+far these views are from jealousy of the South, must appear obvious
+enough to all who reflect that those who entertain them, consider the
+result to be arrived at as one which must spring from the voluntary
+convictions of those most affected by it, that they are getting rid of
+the only serious drawback to their own prosperity. Of course, then, it
+is the best interests of the South,&mdash;their strength, moral, social,
+and political,&mdash;that anti-slavery men believe they are promoting, by
+their course.</p>
+
+<p>2. That the enemies of slavery desire to subvert the Constitution and
+to dissolve the Union.</p>
+
+<p>Possibly, a few impatient spirits may have got so far. They
+constitute, however, but a very small portion of the number included
+in the term. Nine-tenths of these hold that neither the Constitution
+nor the Union should be brought into question at all. They consider
+that the resort to them as a protection and safeguard to slavery, by
+ill-judging and rash<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> conservatives, has done more to put them into
+serious danger, than the acts of all others combined during the
+present century. Any man who relies upon a good government to sustain
+acknowledged evil, does much to modify the notions of goodness which
+honest and conscientious men have entertained respecting that
+government. He furnishes an entering wedge for doubt and distrust,
+which, if not removed, will grow into aversion. Anti-slavery men
+reason differently. They separate slavery from the Constitution and
+the Union, and, by seeking to destroy the former, desire to perpetuate
+the latter. They hold, that against the concentrated moral sentiment
+of the whole country, acting through its legitimate public channels,
+and aided by the prayers and the hopes of all the civilized world, it
+would be much more difficult to maintain slavery in the States, than
+if the dangers of general misgovernment and disunion were to come in
+to distract the public attention, and open up social disasters of a
+worse kind than those which they seek to remedy.</p>
+
+<p>3. The spirit of this reform is denunciatory, violent, and
+proscriptive.</p>
+
+<p>It is inevitable that all movements directed against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> the established
+errors of communities originate with men more or less fanatical in
+spirit. None but they have the necessary elements of character to
+advance at all. But, as others become convinced of the fundamental
+truths which they utter, the tendency of their association is to
+modify and soften the tone, and make it more nearly approximate the
+correct sentiment. At this period, there is quite as much of
+liberality among anti-slavery men as is consistent with a determined
+maintenance of their general purpose. Though disposed to be just to
+all who conscientiously differ with them in opinion, they cannot
+overlook the fact that many honest persons are too indifferent, and
+more are too compromising in their views of slavery. To rouse the one,
+and alarm the other class into a conviction of their responsibility
+for their apathy, is one of the most imperative duties. It may be that
+this is not always done in the most courtly or the choicest terms.
+Some allowances must be made for the spirit of liberty. These cases
+form, however, the exception, and not the rule, among anti-slavery
+men. The great majority well comprehend that the greatest results will
+follow efforts made without bitterness of temper. They remember that
+whilst the Saviour<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span> denounced without stint the formal scribe, the
+hollow Pharisee, and the greedy money-changer, he chose for his sphere
+of exertion the society of publicans and sinners.</p>
+
+<p>4. Anti-slavery men seek to set slaves against their masters, at the
+risk of the lives and happiness of both.</p>
+
+<p>This impression, which is much the most common, is, at the same time,
+the least founded in truth of all. No evidence, worthy of a moment's
+credit, has ever been produced, implicating any class of them in a
+suspicion of the kind. Nothing proves the absence of all malignity
+towards the slaveholders more clearly than this. If they sought really
+to injure them, what could be more easy than to stimulate disaffection
+along so extensive a line of boundary as that of the slave States?
+Probably few of them entertain any doubt of the abstract <i>right</i> of
+the slave to free himself from the condition in which he is kept
+against his own consent, in any manner practicable. How easy then the
+step from this opinion to an act of encouragement! That it has never
+been taken furnishes the most conclusive proof of the falsity of the
+popular impression, and of the moderations of the anti-slavery men,
+who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span> seek only, in the moral convictions of the masters, for the
+source of freedom to the slaves.</p>
+
+<p>But though it be true that all these common impressions are delusions
+strewn in the way of anti-slavery men to impair the effect of their
+exertions, it by no means follows that they should be induced by them
+to assume a moderation which encourages sluggishness. No great
+movement in human affairs can be made without zeal, energy, and
+perseverance. It must be animated by a strong will, and tempered by a
+benevolent purpose. Such is the shape which the anti-slavery reform is
+gradually assuming. Its motto, then, should be, as was said in the
+beginning:</p>
+
+<p class="center sc lowercase">TOIL AND TRUST.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 253px;">
+<img src="images/p133.png" width="253" height="45" alt="(signature) Charles Francis Adams." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Charles Francis Adams.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Quincy</span>, 10 July, 1853.</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Friendship_for_the_Slave_is_Friendship_for_the_Master" id="Friendship_for_the_Slave_is_Friendship_for_the_Master"></a>Friendship for the Slave is Friendship for the Master.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It is a mistake on the part of the people of the south to suppose that
+those who desire the extinction of slavery, whether residing in
+America or England, are actuated by unfriendly feelings toward them
+personally, or by any hostility to the pecuniary or social interests
+of their section of country. The most important and influential
+classes of the population, both of England and of the northern States
+of this Union, have a direct and strong pecuniary interest at stake,
+in the prosperity and welfare of the south. If the people of
+Massachusetts or those of Lancashire were employed in raising cotton
+and sugar, and if the prices which they obtained for their produce
+were kept down by southern competition, then there might perhaps be
+some ground for suspecting a covert hostility in any action or
+influence which they might attempt to exert on such a question. But
+the contrary<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> is the fact. New England and Old England manufacture and
+consume the cotton and sugar which the south produces. They are
+directly and deeply interested in having the production of these
+articles go on in the most advantageous manner possible. The southern
+planter is not their competitor and rival. He is their partner. His
+work is to them and to their pursuits one of co-operation and aid.
+Consequently his prosperity is their prosperity, and his ruin would be
+an irretrievable disaster, not a benefit, to them. They are thus
+naturally his friends, and, consequently, when in desiring a change in
+the relation which subsists between him and his laborers, they declare
+that they are not actuated by any unfriendly feeling toward him, but
+honestly think that the change would be beneficial to all concerned,
+there is every reason why they should be believed.</p>
+
+<p>There was a time when the laboring population of England occupied a
+position in respect to the proprietors of the soil there, very
+analogous to that now held by African slaves in our country. But the
+system has been changed. From being serfs, compelled to toil for
+masters, under the influence of compulsion or fear, they have become a
+free peasantry, working<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> in the employment of landlords, for wages.
+But this change has not depressed or degraded the landlords, or
+injured them in any way. On the contrary, it has probably elevated and
+improved the condition of the master quite as much as it has that of
+the man.</p>
+
+<p>Imagine such a change as this on any southern plantation: the
+Christian master desiring conscientiously to obey the divine
+command,&mdash;given expressly for his guidance, in his responsible
+relation of employer,&mdash;that he should "give unto his servants that
+which is just and equal,&mdash;forbearing threatening,"&mdash;resolves that he
+will henceforth induce industry on his estate by the payment of honest
+wages, instead of coercing his laborers by menaces and stripes; and
+after carefully considering the whole ground, he estimates, as fairly
+and faithfully as he can, what proportion of the whole avails of his
+culture properly belong to the labor performed by his men, and what to
+the capital, skill, and supervision, furnished and exercised by
+himself,&mdash;and then fixes upon a rate of wages, graduating the scale
+fairly and honestly according to the strength, the diligence, and the
+fidelity of the various laborers. Suppose, also, that some suitable
+arrangement is made on the plantation or in the vicinity, by which the
+servants<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> can expend what they earn, in such comforts, ornaments, or
+luxuries as are adapted to their condition and their ideas. Suppose
+that, in consequence of the operation of this system, the laborers,
+instead of desiring, as now, to make their escape from the scene of
+labor, should each prize and value his place in it, and fear
+dismission from it as a punishment. Suppose that through the change
+which this new state of things should produce, it should become an
+agreeable and honorable duty to superintend and manage the system, as
+it is now agreeable and honorable to superintend the operations of a
+manufactory, or the construction or working of a railway, or the
+building of a fortress, or any other organized system of industry
+where the workmen are paid, and that consequently, instead of rude and
+degraded overseers, intemperate and profane, extorting labor by
+threats and severity, there should be found a class of intelligent,
+humane, and honest men, to direct and superintend the industry of the
+estate,&mdash;men whom the proprietor would not be ashamed to associate
+with, or to admit to his parlor or table. In a word, suppose that the
+general contentment and happiness which the new system would induce in
+all concerned in it, were such that peace of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span> mind should return to
+the master's breast, now,&mdash;especially in hours of sickness and
+suffering, and at the approach of death,&mdash;so often disturbed, and a
+sense of safety be restored to his family, so that it should no longer
+be necessary to keep the pistols or the rifle always at hand, and that
+the wife and children could lie down and sleep at night, without
+starting at unusual or sudden sounds, or apprehending insurrection
+when they hear the cry of fire. Suppose that such a change as this
+were possible, is it the part of a friend or an enemy to desire to
+have it effected?</p>
+
+<p>But all such suppositions as these, the southern man will perhaps say,
+are visionary and utopian in the highest degree. No such state of
+things as is contemplated by them, can by any possibility be realized
+with such a population as the southern slaves. Very well; say <i>this</i>,
+if you please, and prove it, if it can be proved. But do not charge
+those who desire that it might be realized, with being actuated, in
+advocating the change, by unfriendly feelings towards you,&mdash;for most
+assuredly they do not entertain any.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 216px;">
+<img src="images/p138.png" width="216" height="65" alt="(signature) Jacob Abbott." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Jacob Abbott.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Christine" id="Christine"></a>Christine.</h2>
+
+<blockquote><p>"O, these childen, how they do lie round our hearts."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Milly
+Edmondson.</span></p></blockquote>
+
+
+<p>The clock struck the appointed hour, and the sale commenced. Articles
+of household furniture, horses, carts, and slaves, were waiting
+together to be sold to the highest bidder. For strange as it would
+seem in another land than this, beneath the ample folds of the
+"Star-spangled Banner," <i>human sinews</i> were to be bought and sold.
+Bodies, such as the Apostle called the "temples of the Holy Ghost," in
+which dwelt souls for which Christ died;&mdash;men, women and little
+children, made in the image of God, were classed with marketable
+commodities, to be sold by the pound, like dumb beasts in the
+shambles. Husbands would be torn from their wives, mothers from their
+children, and <i>all</i> from everything they loved most dearly.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The group of <i>human chattels</i> excited great interest among the
+lookers-on, for they were a choice lot of prime negroes, and rumor
+said that he would get a rare bargain who bought that day.</p>
+
+<p>It was a saddening sight, that dusky group, whose only crime was being</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">"&mdash;&mdash; guilty of a skin<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not colored like our own,"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>as they waited with anxious looks and quivering hearts to hear their
+doom, filling up the dreary moments with thoughts of the chances and
+changes which overhung their future.</p>
+
+<p>A bright-eyed boy, of twelve years old,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"A brave, free-hearted, careless one,"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>with a proud spirit playing in every line of his handsome face, and in
+every movement of his graceful form, was first called to the
+auction-block. His good qualities were rapidly enumerated, his limbs
+rudely examined, his soundness vouched for, and he became the chattel
+personal of a Georgian, who boasted of his good bargain; and on being
+warned that he would have trouble with the boy, declared with an oath,
+that he would "soon take the devil out of him."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Matty, a sister of this lad, was next placed upon the stand. Her
+beauty, which the excitement of that dreadful moment only served to
+heighten, hushed for awhile the coarse jests of the crowd. She was a
+splendid-looking creature, just entering upon womanhood. But her
+beauty proved, as beauty must ever prove to a slave woman, a deadly
+curse. It enhanced her market value, and sealed her deadly fate. It
+attracted the eye, and inflamed the passions of a wealthy Louisianian,
+named St. Laurent, who gave a thousand dollars in hard gold in
+exchange for her, that he might make her his petted favorite. Wives,
+mothers, daughters of America, have <i>you</i> nothing to do with slavery,
+when such is the fate of slave women? <i>Can</i> you sit silent, and at
+your ease, knowing that such things are?</p>
+
+<p>When Matty was removed from the auction-block, she fell upon her
+brother's neck, and wept such tears as only they can weep whom slavery
+parts, never to meet again.</p>
+
+<p>"Christine!" cried the loud voice of the auctioneer. Matty checked her
+passionate grief, and turning saw her mother, with her baby in her
+arms, standing where she herself had stood but just before. Quickly
+her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span> keen eye sought the form of her new master. With a sudden impulse
+she threw herself at his feet, exclaiming, "O master, master, <i>do</i> buy
+my mother too!" The man gazed for a moment on the beautiful face
+upturned to his, with a look which made the lashes droop over her
+pleading eyes, and tapping her cheek with his finger, he said,</p>
+
+<p>"What! coaxing so early, my pretty one? No, no; it will not do; I have
+no use for the old woman."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, master, she is not old. <i>Do</i> buy my mother, master!"</p>
+
+<p>"Here is a prize for you, gentlemen," broke in the harsh tones of the
+auctioneer. "There is the best housekeeper and cook in all Virginia.
+Who bids for her? $300 did you say, sir? $325&mdash;thanks, gentlemen, but
+I cannot sell this woman for a song. She is an excellent seamstress.
+$400&mdash;$450&mdash;$500&mdash;I am glad to see you are warming up a little,
+gentlemen,&mdash;but she is worth more money than that. Look at her! What a
+form! what an eye! what arms!&mdash;there is muscle for you, gentlemen.
+Upon my honor she is the flower of the lot,&mdash;a dark-colored
+rose,&mdash;black, but comely; and her baby goes with her. $550, did I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span>
+hear you say, sir? Will no one give more than $550 for such a woman
+and baby?"</p>
+
+<p>"The baby is of no account," said Mr. St. Laurent; "she would sell
+better without it. If I buy her, I shall give away the little
+encumbrance."</p>
+
+<p>The poor slave-mother heard him, and strained her baby to her bosom,
+as if she would say, "You shall <i>never</i> take him from me." The boy
+looked into her face, and smiled a sweet baby smile, and put his
+little arms about her neck, and laid his cheek on hers. One would have
+thought he understood what was passing in her heart, and strove to
+comfort her. "$575&mdash;$600&mdash;$650,"&mdash;and Christine and her baby boy
+became the property of Mr. St. Laurent.</p>
+
+<p>"I would not have bought the woman," said he, turning to an
+acquaintance, "but for the girl's importunity. I feared she would have
+the sulks if I didn't, and I want to keep her good-natured. I shall
+give the mother as a wedding-present to my daughter. But anybody may
+have the child, who will take him off my hands?"</p>
+
+<p>"I will take him, sir, and thank you too," said a little, sharp
+looking, bustling man, stepping briskly up, and bowing to Mr. St.
+Laurent.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Will you, my friend? Then he is yours, and you may take him away as
+soon as you please."</p>
+
+<p>"If I take him now, the woman will raise a storm," said the little
+man; "I know a better way than that," and drawing Mr. St. Laurent
+aside, he communicated his plan, and they parted mutually satisfied.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile the sale went on, but we will not follow further its
+revolting details. Christine, with her baby and Matty, were put in
+safe quarters for the night. Notwithstanding the intense anxiety that
+filled their minds, and a superstitious fear in Christine's heart that
+the worst had not yet come, an unaccountable drowsiness oppressed
+them, and before long both fell into a deep death-like sleep.</p>
+
+<p>Morning broke over the green earth. The sun gilded the mountain-tops,
+and bathing the trees in splendor, was greeted with ten thousand
+bird-songs. He kissed the dewy flowers, and their fragrance rose as
+incense on the morning air. He looked into the windows of happy homes,
+and wakened golden-haired children to renew their joyous sports, and
+mothers, whose</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">"&mdash;&mdash; souls were hushed with their weight of bliss<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like flowers surcharged with dew,"<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p>sent up their morning thanksgiving to "Him who never slumbers," for
+His protection of their "laughing dimpled treasures." Suddenly a warm
+ray fell upon the face of the sleeping slave-mother. She wakened with
+a start, and with one wild shriek of agony sprang from the bed. Her
+babe was gone.</p>
+
+<p>Why need we dwell upon what followed? What pen can describe the
+anguish of the heart-broken mother, when she knew that while under the
+influence of opiates which she had unwittingly taken, her boy had been
+taken from her, and that she should look upon her darling's face no
+more. Mother! look at the darling nestler upon your own bosom, and ask
+yourself how you would have felt in Christine's place.</p>
+
+<p>After the first burst of agony was over, she did not give way
+outwardly to grief. One might have thought she did not grieve. But she
+carried all her sorrows in her heart, till they had eaten out her
+life.</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of Eleanore St. Laurent's bridal day, Christine was
+sent for to perform some service for her young mistress. But the spoil
+had been taken out of the hands of the spoiler&mdash;the bruised heart was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span>
+at rest. The outraged soul had gone with its complaints to the bar of
+the Eternal.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p146.png" width="275" height="67" alt="(signature) Anne P. Adams." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Anne P. Adams.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Intellectual_Moral_and_Spiritual_Condition_of_the_Slave" id="The_Intellectual_Moral_and_Spiritual_Condition_of_the_Slave"></a>The Intellectual, Moral, and Spiritual Condition of the Slave.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The American slave is a human being. He possesses all the attributes
+of mind and heart that belong to the rest of mankind. He has intellect
+with which to think, sensibility with which to feel, and toil which
+prompts him to vigorous and manly action. Nor is he destitute of the
+sublime faculty of reason, which is related to eternal and absolute
+truths. Imagination and fancy, too, he possesses, in a very large
+degree. But all these faculties, which nature has bestowed upon the
+slave in common with other men, by a decree of slavery fixed and
+unalterable like the laws of the Medes and Persians, are undeveloped,
+and the results, therefore, of their activities are not to be found.
+How mean then it must be to reproach the unfortunate slave with a lack
+of intellectual qualities,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> such as characterize men generally. In
+proof of the statement, that slaves have these qualities, it is only
+necessary to refer to the many fugitives who, by their great thoughts,
+their masterly logic, and their captivating eloquence, are astonishing
+both the Old and the New World. Education is what the white man needs
+for the development of his intellectual energies. And it is what the
+black man needs for the development of his. Educate him, and his mind
+proves itself at once as profound and masterly in its conceptions, and
+as brisk and irresistible in its decisions, as the mind of any other
+man.</p>
+
+<p>But, in addition to his intellectual, the slave possesses a moral
+nature, capable of the highest development and the most refined
+culture. A conscience tender and acute, the voice of God in his soul
+bidding him to choose the right and avoid the wrong, is his lawful
+inheritance bestowed upon him by his Heavenly Father. This no one can
+deny who knows aught of the love of moral truth manifested by the
+slaves of this country. God has not left the slaves without moral
+sense. Nor has he denied him the spiritual faculty which, when
+cultivated, enables him to recognize God in his spiritual
+manifestations, to discern and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> appreciate spiritual truths, and to
+feel and relish the gentle distillations of the spirit of divine love
+as they fall upon his heart like dew upon the grateful earth. The
+moral and spiritual nature of the slave, however, like his
+intellectual, goes uneducated and untrained. Deep, dark, and
+impenetrable is the gloom which enshrouds the mind and soul of the
+slave. No ray of light cheers him in his midnight darkness. No one is
+allowed to fetch him the blessings of education, and no preacher of
+righteousness is suffered to illumine his dark mind by the
+presentation of sacred truth.</p>
+
+<p>It is indeed true that slavery is a political, a civil, and a
+commercial evil. It is true that it is most excruciating and frightful
+in its effects upon the physical nature of its victim. But slavery is
+seen in its more awful wickedness and terrible heinousness, when we
+contemplate the vast waste of intellect, the vast waste of moral and
+spiritual energy, which has been caused by its poisonous touch.</p>
+
+<p>And yet the power of the State, and the influence of the Church, are
+given to its support. Many of our leading statesmen are engaged in
+devising and furthering plans for the extension of its territorial
+area, thereby hoping to perpetuate and eternize its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> bloody existence,
+while the majority of our most distinguished divines find employment
+in constructing discourses, founded upon perverse expositions of
+sacred writ, calculated to establish and fix in the minds of the
+people the impression that slavery is a divine institution.</p>
+
+<p>Although this mighty power of the State, and influence of the Church,
+be opposed to the slave, let him not despair, but be full of hope. For
+God is upon his side, truth is upon his side, and a multitude of good
+and able men and women are engaged in working out his redemption.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p150.png" width="275" height="56" alt="(signature) J. Mercer Langston" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) J. Mercer Langston</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Oberlin</span>, August 27, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Bible_vs_Slavery" id="The_Bible_vs_Slavery"></a>The Bible vs. Slavery.</h2>
+
+
+<p>"Nothing," says Dr. Spring, "is more plain to my mind than that the
+word of God recognizes the relation between master and slave as one of
+the established institutions of the age; and, that while it addresses
+slaves as Christian men, and Christian men as slaveholders, it so
+modifies the whole system of slavery as to give a death-blow to all
+its abuses, and breathes such a spirit, that in the same proportion in
+which its principles are imbibed, the yoke of bondage will melt away,
+all its abuses cease, and every form of human oppression will be
+unknown. The Bible is no agitator. It changes human governments only
+as it changes the human character. It aims at transforming the
+dispositions and hearts of men, and diffusing through all human
+institutions the supreme love of God, and the impartial love of man."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Now, this either means that the Bible requires that all institutions
+be adjusted and harmonized with the moral law&mdash;the law of love&mdash;or it
+means nothing. For, we maintain, that slavery is <i>per se</i> wrong, where
+the enslaver has no direct warrant from heaven, or the enslaved has
+not forfeited liberty by crime on principles of recognized and
+universal equity; and the whole Bible forbidding wrong must be held as
+forbidding slavery, or any arbitrary and inhuman tamperings with the
+inalienable rights of a fellow-creature.</p>
+
+<p>If slavery is not a wrong in itself, irrespective of what are called
+its abuses, then all that is essential in it may be retained from age
+to age; and all the amelioration which the Christian law superinduces
+may be such as to consist with the violation of the natural
+prerogatives of humanity, and with the denial to man of the essential
+and dearest privileges of social and domestic life, with the denial of
+the rights of conscience too. For slavery, as distinguished from
+service by contract, is this thing and no other:&mdash;it is labor
+undefined, unrewarded, on the condition of being used as vendible
+property, and every independent right of the slave, as an
+intellectual<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> and moral being, is ignored. By practical indulgence
+such rights may be sometimes conceded. But the slave-law ceases as
+such when these are recognized.</p>
+
+<p>Now, we hold it a libel on the Bible to affirm that it sanctions such
+slavery. We must warn you of the fallacy that lies in this distinction
+of the thing itself, and its abuse. What is called the abuse here is
+the essence and the characteristic of the subject. Service as well as
+slavery may be abused. Everything may be abused. But, the claim of the
+slaveholder is itself the abuse of the God-ordained relation of master
+and servant. Can men be regarded as a chattel?&mdash;that is the
+question&mdash;and so regarded without his consent, and his family treated
+as such permanently, without his consent, or even with it?</p>
+
+<p>It comes of this bad interpretation of the Christian law, that in the
+nineteenth century slavery still remains,&mdash;is cherished. It is not
+that the principles of Christianity do not tend to extinguish it. But
+men, forcing their false interpretation on the Scriptures, plead their
+authority for a system or institution, to which their whole spirit is
+opposed,&mdash;and which confesses its unscriptural character by keeping
+out Christian light, and forbidding the Scriptures with the slave.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>To talk of the spirit of Christianity, in distinction from its express
+or implied law against slavery, is as if one would trust for the
+extinction of sin against the sixth or seventh commands of the
+decalogue, by general inculcation of meekness or purity, without
+denouncing murder and defining it, or defining between allowed and
+disallowed affinity in the marriage law. We may if we do not proscribe
+theft, and bring the positive law of God to bear against it, and bring
+a law into harmony with the divine, be understood, while we talk only
+of the abuses of property, as warning rather against spending stolen
+goods in a bad way, than against theft itself? But the design of the
+moral law is to define rights, as well as to govern the use of them;
+and it requires that not only the tempers of men, but the institutions
+of society, be adjusted by the law of equity and charity. It forbids
+not only the abuse of just power, but all false usurpations of power,
+and classes man-stealers and extortioners as murderers.</p>
+
+<p>Who, if he but examines the laws of social and relative duty, as laid
+down in the New Testament Epistles, may not discern that the relation
+of master and servant is recognized side by side with the permanent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span>
+relations of parent and child, husband and wife, which rest on the law
+of nature; just because it is not the temporary, unnatural, and
+violent relation of slaveholder and slave which is recognized, but
+that of master and servant by contract. The other, its very apologists
+allow, will pass away; but these duties are enhanced in a law of
+permanent application, and rest on natural principles, common to all
+times and all nations.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 279px;">
+<img src="images/p155.png" width="279" height="83" alt="(signature) Michael Willis" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Michael Willis</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Work_Goes_Bravely_on" id="The_Work_Goes_Bravely_on"></a>"The Work Goes Bravely on."</h2>
+
+
+<p>Like all Reforms which have for their object the amelioration of man's
+condition; the advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom; the cause of
+human freedom has encountered many oppositions calculated to impede
+its progress. It has temporarily suffered from cruel defection within,
+and the most virulent persecution without the camp.</p>
+
+<p>John, the forerunner of Jesus, had for his portion "locusts and wild
+honey." But those who have stood forth in the sunlight, the advocates
+of the crushed and bleeding bondman; whose motto is, "Our country is
+the world, and our countrymen all mankind," have had no <i>honey</i> for
+<i>their</i> portion. Oh no! they have ever dwelt among the tempest and the
+storm, with thunder, lightning, and whirlwind, to feed upon.</p>
+
+<p>Some have been called, for the advocacy of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> truth, to wing their
+flight from the prison-house to Heaven; and others, to bare their
+bosoms to the red-hot indignation of relentless mobs, arrayed in
+murderous panoply. They have gone; but, thank God, "<span class="smcap lowercase">THE WORK GOES
+BRAVELY ON</span>!"</p>
+
+<p>The great men of the nation, the mighty men, the chief priests and
+rulers, have risen in their strength, and resolved to crush, as with
+an avalanche, the irrepressible aspirations of the bondman's heart for
+<span class="smcap">freedom</span>; they have attempted to padlock the out-gushing sympathies of
+humanity; to trample in the dust the sacred guarantees of the
+palladium of their own liberties, but their "terribleness hath
+deceived them, and the pride of their heart," for the desolating angel
+hath sealed <i>their</i> lips in the silence of the tomb, and we, the
+recipients of their crushing cruelties, thank God "<span class="smcap lowercase">THE WORK GOES
+BRAVELY ON</span>."</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 392px;">
+<img src="images/p157.png" width="392" height="81" alt="(signature) Wm. James Watkins" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Wm. James Watkins</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Slaveholding_not_a_Misfortune_but_a_Crime" id="Slaveholding_not_a_Misfortune_but_a_Crime"></a>Slaveholding not a Misfortune but a Crime.</h2>
+
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">London</span>, September 2, 1853.</p>
+
+<p>"For your movement on behalf of the slave, I have profound respect. I
+assure you of my unfeigned sympathies and of my earnest prayers. In my
+view, you deserve the high esteem of all who love and serve God.
+Nothing would be deemed by me a greater honor than co-operation with
+you actively in your work of faith and your labor of love. With full
+consent of all that is within me, do I range myself among those who
+deem American slavery not a sad misfortune, but a heinous crime: a
+crime all the more heinous, because justified and even perpetrated by
+men who call themselves the servants of Christ.</p>
+
+<p class="letterClose1">"I am, madam, yours respectfully,</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 246px;">
+<img src="images/p158.png" width="246" height="55" alt="(signature) William Brock" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) William Brock</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Frugality_of_Slaveholding" id="The_Frugality_of_Slaveholding"></a>The Frugality of Slaveholding.</h2>
+
+
+<p>There is nothing in the universe that can deserve the name or do the
+work of valid <span class="smcap">LAW</span> but the commandment and the ordinance of the living
+God. All human enactments, adjudications and usages not founded on
+these, are of no legal force, and should be trampled under foot. The
+practice of slaveholding, for this reason, can never be legalized, and
+all legislative or judicial attempts to sustain it are rebellion
+against God, and treason against civil society. To teach otherwise,
+would be to set up other gods above Jehovah, to promulgate the
+fundamental principle of atheism, and proclaim war against the
+liberties of mankind.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p159.png" width="275" height="81" alt="(signature) Wm. Goodell" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Wm. Goodell</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Ore_Perennius" id="Ore_Perennius"></a>"Ore Perennius."</h2>
+
+
+<p>I ask no prouder inscription for my humble tomb, than "Here lies the
+Friend of the Oppressed."</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 355px;">
+<img src="images/p160.png" width="355" height="103" alt="(signature) David Paul Brown Sept. 28, 1859" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) David Paul Brown Sept. 28, 1859</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Mission_of_America" id="The_Mission_of_America"></a>The Mission of America.</h2>
+
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Brunswick</span>, Maine, September 30, 1853.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Miss Julia Griffith</span>,</p>
+
+<p>My Dear Madam, your letter of September 23d I have received. I regret
+exceedingly that it is not in my power to furnish the article you have
+done me the honor to solicit, for the "Autographs for Freedom."
+Particularly do I regret this now, when the great conflict between
+aristocracy and democracy is about being renewed all over the
+continent of Europe, and when despots are pointing with exultation to
+the unparalleled enormities of our "peculiar institutions," and the
+friends of republican equality, in all lands, are disheartened by our
+example. Would the slaveholders of the south but consent to place
+those who till their lands, under the protection of wholesome and
+impartial law, and pay them honest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> wages, it would ere long cause
+human rights to be respected in every corner of the globe. It should
+be the mission of America, by the silent influence of a glorious
+example, to revolutionize all despotisms. We have a vast continent to
+subdue and to adorn, and we need the aid of millions more of willing
+hands to accomplish the magnificent enterprise. With much esteem I am
+truly yours,</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p162.png" width="275" height="55" alt="(signature) John S. C. Abbott." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) John S. C. Abbott.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 346px;">
+<img src="images/p164.jpg" width="346" height="500" alt="Lewis Tappan, esq. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Lewis Tappan, esq. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Disfellowshipping_Slaveholders" id="Disfellowshipping_Slaveholders"></a>Disfellowshipping Slaveholders.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The late Dr. Chalmers, not long before his death, spoke with
+disapprobation of Abolitionists in the United States, "for
+undertaking," as he said, "to decide, without sufficient evidence,
+upon the irreligious character of ministers and church-members.
+<i>They</i>, forsooth, undertake to exclude men from the Lord's table, who
+are in good and regular standing in the church of Christ, because they
+happen to hold slaves! <i>They</i> pretend to decide who, and who are not
+Christians!" It is marvellous that so learned and so distinguished a
+man should have fallen into such a mistake; and, on hearsay, ventured
+to utter a most calumnious accusation against the friends of the
+slave.</p>
+
+<p>The Abolitionists might, perhaps, make decisions in the case not wide
+of the mark, founded upon the rule given by Jesus Christ: "By their
+fruits ye shall know<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> them." But, in declaring that slaveholders ought
+not to be fellowshipped as Christians, they do not say whether a
+slaveholder is or is not a Christian. On the contrary, they leave each
+one with his Maker, the <span class="smcap">Infallible Judge</span>. But this they do:&mdash;they hold
+that no slaveholder, professing to be a Christian, is entitled to
+Christian <span class="smcap">fellowship</span>, <i>because</i> slaveholding is a sin, and should
+subject the offender to discipline. Neither Dr. Chalmers nor any other
+divine could deny the propriety of this, provided they believed that
+slaveholding is a sin, or an ecclesiastical offence. The apostle Paul
+directed that Christians should not <i>eat</i> with an <i>extortioner</i>. A
+slaveholder is an extortioner. If, then, a Christian may not eat a
+common meal with such an offender, may he sit at the Lord's table with
+him? I trow not.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Lewis Tappan.</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="A_Leaf_from_my_Scrap_Book" id="A_Leaf_from_my_Scrap_Book"></a>A Leaf from my Scrap Book.</h2>
+
+
+<p class="right"><span class="sc">May</span>, 1849.</p>
+
+<p class="center">SAMUEL R. WARD AND FREDERICK DOUGLASS.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps a fitter occasion never presented itself, nor was more
+properly availed of, for the exhibition of talent, than when Frederick
+Douglass and Samuel R. Ward debated the "question" whether the
+Constitution was or not a pro-slavery document.</p>
+
+<p>With the "question" at issue we have, at present, nothing to do; and
+with the arguments so far only as they exhibit the men.</p>
+
+<p>Both eminent for talent of an order (though differing somewhat in
+cast) far above the common level of great men.</p>
+
+<p>If any inequalities existed, they served rather to heighten than
+diminish the interest of the occasion, giving rise to one of the
+severest contests of mind with mind that has yet come to my notice.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Douglass, sincere in the opinions he has espoused, defends them with a
+fervor and eloquence that finds scarcely a competitor.</p>
+
+<p>In his very look&mdash;his gesture&mdash;in his whole manner, there is so much
+of genuine, earnest eloquence, that they leave no time for reflection.
+Now you are reminded of one rushing down some fearful steep, bidding
+you follow; now on some delightful stream, still beckoning you onward.</p>
+
+<p>In either case, no matter what your prepossessions or oppositions, you
+for the moment, at least, forget the justness or unjustness of his
+cause and obey the summons, and loath, if at all, you return to your
+former post.</p>
+
+<p>Not always, however, is he successful in retaining you. Giddy as you
+may be with the descent you have made, delighted as you are with the
+pleasure afforded, with the elysium to which he has wafted you, you
+return too often dissatisfied with his and your own impetuosity and
+want of firmness. You feel that you had had only a dream, a pastime,
+not a reality.</p>
+
+<p>This great power of momentary captivation consists in his eloquence of
+manner&mdash;his just appreciation of words.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In listening to him, your whole soul is fired&mdash;every nerve
+strung&mdash;every passion inflated&mdash;every faculty you possess ready to
+perform at a moment's bidding. You stop not to ask why or wherefore.</p>
+
+<p>'Tis a unison of mighty yet harmonious sounds that play upon your
+imagination; and you give yourself up, for a time, to their
+irresistible charm.</p>
+
+<p>At last, the <i>cataract</i> which roared around you is hushed, the
+<i>tornado</i> is passed, and you find yourself sitting upon a bank (at
+whose base roll but tranquil waters), quietly meditating that why,
+amid such a display of power, no greater effect had really been
+produced.</p>
+
+<p>After all, it must be admitted, there is a power in Mr. Douglass
+rarely to be found in any other man.</p>
+
+<p>With copiousness of language, and finish of diction, when even ideas
+fail, words come to his aid&mdash;arranging themselves, as it were, so
+completely, that they not only captivate, but often deceive us for
+ideas; and hence the vacuum that would necessarily occur in the
+address of an ordinary <i>speaker</i> is filled up, presenting the same
+beautiful harmony as do the lights and shades of a picture.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>From Mr. Douglass, in this, perhaps, as much as in any other respect,
+does Mr. <i>Ward</i> differ. Ideas form the basis of all Mr. Ward utters.
+Words are only used to express those ideas.</p>
+
+<p>If words and ideas are not inseparable, then, as mortar is to the
+stones that compose the building, so are his words to his ideas.</p>
+
+<p>In this, I judge, lays Mr. Ward's greatest strength. Concise without
+abruptness&mdash;without extraordinary stress, always clear and forcible;
+if sparing of ornament, never inelegant. In all, there appears a
+consciousness of strength, developed by close study and deep
+reflection, and only put forth because the occasion demanded,&mdash;a power
+not only to examine but to enable you to see the fairness of that
+examination and the justness of its conclusions.</p>
+
+<p>You feel Douglass to be right, without always seeing it; perhaps it is
+not too much to say, when Ward is right you see it.</p>
+
+<p>His appeals are directed rather to the understanding than the
+imagination; but so forcibly do they take possession of it, that the
+heart unhesitatingly yields.</p>
+
+<p>If, as we have said, Mr. Douglass seems as one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> whirling down some
+steep descent whose very impetuosity impels;&mdash;ere you are aware of it,
+it is the quiet serenity of Mr. Ward, as he points up the rugged
+ascent, and invites you to follow, that inspires your confidence and
+ensures your safety. Step by step do you with him climb the rugged
+steep; and, as you gain each succeeding eminence, he points you to new
+scenes and new delights;&mdash;now grand&mdash;sublime; now picturesque and
+beautiful;&mdash;always real. Most speakers fail to draw a perfect figure.
+This point I think Mr. Ward has gained. His figures, when done, stand
+out with prominence, possessing both strength and elegance.</p>
+
+<p>Douglass' imagery is fine&mdash;vivid&mdash;often gaudily painted. Ward's
+pictures&mdash;bold, strong, glowing.</p>
+
+<p>Douglass speaks right on; you acknowledge him to have been on the
+ground&mdash;nay, to have gone over the field; <i>Ward</i> seeks for and finds
+the corners; sticks the stakes, and leaves them standing; we know
+where to find them.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Douglass deals in generals; Mr. Ward reduces everything to a
+point.</p>
+
+<p>Douglass is the <i>lecturer</i>; Ward the <i>debater</i>. Douglass powerful in
+invective; Ward in argument. What<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span> advantage Douglass gains in mimicry
+Ward recovers in wit.</p>
+
+<p>Douglass has sarcasm, Ward point.</p>
+
+<p>Here, again, an essential difference may be pointed out:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Douglass says much, at times, you regret he uttered. This, however, is
+the real man, and on reflection you like him the better for it. What
+Ward says you feel to be but a necessity, growing out of the
+case,&mdash;that it ought to have been said&mdash;that you would have said
+precisely the same yourself, without adding or diminishing a single
+sentence.</p>
+
+<p>Douglass, in manner, is at all times pleasing; Ward seldom less so;
+often raises to the truly majestic, and never descends below
+propriety. If you regret when Douglass ceases to speak, you are
+anxious Ward should continue.</p>
+
+<p>Dignity is an essential quality in an orator&mdash;I mean true dignity.</p>
+
+<p>Douglass has this in an eminent degree; Ward no less so, coupled with
+it great self-possession. He is never disconcerted&mdash;all he desires he
+says.</p>
+
+<p>In one of his replies to Mr. Douglass I was struck with admiration,
+and even delight, at the calm, dignified<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> manner in which he expressed
+himself, and his ultimate triumph under what seemed to me very
+peculiar circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>Douglass' was a splendid effort&mdash;a beautiful effusion. One of those
+outpourings from the deeps of his heart of which he can so admirably
+give existence to.</p>
+
+<p>He had brought down thunders of well-merited applause; and sure I am,
+that a whisper, a breath from almost any other opponent than Mr. Ward,
+would have produced a tumult of hisses.</p>
+
+<p>Not so, however, now. The quiet, majestic air, the suppressed richness
+of a deep-toned, but well-cultivated voice, as the speaker paid a few
+well-timed compliments to his opponents, disturbed not, as it had
+produced, the dead stillness around.</p>
+
+<p>Next followed some fine sallies of wit, which broke in on the calm.</p>
+
+<p>He then proceeded to make and accomplished one of the most finished
+speeches to which I have ever listened, and sat down amidst a perfect
+storm of cheers.</p>
+
+<p>It was a noble burst of eloquence,&mdash;the gatherings up of the choicest
+possible culled thoughts, and poured forth, mingling with a unison of
+brilliant flashes and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> masterly strokes, following each other in quick
+succession; and though felt&mdash;deeply felt, no more to be described than
+the vivid lightning's zig-zag, as produced from the deep-charged
+thunder-cloud.</p>
+
+<p>If Douglass is not always successful in his attempts to heave up his
+ponderous missiles at his opponents, from the point of his descent, he
+always shows determination and spirit.</p>
+
+<p>He is often too far down the <i>pass</i>, however, (herculean though he
+be,) for his intent.</p>
+
+<p>Ward, from the eminence he has gained, giant-like, hurls them back
+with the force and skill of a practised marksman, almost invariably to
+the detriment of his already fallen victim.</p>
+
+<p>In Douglass you have a man, in whose soul the iron of oppression has
+far entered, and you feel it.</p>
+
+<p>He tells the story of his wrongs, so that they stand out in all their
+naked ugliness.</p>
+
+<p>In Ward, you have one with strong native powers,&mdash;I know of none
+stronger; superadded a careful and extensive cultivation; an
+understanding so matured, that fully enables him to successfully
+grapple with men or errors, and portray truth in a manner equalled by
+few.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After all, it must be admitted, both are men of extraordinary powers
+of mind.</p>
+
+<p>Both well qualified for the task they have undertaken.</p>
+
+<p>I have, rather than anything else, drawn these outline portraits for
+our <i>young men</i>, who can fill them up at leisure.</p>
+
+<p>The subjects are both fine models, and may be studied with profit by
+all,&mdash;especially those who are destined to stand in the front rank.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p173.png" width="275" height="75" alt="(signature) William J. Wilson" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) William J. Wilson</span>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote><p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;It has been some years since the above sketch was
+drawn; and though my impressions, especially of Mr.
+Douglass, has undergone some slight change since,&mdash;seeing in
+him enlarged, strengthened, and more matured thought, still
+I think, on the whole, the careful observer will attest
+substantially to its correctness.</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Who_is_my_Neighbor" id="Who_is_my_Neighbor"></a>"Who is my Neighbor?"</h2>
+
+
+<p>It gives me great pleasure to express my interest in your objects, by
+the following sentiment: Sympathy for the slave,&mdash;the clearest
+exhibition in modern times of the spirit which, in the parable of the
+Samaritan, first illumined the wrong of oppression, and the divineness
+of brotherly love.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 266px;">
+<img src="images/p174.png" width="266" height="74" alt="(signature) Th. Starr King" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Th. Starr King</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Consolation_for_the_Slave" id="Consolation_for_the_Slave"></a>Consolation for the Slave.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Slave though thou art to unfeeling power,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Till wrong shall reach her final hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mourn not as one on whom the day<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will never shed a healing ray.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The star of hope, that leads the dawn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Appears, and night will soon be gone.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Long has thy night of sorrow been,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Without a star to cheer the scene.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nay; there was One that watched and wept,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When thou didst think all mercy slept;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That eye, which beams with love divine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where all celestial glories shine.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Justice will soon the sceptre take;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The scourge shall fall, the tyrant quake.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hark! 'tis the voice of One from heaven;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The word, the high command is given,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">"Break every yoke, loose every chain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To usher in the Saviour's reign."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 237px;">
+<img src="images/p176.png" width="237" height="51" alt="(signature) Samuel Willard" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Samuel Willard</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Key" id="The_Key"></a>The Key.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin: a key to unlock any mind that is not
+rendered inaccessible by the rust of conservatism or party-spirit, and
+to open the fountain of every generous affection, which is not closed
+with impenetrable ice. With this key may every one become familiar,
+who would know, and both in word and deed "bear witness to the truth!"</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px;">
+<img src="images/p177.png" width="240" height="55" alt="(signature) Samuel Willard" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Samuel Willard</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_True_Mission_of_Liberty" id="The_True_Mission_of_Liberty"></a>The True Mission of Liberty.</h2>
+
+
+<p>If Liberty were to go on a pilgrimage all over the earth, she would
+find a home in every house, and a welcome in every heart. None would
+reject the favors she offers if brought to their own doors. Sure and
+prompt as the impulses of instinct, every bosom would open to admit
+her and her blessings, but&mdash;when her gospel is proclaimed as a common
+bounty to all the world,&mdash;when she is seen visiting and feasting with
+publicans and sinners, and sitting with her unwashed disciples in
+familiar and loving companionship, C&aelig;sar and the synagogue are alike
+alarmed and enraged. When she is found daily in the marketplace and on
+the mountain-top, in the hamlet and on the highway, ministering to the
+multitude, healing and feeding them,&mdash;showing the same love and
+reverence for humanity in every variety of conditions, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span> however
+disguised or degraded,&mdash;the cruelty of caste and the bitterness of
+bigotry straightway take counsel among themselves how they may destroy
+her.</p>
+
+<p>Heaven help us! Divided as we are, into the hating and the hated, the
+oppressors and the oppressed, we have settled it, somehow, that we are
+of necessity at war with each other&mdash;that the welfare of one in some
+way depends upon the wretchedness of another. How much madness and
+misery would be spared if we could in any way learn that we are
+brethren.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 348px;">
+<img src="images/p179.png" width="348" height="71" alt="(signature) William Elder" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) William Elder</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_true_Spirit_of_Reform" id="The_true_Spirit_of_Reform"></a>The true Spirit of Reform.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The religion of Jesus, acting as a vital principle in the individual
+heart, and thus leaving the entire mass of humanity, to this alone are
+we to look as of sufficient power to do away the evils that are now
+rife in the world. Just so far as the true spirit of Jesus is infused
+into the soul, and acts in the life of man, we know that sin, in its
+various forms of sensuality, oppression, and bloodshed, must
+disappear. All reforms, which are not based on this corner-stone, are
+superficial; and, however goodly their proportions may appear to the
+eye of man, they want that firm foundation which will secure them
+against being undermined or overthrown by the force of adverse
+circumstances. "Other foundation can no man lay, than that is laid,"
+for the building up of all that is really excellent and heavenly.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But, while we acknowledge the omnipotence of true religion for the
+ratification of all social wrongs, we are not to rest in the
+inculcation of its abstract principles and outward forms alone. It is
+not enough that we ourselves become, or persuade our fellow-men to
+become professed disciples of Jesus; not enough that, in a general
+way, we urge the precepts of the gospel. The obtuseness of the human
+heart, when hardened by habit and early education, requires that we
+make particular application of the precepts of Christ, and address our
+efforts to the removal of specific sins: the sins of our own age and
+country. It may be that our brother, sincerely intending to act in the
+spirit of Jesus, is yet blinded by the force of habit, and fails to
+see the sin in which he is living. If our position make us to see more
+clearly than he the course he should pursue, let us endeavor gently to
+remove the veil from his eyes, remembering how often our own vision is
+dimmed by prejudice and outward circumstances. In the moral, as well
+as in the natural world, we believe that God demands our active
+co&ouml;peration; and, as the farmer not only sows the seed, but roots out
+the weeds from among the grain, so are we to endeavor to eradicate
+from the broad field of the moral<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> world those evil practices which
+obstruct the growth of the harvest of pure and undefiled religion.</p>
+
+<p>"The husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath
+long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain." So
+are we obliged often to have "long patience," until we see the
+manifest blessing of God on our labors. But patient waiting becomes a
+virtue, only when combined with the exercise of our best powers in
+promoting the object of our desire. We must adapt our efforts to the
+express object which we seek to attain. Taking those spiritual weapons
+which are "mighty for the pulling down of the strongholds" of sin, let
+us assault the great evils of slavery and oppression of every name and
+kind, always marching under the banners of the Prince of Peace, whose
+conquests are achieved not by violence, but by the subduing power of
+Godlike love. Let us go forth, brethren, sisters, a feeble band though
+we may seem to the eye of man, yet strong in the assurance that the
+hosts of heaven are encamped round about us, and that "more are they
+that are with us, than they that are" on the side of the oppressor;
+and let us not falter until in God's own good time the word shall be
+spoken, not as, we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> would hope, in the whirlwind or the earthquake,
+but in the "still small voice" of the oppressor's own conviction,
+saying to the slaves, "Go free!"</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 212px;">
+<img src="images/p183.png" width="212" height="50" alt="(signature) Mary Willard" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Mary Willard</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="A_Welcome_to_Mrs_H_B_Stowe_on_her_Return_from_Europe" id="A_Welcome_to_Mrs_H_B_Stowe_on_her_Return_from_Europe"></a>A Welcome to Mrs. H. B. Stowe, on her Return from Europe.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She comes, she comes, o'er the bounding wave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Borne swift as an eagle's flight;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She comes, the tried friend of the slave,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Truth's champion for the right.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Not as the blood-stained warrior comes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">With shrill-sounding fife and drums;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But peaceful by our quiet homes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The conquering heroine comes.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then welcome to our Pilgrim shore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Tho' sad affliction<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> meet thee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Three million welcomes from God's poor,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The south winds bear, to greet thee.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">To thee, with chain-linked hearts we come,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Which naught but death can sever,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To thank thee for thy "Uncle Tom,"<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Thy gentle-hearted "Eva."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When the crushed slave himself shall own,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Three million fetters broken,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall mount before thee, to the Throne;<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Of thy true life, the token.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then welcome to our northern hills;<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Thy own New England dwelling;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The birds, the trees, the sparkling rills,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">All, are thy welcome swelling.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 222px;">
+<img src="images/p185.png" width="222" height="58" alt="(signature) Joseph C. Holly." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Joseph C. Holly.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Rochester, N. Y.</span>, October 19th, 1853.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="short" />
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> The sickness of her daughter.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Forward" id="Forward"></a>Forward.</h2>
+
+<p class="center sc">from the german of hoffman, in follersleben.</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">It is a time of swell and flood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">We linger on the strand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all that might to us bring good<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Lies in the distant land.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O forward! forward! why stand still?<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The flood will ne'er run dry;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who through the wave not venture will,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">That land shall never spy.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 254px;">
+<img src="images/p186.png" width="254" height="76" alt="(signature) T. W. Higginson." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) T. W. Higginson.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="What_has_Canada_to_do_with_Slavery" id="What_has_Canada_to_do_with_Slavery"></a>What has Canada to do with Slavery?</h2>
+
+
+<p>The question is often asked, both in Canada and in the United States:
+What have we in Canada to do with the Institution of Slavery, as it
+exists in the neighboring Republic? I do not think that a better
+answer is necessary, than that which is contained in the following
+extracts&mdash;the former of which is taken from a speech delivered by
+George Thompson, Esq., at the formation of the Anti-Slavery Society of
+Canada&mdash;the latter from the valuable work of the Rev. Albert Barnes on
+Slavery:</p>
+
+<p>"Are we separated geographically and politically from the country
+where slavery reigns? We are, for that very reason, the persons best
+able to form an unbiassed and sound judgment on the question at issue.
+We have as much to do with this question as with any question that
+concerns the happiness of man, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span> glory of God, or the hopes and
+destinies of the human race. We have to do with this question, for it
+lies at the foundation of our own rights as a portion of the human
+family. The cause of liberty is one all over the world. What have you
+to do with this question? The slave is your brother, and you cannot
+dissolve that Union. While he remains God's child he will remain your
+brother. He is helpless, and you are free and powerful; and if you
+neglect him, you are not doing as you would have others do to you,
+were you in bonds. Know you not that it is God's method to save man by
+man, and that man is only great, and honorable, and blest himself, as
+he is the friend and defender of those who need his aid. You are
+dwellers on the same continent with three millions of slaves. Their
+sighs come to you with every breeze from the South. Oh, haste to help
+them, that this glorious continent may be freed from its pollution and
+its curse."</p>
+
+<p>Extract from Barnes on slavery:</p>
+
+<p>"Slavery pertains to a great wrong done to our common nature, and
+affects great questions, relating to the final triumph of the
+principles of justice and humanity. The race is one great brotherhood,
+and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> every man is under obligation, as far as he has the ability, to
+defend those principles which will permanently promote the welfare of
+the human family. * * * * The questions of right and wrong know no
+geographical limits; are bounded by no conventional lines; are
+circumscribed by the windings of no river or stream, and are not
+designated by climate or by the course of the sun. There are no
+enclosures within which the question of right and wrong may not be
+carried with the utmost freedom."</p>
+
+<p>Other answers might be given, but these are quite sufficient.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 281px;">
+<img src="images/p189.png" width="281" height="83" alt="(signature) Thomas Henning" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Thomas Henning</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Fugitive_Slave_Bill_a_Fragment" id="The_Fugitive_Slave_Bill_a_Fragment"></a>The Fugitive Slave Bill: a Fragment.</h2>
+
+
+<p>But ours is the saddest part of this sad business. It would be hard
+enough to live surrounded by bondmen, even though we had never known
+any other way of life. Still, for one who had grown up with young
+slaves for playmates and for nurses, there might be much in the
+relation to quiet the conscience and soothe the sensibilities. Strong
+attachments, we all know, are often realized, even in a condition of
+things so anomalous. Perhaps, too, a large number of those about us
+would be as feeble in capacity as humble in their circumstances. One
+so born might tolerate such a position. But how different,&mdash;how, in
+comparison, and in every way intolerable, to be set as watchmen and
+interceptors of these, the brighter and the better, who, beyond all
+controversy, have outgrown the estate of bondage, and who are so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span>
+loudly called of God to be freemen, that they will brave any peril in
+obedience to the call! How can we do this and still be men and
+Christians? Would our brethren at the south do it for us? If we have,
+in our haste, so covenanted, must we not rather pay the penalty than
+fulfil the bond? I recognize obedience to civil government as the
+solemn duty of all save <i>those who without cause are made outlaws by
+the State</i>. Government protects our hearths and shelters those who are
+dearest to us. But we can honor the law by submitting to its penalties
+as well as by complying with its demands, and the penalty would be my
+election when a man who had seized his manhood at the peril of his
+life should claim of me shelter and the means of escape. Before I
+refuse that, "may my right hand forget its cunning and my tongue
+cleave to the roof of my mouth."</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 223px;">
+<img src="images/p191.png" width="223" height="64" alt="(signature) Rufus Ellis." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Rufus Ellis.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Encroachment_of_the_Slave-Power" id="The_Encroachment_of_the_Slave-Power"></a>The Encroachment of the Slave-Power.</h2>
+
+<p class="center sc">extract.</p>
+
+
+<p>Such is the unholy and gigantic power that, leaving its territorial
+domain, has usurped the seat of freedom&mdash;that has established at our
+capitol a central despotism, and bends to its will with iron hand the
+Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of our Federal
+Government.</p>
+
+<p>I have marvelled, sir, as you have, that the Spirit of Freedom in our
+fair land has so long slumbered beneath such an outrage. But I imagine
+her awakening. As she is about to awaken in her strength, and with the
+voice of the people, like the sound of many waters, rebuking this
+insolent slave-power, as Milton tells us its father and inventor was
+of old rebuked, as he sought to pass the bounds of his prison-house,
+and to darken with his presence the realms of light<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And reckon'st thou thyself with spirits of Heaven,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hell-doom'd! and breath'st defiance here and scorn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where I reign King, and to enrage thee more<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy King and Lord? Back to thy punishment<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy lingering, or with one stroke of this dart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Strange horrors seize thee and pangs unfelt before."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="letterClose1">Faithfully yours,</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 316px;">
+<img src="images/p193.png" width="316" height="90" alt="(signature) John Jay, esq." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) John Jay, esq.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Dishonor_of_Labor" id="The_Dishonor_of_Labor"></a>The Dishonor of Labor.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The fundamental, essential cause of slavery and its concomitants,
+ignorance, degradation and suffering on the one side, as of idleness,
+prodigality and luxury-born disease on the other, is a false idea of
+the nature and offices of Labor.</p>
+
+<p>Labor is not truly a curse, as has too long been asserted. It only
+becomes such through human perverseness, misconception and sin. It was
+no curse to the first pair in Eden, and will not be to their
+descendants, whenever and wherever the spirit of Eden shall pervade
+them. It is only a curse because too many seek to engross the product
+of others' work, yet do little or none themselves. If the secret were
+but out, <i>that no man can really enjoy more than his own moderate
+daily labor would produce</i>, and <i>none can truly enjoy this without
+doing the work</i>, the death-knell of Slavery in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span> general&mdash;in its
+subtler as well as its grosser forms&mdash;would be rung. Until that truth
+shall be thoroughly diffused, the cunning and strong will be able to
+prey upon the simple and feeble, whether the latter be called slaves
+or something else.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 362px;">
+<img src="images/p195.jpg" width="362" height="500" alt="Horace Greeley. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Horace Greeley. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The great reform required is not a work of hours nor of days, but of
+many years. It must first pervade our literature, and thence our
+current ideas and conversation, before it can be infused into the
+common life. Meanwhile, it would be well to remember that&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Every man who exchanges business for idleness, not because he has
+become too old or infirm to work, but because he has become rich
+enough to live without work;</p>
+
+<p>Every man who educates his son for a profession, rather than a
+mechanical or agricultural calling, not because of that son's supposed
+fitness for the former rather than the latter, but because he imagines
+Law, Physic or Preaching, a more respectable, genteel vocation, than
+building houses or growing grain;</p>
+
+<p>Every maiden who prefers in marriage a rich suitor of doubtful morals
+or scanty brains to a poor one, of sound principles, blameless life,
+good information and sound sense;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span> Every mother who is pleased when
+her daughter receives marked attention from a rich lawyer or merchant,
+but frowns on the addresses of a young farmer or artisan of slender
+property, but of well-stored mind, good character and industrious,
+provident habits;</p>
+
+<p>Every young man who, in choosing the sharer of his fireside and the
+future mother of his children, is less solicitous as to what she is
+good for, than as to how much she is worth;</p>
+
+<p>Every youth who is trained to regard little work and much
+recompense&mdash;short business-hours and long dinners&mdash;as the chief ends
+of exertion and as assurances of a happy life;</p>
+
+<p>Every teacher who thinks more of the wages than of the opportunities
+for usefulness afforded by his or her vocation;</p>
+
+<p>Every rich Abolitionist, who is ashamed of being caught by
+distinguished visiters while digging in his garden or plowing in the
+field, and wishes them to understand that he so works, not for
+occupation, but for pastime; and</p>
+
+<p>Every Abolition lecturer who would send a hireling two miles after a
+horse, whereon to ride three miles to fulfil his next appointment
+respectably;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> Though meaning no such thing, and perhaps shocked when
+it is suggested, is a practical and powerful upholder of the continued
+enslavement of our fellow-men.</p>
+
+<p class="letterClose1">In the faith of the "good time coming,"</p>
+<p class="letterClose3">I remain yours,</p>
+<p class="letterClose6 sc">Horace Greeley.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">New York</span>, Nov. 7, 1853.</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Evils_of_Colonization" id="The_Evils_of_Colonization"></a>The Evils of Colonization</h2>
+
+
+<p>I speak the words of soberness and truth when I say, that the most
+inveterate, the most formidable, the deadliest enemy of the peace,
+prosperity, and happiness of the colored population of the United
+States, is that system of African colonization which originated in and
+is perpetuated by a worldly, Pharoah-like policy beneath the dignity
+of a magnanimous and Christian people;&mdash;a system which receives much
+of its vitality from <i>ad captandum</i> appeals to popular prejudices, and
+to the unholy, grovelling passions of the canaille;&mdash;a system that
+interposes every possible obstacle in the way of the improvement and
+elevation of the colored man in the land of his birth;&mdash;that
+instigates the enactment of laws whose design and tendency are
+obviously to annoy him, to make him feel, while at home, that he is a
+stranger<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span> and a pilgrim&mdash;nay more,&mdash;to make him "wretched, and
+miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked;"&mdash;to make him "a hissing
+and a by-word," "a fugitive and a vagabond" throughout the American
+Union;&mdash;a system that is so irreconcilably opposed to the purpose of
+God in making "of <i>one</i> blood all nations for to dwell on <i>all</i> the
+face of the earth," that when the dying slaveholder, under the lashes
+of a guilty conscience, would give to his slaves unqualified freedom,
+it wickedly interposes, and persuades him that "to do justly and love
+mercy" would be to inflict an irreparable injury upon the community,
+and that to do his duty to God and his fellow-creatures, under the
+circumstances, he should bequeath to his surviving slaves the cruel
+alternative of <i>either expatriation to a far-off, pestilential clime,
+with the prospect of a premature death, or perpetual slavery, with its
+untold horrors, in his native land</i>. Against this most iniquitous
+system of persecution and proscription of an inoffensive people, for
+no other reason than that we wear the physical exterior given us in
+infinite wisdom and benevolence, I would record, nay <i>engrave</i> with
+the pen of a diamond, my most emphatic and solemn protest; more
+especially would I do so, as the system, under<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> animadversion, is most
+inconsistently fostered, and shamelessly lauded, by ministers of the
+gospel in the nineteenth century, as a scheme of Christian
+philanthropy! "O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their
+assembly, mine honor, be not thou united."</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 275px;">
+<img src="images/p200.png" width="275" height="59" alt="(signature) Wm. Watkins" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Wm. Watkins</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Toronto</span>, C. W., Oct. 31st.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 355px;">
+<img src="images/p201.jpg" width="355" height="500" alt="William H. Seward. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">William H. Seward. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Basis_of_the_American_Constitution" id="The_Basis_of_the_American_Constitution"></a>The Basis of the American Constitution</h2>
+
+<p>"Happy," (said Washington, when announcing the treaty of peace to the
+army,) "thrice happy shall they be pronounced hereafter, who shall
+have contributed anything, who shall have performed the meanest office
+in erecting this stupendous fabric of freedom and empire on the broad
+basis of independency, who shall have assisted in protecting the
+Rights of Human Nature, and establishing an asylum for the poor and
+oppressed of all nations and religions."</p>
+
+<p>You remember well that the Revolutionary Congress in the declaration
+of independence placed the momentous controversy between the Colonies
+and Great Britain on the absolute and inherent equality of all men. It
+is not, however, so well understood that that body closed its
+existence on the adoption of the Federal Constitution with this solemn
+injunction,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> addressed to the people of the United States: "Let it be
+remembered that it has ever been the pride and boast of America, that
+the Rights for which she contended were the Rights of Human Nature."</p>
+
+<p>No one will contend that our Fathers, after effecting the Revolution
+and the independence of their country, by proclaiming this system of
+beneficent political philosophy, established an entirely different one
+in the constitution assigned to its government. This philosophy, then,
+is the basis of the American Constitution.</p>
+
+<p>It is, moreover, a true philosophy, deduced from the nature of man and
+the character of the Creator. If there were no supreme law, then the
+world would be a scene of universal anarchy, resulting from the
+eternal conflict of peculiar institutions and antagonistic laws. There
+being such a universal law, if any human constitution and laws
+differing from it could have any authority, then that universal law
+could not be supreme. That supreme law is necessarily based on the
+equality of nations, of races, and of men. It is a simple,
+self-evident basis. One nation, race, or individual, may not oppress
+or injure another, because the safety and welfare of each is essential
+to the common<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> safety and welfare of all. If all are not equal and
+free, then who is entitled to be free, and what evidence of his
+superiority can he bring from nature or revelation? All men
+necessarily have a common interest in the promulgation and maintenance
+of these principles, because it is equally in the nature of men to be
+content with the enjoyment of their just rights, and to be
+discontented under the privation of them. Just so far as these
+principles practically prevail, the stringency of government is safely
+relaxed, and peace and harmony obtain. But men cannot maintain these
+principles, or even comprehend them, without a very considerable
+advance in knowledge and virtue. The law of nations, designed to
+preserve peace among mankind, was unknown to the ancients. It has been
+perfected in our own times, by means of the more general dissemination
+of knowledge and practice of the virtues inculcated by Christianity.
+To disseminate knowledge, and to increase virtue therefore among men,
+is to establish and maintain the principles on which the recovery and
+preservation of their inherent natural rights depend; and the State
+that does this most faithfully, advances most effectually the common
+cause of Human Nature.</p>
+
+<p>For myself, I am sure that this cause is not a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span> dream, but a reality.
+Have not all men consciousness of a property in the memory of human
+transactions available for the same great purposes, the security of
+their individual rights, and the perfection of their individual
+happiness? Have not all men a consciousness of the same equal interest
+in the achievements of invention, in the instructions of philosophy,
+and in the solaces of music and the arts? And do not these
+achievements, instructions, and solaces, exert everywhere the same
+influences, and produce the same emotions in the bosoms of all men?
+Since all languages are convertible into each other, by correspondence
+with the same agents, objects, actions, and emotions, have not all men
+practically one common language? Since the constitutions and laws of
+all societies are only so many various definitions of the rights and
+duties of men as those rights and duties are learned from Nature and
+Revelation, have not all men practically one code of moral duty? Since
+the religions of men, in their various climes, are only so many
+different forms of their devotion towards a Supreme and Almighty Power
+entitled to their reverence and receiving it under the various names
+of Jehovah, Jove, and Lord, have not all men practically one
+religion?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> Since all men are seeking liberty and happiness for a
+season here, and to deserve and so to secure more perfect liberty and
+happiness somewhere in a future world, and, since they all
+substantially agree that these temporal and spiritual objects are to
+be attained only through the knowledge of truth and the practice of
+virtue, have not mankind practically one common pursuit through one
+common way of one common and equal hope and destiny?</p>
+
+<p>If there had been no such common Humanity as I have insisted upon,
+then the American people would not have enjoyed the sympathies of
+mankind when establishing institutions of civil and religious liberty
+here, nor would their establishment here have awakened in the nations
+of Europe and of South America desires and hopes of similar
+institutions there. If there had been no such common Humanity, then we
+should not ever, since the American Revolution, have seen human
+society throughout the world divided into two parties, the high and
+the low&mdash;the one perpetually foreboding and earnestly hoping the
+downfall, and the other as confidently predicting and as sincerely
+desiring, the durability of Republican Institutions. If there had been
+no such common<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span> Humanity, then we should not have seen this tide of
+emigration from insular and continental Europe flowing into our
+country through the channels of the St. Lawrence, the Hudson, and the
+Mississippi,&mdash;ebbing, however, always with the occasional rise of the
+hopes of freedom abroad, and always swelling again into greater volume
+when those premature hopes subside. If there were no such common
+Humanity, then the poor of Great Britain would not be perpetually
+appealing to us against the oppression of landlords on their farms and
+work-masters in their manufactories and mines; and so, on the other
+hand, we should not be, as we are now, perpetually framing apologies
+to mankind for the continuance of African slavery among ourselves. If
+there were no such common Humanity, then the fame of Wallace would
+have long ago died away in his native mountains, and the name even of
+Washington would at most have been only a household word in Virginia,
+and not as it is now, a watchword of Hope and Progress throughout the
+world.</p>
+
+<p>If there had been no such common Humanity, then when the civilization
+of Greece and Rome had been consumed by the fires of human passion,
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> nations of modern Europe could never have gathered from among its
+ashes the philosophy, the arts, and the religion, which were
+imperishable, and have reconstructed with those materials that better
+civilization, which, amid the conflicts and fall of political and
+ecclesiastical systems, has been constantly advancing towards
+perfection in every succeeding age. If there had been no such common
+Humanity, then the dark and massive Egyptian obelisk would not have
+everywhere reappeared in the sepulchral architecture of our own times,
+and the light and graceful orders of Greece and Italy would not as now
+have been the models of our villas and our dwellings, nor would the
+simple and lofty arch and the delicate tracery of Gothic design have
+been as it now is, everywhere consecrated to the service of religion.</p>
+
+<p>If there had been no such common humanity, then would the sense of the
+obligation of the Decalogue have been confined to the despised nation
+who received it from Mount Sinai, and the prophecies of Jewish seers
+and the songs of Jewish bards would have perished forever with their
+temple, and never afterwards could they have become as they now are,
+the universal utterance of the spiritual emotions and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span> hopes of
+mankind. If there had been no such common humanity, then certainly
+Europe and Africa, and even new America, would not, after the lapse of
+centuries, have recognized a common Redeemer, from all the sufferings
+and perils of human life, in a culprit who had been ignominiously
+executed in the obscure Roman province of Judea; nor would Europe have
+ever gone up in arms to Palestine, to wrest from the unbelieving Turk
+the tomb where that culprit had slept for only three days and nights
+after his descent from the cross,&mdash;much less would his traditionary
+instructions, preserved by fishermen and publicans, have become the
+chief agency in the renovation of human society, through after-coming
+ages.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Wm. H. Seward.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="A_Wish" id="A_Wish"></a>A Wish.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Could I embody and unbosom now,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That which is most within me;&mdash;could I wreak<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My thoughts upon expression, and thus throw<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Soul, heart, mind, passions, feelings strong or weak,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All that I would have sought, and all I seek,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bear, know, and feel, and breathe,&mdash;into <i>one</i> word,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And that one word were lightning"&mdash;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I would speak it, not to crush the oppressor, but to melt the chains
+of slave and master, so that <i>both</i> should go free.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px;">
+<img src="images/p209.png" width="320" height="44" alt="(signature) Caroline M. Kirkland." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Caroline M. Kirkland.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">New York</span>, November 8th, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="A_Dialogue" id="A_Dialogue"></a>A Dialogue.</h2>
+
+<p class="center">SCENE.&mdash;<span class="smcap">A breakfast table.</span></p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="smcap">Mrs. Goodman</span>, <i>a widow</i>.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Frank Goodman</span>, <i>her son</i>.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Freeman</span>, <i>a Southern gentleman, brother to Mrs. Goodman</i>.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Dryman</span>, <i>a boarder</i>.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Freeman</span>. (<i>Sipping his coffee and looking over the morning paper</i>)
+reads&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"The performance of Uncle Tom's Cabin attracts to the theatre very
+unusual audiences. In the "genteel row" last evening, we observed the
+strictest religionists of the day, not excepting puritanic
+Presbyterians, and the sober disciples of Wesley and Fox. For
+ourselves, we must candidly confess we have never witnessed such a
+<i>play</i> upon all the emotions of which humanity is susceptible. Mrs.
+Stowe, however unworthy the name of Patriot, is at least entitled to
+the credit of seizing the great thought of the age, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span> embodying it
+in such a form as to make it presentable to every order of mind and
+every class of society. She says, in effect, to Legislators, let me
+furnish your amusements, and I care not who makes your laws."</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p>Politicians would do well to look to this&mdash;(<i>laying down the paper and
+speaking in a tone of impatience</i>)&mdash;so, so, Fanaticism is leading to
+its legitimate results. Uncle Tom in our parlors, Uncle Tom in our
+pulpits, and Uncle Tom in our plays.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. Dryman.</i> Truly "he eateth with publicans and sinners."</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>Not noticing Mr. D's remark.</i>) One would think this last
+appropriation of the vaunted hero would be sufficient to convince the
+most radical of the demoralizing influence of these publications.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> (<i>Modestly.</i>) How differently people judge. Why, last
+evening, when I saw crowds of the hardened and dissipated shedding
+tears of honest sympathy, when Uncle Tom and Eva sang,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"I see a band of spirits bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And conquering palms they bear"&mdash;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I felt that the moral sentiment was asserting its supremacy even in
+places of amusement.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Worse and worse, my nephew and namesake a theatre-goer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> (<i>In an under tone.</i>) Namesake! "that's the unkindest cut of
+all."</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> Not exactly a theatre-goer, uncle, though I confess I might
+be, were the performance always as excellent as last evening.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Goodman.</i> Frank, my son, I hope thee will not attempt to drink
+from a dirty pool because a pure stream flows into it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> But the rank and file of Democracy drank deep libations to
+Liberty there, mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> (<i>Passing his cup.</i>) "Drink deep or taste not of the Pierian
+spring."</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>Sarcastically.</i>) Take care, you'll be found using the
+products of slave labor!</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> (<i>Jocosely.</i>)</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Think how many backs have smarted,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For the sweets," &amp;c.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Take a bit of toast, Mr. Dryman, our northern products are perfectly
+innocent, you know?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> (<i>Helping himself bountifully.</i>) "Ask no questions for
+conscience's sake."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> The practice of you Northerners is consistent with your
+professions.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> "Consistency, thou art a jewel!"</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> It is very hard to be consistent in this world, uncle. My
+mother once made a resolution to use nothing polluted by Intemperance
+or Oppression, but finding that it required her to take constant
+thought "what we should eat and drink, and wherewithal we should be
+clothed," she was fain to relax her discipline.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Frank, thee must not transcend the truth in thy
+mirthfulness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> Well, mother, did not some experiment of the kind lead to the
+conclusion, that I might exercise my freedom in worldly amusements?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Yes, my son, but thy enthusiasm about the theatre makes me
+fear I have gone beyond my light.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>Bitterly.</i>) Never fear, sister, the young man will soon
+prove that Abolition Societies and Theatres are admirable schools of
+morals.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> Uncle Tom at least has a good moral, and so has William Tell
+and Pizarro&mdash;indeed I do not remember of ever reading a play which had
+not.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>In a tone of irony.</i>) When I see a young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span> man spending his
+time at the theatre, in search of good morals, I think he "pays too
+dear for his whistle."</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> And yet brother Frank speaks the truth. What success does
+thee think a play would meet, which should represent such a man as
+Uncle Tom yielding his principles and faith to the will of a Legree?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>With great asperity.</i>) Do you, too, Rebecca, advocate
+theatres?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> It is not of theatres, but of books, that I am speaking.
+Does thee recollect any work, the whole plot and design of which is
+made to turn upon the triumph of the wicked over the good?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>Musing.</i>) Why&mdash;I&mdash;don't remember now&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> (<i>In great surprise.</i>) Why, mother, are there no books
+written in favor of Slavery?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> I cannot think of any book which can be said to be written
+for Slavery, in the sense that Uncle Tom's Cabin is written against
+it. Such a work is, I think, impossible. No poet would attempt to
+portray its moral aspects, and delineate its beauties, with the idea
+of exciting our admiration and approval.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Spoken just like a woman! Your sex always seize upon some
+thought gained through the sensibilities,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span> and then bring in a
+decision without farther investigation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> And is not the instinct of a woman a more perfect guide in
+morals, than the reason of man?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>Sarcastically.</i>) Certainly&mdash;if it direct her son to the
+theatre.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> Or teach him the supremacy of the "Higher Law."</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> (<i>With warmth</i>.) My mother did not direct me to the theatre,
+sir; she has taught me to love better things;&mdash;to her I owe all the
+lofty sentiments of virtue and truth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Softly, softly Frank, theatres and Slavery will be quite
+sufficient for this discussion, without introducing Woman's Rights.
+(<i>To Mr. Freeman</i>.) Would it not be more consistent, brother, for thee
+to disprove my argument, than to object to my method of obtaining it?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Nothing can be easier&mdash;you have asserted in round terms that
+no work was ever written in favor of Slavery. What an absurdity! If
+you have any information you must know that the southern press groans
+with publications upon this topic.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Still if thee examine the matter, thee will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span> find that every
+one of these books treats Slavery as a curse, and describes it not as
+a <i>good</i> but an <i>evil</i>, of which each man loads the guilt upon his
+forefathers or his neighbors.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Granted they call it a curse, but assuredly they bring
+forward a defence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Yes, they defend the Constitution; they defend the rights of
+the south; they advocate Colonization, or point out the errors of
+Abolitionists, but what one in word or in effect advocates the
+principles of human Slavery? The truth is, brother, the system has the
+literature of the world against it; and the south ought to see in this
+reading age an infallible sign that the days of its cherished
+institutions are numbered. Does thee not perceive that every novel and
+every poem carries to the parlor, or, if it please thee, to the
+theatre, an influence which will eventually re-act on the ballot-box.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> Do you mean, mother, to include in your remarks the
+discourses of Reverend Divines upon the Patriarchal Institution?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> I cannot except even these; for they acknowledge it an evil,
+though they contend it exists by divine ordination, just as they
+assert Original Sin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span> to be the offspring of Eternal Decrees; but they
+no more convince the Slaveholder, that he loves his bondman as
+himself, than they convict him of the guilt of Adam's transgression.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> What do you say to Webster's great speech on the compromise
+measure?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> (<i>Pleasantly.</i>) Is not the moral view of a question, about
+as far as a woman's instinct ought to go?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Oh, no; go on, your strictures are quite amusing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Well, then, since <i>we</i> have taken the position of a
+reviewer, <i>we</i> must confess that the last effort of the great Daniel
+appears to us to be <i>on an Act of Congress</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> And <i>at</i> the Presidential chair.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> (<i>Continuing.</i>) It did not touch the merits of slavery at
+all. Webster knew the feelings of the constituents too well to attempt
+such a task. He therefore skilfully diverted their attention from his
+real issue, to the glorious Union, and its danger from agitators, and
+he thus carried with him the sympathies of many honest haters of
+oppression.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Well, sister, I do not know but you will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span> prove that there is
+not an advocate for slavery on the face of the earth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Only such advocates as there is for robbery and war. Those
+who find it for their interest to practice these crimes condemn them
+in the abstract, or at most only apologize for them, as necessary and
+expedient, under peculiar circumstances.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> (<i>Laughing.</i>) Why, mother, I shall certainly subscribe for
+your "North American Review," particularly if you fill the literary
+department as ably as you have the moral and political, to test which,
+let me propound a question? If the reward of the good be the charm of
+fiction, how do you account for the pleasure derived from tragedy,
+where the good are overwhelmed with the evil?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> (<i>Smiling.</i>) With great diffidence we reply to the query of
+our learned friend. The force of tragedy consists in its depicting
+evil so ruinous as to involve even the innocent in the catastrophe;
+the pleasure is derived, we think, from the <i>failure</i> of the
+mischievous design, and the merited retribution which falls upon the
+head of the plotters. In Romeo, "a scourge is laid upon the hate of
+the Montagues and Capulets, by which all are punished;" Hamlet's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span>
+wicked uncle is justly served, drinking the poison tempered by
+himself; and Iago pulls down ruin upon himself no less than upon
+Cassio.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> (<i>Bowing playfully</i>.) Your review meets my entire
+approbation, inasmuch as it confirms my doctrine, that theatres always
+give their verdict in favor of virtue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> "Casting out devils through Beelzebub."</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> The artistic effect of every work of the imagination is
+wrought upon what critics call the "sympathetic emotion of virtue,"
+and the decisions of this faculty, so far as we understand them,
+always correspond with what Christians believe concerning the "final
+restitution of all things."</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> The theatre, then, ought to promote good morals&mdash;why does it
+not?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">"And many worthy men<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Maintained it might be turned to good account,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And so perhaps it might, but never was."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> The "sympathetic emotion of virtue," not having an object,
+never rises to passion, and therefore never produces action.
+Philosophers tell us that a thought of virtue passing often through
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span> mind, without being wrought out into a fact, weakens the moral
+sense; thus people may read the best of books, and witness the finest
+exhibitions of moral beauty, and constantly retrograde in virtue. The
+dissolute characters of players, who continually utter the loftiest
+sentiments, and practice the lowest vices, are accounted for on this
+principle; and we ought to judge the theatre as we do slavery, by its
+demoralizing effect upon those engaged in it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Do you mean to say, Rebecca, that slaveholding has the same
+effect upon me that stage-playing has upon the actor?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Well, brother, I put it to thy own conscience. Does thee
+not, daily, in dealing with thy slaves, stifle thy emotions of piety,
+generosity, and love, and is it not easier to do this now than it was
+twenty years ago, when, with a heart full of tenderness and truth,
+thee left us for thy southern home?</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> (<i>Rising and pacing the room with great agitation</i>.) Now,
+sister, you are going to introduce another absurdity! Do I practice
+the principles learned in the nursery? No, I do not! Do I believe
+"honesty is the best policy" and its kindred humbugs? Of course I
+don't! Show me the man who does? Do I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span> follow the precepts of the
+sermon on the Mount? Not I! The man who should undertake to do so
+would make himself a perfect laughing-stock. I should like to see one
+of your northern hypocrites attempt it. Ha! ha! ha! "Lay not up
+treasure upon earth," and "take no thought for the morrow;" why, what
+else do people take thought for, either North or South? It is not what
+they shall eat, drink, or wear to-day, that worries them, but how they
+shall lay up something for themselves or their children hereafter. You
+silly women are always talking about righteousness, as if you really
+thought it could enter in human plans, but we men of the world, who
+have to wring the precious dollar from the hard hand of labor, know
+better! I tell you, Rebecca, I don't believe there is a business-man
+in your pious Quaker city even, who would dare acquaint his wife and
+daughters with all his little arrangements for amassing wealth. Ha!
+ha! ha! How the pretty things would stare at the tricks of the trade,
+and simper: "Is that right?" As though anybody thought business
+principles were gospel principles! As though they expected a man was
+going to love his neighbor as himself, when he was making a bargain
+with him! It provokes me to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span> see you make yourself so ridiculous! You
+ought to know that every man <i>acts</i> on the principle, that "Wealth is
+the chief good;" and you ought to know, too, that there the
+slaveholders have the advantage of you entirely. They do right to
+work, and grind it out of the slaves on a large scale, and call
+Abraham and Moses to witness the patriarchal method, while your
+northern mercenaries scheme and speculate how they can turn a penny
+out of ignorance and poverty, and have not even the apology of a
+precedent for their meanness. Why, one of our generous southern
+planters is as far above one of your stingy
+shave-three-cents-on-a-yard-tradesmen, as Robin Hood is above a
+miserable tea-spoon burglar. The south sails under false colors, does
+it? What flag do your platform men give to the wind, I should like to
+know? What do they care for the Fugitive Slave Law? Half of them would
+help a runaway to Canada with as good a will as they'd eat their
+dinner. (<i>Coming close and sitting down, so as to look fixedly in her
+face</i>.) I'll tell you what, sister, the chivalry of the south responds
+to you northern Christians who prate so loud of brotherhood and
+charity, in the words of young Cancer to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span> his mother&mdash;"<i>Libenter tuis
+pr&aelig;ceptis obsequar, si te prius idem facientem videro</i>."</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> (<i>very gently</i>.) These strictures, brother, are too keenly
+just. They remind me of Kossuth's assertion, that there is not yet a
+Christian nation on the earth, nor yet a Christian church, that dare
+venture entirely upon the principles of the Gospel. Still, the
+aberration of reformers proves no more in favor of slavery, than the
+vices and miseries of civilized life prove that barbarism is the
+natural and happy state of the human race; nay, these very aberrations
+prove that a centripetal power counteracts the opposing force, and
+holds them within the genial influence of the sun of truth.</p>
+
+<p>The law of spiritual gravitation is little understood. But thousands
+of philosophers are closely observing the phenomena, and carefully
+comparing them with the data given in the Sermon on the Mount; and it
+is not too much to hope that this generation will give to the world a
+Newton, whose moral mathematics shall demonstrate that the <i>law</i> of
+<i>love</i> is the true theory of individual and national prosperity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. F.</i> Well, sister, I wish you much joy of your millennial state;
+but before the Sermon on the Mount<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span> becomes the code of nations, I
+guess you will find&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. D.</i> (<i>interrupting</i>.) "A little more grape, Captain Bragg!"</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank.</i> I tell you, uncle, "there's a good time coming." Mother is a
+prophet. I have watched her words all my life, and I never knew them
+fall to the ground.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. G.</i> Observe, my friends, that the Sermon on the Mount puts
+blessing before requirement. If you accept these beatitudes as the
+gift of your Divine Master, you will find that obedience to the
+precepts which follow, is not the unwilling service of a bondsman, but
+the free and natural action of an unfranchised spirit.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 174px;">
+<img src="images/p224.png" width="174" height="52" alt="(signature) C. A. Bloss" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) C. A. Bloss</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Clover street Sem.</span>, November 10th, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 336px;">
+<img src="images/p225.jpg" width="336" height="500" alt="Gerritt Smith (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Gerritt Smith (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="A_Time_of_Justice_will_Come" id="A_Time_of_Justice_will_Come"></a>A Time of Justice will Come</h2>
+
+
+<p>We are conscious of the odium that rests upon us. We feel that we are
+wronged; but we are not impatient for the righting of our wrongs. We
+bide our time. The men that shall come after us, will do us justice.
+The present generation of America cannot "judge righteous judgment,"
+in the case of the uncompromising friends of freedom, religion, and
+law. They are so debauched and blinded by slavery, and by the perverse
+and low ideas of freedom, religion, and law, which it engenders, that
+they "call evil good, and good evil; put darkness for light, and light
+for darkness; put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter." They have
+been living out the lie of slavery so long, and have been, thereby,
+deadening their consciences so long, as to be now well nigh incapable
+of perceiving the wide and everlasting distinctions between truth and
+falsehood.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Gerritt Smith.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span>
+<h2>Hope and Confidence.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O! What a strange thing is the human heart!<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">With its youth, and its joy and fear!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It doats upon creatures that day-dreams impart,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Full sorely it grieves when their beauties depart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And weeps bitter tears over their bier.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The veriest gleamings that dart into birth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Reveal to its being of light:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dimliest shadows that flit upon earth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Allure it, with promise of pleasure and mirth<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">In a country, where never is night.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">It leaves the sure things of its own real home,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">To pursue the mere phantoms of thought!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Well knowing, that certain, there soon must come,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An end to the visions, that so gladsome,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">It bewilder'd, has eagerly sought.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 390px;">
+<img src="images/p226.jpg" width="390" height="500" alt="Chas. L. Reason (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Chas. L. Reason (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span></p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">It fleeth the wholesome prose of life,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">With its riches all sure and told:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And scorning the beauties, that calmly in strife<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Truth fashions, it longs for the things all rife<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">With glitter, and color, and gold.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">It buildeth its home 'neath an ever calm sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Near streams wherein crown-jewels sleep,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And there it reposeth: while soothingly nigh,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some loved one, perchance, doth most wooingly sigh,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">As the zephyrs all full-laden creep.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thus it musingly wasteth its strength, in dreams<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Of bliss, that can never prove true:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And ever it revels amid what seems,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A paradise smiling with Hope's warm beams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And flowers all spangled with dew.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But, even as flowers are broken and fade,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And yield up their perfumes&mdash;their souls,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So vanish the colors of which dreams are made,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So perish the structures on which Hope is staid,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And the treasures to which the heart holds.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">In vain does it follow the wandering forms<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">That promise, yet always recede:&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Too briefly the sunshine is darken'd by storms:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hope minstrels it onward, yet never informs<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Of the dangers unseen, that impede.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Heart trusts the outward: "Of man 'tis the whole."<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Thus Confidence clings to decay!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It feels the sweet homage that riches control,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And laughs in contempt at the wealth of the soul:<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And behold! now, friends wait for their prey.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">It trusteth in glory, and beauty, and youth,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">In love-vows that ne'er are to die:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But soon the Death-king, in whose heart is no ruth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Enfolds it,&mdash;and mounting aloft, of Truth<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Thus sings, as turns glassy the eye.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"There's nothing so lovely and bright below,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">As the shapes of the purified mind!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nought surer to which the weak heart can grow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On which it can rest, as it onward doth go,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Than that Truth which its own tendrils bind.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Yes! Truth opes within a pure sun-tide of bliss,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And shows in its ever calm flood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A transcript of regions, where no darkness is,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where <span class="smcap">Hope</span> its conceptions may realize,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And <span class="smcap">Confidence</span> sleep in 'The Good.'"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 309px;">
+<img src="images/p229.png" width="309" height="94" alt="(signature) Chas. L. Reason." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Chas. L. Reason.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="A_Letter_that_Speaks_for_Itself" id="A_Letter_that_Speaks_for_Itself"></a>A Letter that Speaks for Itself.</h2>
+
+<p class="center">To T&mdash;&mdash; M&mdash;&mdash;.</p>
+
+<p>Disinterested benevolence, my dear sir, has nothing at all to do with
+abolitionism. Nay, I doubt very much if there is such a thing as
+disinterested benevolence; but be this as it may, there is no occasion
+for it in the anti-slavery ranks.</p>
+
+<p>It is selfishness,&mdash;sheer selfishness, that has thus far carried on
+the war with slavery and wrong in all times; and selfishness must
+break the chains of the American slave.</p>
+
+<p>Self-love has fixed the chain around the arm of every leader and every
+soldier in the American anti-slavery army. Where would William Lloyd
+Garrison have been to-day, if any combination of circumstances could
+have shut in his soul's deep hatred of oppression, and prevented its
+finding utterance in burning words?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span> He would have been dead and
+rotten. It is necessary to his own existence that he should
+work,&mdash;work for the slave; and in his work he gratifies all the
+strongest instincts of his nature, more completely than even the
+grossest sensualist can gratify <i>his</i>, by unlimited indulgence.</p>
+
+<p>Gerritt Smith, too. Suppose he was compelled to hoard his princely
+fortune, or spend it as most others do! O dear! what a dyspeptic we
+should have in six months; and all the hydropathic institutes in the
+country could never keep him alive five years.</p>
+
+<p>John P. Hale would soon be done with his rotund person and jovial
+face, if he could no longer send the sharp arrows of his wit and
+sarcasm into the consciences of his human-whipping neighbors.</p>
+
+<p>It is a necessity of all great nations to hate meanness, and nothing
+under God's heaven ever was so mean as American slavery. Think of it.
+<i>Men</i> who swagger around with pistols and bowie-knifes to avenge their
+insulted honor, if any one should question it,&mdash;imagine one turning up
+his sleeves to horsewhip an old woman for burning his steak, or
+pocketing her wages, earned at the wash-tub!</p>
+
+<p>No one with a soul above that of a pig-louse, could<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span> help loathing the
+system, the instant he saw it in its native meanness. Then, in order
+to keep his own self-respect,&mdash;to gratify the love of the good and
+true in his own soul, he <i>must</i> express that loathing.</p>
+
+<p>No disinterestedness about doing right, for nobody can be so much
+interested in the act as the doer of it.</p>
+
+<p>Wrong-doing is the only possible self-abnegation, of which the whole
+range of thought admits.</p>
+
+<p>All the humiliation and agony of the Saviour himself, were necessary
+to himself. Nothing less could have expressed the infinite love of the
+Divine nature; and in working out a most perfect righteousness for
+those he loved, he also wrought out a most perfect happiness for
+himself.</p>
+
+<p>The eternal law of God links the happiness of all the creatures made
+in His image in an electric chain, united in the Divine love; and He,
+who has "a fellow-feeling for our infirmities," has given us a
+fellow-feeling with the sufferings of each other. So that no soul in
+which the Divine image is not totally obscured, can know of the misery
+of another, without a sympathetic throb of sorrow.</p>
+
+<p>The true heart in Maine <i>cannot</i> know that the slave-mother in Georgia
+is weeping for her children, torn<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span> from her arms by avarice, without
+feeling her anguish palpitating in its inmost core.</p>
+
+<p>It is the pulsations of the sympathetic heart which stretches out the
+hand to interfere between her and her aggressor; and abolitionists are
+just seeking a soft pillow that they may "sleep o' nights."</p>
+
+<p>It is selfishness, I tell you, all selfishness! The great whale when
+she gives up her own large life to protect her young one, and the
+little wren when she carries all the nice tit bits to her babies, are
+as true to themselves as the old pig when she shoulders all her little
+family out of the trough.</p>
+
+<p>The whale enjoys death, and the wren her little fellows' supper, with
+a better zest than an old grunter does her corn, and Wm. Gildersten in
+spending money and laboring to prevent any more scenes of brutal
+violence in his State, by punishing the one past, gratifies his own
+loves and longings quite as much as Judge Grier in grunting out his
+wrath against all lovers of liberty.</p>
+
+<p>The one would enjoy being hanged for the cause of God and Humanity,
+more than the other would the luxury of hanging him, even if he could
+have <i>all</i> the pleasure to himself,&mdash;be not only judge and
+persecutor,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span> as he prefers, but marshal, jailor, and hangman to boot.</p>
+
+<p>More than this, every creature, so far as other creatures are
+concerned, has a right to be happy in his own way. Nero had as much
+right to wish for power to cut off all the heads in Italy at one blow,
+as an innocent pig to wish for capacity to eat all the corn in the
+world. Mankind has no right to punish either for the desire or its
+manifestation. They should only make fences to prevent the
+accomplishment of the wish.</p>
+
+<p>Americans have no right to punish Judge Grier for wishing to persecute
+everybody who attempts to enforce State laws against murderous
+assaults by <i>his</i> officers. They should content themselves with
+fencing his Honor in, or, if necessary, putting a ring in his nose. He
+has as much right to be Judge Grier as George Washington had to be
+George Washington, and is no more selfish in following the instincts
+of his nature, than Washington was in following his.</p>
+
+<p class="letterClose1">Without any great respect,</p>
+<p class="letterClose2">I am your friend,</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 323px;">
+<img src="images/p234.png" width="323" height="67" alt="(signature) Jane G. Swisshelm" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Jane G. Swisshelm</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="On_Freedom" id="On_Freedom"></a>On Freedom.</h2>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Once I wished I might rehearse<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Freedom's p&aelig;an in my verse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That the slave who caught the strain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Should throb until he snapt his chain.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But the Spirit said, "Not so;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Speak it not, or speak it low;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Name not lightly to be said,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gift too precious to be prayed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Passion not to be exprest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But by heaving of the breast;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet,&mdash;would'st thou the mountain find<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where this deity is shrined,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who gives the seas and sunset-skies<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their unspent beauty of surprise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, when it lists him, waken can<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Brute and savage into man;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or, if in thy heart he shine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Blends the starry fates with thine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Draws angels nigh to dwell with thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And makes thy thoughts archangels be;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Freedom's secret would'st thou know?&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Right thou feelest rashly do.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/p236.png" width="350" height="73" alt="(signature) R. W. Emerson." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) R. W. Emerson.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Mary_Smith" id="Mary_Smith"></a>Mary Smith,</h2>
+
+<p class="center">AN ANTI-SLAVERY REMINISCENCE.</p>
+
+
+<p>Some years ago a free colored woman, who was born in New England, and
+had gone to the south to attend upon some family, was shipwrecked, as
+she was returning northwards, on the coast of North Carolina. She,
+however, as well as some of the crew of the vessel, was saved. The
+half-civilized people of that region rendered some assistance to the
+shipwrecked party; but Mary Smith was detained by one of the natives
+as a slave.</p>
+
+<p>The poor woman succeeded in getting a letter written to some person in
+Boston, in which the particulars of her story were narrated. Either
+this letter, or one afterwards written, contained references to people
+in Boston who were acquainted with her.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It was not very easy, even with these references, to get sufficient
+evidence to prove the freedom and identity of an obscure person, who
+had been away from Boston for some years. A strong interest, however,
+was felt in the case wherever it became known. And Rev. Samuel
+Snowden, well-remembered by the name of Father Snowden, with his usual
+indomitable energy and perseverance in aiding persons of his own color
+in distress, succeeded in finding people in Boston who were well
+acquainted with Mary Smith, and recollected her having left that place
+to go to the south. Pursuing his inquiries with great diligence, he
+ascertained the place of her birth, which was somewhere in New
+Hampshire. I forget the name of the town.</p>
+
+<p>Affidavits were now procured, which established the place of Mary
+Smith's birth, her residence in Boston, and the time of her departure
+for the south, and other circumstances to corroborate her story.</p>
+
+<p>Edward Everett, who was at this time Governor of Massachusetts, at the
+request of Mary Smith's friends, forwarded the documents they had
+obtained, accompanied with an urgent letter from himself, demanding
+her release from captivity, on the ground of her being a free citizen
+of Massachusetts.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Governor of North Carolina replied very courteously to Governor
+Everett. He admitted the right of the woman to her freedom, and
+acknowledged that no person in North Carolina could lawfully detain
+her as a slave. But, at the same time he said, that as Governor, he
+had no power to interfere with the person who held her in custody. The
+decision on her right to freedom, depended on another department of
+the government. He promised, however, to write to the man who held
+her, and solicit her release.</p>
+
+<p>The remonstrances of the Governor of North Carolina proved successful.
+Mary Smith soon arrived in Boston. And some of her old acquaintances
+who had given the evidence which led to her release, hastened to meet
+her and congratulate her on her escape from bondage. At the meeting
+they looked on her for some moments with astonishment, for they could
+trace in her features no resemblance to their former companion. A
+speedy explanation took place, from which it appeared that all the
+documents sent to North Carolina related to one Mary Smith; but the
+woman whose liberty they procured, was another Mary Smith.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Governor Everett had a hearty laugh when Father Snowden told him the
+happy result of his letter to the Governor of North Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>The moral of this story is, that a plain, common name, is sometimes
+more useful to its owner, than a more brilliant one.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 288px;">
+<img src="images/p240.png" width="288" height="64" alt="(signature) S. E. Sewall" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) S. E. Sewall</span>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote><p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Note</span>.&mdash;I have endeavored to give the facts of Mary Smith's
+story with exact accuracy, writing from memory only, without
+the aid of anything written. It is possible I may be
+mistaken in some immaterial circumstance.</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Freedom_Liberty" id="Freedom_Liberty"></a>Freedom&mdash;Liberty.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Freedom and Liberty are synonymes. Freedom is an essence; Liberty, an
+accident. Freedom is born with a man; Liberty may be conferred on him.
+Freedom is progressive; Liberty is circumscribed. Freedom is the gift
+of God; Liberty, the creature of society. Liberty may be taken away
+from a man; but, on whatsoever soul Freedom may alight, the course of
+that soul is thenceforth onward and upward; society, customs, laws,
+armies, are but as wythes in its giant grasp, if they oppose,
+instruments to work its will, if they assent. Human kind welcome the
+birth of a free soul with reverence and shoutings, rejoicing in the
+advent of a fresh off-shoot of the Divine Whole, of which this is but
+a part.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 356px;">
+<img src="images/p241.png" width="356" height="51" alt="(signature) James McCune Smith" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) James McCune Smith</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">New-York</span>, Nov. 22d, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="An_Aspiration" id="An_Aspiration"></a>An Aspiration.</h2>
+
+
+<p>You want my autograph. Permit me, then, to sign myself the friend of
+every effort for human emancipation in our own country, and throughout
+the world. God speed the day when all chains shall fall from the limbs
+and from the soul, and universal liberty co-exist with universal
+righteousness and universal peace. In this work I am</p>
+
+<p class="letterClose2">Yours truly,</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 225px;">
+<img src="images/p242.png" width="225" height="42" alt="(signature) E. H. Chapin." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) E. H. Chapin.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">New York</span>, Nov. 22d.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 380px;">
+<img src="images/p243.jpg" width="380" height="500" alt="E. H. Chapin (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">E. H. Chapin (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="The_Dying_Soliloquy_of_the_Victim_of_the_Wilkesbarre_Tragedy" id="The_Dying_Soliloquy_of_the_Victim_of_the_Wilkesbarre_Tragedy"></a>The Dying Soliloquy of the Victim of the Wilkesbarre Tragedy.</h2>
+
+
+<p>He was approached from behind by Deputy Marshal Wyncoop and his
+assistants, knocked down with a mace and partially shackled. The
+fugitive, who had unsuspectingly waited upon them during their
+breakfast at the Phenix Hotel, was a tall, noble-looking, remarkably
+intelligent, and a nearly white mulatto; after a desperate effort and
+severe struggle, he shook off his <i>five</i> assailants, and with the loss
+of everything but a remnant of his shirt, rushed from the house and
+plunged into the water, exclaiming: "I will drown rather than be taken
+alive." He was pursued and fired upon several times, the last ball
+taking effect in his head, his face being instantly covered with
+blood. He sprang up and shrieked in great agony, and no doubt would
+have sunk at once, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span> for the buoyancy of the water. Seeing his
+condition, the slave-catchers retreated, coolly remarking that "dead
+niggers were not worth taking South."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Than be a slave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dread death I'll brave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hail the moment near,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">When the soul mid pain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Shall burst the chain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That long has bound it here.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Earth's thrilling pulse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Man's stern repulse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This weary heart no longer feels;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Its beating hushed<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Its vain hopes crushed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It craves that life which death reveals.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">That moment great<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">My soul would wait,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In awe and peace sublime;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nor bitter tears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Nor slave-born fears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As I pass from earth to time.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The angry past,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Like phantoms vast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glides by like the rushing wave;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">So soon shall I,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Forgotten lie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the depths of my briny grave.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The time shall be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">"When no more sea"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall hide its treasures lone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Then my soul shall rise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Clothed for the skies,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To find its blissful home.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Foul deeds laid wrong<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The whip and thong,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have scored my manhood's heart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">But ne'er again<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Shall fiends constrain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">My body to the slave's vile mart.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The 'whelming wave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">This corpse shall lave;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Let the winds still pipe aloud,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Let the waters lash,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The white foam dash,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er mangled brow and bloody shroud.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Roll on, thou free,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Unfettered sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy restless moan, my dirge,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">My cradle deep<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In my last lone sleep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is the scoop of thy hollow surge.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Would I might live,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2"><i>One</i> glance to give,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To those whose hearts would bless,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Each word of love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">All price above,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As mine to theirs I press.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">The wish is vain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">My frenzied brain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is dark'ning even now;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Above, above,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Is Heaven's love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And mercy's wide arched bow.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">Glad free-born soul<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">With grateful hold,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now grasp the gift from Heav'n&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Thy freedom won,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">New life begun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forgive, thou'rt there forgiv'n.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 337px;">
+<img src="images/p247.png" width="337" height="72" alt="(signature) H. H. Greenough" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) H. H. Greenough</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Let_all_be_Free" id="Let_all_be_Free"></a>Let all be Free.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Unbounded in thy expanse&mdash;far reaching<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From shore to shore&mdash;ever beautiful<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are thy crystal waters&mdash;O sea.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beautiful&mdash;when thy waves, the white pebbles lave,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When the weary sea-birds sleep, upon the bosom of the deep.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But when thy storm-pressed billows burst,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The grasp which man would "lay upon thy mane,"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then do I most love thee, sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou emblem of the <i>Free</i>.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When above me beam the stars,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How beautiful in their infinitude of light,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er the blue heavens spread, like gems<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the brow of youth!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Far, far away, beyond the paths of day,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More glorious yet, as suns which never set,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In darkness never! but shining forever!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You are more loved by me&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ye emblems of the <i>Free</i>.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">All earth of the beautiful is full.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Beautiful the streams which leave the rural vales,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fringed with scarlet berries and leafy green!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O world of colors infinite, and lines of ever-varying grace,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How by sea and shore art thou ever beautiful!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But the torrent rushing by, and the eagle in the sky,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Alpine heights of snow where man does never go,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More lovely are to me,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For they are <i>Free</i>.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Beautiful is man, and yet more beautiful<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Woman: coupled by bare circumstance<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of place or gold, still beautiful.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But this must fade!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Only the soul, grows never old:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They most agree, who most are free:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Liberty is the food of love!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The heavens, the earth, man's heart, and sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forever cry, <i>let all be Free</i>!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 148px;">
+<img src="images/p250.png" width="148" height="65" alt="(signature) C. M. Clay." title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) C. M. Clay.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Kentucky</span>, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 332px;">
+<img src="images/p252.jpg" width="332" height="500" alt="Frederick Douglass (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Frederick Douglass (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="To_the_Editor_of_the_Autographs_for_Freedom" id="To_the_Editor_of_the_Autographs_for_Freedom"></a><i>To the Editor of the "Autographs for Freedom."</i></h3>
+
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Dear Madam</span>,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>If the enclosed paragraph from a speech of mine delivered in
+May last, at the anniversary meeting of the American and
+Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, shall be deemed suited to the
+pages of the forthcoming annual, please accept it as my
+contribution.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;">With great respect,</span></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 325px;">
+<img src="images/p253.png" width="325" height="55" alt="(signature) Frederick Douglass" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Frederick Douglass</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Rochester</span>, November, 1853.</p></blockquote>
+
+<h2>Extract.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No colored man, with any nervous sensibility, can stand before an
+American audience without an intense and painful sense of the
+disadvantages imposed by his color. He feels little borne up by that
+brotherly sympathy and generous enthusiasm, which give wings to the
+eloquence, and strength to the hearts of other men, who advocate other
+and more popular causes. The ground which a colored man occupies in
+this country is, every inch of it, sternly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span> disputed. Sir, were I a
+white man, speaking for the right of white men, I should in this
+country have a smooth sea and a fair wind. It is, perhaps, creditable
+to the American people (and I am not the man to detract from their
+credit) that they listen eagerly to the report of wrongs endured by
+distant nations. The Hungarian, the Italian, the Irishman, the Jew and
+the Gentile, all find in this goodly land a home; and when any of
+them, or all of them, desire to speak, they find willing ears, warm
+hearts, and open hands. For these people, the Americans have
+principles of justice, maxims of mercy, sentiments of religion, and
+feelings of brotherhood in abundance. But for <i>my</i> poor people, (alas,
+how poor!)&mdash;enslaved, scourged, blasted, overwhelmed, and ruined, it
+would appear that America had neither justice, mercy, nor religion.
+She has no scales in which to weigh our wrongs, and no standard by
+which to measure our rights. Just here lies the grand difficulty of
+the colored man's cause. It is found in the fact, that we may not
+avail ourselves of the just force of admitted American principles. If
+I do not misinterpret the feelings and philosophy of my white
+fellow-countrymen generally, they wish us to understand distinctly and
+fully that they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</a></span> have no other use for us whatever, than to coin
+dollars out of our blood.</p>
+
+<p>Our position here is anomalous, unequal, and extraordinary. It is a
+position to which the most courageous of our race cannot look without
+deep concern. Sir, we are a hopeful people, and in this we are
+fortunate; but for this trait of our character, we should have, long
+before this seemingly unpropitious hour, sunk down under a sense of
+utter despair.</p>
+
+<p>Look at it, sir. Here, upon the soil of our birth, in a country which
+has known us for two centuries, among a people who did not wait for us
+to seek them, but who sought us, found us, and brought us to their own
+chosen land,&mdash;a people for whom we have performed the humblest
+services, and whose greatest comforts and luxuries have been won from
+the soil by our sable and sinewy arms,&mdash;I say, sir, among such a
+people, and with such obvious recommendations to favor, we are far
+less esteemed than the veriest stranger and sojourner.</p>
+
+<p>Aliens are we in our native land. The fundamental principles of the
+republic, to which the humblest white man, whether born here or
+elsewhere, may appeal with confidence in the hope of awakening a
+favorable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span> response, are held to be inapplicable to us. The glorious
+doctrines of your revolutionary fathers, and the more glorious
+teachings of the Son of God, are construed and applied against us. We
+are literally scourged beyond the beneficent range of both
+authorities,&mdash;human and divine. We plead for our rights, in the name
+of the immortal declaration of independence, and of the written
+constitution of government, and we are answered with imprecations and
+curses. In the sacred name of Jesus we beg for mercy, and the
+slave-whip, red with blood, cracks over us in mockery. We invoke the
+aid of the ministers of Him who came "to preach deliverance to the
+captive," and to set at liberty them that are bound, and from the
+loftiest summits of this ministry comes the inhuman and blasphemous
+response, saying: if one prayer would move the Almighty arm in mercy
+to break your galling chains, that prayer would be withheld. We cry
+for help to humanity&mdash;a common humanity, and here too we are repulsed.
+American humanity hates us, scorns us, disowns and denies, in a
+thousand ways, our very personality. The outspread wing of American
+Christianity, apparently broad enough to give shelter to a perishing
+world, refuses to cover us. To us, its bones<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span> are brass, and its
+feathers iron. In running thither for shelter and succor, we have only
+fled from the hungry bloodhound to the devouring wolf,&mdash;from a corrupt
+and selfish world to a hollow and hypocritical church.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Extract_from_an_unpublished_Poem_on_Freedom" id="Extract_from_an_unpublished_Poem_on_Freedom"></a>Extract from an unpublished Poem on Freedom.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh, Freedom! when thy morning march began,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Co&euml;val with the birth and breath of man;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who that could view thee in that Asian clime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">God-born, soul-nursed, the infant heir of time&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who that could see thee in that Asian court,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flit with the sparrow, with the lion sport,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Talk with the murmur of the babbling rill<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sing thy summer song upon the hill&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who that could know thee as thou wast inwrought<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The all in all of nature's primal thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And see thee given by Omniscient mind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A native boon to lord, and brute, and wind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Could e'er have dreamed with fate's prophetic sleep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The darker lines thy horoscope would keep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or trembling read, thro' tones with horror thrilled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The damned deeds thy future name would gild?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Lo! The swart chief of Afric's vergeless plains,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Poor Heaven-wept child of nature's joys and pains,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mounts his fleet steed with wind-directed course,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor checks again his free unbridled horse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But lordless, wanders where his will inclines<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From Tuats heats to Zegzeg's stunted pines!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">View him, ye craven few, ye living-dead!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wrecks of a being whence the soul has fled!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ye Goths and Vandals of his plundered coast!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ye <i>Christian</i> Bondous, who of feeling boast,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who quickly kindling to historic fire<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Contemn a Marius' or a Scylla's ire,<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a><br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span><span class="i0">Or kindly lulled to sympathetic glow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lament the martyrs of some far-off woe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And tender grown, with sorrow hugely great<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Weep o'er an Agis' or Jugurtha's fate!<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">View him, ye hollow heartlings as he stalks<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dauntless monarch of his native walks<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Breathes the warm odor which the girgir bears,<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a><br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</a></span><span class="i0">Shouts the fierce music of his savage airs,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or madly brave in hottest chase pursues<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The tawny monster of the desert dews;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Eager, erect, persistent as the storm,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Soul in his mien, God's image in his form!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yes, view him thus, from Kaffir to Soudan,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And tell me, worldlings, is the black a man?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">See, the full sun emerging from the deep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Climbs with red eye, the light-illumined steep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And brightly beautiful continuous smiles<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A fecund blessing on those Indian Isles!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like eastern woods which sweeten as they burn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So, the parched earths to odorous flowrets turn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And feathered fayes their murmurous wings expand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Waked by the magic of his conjuror's wand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flash their red plumes, and vocalize each dell<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where browse the fecho and the dun-gazelle,<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a><br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[Pg 260]</a></span><span class="i0">While half forgetful of her changing sphere,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The loathful summer lingers year by year.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here, in the light of God's supernal eye&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His realms unbounded, and his woes a sigh&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dusky son of evening placed whilcome<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Found with the Gnu an ever-vernal home,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And wiser than Athenas' wisest schools,<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor led by zealots, nor scholastic rules,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gazed at the stars that stud yon tender blue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hoped, and deemed the cheat of death untrue;<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</a></span><span class="i0">Yet, supple sophist to a plastic mind,<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Saw gods in woods, and spirits in the wind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Heard in the tones that stirred the waves within,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The mingled voice of Hadna and Odin,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Doomed the fleeced tenant of the wild to bleed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A guileless votive to his harmless creed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then gladly grateful at each rite fulfilled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sought the cool shadow where the spring distilled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lightly lab'rous thro' the torpid day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whiled in sweet peace the sultry eve away.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Or if perchance to nature darkly true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He strikes the war-path thro' the midnight dew,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Steals in the covert on the sleeping foe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And wreaks the horrors of a barbarous woe;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet, yet returning to the home-girt spot<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[Pg 262]</a></span>&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The vengeful causes and the deed forgot&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where greenest boughs o'er sloping banks impend,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And gurgling waves to bosky dells descend;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Intent the long expectant brood to sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He halts beneath the broad acacia tree;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And warmly pressed by wonder-gloating eyes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Displays the vantage of each savage prize;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Stills with glad pride and plundered gems, uncouth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The ardent longings of his daughter's youth;<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Bids the dark spouse the tropic meal prepare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mid laughing echoes from the bird-voiced air;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Passes before him in a fond review<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The merry numbers of his crisp-haired crew;<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a><br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</a></span><span class="i0">Recounts the dangers of the last night's strife,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Joys with their joy, and lives their inner life;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And then when slow the lengthened day expires,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mid twilight balms and star-enkindled fires,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With <i>all</i> the father sees each form retire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A ruthless heathen, but a loving sire.<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Innocuously thus, thro' long, long years<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Untaught by learning, yet unknown to fears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The swarthy Afric whiled the jocund hours,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A petted child of nature's rosiest bowers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Till lured by wealth the hardy Portuguese,<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Seeks the green waters of his Eastern seas,<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</a></span><span class="i0">And venturous nations more excursive grown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Scan his glad coast from radiant zone to zone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then Fortune's minion in a foreign clime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cursed by his own and damned to later time,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of incest born and by the chances thrown<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A tainted alien on a ravished throne,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gapes the foul flatteries of a fawning train,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fatuous mock'ries, which themselves disdain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A fancied monarch, but the witless sport<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of adulation, and a practiced court,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vaunts to his broad realms and Timour-like proclaims<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Illusive titles of barbaric names,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cheats his own nature, and now generous grown,<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a><br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[Pg 265]</a></span><span class="i0">Dispenses souls and empires not his own,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Draws the deep purple round his royal seat,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lifts his low crest, affects the God complete,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By giving with light breath, oh, shame to tell!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These heirs of Heav'n unto the fate of hell.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sped by the mandate of his recreant train,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lo! commerce, broad winged seraph of the main!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shook her white plumage and coqueting, won<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Propitious favors from the southern sun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Till manly hearts and keel-impelling gales,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Furled on the coast her half-reluctant sails.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Abashed, amazed, with fear-dilated eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The marvelling tribes these new-born wonders spy;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">See from the shore, bright glittering in the sun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The moving freightage of each galleon;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wait till the measured strokes of oars bring near<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These way-lost wanderers of another sphere,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then timorously glad, yet awe-struck still,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lead from the sunshine to the breezy hill;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With courteous grace a resting place assign<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Neath rustling leaves and grape-empurpled vine,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[Pg 266]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And led by craft in artless pride make known<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The lustrous lurements of their gorgeous zone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As in the field some skilful ranger sets<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The fraudful cordage of his specious nets,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Places some fragrant viand in the snare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And captive takes the unsuspicious hare;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So the bold strangers with superior will<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lay their base plans with disingenuous skill,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ope their stored treasures and with art display<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their worthless figments to the air of day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Roll their large lids, and with grave gestures laud<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each tinsel trinket and each painted gaud;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With mystic signs of strange import apply<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some gew-gaw bauble to the gloating eye;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Touch with nice skill, yet craft-dissembled smile,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gems from the mine and spices from the Isle,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Affect no care, yet hope a thrifty sale&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wealth of Empires in th' opposing scale&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While he, the poor victim of their selfish creed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Prescient of evil art foredoomed to bleed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pleased yet alarmed, desiring but deterred,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flutters still nearer like a snake-charmed bird;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas, too often taken with a toy&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Too soon to weep a kindred fate with Troy!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[Pg 267]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Evils received, like twilight stars dilate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The less the light, the larger grows their state;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thus the first error in that savage air,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Spreads as a flame, and leaves a ruin there.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Too dearly generous and too warmly true,<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The simple black wears out the fatal clew,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From barter flies to trade; from trade to wants;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From wants to interests and derided haunts;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thence, rolls from off the once-sequestered shore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The turgid tide of havoc and of war;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No warning ringing from the red adunes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No prophets rising, and no Laocoons,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Remotest tribes the baleful influence own;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Feel to extremes, and at their centres groan.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Now laughs the stranger at their anguished throes,<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Feeds on their ills, and battens on their woes;<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[Pg 268]</a></span><span class="i0">Glads his freed conscience at each pillaged mine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And finds forgiveness at a Christian shrine;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By specious creeds and sophists darkly taught,<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To semble virtue and dissemble thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With Saviour-seeming smile, adds fuel to the flame,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ulysses' craft, without Ulysses' aim,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And sadly faithful to his dark designs,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fiction improves; heroic rage refines;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For lo! Achilles, victor of the train!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Draws Hector lifeless, round the Ilian plain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But ah! these later Greeks more cruel strive,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And bind their victim to the load alive!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Oh, beats there, Heaven, beneath thy gorgeous blue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One heart so basely to itself untrue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So dead of pulse, and so insensate grown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It feels not such a cause dear as its own?<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[Pg 269]</a></span><span class="i0">Dwells there a being 'neath thine eye, oh, God!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A fellow-worm from out the self-same clod,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose fevered blood does not impatient boil,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fierce as a tiger's in the hunter's toil,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To see degenerate men and States prolong,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So foul a deed&mdash;so thrice accursed a wrong?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tell me, ye loud-voiced winds that ceaseless roll,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Eternal miracles from pole to pole,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Breathes there on earth so vile and mean a thing<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That crushed, it will not turn again and sting?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And say! ye tyrants in your boasted halls,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Read ye no warnings on your darkened walls?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hear ye no seeming mutterings of the cloud<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Break from the millions which your steps have bowed?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Think ye, ye hold in your ignoble thrall,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mind, soul, thought, taste, hope, feeling, valor, all?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No; these unfettered scorn your nerveless hand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sport at their will, and scoff at your command,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Range through arcades of shadow-brooding palms,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Snuff their free airs and breathe their floating balms,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or bolder still, on fancy's fiery wing&mdash;<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a><br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</a></span><span class="i0">Caught from their letters at the noon-day spring&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With star-eyed science, and her seraph train<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Read the bright secrets of yon azure plain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hear Loxian murmurs in Rhodolphe's caves<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Meet with sweet answers from the nymph-voiced waves;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sit with the pilot at Ph&oelig;nicia's helm,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And mark the boundries of the Lybian realm;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">See swarthy Memnon in the grave debate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dispute with gods, and rule a conqu'ring state,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And warmly and kindling dare&mdash;yes, <i>dare</i> to hope,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A second Empire on the future's scope!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">And thou, my country, latest born of time!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dearest of all, of all the most sublime!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How long shall patriots own, with blush of shame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So foul a blot upon so fair a name?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How long thy sons with filial hearts deplore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A Python evil on thy Cyprean shore?<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span><span class="i0">What! and wilt thou, the moral Hercules<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose youth eclipsed the dream of Pericles,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose trunceant bands heroically caught,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Spartan phalanx with the Attic thought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wizard throne of age-nursed error hurled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Defied a tyrant and transfixed a world!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wilt <i>thou</i> see Afric like old Priam sue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The bones of children as in nature due,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And foully craven, ingrate-like forget,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy life, thy learning's her dishonored debt?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Say; wilt not <i>thou</i>, whose time-ennobling sons&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy Jay's, thy Franklin's and thy Washington's,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Caught the bright cestus from fair freedom's God,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And bound it as a girdle to thy sod;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah! wilt not thou with generous mind confess<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The might of woe, the strength of helplessness?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High-Heaven's almoner to a world oppressed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who in the march of nations led the rest!<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will there no Gracchus in <i>thy</i> Senate stand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And speak the words that millions should command?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No Clysthementhe 'neath thy broad arched dome,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Predict the fortunes with the crimes of Rome?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</a></span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall time yet partial in his cycling course,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bring thee no Fox, no Pitt, no Wilberforce?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Still must thou live and corybantic die,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A traceless meteor in a clouding sky;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy name a cheat; thyself, a world-wide lie?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No; there will come, prophetic hearts may trust,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some embryo angel of superior dust,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With brow of cloud and tongue of livid flame&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Another Moses, but in time and name&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose Heaven-appealing voice shall bid thee pass&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On either hand a wall of living glass;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ope for the Lybian with convulsive shock<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His more than Horeb's adamantine rock,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And gazing from some second Pisgah, see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy idol broken and thy people free.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/p272.png" width="350" height="113" alt="(signature) William D. Snow" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) William D. Snow</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Richmond</span>, Dec. 1st, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+<h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Ye Christian <i>Bondous</i> who of feeling boast!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Unable in the whole range of my vernacular, to find an epithet
+sufficiently expressive to enunciate the aggravated contempt which all
+feel for that pseudonymous class of philanthropists, who flauntingly
+parade a pompous sympathy with popular and distant distresses, but
+studiously cultivate a coarse ignorance of, and hauteur to, the
+Greeks, which "are at the door," I have had recource to the Metonymy,
+<i>Bondou</i>, as rendered mournfully significant through the melancholy
+fate of the illustrious Houghton.&mdash;Vide <i>Report African Discovery
+Society</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Contemn a Marius' or a Scylla's ire."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Napoleon in his protest to Lord Bathurst, provoked by the petty
+tyranny of Sir Hudson Lowe, said of the "Proscriptions," and (by
+negative inference) in extenuation of them, that they "<i>were made with
+the blood yet fresh upon the sword</i>." A sentence, which, falling from
+the lips of one of the most imperturbably cool and calculating of
+mankind, under circumstances superinducing peculiar reflection on
+every word uttered, cannot but come with the force of a whole volume
+of excoriative evidence against the demoralization of war, even upon
+the most abstracted and elevated natures.&mdash;Vide <i>Letters of Montholon
+and Las Cases</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Weep o'er an Agis' or Jugurtha's fate."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Agis, King of Lacedemon and colleague of Leonidas, was a youth of
+singular purity and promise. Aiming to correct the abuses which had
+crept into the Spartan polity, he introduced regenerative laws. Among
+others, one for the equalization of property, and as an example of
+disinterested liberality, shared his estate with the community.
+Unappreciated by the degenerated Senate however, he was deposed, and,
+with his whole family, strangled by order of the ingrate
+State.&mdash;<i>Edin. Encyc.</i>
+</p><p>
+It is said that when Jugurtha was led before the ear of the conquerer,
+he lost his senses. After the triumph he was thrown into prison,
+where, whilst they were in haste to strip him, some tore his robes off
+his back, and others, catching eagerly at his pendants, pulled off the
+tips of his ears with them. When he was thrust down naked into the
+dungeon, all wild and confused, he said, with a frantic smile,
+"Heavens! how cold is this bath of yours!" There struggling for six
+days with starvation, and to the last hour laboring for the
+preservation of his life, he came to his end.&mdash;<i>Plut. Cai. Mar.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Breathes the warm odor which the <i>girgir</i> bears,"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+The girgir, or the <i>geshe el aube</i>, a species of flowering grass.
+Piercing, fragrant, and grateful in its odor, it operates not unlike a
+mild stimulant, when respired for any length of time, and is found
+chiefly near the borders of small streams and in the vicinage of the
+Tassada.&mdash;<i>Lyn. Gui. and Soud.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Where browse the <i>fecho</i> and the dun-gazelle."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Among the wild animals are prodigious numbers of the vari-colored
+species of the gazelle, the bohur sassa, fecho, and madoqua. They are
+extremely numerous in the provinces depopulated <i>by war and slavery</i>,
+enjoying the wild oats of the deserted hamlets without fear of
+molestation from a returning population.&mdash;<i>Notes on Central Africa.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And wiser than Athenas' wisest schools,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor led by zealots, nor scholastic rules,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gazed at the stars which stud yon tender blue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hoped and deemed the cheat of death untrue."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Though Socrates and Plato, particularly the former, are generally
+admitted by writers of authority, among whom, indeed, are Polycarpe,
+Chrysotom, and Eusebius, to have in a manner <i>suspected</i> rather than
+believed, the immortality of the soul; yet we have no evidence of
+their ever having, by the finest process of ratiocination, so
+thoroughly convinced themselves as to introduce it generally as a
+tenable thesis on the portico. A beautiful thread of implicit belief
+and fervent hope, of after life, assimilating to the hunting-ground of
+our own American Indians, and though sensuous still, a step far in
+advance of the black void of ancient philosophy, has always run
+through the higher mythologies of the Negro. So notorious, indeed, was
+the fact among early Christians, that that ubiquitous riddle, "Prestor
+John," was, by believers, regarded as having a <i>locale</i> in Central
+Africa; while Henry of Portugal actually despatched two ambassadors,
+Corvilla and Payvan, to a rumored Christian court, south of the
+Sahara.&mdash;<i>Edin. Encyc. Early Chris. His. Port.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Yet supple sophist to a plastic mind,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sees gods in woods, and spirits in the wind."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+The imagination of the African, like his musical genius, which
+extracts surprising harmony from the rudest of sources, the clapping
+of hands, the clanking of chains, the resonance of lasso wood, and
+perforated shells, seems to invest everything with a resident spirit
+of peculiar power. Accordingly, his mythologies are most numerous and
+poetical&mdash;his entire catalogue of superior gods alone, embracing a
+more extended length than the Assyro-Babylon Alphabet, with its three
+hundred letters.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"The vengeful causes and the deed forgot."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+All travellers agree in the facile ductility and inertia-like
+amiability of the native African character.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Brewster</span> <i>on Africa.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"The merry numbers of his crisp-haired crew."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+The negro race is, perhaps, the most prolific of all the human
+species. Their infancy and youth are singularly happy. The parents are
+passionately fond of their children.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Goldbury's</span> <i>Travels.</i>
+</p><p>
+"Strike me," said my attendant, "but do not curse my mother." The same
+sentiment I found universally to prevail.
+</p><p>
+Some of the first lessons in which the Mandings women instruct their
+children is the <i>practice of truth</i>. It was the only consolation for a
+negro mother, whose son had been murdered by the Moors, that "<i>the boy
+had never told a lie</i>."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Park's</span> <i>Travels.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"With all the father sees each form retire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A ruthless heathen, but a loving sire."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Or led the combat, bold without a plan,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">An artless savage, but a fearless man."<br /></span>
+<span class="i12"><span class="smcap">Campbell.</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Till lured by wealth the hardy Portuguese,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sought the green waters of his Eastern seas,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And venturous nations more excursive grown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pierced his glad coast from radiant zone to zone."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Vasquez de Gama, a Portuguese nobleman, was the first to discover a
+maritime passage to the Indies; unless, perhaps, we credit the
+improbable achievement of the Ph&oelig;nicians, related by Herodotus as
+occurring, 604 <span class="smcap">b.c.</span>
+</p><p>
+De Gama doubled the cape in 1498, explored the eastern shores as far
+as Melinda, in Zanguebar, and sailing thence arrived at Calcutta in
+May. This expedition, second to none in its results, save that of
+Columbus six years before, drew the attention of all Europe. Whole
+nations became actuated by the same enthusiasm, and private companies
+of merchants sent out whole fleets on voyages of discovery, scouring
+the entire coast from Cape Verd to Gaudfui, and discovering the
+Mascharenhas and most of the islands of the Ethiopean Archipelago.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Cheats his own nature and now generous grown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dispenses realms and empires not his own."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Charles V. granted a patent <i>to one of his Flemish favorites</i>,
+containing an exclusive right to import four thousand negroes!&mdash;<i>Hist.
+Slavery</i>.
+</p><p>
+The crime of having <i>first</i> recommended the importation of African
+slaves into America, <i>is due to the Flemish nobility</i>, who obtained a
+monopoly of four thousand negroes, which they sold to some Genoese
+merchants for 25,000 ducats.&mdash;<i>Life of Cardinal Ximenes</i>.
+</p><p>
+They (the Genoese) were the first to bring into a regular form, that
+commerce for slaves, between Africa and America, which has since grown
+to such an amazing extent.&mdash;<i>Robertson.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Too warmly generous and dearly true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The simple black," &amp;c.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+It will remain an indelible reproach on the name of Europeans, that
+for more than three centuries their intercourse with the Africans has
+only tended to destroy their happiness and debase their
+character.&mdash;<i>Edin. Ency.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Now laughs the stranger at their anguished throes."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+The arts of the slave-merchant have inflamed the hostility of their
+various tribes, and heightened their ferocity by sedulously increasing
+their wars.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"By specious creeds and sophists darkly taught."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Hamlet's advice to his offending mother;&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Assume a virtue, tho' you have it not."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Adding hypocrisy to avowed unworthiness, was the acknowledged
+injunction of the church, wherever and whenever she participated in
+secular affairs, with a view of emolument. For a peculiar illustration
+of this favorite doctrine, see Clement VI.'s edict, when, in virtue of
+the right arrogated by the holy see <i>to dispose of all countries
+belonging to the heathen</i>, he erected (1344) the Canaries into a
+kingdom, and disposed of them to Lewis de la Corda, a prince of
+Castile.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Or bolder still on fancy's fiery wing."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+That I do not exaggerate the <i>belle lettres</i> and classical
+accomplishments of at least two of the "chattels" of the "peculiar
+institution," in the lines following the above, see "Poems written by
+Rosa and Maria," <i>property</i> of South Carolina, and published in 1834.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Hear <i>Loxian</i> murmurs in Rhodolphe's caves."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Loxian is a name frequently given to Apollo by Greek writers and is
+met with, more than once, in the "Ch&oelig;phor&aelig; of
+Eschylus."&mdash;<i>Campbell.</i>
+</p><p>
+Euripides mentions it three times, and Sophocles twice, its euphony
+recommends it more than any other name of the fair-haired god.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And in the march of nations led the <i>van</i>."<br /></span>
+<span class="i18"><i>Campbell</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 404px;">
+<img src="images/p274.jpg" width="404" height="500" alt="Henry Ward Beecher. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Henry Ward Beecher. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Letter" id="Letter"></a>Letter</h2>
+
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Brooklyn</span>, December 6th, 1853.</p>
+
+<p>Dear Sir,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Your note of November 29th, requesting a line from me for the
+Autographs for Freedom, is received.</p>
+
+<p>I wish that I had something that would add to the literary value of
+your laudable enterprise. In so great a cause as that of human
+liberty, every great interest in society ought to have a voice and a
+decisive testimony. Art should be in sympathy with freedom and
+literature, and all human learning should speak with <i>unmistakable</i>
+accents for the elevation, evangelization, and liberation of the
+oppressed. In a future day, the historian cannot purge our political
+history from the shame of wanton and mercenary oppression. But there
+is not, I believe, a book in the literature of our<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</a></span> country that will
+be alive and known a hundred years hence, in which can be found the
+taint of despotism. The literature of the world is on the side of
+liberty.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 12.5em;">I am very truly yours,</span></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/p274.png" width="350" height="101" alt="(signature) Henry Ward Beecher" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Henry Ward Beecher</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 423px;">
+<img src="images/p276.jpg" width="423" height="500" alt="H. B. Stowe (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)" title="" />
+<span class="caption">H. B. Stowe (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)</span>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/p277.jpg" width="500" height="297" alt="PLAYFORD HALL, SUFFOLK. The seat of Thomas Clarkson,
+Esq." title="" />
+<h4>PLAYFORD HALL, SUFFOLK. The seat of Thomas Clarkson,Esq.</h4>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="A_Day_spent_at_Playford_Hall" id="A_Day_spent_at_Playford_Hall"></a>A Day spent at Playford Hall.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It was a pleasant morning in May,&mdash;I believe that is the orthodox way
+of beginning a story,&mdash;when C. and I took the cars to go into the
+country to Playford Hall. "And what's Playford Hall?" you say. "And
+why did you go to see it?" As to what it is, here is a reasonably good
+picture before you. As to why, it was for many years the residence of
+Thomas Clarkson, and is now the residence of his venerable widow and
+her family.</p>
+
+<p>Playford Hall is considered, I think, the oldest of the fortified
+houses in England, and is, I am told, the only one that has water in
+the moat. The water which is seen girdling the wall in the picture, is
+the moat; it surrounds the place entirely, leaving no access except
+across the bridge, which is here represented.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After crossing this bridge, you come into a green court-yard, filled
+with choice plants and flowering shrubs, and carpeted with that thick,
+soft, velvet-like grass, which is to be found nowhere else in so
+perfect a state as in England.</p>
+
+<p>The water is fed by a perpetual spring, whose current is so sluggish
+as scarcely to be perceptible, but which yet has the vitality of a
+running stream.</p>
+
+<p>It has a dark and glassy stillness of surface, only broken by the
+forms of the water plants, whose leaves float thickly over it.</p>
+
+<p>The walls of the moat are green with ancient moss, and from the
+crevices springs an abundant flowering vine, whose delicate leaves and
+bright yellow flowers in some places entirely mantled the stones with
+their graceful drapery.</p>
+
+<p>The picture I have given you represents only one side of the moat. The
+other side is grown up with dark and thick shrubbery and ancient
+trees, rising and embowering the whole place, adding to the retired
+and singular effect of the whole. The place is a specimen of a sort of
+thing which does not exist in America. It is one of those significant
+landmarks<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span> which unite the present with the past, for which we must
+return to the country of our origin.</p>
+
+<p>Playford Hall is a thing peculiarly English, and Thomas Clarkson, for
+whose sake I visited it, was as peculiarly an Englishman,&mdash;a specimen
+of the very best kind of English mind and character, as this is of
+characteristic English architecture.</p>
+
+<p>We Anglo-Saxons have won a hard name in the world. There are
+undoubtedly bad things which are true about us.</p>
+
+<p>Taking our developments as a race, both in England and America, we may
+be justly called the Romans of the nineteenth century. We have been
+the race which has conquered, subdued, and broken in pieces, other
+weaker races, with little regard either to justice or mercy. With
+regard to benefits by us imparted to conquered nations, I think a
+better story, on the whole, can be made out for the Romans than for
+us. Witness the treatment of the Chinese, of the tribes of India, and
+of our own American Indians.</p>
+
+<p>But still there is an Anglo-Saxon blood, a vigorous sense of justice,
+as appears in our Habeas Corpus, our jury trials, and other features
+of State organization, and, when this is tempered in individuals, with
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[Pg 280]</a></span> elements of gentleness and compassion, and enforced by that
+energy and indomitable perseverance which are characteristic of the
+Anglo-Saxon mind, they form a style of philanthropists peculiarly
+efficient. In short, the Anglo-Saxon is efficient, in whatever he sets
+himself about, whether in crushing the weak, or lifting them up.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Clarkson was born in a day when good, pious people, imported
+cargoes of slaves from Africa, as one of the regular Christianized
+modes of gaining a subsistence, and providing for them and their
+households. It was a thing that everybody was doing, and everybody
+thought they had a right to do. It was supposed that all the coffee,
+tea, and sugar in the world were dependent on stealing men, women, and
+children, and could be got no other way; and as to consume coffee,
+sugar, rice, and rum, were evidently the chief ends of human
+existence, it followed that men, women, and children, must be stolen
+to the end of time.</p>
+
+<p>Some good people, when they now and then heard an appalling story of
+the cruelties practiced in the slave ship, declared that it was really
+too bad, sympathetically remarked, "What a sorrowful world we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</a></span> live
+in," stirred their sugar into their tea, and went on as before,
+because, what was there to do&mdash;hadn't everybody always done it, and if
+they didn't do it, wouldn't somebody else?</p>
+
+<p>It is true that for many years individuals, at different times,
+remonstrated, had written treatises, poems, stories, and movements had
+been made by some religious ladies, particularly the Quakers, but the
+opposition had amounted to nothing practically efficient.</p>
+
+<p>The attention of Clarkson was first turned to the subject by having it
+given out as the theme for a prize composition in his college class,
+he being at that time a sprightly young man, about twenty-four years
+of age. He entered into the investigation with no other purpose than
+to see what he could make of it as a college theme.</p>
+
+<p>He says of himself: "I had expected pleasure from the invention of
+arguments, from the arrangement of them, from the putting of them
+together, and from the thought, in the interim, that I was engaged in
+an innocent contest for literary honor, but all my pleasures were
+damped by the facts, which were now continually before me.</p>
+
+<p>"It was but one gloomy subject from morning till<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</a></span> night; in the day
+time I was uneasy, in the night I had little rest, I sometimes never
+closed my eyelids for grief."</p>
+
+<p>It became not now so much a trial for academical reputation as to
+write a work which should be useful to Africa. It is not surprising
+that a work, written under the force of such feelings, should have
+gained the prize, as it did. Clarkson was summoned from London to
+Cambridge, to deliver his prize essay publicly. He says of himself, on
+returning back to London: "The subject of it almost wholly engrossed
+my thoughts. I became at times very seriously affected while on the
+road. I stopped my horse occasionally, dismounted, and walked.</p>
+
+<p>"I frequently tried to persuade myself that the contents of my essay
+could not be true, but the more I reflected on the authorities on
+which they were founded, the more I gave them credit. Coming in sight
+of Wade's Mill, in Hertfordshire, I sat down disconsolate on the turf
+by the roadside, and held my horse. Here a thought came into my mind,
+that if the contents of the essay were true, it was time that somebody
+should see these calamities to an end."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>These reflections, as it appears, were put off for awhile, but
+returned again.</p>
+
+<p>This young and noble heart was of a kind that could not comfort itself
+so easily for a brother's sorrow as many do.</p>
+
+<p>He says of himself: "In the course of the autumn of the same year, I
+walked frequently into the woods that I might think of the subject in
+solitude, and find relief to my mind there; but there the question
+still recurred, 'are these things true?' Still the answer followed as
+instantaneously, 'they are;' still the result accompanied it,&mdash;surely
+some person should interfere. I began to envy those who had seats in
+Parliament, riches, and widely-extended connections, which would
+enable them to take up this cause.</p>
+
+<p>"Finding scarcely any one, at the time, who thought of it, I was
+turned frequently to myself, but here many difficulties arose. It
+struck me, among others, that a young man only twenty-four years of
+age could not have that solid judgment, or that knowledge of men,
+manners, and things, which were requisite to qualify him to undertake
+a task of such magnitude and importance; and with whom was I to unite?
+I believed, also, that it looked so much like one of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[Pg 284]</a></span> feigned
+labors of Hercules, that my understanding would be suspected, if I
+proposed it."</p>
+
+<p>He however resolved to do something for the cause by translating his
+essay from Latin into English, enlarging and presenting it to the
+public. Immediately on the publication of this essay, he discovered to
+his astonishment and delight, that he was not the only one who had
+been interested in this subject.</p>
+
+<p>Being invited to the house of William Dillwyn, one of these friends to
+the cause, he says: "How surprised was I to learn, in the course of
+our conversation, of the labors of Granville Sharp, of the writings of
+Ramsey, and of the controversy in which the latter was engaged, of all
+which I had hitherto known nothing. How surprised was I to learn that
+William Dillwyn had, himself, two years before, associated himself
+with five others for the purpose of enlightening the public mind on
+this great subject.</p>
+
+<p>"How astonished was I to find, that a society had been formed in
+America for the same object. These thoughts almost overpowered me. My
+mind was overwhelmed by the thought, that I had been providentially
+directed to this house; the finger of Providence<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[Pg 285]</a></span> was beginning to be
+discernible, and that the day-star of African liberty was rising."</p>
+
+<p>After this he associated with many friends of the cause, and at last
+it became evident that in order to effect anything, he must sacrifice
+all other prospects in life, and devote himself exclusively to this
+work.</p>
+
+<p>He says, after mentioning reasons which prevented all his associates
+from doing this: "I could look, therefore, to no person but myself;
+and the question was, whether I was prepared to make the sacrifice. In
+favor of the undertaking, I urged to myself that never was any cause,
+which had been taken up by man, in any country or in any age, so great
+and important; that never was there one in which so much misery was
+heard to cry for redress; that never was there one in which so much
+good could be done; never one in which the duty of Christian charity
+could be so extensively exercised; never one more worthy of the
+devotion of a whole life towards it; and that, if a man thought
+properly, he ought to rejoice to have been called into existence, if
+he were only permitted to become an instrument in forwarding it in any
+part of its progress.</p>
+
+<p>"Against these sentiments, on the other hand, I had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[Pg 286]</a></span> to urge that I
+had been designed for the church; that I had already advanced as far
+as deacon's orders in it; that my prospects there on account of my
+connections were then brilliant; that, by appearing to desert my
+profession, my family would be dissatisfied, if not unhappy. These
+thoughts pressed upon me, and rendered the conflict difficult.</p>
+
+<p>"But the sacrifice of my prospects staggered me, I own, the most. When
+the other objections which I have related, occurred to me, my
+enthusiasm instantly, like a flash of lightning, consumed them; but
+this stuck to me, and troubled me. I had ambition. I had a thirst
+after worldly interest and honors, and I could not extinguish it at
+once. I was more than two hours in solitude under this painful
+conflict. At length I yielded, not because I saw any reasonable
+prospect of success in my new undertaking, for all cool-headed and
+cool-hearted men would have pronounced against it; but in obedience, I
+believe, to a higher Power. And I can say, that both on the moment of
+this resolution, and for some time afterwards, I had more sublime and
+happy feelings than at any former period of my life."</p>
+
+<p>In order to show how this enterprise was looked<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[Pg 287]</a></span> upon and talked of
+very commonly by the majority of men in these times, we will extract
+the following passage from Boswell's Life of Johnson, in which Bozzy
+thus enters his solemn protest: "The wild and dangerous attempt, which
+has for some time been persisted in, to obtain an act of our
+Legislature, to abolish so very important and necessary a branch of
+commercial interest, must have been crushed at once, had not the
+insignificance of the zealots, who vainly took the lead in it, made
+the vast body of planters, merchants and others, whose immense
+properties are involved in that trade, reasonably enough suppose, that
+there could be no danger. The encouragement which the attempt has
+received, excites my wonder and indignation; and though some men of
+superior abilities have supported it, whether from a love of temporary
+popularity, when prosperous; or a love of general mischief, when
+desperate, my opinion is unshaken.</p>
+
+<p>"To abolish a statute which in all ages God has sanctioned, and man
+has continued, would not only be robbery to an innumerable class of
+our fellow-subjects, but it would be extreme cruelty to the African
+savages, a portion of whom it saves from massacre, or intolerable
+bondage in their own country, and introduces into<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[Pg 288]</a></span> a much happier
+state of life; especially now, when their passage to the West Indies,
+and their treatment there, is humanely regulated. To abolish this
+trade, would be to</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">'&mdash;&mdash; shut the gates of mercy on mankind.'"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>One of the first steps of Clarkson and his associates, was the
+formation of a committee of twelve persons, for the collection and
+dissemination of evidence on the subject.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The contest now began in earnest, a contest as sublime as any the
+world ever saw.</p>
+
+<p>The Abolition controversy more fully aroused the virtue, the talent,
+and the religion of the great English nation, than any other event or
+crisis which ever occurred.</p>
+
+<p>Wilberforce was the leader of the question in Parliament. The other
+members of the Anti-slavery Committee performed those labors which
+were necessary out of it.</p>
+
+<p>This labor consisted principally in the collection of evidence with
+regard to the traffic, and the presentation of it before the public
+mind. In this labor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[Pg 289]</a></span> Clarkson was particularly engaged. The subject
+was hemmed in with the same difficulties that now beset the
+Anti-slavery cause in America. Those who knew most about it, were
+precisely those whose interest it was to prevent inquiry. An immense
+moneyed interest was arrayed against investigation, and was determined
+to suppress the agitation of the subject. Owing to this powerful
+pressure, many who were in possession of facts which would bear upon
+this subject, refused to communicate them; and often after a long and
+wearisome journey in search of an individual who could throw light
+upon the subject, Clarkson had the mortification to find his lips
+sealed by interest or timidity. As usual, the cause of oppression was
+defended by the most impudent lying; the slave-trade was asserted to
+be the latest revised edition of philanthropy. It was said that the
+poor African, the slave of miserable oppression in his own country,
+was wafted by it to an asylum in a Christian land; that the middle
+passage was to the poor negro a perfect elysium, infinitely happier
+than anything he had ever known in his own country. All this was said
+while manacles, and hand-cuffs, and thumb-screws, and instruments to
+force open the mouth, were a regular part<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[Pg 290]</a></span> of the stock for a slave
+ship, and were hanging in the shop windows of Liverpool for sale.</p>
+
+<p>For Clarkson's attention was first called to these things by observing
+them in the shop window, and on inquiring the use of one of them, the
+man informed him that many times negroes were sulky and tried to
+starve themselves to death, and this instrument was used to force open
+their jaws.</p>
+
+<p>Of Clarkson's labor in this investigation some idea may be gathered
+from his own words, when stating that for a season he was compelled to
+retire from the cause, he thus speaks. "As far as I myself was
+concerned, all exertion was then over. The nervous system was almost
+shattered to pieces. Both my memory and my hearing failed me. Sudden
+dizzinesses seized my head. A confused singing in the ear followed me
+wherever I went. On going to bed the very stairs seemed to dance up
+and down under me, so that, misplacing my foot, I sometimes fell.
+Talking, too, if it continued but half an hour, exhausted me so that
+profuse perspirations followed, and the same effect was produced even
+by an active exertion of the mind for the like time.</p>
+
+<p>These disorders had been brought on by degrees, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[Pg 291]</a></span> consequence of the
+severe labors necessarily attached to the promotion of the cause. For
+seven years I had a correspondence to maintain with four hundred
+persons, with my own hand; I had some book or other annually to write
+in behalf of the cause. In this time I had traveled more than
+thirty-five thousand miles in search of evidence, and a great part of
+these journeys in the night. All this time my mind had been on the
+stretch. It had been bent too to this one subject, for I had not even
+leisure to attend to my own concerns. The various instances of
+barbarity which had come successively to my knowledge within this
+period, had vexed, harrassed, and afflicted it. The wound which these
+had produced was rendered still deeper by those cruel disappointments
+before related, which arose from the reiterated refusals of persons to
+give their testimony, after I had traveled hundreds of miles in quest
+of them. But the severest stroke was that inflicted by the
+persecution, begun and pursued by persons interested in the
+continuance of the trade, of such witnesses as had been examined
+against them; and whom, on account of their dependent situation in
+life, it was most easy to oppress. As I had been the means of bringing
+these forward on these occasions, they naturally<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[Pg 292]</a></span> came to me, when
+thus persecuted, as the author of their miseries and their ruin. From
+their supplications and wants it would have been ungenerous and
+ungrateful to have fled. These different circumstances, by acting
+together, had at length brought me into the situation just mentioned;
+and I was therefore obliged, though very reluctantly, to be borne out
+of the field, where I had placed the great honor and glory of my
+life."</p>
+
+<p>I may as well add here that a Mr. Whitbread, to whom Clarkson
+mentioned this latter cause of distress, generously offered to repair
+the pecuniary losses of all who had suffered in this cause. One
+anecdote will be a specimen of the energy with which Clarkson pursued
+evidence. It had been very strenuously asserted and maintained that
+the subjects of the slave trade were only such unfortunates as had
+become prisoners of war, and who, if not carried out of the country in
+this manner, would be exposed to death or some more dreadful doom in
+their own country. This was one of those stories which nobody
+believed, and yet was particularly useful in the hands of the
+opposition, because it was difficult legally to disprove it. It was
+perfectly well known that in very many cases slavetraders<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</a></span> made direct
+incursions into the country, kidnapped, and carried off the
+inhabitants of whole villages, but the question was, how to establish
+it? A gentleman whom Clarkson accidentally met on one of his journeys,
+informed him that he had been in company, about a year before, with a
+sailor, a very respectable looking young man, who had actually been
+engaged in one of these expeditions; he had spent half an hour with
+him at an inn; he described his person, but knew nothing of his name
+or the place of his abode, all he knew was that he belonged to a ship
+of war in ordinary, but knew nothing of the port. Clarkson determined
+that this man should be produced as a witness, and knew no better way
+than to go personally to all the ships in ordinary, until the
+individual was found. He actually visited every sea-port town, and
+boarded every ship, till in the very <i>last</i> port and on the very
+<i>last</i> ship which remained, the individual was found, and found to be
+possessed of just the facts and information which were necessary. By
+the labors of Clarkson and his contemporaries an incredible excitement
+was produced throughout all England. The pictures and models of slave
+ships, accounts of the cruelties practised in the trade, were
+circulated with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[Pg 294]</a></span> an industry which left not a man, woman, or child in
+England uninstructed. In disseminating information, and in awakening
+feeling and conscience, the women of England were particularly
+earnest, and labored with that whole-hearted devotion which
+characterizes the sex.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that after the committee had published the facts, and sent
+them to every town in England, Clarkson followed them up by journeying
+to all the places, to see that they were read and attended to. Of the
+state of feeling at this time, Clarkson gives the following account:</p>
+
+<p>"And first I may observe, that there was no town through which I
+passed, in which there was not some one individual who had left off
+the use of sugar. In the smaller towns there were from ten to fifty,
+by estimation, and in the larger, from two to five hundred, who made
+this sacrifice to virtue. These were of all ranks and parties. Rich
+and poor, churchmen and dissenters had adopted the measure. Even
+grocers had left off trading in the article in some places. In
+gentlemen's families, where the master had set the example, the
+servants had often voluntarily followed it; and even children, who
+were capable of understanding<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[Pg 295]</a></span> the history of the sufferings of the
+Africans, excluded with the most virtuous resolution the sweets, to
+which they had been accustomed, from their lips. By the best
+computation I was able to make, from notes taken down in my journey,
+no fewer than three hundred thousand persons had abandoned the use of
+sugar." It was the reality, depth, and earnestness of the public
+feeling, thus aroused, which pressed with resistless force upon the
+government; for the government of England yields to popular demands,
+quite as readily as that of America.</p>
+
+<p>After years of protracted struggle, the victory was at last won. The
+slave-trade was finally abolished through all the British empire; and
+not only so, but the English nation committed, with the whole force of
+its national influence, to seek the abolition of the slave-trade in
+all the nations of the earth. But the wave of feeling did not rest
+there; the investigations had brought before the English conscience
+the horrors and abominations of slavery itself, and the agitation
+never ceased till slavery was finally abolished through all the
+British provinces. At this time the religious mind and conscience of
+England gained, through this very struggle, a power which it never has
+lost. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[Pg 296]</a></span> principle adopted by them was the same so sublimely adopted
+by the church in America, in reference to the Foreign Missionary
+cause: "The field is the world." They saw and felt that as the example
+and practice of England had been powerful in giving sanction to this
+evil, and particularly in introducing it into America, that there was
+the greatest reason why she should never intermit her efforts till the
+wrong was righted throughout the earth.</p>
+
+<p>Clarkson to his last day never ceased to be interested in the subject,
+and took the warmest interest in all movements for the abolition of
+slavery in America.</p>
+
+<p>One of his friends, during my visit at this place, read me a
+manuscript letter from him, written at a very advanced age, in which
+he speaks with the utmost ardor and enthusiasm of the first
+anti-slavery movements of Cassius Clay in Kentucky. The same friend
+described him to me as a cheerful, companionable being,&mdash;frank and
+simple-hearted, and with a good deal of quiet humor.</p>
+
+<p>It is remarkable of him that with such intense feeling for human
+suffering as he had, and worn down and exhausted as he was, by the
+dreadful miseries and sorrows with which he was constantly obliged to
+be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[Pg 297]</a></span> familiar, he never yielded to a spirit of bitterness or
+denunciation.</p>
+
+<p>The narrative which he gives is as calm and unimpassioned, and as free
+from any trait of this kind, as the narrative of the evangelist.</p>
+
+<p>I have given this sketch of what Clarkson did, that you may better
+appreciate the feelings with which I visited the place.</p>
+
+<p>The old stone house, the moat, the draw-bridge, all spoke of days of
+violence long gone by, when no man was safe except within fortified
+walls, and every man's house literally had to be his castle.</p>
+
+<p>To me it was interesting as the dwelling of a conqueror, as one who
+had not wrestled with flesh and blood merely, but with principalities
+and powers, and the rulers of the darkness of this world, and who had
+overcome, as his great Master did before him, by faith, and prayer,
+and labor.</p>
+
+<p>We were received with much cordiality by the widow of Clarkson, now in
+her eighty-fourth year. She has been a woman of great energy and
+vigor, and an efficient co-laborer in his plans of benevolence.</p>
+
+<p>She is now quite feeble. I was placed under the care of a respectable
+female servant, who forthwith<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span> installed me in a large chamber
+overlooking the court-yard, which had been Clarkson's own room; the
+room where for years, many of his most important labors had been
+conducted, and from whence his soul had ascended to the reward of the
+just.</p>
+
+<p>The servant who attended me seemed to be quite a superior woman; like
+many of the servants in respectable English families. She had grown up
+in the family, and was identified with it; its ruling aims and
+purposes had become hers. She had been the personal attendant of
+Clarkson, and his nurse during his last sickness; she had evidently
+understood, and been interested in his plans, and the veneration with
+which she therefore spoke of him, had the sanction of intelligent
+appreciation.</p>
+
+<p>A daughter of Clarkson, who was married to a neighboring clergyman,
+with her husband, was also present on this day.</p>
+
+<p>After dinner we rode out to see the old church, in hose enclosure the
+remains of Clarkson repose. It was just such a still, quiet, mossy old
+church, as you have read of in story-books, with the grave-yard spread
+all around it, like a thoughtful mother, who watches the resting of
+her children.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The grass in the yard was long and green, and the daisy, which in
+other places lies like a little button on the ground, here had a
+richer fringe of crimson, and a stalk about six inches high. It is, I
+well know, the vital influence from the slumbering dust beneath, which
+gives the richness to this grass and these flowers; but let not that
+be a painful thought; let it rather cheer us, that beauty should
+spring from ashes, and life smile brighter from the near presence of
+death. The grave of Clarkson was near the church, enclosed by a
+railing and marked by a simple white marble slab; it was carefully
+tended and planted with flowers. In the church was an old book of
+records, and among other curious inscriptions, was one recording how a
+pious committee of old Noll's army had been there, knocking off
+saints' noses, and otherwise purging the church from the relics of
+idolatry.</p>
+
+<p>Near by the church was the parsonage, the home of my friends, a neat,
+pleasant, sequestered dwelling, of about the style of a New England
+country parsonage.</p>
+
+<p>The effect of the whole together was inexpressibly beautiful to me.
+For a wonder, it was a pleasant day, and this is a thing always to be
+thankfully acknowledged<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</a></span> in England. The calm stillness of the
+afternoon, the seclusion of the whole place, the silence only broken
+by the cawing of the rooks, the ancient church, the mossy graves with
+their flowers and green grass, the sunshine and the tree shadows, all
+seemed to mingle together in a kind of hazy dream of peacefulness and
+rest. How natural it is to say of some place sheltered, simple, cool,
+and retired, here one might find peace, as if peace came from without,
+and not from within. In the shadiest and stillest places may be the
+most turbulent hearts, and there are hearts which, through the busiest
+scenes, carry with them unchanging peace. As we were walking back, we
+passed many cottages of the poor.</p>
+
+<p>I noticed, with particular pleasure, the invariable flower garden
+attached to each. Some pansies in one of them attracted my attention
+by their peculiar beauty, so very large and richly colored. On being
+introduced to the owner of them, she, with cheerful alacrity, offered
+me some of the finest. I do not doubt of there being suffering and
+misery in the agricultural population of England, but still there are
+multitudes of cottages, which are really very pleasant objects, as
+were all these. The cottagers had that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</a></span> bright, rosy look of health
+which we seldom see in America, and appeared to be both polite and
+self-respecting.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening we had quite a gathering of friends from the
+neighborhood&mdash;intelligent, sensible, earnest, people&mdash;who had grown up
+in the love of the anti-slavery cause as into religion. The subject of
+conversation was: "The duty of English people to free themselves from
+any participation in American slavery, by taking means to encourage
+the production of free cotton in the British provinces."</p>
+
+<p>It is no more impossible or improbable that something effective may be
+done in this way, than that the slave-trade should have been
+abolished. Every great movement seems an impossibility at first. There
+is no end to the number of things declared and proved impossible,
+which have been done already, so that this may do something yet.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Clarkson had retired from the room early; after a while she sent
+for me to her sitting-room. The faithful attendant of whom I spoke was
+with her. She wished to show me some relics of her husband, his watch
+and seals, some of his papers and manuscripts; among these was the
+identical prize essay<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[Pg 302]</a></span> with which he began his career, and a
+commentary on the Gospels, which he had written with great care, for
+the use of his grandson. His seal attracted my attention&mdash;it was that
+kneeling figure, of the negro, with clasped hands, which was at first
+adopted as the badge of the cause, when every means was being made use
+of to arouse the public mind and keep the subject before the
+attention. Mr. Wedgewood, the celebrated porcelain manufacturer,
+designed a cameo, with this representation, which was much worn as an
+ornament by ladies. It was engraved on the seal of the Anti-Slavery
+Society, and was used by its members in sealing all their letters.
+This of Clarkson's was handsomely engraved on a large, old-fashioned
+cornelian, and surely if we look with emotion on the sword of a
+departed hero, which, at best, we can consider only as a necessary
+evil, we may look with unmingled pleasure on this memorial of a
+bloodless victory.</p>
+
+<p>When I retired to my room for the night I could not but feel that the
+place was hallowed&mdash;unceasing prayer had there been offered for the
+enslaved and wronged race of Africa by that noble and brotherly heart.
+I could not but feel that that those prayers had had a wider reach
+than the mere extinction of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[Pg 303]</a></span> slavery in one land or country, and that
+their benign influence would not cease till not a slave was left upon
+the face of the earth.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 223px;">
+<img src="images/p303.png" width="223" height="59" alt="(signature) H. B. Stowe" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) H. B. Stowe</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[Pg 304]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Teaching_the_Slave_to_Read" id="Teaching_the_Slave_to_Read"></a>Teaching the Slave to Read.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Much has been discussed and written, both at the North and South,
+concerning the policy and propriety of permitting those in bondage to
+gain the rudiments of a common education.</p>
+
+<p>Many who <i>conscientiously</i> (for having lived among them, I do believe
+that there <i>are</i> "conscientious" slave-owners) hold their laborers in
+servitude, believe that the experiment might be successfully tried.
+Indeed, it is often tried on plantations, even in States where the law
+enforces strict penalties against it. They believe that the slaves, if
+permitted to learn to read, would be more moral, faithful and
+obedient; and they cannot reconcile it with their sense of duty to
+keep from them the perusal of the Bible.</p>
+
+<p>The majority, however, think differently; and the majority will always
+make the laws. <i>They</i> believe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[Pg 305]</a></span> that there is a talismanic power in
+even the alphabet of knowledge, to arouse in the bondsman powers which
+they would crush for ever. They believe that one truth leads on to
+another, and that the mind, once aroused to inquiry, will never rest
+until it has found out its native independence of man's dominion. They
+point triumphantly, in proof of the policy of their system, to the
+"spoiled slave," as they term many of those in whose training the
+opposite course has been pursued. More trouble, vexation, and
+insubordination, they confidently allege, has been caused by
+permitting slaves to learn to read, than by any other indulgence.</p>
+
+<p>It may be so; it is certain that, in many instances, masters have
+failed to win the gratitude to which they thought themselves justly
+entitled, for their kindness and care. They have found their servants
+growing discontented and idle, where they hoped to make them docile
+and happy. Searching for the cause of this, they perhaps turn upon the
+course of training they have followed, and accuse it of being opposed
+to the best interests of the slave. Could such reasoners but look upon
+the matter in its true perspective, they would cease to wonder that
+"good" should, in their view, "work out evil." <i>Learning</i> and
+<i>Slavery</i> can<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[Pg 306]</a></span> never compromise; they are as the antagonistic poles of
+the magnet.</p>
+
+<p>In the first place, Slavery blunts the mind, and renders it, in its
+early years, unsusceptible to those impressions which are generally so
+lasting, when made upon youthful minds. Many who have tried to educate
+colored children, have been led to accuse <i>the race</i> of natural
+inferiority in its capacity to gain knowledge. We have no right to
+draw <i>that</i> inference from the few attempts which have been made on a
+part of the race whose mental faculties have, through many
+generations, been crippled by disuse.</p>
+
+<p>I had once under my charge, for a short time, a negro girl, born in
+Africa&mdash;"Margru" of the "Armistad," with whose history most are
+familiar. On <i>her</i> ancestory hung no clog of depression, except that
+of native wildness. There was no lack of aptitude to learn in her
+case. She astonished all by the ease with which she acquired
+knowledge, particularly in mathematical science. That a native heathen
+should be a better recipient of knowledge than one brought up in the
+midst of American civilization, speaks well for "the race," but ill
+for "the system," which has trained the latter.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Not only is this native dulness to be overcome, but <i>time</i> for study
+is to be found&mdash;time enough for the faculties to unbend from the
+pressure of labor, and fix themselves upon the mental task. This is
+what few employers consider themselves able to afford. Once a week, in
+their opinion, is quite often enough for the slave to repeat his
+lesson; and through the week he may forget it. No wonder that both the
+indulgent master and the teacher&mdash;yes, and the learner, too, often
+become discouraged, and give up the task before the Word of God is
+unlocked to "the poor," for whom it was expressly written!</p>
+
+<p>I speak as one who has <i>felt</i> these obstacles, having, with the
+approval of one of the class to whom I have alluded, taken charge of a
+Sunday school among his servants. More attentive and grateful pupils I
+never had, but it has pained my heart to feel the difficulty of
+leading them even to the <i>threshold</i> of knowledge; and there leaveing
+them!</p>
+
+<p>In an adjoining household, however, it was still worse. George, a
+light-colored "boy" of twenty-five, the "factotum" of his mistress,
+was the husband of our cook, Letty. I had succeeded in taking Letty<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</a></span>
+through several chapters in the New Testament, and this had aroused
+the ambition of George.</p>
+
+<p>"What do you think?" exclaimed one of the family to me, one morning;
+"Mrs. &mdash;&mdash; has been <i>whipping</i> George!"</p>
+
+<p>"Why! for what could that have been? I thought he was a favorite
+servant!"</p>
+
+<p>"For taking lessons of Letty in the spelling-book!"</p>
+
+<p>It was even so. The poor fellow wanted to learn to stammer in his
+Testament, and Letty, like any true-hearted wife, had given him the
+little assistance she could render. The whipping failed of its
+intended effect, however. Going one evening, at a late hour, into
+Letty's cabin, I found George seated by her on the floor, in the
+corner of their mud fire-place, poring intently over the forbidden
+spelling-book! He started up confused, but seeing who it was, he was
+reassured, and went on with his lesson! Whether George, Letty, or any
+of those who have gained the rudiments of science, will be <i>more
+happy</i> in their servitude, is to me exceedingly doubtful. Thus far the
+severer classes of masters have the right; a slave, to be perfectly
+contented <i>as</i> a slave, must be in total ignorance. But better, far
+better, greater suffering, if it bring enlargement<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</a></span> of man's higher
+being, than that system that would <i>smother</i> the soul in its bodily
+case. Let the slave have the key to the gate of Life Eternal, even if
+his pathway through this life must be more thickly sown with thorns.
+Let the opposing principles wage, until the right of <i>one</i> is
+asserted. And, oh! above all pray for the day when these fetters shall
+be stricken from the souls God has created, wherewith to people, we
+firmly trust, no mean "tabernacle" of His New Jerusalem!</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 224px;">
+<img src="images/p309.png" width="224" height="74" alt="(signature) Mary Irving" title="" />
+<span class="caption">(signature) Mary Irving</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="clear"><span class="smcap">Thibodaux</span>, Nov. 25, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr  class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="FUN-JOTTINGS" id="FUN-JOTTINGS"></a><b>FUN-JOTTINGS;</b></h2>
+
+<h4>OR,</h4>
+
+<h3>LAUGHS I HAVE TAKEN A PEN TO!</h3>
+
+<h4>BY N. P. WILLIS</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><b>The Most Popular Author Before the Public!</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">One Volume 12mo. Muslin&mdash;Price</span> $1.25.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p class="center"><b>FOURTH THOUSAND IN SIXTY DAYS!</b></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Publishers">
+<tr>
+<td align="center" >ALDEN, BEARDSLEY &amp; Co., Auburn, N. Y.,
+              <br />WANZER, BEARDSLEY &amp; Co., Rochester, N. Y.,</td>
+<td valign="bottom" class="tdright" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 200%">
+     }</td>
+<td>Publishers.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p class="center"><b>Extracts from Notices of the Press.</b></p>
+
+<p>"From the title of the volume one would suppose that it was made up
+exclusively of funny anecdotes and amusing stories. Such, however, is
+not the fact. Many incidents narrated in the book, will be read with
+other feelings than those inspired by the perusal of laughable
+anecdotes. But they, as well as the <i>real</i> 'Fun-Jottings,' will be
+perused with interest. The work is written in Willis' peculiar and
+happy style. It will unquestionably meet with a wide sale. It is
+printed in the best style of the art, and handsomely bound."&mdash;<i>Auburn
+Daily Adv.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Some twenty choice love stories, all ending in fun, and redolent with
+mirth, are related with humor and sentiment, which are decidedly
+captivating."&mdash;<i>Syracuse Journal.</i></p>
+
+<p>"These Fun Jottings' embrace the best of Willis' livelier efforts. * *
+* The most clever, graphic, and entertaining sketches ever produced in
+this country."&mdash;<i>Boston Post.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"It is a good book, and will be read by thousands."&mdash;<i>Chicago
+Journal</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"Some of Mr. Willis' happiest hits and most graceful specimens of
+compositions are here included."&mdash;<i>N. Y. Evangelist.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Fresh, lively, gay, and gossipping, these 'Fun Jottings' deservedly
+merit the enduring garb in which they appear."&mdash;<i>Home Gazette</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"One of Willis' pleasant books, in which the reader is always sure to
+find entertainment."&mdash;<i>Philadelphia Mirror</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"The contents are better than the title."&mdash;<i>N. Y. Tribune</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"A volume of light sketches, written in Mr. Willis' most amusing
+style, and will be read by everybody."&mdash;<i>Detroit Advertiser</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"It contains the best specimen of the prose writings of Mr.
+Willis."&mdash;<i>Montgomery Gazette</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"The book is entertaining and spicy&mdash;just the kind of reading to keep
+one 'wide awake' during the long nights that are now
+approaching."&mdash;<i>Phil. News</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"For laughter without folly, for a specific in innocent mirthfulness
+against <i>ennui</i> and <i>hypo</i>&mdash;as a cordial to the animal spirits when
+drooping with care or flagging with excess of labor&mdash;this volume of
+'Fun-Jottings' bears the palm."&mdash;<i>N. Y. Independent</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"It is funny and fascinating&mdash;a collection of Willis' dashing
+sketches&mdash;half comic, half pathetic."&mdash;<i>Cincinnati Herald</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Willis' reputation as a story writer, has long been well
+established, and lovers of this kind of reading will find a rich
+entertainment in this volume."&mdash;<i>Hartford Times</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1a" id="Page_1a">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="THE_FARM_AND_THE_FIRESIDE" id="THE_FARM_AND_THE_FIRESIDE"></a>THE FARM AND THE FIRESIDE;</h2>
+
+<h5>OR,</h5>
+
+<h3>THE ROMANCE OF AGRICULTURE,</h3>
+
+<h5>BEING</h5>
+
+<h4>HALF HOURS OF LIFE IN THE COUNTRY, FOR RAINY<br />
+DAYS AND WINTER EVENINGS.</h4>
+
+
+<h3>BY REV. JOHN L. BLAKE, D. D.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">AUTHOR OF FARMER'S EVERY-DAY BOOK; THE FARMER AT HOME; AND A<br />
+GENERAL BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>COMMENDATIONS OF THE PERIODICAL PRESS.</b></p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the Ohio Farmer.</b></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dr. Blake</span> is justly regarded as one of the best agricultural writers
+in the country, and the work before us is one of the most interesting
+productions of his pen. Its peculiar merit, as a work for the
+fireside, consists in the variety of its topics, its plain and simple,
+yet attractive style, its fine engravings, and the interesting romance
+which the author has thrown around Rural and Agricultural Life. In
+this respect, "The Farm and the Fireside" is a work well adapted to
+the youthful mind. We hope it may be extensively read, as it cannot
+fail to improve the taste and promote inquiry in the most useful and
+practical of all departments of science.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the New-York Evangelist.</b></p>
+
+<p>The aim of the author has been to throw over labor, home and
+agricultural life, their true dignity and charm; to introduce the
+farmer to the delights and privileges of his lot; to embellish the
+cares of toil with those kindly sentiments so naturally associated
+with the country and its employments. It is a pleasant book&mdash;one that
+will enliven the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2a" id="Page_2a">[Pg 2]</a></span> fireside, elevate and purify the thoughts, and, at
+the same time, impart a great deal of valuable agricultural knowledge.
+We know not how the natural trains of thought of the farmer could be
+more aptly met or more safely and agreeably led, than they are by
+these brief and varied discussions. The range is as wide as life
+itself&mdash;morals, religion, business, recreation, education, home, wife
+and daughters&mdash;every relation and duty is touched upon, genially and
+instinctively.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the New-York Tribune.</b></p>
+
+<p>We have here another highly instructive and entertaining volume from
+an author, who had laid the community under large obligations by the
+enterprise and tact with which he has so frequently catered to the
+popular taste for descriptions of rural life. Its contents are of a
+very miscellaneous character, embracing sketches of natural history,
+accounts of successful farming operations, anecdotes of distinguished
+characters, singular personal reminiscences, pithy moral reflections,
+and numerous pictures of household life in the country. No family can
+add this volume to their collection of books without increasing their
+sources of pleasure and profit.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the Northern Christian Advocate.</b></p>
+
+<p>The venerable author of this work is entitled to the warmest thanks of
+the public for his numerous and valuable contributions to our
+literature. He is truly an American classic. We have been conversant
+with his writings for the last twenty years, and have always found
+them both useful and entertaining in a high degree. His writings on
+Agriculture contain much real science, with numerous illustrative
+incidents, anecdotes, and aphorisms, all in the most lively and
+pleasing manner. By this means the dry details of farming business are
+made to possess all the interest of romance. The style is clear, easy,
+and dignified; the matter instructive, philosophical, and persuasive.
+This work is an eloquent plea for the noble and independent pursuit of
+Agriculture.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the National Magazine.</b></p>
+
+<p>We return our thanks for the new volume of Dr. Blake, "The Farm and
+the Fireside, or the Romance of Agriculture, being Half Hours and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3a" id="Page_3a">[Pg 3]</a></span>
+Sketches of Life in the Country," a charming title, certainly, and one
+that smacks of the man as well as of the country. Eschewing the
+dryness of scientific forms and erudite details, the author presents
+detached, but most entertaining, and often very suggestive articles on
+a great variety of topics&mdash;from the "Wild Goose" to "Conscience in the
+Cow,"&mdash;from the "Value of Lawyers in a Community" to the "Objections
+to early Marriages." The book is, in fine, quite unique, and just such
+a one as the farmer would like to pore over at his fireside on long
+winter evenings.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the New-York Recorder.</b></p>
+
+<p>"The Farm and the Fireside," is a most interesting and valuable work,
+being a series of Sketches relating to Agriculture and the numerous
+kindred arts and sciences, interspersed with miscellaneous moral
+instruction, adapted to the life of the farmer.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the Germantown Telegraph.</b></p>
+
+<p>We have looked through this work and read some of the "Sketches," and
+feel a degree of satisfaction in saying that it possesses decided
+merit, and will commend itself, wherever known, as a volume of much
+social interest and entertainment. The sketches comprise "Country
+Life" generally&mdash;some of them are just sufficiently touched with
+romance to give them additional zest; while others are purely
+practical, and relate to the farmer's pursuit. We regard it as a
+valuable book, and are sorry our limits will not admit of bestowing
+upon it such a notice as it really deserves.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From Harper's New Monthly Magazine.</b></p>
+
+<p>This work is a collection of miscellaneous sketches on the Romance of
+Agriculture and Rural Life. Matters of fact, however, are not excluded
+from the volume, which is well adapted for reading in the snatches of
+leisure enjoyed at the farmer's fireside.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the True Democrat.</b></p>
+
+<p>Dr. Blake's publications are all of a high order, and are doing a most
+important work towards refining the taste, improving the intellect,
+and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4a" id="Page_4a">[Pg 4]</a></span> rendering attractive the various branches of Agricultural
+science. Indeed we know no author who has so successfully blended the
+romantic, the rural and beautiful with the poetical, the useful, and
+true, as has Dr. Blake. This is a peculiar feature of all his works.
+His style is plain, simple, and perspicuous; and, with unusual tact
+and judgment, he so manages to insinuate himself upon you, that you
+are at once amused, delighted, and instructed with the subject he is
+discussing. In this respect he relieves the study of agricultural
+science from the abstruseness of technical science, and thus renders
+himself easily comprehended by all classes of readers.</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>From the New-York Evening Post.</b></p>
+
+<p>The author's object is to improve the soil through the mind&mdash;not so
+much to place in the hands of farmers the best methods of raising
+large crops&mdash;for these he refers them to Leibig's Agricultural
+Chemistry, and to treatises of the like description&mdash;but to make them
+feel how useful, agreeable, and ennobling, is the profession of
+agriculture, and, above all, how profitable the business must become
+when skilfully and economically carried on. These money-making
+considerations are, we suspect, the best moral guano that can be
+applied to the farmer's spiritual soil. The author writes well of the
+countryman's independence, the good effect of fresh salubrious air
+upon his health, and the moral influence of his every-day intimacy
+with nature upon his mind.</p>
+
+<p>"The Farm and the Fireside" is a kind of Bucolical annual&mdash;to be read
+in seasons of leisure&mdash;intended for the Phyllises and Chloes, as well
+as for the Strephons and Lindors. Dr. Blake has enriched it with
+curious anecdotes of domestic animals, and of the best way of raising
+and selling them. He describes model-farms, and the large incomes made
+from them. He expatiates on the advantages of matrimony in rural life,
+expounds the true theory of choosing a helpmate, discusses the
+advantages of Sunday-Schools, and recommends neatness of attire and
+punctuality in bathing. In short, this volume is as diversified in its
+aspect as the small garden of a judicious cultivator, where, in a
+limited space, useful cabbages, potatoes, and all the solid esculent
+greens, grow side by side with choice fruits and pleasant flowers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1b" id="Page_1b">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="IMMENSE_SALE" id="IMMENSE_SALE"></a><b>IMMENSE SALE!</b></h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h2>LEWIE;</h2>
+
+<h4>OR,</h4>
+
+<h3 class="letterSpace">THE BENDED TWIG!</h3>
+
+<h3>BY COUSIN CICELY</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Author of "SILVER LAKE STORIES."</p>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<h3><b>EIGHTH THOUSAND NOW PRINTING!</b></h3>
+
+<hr class="tiny tight" />
+
+<p class="center"><b><span class="smcap">No Book</span> sells like it&mdash;None so well supplies the demand! Superbly
+Printed and Beautifully Bound.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Price from $1.00 to $1.75, according to style.</b></p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Publishers">
+<tr>
+<td align="center" >ALDEN, BEARDSLEY &amp; Co., Auburn, N. Y.,
+              <br />WANZER, BEARDSLEY &amp; Co., Rochester, N. Y.,</td>
+<td valign="bottom" class="tdright" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 200%">
+     }</td>
+<td>Publishers.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="center"><b>What the Press Say:</b></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Cousin Cicely</span> is very industrious&mdash;whether in penciling lights or
+shadows, in describing domestic scenery, or inculcating religious
+principles, the fair author possesses a happy facility, so as to
+render her productions alike agreeable and instructive.&mdash;<i>Protestant
+Churchman.</i></p>
+
+<p>This book is written in a style well calculated to please, and
+contains an inestimable moral&mdash;plain, concise, and void of
+superfluities, that a child may understand it&mdash;characters life-like
+and well sustained, and the whole plan of the work is good.&mdash;<i>Yates
+Co. Whig.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2b" id="Page_2b">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The contents of the work are of the first order and
+unexceptionable.&mdash;<i>Rochester Daily Union.</i></p>
+
+<p>The story is not only well written, but it has merits in the dramatic
+grouping of incidents, graphic delineation of character, and the
+affecting interest which attracts and supports the reader's attention
+through the whole work, from the opening scene to the
+finale.&mdash;<i>Rochester Daily Democrat.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a new work from the pen of the gifted author of the "Silver
+Lake Stories." It is got up in a style of mechanical elegance equal to
+the issues of Putnam and Appleton, and the quality of its contents
+will not be found behind that of three-fourths of the publications
+that emanate from the pens of more wide-known authors, and from
+publishing houses that employ none but the <i>best
+writers</i>.&mdash;<i>Canandaigua Messenger.</i></p>
+
+<p>It is a story designed to illustrate the deplorable effects of a
+neglect of proper parental discipline in infancy; in a well-written
+preface, the authoress, "Cousin Cicely," assures us it is
+substantially a narrative of facts. It traces the career of a spoiled
+and petted boy, whose mother was too weak and indolent to restrain him
+as she ought, through the several stages of a perverse childhood, a
+reckless boyhood, and a passionate, ungovernable youth, till this
+victim of a parent's folly is found in a felon's cell, with the mark
+of Cain on his brow.&mdash;<i>Auburn Daily Advertiser.</i></p>
+
+<p>The authoress, who, by the way, need not be afraid to sail under her
+own proper colors hereafter, claims that most of the incidents are
+taken from real life; a very creditable averment, as the work, with
+slight modifications in each individual case, would prove a faithful
+portraiture of the early training and subsequent career of nine-tenths
+of the victims of the gallows, and of the penitentiary.&mdash;<i>Mirror,
+Lyons, N. Y.</i></p>
+
+<p>The writer of this, and of many other pleasant volumes&mdash;"Cousin
+Cicely," as she chooses to be called&mdash;is gifted with rare talents,
+which she is wisely devoting to useful ends. Her charming "Silver Lake
+Stories," have effected much good, and this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3b" id="Page_3b">[Pg 3]</a></span> work is well calculated
+to do the same, both with children of the larger and of the smaller
+growth. * * * Difficulties of various natures arise, on the last and
+most important of which hangs the catastrophe of the story. But what
+that is, and how the book ends, is for the reader to find out, not for
+us to tell.&mdash;<i>Albany Eve Journal.</i></p>
+
+<p>* * * One of the domestic sort&mdash;speaking of home, dwelling upon home
+affections and family character, and the incidents of common life, yet
+as deeply interesting as the most romantic narrative. It has not been
+paraded before the public with ostentatious praise; but it will be far
+more acceptable to the reader than many works that have thus attracted
+interest in advance, without being able to meet and repay it.&mdash;<i>Albany
+Atlas.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<pre>
+<a name="trans-note" id="trans-note"></a>
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+The transcriber made the following changes to the text:
+
+ 1. p.  24, "two" changed to italic "two"
+ 3. p.  68, Cries she; "but let ...  no closing quote
+ 4. p.  84, "warant" changed to "warrant"
+ 5. p. 110, "jeweleries" changed to "jewelries"
+ 6. p. 192, "outage, But" changed to "outage. But"
+ 7. p. 214, will of Legree?" closing quote deleted
+ 8. p. 216, "contend its exists" changed to "contend it exists"
+ 9. p. 234, "manisfestation, They" changed to "manisfestation. They"
+10. p. 235, But the Spirit said, "Not so; ... no closing quote
+11. Footnote #7, "Ye christian Bondous" changed to "Ye Christian Bondous"
+12. p. 293, "cotemporaries" changed to "contemporaries"
+13. p. 302, "procelain" changed to "porcelain"
+
+Several page numbers in the Contents are not correct.
+
+"Massacre at Blount's Fort" is actually found on page 16, not 14.
+Likwise, "A Wish" is found on page 209, not 207. And "Mary Smith" will
+be found on page 236, not 237.  The page numbers in the Contents remains
+as published but the hyperlink will go to the correct page.
+
+</pre>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of
+2) (1854), by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUTOGRAPHS FOR FREEDOM ***
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of 2)
+(1854), by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of 2) (1854)
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Griffiths
+
+Release Date: November 28, 2006 [EBook #19949]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUTOGRAPHS FOR FREEDOM ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Curtis Weyant, Richard J. Shiffer and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images produced by the Wright
+American Fiction Project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this text as
+faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other
+inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an obvious error by
+the publisher is noted at the end of this ebook.]
+
+
+
+
+AUTOGRAPHS
+
+FOR FREEDOM.
+
+
+EDITED BY
+
+JULIA GRIFFITHS.
+
+
+    "In the long vista of the years to roll,
+      Let me not see my country's honor fade;
+    Oh! let me see our land retain its soul!
+      Her pride in Freedom, and not Freedom's shade."
+
+
+AUBURN:
+ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & CO.
+
+ROCHESTER:
+WANZER, BEARDSLEY & CO.
+
+
+1854.
+
+
+ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by
+ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & CO.,
+In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District
+of New York.
+
+
+STEREOTYPED BY
+THOMAS B. SMITH,
+216 William St. N. Y.
+
+[Illustration: J. B. Giddings (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)]
+
+
+
+
+Preface.
+
+
+In commending this, the second volume of "_the Autographs for
+Freedom_," to the attention of the public, "THE ROCHESTER LADIES'
+ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY" would congratulate themselves and the friends of
+freedom generally on the progress made, during the past year, by the
+cause to which the book is devoted.
+
+We greet thankfully those who have contributed of the wealth of their
+genius; the strength of their convictions; the ripeness of their
+judgment; their earnestness of purpose; their generous sympathies; to
+the completeness and excellence of the work; and we shall hope to meet
+many of them, if not all, in other numbers of "_The Autograph_," which
+may be called forth ere the chains of the Slave shall be broken, and
+this country redeemed from the sin and the curse of Slavery.
+
+On behalf of the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Julia Griffiths]
+
+_Sec'y._
+
+ROCHESTER, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+Contents.
+
+
+  Subject                                  Author                PAGE
+
+  INTRODUCTION (The Colored People's
+      "Industrial College")           _Prof. C. L. Reason_         11
+
+  Massacre at Blount's Fort           _Hon. J. R. Giddings_        14
+
+  The Fugitive Slave Act              _Hon. Wm. Jay_               27
+
+  The Size of Souls                   _Antoinette L. Brown_        41
+
+  Vincent Oge                         _George B. Vashon_           44
+
+  The Law of Liberty                  _Rev. Dr. Wm. Marsh_         61
+
+  The Swiftness of Time in God        _Theodore Parker_            63
+
+  Visit of a Fugitive Slave to the
+      Grave of Wilberforce            _Wm. Wells Brown_            70
+
+  Narrative of Albert and Mary        _Dr. W. H. Brisbane_         77
+
+  Toil and Trust                      _Hon. Chas. F. Adams_       128
+
+  Friendship for the Slave is
+      Friendship for the Master       _Jacob Abbott_              134
+
+  Christine                           _Anne P. Adams_             139
+
+  The Intellectual, Moral, and
+      Spiritual Condition of the
+      Slave                           _J. M. Langston_            147
+
+  The Bible _versus_ Slavery          _Rev. Dr. Willis_           151
+
+  The Work Goes Bravely on            _W. J. Watkins_             156
+
+  Slaveholding not a Misfortune
+      but a Crime                     _Rev Win Brock_             158
+
+  The Illegality of Slaveholding      _Rev. W. Goodell_           159
+
+  "Ore Perennius"                     _David Paul Brown_          160
+
+  The Mission of America              _John S. C. Abbott_         161
+
+  Disfellowshipping the Slaveholder     _Lewis Tappan_            163
+
+  A Leaf from my Scrap Book           _Wm. J. Wilson_             165
+
+  Who is my Neighbor                  _Rev. Thos. Starr King_     174
+
+  Consolation for the Slave           _Dr. S. Willard_            175
+
+  The Key                             _Dr. S. Willard_            177
+
+  The True Mission of Liberty         _Dr. W. Elder_              178
+
+  The True Spirit of Reform           _Mary Willard_              180
+
+  A Welcome to Mrs. H. B. Stowe, on
+      her return from Europe          _J. C. Holly_               184
+
+  Forward (from the German)           _Rev. T. W. Higginson_      186
+
+  What has Canada to do with
+      Slavery?                        _Thos. Henning_             187
+
+  A Fragment                          _Rev. Rufus Ellis_          190
+
+  The Encroachment of the Slave
+  Power                               _John Jay, Esq._            192
+
+  The Dishonor of Labor               _Horace Greeley_            194
+
+  The Evils of Colonization           _Wm. Watkins_               198
+
+  The Basis of the American
+  Constitution                        _Hon. Wm. H. Seward_        201
+
+  A Wish                              _Mrs. C. M. Kirkland_       207
+
+  A Dialogue                          _C. A. Bloss_               210
+
+  A time of Justice will come         _Hon. Gerit Smith_          225
+
+  Hope and Confidence                 _Prof. G. L. Reason_        226
+
+  A Letter that speaks for itself     _Jane G. Swisshelm_         230
+
+  On Freedom                          _R. W. Emerson_             235
+
+  Mary Smith. An Anti-Slavery
+      Reminiscence                    _Hon S. E. Sewell_          236
+
+  Freedom--Liberty                    _Dr. J. McCune Smith_       241
+
+  An Aspiration                       _Rev. E. H. Chapin_         242
+
+  The Dying Soliloquy of the
+      Victim of the Wilkesbarre
+      Tragedy                         _Mrs. H. H. Greenough_      243
+
+  Let all be Free                     _Hon. C. M. Clay_           248
+
+  Extract from a Speech               _Frederick Douglass_        251
+
+  Extract from an Unpublished Poem
+      on Freedom                      _William D. Snow_           256
+
+  Letter                              _Rev. H. Ward Beecher_      273
+
+  A Day Spent at Playford Hall        _Mrs. Harriet B. Stowe_     277
+
+  Teaching the Slave to Read          _Mary Irving_               304
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+The Colored People's "Industrial College."
+
+WHAT SOME OF THE BUILDERS HAVE THOUGHT.
+
+
+A word oft-times is expressive of an entire policy. Such is the term
+_Abolition_. Though formerly used as a synonym of _Anti-Slavery_,
+people now clearly understand that the designs of those who have
+ranged themselves under the first of these systems of reform are of
+deeper significance and wider scope than are the objects contemplated
+by the latter, and concern themselves not only with the great primary
+question of bodily freedom, but take in also the collateral issues
+connected with human enfranchisement, independent of race, complexion,
+or sex.
+
+The Abolitionist of to-day is the Iconoclast of the age, and his
+mission is to break the idolatrous images set up by a hypocritical
+Church, a Sham Democracy, or a corrupt public sentiment, and to
+substitute in their stead the simple and beautiful doctrine of a
+common brotherhood. He would elevate every creature by abolishing the
+hinderances and checks imposed upon him, whether these be legal or
+social--and in proportion as such grievances are invidious and severe,
+in such measure does he place himself in the front rank of the battle,
+to wage his emancipating war.
+
+Therefore it is that the Abolitionist has come to be considered the
+especial friend of the negro, since _he_, of all others, has been made
+to drink deep from the cup of oppression.
+
+The free-colored man at the north, for his bond-brother as for
+himself, has trusted hopefully in the increasing public sentiment,
+which, in the multiplication of these friends, has made his future
+prospects brighter. And, to-day, while he is making a noble struggle
+to vindicate the claims of his entire class, depending mainly for the
+accomplishment of that end on his own exertions, he passes in review
+the devotion and sacrifices made in his behalf: gratitude is in his
+heart, and thanks fell from his lips. But, in one department of
+reformatory exertion he feels that he has been neglected. He has seen
+his pledged allies throw themselves into the hottest of the battle, to
+fight for the Abolition of Capital Punishment--for the Prohibition of
+the Liquor Traffic--for the Rights of Women, and similar reforms,--but
+he has failed to see a corresponding earnestness, according to the
+influence of Abolitionists in the business world, in opening the
+avenues of industrial labor to the proscribed youth of the land. This
+work, therefore, is evidently left for himself to do. And he has laid
+his powers to the task. The record of his conclusions was given at
+Rochester, in July, and has become already a part of history.
+
+Though shut out from the workshops of the country, he is determined to
+make self-provision, so as to triumph over the spirit of caste that
+would keep him degraded. The utility of the Industrial Institution he
+would erect, must, he believes, commend itself to Abolitionists. But
+not only to them. The verdict of less liberal minds has been given
+already in its favor. The usefulness, the self-respect and
+self-dependence,--the combination of intelligence and handicraft,--the
+accumulation of the materials of wealth, all referable to such an
+Institution, present fair claims to the assistance of the entire
+American people.
+
+Whenever emancipation shall take place, immediate though it be, the
+subjects of it, like many who now make up the so-called free
+population, will be in what Geologists call, the "Transition State."
+The prejudice now felt against them for bearing on their persons the
+brand of slaves, cannot die out immediately. Severe trials will still
+be their portion--the curse of a "taunted race" must be expiated by
+almost miraculous proofs of advancement; and some of these miracles
+must be antecedent to the great day of Jubilee. To fight the battle on
+the bare ground of abstract principles, will fail to give us complete
+victory. The subterfuges of pro-slavery selfishness must _now_ be
+dragged to light, and the last weak argument,--that the negro can
+never contribute anything to advance the national character, "nailed
+to the counter as base coin." To the conquering of the difficulties
+heaped up in the path of his industry, the free-colored man of the
+North has pledged himself. Already he sees, springing into growth,
+from out his foster _work-school_, intelligent young laborers,
+competent to enrich the world with necessary products--industrious
+citizens, contributing their proportion to aid on the advancing
+civilization of the country;--self-providing artizans vindicating
+their people from the never-ceasing charge of a fitness for servile
+positions.
+
+Abolitionists ought to consider it a legitimate part of their great
+work, to aid in such an enterprise--to abolish not only chattel
+servitude, but that other kind of slavery, which, for generation after
+generation, dooms an oppressed people to a condition of dependence and
+pauperism. Such an Institution would be a shining mark, in even this
+enlightened age; and every man and woman, equipped by its discipline
+to do good battle in the arena of active life, would be, next to the
+emancipated bondman, the most desirable "_Autograph for Freedom_."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Chas. L. Reason]
+
+
+
+
+Massacre at Blount's Fort.
+
+
+On the west side of the Appalachicola River, some forty miles below
+the line of Georgia, are yet found the ruins of what was once called
+"BLOUNT'S FORT." Its ramparts are now covered with a dense growth of
+underbrush and small trees. You may yet trace out its bastions,
+curtains, and magazine. At this time the country adjacent presents the
+appearance of an unbroken wilderness, and the whole scene is one of
+gloomy solitude, associated as it is with one of the most cruel
+massacres which ever disgraced the American arms.
+
+The fort had originally been erected by civilized troops, and, when
+abandoned by its occupants at the close of the war, in 1815, it was
+taken possession of by the refugees from Georgia. But little is yet
+known of that persecuted people; their history can only be found in
+the national archives at Washington. They had been held as slaves in
+the State referred to; but during the Revolution they caught the
+spirit of liberty, at that time so prevalent throughout our land, and
+fled from their oppressors and found an asylum among the aborigines
+living in Florida.
+
+During forty years they had effectually eluded, or resisted, all
+attempts to re-enslave them. They were true to themselves, to the
+instinctive love of liberty, which is planted in every human heart.
+Most of them had been born amidst perils, reared in the forest, and
+taught from their childhood to hate the oppressors of their race. Most
+of those who had been personally held in degrading servitude, whose
+backs had been seared by the lash of the savage overseer, had passed
+to that spirit-land where the clanking of chains is not heard, where
+slavery is not known. Some few of that class yet remained. Their gray
+hairs and feeble limbs, however, indicated that they, too, must soon
+pass away. Of the three hundred and eleven persons residing in
+"Blount's Fort" not more than twenty had been actually held in
+servitude. The others were descended from slave parents, who fled from
+Georgia, and, according to the laws of slave States, were liable to
+suffer the same outrages to which their ancestors had been subjected.
+
+It is a most singular feature in slave-holding morals, that if the
+parents be robbed of their liberty, deprived of the rights with which
+their Creator has endowed them, the perpetrator of these wrongs
+becomes entitled to repeat them upon the children of their former
+victims. There were also some few parents and grandchildren, as well
+as middle-aged persons, who sought protection within the walls of the
+Fort against the vigilant slave-catchers who occasionally were seen
+prowling around the fortifications, but who dare not venture within
+the power of those whom they sought to enslave.
+
+These fugitives had planted their gardens, and some of them had flocks
+roaming in the wilderness; all were enjoying the fruits of their
+labor, and congratulating themselves upon being safe from the attacks
+of those who enslave mankind. But the spirit of oppression is
+inexorable. The slaveholders finding they could not themselves obtain
+possession of their intended victims, called on the President of the
+United States for assistance to perpetrate the crime of enslaving
+their fellow men. That functionary had been reared amid southern
+institutions. He entertained no doubt of the right of one man to
+enslave another. He did not doubt that if a man held in servitude
+should attempt to escape, he would be worthy of death. In short, he
+fully sympathised with those who sought his official aid. He
+immediately directed the Secretary of War to issue orders to the
+Commander of the "Southern Military District of the United States" to
+send a detachment of troops to destroy "Blount's Fort," and to "_seize
+those who occupied it and return them to their masters_."[1]
+
+General Jackson, at that time Commander of the Southern Military
+District, directed Lieut.-Colonel Clinch to perform the barbarous
+task. I was at one time personally acquainted with that officer, and
+know the impulses of his generous nature, and can readily account for
+the failure of his expedition. He marched to the vicinity of the Fort,
+made the necessary recognisance, and returned, making report that "the
+fortification was not accessible by land."[2]
+
+Orders were then issued to Commodore Patterson, directing him to carry
+out the directions of the Secretary of War. He at that time commanded
+the American flotilla lying in "Mobile Bay," and instantly issued an
+order to Lieut. Loomis to ascend the Appalachicola River with two
+gun-boats, "to seize the people in BLOUNT'S FORT, deliver them to
+their owners, and destroy the Fort."
+
+On the morning of the 17th Sept., A. D. 1816, a spectator might have
+seen several individuals standing upon the walls of that fortress
+watching with intense interest the approach of two small vessels that
+were slowly ascending the river, under full-spread canvas, by the aid
+of a light southern breeze. They were in sight at early dawn, but it
+was ten o'clock when they furled their sails and cast anchor opposite
+the Fort, and some four or five hundred yards distant from it.
+
+A boat was lowered, and soon a midshipman and twelve men were observed
+making for the shore. They were met at the water's edge by some half
+dozen of the principal men in the Fort, and their errand demanded.
+
+The young officer told them he was sent to make demand of the Fort,
+and that its inmates were to be given up to the "slaveholders, then on
+board the gun-boat, who claimed them as fugitive slaves!" The demand
+was instantly rejected, and the midshipman and his men returned to the
+gun-boats and informed Lieut. Loomis of the answer he had received.
+
+As the colored men entered the Fort they related to their companions
+the demand that had been made. Great was the consternation manifested
+by the females, and even a portion of the sterner sex appeared to be
+distressed at their situation. This was observed by an old patriarch,
+who had drunk the bitter cup of servitude, one who bore on his person
+the visible marks of the thong, as well as the brand of his master,
+upon his shoulder. He saw his friends faultered, and he spoke
+cheerfully to them. He assured them that they were safe from the
+cannon shot of the enemy--that there were not men enough on board the
+vessels to storm their Fort, and finally closed with the emphatic
+declaration: "_Give me liberty or give me death!_" This saying was
+repeated by many agonized fathers and mothers on that bloody day.
+
+A cannonade was soon commenced upon the Fort, but without much
+apparent effect. The shots were harmless; they penetrated the earth
+of which the walls were composed, and were there buried, without
+further injury. Some two hours were thus spent without injuring any
+person in the Fort. They then commenced throwing bombs. The bursting
+of these shells had more effect. There was no shelter from these fatal
+messages. Mothers gathered their little ones around them and pressed
+their babes more closely to their bosoms, as one explosion after
+another warned them of their imminent danger. By these explosions some
+were occasionally wounded and a few killed, until, at length, the
+shrieks of the wounded and groans of the dying were heard in various
+parts of the fortress.
+
+Do you ask why these mothers and children were thus butchered in cold
+blood? I answer, they were slain for adhering to the doctrine that
+"all men are endowed by their Creator with the _inalienable right to
+enjoy life and liberty_." Holding to this doctrine of Hancock and of
+Jefferson, the power of the nation was arrayed against them, and our
+army employed to deprive them of life.
+
+The bombardment was continued some hours with but little effect, so
+far as the assailants could discover. They manifested no disposition
+to surrender. The day was passing away. Lieut. Loomis called a council
+of officers and put to them the question, _what further shall be
+done_? An under officer suggested the propriety of firing "hot shot at
+the magazine." The proposition was agreed to. The furnaces were
+heated, balls were prepared, and the cannonade was resumed. The
+occupants of the Fort felt relieved by the change. They could hear the
+deep humming sound of the cannon balls, to which they had become
+accustomed in the early part of the day, and some made themselves
+merry at the supposed folly of their assailants. They knew not that
+the shot was heated, and was therefore unconscious of the danger which
+threatened them.
+
+The sun was rapidly descending in the west. The tall pines and spruce
+threw their shadows over the fortification. The roar of the cannon,
+the sighing of the shot, the groans of the wounded, the dark shades of
+approaching evening, all conspired to render the scene one of intense
+gloom. They longed for the approaching night to close around them in
+order that they might bury the dead, and flee to the wilderness for
+safety.
+
+Suddenly a startling phenomena presented itself to their astonished
+view. The heavy embankment and timbers protecting the magazine
+appeared to rise from the earth, and the next _instant_ the dreadful
+explosion overwhelmed them, and the next found _two hundred and
+seventy_ parents and children in the immediate presence of a holy God,
+making their appeal for retributive justice upon the government who
+had murdered them, and the freemen of the north who sustained such
+unutterable crimes.[3]
+
+Many were crushed by the falling earth and the timbers; many were
+entirely buried in the ruins. Some were horribly mangled by the
+fragments of timber and the explosion of charged shells that were in
+the magazine. Limbs were torn from the bodies to which they had been
+attached. Mothers and babes lay beside each other, wrapped in that
+sleep which knows no waking.
+
+The sun had set, and the twilight of evening was closing around them,
+when some sixty sailors, under the officer second in command, landed,
+and, without opposition, entered the Fort. The veteran sailors,
+accustomed to blood and carnage, were horror-stricken as they viewed
+the scene before them. They were accompanied, however, by some twenty
+slaveholders, all anxious for their prey. These paid little attention
+to the dead and dying, but anxiously seized upon the living, and,
+fastening the fetters upon their limbs, hurried them from the Fort,
+and instantly commenced their return towards the frontier of Georgia.
+Some fifteen persons in the Fort survived the terrible explosion, and
+they now sleep in servile graves, or moan and weep in bondage.
+
+The officer in command of the party, with his men, returned to the
+boats as soon as the slaveholders were fairly in possession of their
+victims. The sailors appeared gloomy and thoughtful as they returned
+to their vessels. The anchors were weighed, the sails unfurled, and
+both vessels hurried from the scene of butchery as rapidly as they
+were able. After the officers had retired to their cabins, the
+rough-featured sailors gathered before the mast, and loud and bitter
+were the curses they uttered against slavery and against those
+officers of government who had then constrained them to murder women
+and helpless children, merely for their love of liberty.
+
+But the dead remained unburied; and the next day the vultures were
+feeding upon the carcasses of young men and young women, whose hearts
+on the previous morning had beaten high with expectation. Their bones
+have been bleaching in the sun for thirty-seven years, and may yet be
+seen scattered among the ruins of that ancient fortification.
+
+Twenty-two years elapsed, and a representative in Congress, from one
+of the free States, reported a bill giving to the perpetrators of
+these murders a gratuity of five thousand dollars from the public
+treasury, as a token of the gratitude which the people of this nation
+felt for the soldierly and gallant manner in which the crime was
+committed toward them. The bill passed both houses of Congress, was
+approved by the President, and now stands upon our statute book among
+the laws enacted at the 3d Session of the 25th Congress.
+
+The facts are all found scattered among the various public documents
+which repose in the alcoves of our National Library. But no historian
+has been willing to collect and publish them, in consequence of the
+deep disgrace which they reflect upon the American arms, and upon
+those who then controlled the government.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) J. R. Giddings]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Vide Executive documents of the 2d Session 13th Congress.
+
+[2] It is believed that this report was suggested by the humanity of
+Col. Clinch. He was reputed one of the bravest and most energetic
+officers in the service. He possessed an indomitable perseverance, and
+could probably have captured the Fort in one hour, had he desired to
+do so.
+
+[3] That is the number officially reported by the officer in command,
+vide Executive doc. of the 13th Congress.
+
+
+
+
+The Fugitive Slave Act.
+
+
+Few laws have ever been passed better calculated than this to harden
+the heart and benumb the conscience of every man who assists in its
+execution. It pours contempt upon the dictates of justice and
+humanity. It levels in the dust the barriers erected by the common law
+for the protection of personal liberty. Its victims are native born
+Americans, uncharged with crime. These men are seized, without notice,
+and instantly carried before an officer, by whom they are generally
+hurried off into a cruel bondage, for the remainder of their days, and
+sometimes without time being allowed for a parting interview with
+their families. Such treatment would be cruel toward criminals; but
+these men are adjudged to toil, to stripes, to ignorance, to poverty,
+to hopeless degradation, on the pretence that they "owe service."
+This allegation all know to be utterly false, they having never
+promised to serve, and being legally incapable of making any contract.
+Every act of Christian kindness to these unhappy people, tending to
+secure to them the rights which our declaration of independence
+asserts belong _to all_ men, is made by this accursed law a penal
+offence, to be punished with fine and imprisonment. Mock judges,
+unknown to the constitution, and bribed by the promise of double fees
+to re-enslave the fugitive, are commanded to decide, _summarily_, the
+most momentous personal issue, with the single exception of life and
+death, that could possibly engage the attention of a legal tribunal of
+the most august character. Yet this tremendous issue of liberty or
+bondage, is to be decided, not only in a hurry, but on such _prima
+facie_ evidence as may satisfy the judge, and this judge, too,
+_selected_ from a herd of similar creatures, by the claimant himself!!
+An _ex parte_ affidavit, made by an absent and interested party, with
+the certificate of an absent judge that he believes it to be true, is
+to be received as CONCLUSIVE, in the face of any amount of oral and
+documentary testimony to the contrary. "Can a man take fire into his
+bosom and not be burned?" Can a man aid in executing such a law
+without defiling his own conscience? Yet does this profligate statute,
+with impious arrogance, command "ALL GOOD CITIZENS" to assist in
+enforcing it, when required so to do by an official slave-catcher!
+
+It is a singular fact, in the history of this enactment, that Mr.
+Mason, who introduced the bill, and Mr. Webster, who, in advance,
+pledged to it his support "to the fullest extent," both confessed, on
+the floor of Congress, that in their individual judgments, it was
+UNCONSTITUTIONAL,--that is, that the constitution, as they expounded
+it, imposed upon the _States_ severally, the obligation to surrender
+fugitive slaves, and gave Congress no power to legislate on the
+subject. The Supreme Court, however, having otherwise determined,
+these gentlemen acquiesced in its decision, without being convinced by
+it. It is well known how grossly Mr. Webster, in his subsequent
+canvass for the Presidency, insulted all who, like himself, denied the
+constitutionality of the law. Another significant fact in the same
+history is, that the law was passed by a _minority_ of the House of
+Representatives. Of 232 members, only 109 recorded their names in its
+favor. Many, deterred either by scruples of conscience or doubts of
+the popularity of the measure, declined voting, while party discipline
+prevented them from offering to it an open and manly resistance. A
+third fact in this history, worthy to be remembered, is, that the
+advocates of the law are conscious that its revolting provisions would
+not bear discussion, forced its passage under the previous question,
+thus preventing any remarks on its enormities--any appeals to the
+consciences of the members--against the perpetration of such
+detestable wickedness.
+
+Seldom has any public iniquity been committed to which the words of
+the Psalmist have been so applicable: "Surely the wrath of man shall
+praise THEE; and the remainder of wrath shalt THOU restrain."
+
+It was happily so ordered, that several of the early seizures and
+surrenders under this law were conducted with such marked barbarity,
+such cruel indecent haste, such wanton disregard of justice and of
+humanity, as to shock the moral sense of the community, and to render
+the law intensely hateful.
+
+Very soon after the law went into operation, one of the pseudo judges
+created by it, surrendered an alleged slave, on evidence which no jury
+would have deemed sufficient to establish a title to a dog. In vain
+the wretched man declared his freedom--in vain he named six witnesses
+whom he swore could prove his freedom--in vain he implored for a delay
+of ONE HOUR. He was sent off as a slave, guarded, at the expense of
+the United States treasury, to his pretended master in Maryland, who
+honestly refused to receive him. The judge had made a mistake (!) and
+had sent a free man instead of a slave.
+
+This vile law, although of course receiving the sanction of the
+Democrats, it being a bid for the Presidency, was a device of the Whig
+party, and could not have been carried but by the co-operation of
+Webster, Clay, and Fillmore. As if to enhance the value of the bid,
+the Administration affected a desire to baptise it in northern blood,
+by making resistance to the law, a crime to be punished with DEATH.
+The hustling of an officer, and the consequent escape of an arrested
+fugitive, were declared, by the Secretary of State, to be a _levying
+of war against the United States_--of course an act of HIGH TREASON,
+to be expiated on the gallows; and the rioters at Christiana were
+prosecuted for HIGH TREASON, in pursuance of orders forwarded from
+Washington. This wretched sycophancy won no favor from the
+slaveholders, and the result of the abominable and absurd prosecution
+only brought on the authors and advocates of the law fresh obloquy.
+When men obtain some rich and splendid prize, by their wrong-doing,
+many admire their boldness and dexterity, but foolish, profitless
+wickedness ensures only contempt. The northern Whigs, in doing
+obeisance to the slave power, sinned against their oft-repeated and
+solemn professions and pledges. They sinned in the expectation of
+thereby electing a President, and enjoying the patronage he would
+dispense. Most bitterly were these men disappointed, first in the
+candidate selected, and next in the result of the election. The party
+has been beaten to death, and it died unhonored and unwept. Let the
+Fugitive Slave Law be its epitaph. Truly the Whig politicians were
+"snared in the work of their own hands."
+
+Certain fashionable Divines deemed it expedient to second the efforts
+of the politicians in catching slaves, by talking from their pulpits
+about Hebrew slavery, and the reverence due to the "powers that be
+ordained of God." Yet the injunctions of the fugitive law were so
+obviously at variance with the "HIGHER LAW" of justice and mercy which
+these gentlemen were required by their Divine Master to inculcate,
+that "cotton divinity" fell into disrepute, nor could the plaudits of
+politicians and union committees save its clerical professors from
+forfeiting the esteem and confidence of multitudes of Christian
+people.
+
+But Whig politicians and cotton Divines are not the only friends of
+the fugitive law to whom it has made most ungrateful returns. The
+Democratic leaders, bidding against the Whigs for the Presidency, were
+most vociferous in expressions of the delight they took in the human
+chase. Democratic candidates for the Presidency, to the goodly number
+of NINE, gave public attestations under their _signs manual_, of their
+approbation of a law outraging the principles of Democracy, as well as
+of common justice and humanity. Each and all of these men were
+rejected, and the slaveholders selected an individual whom they were
+well assured would be their obsequious tool, but who had offered no
+bribe for their votes.
+
+But did the slaveholders themselves gain more by this law than their
+northern auxiliaries? They, indeed, hailed its passage as a mighty
+triumph. The nation had given them a law, drafted by themselves,
+laying down the rules of the hunt, as best suited their pleasure and
+interest. Wealthy and influential gentlemen in our commercial cities,
+out of compliment to southern electors, became amateur huntsmen, and
+in New York and Boston the chase was pursued with all the zeal and
+apparent delight that could have been expected in Guinea or Virginia.
+Slave-catching was the test, at once, of patriotism and gentility,
+while sympathy for the wretched fugitive was the mark of vulgar
+fanaticism. The north was humbled in the dust, by the action of her
+own recreant sons. Every "good citizen" found himself, for the first
+time in the history of mankind, a slave-catcher by law. Every
+official, appointed by a slave-catching judge, was invested with the
+authority of a High Sheriff, being empowered to call out the _posse
+comitatus_, and compel the neighbors to join in a slave chase. Well,
+indeed, might the slaveholders rejoice and make merry;--well, indeed,
+in the insolence of triumph, might they command the people of the
+north to hold their tongues about "the peculiar institution," under
+pain of their sore displeasure.
+
+But amid this slavery jubilee, a woman's heart was swelling and
+heaving with indignant sorrow at the outrages offered to God and man
+by the fugitive law. Her pent up emotions struggled for utterance,
+and at last, as if moved by some mighty inspiration, and in all the
+fervor of Christian love, she put forth a book which arrested the
+attention of the WORLD. A miracle of authorship, this book attained,
+within twelve months, a circulation without a parallel in the history
+of printing. In that brief space, about two millions of volumes
+proclaimed, in the languages of civilization, the wrongs of the slave
+and the atrocities of the AMERICAN FUGITIVE LAW. The gaze of mankind
+is now turned upon the slaveholders and their northern auxiliaries,
+both clerical and lay. The subjects of European despotisms console
+themselves with the grateful conviction, that however harsh may be
+their own governments, they make no approach to the baseness or to the
+cruelty and tyranny of the "peculiar institution" of the Model
+Republic.[4]
+
+One slaveholder, together with the cotton men of the north, fretted
+and vexed by their sudden and unenviable notoriety, foolishly
+attempted to obviate the impressions made by the book, by denouncing
+it as a lying fiction. Nay, one of the most affecting illustrations of
+pure and undefiled Christianity that ever proceeded from an uninspired
+pen, was gravely declared, by an organ of cotton divinity, to be an
+ANTI-CHRISTIAN book.[5] Truly, indeed, the wisdom of man is
+foolishness with God. "He disappointeth the devices of the crafty."
+
+Branded with falsehood and impiety, the author was happily put on her
+trial before the civilized world. She collected, arranged, and gave to
+the press, a mass of unimpeachable documents, consisting of laws,
+judicial decisions, trials, confessions of slaveholders,
+advertisements from southern papers, and testimonies of eye-witnesses.
+The proof was conclusive and overwhelming that the picture she had
+drawn of American slavery was unfaithful, only because the coloring
+was faint, and wanted the crimson dye of the original. A verdict of
+not guilty of exaggeration has been rendered by acclamation.
+
+It has long been the standing refuge of the slaveholders, that
+northern men and Europeans, in condemning slavery, were passing
+judgment against an institution of which they were ignorant. The
+"peculiar institution" was represented as some great _mystery_ which
+could not be understood beyond the slave region. Thanks to the
+fugitive law, it has led to the construction of a "_key_," which has
+unlocked our Republican bastile, thrown open to the sunlight its
+hideous dungeons, and exposed the various instruments of torture for
+subjecting the soul, as well as the body, to hopeless and unresisting
+bondage. The iniquity of our cherished institution is no longer a
+MYSTERY. All Christendom is now made familiar with it, and is sending
+forth a cry of indignant remonstrance and of taunting scorn. Such is
+the suppression of anti-slavery agitation given to the slaveholders by
+their northern friends--such the strength imparted by the fugitive
+slave law to the system of human bondage. How applicable to the
+inventors and supporters of that statute are the words of David, in
+regard to some politician of his own day: "Behold he travaileth with
+iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood. He
+made a pit, and digged it, and is fallen into the ditch which he made.
+His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing
+shall come down upon his own pate;" and then he adds, "I will praise
+the Lord." So also let the Christian bless and magnify HIM, who by his
+infinite wisdom brings good out of evil, and in the case of the
+fugitive law, HATH CAUSED THE WRATH OF MAN TO PRAISE HIM.
+
+But there is still a _remainder_ of wrath. The law is still on the
+Statute Book, and hungry politicians are promising that there it
+shall ever remain; and terrible threats come from the south, of the
+ruin that shall overwhelm the free States, should the law be repealed
+or rendered less abominable than at present. Yet, in spite of northern
+promises, and professions of security, and in spite of the great
+swelling words of the dealers in human flesh, the _practical_, like
+the moral working of the law, has been very far from what its authors
+anticipated. The law was passed the 18th September, 1850, and, in two
+years and nine months, not fifty slaves have been recovered under
+it--not an average of EIGHTEEN slaves a year! Poor compensation this
+to the slaveholders for making themselves a bye-word, a proverb, and a
+reproach to Christendom--for giving a new and mighty impulse to
+abolition, and for deepening the detestation felt by the true friends
+of liberty and humanity, for an institution asking and obtaining for
+its protection a law so repugnant to the moral sense of mankind. But
+while this artful and wicked law, with its army of ten-dollar judges,
+and marshals, and constables, and office-seekers, and politicians,
+with the President and his cabinet all striving to enforce it, "to the
+fullest extent," has restored to their masters not _eighteen slaves_
+a year; the escapes from the prison house have probably never been
+more numerous, nor the aid and sympathy afforded by Christians more
+abundant. Thus has THE REMAINDER OF WRATH BEEN RESTRAINED. In the
+marvellous conversion of this odious law into an anti-slavery agency,
+let us find a new motive for unceasing and unwearied agitation against
+slavery, and a new pledge of ultimate triumph.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William Jay]
+
+BEDFORD, June 1853.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] A late American traveller, in Germany, invited to an evening party
+at the house of a Professor, attempted to compliment the company by
+expressing his indignation at the oppression which "the dear old
+German fatherland" suffered at the hands of its rulers. The American's
+profferred sympathy was coldly received. "We admit," was the reply,
+"that there is much wrong here, but we do not admit the right of _your
+country_ to rebuke it. There is a system now with you, worse than any
+thing which we know of tyranny--your SLAVERY. It is a disgrace and
+blot on your free government and on a Christian State. We have nothing
+in Russia or Hungary which is so degrading, and we have nothing which
+so crushes the mind. And more than this, we hear you have now a LAW,
+just passed by your National Assembly, which would disgrace the cruel
+code of the Czar. We hear of free men and women, hunted like dogs on
+your mountains, and sent back, without trial, to bondage worse than
+our serfs have ever known. We have, in Europe, many excuses in ancient
+evils and deep-laid prejudices, but you, the young and free people, in
+this age, to be passing again, afresh, such measures of unmitigated
+wrong!"--_Home life in Germany, by Charles Loving Brace_. Mr. Brace
+honestly adds: "_I must say that the blood tingled to my cheek with
+shame, as he spoke_."
+
+[5] "We have read the book, and regard it as Anti-Christian, on the
+same grounds that the chronicle regards it decidedly anti
+ministerial."--New York Observer, September 22, 1852.--_Editorial_.
+The Bishop of Rome also regards the book as Anti-Christian, and has
+forbidden his subjects to read it. On the other hand, the clergy of
+Great Britain differ most widely from the reverend gentlemen of the
+"Observer" and the Vatican, in their estimate of the character of the
+book. Said Dr. Wardlaw, who on this subject may be regarded as the
+representative of the Protestant Divines of Europe: "He who can read
+it without the breathings of devotion, must, if he call himself a
+Christian, have a Christianity as _unique and questionable_ as his
+humanity."
+
+
+[Illustration: Antoinette L. Brown (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+The Size of Souls.
+
+
+A quaint old writer describes a class of persons who have souls so
+very small that "500 of them could dance at once upon the point of a
+cambric needle." These wee people are often wrapped up in a lump of
+the very coarsest of human clay, ponderous enough to give them the
+semblance of full-grown men and women. A grain of mustard seed, buried
+in the heart of a mammoth pumpkin, would be no comparison to the
+little soul, sheathed in its full grown body. The contrast in size
+would be insufficient to convey an adequate impression; and the tiny
+soul has little of the mustard seed spiciness.
+
+Yet if this mass of flesh is only wrapped up in a _white skin_, even
+though it is not nearly thick enough to conceal the grossness and
+coarseness of the veiled material, the poor "feeble folk" within will
+fancy that he really belongs to the natural variety of aristocratic
+humanity. He has the good taste to refuse condescension sufficient to
+allow him to eat at table with a Frederick Douglass, a Samuel R. Ward,
+or a Dr. Pennington. Poor light little soul! It can borrow a pair of
+flea's legs, and, hopping up to the magnificent lights of public
+opinion, sit looking down upon the whole colored race in sovereign
+contempt.
+
+Take off the thin veneering of a white skin, substitute in its stead
+the real African ebony, and then place him side by side with one of
+the above-mentioned men. Measure intellect with intellect--eloquence
+with eloquence! Mental and moral infancy stand abashed in the presence
+of nature's noblemen!
+
+So, mere complexion is elevated above character. Sensible men and
+women are not ashamed of the acknowledgment. The fact has a popular
+endorsement. People _sneer_ at _you_ if you are not ready to
+comprehend the fitness of the thing. If you cannot weigh mind in a
+balance with a moiety of coloring matter, and still let the mind be
+found wanting, expect, in America, to lose cast yourself for want of
+approved taste.
+
+If sin is capable of being made to look mean, narrow,
+contemptible--to exhibit itself in its character of thorough,
+unmitigated bitterness--it is when exhibited in the light of our
+"peculiar" prejudices. Mind, Godlike, immortal mind, with its burden
+of deathless thought, its comprehensive and discriminating reason, its
+brilliant wit, its genial humor, its store-house of thrilling
+memories--a voice of mingled power and pathos, words burning with the
+unconsuming fire of genius, virtues gathering in ripened beauty upon a
+brave heart, and moral integrity preeminent over all else--all this
+could not make a black man the social equal of a white coxcomb, even
+though his brain were as blank as white paper, and his heart as black
+as darkness concentrated. May heaven alleviate our undiluted
+stupidity!
+
+                                   ANTOINETTE L. BROWN.
+
+
+
+
+Vincent Oge
+
+     [Fragments of a poem hitherto unpublished, upon a revolt of
+     the free persons of color, in the island of St. Domingo (now
+     Hayti), in the years 1790-1.]
+
+      There is, at times, an evening sky--
+        The twilight's gift--of sombre hue,
+      All checkered wild and gorgeously
+        With streaks of crimson, gold and blue;--
+      A sky that strikes the soul with awe,
+        And, though not brilliant as the sheen,
+      Which in the east at morn we saw,
+        Is far more glorious, I ween;--
+      So glorious that, when night hath come
+      And shrouded it in deepest gloom,
+      We turn aside with inward pain
+      And pray to see that sky again.
+      Such sight is like the struggle made
+      When freedom bids unbare the blade,
+      And calls from every mountain glen--
+        From every hill--from every plain,
+      Her chosen ones to stand like men,
+        And cleanse their souls from every stain
+      Which wretches, steeped in crime and blood,
+      Have cast upon the form of God.
+      Though peace like morning's golden hue,
+        With blooming groves and waving fields,
+      Is mildly pleasing to the view,
+        And all the blessings that it yields
+      Are fondly welcomed by the breast
+        Which finds delight in passion's rest,
+      That breast with joy foregoes them all,
+      While listening to Freedom's call.
+      Though red the carnage,--though the strife
+      Be filled with groans of parting life,--
+      Though battle's dark, ensanguined skies
+      Give echo but to agonies--
+        To shrieks of wild despairing,--
+      We willingly repress a sigh--
+      Nay, gaze with rapture in our eye,
+      Whilst "FREEDOM!" is the rally-cry
+        That calls to deeds of daring.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      The waves dash brightly on thy shore,
+        Fair island of the southern seas!
+      As bright in joy as when of yore
+        They gladly hailed the Genoese,--
+      That daring soul who gave to Spain
+      A world--last trophy of her reign!
+      Basking in beauty, thou dost seem
+      A vision in a poet's dream!
+      Thou look'st as though thou claim'st not birth
+      With sea and sky and other earth,
+      That smile around thee but to show
+      Thy beauty in a brighter glow,--
+      That are unto thee as the foil
+        Artistic hands have featly set
+      Around Golconda's radiant spoil,
+        To grace some lofty coronet,--
+      A foil which serves to make the gem
+      The glory of that diadem!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      If Eden claimed a favored haunt,
+        Most hallowed of that blessed ground,
+      Where tempting fiend with guileful taunt
+        A resting-place would ne'er have found,--
+      As shadowing it well might seek
+        The loveliest home in that fair isle,
+      Which in its radiance seemed to speak
+        As to the charmed doth Beauty's smile,
+      That whispers of a thousand things
+      For which words find no picturings.
+      Like to the gifted Greek who strove
+        To paint a crowning work of art,
+      And form his ideal Queen of Love,
+        By choosing from each grace a part,
+      Blending them in one beauteous whole,
+      To charm the eye, transfix the soul,
+      And hold it in enraptured fires,
+      Such as a dream of heaven inspires,--
+      So seem the glad waves to have sought
+        From every place its richest treasure,
+      And borne it to that lovely spot,
+        To found thereon a home of pleasure;--
+      A home where balmy airs might float
+        Through spicy bower and orange grove;
+      Where bright-winged birds might turn the note
+        Which tells of pure and constant love;
+      Where earthquake stay its demon force,
+      And hurricane its wrathful course;
+      Where nymph and fairy find a home,
+      And foot of spoiler never come.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      And Oge stands mid this array
+        Of matchless beauty, but his brow
+      Is brightened not by pleasure's play;
+        He stands unmoved--nay, saddened now,
+      As doth the lorn and mateless bird
+      That constant mourns, whilst all unheard,
+      The breezes freighted with the strains
+      Of other songsters sweep the plain,--
+      That ne'er breathes forth a joyous note,
+      Though odors on the zephyrs float--
+      The tribute of a thousand bowers,
+      Rich in their store of fragrant flowers.
+      Yet Oge's was a mind that joyed
+        With nature in her every mood,
+      Whether in sunshine unalloyed
+        With darkness, or in tempest rude
+      And, by the dashing waterfall,
+        Or by the gently flowing river,
+      Or listening to the thunder's call,
+        He'd joy away his life forever.
+      But ah! life is a changeful thing,
+        And pleasures swiftly pass away,
+      And we may turn, with shuddering,
+        From what we sighed for yesterday.
+      The guest, at banquet-table spread
+      With choicest viands, shakes with dread,
+      Nor heeds the goblet bright and fair,
+      Nor tastes the dainties rich and rare,
+      Nor bids his eye with pleasure trace
+      The wreathed flowers that deck the place,
+      If he but knows there is a draught
+      Among the cordials, that, if quaffed,
+      Will send swift poison through his veins.
+        So Oge seems; nor does his eye
+      With pleasure view the flowery plains,
+        The bounding sea, the spangled sky,
+      As, in the short and soft twilight,
+        The stars peep brightly forth in heaven,
+      And hasten to the realms of night,
+        As handmaids of the Even.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      The loud shouts from the distant town,
+        Joined in with nature's gladsome lay;
+      The lights went glancing up and down,
+        Riv'ling the stars--nay, seemed as they
+      Could stoop to claim, in their high home,
+        A sympathy with things of earth,
+      And had from their bright mansions come,
+        To join them in their festal mirth.
+    For the land of the Gaul had arose in its might,
+    And swept by as the wind of a wild, wintry night;
+    And the dreamings of greatness--the phantoms of power,
+    Had passed in its breath like the things of an hour.
+    Like the violet vapors that brilliantly play
+    Round the glass of the chemist, then vanish away,
+    The visions of grandeur which dazzlingly shone,
+    Had gleamed for a time, and all suddenly gone.
+    And the fabric of ages--the glory of kings,
+    Accounted most sacred mid sanctified things,
+    Reared up by the hero, preserved by the sage,
+    And drawn out in rich hues on the chronicler's page,
+    Had sunk in the blast, and in ruins lay spread,
+    While the altar of freedom was reared in its stead.
+    And a spark from that shrine in the free-roving breeze,
+    Had crossed from fair France to that isle of the seas;
+    And a flame was there kindled which fitfully shone
+    Mid the shout of the free, and the dark captive's groan;
+    As, mid contrary breezes, a torch-light will play,
+    Now streaming up brightly--now dying away.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      The reptile slumbers in the stone,
+        Nor dream we of his pent abode;
+      The heart conceals the anguished groan,
+        With all the poignant griefs that goad
+                      The brain to madness;
+      Within the hushed volcano's breast,
+        The molten fires of ruin lie;--
+      Thus human passions seem at rest,
+        And on the brow serene and high,
+                      Appears no sadness.
+      But still the fires are raging there,
+      Of vengeance, hatred, and despair;
+      And when they burst, they wildly pour
+        Their lava flood of woe and fear,
+      And in one short--one little hour,
+        Avenge the wrongs of many a year.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      And Oge standeth in his hall;
+        But now he standeth not alone;--
+      A brother's there, and friends; and all
+        Are kindred spirits with his own;
+      For mind will join with kindred mind,
+      As matter's with its like combined.
+      They speak of wrongs they had received--
+      Of freemen, of their rights bereaved;
+      And as they pondered o'er the thought
+      Which in their minds so madly wrought,
+      Their eyes gleamed as the lightning's flash,
+      Their words seemed as the torrent's dash
+      That falleth, with a low, deep sound,
+      Into some dark abyss profound,--
+      A sullen sound that threatens more
+      Than other torrents' louder roar.
+      Ah! they had borne well as they might,
+        Such wrongs as freemen ill can bear;
+      And they had urged both day and night,
+        In fitting words, a freeman's prayer;
+      And when the heart is filled with grief,
+        For wrongs of all true souls accurst,
+      In action it must seek relief,
+        Or else, o'ercharged, it can but burst.
+      Why blame we them, if they oft spake
+      Words that were fitted to awake
+      The soul's high hopes--its noblest parts--
+      The slumbering passions of brave hearts,
+      And send them as the simoom's breath,
+      Upon a work of woe and death?
+      And woman's voice is heard amid
+        The accents of that warrior train;
+      And when has woman's voice e'er bid,
+        And man could from its hest refrain?
+      Hers is the power o'er his soul
+        That's never wielded by another,
+      And she doth claim this soft control
+        As sister, mistress, wife, or mother.
+      So sweetly doth her soft voice float
+        O'er hearts by guilt or anguish riven,
+      It seemeth as a magic note
+        Struck from earth's harps by hands of heaven.
+      And there's the mother of Oge,
+        Who with firm voice, and steady heart,
+      And look unaltered, well can play
+        The Spartan mother's hardy part;
+      And send her sons to battle-fields,
+        And bid them come in triumph home,
+      Or stretched upon their bloody shields,
+        Rather than bear the bondman's doom.
+      "Go forth," she said, "to victory;
+      Or else, go bravely forth to die!
+      Go forth to fields where glory floats
+      In every trumpet's cheering notes!
+      Go forth, to where a freeman's death
+      Glares in each cannon's fiery breath!
+      Go forth and triumph o'er the foe;
+      Or failing that, with pleasure go
+      To molder on the battle-plain,
+      Freed ever from the tyrant's chain!
+      But if your hearts should craven prove,
+      Forgetful of your zeal--your love
+      For rights and franchises of men,
+      My heart will break; but even then,
+      Whilst bidding life and earth adieu,
+      This be the prayer I'll breathe for you:
+      'Passing from guilt to misery,
+      May this for aye your portion be,--
+      A life, dragged out beneath the rod--
+      An end, abhorred of man and God--
+      As monument, the chains you nurse--
+      As epitaph, your mother's curse!'"
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      A thousand hearts are breathing high,
+      And voices shouting "Victory!"
+          Which soon will hush in death;
+        The trumpet clang of joy that speaks,
+        Will soon be drowned in the shrieks
+          Of the wounded's stifling breath,
+        The tyrant's plume in dust lies low--
+        Th' oppressed has triumphed o'er his foe.
+      But ah! the lull in the furious blast
+      May whisper not of ruin past;
+      It may tell of the tempest hurrying on,
+      To complete the work the blast begun.
+    With the voice of a Syren, it may whisp'ringly tell
+      Of a moment of hope in the deluge of rain;
+    And the shout of the free heart may rapt'rously swell,
+      While the tyrant is gath'ring his power again.
+    Though the balm of the leech may soften the smart,
+     It never can turn the swift barb from its aim;
+    And thus the resolve of the true freeman's heart
+     May not keep back his fall, though it free it from shame.
+    Though the hearts of those heroes all well could accord
+    With freedom's most noble and loftiest word;
+    Their virtuous strength availeth them nought
+    With the power and skill that the tyrant brought.
+    Gray veterans trained in many a field
+    Where the fate of nations with blood was sealed,
+    In Italia's vales--on the shores of the Rhine--
+    Where the plains of fair France give birth to the vine--
+    Where the Tagus, the Ebro, go dancing along,
+    Made glad in their course by the Muleteer's song--
+    All these were poured down in the pride of their might,
+    On the land of Oge, in that terrible fight.
+    Ah! dire was the conflict, and many the slain,
+    Who slept the last sleep on that red battle-plain!
+    The flash of the cannon o'er valley and height
+    Danced like the swift fires of a northern night,
+    Or the quivering glare which leaps forth as a token
+    That the King of the Storm from his cloud-throne has spoken.
+    And oh! to those heroes how welcome the fate
+    Of Sparta's brave sons in Thermopylae's strait;
+    With what ardor of soul they then would have given
+    Their last look at earth for a long glance at heaven!
+    Their lives to their country--their backs to the sod--
+    Their heart's blood to the sword, and their souls to their God!
+    But alas! although many lie silent and slain,
+    More blest are they far than those clanking the chain,
+    In the hold of the tyrant, debarred from the day;--
+    And among these sad captives is Vincent Oge!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      Another day's bright sun has risen,
+      And shines upon the insurgent's prison;
+      Another night has slowly passed,
+      And Oge smiles, for 'tis the last
+      He'll droop beneath the tyrant's power--
+      The galling chains! Another hour,
+      And answering to the jailor's call,
+      He stands within the Judgment Hall.
+      They've gathered there;--they who have pressed
+      Their fangs into the soul distressed,
+      To pain its passage to the tomb
+      With mock'ry of a legal doom.
+      They've gathered there;--they who have stood
+      Firmly and fast in hour of blood,--
+      Who've seen the lights of hope all die,
+      As stars fade from a morning sky,--
+      They've gathered there, in that dark hour--
+      The latest of the tyrant's power,--
+      An hour that speaketh of the day
+      Which never more shall pass away,--
+      The glorious day beyond the grave,
+      Which knows no master--owns no slave.
+      And there, too, are the rack--the wheel--
+      The torturing screw--the piercing steel,--
+      Grim powers of death all crusted o'er
+      With other victims' clotted gore.
+      Frowning they stand, and in their cold,
+      Silent solemnity, unfold
+      The strong one's triumph o'er the weak--
+      The awful groan--the anguished shriek--
+      The unconscious mutt'rings of despair--
+      The strained eyeball's idiot stare--
+      The hopeless clench--the quiv'ring frame--
+      The martyr's death--the despot's shame.
+      The rack--the tyrant--victim,--all
+      Are gathered in that Judgment Hall.
+      Draw we the veil, for 'tis a sight
+      But friends can gaze on with delight.
+      The sunbeams on the rack that play,
+      For sudden terror flit away
+      From this dread work of war and death,
+      As angels do with quickened breath,
+      From some dark deed of deepest sin,
+      Ere they have drunk its spirit in.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      No mighty host with banners flying,
+        Seems fiercer to a conquered foe,
+      Than did those gallant heroes dying,
+        To those who gloated o'er their woe;--
+      Grim tigers, who have seized their prey,
+      Then turn and shrink abashed away;
+      And, coming back and crouching nigh,
+      Quail 'neath the flashing of the eye,
+      Which tells that though the life has started,
+      The will to strike has not departed.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+      Sad was your fate, heroic band!
+      Yet mourn we not, for yours' the stand
+      Which will secure to you a fame,
+      That never dieth, and a name
+      That will, in coming ages, be
+      A signal word for Liberty.
+      Upon the slave's o'erclouded sky,
+        Your gallant actions traced the bow,
+      Which whispered of deliv'rance nigh--
+        The meed of one decisive blow.
+      Thy coming fame, Oge! is sure;
+      Thy name with that of L'Ouverture,
+      And all the noble souls that stood
+      With both of you, in times of blood,
+      Will live to be the tyrant's fear--
+      Will live, the sinking soul to cheer!
+
+[Illustration: (signature) George B. Vashon.]
+
+SYRACUSE, N. Y., August 31st, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+The Law of Liberty
+
+
+Freedom, under the proper restraint of Law and Duty, is a _political_
+good, for that which is morally wrong can never be politically right.
+
+Fine moral sense will pour indignation on oppression, as well as
+applause on worth. It will give sympathy to the afflicted, and
+treasures to relieve the needy. Such a spirit will exalt a nation, and
+command the respect of other nations. But general freedom can only
+flourish beneath the undisturbed dominion of equitable laws.
+
+Governments should aim at the welfare of the people, and that
+government which secures the person, the property, the liberty, the
+lives of dutiful subjects, and thus makes the common good the rule and
+measure of its government, will receive a blessing from God.
+
+Let America act on her own avowed principles, that every man is born
+free, and she will be exalted, when tyrannical, persecuting,
+slaveholding nations will come to nought.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Marsh, D. D.]
+
+                                   H. CANON OF WORCESTER.
+
+
+
+
+The Swiftness of Time in God.
+
+FROM THE KNABEN WUNDERHORN. (B.I. p. 73, _et seq._)
+
+
+    The general at Grosswardein
+    Had once a little daughter fine:--
+    Her name was called Theresia,--
+    God-loving, modest, chaste and fair:
+
+    And from her childhood up was she
+    Most deeply given to piety,
+    With prayers and music's solemn tone
+    She ever praised the Three-in-One.
+
+    Whene'er she heard of Jesus' name,
+    Her love and joy flamed brighter flame;
+    Jesus to serve she makes her cross,
+    Devotes herself to be his Spouse.
+
+    A noble lord came her to woo,
+    Her father gave consent thereto;
+    The mother to her daughter said,--
+    "Dear child, this man thou'lt surely wed."
+
+    The daughter said, "Mother of me
+    That can and must not ever be.
+    My heart is fixed on higher worth,
+    A Bridegroom he not of this earth."
+
+    The mother then, "My daughter dear,
+    Ah, do not contradict us here,
+    Thy sire and I we both are old,
+    And God has blessed our toil with gold."
+
+    Thereat the maid began to weep,
+    "I have a lover beloved so deep,
+    To him I've made my promise down;
+    I'll wear for him a virgin crown."
+
+    Thereat the sire, "This must not be,
+    My child away this phantasy,
+    Where wilt thou dwell when past thy prime?
+    We both are old, far gone in time!"
+
+    The noble lord again draws near,
+    And even the bridal feast prepare,
+    For all things soon were ready made,--
+    But sorrow veils the maiden's head.
+
+    Quick to the garden, goeth she,
+    There falls she down upon her knee,
+    Out from her heart her prayer she poured
+    To Jesus her espoused Lord.
+
+    She lay before him on her face,
+    And sighed with sighs to win his grace.
+    The dearest Christ the clouds unrolled,
+    "Look up," said he, "my maid behold!
+
+    "Thou yet shalt be, in briefest time,
+    In heaven with me in joy's full prime,
+    And mid the lovely angels there,
+    In full delight and joy appear."
+
+    He greets the maiden wondrous fair:
+    She stands before him without fear,
+    Down cast her eyes with modest grace,--
+    She felt the beauty of his face.
+
+    Then speaks the youth, the heavenly King,
+    And weds her with a golden ring;--
+    "Look there, my bride! Love's pledge for thee,
+    Oh, wear it on thy hand for me."
+
+    The maiden then sweet vows took,
+    "My Bridegroom dear!" to Christ she spoke,
+    "Herewith art thou firm wed to me,
+    Henceforth my heart loves none but thee."
+
+    Then walked abroad the married pair,
+    And gathered many a blossom fair;--
+    Jesus thus spake to her anew:--
+    "Come, and my lovely garden view!"
+
+    He took the maiden by the hand,
+    And led her from her fatherland,
+    Unto his Father's garden fair
+    Where many beauteous blossoms are.
+
+    The maiden now with joy may win
+    The precious fruits which grow therein;
+    But mortal fancy cannot know
+    The noble fruits therein which grow.
+
+    She hears such music and such song,
+    That length of time seems nothing long,
+    And silver-white the brooklets there
+    Flow ever on so pure and fair.
+
+    The youth again addressed the maid,
+    "My garden here thou hast surveyed.
+    I will again conduct thee home.
+    To thine own land, the time is come."
+
+    The maiden turns with grief away,
+    Comes to the town without delay,
+    The watchman calls, "Stand, who goes there?"
+    She says, "I to my father must repair!"
+
+    "Who is your father, then," quoth he,
+    "The general," she answers free.
+    The watchman then replied and smiled,
+    "The general;--he has no child."
+
+    But by her garments all men see,
+    The maiden is of high degree.
+    The watchman then conducts her straight
+    Before the guardians of the State.
+
+    The maid declares and stands thereto,
+    The general is her father true.
+    And but two hours have scarcely flown,
+    Since she went out to walk alone.
+
+    The guardians saw a wonder great,
+    And asked where she had been of late;
+    Her father's name, his power and race,
+    That she must tell them face to face.
+
+    They searched the ancient records through,
+    And this they found was written true,
+    That once was lost a bride so fine
+    From this same city Grosswardein.
+
+    The length of time they came to try,
+    And sixteen years they find passed by;
+    And yet the maid was fresh and fair,
+    As when first in her fifteenth year.
+
+    Thereby the guardians understand
+    This is the work of God's own hand.
+    They bring the maiden food to eat,
+    She turns white as a winding-sheet.
+
+    "Of earthly things I wish for nought,"
+    Cries she; "but let a priest be brought,
+    That I may take ere death is sent,
+    The body true in sacrament.
+
+    As soon as this last act was done--
+    And many a Christian looked thereon--
+    Free from all pain and mortal smart,
+    Then ceased to beat that holy heart.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Theo. Parker]
+
+
+
+
+Visit of a Fugitive Slave to the Grave of Wilberforce.
+
+
+On a beautiful morning in the month of June, while strolling about
+Trafalgar Square, I was attracted to the base of the Nelson column,
+where a crowd was standing gazing at the bas-relief representations of
+some of the great naval exploits of the man whose statue stands on the
+top of the pillar. The death-wound which the hero received on board
+the Victory, and his being carried from the ship's deck by his
+companions, is executed with great skill. Being no admirer of warlike
+heroes, I was on the point of turning away, when I perceived among the
+figures (which were as large as life) a full-blooded African, with as
+white a set of teeth as ever I had seen, and all the other
+peculiarities of feature that distinguish that race from the rest of
+the human family, with musket in hand and a dejected countenance,
+which told that he had been in the heat of the battle, and shared with
+the other soldiers the pain in the loss of their commander. However,
+as soon as I saw my sable brother, I felt more at home, and remained
+longer than I had intended. Here was the Negro, as black a man as was
+ever imported from the coast of Africa, represented in his proper
+place by the side of Lord Nelson, on one of England's proudest
+monuments. How different, thought I, was the position assigned to the
+colored man on similar monuments in the United States. Some years
+since, while standing under the shade of the monument erected to the
+memory of the brave Americans who fell at the storming of Fort
+Griswold, Connecticut, I felt a degree of pride as I beheld the names
+of two Africans who had fallen in the fight, yet I was grieved but not
+surprised to find their names colonized off, and a line drawn between
+them and the whites. This was in keeping with American historical
+injustice to its colored heroes.
+
+[Illustration: Wm. W. Brown. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+The conspicuous place assigned to this representative of an injured
+race, by the side of one of England's greatest heroes, brought vividly
+before my eye the wrongs of Africa and the philanthropic man of Great
+Britain, who had labored so long and so successfully for the abolition
+of the slave trade, and the emancipation of the slaves of the West
+Indies; and I at once resolved to pay a visit to the grave of
+Wilberforce.
+
+A half an hour after, I entered Westminster Abbey, at Poets' Corner,
+and proceeded in search of the patriot's tomb; I had, however, gone
+but a few steps, when I found myself in front of the tablet erected to
+the memory of Granville Sharpe, by the African Institution of London,
+in 1816; upon the marble was a long inscription, recapitulating many
+of the deeds of this benevolent man, and from which I copied the
+following:--"He aimed to rescue his native country from the guilt and
+inconsistency of employing the arm of freedom to rivet the fetters of
+bondage, and establish for the negro race, in the person of Somerset,
+the long-disputed rights of human nature. Having in this glorious
+cause triumphed over the combined resistance of interest, prejudice,
+and pride, he took his post among the foremost of the honorable band
+associated to deliver Africa from the rapacity of Europe, by the
+abolition of the slave-trade; nor was death permitted to interrupt
+his career of usefulness, till he had witnessed that act of the
+British Parliament by which the abolition was decreed." After viewing
+minutely the profile of this able defender of the negro's rights,
+which was finely chiselled on the tablet, I took a hasty glance at
+Shakspeare, on the one side, and Dryden on the other, and then passed
+on, and was soon in the north aisle, looking upon the mementoes placed
+in honor of genius. There stood a grand and expressive monument to Sir
+Isaac Newton, which was in every way worthy of the great man to whose
+memory it was erected. A short distance from that was a statue to
+Addison, representing the great writer clad in his morning gown,
+looking as if he had just left the study, after finishing some chosen
+article for the _Spectator_. The stately monument to the Earl of
+Chatham is the most attractive in this part of the Abbey. Fox, Pitt,
+Grattan, and many others, are here represented by monuments. I had to
+stop at the splendid marble erected to the memory of Sir Fowell
+Buxton, Bart. A long inscription enumerates his many good qualities,
+and concludes by saying:--"This monument is erected by his friends and
+fellow-laborers, at home and abroad, assisted by the grateful
+contributions of many thousands of the African race." A few steps
+further and I was standing over the ashes of Wilberforce. In no other
+place so small do so many great men lie together. The following is the
+inscription on the monument erected to the memory of this devoted
+friend of the oppressed and degraded negro race:--
+
+"To the memory of WILLIAM WILBERFORCE, born in Hull, August 24, 1759,
+died in London, July 29, 1833. For nearly half a century a member of
+the House of Commons, and for six parliaments during that period, one
+of the two representatives for Yorkshire. In an age and country
+fertile in great and good men, he was among the foremost of those who
+fixed the character of their times; because to high and various
+talents, to warm benevolence, and to universal candor, he added the
+abiding eloquence of a Christian life. Eminent as he was in every
+department of public labor, and a leader in every work of charity,
+whether to relieve the temporal or the spiritual wants of his fellow
+men, his name will ever be specially identified with those exertions
+which, by the blessings of God, removed from England the guilt of the
+African slave-trade, and prepared the way for the abolition of
+slavery in every colony of the empire. In the prosecution of these
+objects, he relied not in vain on God; but, in the progress, he was
+called to endure great obloquy and great opposition. He outlived,
+however, all enmity, and, in the evening of his days, withdrew from
+public life and public observation, to the bosom of his family. Yet he
+died not unnoticed or forgotten by his country; the Peers and Commons
+of England, with the Lord Chancellor and the Speaker at their head, in
+solemn procession from their respective houses, carried him to his
+fitting place among the mighty dead around, here to repose, till,
+through the merits of Jesus Christ his only Redeemer and Saviour, whom
+in his life and in his writings he had desired to glorify, he shall
+rise in the resurrection of the just."
+
+The monument is a fine one; his figure is seated on a pedestal, very
+ingeniously done, and truly expressive of his age, and the pleasure he
+seemed to derive from his own thoughts. Either the orator or the poet
+have said or sung the praises of most of the great men who lie buried
+in Westminster Abbey, in enchanting strains. The statues of heroes,
+princes, and statesmen are there to proclaim their power, worth, or
+brilliant genius, to posterity. But as time shall step between them
+and the future, none will be sought after with more enthusiasm or
+greater pleasure than that of Wilberforce. No man's philosophy was
+ever moulded in a nobler cast than his; it was founded in the school
+of Christianity, which was, that all men are by nature equal; that
+they are wisely and justly endowed by their Creator with certain
+rights which are irrefragable, and no matter how human pride and
+avarice may depress and debase, still God is the author of good to
+man; and of evil, man is the artificer to himself and to his species.
+Unlike Plato and Socrates, his mind was free from the gloom that
+surrounded theirs. Let the name, the worth, the zeal, and other
+excellent qualifications of this noble man, ever live in our hearts,
+let his deeds ever be the theme of our praise, and let us teach our
+children to honor and love the name of William Wilberforce.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) W. Wells Brown.]
+
+LONDON.
+
+
+
+
+Narrative of Albert and Mary.
+
+
+It was a beautiful morning as ever glittered over the broad Atlantic.
+The sun had the brightness and the sky the soft cerulean with which
+the month of June adorns the latitude of Carolina. The sea was not
+heavy nor rolling, but its motion was just enough to make its waves
+sparkle under the slanting rays of the morning sun.
+
+Mary stood with her betrothed in the bow of the boat, as it gracefully
+ploughed its way towards New York. She was only eighteen, and Albert
+was just twenty.
+
+Mary was on her way to Troy, to complete her studies in the excellent
+institution for young ladies, which has sent out some of the brightest
+ornaments of their sex, to refine and bless the world. She had been
+entrusted to Albert's care, who was to spend his summer in New York,
+in the pursuit of the legal profession. They were both Carolinians,
+and had no little of that ardent spirit which distinguishes the youth
+of the South; while their well-developed forms, their intellectual
+countenances, and their sensible speech, placed them in association
+beyond their years.
+
+As Mary leaned upon the arm of her gallant protector, their
+conversation sparkled as the ocean spray that dashed against steamer's
+bow. But suddenly, as the jet black eye of Albert Gillon caught the
+soft blue of Mary's, he started at the discovery of a tear trembling
+upon her eye-lash.
+
+"Sweet Mary, what saddens you?"
+
+"Ah! Albert, the greatest trial of my feelings is the thought that you
+have never yet consecrated yourself to Christ."
+
+"I have," replied Albert, "no natural repugnance to religion. On the
+contrary, I see and acknowledge God in all his works and in all his
+providence, as the author and supreme ruler of all things. But, Mary,
+I do not understand the God of the Bible. I do not understand how they
+who claim to be God's own people, and have the distinguishing title of
+Christians, are, many of them, far worse in moral character, than
+those who make no such profession. I do not mean hypocrites; but those
+who are actually respected as orthodox Christians. There is Mr. Verse,
+of Philadelphia, for instance, who has a high place as a religious
+editor, and discusses the doctrines of Christianity with a zeal which
+shows he takes deep interest in his work, and yet young as I am, and
+gay as I am, I can see that in his practical application of
+Christianity, he teaches sentiments at variance with the plainest
+principles of moral truth; and he sets himself against those whose
+moral character is above reproach; and rebukes them as infidels in
+their very efforts to elevate the moral tone of society. How is it
+that Mr. Verse is recognized as a Christian, and these excellent men
+are avoided as infidels? Why is he fit for heaven, and they must be
+cast down to hell? I don't understand it."
+
+"I know," replied Mary, "that wiser heads than mine find difficulty in
+answering your question; and it would be presumptuous in me to signify
+that I can solve it to your satisfaction. But still, Albert, your
+observations only confirm, in my own mind, your total ignorance of
+what constitutes a Christian. Albert, it is not morality; it is not
+consistency of practice with profession; it is not the _doing_ right
+that makes a Christian, for if man could have attained to entire
+correctness in morals, there would have been no such thing as
+Christianity. But it is because of man's wickedness and his
+inconsistency, both in theory and in practice, that the Christian
+religion is presented as the means of attaining to _salvation_. Christ
+makes the Christian--the Christian in Christ and Christ in the
+Christian--a loving, affectionate, endearing union--of ignorance with
+wisdom, of infirmity with strength, of immorality with virtue. Christ
+throws his robe of righteousness over the follies and the wickedness
+of the converted soul, and by covering him with himself, gradually
+similates him to himself until what is carnal being cast off, the
+spiritual remains at death a pure child of God."
+
+"Dear me, Mary, you look lovely as you speak this mysterious theology.
+And I really pant after such feelings as I see beaming from your
+countenance; but you might just as well speak to me in Arabic for any
+understanding I can have of this thing called Christianity. It must be
+something good, or it could not thus fill your own soul, intelligent
+as you are, with a joy that makes you indifferent to those gaieties
+of life which give me pleasure."
+
+"You need," said Mary, "the teachings of God's spirit. You know I took
+delight in those things a year ago, but God's spirit taught me that I
+was sinning in partaking of them. I was at Fayolle's, dancing, and, in
+the midst of a figure in the cotillon, my head became giddy, and I had
+to be supported to a seat. I soon recovered, but the thought of a
+sudden death distressed me, for it came very forcibly to my mind--I am
+a wicked sinner."
+
+"O, Mary, Mary," interrupted Albert, "you did not think yourself a
+sinner!"
+
+"Yes, Albert, I did. I had never thought so before, but had rather
+prided myself upon being called a good girl by all my acquaintances.
+But I now saw things in a different light; and when I went home and
+began self-examination, I soon found I had a very wicked heart. I
+tried to do better, but the more I tried to live unto God the more I
+discovered the proneness of my heart to sin. I tried to think good
+thoughts, and evil thoughts came directly in my way to mar my peace.
+Day after day I made effort to purify my thoughts. It was all in vain.
+A pure thought immediately suggested its opposite, and I found myself
+more familiar with the evil than the good. It shocked me. But I
+penetrated deeper and deeper into my own heart--into the iniquity of
+my soul, until I despaired of ever sounding its depth. I then cried to
+God to have mercy on me. He heard my prayer, and Jesus Christ came to
+my help. I felt that he had suffered in my stead, and had poured out
+his blood as an atonement for my sins. I found peace to my soul as I
+cast myself, a poor, helpless sinner, upon his atoning altar, and
+bathed myself in his all-cleansing blood."
+
+Mary could proceed no farther, for the tears began to flow too
+rapidly, and her emotion might have been noticed by others than
+Albert.
+
+The wind, too, began to rise, and it blew so fresh that they retired
+to the cabin, where Albert occupied himself with a game of chess, and
+Mary read, with evident pleasure, such parts of her dearly-prized
+Bible which suited the state of her mind, occasionally calling
+Albert's attention to some passage particularly striking.
+
+In the afternoon, Mary took her seat in a position to enjoy the best
+view of the western sky, in which floated, in all their gorgeousness,
+the variegated sun-lit clouds.
+
+Albert soon joined her. "Well, Mary, you seem to be meditating; but
+allow me to participate in the luxury of your reflections upon that
+splendid horizon."
+
+"Indeed, Albert, I was thinking how much more impressive is such
+scenery than the traveller on land enjoys. In the rapid succession of
+scenery and variety of faces, as the coach or the steam car drives
+rapidly onward, everything one sees increases the mind's confusion.
+Whatever he casts his eye upon, worthy of admiration, attracts his
+attention but a moment; and the sublimity of mountain heights, the
+gaudy decorations of fertile valleys, and the frowning grandeur of
+rocks, as they cast their dark shadow upon some foaming torrent, flit
+by him as a dream of twilight, and leave upon his memory only pencil
+outlines of the beautiful and the sublime. Not so the voyager on the
+ocean. Here the beautiful imprints itself ineffaceably in all its
+sparkling and its gorgeous variety upon the enchanted mind, and the
+grand and the sublime raise such a tempest of wonder in the soul that
+the ocean ever after rolls its foaming waves over the broad expanse of
+memory."
+
+"Mary," said Albert, "these clouds, floating so gracefully on the
+ocean, and this gorgeous horizon inspiring your poetic fancy, are
+something more than mere sky drapery, for you'll perceive that the
+wind is becoming boisterous, and I fear we are going to have a stormy
+night."
+
+"You do not feel alarmed, do you Albert?"
+
+"I cannot say I feel alarmed; but I would be more comfortable at this
+time if I had not so precious a charge. There may be no real danger,
+but there can be no harm in preparing for what might happen. If we
+should have a storm I wish you would take your seat on that large box,
+so as to appropriate it and keep it. Your father brought me two
+life-preservers and a good cord, when we came on board, and charged me
+to use them in case of accident. You smile, Mary, at my earnestness,
+and perhaps my love for you induces anxiety which circumstances do not
+warrant. Still you can keep in mind my directions."
+
+Albert walked towards the bow of the steamer, while Mary again fixed
+her attention upon the variegated clouds. She did not participate in
+Albert's apprehensions, and thought his anxiety needless. Yet his
+earnest request made that sort of impression upon her mind which
+rather conduced to religious contemplation.
+
+The broad disk of the sun could be seen through the floating cloud,
+and as Albert returned, Mary remarked:--"Albert, an hour ago I tried
+to look at the sun, but his light dazzled my eyes to blindness. I
+could not mark its shape nor perceive its beauty. But now the cloud
+floats before it, and through its light vapor I see the sun's circular
+infinity, and admire its beauty and its glory undazzled by its
+effulgence. So it is I see God through Christ, as he transmits the
+glory of his Father. And it is by thus seeing God through Christ,
+instead of by the eyes of intellect and mere mental observation, that
+I obtain hope in God and feel prepared to enter upon the realities of
+that world which is eternally lighted by the invisible presence of
+Jehovah. Seeing him in Christ Jesus, I feel an assurance of his mercy,
+and am freed from those apprehensions which your scepticism and
+distrust occasion yourself."
+
+"My dear Mary," replied Albert, "do not suppose my counsel to you
+originated in any fear for myself personally. It may be from want of
+reflection, but really I do not know what the fear of death is. Your
+safety, Mary, is the cause of my present anxiety. I do not doubt your
+preparation for eternity, but I am not willing to resign you yet to
+the companionship of angels. If you perish beneath these billows, and
+I survive, my hope for happiness in this life is blasted. What is to
+be beyond the grave I know not; and my religion concerns the life that
+now is. I must make the best of time, and leave eternity to be taken
+account of when I am fairly launched into it. Perhaps enjoying this
+world with you, I might learn from you to prepare for eternity. At
+present my care must be to get my dear Mary safely over this
+treacherous ocean."
+
+The sun now sank beneath the western horizon. The variegated colors of
+the sky were rapidly commingling into one dense canopy of gloom.
+
+The passengers earnestly inquired of the captain about the prospect.
+He hoped to run into the port of Wilmington, but he exhorted them to
+have brave hearts for the danger was imminent. The storm was rapidly
+increasing. All urged that the pressure of steam be increased to the
+utmost capacity of the boat.
+
+O, what an anxious crowd were upon the deck of that steamer, as they
+strained their eyes towards the land, and anon lost their balance by
+the dashing of the billows! The lightning played with terrific
+splendor, alternating with the blackness of the heavens; and the roar
+of the waves was only hushed by the awful artillery of the skies.
+
+Mary was sitting where Albert had directed, awaiting with great
+calmness the result of the storm.
+
+Albert carefully fastened her with a cord to the box, having first
+placed beneath her arms the life-preserver. Placing another
+life-preserver around himself, he stood by Mary's side with watchful
+anxiety. Suddenly a heavy sea threw the boat forcibly to one side, and
+Albert mechanically stretching forth his hand to save himself,
+accidentally got caught in the rope that he had entwined about the
+box, and with Mary was tossed into the sea and overwhelmed with the
+waves.
+
+The steamer was several hundred yards ahead of them before Albert
+succeeded in adjusting his position to maintain a good hold upon the
+box. His first thought was to examine how Mary was situated. The
+lightning gave him sufficient assurance that she was alive and unhurt.
+At that moment a dreadful explosion directed their eyes towards the
+steamer, and the awful sight was exhibited of their late associates
+blown into the air and then sinking beneath the waves.
+
+The loss of the Pulaski has made many a flowing tear. But few were
+left to tell the horrors of that night. The public are familiar with
+their description of the sad disaster. But they knew not the fate of
+Albert and Mary, and only added them to the catalogue of the lost.
+
+It was with the greatest difficulty that Albert could afford his
+charge any aid, and they must both soon have perished if the storm had
+been long protracted. But fortunately, the wind shifting, the clouds
+were soon dispersed, and the stars shone out brightly.
+
+Before morning they were rescued from their perilous situation, and
+found themselves, on recovering from their exhaustion, in the
+comfortable cabin of a fast-sailing brig. The storm, although
+exceedingly perilous to a steamboat, was not such as to damage a
+well-trimmed vessel; and the brig, soon after the explosion, bore down
+towards the wreck, and recovered from a watery grave the interesting
+subjects of our narrative.
+
+Mary was taken on board in a state of entire unconsciousness, while
+Albert was too much interested for her to make any special observation
+of the persons by whom they were rescued.
+
+After seeing her sufficiently restored to animation to be left to
+repose, he retired from her state-room and suffered himself to be
+assisted to a berth.
+
+The sun was high in the heavens when they were awaked from their
+slumber and invited to breakfast. Every accommodation in the way of
+dry clothing was supplied them, and they met in the saloon of the brig
+to embrace, in the transport of grateful hearts.
+
+Having recovered their self-possession, they looked around for
+their deliverers. None were in the saloon with them but a
+highly-accomplished looking lady and the steward and stewardess.
+
+The lady saluted them in the blandest and most refined manner, and
+expressed her sincere gratification that they had been so soon
+delivered from their perilous situation, and were already so well
+recovered from their exhaustion.
+
+"To whom, Madam," said Albert, "are we indebted for these expressions
+of kindness and tender solicitude?"
+
+"I am, sir, the wife of the captain and master of this brig. My
+husband will pay you his respects as soon as you have partaken of some
+of this warm Java and these hot rolls."
+
+"I would not," said Mary, "be doing justice to my own feelings were I
+to sit down to breakfast without first asking your liberty, Madam, to
+read a beautiful psalm which occurs to my mind at this moment."
+
+"Certainly," said the lady; "and, steward, invite the chaplain in to
+offer prayer. Doubtless it will be perfectly agreeable to our young
+guests."
+
+A reverend and benevolent looking gentleman, in black, soon entered
+from the deck, and, in the kindest manner and address, saluted the
+young couple, expressing, with deep emotion, his sympathy with them
+and his anxiety in their behalf.
+
+Mary pointed out to him the Psalm she had selected. He read it; made a
+few highly-appropriate comments, and, while all knelt, such a strain
+of grateful praise and of fervent prayer flowed from the lips of the
+warm-hearted minister as seldom is surpassed.
+
+Mr. Gracelius, for this was the minister's name, was of the orthodox
+faith, and had long been engaged in preaching the doctrines of the
+Calvinistic school. Yet he was not bigoted or rigid. His heart was
+full of the milk of human kindness, and he carried conviction to his
+hearers, not more by the strength of his logic than the benignity of
+his address. He was just such a minister as the devout and
+accomplished Mary St. Clair would have full confidence in. She was
+delighted to think that she had been so fortunate as to meet such a
+friend and spiritual counsellor at such a time; and she at once gave
+utterance to the warm feelings of her heart, and begged that Mr.
+Gracelius would feel at perfect liberty to counsel and advise her.
+
+"My advice then is, my dear young sister, that first of all you sit
+down to your breakfast, and allow Mrs. Templeton to help you and the
+young gentleman to your coffee."
+
+Albert and Mary could not but feel that they had fallen among true
+friends. And, having eaten a cheerful breakfast, they both expressed
+their sincere gratitude to their kind hostess, which she received with
+equally deep emotion.
+
+Captain Templeton now entered, and with great courteousness, blended
+with warmth of address, gave his hand to Albert, and, with a graceful
+bow to Mary, expressed the pleasure he felt in having rescued them
+from a watery grave. "And now, my young friends," said the Captain, "I
+wish you to make yourselves perfectly at home in my vessel; and as
+soon as I can with safety restore you to your friends, I shall do so."
+
+"Permit me to inquire," said Albert, "to what port you are destined?"
+
+"We do not go into any harbor in the United States," replied the
+Captain; "but should we meet with a merchant vessel under favorable
+circumstances, you will be placed on board."
+
+"Is not this a merchant vessel?" inquired Albert.
+
+"No, sir. This is an armed brig."
+
+"Of what nation?" asked Albert.
+
+The Captain smiled as, with a courteous bow, he replied, "We are
+pirates;" and immediately went on deck, leaving Albert and Mary in
+perfect amazement.
+
+Recovering himself in a moment, Albert said to Mrs. Templeton: "Your
+husband is very jocose!"
+
+"No, sir; he was serious in what he said. We are pirates. But you need
+be under no apprehension of danger, nor feel the slightest alarm. I
+know that you have been trained to believe that pirates are
+necessarily devoid of humane feelings, and are ever thirsting for
+blood. But I trust we are as hospitable and kind a people to our
+guests, as are to be found on land."
+
+Albert and Mary were indeed the guests of a piratical crew; but they
+were soon relieved of all apprehension of personal danger; for there
+was that in the deportment of all on board which satisfied them of a
+sincere desire to serve and accommodate them in every way.
+
+A few days brought them into such intimacy with the crew that they
+spoke with freedom, even on the subject of piracy. They were indeed
+astonished to find that even Mr. Gracelius advocated the claims of
+pirates as a civilized and religious people.
+
+On board the brig they had morning and evening prayers, and a lecture
+one evening in the week, and two sermons on the Sabbath. What seemed
+particularly remarkable was the sound evangelical faith of the Captain
+and his family, and the unexceptionable doctrines that were preached
+by their minister. There was so much fervor, earnestness, and pathos
+in the sermons of Mr. Gracelius, that Mary was constrained to admit to
+Mrs. Templeton that she had never heard better.
+
+They had been on the brig about three weeks, without any event
+calculated to disturb the sensibilities of our young friends, beyond
+the unaccountably strange sentiments of the piratical crew. Everything
+was conducted with so much order and propriety, good taste and moral
+deportment, that they could scarcely believe at times otherwise than
+that a mere sportive hoax was being played upon them.
+
+But the tranquil, social pastimes were now interrupted by a new scene
+of action.
+
+It was a pleasant morning; a gentle breeze filled the sails. An
+unusual arrangement of the vessel attracted the attention of Albert.
+Soon he observed men at the guns, and Captain Templeton standing in a
+commanding position. The brig was bearing down upon a French
+merchantman.
+
+Albert hastened to Mary, and disclosed to her the state of things.
+Mary at first trembled, but soon composed herself with trust in God.
+Albert, taking her arm into his, led her to where Captain Templeton
+was standing:
+
+"Captain," said Albert, "I perceive you are bearing down upon that
+merchant vessel. Is it your object to place us on board, or do you
+design to capture her?"
+
+"Mr. Gillon," replied the Captain, "I shall see to it that you and
+your young charge are safely provided for; and that you may be
+perfectly easy on that score, I now inform you that when I take
+possession of that merchantman, I shall make arrangements for you to
+be taken in her to a suitable port, whence you can find your way to
+your friends. Be composed now, and pay such attention to Miss St.
+Clair as the unusual occasion may seem in your judgment to require. In
+a few moments we shall have something to do, and perhaps a necessity
+to use our guns. But I hope not. If you will retire to the cabin, Mrs.
+Templeton will entertain you there better than you are likely to be on
+deck."
+
+There was so much politeness in the Captain's manner, and yet evident
+fixedness of purpose, that Albert attempted no answer. There was now
+no doubt that their hospitable entertainers were pirates. They retired
+to the cabin, and sat there in profound silence. Soon Mrs. Templeton
+came in, and in her gentle winning manner began to prepare Mary for
+the scenes that might transpire.
+
+"You must not be alarmed, my dear. You will be perfectly safe. I only
+regret we are so soon likely to lose your company."
+
+"O Mrs. Templeton!" said Mary, "how can you prosecute such a life! It
+is so wicked! Excuse me, ma'am, but I cannot suppress my feelings of
+horror."
+
+At this moment the conversation was interrupted by the entrance of
+Captain Templeton, who, with a calm countenance, said:--
+
+"Wife, I perceive that there are several guns on that vessel, and I
+judge that the crew and passengers are somewhat numerous. We shall
+have to proceed with caution, and as we are likely to have somewhat of
+a warm time, I think I should feel better satisfied to have a season
+of prayer."
+
+Albert knit his brow in moody silence. Mary heaved a deep sigh. Mr.
+Gracelius was called in, and having read the 20th Psalm, he offered up
+the following prayer:--
+
+"Oh! Thou mighty God of Jacob, who didst accompany Thine ancient
+Israel through all their trials, and didst fight their battles for
+them, we thank Thee that Thou hast taught us to put our trust in Thee.
+And we beseech Thee, oh! blessed Father, for the sake of Thine own Son
+Jesus Christ, to help us at this time in our endeavor to appropriate
+to the support of this branch of thy Zion, the treasures which, for
+the mere purposes of an unhallowed commerce, are being transported to
+that people who have ever distinguished themselves by their
+infidelity, and by their scorn of all true religion; who have also by
+their mighty leaders devastated kingdoms and shed seas of blood to
+gratify a vain-glorious ambition.
+
+"Oh! Lord, we would not shed blood needlessly, and we therefore pray
+Thee to enable us in the approaching conflict, to have a single eye to
+Thy glory, and thus preserve a calm and kind temper, whatsoever may be
+the resistance offered on this occasion. And wilt Thou, O Lord, assist
+our beloved captain to do his duty, and to so command his men and
+order the battle, that when all shall be over, he may have a
+conscience void of offence towards God and towards man. And whatsoever
+treasures may come to us, may we gratefully employ in Thy service and
+to Thy glory, remembering that Jesus Christ, who died for us and rose
+again for our justification, first became poor, that we through his
+poverty might be made rich, and therefore that we ought to use our
+wealth to the advancement of Christianity in our own souls and among
+our fellow-beings, as the best evidence of our gratitude for our
+earthly prosperity, and for those treasures which are laid up for us
+in heaven; and to Thy gracious name, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, be
+the praise forever. _Amen_."
+
+The tone of the chaplain's voice, the fervid manner and the striking
+pathos of this short prayer, had a strong effect upon Captain
+Templeton and his wife. They both rose from their knees with tears in
+their eyes.
+
+The Captain grasped the hand of Mr. Gracelius, and earnestly said: "I
+feel strengthened, my brother; and I can now say, If the Lord be for
+us, who can be against us!" He then passed out and resumed his
+position on the deck.
+
+"Miss St. Clair," said Mrs. Templeton, "do you think that can be
+wickedness which the Lord sanctifies with his communion?"
+
+Before Mary could reply, the loud report of a cannon gave notice that
+the action had commenced.
+
+The struggle was a short one, the French vessel was captured, with the
+loss of her commander, who fell at the first fire. It took but a short
+time to have all on the merchantman in fetters, and the vessel manned
+by the pirates.
+
+It was not until the morning after the capture that matters became
+composed on the pirates' vessel, and everything in usual order.
+
+At breakfast Mary took the liberty to ask the Captain what he designed
+to do with his prisoners.
+
+"I always endeavor," he replied, "to remember the obligations of
+humanity and Christianity. Sometimes, for our own safety, we are
+compelled to put our captives to death, but I do so always with great
+reluctance, and never without prayer to God that their souls might be
+saved. In this case I think we shall not be under this painful
+necessity."
+
+"Captain," said Albert, "it is perfectly unaccountable to me how a man
+of your naturally humane and benevolent disposition can engage in this
+business of robbery and murder."
+
+"Well, Mr. Gillon," replied the Captain, "I make every allowance for
+one who has been educated as you have been, and taught that pirates
+were only worthy of the gallows; although I cannot but feel that your
+language is not such as your refined and polished manners would
+warrant me to expect and require. Our business is not robbery and
+murder. The laws under which we live, both social and political, are
+as decidedly opposed to such crimes as among any other people."
+
+"I did not," replied Albert, "intend to be ungentlemanly in my
+language, and was not aware that these terms were offensive to you.
+But, sir, you only increase my amazement. I cannot comprehend how you
+can characterize your business by terms more appropriate. Is it not so
+that piracy is but the practice of robbery and murder, when it takes
+away a man's possessions, and then destroys his life to make the booty
+secure?"
+
+"I perceive, Mr. Gillon, that you labor under the delusion that all
+pirates are bad and cruel men. I confess, sir, there are many of our
+people who treat their prisoners with unnecessary severity, and
+frequently inflict death when the occasion does not demand it. But, my
+dear sir, this is the abuse of piracy, not its legitimate use."
+
+"And do you really mean to say, Captain Templeton," said Mary, "that
+piracy can be made an honorable business?"
+
+"Of course I do, miss," replied the Captain, "and I regret that Miss
+St. Clair can suppose I would engage in a business that I did not
+believe to be honorable."
+
+"But, Captain, you profess to be a Christian, and it is a great
+mystery to me how you can reconcile your profession with your
+practice. Surely you do not believe that the Scriptures justify such a
+life."
+
+"That is precisely my belief, Miss," replied the Captain. "Piracy is a
+Bible institution, and if it were not so, I would abandon it at once."
+
+"Ah!" said Albert, "that accounts for it. It is that belief in the
+Bible that leads the mind and the heart astray from the clear
+principles of a sound moral philosophy. Even my good Mary, here, is so
+warped by her reverence for the Bible, that she defends the
+institution of slavery, which I abhor with all my heart. But, Captain,
+although I am not surprised at your belief that the Bible sanctions
+piracy, since it is quoted by Christians in support of all sorts of
+wickedness, I am surprised that a man of your good sense and keen
+moral perception in regard to other matters of life, should not
+perceive that slavery, and piracy, and war, and everything of the
+sort, are irreconcilable with sound morality."
+
+"I do not know," replied the Captain, "what might be the conclusions
+of abstract reasoning upon the subject outside of the Bible, for I
+have never thought very profoundly about it. But I feel satisfied so
+long as I have the assurance that the revealed Word is on my side."
+
+"But, Captain," said Mary, "I am not willing to allow that the Bible
+is on your side. It shocks me to hear you say so."
+
+"Well, Miss St. Clair, I must turn you over to brother Gracelius, who
+is well posted up in Bible matters. He will be able to show you that
+piracy is a Bible institution."
+
+"Yes, my young sister," said Mr. Gracelius, who had not been
+inattentive to the conversation, while he was enjoying an excellent
+cup of coffee. "The Scriptures do most certainly sanction the
+institution of piracy."
+
+Here Mr. Gracelius took from his pocket a small Bible, and proceeded
+to say: "On such a question, I am strongly disposed to pass by all
+ethical and metaphysical dissertation, and appeal at once to the only
+standard of right and wrong which can prove decisive. It is the
+responses of the sacred oracles to which we must after all appeal."
+
+"I could wish, Mr. Gracelius," said Albert, "that you would discuss
+this question rather upon the foundation principles of morality, than
+by arguments from a volume which sanctions war, slavery, death
+penalties, and a host of other evils, by the very confessions of
+Christians themselves."
+
+"I perceive," said Mr. Gracelius, "that you, sir, have never yet
+learned the true grace of God through regeneration, or you too would
+bow submissively to the teachings of the sacred Scriptures, and
+acknowledge them as the highest standard of right and morality. I
+cannot, therefore, hope to seriously affect your mind by an appeal to
+the Bible. But Miss St. Clair, being a Christian, will feel the force
+of such high authority."
+
+"Truly, Mr. Gracelius," said Mary, "I do take the Bible as my highest
+standard of truth; and it is from the principles taught by the Bible
+that I have the assurance that piracy is awfully criminal. And I am
+utterly astonished that a man of your apparent piety, and who so well
+understands the doctrines of Christianity, can for a moment think that
+the Bible justifies such crimes."
+
+"My dear young sister," said the minister, "you are begging the
+question when you call piracy a crime, for that is the very thing you
+are to prove. But let us see what piracy is:
+
+"In order to clear away rubbish, and to arrive at once at the point,
+let me remind you that it is simply the _essential_ character of
+piracy which we are discussing. Piracy itself is nothing more than the
+appropriating of the products of another's labor and skill, without
+his consent or contract. The absence of the contract, or the consent
+of the producer, does not alter the nature and extent of the pirates'
+right. The case is analogous to that of parents and children. A father
+has a right to the productions of his child's labor during his
+minority, without the contract or consent of the child, and he may
+even transfer that right. But I grant that this does not justify the
+father in doing anything to the detriment of the child, either
+morally, intellectually, or physically. And, beyond doubt, this is the
+true light in which Christianity would have pirates regard their
+relations. The capture of a vessel, and the treatment of prisoners,
+involve a great responsibility. Nothing more should be done than is
+absolutely essential to the maintenance of the peculiar institutions
+of piracy. It is not the relation of the pirate to the producer or
+prisoner which is sinful, but infidelity to the solemn trust which
+that relation creates. It does not follow, because he has a right to
+the produce of another's labor or skill, that he has also a right to
+inflict unnecessary violence on his person, or take from him all means
+of livelihood. Whenever it can be done, without jeopardizing the
+well-being and interests of our society and institutions, we ought to
+spare the prisoner's life, make him comfortable while in our hands,
+place him as soon as possible where he can return to his home, and
+leave him means enough to keep him from starving or absolute
+destitution.
+
+"To include in the idea of piracy, that also of robbery and murder, is
+to confound two things entirely distinct, and which really have no
+sort of connection. If I take from another that which I have no right
+to by the laws of the society or government under which I live, then I
+am a robber; for that alone is property which the law makes property,
+as one of your own great statesmen has very properly said; and if I
+take life, when not essential to maintain my own rights under the laws
+of that government which I recognize in my social obligations, I am a
+murderer. I therefore insist upon it, that, in discussing this
+subject, we regard as appropriate to the question only the _essential_
+elements of piracy, and not its abuses; for piracy may exist without
+inflicting these aggravated wrongs.
+
+"Christian pirates have great regard for the welfare, temporal and
+spiritual, of their fellow-beings, and oftentimes exercise the spirit
+of the most self-denying missionaries. Such men and women do honor to
+human nature. They are the true friends of their race.
+
+"Now, here is piracy--a system of society and government which gives
+opportunity to inculcate among graceless men who fall into our hands
+the principles of the Gospel of Christ; and many an ungodly man has
+had the opportunity in our cabin of hearing the doctrines of the
+cross, who, whilst immersed in the business, and cares, and pleasures
+of life, never darkened the door of a meeting-house on land. And many
+of them have been converted to the Christian faith, and have become
+excellent and worthy Christian pirates.
+
+"Those of our captains who have Christian sailors under them have the
+best-managed vessels; and really their crews do more of effective
+work, both in battle and in ship duties, than any ungodly crew that
+can be found.
+
+"No, Sister Mary, depend upon it, you have imbibed a prejudice against
+piracy, and you suppose it to involve all sorts of crime. But the true
+question of issue between us is pruned to this:--Is it necessarily a
+crime in the sight of God to control the property, or curtail the
+personal liberty, or take the life of a human being in any case?
+
+"Every government has necessarily a right to pass laws indispensable
+to its existence; and it has a right, also, to establish those
+regulations which shall best promote the good of the whole population.
+Now, what political organization is most desirable for a particular
+people, depends on circumstances; but, whatever be that adopted,
+whether democracy, or despotism, or piratical confederation, the
+rights of man, as a human being, are trenched upon; and visionary have
+proved and will prove all projects of constructing and fashioning
+society according to philosophical notions and theories of abstract
+unalienable rights. That piracy or any civil institution interferes
+with the property of a man, or a class of men (as, for instance,
+merchants), does not then make it necessarily, and, amid all
+circumstances, a crime."
+
+Mr. Gracelius here paused, and gave Mary an opportunity to put in a
+word.
+
+"But," said she, "after taking off what you call the rubbish, Mr.
+Gracelius, and pruning the question down as much as you please, I
+cannot possibly admit that the Bible anywhere justifies piracy under
+any circumstances whatsoever, either abstractly or practically. I call
+upon you for anything in all the Bible that gives the slightest
+countenance to such a mode of life, or such a government, as you are
+pleased to term it."
+
+"I should rather require of you," replied the learned divine, "to make
+out from the Bible your charge that piracy is a crime. I know not a
+word from the first of Genesis to the end of Revelation where piracy
+is once condemned. But I pass this, and, waiving my clear logical
+rights, undertake to prove the negative, and to show that the Bible
+does, most explicitly, both by precept and example, bear me out in my
+assertion, that piracy is not necessarily, and always, and amidst all
+circumstances, a sin. WHAT GOD SANCTIONED IN THE OLD TESTAMENT, AND
+PERMITTED IN THE NEW, CANNOT BE SIN.
+
+"I begin with the patriarch Jacob, whose name Israel has been
+appropriated from his day to this time to the true church. How did
+Jacob acquire his great riches? Was it not by appropriating the
+property of Laban to himself? And did not God bless him in thus doing?
+There is not a word of condemnation; but, on the contrary, Jacob, in
+telling his brother that he had much property, remarked, that God had
+dealt graciously with him. Here, you see, is a marked case of an
+appropriation of another's property by a very adroit stratagem, which
+is fully justified by the Old Testament, and uncondemned by the New.
+
+"Had Jacob not represented in his person a different community from
+Laban's, of which he was to be the Patriarch, his mode of acquiring
+wealth out of Laban would have been censurable. But his conduct
+towards Laban was consistent with what was subsequently allowed under
+the Mosaic laws on the part of the Jews towards other nations. They
+could, for instance, make slaves of the nations round about;--they
+could take usury of them;--they could despoil them by war, and they
+could do a variety of things in relation to the people of other
+nations which would have been robbery, fraud, murder, and so on, if
+done by Jews to Jews. Thus the idea that that is property which the
+law makes property, is of divine origin.
+
+"Take now the case of the Israelites in their exodus from Egypt; they
+were positively enjoined by the Divine command to borrow of their
+Egyptian neighbors their various costly jewelries, not with the idea
+of returning them, but of appropriating them permanently to their own
+benefit.
+
+"David, who was a man after God's own heart, did not regard it robbery
+to obtain from the Priest the shew-bread itself, although to do so he
+deceived the Priest by telling that which, under other circumstances,
+would be called a lie. It was essential to his life--to his support.
+It was not therefore criminal to tell the falsehood in order to obtain
+the bread. Now, it is upon this very principle that your government
+and all civil governments employ diplomatic agents, in order to secure
+by adroitness and craftiness commercial and other advantages; and it
+is upon the same principle that we pirates justify our proceedings. It
+is essential to the support and maintenance of our people; and there
+is as much in the Scriptures to warrant our stratagems to decoy
+vessels and get the benefit of their cargoes, as for your government
+to obtain advantages by diplomatic adroitness. We must have a living.
+
+"But you say we not only rob but murder. But as all appropriations of
+others' possessions are not essentially robbery, so all killing is not
+essentially murder. If you will look into the Book of Judges, xiv. 19,
+you will find that the taking of spoil even by violence and bloodshed,
+is not necessarily a crime--is not necessarily robbery and murder. It
+is the case of Samson when he had to give thirty changes of raiment to
+those who had expounded his riddle. It is said: "And the Spirit of the
+Lord came upon him, and he went down to Askelon and slew thirty men of
+them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them
+which expounded the riddle." Now, notice this particularly, that
+Samson did all this under the influence of God's Spirit. And you will
+remember that Paul in Hebrews mentions Samson with special
+commendation.
+
+"Now, if Samson, and David, and Jacob did such things, we feel
+justified in proceeding accordingly.
+
+"But as I have not time to go into very minute detail, I pass at once
+to two very important points in the New Testament. The first occurs
+in Christ's parable of the unjust steward. There the steward is
+commended for making an arrangement by which he secured his permanent
+interest by adroitly subtracting from what was due his Lord by his
+debtors. He had acted unjustly in the office of steward, being bound
+by honor to fulfil its duties and his obligations to his employer, but
+so soon as his obligations to his employer ceased on being ordered out
+of the stewardship, and his very living cut off, then it was no longer
+unjust, but commendable to do that which before would have been fraud
+or robbery.
+
+"The other case is that of our blessed Lord himself. He sent his
+disciples to take away from the place where they were tied an ass and
+her colt; and he told them how to escape should they be caught at it,
+by saying: 'The Lord hath need of them.' Now, when we take away the
+property of others, we may reply to those who question us, 'The Lord
+hath need of them,' for every good pirate will endeavor so to use what
+he obtains as to promote the best interests of religion, and to
+glorify our blessed Redeemer.
+
+"And now, my dear young sister, what more need I say to establish the
+point that piracy is not essentially sinful--that it is not _malum in
+se_? Indeed, it stands upon the same footing that slavery does, and is
+vindicated by the same process of reasoning. The argument for slavery
+is identically the same in principle as for piracy. And you know it is
+upon the ground that slavery is not under all circumstances a sin,
+that Christians in the Northern States hold communion with you of the
+South. And I admire that charitable spirit which induces them to
+believe that Southern Christians do not uphold the barbarous features
+which wicked and cruel masters impress upon the system of slavery.
+They give you, therefore, very properly, the right hand of Christian
+fellowship, which they could not do if slaveholding were sin in
+itself. And I doubt not they would as readily commune with Christian
+pirates, since it is evident that piracy is not, any more than
+slavery, _malum in se_."
+
+Mary made no reply, but sat musing with a countenance overwhelmed with
+sadness.
+
+Mr. Gracelius looked as though he had accomplished a decided victory;
+and Captain Templeton smiled with approbation.
+
+Albert after a short silence exclaimed with great emphasis: "I thank
+God _my_ Bible is my _reason_, my _conscience_, and my _heart_. I
+this day glory in being an infidel."
+
+"Oh! Albert, Albert!" cried Mary, and burst into tears.
+
+Albert seeing he had wounded the feelings of one he loved so dearly,
+tried to soothe her by remarking that he had met at the North with
+some persons who maintained that the Bible was misunderstood and
+misinterpreted by the most of the commentators and theologians, and
+that when rightly explained and received, would be found to be
+perfectly in harmony with the sympathies and philanthropic emotions of
+the human heart, and with the principles of enlightened reason. But as
+these persons were generally called fanatical and visionary, he had
+not paid much attention to their strictures. "I intend, however," he
+added, "to take an early opportunity to investigate the Bible for
+myself, and if it prove itself to be better than its commentators and
+expounders, perhaps I shall become a Christian. But I cannot be a
+Christian if Christianity props up slaveholding and piracy."
+
+Here the conversation was interrupted by the entrance of a messenger,
+who announced that every preparation had been made, and that Mr.
+Gillon and Miss St. Clair could now go on board the merchant vessel.
+On rising to depart, Albert with much feeling addressed the Captain:
+
+"Captain Templeton, we are much indebted to you for saving our lives,
+and for the hospitality and very kind attentions we have received. I
+would that I could repay you in some way. But you will pardon me, so
+young a man, for expressing the profound wish of my heart, that you
+would abandon this horrible life, and no longer delude yourself with
+the idea that the Bible is the highest authority for the regulation of
+man's life. Recognize every man, everywhere, as your brother, and
+treat all as you have treated Mary and myself,--treat all as your own
+heart, left to its most benevolent promptings, would dictate, and (the
+Bible to the contrary notwithstanding) you will please God better than
+you can do by any adherence to theological dogmas, that make the
+Almighty the author of piracy, slavery, war, death-penalties, and such
+like institutions and practices."
+
+"And I, too, hope," replied Captain Templeton, "that you will look
+into this matter with care, and come to the conclusion to follow that
+good book rather than the _ignis fatuus_ of mere human reason and
+natural conscience. I admire your honesty and candor, Mr. Gillon, and,
+although I cannot but regard your views as fanatical, I trust that
+when the ardor of youth shall give place to the reflections of maturer
+years, you will be as firm a believer in the Bible as I am."
+
+"Ah!" said Mr. Gracelius, "that will depend upon the grace of God.
+Farewell, young man, and may the Lord convert your soul and give us a
+happy meeting again, where we shall sing the song of the Lamb forever
+and ever."
+
+Mary, still in tears, took Mr. Gracelius by the hand and said:
+
+"Mr. Gracelius, I am not at all convinced that the Scriptures favor
+your views, although I am not prepared to meet your arguments. But I
+fear you have so confirmed Albert in his infidelity, that it will be
+exceedingly hard to get him hereafter even to listen to Christian
+instruction."
+
+"Oh! my young sister," replied the minister, "the grace of God can
+conquer the worst of infidels, and I hope your friend will yet become
+an ambassador of Christ."
+
+By this time the party were standing on deck, ready to bid the last
+adieu. Our young friends were soon on board the merchant vessel and
+out of sight of their strange benefactors.
+
+They found that the pirates had liberated the crew and passengers, and
+returned them to their vessel, retaining only the rich cargo.
+
+Having been well supplied with funds, in gold, when they left home,
+which Albert had about his person when taken up by the pirates, they
+found no difficulty, on reaching France, in making their way to
+England, and thence to the United States.
+
+On the voyages Albert perused the Scriptures with great attention, not
+only because Mary had urged him to do so, but because he felt that he
+needed to be informed of the true nature and character of what was
+claimed to be sacred writings. He was careful to avoid conversation on
+the subject during the progress of his investigations; and Mary
+herself was not, after her last interview with Mr. Gracelius,
+sufficiently quieted in her own mind to give expression to her
+thoughts.
+
+It was in November, when an Indian summer was augmenting the beauty of
+the scenery about the harbor of New York, that our young friends were
+sitting together in Mary's spacious state-room on board the noble
+vessel which was just passing Staten Island.
+
+"Albert," said Mary, with deep emotion, and the tear in her eye, "I
+have become an Abolitionist."
+
+"And I," said Albert, with yet deeper emphasis, "have become a
+Christian."
+
+"Thank God--thank God!" exclaimed Mary. "O, Albert, I cannot tell you
+how happy I am to hear you say so. But I do not need any explanation,
+for I see through it all. The pirates have made me an Abolitionist,
+and the Bible has made you a Christian. I have now learned how to
+understand its teachings, and you have learned that the precious
+volume has been grievously tortured to uphold the evil instead of the
+good."
+
+"It is even so, Mary," replied Albert. "I have been reading and
+studying with an earnest desire for truth. I find much, in the Old
+Testament, calculated to bewilder, and much that requires the New
+Testament to explain. I find, scattered through the Old Testament,
+holy principles that are brought into full relief by Jesus Christ, who
+has, by his example, and in his instructions to his disciples,
+elucidated what was obscure and rejected from the claims of divine
+authority what was only Jewish misconception. I am satisfied that it
+does not uphold violence, oppression, and wrong, and throw around
+these things the sanction of the divine mind. I find that everything
+taught by Jesus Christ is in full harmony with the most benevolent and
+honorable feelings of the human heart, and with the highest sense of
+justice and consciousness of right, and is diametrically opposed to
+all base carnal passions and affections, and to all that is violative
+of human equality and brotherhood.
+
+"I believe in Jesus Christ. And I had the ideal of such a Saviour for
+man before I saw that the Jesus of the New Testament is the true
+Captain of Salvation. And now I find that such a Saviour really
+exists, I am willing to follow his leadings, although I know it will
+require self-denials and sacrifices. I tell you, Mary, I found out
+from reading the Bible that I was an unregenerated man, and needed
+God's spirit to purify and sanctify my heart; and I have learned this
+from studying carefully the life and doctrines of Christ, who, in the
+flesh, gave a full manifestation of the godhead, and by _his
+righteousness_ brought to my own view _my unrighteousness_.
+
+"I read of Jesus dying on the cross rather than not carry out every
+jot and every tittle of the divine morality, and every principle of
+pure and undefiled religion. I stand in admiration of this divine
+heroism. I learn farther that his great mission was to induce sinful
+man to abandon his sins and become reconciled to God; and that it was
+in carrying out this mission that he subjected himself to the tortures
+of the cross. Under the influence of God's Spirit, this brings me to
+true repentance, and I determine to reform by taking Jesus as my
+exemplar and the captain of my salvation. I am thus made reconciled to
+God's law, and feel pardoned for the past and hopeful for the future.
+My faith in Christ gives me strength to live the life of a Christian,
+and thus I am saved. Jesus Christ's death has in this way reconciled
+me to God, and being thereby brought into harmony with God, God is
+reconciled to me. Jesus Christ therefore making atonement or
+reconciliation for me, has truly suffered in my stead. That is to say,
+his suffering in order to impress me with my obligations to God and
+his law, has by reconciling me to God's law, kept me from suffering
+the penalty of law. And when I think that God made this provision for
+this fallen world--that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever
+believeth in him should not perish but have eternal life, and I
+realize it all with trust and confidence, I feel that the kingdom of
+heaven is within me. I am truly happy."
+
+"My dear Albert," responded Mary, "you make me to see all this in a
+new light. I confess I never before properly understood the doctrine
+of the atonement. I did not before understand that atonement for man,
+and reconciliation between God and man, were one and the same thing.
+But I now perceive that there is no atonement unless we become
+Christ-like; and that just in proportion as we are Christ-like, we are
+in harmony with God, and are thus far saved. God converts the soul
+from the love of sin to the love of Christ, and that love of Christ
+insures obedience to his commandments to the full measure of our
+knowledge. To be clothed upon then with the righteousness of Christ,
+and to have Christ's righteousness imputed to us, are not terms
+signifying a righteousness extraneous from ourselves, and only
+regarded in place of righteousness in us, but really and truly to
+manifest a righteousness which will be seen and recognized by our
+ownselves and others as a righteousness derived from Christ, because
+we live as Christ would have us to live. O how pleasant it is to see
+the matter in so clear a light!"
+
+"And now," said Albert, "I wish to know how it is you a little while
+ago called yourself an Abolitionist. Did you really mean what you said
+in its full import?"
+
+"Yes I did," replied Mary. "That argument made by Mr. Gracelius was so
+exactly similar to the mode of interpreting the Scriptures in behalf
+of slavery, that I at once saw if it were good for slavery, it was
+just as good in defence of piracy; and that I must give up the Bible
+under such a mode of interpretation, or admit that piracy itself is
+sanctioned by the Bible. I could not give up my precious Bible, for I
+have felt so much of its hallowed influences upon my soul, that I
+could not think of parting from it. I have, like yourself, spent this
+voyage studying it with great care, and whatever may be the criticisms
+of the learned upon words, I am certain that the whole spirit of
+Christianity, as developed before and since Christ, utterly condemns
+any and every system, or practice, or principle which does not
+recognize all men as brethren. And I also perceive that many things
+have been wrested from their original meaning to subserve the
+purposes of oppression and tyranny. I now so read that good book, that
+I discriminate between the erroneous ideas and practices of the Jews
+and the divine law--between historical facts and traditional
+inferences--between man's misconceptions and the true principles of
+religion. I now can and do see from the Bible itself that slavery is
+all wrong; and being so, I am obliged to be an Abolitionist; for I
+know that no Christian ought to continue the practice of what is wrong
+in itself on any consideration. But, Albert, how was it that you who
+did not believe in the Bible, became an Abolitionist?"
+
+"Why, Mary, the truth is, I did not believe in the Bible, because,
+being an Abolitionist, professed Christians and ministers instructed
+me that the Bible sanctioned slavery, and that it required obedience
+to earthly masters and rulers, even although their commands and laws
+be contrary to the divine law. This was so contrary to my sense of
+natural right, that I said to myself I cannot honor the true God by
+submitting to the authority of the Bible; and therefore it was I took
+an utter aversion to the Bible. My respect for my parents prevented me
+from telling them when they would urge me to read the Bible, that
+their own views and practice had already convinced me that it was an
+unrighteous book; for I could not believe that my father would hold
+slaves under any conviction of its rightfulness drawn from nature, and
+that my mother would treat the blacks as she did, had she been
+governed by her natural sense of justice; but that by early education
+in the Bible, they had been trained to regard slaveholding perfectly
+compatible with the divine law, and the black as some heathenish
+being, whom it was no oppression to enslave. But now having examined
+the Bible with care, I see that they who take that Book to justify the
+enslaving of men, have been most dreadfully deluded."
+
+"Well, Albert," said Mary, "you know the obligations of Christianity
+require action as well as sentiment. If we are Christians truly, we
+have to serve Christ fully. We dare not, therefore, withhold our
+testimony against slavery any more than against any other crime. How
+then can we return to Carolina? We cannot be happy there amidst an
+institution which we abhor."
+
+"Mary, like yourself, I now feel," said Albert, "that a Christian must
+not hide his light under a bushel. We must speak for the dumb and for
+the truth as it is in Jesus. But with such views and intentions we
+would not be suffered in South Carolina. What, then, are we to do?"
+
+Mary, after a few moments' meditation, answered, "Albert, our parents
+think we were lost with the Pulaski. Let it stand so. They will suffer
+more if we go back to them with such sentiments as we now entertain.
+And for your sake, and for our parents' sake, and for the sake of
+Christ, I am willing to sacrifice all my worldly prospects and try to
+make a living by my own exertions in some place where my own feelings
+will not be shocked with the perpetual violation of Christian law by
+my own slaveholding relatives, and where I shall not be myself an
+annoyance to them."
+
+Here their dialogue was interrupted by the arrival of the ship at the
+wharf, and in a short time our young friends were safely landed in New
+York.
+
+Suffice it to say, in conclusion, that they both agreed never more to
+be dependent on the wealth of their parents,--assured as they were
+that all they could bestow upon them would be the product of
+unrequited toil. They were soon united in holy wedlock, and, after
+engaging in teaching an academy a short time, Albert became a faithful
+and zealous minister of the gospel; and he and his loving wife in
+process of time succeeded in revealing their situation to their
+parents, in such terms as to reconcile them to their anti-slavery
+views, and to induce them finally to emancipate their slaves.
+
+They are all living happily in moderate circumstances, in a little
+town in one of the free States,--in the direct line of the
+"under-ground railroad;" and many a poor fugitive finds a comfortable
+shelter in either of their humble cottages.
+
+A short time since, Mary was reading the discussion between Dr.
+Wayland and Dr. Fuller, on the subject of slavery, and was startled to
+find the very words of Mr. Gracelius and his identical argument, used
+by the champion of American slavery.
+
+"Albert," said she to her husband, "would you believe it, Dr. Fuller
+and Mr. Gracelius are one and the same person."
+
+"It surely cannot be!" said Albert. But to this day the matter looks
+very mysterious to them. And it is hoped that Dr. Fuller or Dr.
+Wayland will explain the coincidence of the arguments in some
+satisfactory manner.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Henry Brisbane]
+
+
+
+
+Toil and Trust.
+
+
+This is the motto of all persons sincerely disposed to embrace the
+cross of the anti-slavery enterprise. The duty it imposes is two-fold;
+1. To _toil_ for the spread of the truth; and 2. To _trust_ to the
+dissipation of error. The most potent barrier set up against the
+opponents of slavery is made of the prejudices carefully instilled
+into the popular mind against them. I propose, in brief, to point out
+their origin.
+
+It is sedulously inculcated:
+
+1. That anti-slavery is a pure sectional feeling, and springs from
+jealousy of the South.
+
+Fifty years ago this idea might fairly have been entertained. Many of
+the arguments then used have no better root than political jealousy.
+But it is not so now. The ruling objection at present is, that slavery
+is WRONG, no matter where it may be found; that it is a moral evil,
+and an offence against religion, not less than a great political
+curse; that indifference to it among good men encourages its extension
+among bad men; and that nothing but resolute and universal
+condemnation of it in every form will stimulate to its abolition. How
+far these views are from jealousy of the South, must appear obvious
+enough to all who reflect that those who entertain them, consider the
+result to be arrived at as one which must spring from the voluntary
+convictions of those most affected by it, that they are getting rid of
+the only serious drawback to their own prosperity. Of course, then, it
+is the best interests of the South,--their strength, moral, social,
+and political,--that anti-slavery men believe they are promoting, by
+their course.
+
+2. That the enemies of slavery desire to subvert the Constitution and
+to dissolve the Union.
+
+Possibly, a few impatient spirits may have got so far. They
+constitute, however, but a very small portion of the number included
+in the term. Nine-tenths of these hold that neither the Constitution
+nor the Union should be brought into question at all. They consider
+that the resort to them as a protection and safeguard to slavery, by
+ill-judging and rash conservatives, has done more to put them into
+serious danger, than the acts of all others combined during the
+present century. Any man who relies upon a good government to sustain
+acknowledged evil, does much to modify the notions of goodness which
+honest and conscientious men have entertained respecting that
+government. He furnishes an entering wedge for doubt and distrust,
+which, if not removed, will grow into aversion. Anti-slavery men
+reason differently. They separate slavery from the Constitution and
+the Union, and, by seeking to destroy the former, desire to perpetuate
+the latter. They hold, that against the concentrated moral sentiment
+of the whole country, acting through its legitimate public channels,
+and aided by the prayers and the hopes of all the civilized world, it
+would be much more difficult to maintain slavery in the States, than
+if the dangers of general misgovernment and disunion were to come in
+to distract the public attention, and open up social disasters of a
+worse kind than those which they seek to remedy.
+
+3. The spirit of this reform is denunciatory, violent, and
+proscriptive.
+
+It is inevitable that all movements directed against the established
+errors of communities originate with men more or less fanatical in
+spirit. None but they have the necessary elements of character to
+advance at all. But, as others become convinced of the fundamental
+truths which they utter, the tendency of their association is to
+modify and soften the tone, and make it more nearly approximate the
+correct sentiment. At this period, there is quite as much of
+liberality among anti-slavery men as is consistent with a determined
+maintenance of their general purpose. Though disposed to be just to
+all who conscientiously differ with them in opinion, they cannot
+overlook the fact that many honest persons are too indifferent, and
+more are too compromising in their views of slavery. To rouse the one,
+and alarm the other class into a conviction of their responsibility
+for their apathy, is one of the most imperative duties. It may be that
+this is not always done in the most courtly or the choicest terms.
+Some allowances must be made for the spirit of liberty. These cases
+form, however, the exception, and not the rule, among anti-slavery
+men. The great majority well comprehend that the greatest results will
+follow efforts made without bitterness of temper. They remember that
+whilst the Saviour denounced without stint the formal scribe, the
+hollow Pharisee, and the greedy money-changer, he chose for his sphere
+of exertion the society of publicans and sinners.
+
+4. Anti-slavery men seek to set slaves against their masters, at the
+risk of the lives and happiness of both.
+
+This impression, which is much the most common, is, at the same time,
+the least founded in truth of all. No evidence, worthy of a moment's
+credit, has ever been produced, implicating any class of them in a
+suspicion of the kind. Nothing proves the absence of all malignity
+towards the slaveholders more clearly than this. If they sought really
+to injure them, what could be more easy than to stimulate disaffection
+along so extensive a line of boundary as that of the slave States?
+Probably few of them entertain any doubt of the abstract _right_ of
+the slave to free himself from the condition in which he is kept
+against his own consent, in any manner practicable. How easy then the
+step from this opinion to an act of encouragement! That it has never
+been taken furnishes the most conclusive proof of the falsity of the
+popular impression, and of the moderations of the anti-slavery men,
+who seek only, in the moral convictions of the masters, for the
+source of freedom to the slaves.
+
+But though it be true that all these common impressions are delusions
+strewn in the way of anti-slavery men to impair the effect of their
+exertions, it by no means follows that they should be induced by them
+to assume a moderation which encourages sluggishness. No great
+movement in human affairs can be made without zeal, energy, and
+perseverance. It must be animated by a strong will, and tempered by a
+benevolent purpose. Such is the shape which the anti-slavery reform is
+gradually assuming. Its motto, then, should be, as was said in the
+beginning:
+
+          "TOIL AND TRUST."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Charles Francis Adams.]
+
+QUINCY, 10 July, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+Friendship for the Slave is Friendship for the Master.
+
+
+It is a mistake on the part of the people of the south to suppose that
+those who desire the extinction of slavery, whether residing in
+America or England, are actuated by unfriendly feelings toward them
+personally, or by any hostility to the pecuniary or social interests
+of their section of country. The most important and influential
+classes of the population, both of England and of the northern States
+of this Union, have a direct and strong pecuniary interest at stake,
+in the prosperity and welfare of the south. If the people of
+Massachusetts or those of Lancashire were employed in raising cotton
+and sugar, and if the prices which they obtained for their produce
+were kept down by southern competition, then there might perhaps be
+some ground for suspecting a covert hostility in any action or
+influence which they might attempt to exert on such a question. But
+the contrary is the fact. New England and Old England manufacture and
+consume the cotton and sugar which the south produces. They are
+directly and deeply interested in having the production of these
+articles go on in the most advantageous manner possible. The southern
+planter is not their competitor and rival. He is their partner. His
+work is to them and to their pursuits one of co-operation and aid.
+Consequently his prosperity is their prosperity, and his ruin would be
+an irretrievable disaster, not a benefit, to them. They are thus
+naturally his friends, and, consequently, when in desiring a change in
+the relation which subsists between him and his laborers, they declare
+that they are not actuated by any unfriendly feeling toward him, but
+honestly think that the change would be beneficial to all concerned,
+there is every reason why they should be believed.
+
+There was a time when the laboring population of England occupied a
+position in respect to the proprietors of the soil there, very
+analogous to that now held by African slaves in our country. But the
+system has been changed. From being serfs, compelled to toil for
+masters, under the influence of compulsion or fear, they have become a
+free peasantry, working in the employment of landlords, for wages.
+But this change has not depressed or degraded the landlords, or
+injured them in any way. On the contrary, it has probably elevated and
+improved the condition of the master quite as much as it has that of
+the man.
+
+Imagine such a change as this on any southern plantation: the
+Christian master desiring conscientiously to obey the divine
+command,--given expressly for his guidance, in his responsible
+relation of employer,--that he should "give unto his servants that
+which is just and equal,--forbearing threatening,"--resolves that he
+will henceforth induce industry on his estate by the payment of honest
+wages, instead of coercing his laborers by menaces and stripes; and
+after carefully considering the whole ground, he estimates, as fairly
+and faithfully as he can, what proportion of the whole avails of his
+culture properly belong to the labor performed by his men, and what to
+the capital, skill, and supervision, furnished and exercised by
+himself,--and then fixes upon a rate of wages, graduating the scale
+fairly and honestly according to the strength, the diligence, and the
+fidelity of the various laborers. Suppose, also, that some suitable
+arrangement is made on the plantation or in the vicinity, by which the
+servants can expend what they earn, in such comforts, ornaments, or
+luxuries as are adapted to their condition and their ideas. Suppose
+that, in consequence of the operation of this system, the laborers,
+instead of desiring, as now, to make their escape from the scene of
+labor, should each prize and value his place in it, and fear
+dismission from it as a punishment. Suppose that through the change
+which this new state of things should produce, it should become an
+agreeable and honorable duty to superintend and manage the system, as
+it is now agreeable and honorable to superintend the operations of a
+manufactory, or the construction or working of a railway, or the
+building of a fortress, or any other organized system of industry
+where the workmen are paid, and that consequently, instead of rude and
+degraded overseers, intemperate and profane, extorting labor by
+threats and severity, there should be found a class of intelligent,
+humane, and honest men, to direct and superintend the industry of the
+estate,--men whom the proprietor would not be ashamed to associate
+with, or to admit to his parlor or table. In a word, suppose that the
+general contentment and happiness which the new system would induce in
+all concerned in it, were such that peace of mind should return to
+the master's breast, now,--especially in hours of sickness and
+suffering, and at the approach of death,--so often disturbed, and a
+sense of safety be restored to his family, so that it should no longer
+be necessary to keep the pistols or the rifle always at hand, and that
+the wife and children could lie down and sleep at night, without
+starting at unusual or sudden sounds, or apprehending insurrection
+when they hear the cry of fire. Suppose that such a change as this
+were possible, is it the part of a friend or an enemy to desire to
+have it effected?
+
+But all such suppositions as these, the southern man will perhaps say,
+are visionary and utopian in the highest degree. No such state of
+things as is contemplated by them, can by any possibility be realized
+with such a population as the southern slaves. Very well; say _this_,
+if you please, and prove it, if it can be proved. But do not charge
+those who desire that it might be realized, with being actuated, in
+advocating the change, by unfriendly feelings towards you,--for most
+assuredly they do not entertain any.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Jacob Abbott.]
+
+
+
+
+Christine.
+
+     "O, these childen, how they do lie round our hearts."--MILLY
+     EDMONDSON.
+
+
+The clock struck the appointed hour, and the sale commenced. Articles
+of household furniture, horses, carts, and slaves, were waiting
+together to be sold to the highest bidder. For strange as it would
+seem in another land than this, beneath the ample folds of the
+"Star-spangled Banner," _human sinews_ were to be bought and sold.
+Bodies, such as the Apostle called the "temples of the Holy Ghost," in
+which dwelt souls for which Christ died;--men, women and little
+children, made in the image of God, were classed with marketable
+commodities, to be sold by the pound, like dumb beasts in the
+shambles. Husbands would be torn from their wives, mothers from their
+children, and _all_ from everything they loved most dearly.
+
+The group of _human chattels_ excited great interest among the
+lookers-on, for they were a choice lot of prime negroes, and rumor
+said that he would get a rare bargain who bought that day.
+
+It was a saddening sight, that dusky group, whose only crime was being
+
+          "---- guilty of a skin
+    Not colored like our own,"
+
+as they waited with anxious looks and quivering hearts to hear their
+doom, filling up the dreary moments with thoughts of the chances and
+changes which overhung their future.
+
+A bright-eyed boy, of twelve years old,
+
+    "A brave, free-hearted, careless one,"
+
+with a proud spirit playing in every line of his handsome face, and in
+every movement of his graceful form, was first called to the
+auction-block. His good qualities were rapidly enumerated, his limbs
+rudely examined, his soundness vouched for, and he became the chattel
+personal of a Georgian, who boasted of his good bargain; and on being
+warned that he would have trouble with the boy, declared with an oath,
+that he would "soon take the devil out of him."
+
+Matty, a sister of this lad, was next placed upon the stand. Her
+beauty, which the excitement of that dreadful moment only served to
+heighten, hushed for awhile the coarse jests of the crowd. She was a
+splendid-looking creature, just entering upon womanhood. But her
+beauty proved, as beauty must ever prove to a slave woman, a deadly
+curse. It enhanced her market value, and sealed her deadly fate. It
+attracted the eye, and inflamed the passions of a wealthy Louisianian,
+named St. Laurent, who gave a thousand dollars in hard gold in
+exchange for her, that he might make her his petted favorite. Wives,
+mothers, daughters of America, have _you_ nothing to do with slavery,
+when such is the fate of slave women? _Can_ you sit silent, and at
+your ease, knowing that such things are?
+
+When Matty was removed from the auction-block, she fell upon her
+brother's neck, and wept such tears as only they can weep whom slavery
+parts, never to meet again.
+
+"Christine!" cried the loud voice of the auctioneer. Matty checked her
+passionate grief, and turning saw her mother, with her baby in her
+arms, standing where she herself had stood but just before. Quickly
+her keen eye sought the form of her new master. With a sudden impulse
+she threw herself at his feet, exclaiming, "O master, master, _do_ buy
+my mother too!" The man gazed for a moment on the beautiful face
+upturned to his, with a look which made the lashes droop over her
+pleading eyes, and tapping her cheek with his finger, he said,
+
+"What! coaxing so early, my pretty one? No, no; it will not do; I have
+no use for the old woman."
+
+"Oh, master, she is not old. _Do_ buy my mother, master!"
+
+"Here is a prize for you, gentlemen," broke in the harsh tones of the
+auctioneer. "There is the best housekeeper and cook in all Virginia.
+Who bids for her? $300 did you say, sir? $325--thanks, gentlemen, but
+I cannot sell this woman for a song. She is an excellent seamstress.
+$400--$450--$500--I am glad to see you are warming up a little,
+gentlemen,--but she is worth more money than that. Look at her! What a
+form! what an eye! what arms!--there is muscle for you, gentlemen.
+Upon my honor she is the flower of the lot,--a dark-colored
+rose,--black, but comely; and her baby goes with her. $550, did I
+hear you say, sir? Will no one give more than $550 for such a woman
+and baby?"
+
+"The baby is of no account," said Mr. St. Laurent; "she would sell
+better without it. If I buy her, I shall give away the little
+encumbrance."
+
+The poor slave-mother heard him, and strained her baby to her bosom,
+as if she would say, "You shall _never_ take him from me." The boy
+looked into her face, and smiled a sweet baby smile, and put his
+little arms about her neck, and laid his cheek on hers. One would have
+thought he understood what was passing in her heart, and strove to
+comfort her. "$575--$600--$650,"--and Christine and her baby boy
+became the property of Mr. St. Laurent.
+
+"I would not have bought the woman," said he, turning to an
+acquaintance, "but for the girl's importunity. I feared she would have
+the sulks if I didn't, and I want to keep her good-natured. I shall
+give the mother as a wedding-present to my daughter. But anybody may
+have the child, who will take him off my hands?"
+
+"I will take him, sir, and thank you too," said a little, sharp
+looking, bustling man, stepping briskly up, and bowing to Mr. St.
+Laurent.
+
+"Will you, my friend? Then he is yours, and you may take him away as
+soon as you please."
+
+"If I take him now, the woman will raise a storm," said the little
+man; "I know a better way than that," and drawing Mr. St. Laurent
+aside, he communicated his plan, and they parted mutually satisfied.
+
+Meanwhile the sale went on, but we will not follow further its
+revolting details. Christine, with her baby and Matty, were put in
+safe quarters for the night. Notwithstanding the intense anxiety that
+filled their minds, and a superstitious fear in Christine's heart that
+the worst had not yet come, an unaccountable drowsiness oppressed
+them, and before long both fell into a deep death-like sleep.
+
+Morning broke over the green earth. The sun gilded the mountain-tops,
+and bathing the trees in splendor, was greeted with ten thousand
+bird-songs. He kissed the dewy flowers, and their fragrance rose as
+incense on the morning air. He looked into the windows of happy homes,
+and wakened golden-haired children to renew their joyous sports, and
+mothers, whose
+
+      "---- souls were hushed with their weight of bliss
+    Like flowers surcharged with dew,"
+
+sent up their morning thanksgiving to "Him who never slumbers," for
+His protection of their "laughing dimpled treasures." Suddenly a warm
+ray fell upon the face of the sleeping slave-mother. She wakened with
+a start, and with one wild shriek of agony sprang from the bed. Her
+babe was gone.
+
+Why need we dwell upon what followed? What pen can describe the
+anguish of the heart-broken mother, when she knew that while under the
+influence of opiates which she had unwittingly taken, her boy had been
+taken from her, and that she should look upon her darling's face no
+more. Mother! look at the darling nestler upon your own bosom, and ask
+yourself how you would have felt in Christine's place.
+
+After the first burst of agony was over, she did not give way
+outwardly to grief. One might have thought she did not grieve. But she
+carried all her sorrows in her heart, till they had eaten out her
+life.
+
+On the morning of Eleanore St. Laurent's bridal day, Christine was
+sent for to perform some service for her young mistress. But the spoil
+had been taken out of the hands of the spoiler--the bruised heart was
+at rest. The outraged soul had gone with its complaints to the bar of
+the Eternal.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Anne P. Adams.]
+
+
+
+
+The Intellectual, Moral, and Spiritual Condition of the Slave.
+
+
+The American slave is a human being. He possesses all the attributes
+of mind and heart that belong to the rest of mankind. He has intellect
+with which to think, sensibility with which to feel, and toil which
+prompts him to vigorous and manly action. Nor is he destitute of the
+sublime faculty of reason, which is related to eternal and absolute
+truths. Imagination and fancy, too, he possesses, in a very large
+degree. But all these faculties, which nature has bestowed upon the
+slave in common with other men, by a decree of slavery fixed and
+unalterable like the laws of the Medes and Persians, are undeveloped,
+and the results, therefore, of their activities are not to be found.
+How mean then it must be to reproach the unfortunate slave with a lack
+of intellectual qualities, such as characterize men generally. In
+proof of the statement, that slaves have these qualities, it is only
+necessary to refer to the many fugitives who, by their great thoughts,
+their masterly logic, and their captivating eloquence, are astonishing
+both the Old and the New World. Education is what the white man needs
+for the development of his intellectual energies. And it is what the
+black man needs for the development of his. Educate him, and his mind
+proves itself at once as profound and masterly in its conceptions, and
+as brisk and irresistible in its decisions, as the mind of any other
+man.
+
+But, in addition to his intellectual, the slave possesses a moral
+nature, capable of the highest development and the most refined
+culture. A conscience tender and acute, the voice of God in his soul
+bidding him to choose the right and avoid the wrong, is his lawful
+inheritance bestowed upon him by his Heavenly Father. This no one can
+deny who knows aught of the love of moral truth manifested by the
+slaves of this country. God has not left the slaves without moral
+sense. Nor has he denied him the spiritual faculty which, when
+cultivated, enables him to recognize God in his spiritual
+manifestations, to discern and appreciate spiritual truths, and to
+feel and relish the gentle distillations of the spirit of divine love
+as they fall upon his heart like dew upon the grateful earth. The
+moral and spiritual nature of the slave, however, like his
+intellectual, goes uneducated and untrained. Deep, dark, and
+impenetrable is the gloom which enshrouds the mind and soul of the
+slave. No ray of light cheers him in his midnight darkness. No one is
+allowed to fetch him the blessings of education, and no preacher of
+righteousness is suffered to illumine his dark mind by the
+presentation of sacred truth.
+
+It is indeed true that slavery is a political, a civil, and a
+commercial evil. It is true that it is most excruciating and frightful
+in its effects upon the physical nature of its victim. But slavery is
+seen in its more awful wickedness and terrible heinousness, when we
+contemplate the vast waste of intellect, the vast waste of moral and
+spiritual energy, which has been caused by its poisonous touch.
+
+And yet the power of the State, and the influence of the Church, are
+given to its support. Many of our leading statesmen are engaged in
+devising and furthering plans for the extension of its territorial
+area, thereby hoping to perpetuate and eternize its bloody existence,
+while the majority of our most distinguished divines find employment
+in constructing discourses, founded upon perverse expositions of
+sacred writ, calculated to establish and fix in the minds of the
+people the impression that slavery is a divine institution.
+
+Although this mighty power of the State, and influence of the Church,
+be opposed to the slave, let him not despair, but be full of hope. For
+God is upon his side, truth is upon his side, and a multitude of good
+and able men and women are engaged in working out his redemption.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) J. Mercer Langston]
+
+OBERLIN, August 27, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+The Bible vs. Slavery.
+
+
+"Nothing," says Dr. Spring, "is more plain to my mind than that the
+word of God recognizes the relation between master and slave as one of
+the established institutions of the age; and, that while it addresses
+slaves as Christian men, and Christian men as slaveholders, it so
+modifies the whole system of slavery as to give a death-blow to all
+its abuses, and breathes such a spirit, that in the same proportion in
+which its principles are imbibed, the yoke of bondage will melt away,
+all its abuses cease, and every form of human oppression will be
+unknown. The Bible is no agitator. It changes human governments only
+as it changes the human character. It aims at transforming the
+dispositions and hearts of men, and diffusing through all human
+institutions the supreme love of God, and the impartial love of man."
+
+Now, this either means that the Bible requires that all institutions
+be adjusted and harmonized with the moral law--the law of love--or it
+means nothing. For, we maintain, that slavery is _per se_ wrong, where
+the enslaver has no direct warrant from heaven, or the enslaved has
+not forfeited liberty by crime on principles of recognized and
+universal equity; and the whole Bible forbidding wrong must be held as
+forbidding slavery, or any arbitrary and inhuman tamperings with the
+inalienable rights of a fellow-creature.
+
+If slavery is not a wrong in itself, irrespective of what are called
+its abuses, then all that is essential in it may be retained from age
+to age; and all the amelioration which the Christian law superinduces
+may be such as to consist with the violation of the natural
+prerogatives of humanity, and with the denial to man of the essential
+and dearest privileges of social and domestic life, with the denial of
+the rights of conscience too. For slavery, as distinguished from
+service by contract, is this thing and no other:--it is labor
+undefined, unrewarded, on the condition of being used as vendible
+property, and every independent right of the slave, as an
+intellectual and moral being, is ignored. By practical indulgence
+such rights may be sometimes conceded. But the slave-law ceases as
+such when these are recognized.
+
+Now, we hold it a libel on the Bible to affirm that it sanctions such
+slavery. We must warn you of the fallacy that lies in this distinction
+of the thing itself, and its abuse. What is called the abuse here is
+the essence and the characteristic of the subject. Service as well as
+slavery may be abused. Everything may be abused. But, the claim of the
+slaveholder is itself the abuse of the God-ordained relation of master
+and servant. Can men be regarded as a chattel?--that is the
+question--and so regarded without his consent, and his family treated
+as such permanently, without his consent, or even with it?
+
+It comes of this bad interpretation of the Christian law, that in the
+nineteenth century slavery still remains,--is cherished. It is not
+that the principles of Christianity do not tend to extinguish it. But
+men, forcing their false interpretation on the Scriptures, plead their
+authority for a system or institution, to which their whole spirit is
+opposed,--and which confesses its unscriptural character by keeping
+out Christian light, and forbidding the Scriptures with the slave.
+
+To talk of the spirit of Christianity, in distinction from its express
+or implied law against slavery, is as if one would trust for the
+extinction of sin against the sixth or seventh commands of the
+decalogue, by general inculcation of meekness or purity, without
+denouncing murder and defining it, or defining between allowed and
+disallowed affinity in the marriage law. We may if we do not proscribe
+theft, and bring the positive law of God to bear against it, and bring
+a law into harmony with the divine, be understood, while we talk only
+of the abuses of property, as warning rather against spending stolen
+goods in a bad way, than against theft itself? But the design of the
+moral law is to define rights, as well as to govern the use of them;
+and it requires that not only the tempers of men, but the institutions
+of society, be adjusted by the law of equity and charity. It forbids
+not only the abuse of just power, but all false usurpations of power,
+and classes man-stealers and extortioners as murderers.
+
+Who, if he but examines the laws of social and relative duty, as laid
+down in the New Testament Epistles, may not discern that the relation
+of master and servant is recognized side by side with the permanent
+relations of parent and child, husband and wife, which rest on the law
+of nature; just because it is not the temporary, unnatural, and
+violent relation of slaveholder and slave which is recognized, but
+that of master and servant by contract. The other, its very apologists
+allow, will pass away; but these duties are enhanced in a law of
+permanent application, and rest on natural principles, common to all
+times and all nations.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Michael Willis]
+
+
+
+
+"The Work Goes Bravely on."
+
+
+Like all Reforms which have for their object the amelioration of man's
+condition; the advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom; the cause of
+human freedom has encountered many oppositions calculated to impede
+its progress. It has temporarily suffered from cruel defection within,
+and the most virulent persecution without the camp.
+
+John, the forerunner of Jesus, had for his portion "locusts and wild
+honey." But those who have stood forth in the sunlight, the advocates
+of the crushed and bleeding bondman; whose motto is, "Our country is
+the world, and our countrymen all mankind," have had no _honey_ for
+_their_ portion. Oh no! they have ever dwelt among the tempest and the
+storm, with thunder, lightning, and whirlwind, to feed upon.
+
+Some have been called, for the advocacy of the truth, to wing their
+flight from the prison-house to Heaven; and others, to bare their
+bosoms to the red-hot indignation of relentless mobs, arrayed in
+murderous panoply. They have gone; but, thank God, "THE WORK GOES
+BRAVELY ON!"
+
+The great men of the nation, the mighty men, the chief priests and
+rulers, have risen in their strength, and resolved to crush, as with
+an avalanche, the irrepressible aspirations of the bondman's heart for
+FREEDOM; they have attempted to padlock the out-gushing sympathies of
+humanity; to trample in the dust the sacred guarantees of the
+palladium of their own liberties, but their "terribleness hath
+deceived them, and the pride of their heart," for the desolating angel
+hath sealed _their_ lips in the silence of the tomb, and we, the
+recipients of their crushing cruelties, thank God "THE WORK GOES
+BRAVELY ON."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. James Watkins]
+
+
+
+
+Slaveholding not a Misfortune but a Crime.
+
+
+                                   LONDON, September 2, 1853.
+
+"For your movement on behalf of the slave, I have profound respect. I
+assure you of my unfeigned sympathies and of my earnest prayers. In my
+view, you deserve the high esteem of all who love and serve God.
+Nothing would be deemed by me a greater honor than co-operation with
+you actively in your work of faith and your labor of love. With full
+consent of all that is within me, do I range myself among those who
+deem American slavery not a sad misfortune, but a heinous crime: a
+crime all the more heinous, because justified and even perpetrated by
+men who call themselves the servants of Christ.
+
+          "I am, madam, yours respectfully,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William Brock]
+
+
+
+
+The Frugality of Slaveholding.
+
+
+There is nothing in the universe that can deserve the name or do the
+work of valid LAW but the commandment and the ordinance of the living
+God. All human enactments, adjudications and usages not founded on
+these, are of no legal force, and should be trampled under foot. The
+practice of slaveholding, for this reason, can never be legalized, and
+all legislative or judicial attempts to sustain it are rebellion
+against God, and treason against civil society. To teach otherwise,
+would be to set up other gods above Jehovah, to promulgate the
+fundamental principle of atheism, and proclaim war against the
+liberties of mankind.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Goodell]
+
+
+
+
+"Ore Perennius."
+
+
+I ask no prouder inscription for my humble tomb, than "Here lies the
+Friend of the Oppressed."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) David Paul Brown Sept. 28, 1859]
+
+
+
+
+The Mission of America.
+
+
+                              BRUNSWICK, Maine, September 30, 1853.
+
+MISS JULIA GRIFFITH,
+
+My Dear Madam, your letter of September 23d I have received. I regret
+exceedingly that it is not in my power to furnish the article you have
+done me the honor to solicit, for the "Autographs for Freedom."
+Particularly do I regret this now, when the great conflict between
+aristocracy and democracy is about being renewed all over the
+continent of Europe, and when despots are pointing with exultation to
+the unparalleled enormities of our "peculiar institutions," and the
+friends of republican equality, in all lands, are disheartened by our
+example. Would the slaveholders of the south but consent to place
+those who till their lands, under the protection of wholesome and
+impartial law, and pay them honest wages, it would ere long cause
+human rights to be respected in every corner of the globe. It should
+be the mission of America, by the silent influence of a glorious
+example, to revolutionize all despotisms. We have a vast continent to
+subdue and to adorn, and we need the aid of millions more of willing
+hands to accomplish the magnificent enterprise. With much esteem I am
+truly yours,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) John S. C. Abbott.]
+
+
+[Illustration: Lewis Tappan, esq. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+Disfellowshipping Slaveholders.
+
+
+The late Dr. Chalmers, not long before his death, spoke with
+disapprobation of Abolitionists in the United States, "for
+undertaking," as he said, "to decide, without sufficient evidence,
+upon the irreligious character of ministers and church-members.
+_They_, forsooth, undertake to exclude men from the Lord's table, who
+are in good and regular standing in the church of Christ, because they
+happen to hold slaves! _They_ pretend to decide who, and who are not
+Christians!" It is marvellous that so learned and so distinguished a
+man should have fallen into such a mistake; and, on hearsay, ventured
+to utter a most calumnious accusation against the friends of the
+slave.
+
+The Abolitionists might, perhaps, make decisions in the case not wide
+of the mark, founded upon the rule given by Jesus Christ: "By their
+fruits ye shall know them." But, in declaring that slaveholders ought
+not to be fellowshipped as Christians, they do not say whether a
+slaveholder is or is not a Christian. On the contrary, they leave each
+one with his Maker, the INFALLIBLE JUDGE. But this they do:--they hold
+that no slaveholder, professing to be a Christian, is entitled to
+Christian FELLOWSHIP, _because_ slaveholding is a sin, and should
+subject the offender to discipline. Neither Dr. Chalmers nor any other
+divine could deny the propriety of this, provided they believed that
+slaveholding is a sin, or an ecclesiastical offence. The apostle Paul
+directed that Christians should not _eat_ with an _extortioner_. A
+slaveholder is an extortioner. If, then, a Christian may not eat a
+common meal with such an offender, may he sit at the Lord's table with
+him? I trow not.
+
+                                   LEWIS TAPPAN.
+
+
+
+
+A Leaf from my Scrap Book.
+
+
+                                   MAY, 1849.
+
+SAMUEL R. WARD AND FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
+
+Perhaps a fitter occasion never presented itself, nor was more
+properly availed of, for the exhibition of talent, than when Frederick
+Douglass and Samuel R. Ward debated the "question" whether the
+Constitution was or not a pro-slavery document.
+
+With the "question" at issue we have, at present, nothing to do; and
+with the arguments so far only as they exhibit the men.
+
+Both eminent for talent of an order (though differing somewhat in
+cast) far above the common level of great men.
+
+If any inequalities existed, they served rather to heighten than
+diminish the interest of the occasion, giving rise to one of the
+severest contests of mind with mind that has yet come to my notice.
+
+Douglass, sincere in the opinions he has espoused, defends them with a
+fervor and eloquence that finds scarcely a competitor.
+
+In his very look--his gesture--in his whole manner, there is so much
+of genuine, earnest eloquence, that they leave no time for reflection.
+Now you are reminded of one rushing down some fearful steep, bidding
+you follow; now on some delightful stream, still beckoning you onward.
+
+In either case, no matter what your prepossessions or oppositions, you
+for the moment, at least, forget the justness or unjustness of his
+cause and obey the summons, and loath, if at all, you return to your
+former post.
+
+Not always, however, is he successful in retaining you. Giddy as you
+may be with the descent you have made, delighted as you are with the
+pleasure afforded, with the elysium to which he has wafted you, you
+return too often dissatisfied with his and your own impetuosity and
+want of firmness. You feel that you had had only a dream, a pastime,
+not a reality.
+
+This great power of momentary captivation consists in his eloquence of
+manner--his just appreciation of words.
+
+In listening to him, your whole soul is fired--every nerve
+strung--every passion inflated--every faculty you possess ready to
+perform at a moment's bidding. You stop not to ask why or wherefore.
+
+'Tis a unison of mighty yet harmonious sounds that play upon your
+imagination; and you give yourself up, for a time, to their
+irresistible charm.
+
+At last, the _cataract_ which roared around you is hushed, the
+_tornado_ is passed, and you find yourself sitting upon a bank (at
+whose base roll but tranquil waters), quietly meditating that why,
+amid such a display of power, no greater effect had really been
+produced.
+
+After all, it must be admitted, there is a power in Mr. Douglass
+rarely to be found in any other man.
+
+With copiousness of language, and finish of diction, when even ideas
+fail, words come to his aid--arranging themselves, as it were, so
+completely, that they not only captivate, but often deceive us for
+ideas; and hence the vacuum that would necessarily occur in the
+address of an ordinary _speaker_ is filled up, presenting the same
+beautiful harmony as do the lights and shades of a picture.
+
+From Mr. Douglass, in this, perhaps, as much as in any other respect,
+does Mr. _Ward_ differ. Ideas form the basis of all Mr. Ward utters.
+Words are only used to express those ideas.
+
+If words and ideas are not inseparable, then, as mortar is to the
+stones that compose the building, so are his words to his ideas.
+
+In this, I judge, lays Mr. Ward's greatest strength. Concise without
+abruptness--without extraordinary stress, always clear and forcible;
+if sparing of ornament, never inelegant. In all, there appears a
+consciousness of strength, developed by close study and deep
+reflection, and only put forth because the occasion demanded,--a power
+not only to examine but to enable you to see the fairness of that
+examination and the justness of its conclusions.
+
+You feel Douglass to be right, without always seeing it; perhaps it is
+not too much to say, when Ward is right you see it.
+
+His appeals are directed rather to the understanding than the
+imagination; but so forcibly do they take possession of it, that the
+heart unhesitatingly yields.
+
+If, as we have said, Mr. Douglass seems as one whirling down some
+steep descent whose very impetuosity impels;--ere you are aware of it,
+it is the quiet serenity of Mr. Ward, as he points up the rugged
+ascent, and invites you to follow, that inspires your confidence and
+ensures your safety. Step by step do you with him climb the rugged
+steep; and, as you gain each succeeding eminence, he points you to new
+scenes and new delights;--now grand--sublime; now picturesque and
+beautiful;--always real. Most speakers fail to draw a perfect figure.
+This point I think Mr. Ward has gained. His figures, when done, stand
+out with prominence, possessing both strength and elegance.
+
+Douglass' imagery is fine--vivid--often gaudily painted. Ward's
+pictures--bold, strong, glowing.
+
+Douglass speaks right on; you acknowledge him to have been on the
+ground--nay, to have gone over the field; _Ward_ seeks for and finds
+the corners; sticks the stakes, and leaves them standing; we know
+where to find them.
+
+Mr. Douglass deals in generals; Mr. Ward reduces everything to a
+point.
+
+Douglass is the _lecturer_; Ward the _debater_. Douglass powerful in
+invective; Ward in argument. What advantage Douglass gains in mimicry
+Ward recovers in wit.
+
+Douglass has sarcasm, Ward point.
+
+Here, again, an essential difference may be pointed out:--
+
+Douglass says much, at times, you regret he uttered. This, however, is
+the real man, and on reflection you like him the better for it. What
+Ward says you feel to be but a necessity, growing out of the
+case,--that it ought to have been said--that you would have said
+precisely the same yourself, without adding or diminishing a single
+sentence.
+
+Douglass, in manner, is at all times pleasing; Ward seldom less so;
+often raises to the truly majestic, and never descends below
+propriety. If you regret when Douglass ceases to speak, you are
+anxious Ward should continue.
+
+Dignity is an essential quality in an orator--I mean true dignity.
+
+Douglass has this in an eminent degree; Ward no less so, coupled with
+it great self-possession. He is never disconcerted--all he desires he
+says.
+
+In one of his replies to Mr. Douglass I was struck with admiration,
+and even delight, at the calm, dignified manner in which he expressed
+himself, and his ultimate triumph under what seemed to me very
+peculiar circumstances.
+
+Douglass' was a splendid effort--a beautiful effusion. One of those
+outpourings from the deeps of his heart of which he can so admirably
+give existence to.
+
+He had brought down thunders of well-merited applause; and sure I am,
+that a whisper, a breath from almost any other opponent than Mr. Ward,
+would have produced a tumult of hisses.
+
+Not so, however, now. The quiet, majestic air, the suppressed richness
+of a deep-toned, but well-cultivated voice, as the speaker paid a few
+well-timed compliments to his opponents, disturbed not, as it had
+produced, the dead stillness around.
+
+Next followed some fine sallies of wit, which broke in on the calm.
+
+He then proceeded to make and accomplished one of the most finished
+speeches to which I have ever listened, and sat down amidst a perfect
+storm of cheers.
+
+It was a noble burst of eloquence,--the gatherings up of the choicest
+possible culled thoughts, and poured forth, mingling with a unison of
+brilliant flashes and masterly strokes, following each other in quick
+succession; and though felt--deeply felt, no more to be described than
+the vivid lightning's zig-zag, as produced from the deep-charged
+thunder-cloud.
+
+If Douglass is not always successful in his attempts to heave up his
+ponderous missiles at his opponents, from the point of his descent, he
+always shows determination and spirit.
+
+He is often too far down the _pass_, however, (herculean though he
+be,) for his intent.
+
+Ward, from the eminence he has gained, giant-like, hurls them back
+with the force and skill of a practised marksman, almost invariably to
+the detriment of his already fallen victim.
+
+In Douglass you have a man, in whose soul the iron of oppression has
+far entered, and you feel it.
+
+He tells the story of his wrongs, so that they stand out in all their
+naked ugliness.
+
+In Ward, you have one with strong native powers,--I know of none
+stronger; superadded a careful and extensive cultivation; an
+understanding so matured, that fully enables him to successfully
+grapple with men or errors, and portray truth in a manner equalled by
+few.
+
+After all, it must be admitted, both are men of extraordinary powers
+of mind.
+
+Both well qualified for the task they have undertaken.
+
+I have, rather than anything else, drawn these outline portraits for
+our _young men_, who can fill them up at leisure.
+
+The subjects are both fine models, and may be studied with profit by
+all,--especially those who are destined to stand in the front rank.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William J. Wilson]
+
+     NOTE.--It has been some years since the above sketch was
+     drawn; and though my impressions, especially of Mr.
+     Douglass, has undergone some slight change since,--seeing in
+     him enlarged, strengthened, and more matured thought, still
+     I think, on the whole, the careful observer will attest
+     substantially to its correctness.
+
+
+
+
+"Who is my Neighbor?"
+
+
+It gives me great pleasure to express my interest in your objects, by
+the following sentiment: Sympathy for the slave,--the clearest
+exhibition in modern times of the spirit which, in the parable of the
+Samaritan, first illumined the wrong of oppression, and the divineness
+of brotherly love.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Th. Starr King]
+
+
+
+
+Consolation for the Slave.
+
+
+    Slave though thou art to unfeeling power,
+    Till wrong shall reach her final hour,
+    Mourn not as one on whom the day
+    Will never shed a healing ray.
+    The star of hope, that leads the dawn,
+    Appears, and night will soon be gone.
+
+    Long has thy night of sorrow been,
+    Without a star to cheer the scene.
+    Nay; there was One that watched and wept,
+    When thou didst think all mercy slept;
+    That eye, which beams with love divine,
+    Where all celestial glories shine.
+
+    Justice will soon the sceptre take;
+    The scourge shall fall, the tyrant quake.
+    Hark! 'tis the voice of One from heaven;
+    The word, the high command is given,
+    "Break every yoke, loose every chain,
+    To usher in the Saviour's reign."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Samuel Willard]
+
+
+
+
+The Key.
+
+
+The Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin: a key to unlock any mind that is not
+rendered inaccessible by the rust of conservatism or party-spirit, and
+to open the fountain of every generous affection, which is not closed
+with impenetrable ice. With this key may every one become familiar,
+who would know, and both in word and deed "bear witness to the truth!"
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Samuel Willard]
+
+
+
+
+The True Mission of Liberty.
+
+
+If Liberty were to go on a pilgrimage all over the earth, she would
+find a home in every house, and a welcome in every heart. None would
+reject the favors she offers if brought to their own doors. Sure and
+prompt as the impulses of instinct, every bosom would open to admit
+her and her blessings, but--when her gospel is proclaimed as a common
+bounty to all the world,--when she is seen visiting and feasting with
+publicans and sinners, and sitting with her unwashed disciples in
+familiar and loving companionship, Caesar and the synagogue are alike
+alarmed and enraged. When she is found daily in the marketplace and on
+the mountain-top, in the hamlet and on the highway, ministering to the
+multitude, healing and feeding them,--showing the same love and
+reverence for humanity in every variety of conditions, and however
+disguised or degraded,--the cruelty of caste and the bitterness of
+bigotry straightway take counsel among themselves how they may destroy
+her.
+
+Heaven help us! Divided as we are, into the hating and the hated, the
+oppressors and the oppressed, we have settled it, somehow, that we are
+of necessity at war with each other--that the welfare of one in some
+way depends upon the wretchedness of another. How much madness and
+misery would be spared if we could in any way learn that we are
+brethren.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William Elder]
+
+
+
+
+The true Spirit of Reform.
+
+
+The religion of Jesus, acting as a vital principle in the individual
+heart, and thus leaving the entire mass of humanity, to this alone are
+we to look as of sufficient power to do away the evils that are now
+rife in the world. Just so far as the true spirit of Jesus is infused
+into the soul, and acts in the life of man, we know that sin, in its
+various forms of sensuality, oppression, and bloodshed, must
+disappear. All reforms, which are not based on this corner-stone, are
+superficial; and, however goodly their proportions may appear to the
+eye of man, they want that firm foundation which will secure them
+against being undermined or overthrown by the force of adverse
+circumstances. "Other foundation can no man lay, than that is laid,"
+for the building up of all that is really excellent and heavenly.
+
+But, while we acknowledge the omnipotence of true religion for the
+ratification of all social wrongs, we are not to rest in the
+inculcation of its abstract principles and outward forms alone. It is
+not enough that we ourselves become, or persuade our fellow-men to
+become professed disciples of Jesus; not enough that, in a general
+way, we urge the precepts of the gospel. The obtuseness of the human
+heart, when hardened by habit and early education, requires that we
+make particular application of the precepts of Christ, and address our
+efforts to the removal of specific sins: the sins of our own age and
+country. It may be that our brother, sincerely intending to act in the
+spirit of Jesus, is yet blinded by the force of habit, and fails to
+see the sin in which he is living. If our position make us to see more
+clearly than he the course he should pursue, let us endeavor gently to
+remove the veil from his eyes, remembering how often our own vision is
+dimmed by prejudice and outward circumstances. In the moral, as well
+as in the natural world, we believe that God demands our active
+cooeperation; and, as the farmer not only sows the seed, but roots out
+the weeds from among the grain, so are we to endeavor to eradicate
+from the broad field of the moral world those evil practices which
+obstruct the growth of the harvest of pure and undefiled religion.
+
+"The husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath
+long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain." So
+are we obliged often to have "long patience," until we see the
+manifest blessing of God on our labors. But patient waiting becomes a
+virtue, only when combined with the exercise of our best powers in
+promoting the object of our desire. We must adapt our efforts to the
+express object which we seek to attain. Taking those spiritual weapons
+which are "mighty for the pulling down of the strongholds" of sin, let
+us assault the great evils of slavery and oppression of every name and
+kind, always marching under the banners of the Prince of Peace, whose
+conquests are achieved not by violence, but by the subduing power of
+Godlike love. Let us go forth, brethren, sisters, a feeble band though
+we may seem to the eye of man, yet strong in the assurance that the
+hosts of heaven are encamped round about us, and that "more are they
+that are with us, than they that are" on the side of the oppressor;
+and let us not falter until in God's own good time the word shall be
+spoken, not as, we would hope, in the whirlwind or the earthquake,
+but in the "still small voice" of the oppressor's own conviction,
+saying to the slaves, "Go free!"
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Mary Willard]
+
+
+
+
+A Welcome to Mrs. H. B. Stowe, on her Return from Europe.
+
+
+    She comes, she comes, o'er the bounding wave,
+      Borne swift as an eagle's flight;
+    She comes, the tried friend of the slave,--
+      Truth's champion for the right.
+
+    Not as the blood-stained warrior comes,
+      With shrill-sounding fife and drums;
+    But peaceful by our quiet homes,
+      The conquering heroine comes.
+
+    Then welcome to our Pilgrim shore,
+      Tho' sad affliction[6] meet thee;
+    Three million welcomes from God's poor,
+      The south winds bear, to greet thee.
+
+    To thee, with chain-linked hearts we come,
+      Which naught but death can sever,
+    To thank thee for thy "Uncle Tom,"
+      Thy gentle-hearted "Eva."
+
+    When the crushed slave himself shall own,
+      Three million fetters broken,
+    Shall mount before thee, to the Throne;
+      Of thy true life, the token.
+
+    Then welcome to our northern hills;
+      Thy own New England dwelling;
+    The birds, the trees, the sparkling rills,
+      All, are thy welcome swelling.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Joseph C. Holly.]
+
+ROCHESTER, N. Y., October 19th, 1853.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[6] The sickness of her daughter.
+
+
+
+
+Forward.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN OF HOFFMAN, IN FOLLERSLEBEN.
+
+
+    It is a time of swell and flood,
+      We linger on the strand,
+    And all that might to us bring good
+      Lies in the distant land.
+
+    O forward! forward! why stand still?
+      The flood will ne'er run dry;
+    Who through the wave not venture will,
+      That land shall never spy.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) T. W. Higginson.]
+
+
+
+
+What has Canada to do with Slavery?
+
+
+The question is often asked, both in Canada and in the United States:
+What have we in Canada to do with the Institution of Slavery, as it
+exists in the neighboring Republic? I do not think that a better
+answer is necessary, than that which is contained in the following
+extracts--the former of which is taken from a speech delivered by
+George Thompson, Esq., at the formation of the Anti-Slavery Society of
+Canada--the latter from the valuable work of the Rev. Albert Barnes on
+Slavery:
+
+"Are we separated geographically and politically from the country
+where slavery reigns? We are, for that very reason, the persons best
+able to form an unbiassed and sound judgment on the question at issue.
+We have as much to do with this question as with any question that
+concerns the happiness of man, the glory of God, or the hopes and
+destinies of the human race. We have to do with this question, for it
+lies at the foundation of our own rights as a portion of the human
+family. The cause of liberty is one all over the world. What have you
+to do with this question? The slave is your brother, and you cannot
+dissolve that Union. While he remains God's child he will remain your
+brother. He is helpless, and you are free and powerful; and if you
+neglect him, you are not doing as you would have others do to you,
+were you in bonds. Know you not that it is God's method to save man by
+man, and that man is only great, and honorable, and blest himself, as
+he is the friend and defender of those who need his aid. You are
+dwellers on the same continent with three millions of slaves. Their
+sighs come to you with every breeze from the South. Oh, haste to help
+them, that this glorious continent may be freed from its pollution and
+its curse."
+
+Extract from Barnes on slavery:
+
+"Slavery pertains to a great wrong done to our common nature, and
+affects great questions, relating to the final triumph of the
+principles of justice and humanity. The race is one great brotherhood,
+and every man is under obligation, as far as he has the ability, to
+defend those principles which will permanently promote the welfare of
+the human family. * * * * The questions of right and wrong know no
+geographical limits; are bounded by no conventional lines; are
+circumscribed by the windings of no river or stream, and are not
+designated by climate or by the course of the sun. There are no
+enclosures within which the question of right and wrong may not be
+carried with the utmost freedom."
+
+Other answers might be given, but these are quite sufficient.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Thomas Henning]
+
+
+
+
+The Fugitive Slave Bill: a Fragment.
+
+
+But ours is the saddest part of this sad business. It would be hard
+enough to live surrounded by bondmen, even though we had never known
+any other way of life. Still, for one who had grown up with young
+slaves for playmates and for nurses, there might be much in the
+relation to quiet the conscience and soothe the sensibilities. Strong
+attachments, we all know, are often realized, even in a condition of
+things so anomalous. Perhaps, too, a large number of those about us
+would be as feeble in capacity as humble in their circumstances. One
+so born might tolerate such a position. But how different,--how, in
+comparison, and in every way intolerable, to be set as watchmen and
+interceptors of these, the brighter and the better, who, beyond all
+controversy, have outgrown the estate of bondage, and who are so
+loudly called of God to be freemen, that they will brave any peril in
+obedience to the call! How can we do this and still be men and
+Christians? Would our brethren at the south do it for us? If we have,
+in our haste, so covenanted, must we not rather pay the penalty than
+fulfil the bond? I recognize obedience to civil government as the
+solemn duty of all save _those who without cause are made outlaws by
+the State_. Government protects our hearths and shelters those who are
+dearest to us. But we can honor the law by submitting to its penalties
+as well as by complying with its demands, and the penalty would be my
+election when a man who had seized his manhood at the peril of his
+life should claim of me shelter and the means of escape. Before I
+refuse that, "may my right hand forget its cunning and my tongue
+cleave to the roof of my mouth."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Rufus Ellis.]
+
+
+
+
+The Encroachment of the Slave-Power.
+
+EXTRACT.
+
+
+Such is the unholy and gigantic power that, leaving its territorial
+domain, has usurped the seat of freedom--that has established at our
+capitol a central despotism, and bends to its will with iron hand the
+Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of our Federal
+Government.
+
+I have marvelled, sir, as you have, that the Spirit of Freedom in our
+fair land has so long slumbered beneath such an outrage. But I imagine
+her awakening. As she is about to awaken in her strength, and with the
+voice of the people, like the sound of many waters, rebuking this
+insolent slave-power, as Milton tells us its father and inventor was
+of old rebuked, as he sought to pass the bounds of his prison-house,
+and to darken with his presence the realms of light--
+
+    "And reckon'st thou thyself with spirits of Heaven,
+    Hell-doom'd! and breath'st defiance here and scorn,
+    Where I reign King, and to enrage thee more
+    Thy King and Lord? Back to thy punishment
+    False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings,
+    Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue
+    Thy lingering, or with one stroke of this dart,
+    Strange horrors seize thee and pangs unfelt before."
+
+          Faithfully yours,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) John Jay, esq.]
+
+
+
+
+The Dishonor of Labor.
+
+
+The fundamental, essential cause of slavery and its concomitants,
+ignorance, degradation and suffering on the one side, as of idleness,
+prodigality and luxury-born disease on the other, is a false idea of
+the nature and offices of Labor.
+
+Labor is not truly a curse, as has too long been asserted. It only
+becomes such through human perverseness, misconception and sin. It was
+no curse to the first pair in Eden, and will not be to their
+descendants, whenever and wherever the spirit of Eden shall pervade
+them. It is only a curse because too many seek to engross the product
+of others' work, yet do little or none themselves. If the secret were
+but out, _that no man can really enjoy more than his own moderate
+daily labor would produce_, and _none can truly enjoy this without
+doing the work_, the death-knell of Slavery in general--in its
+subtler as well as its grosser forms--would be rung. Until that truth
+shall be thoroughly diffused, the cunning and strong will be able to
+prey upon the simple and feeble, whether the latter be called slaves
+or something else.
+
+[Illustration: Horace Greeley. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre.)]
+
+The great reform required is not a work of hours nor of days, but of
+many years. It must first pervade our literature, and thence our
+current ideas and conversation, before it can be infused into the
+common life. Meanwhile, it would be well to remember that--
+
+Every man who exchanges business for idleness, not because he has
+become too old or infirm to work, but because he has become rich
+enough to live without work;
+
+Every man who educates his son for a profession, rather than a
+mechanical or agricultural calling, not because of that son's supposed
+fitness for the former rather than the latter, but because he imagines
+Law, Physic or Preaching, a more respectable, genteel vocation, than
+building houses or growing grain;
+
+Every maiden who prefers in marriage a rich suitor of doubtful morals
+or scanty brains to a poor one, of sound principles, blameless life,
+good information and sound sense; Every mother who is pleased when
+her daughter receives marked attention from a rich lawyer or merchant,
+but frowns on the addresses of a young farmer or artisan of slender
+property, but of well-stored mind, good character and industrious,
+provident habits;
+
+Every young man who, in choosing the sharer of his fireside and the
+future mother of his children, is less solicitous as to what she is
+good for, than as to how much she is worth;
+
+Every youth who is trained to regard little work and much
+recompense--short business-hours and long dinners--as the chief ends
+of exertion and as assurances of a happy life;
+
+Every teacher who thinks more of the wages than of the opportunities
+for usefulness afforded by his or her vocation;
+
+Every rich Abolitionist, who is ashamed of being caught by
+distinguished visiters while digging in his garden or plowing in the
+field, and wishes them to understand that he so works, not for
+occupation, but for pastime; and
+
+Every Abolition lecturer who would send a hireling two miles after a
+horse, whereon to ride three miles to fulfil his next appointment
+respectably; Though meaning no such thing, and perhaps shocked when
+it is suggested, is a practical and powerful upholder of the continued
+enslavement of our fellow-men.
+
+               In the faith of the "good time coming,"
+                        I remain yours,
+
+                                     HORACE GREELEY.
+
+NEW YORK, Nov. 7, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+The Evils of Colonization
+
+
+I speak the words of soberness and truth when I say, that the most
+inveterate, the most formidable, the deadliest enemy of the peace,
+prosperity, and happiness of the colored population of the United
+States, is that system of African colonization which originated in and
+is perpetuated by a worldly, Pharoah-like policy beneath the dignity
+of a magnanimous and Christian people;--a system which receives much
+of its vitality from _ad captandum_ appeals to popular prejudices, and
+to the unholy, grovelling passions of the canaille;--a system that
+interposes every possible obstacle in the way of the improvement and
+elevation of the colored man in the land of his birth;--that
+instigates the enactment of laws whose design and tendency are
+obviously to annoy him, to make him feel, while at home, that he is a
+stranger and a pilgrim--nay more,--to make him "wretched, and
+miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked;"--to make him "a hissing
+and a by-word," "a fugitive and a vagabond" throughout the American
+Union;--a system that is so irreconcilably opposed to the purpose of
+God in making "of _one_ blood all nations for to dwell on _all_ the
+face of the earth," that when the dying slaveholder, under the lashes
+of a guilty conscience, would give to his slaves unqualified freedom,
+it wickedly interposes, and persuades him that "to do justly and love
+mercy" would be to inflict an irreparable injury upon the community,
+and that to do his duty to God and his fellow-creatures, under the
+circumstances, he should bequeath to his surviving slaves the cruel
+alternative of _either expatriation to a far-off, pestilential clime,
+with the prospect of a premature death, or perpetual slavery, with its
+untold horrors, in his native land_. Against this most iniquitous
+system of persecution and proscription of an inoffensive people, for
+no other reason than that we wear the physical exterior given us in
+infinite wisdom and benevolence, I would record, nay _engrave_ with
+the pen of a diamond, my most emphatic and solemn protest; more
+especially would I do so, as the system, under animadversion, is most
+inconsistently fostered, and shamelessly lauded, by ministers of the
+gospel in the nineteenth century, as a scheme of Christian
+philanthropy! "O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their
+assembly, mine honor, be not thou united."
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Wm. Watkins]
+
+TORONTO, C. W., Oct. 31st.
+
+
+[Illustration: William H. Seward. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+The Basis of the American Constitution
+
+
+"Happy," (said Washington, when announcing the treaty of peace to the
+army,) "thrice happy shall they be pronounced hereafter, who shall
+have contributed anything, who shall have performed the meanest office
+in erecting this stupendous fabric of freedom and empire on the broad
+basis of independency, who shall have assisted in protecting the
+Rights of Human Nature, and establishing an asylum for the poor and
+oppressed of all nations and religions."
+
+You remember well that the Revolutionary Congress in the declaration
+of independence placed the momentous controversy between the Colonies
+and Great Britain on the absolute and inherent equality of all men. It
+is not, however, so well understood that that body closed its
+existence on the adoption of the Federal Constitution with this solemn
+injunction, addressed to the people of the United States: "Let it be
+remembered that it has ever been the pride and boast of America, that
+the Rights for which she contended were the Rights of Human Nature."
+
+No one will contend that our Fathers, after effecting the Revolution
+and the independence of their country, by proclaiming this system of
+beneficent political philosophy, established an entirely different one
+in the constitution assigned to its government. This philosophy, then,
+is the basis of the American Constitution.
+
+It is, moreover, a true philosophy, deduced from the nature of man and
+the character of the Creator. If there were no supreme law, then the
+world would be a scene of universal anarchy, resulting from the
+eternal conflict of peculiar institutions and antagonistic laws. There
+being such a universal law, if any human constitution and laws
+differing from it could have any authority, then that universal law
+could not be supreme. That supreme law is necessarily based on the
+equality of nations, of races, and of men. It is a simple,
+self-evident basis. One nation, race, or individual, may not oppress
+or injure another, because the safety and welfare of each is essential
+to the common safety and welfare of all. If all are not equal and
+free, then who is entitled to be free, and what evidence of his
+superiority can he bring from nature or revelation? All men
+necessarily have a common interest in the promulgation and maintenance
+of these principles, because it is equally in the nature of men to be
+content with the enjoyment of their just rights, and to be
+discontented under the privation of them. Just so far as these
+principles practically prevail, the stringency of government is safely
+relaxed, and peace and harmony obtain. But men cannot maintain these
+principles, or even comprehend them, without a very considerable
+advance in knowledge and virtue. The law of nations, designed to
+preserve peace among mankind, was unknown to the ancients. It has been
+perfected in our own times, by means of the more general dissemination
+of knowledge and practice of the virtues inculcated by Christianity.
+To disseminate knowledge, and to increase virtue therefore among men,
+is to establish and maintain the principles on which the recovery and
+preservation of their inherent natural rights depend; and the State
+that does this most faithfully, advances most effectually the common
+cause of Human Nature.
+
+For myself, I am sure that this cause is not a dream, but a reality.
+Have not all men consciousness of a property in the memory of human
+transactions available for the same great purposes, the security of
+their individual rights, and the perfection of their individual
+happiness? Have not all men a consciousness of the same equal interest
+in the achievements of invention, in the instructions of philosophy,
+and in the solaces of music and the arts? And do not these
+achievements, instructions, and solaces, exert everywhere the same
+influences, and produce the same emotions in the bosoms of all men?
+Since all languages are convertible into each other, by correspondence
+with the same agents, objects, actions, and emotions, have not all men
+practically one common language? Since the constitutions and laws of
+all societies are only so many various definitions of the rights and
+duties of men as those rights and duties are learned from Nature and
+Revelation, have not all men practically one code of moral duty? Since
+the religions of men, in their various climes, are only so many
+different forms of their devotion towards a Supreme and Almighty Power
+entitled to their reverence and receiving it under the various names
+of Jehovah, Jove, and Lord, have not all men practically one
+religion? Since all men are seeking liberty and happiness for a
+season here, and to deserve and so to secure more perfect liberty and
+happiness somewhere in a future world, and, since they all
+substantially agree that these temporal and spiritual objects are to
+be attained only through the knowledge of truth and the practice of
+virtue, have not mankind practically one common pursuit through one
+common way of one common and equal hope and destiny?
+
+If there had been no such common Humanity as I have insisted upon,
+then the American people would not have enjoyed the sympathies of
+mankind when establishing institutions of civil and religious liberty
+here, nor would their establishment here have awakened in the nations
+of Europe and of South America desires and hopes of similar
+institutions there. If there had been no such common Humanity, then we
+should not ever, since the American Revolution, have seen human
+society throughout the world divided into two parties, the high and
+the low--the one perpetually foreboding and earnestly hoping the
+downfall, and the other as confidently predicting and as sincerely
+desiring, the durability of Republican Institutions. If there had been
+no such common Humanity, then we should not have seen this tide of
+emigration from insular and continental Europe flowing into our
+country through the channels of the St. Lawrence, the Hudson, and the
+Mississippi,--ebbing, however, always with the occasional rise of the
+hopes of freedom abroad, and always swelling again into greater volume
+when those premature hopes subside. If there were no such common
+Humanity, then the poor of Great Britain would not be perpetually
+appealing to us against the oppression of landlords on their farms and
+work-masters in their manufactories and mines; and so, on the other
+hand, we should not be, as we are now, perpetually framing apologies
+to mankind for the continuance of African slavery among ourselves. If
+there were no such common Humanity, then the fame of Wallace would
+have long ago died away in his native mountains, and the name even of
+Washington would at most have been only a household word in Virginia,
+and not as it is now, a watchword of Hope and Progress throughout the
+world.
+
+If there had been no such common Humanity, then when the civilization
+of Greece and Rome had been consumed by the fires of human passion,
+the nations of modern Europe could never have gathered from among its
+ashes the philosophy, the arts, and the religion, which were
+imperishable, and have reconstructed with those materials that better
+civilization, which, amid the conflicts and fall of political and
+ecclesiastical systems, has been constantly advancing towards
+perfection in every succeeding age. If there had been no such common
+Humanity, then the dark and massive Egyptian obelisk would not have
+everywhere reappeared in the sepulchral architecture of our own times,
+and the light and graceful orders of Greece and Italy would not as now
+have been the models of our villas and our dwellings, nor would the
+simple and lofty arch and the delicate tracery of Gothic design have
+been as it now is, everywhere consecrated to the service of religion.
+
+If there had been no such common humanity, then would the sense of the
+obligation of the Decalogue have been confined to the despised nation
+who received it from Mount Sinai, and the prophecies of Jewish seers
+and the songs of Jewish bards would have perished forever with their
+temple, and never afterwards could they have become as they now are,
+the universal utterance of the spiritual emotions and hopes of
+mankind. If there had been no such common humanity, then certainly
+Europe and Africa, and even new America, would not, after the lapse of
+centuries, have recognized a common Redeemer, from all the sufferings
+and perils of human life, in a culprit who had been ignominiously
+executed in the obscure Roman province of Judea; nor would Europe have
+ever gone up in arms to Palestine, to wrest from the unbelieving Turk
+the tomb where that culprit had slept for only three days and nights
+after his descent from the cross,--much less would his traditionary
+instructions, preserved by fishermen and publicans, have become the
+chief agency in the renovation of human society, through after-coming
+ages.
+
+                                   WM. H. SEWARD.
+
+
+
+
+A Wish.
+
+
+    "Could I embody and unbosom now,
+    That which is most within me;--could I wreak
+    My thoughts upon expression, and thus throw
+    Soul, heart, mind, passions, feelings strong or weak,
+    All that I would have sought, and all I seek,
+    Bear, know, and feel, and breathe,--into _one_ word,
+    And that one word were lightning"--
+
+I would speak it, not to crush the oppressor, but to melt the chains
+of slave and master, so that _both_ should go free.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Caroline M. Kirkland.]
+
+NEW YORK, November 8th, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+A Dialogue.
+
+SCENE.--A BREAKFAST TABLE.
+
+MRS. GOODMAN, _a widow_.
+FRANK GOODMAN, _her son_.
+MR. FREEMAN, _a Southern gentleman, brother to Mrs. Goodman_.
+MR. DRYMAN, _a boarder_.
+
+
+MR. FREEMAN. (_Sipping his coffee and looking over the morning paper_)
+reads--
+
+"The performance of Uncle Tom's Cabin attracts to the theatre very
+unusual audiences. In the "genteel row" last evening, we observed the
+strictest religionists of the day, not excepting puritanic
+Presbyterians, and the sober disciples of Wesley and Fox. For
+ourselves, we must candidly confess we have never witnessed such a
+_play_ upon all the emotions of which humanity is susceptible. Mrs.
+Stowe, however unworthy the name of Patriot, is at least entitled to
+the credit of seizing the great thought of the age, and embodying it
+in such a form as to make it presentable to every order of mind and
+every class of society. She says, in effect, to Legislators, let me
+furnish your amusements, and I care not who makes your laws."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Politicians would do well to look to this--(_laying down the paper and
+speaking in a tone of impatience_)--so, so, Fanaticism is leading to
+its legitimate results. Uncle Tom in our parlors, Uncle Tom in our
+pulpits, and Uncle Tom in our plays.
+
+_Mr. Dryman._ Truly "he eateth with publicans and sinners."
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Not noticing Mr. D's remark._) One would think this last
+appropriation of the vaunted hero would be sufficient to convince the
+most radical of the demoralizing influence of these publications.
+
+_Frank._ (_Modestly._) How differently people judge. Why, last
+evening, when I saw crowds of the hardened and dissipated shedding
+tears of honest sympathy, when Uncle Tom and Eva sang,
+
+    "I see a band of spirits bright,
+    And conquering palms they bear"--
+
+I felt that the moral sentiment was asserting its supremacy even in
+places of amusement.
+
+_Mr. F._ Worse and worse, my nephew and namesake a theatre-goer.
+
+_Mr. D._ (_In an under tone._) Namesake! "that's the unkindest cut of
+all."
+
+_Frank._ Not exactly a theatre-goer, uncle, though I confess I might
+be, were the performance always as excellent as last evening.
+
+_Mrs. Goodman._ Frank, my son, I hope thee will not attempt to drink
+from a dirty pool because a pure stream flows into it.
+
+_Frank._ But the rank and file of Democracy drank deep libations to
+Liberty there, mother.
+
+_Mr. D._ (_Passing his cup._) "Drink deep or taste not of the Pierian
+spring."
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Sarcastically._) Take care, you'll be found using the
+products of slave labor!
+
+_Frank._ (_Jocosely._)
+
+    "Think how many backs have smarted,
+    For the sweets," &c.
+
+Take a bit of toast, Mr. Dryman, our northern products are perfectly
+innocent, you know?
+
+_Mr. D._ (_Helping himself bountifully._) "Ask no questions for
+conscience's sake."
+
+_Mr. F._ The practice of you Northerners is consistent with your
+professions.
+
+_Mr. D._ "Consistency, thou art a jewel!"
+
+_Frank._ It is very hard to be consistent in this world, uncle. My
+mother once made a resolution to use nothing polluted by Intemperance
+or Oppression, but finding that it required her to take constant
+thought "what we should eat and drink, and wherewithal we should be
+clothed," she was fain to relax her discipline.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Frank, thee must not transcend the truth in thy
+mirthfulness.
+
+_Frank._ Well, mother, did not some experiment of the kind lead to the
+conclusion, that I might exercise my freedom in worldly amusements?
+
+_Mrs. G._ Yes, my son, but thy enthusiasm about the theatre makes me
+fear I have gone beyond my light.
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Bitterly._) Never fear, sister, the young man will soon
+prove that Abolition Societies and Theatres are admirable schools of
+morals.
+
+_Frank._ Uncle Tom at least has a good moral, and so has William Tell
+and Pizarro--indeed I do not remember of ever reading a play which had
+not.
+
+_Mr. F._ (_In a tone of irony._) When I see a young man spending his
+time at the theatre, in search of good morals, I think he "pays too
+dear for his whistle."
+
+_Mrs. G._ And yet brother Frank speaks the truth. What success does
+thee think a play would meet, which should represent such a man as
+Uncle Tom yielding his principles and faith to the will of a Legree?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_With great asperity._) Do you, too, Rebecca, advocate
+theatres?
+
+_Mrs. G._ It is not of theatres, but of books, that I am speaking.
+Does thee recollect any work, the whole plot and design of which is
+made to turn upon the triumph of the wicked over the good?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Musing._) Why--I--don't remember now--
+
+_Frank._ (_In great surprise._) Why, mother, are there no books
+written in favor of Slavery?
+
+_Mrs. G._ I cannot think of any book which can be said to be written
+for Slavery, in the sense that Uncle Tom's Cabin is written against
+it. Such a work is, I think, impossible. No poet would attempt to
+portray its moral aspects, and delineate its beauties, with the idea
+of exciting our admiration and approval.
+
+_Mr. F._ Spoken just like a woman! Your sex always seize upon some
+thought gained through the sensibilities, and then bring in a
+decision without farther investigation.
+
+_Frank._ And is not the instinct of a woman a more perfect guide in
+morals, than the reason of man?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Sarcastically._) Certainly--if it direct her son to the
+theatre.
+
+_Mr. D._ Or teach him the supremacy of the "Higher Law."
+
+_Frank._ (_With warmth_.) My mother did not direct me to the theatre,
+sir; she has taught me to love better things;--to her I owe all the
+lofty sentiments of virtue and truth.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Softly, softly Frank, theatres and Slavery will be quite
+sufficient for this discussion, without introducing Woman's Rights.
+(_To Mr. Freeman_.) Would it not be more consistent, brother, for thee
+to disprove my argument, than to object to my method of obtaining it?
+
+_Mr. F._ Nothing can be easier--you have asserted in round terms that
+no work was ever written in favor of Slavery. What an absurdity! If
+you have any information you must know that the southern press groans
+with publications upon this topic.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Still if thee examine the matter, thee will find that every
+one of these books treats Slavery as a curse, and describes it not as
+a _good_ but an _evil_, of which each man loads the guilt upon his
+forefathers or his neighbors.
+
+_Mr. F._ Granted they call it a curse, but assuredly they bring
+forward a defence.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Yes, they defend the Constitution; they defend the rights of
+the south; they advocate Colonization, or point out the errors of
+Abolitionists, but what one in word or in effect advocates the
+principles of human Slavery? The truth is, brother, the system has the
+literature of the world against it; and the south ought to see in this
+reading age an infallible sign that the days of its cherished
+institutions are numbered. Does thee not perceive that every novel and
+every poem carries to the parlor, or, if it please thee, to the
+theatre, an influence which will eventually re-act on the ballot-box.
+
+_Frank._ Do you mean, mother, to include in your remarks the
+discourses of Reverend Divines upon the Patriarchal Institution?
+
+_Mrs. G._ I cannot except even these; for they acknowledge it an evil,
+though they contend it exists by divine ordination, just as they
+assert Original Sin to be the offspring of Eternal Decrees; but they
+no more convince the Slaveholder, that he loves his bondman as
+himself, than they convict him of the guilt of Adam's transgression.
+
+_Mr. F._ What do you say to Webster's great speech on the compromise
+measure?
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_Pleasantly._) Is not the moral view of a question, about
+as far as a woman's instinct ought to go?
+
+_Mr. F._ Oh, no; go on, your strictures are quite amusing.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Well, then, since _we_ have taken the position of a
+reviewer, _we_ must confess that the last effort of the great Daniel
+appears to us to be _on an Act of Congress_.
+
+_Mr. D._ And _at_ the Presidential chair.
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_Continuing._) It did not touch the merits of slavery at
+all. Webster knew the feelings of the constituents too well to attempt
+such a task. He therefore skilfully diverted their attention from his
+real issue, to the glorious Union, and its danger from agitators, and
+he thus carried with him the sympathies of many honest haters of
+oppression.
+
+_Mr. F._ Well, sister, I do not know but you will prove that there is
+not an advocate for slavery on the face of the earth.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Only such advocates as there is for robbery and war. Those
+who find it for their interest to practice these crimes condemn them
+in the abstract, or at most only apologize for them, as necessary and
+expedient, under peculiar circumstances.
+
+_Frank._ (_Laughing._) Why, mother, I shall certainly subscribe for
+your "North American Review," particularly if you fill the literary
+department as ably as you have the moral and political, to test which,
+let me propound a question? If the reward of the good be the charm of
+fiction, how do you account for the pleasure derived from tragedy,
+where the good are overwhelmed with the evil?
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_Smiling._) With great diffidence we reply to the query of
+our learned friend. The force of tragedy consists in its depicting
+evil so ruinous as to involve even the innocent in the catastrophe;
+the pleasure is derived, we think, from the _failure_ of the
+mischievous design, and the merited retribution which falls upon the
+head of the plotters. In Romeo, "a scourge is laid upon the hate of
+the Montagues and Capulets, by which all are punished;" Hamlet's
+wicked uncle is justly served, drinking the poison tempered by
+himself; and Iago pulls down ruin upon himself no less than upon
+Cassio.
+
+_Frank._ (_Bowing playfully_.) Your review meets my entire
+approbation, inasmuch as it confirms my doctrine, that theatres always
+give their verdict in favor of virtue.
+
+_Mr. D._ "Casting out devils through Beelzebub."
+
+_Mrs. G._ The artistic effect of every work of the imagination is
+wrought upon what critics call the "sympathetic emotion of virtue,"
+and the decisions of this faculty, so far as we understand them,
+always correspond with what Christians believe concerning the "final
+restitution of all things."
+
+_Frank._ The theatre, then, ought to promote good morals--why does it
+not?
+
+_Mr. D._
+
+          "And many worthy men
+    Maintained it might be turned to good account,
+    And so perhaps it might, but never was."
+
+_Mrs. G._ The "sympathetic emotion of virtue," not having an object,
+never rises to passion, and therefore never produces action.
+Philosophers tell us that a thought of virtue passing often through
+the mind, without being wrought out into a fact, weakens the moral
+sense; thus people may read the best of books, and witness the finest
+exhibitions of moral beauty, and constantly retrograde in virtue. The
+dissolute characters of players, who continually utter the loftiest
+sentiments, and practice the lowest vices, are accounted for on this
+principle; and we ought to judge the theatre as we do slavery, by its
+demoralizing effect upon those engaged in it.
+
+_Mr. F._ Do you mean to say, Rebecca, that slaveholding has the same
+effect upon me that stage-playing has upon the actor?
+
+_Mrs. G._ Well, brother, I put it to thy own conscience. Does thee
+not, daily, in dealing with thy slaves, stifle thy emotions of piety,
+generosity, and love, and is it not easier to do this now than it was
+twenty years ago, when, with a heart full of tenderness and truth,
+thee left us for thy southern home?
+
+_Mr. F._ (_Rising and pacing the room with great agitation_.) Now,
+sister, you are going to introduce another absurdity! Do I practice
+the principles learned in the nursery? No, I do not! Do I believe
+"honesty is the best policy" and its kindred humbugs? Of course I
+don't! Show me the man who does? Do I follow the precepts of the
+sermon on the Mount? Not I! The man who should undertake to do so
+would make himself a perfect laughing-stock. I should like to see one
+of your northern hypocrites attempt it. Ha! ha! ha! "Lay not up
+treasure upon earth," and "take no thought for the morrow;" why, what
+else do people take thought for, either North or South? It is not what
+they shall eat, drink, or wear to-day, that worries them, but how they
+shall lay up something for themselves or their children hereafter. You
+silly women are always talking about righteousness, as if you really
+thought it could enter in human plans, but we men of the world, who
+have to wring the precious dollar from the hard hand of labor, know
+better! I tell you, Rebecca, I don't believe there is a business-man
+in your pious Quaker city even, who would dare acquaint his wife and
+daughters with all his little arrangements for amassing wealth. Ha!
+ha! ha! How the pretty things would stare at the tricks of the trade,
+and simper: "Is that right?" As though anybody thought business
+principles were gospel principles! As though they expected a man was
+going to love his neighbor as himself, when he was making a bargain
+with him! It provokes me to see you make yourself so ridiculous! You
+ought to know that every man _acts_ on the principle, that "Wealth is
+the chief good;" and you ought to know, too, that there the
+slaveholders have the advantage of you entirely. They do right to
+work, and grind it out of the slaves on a large scale, and call
+Abraham and Moses to witness the patriarchal method, while your
+northern mercenaries scheme and speculate how they can turn a penny
+out of ignorance and poverty, and have not even the apology of a
+precedent for their meanness. Why, one of our generous
+southern planters is as far above one of your stingy
+shave-three-cents-on-a-yard-tradesmen, as Robin Hood is above a
+miserable tea-spoon burglar. The south sails under false colors, does
+it? What flag do your platform men give to the wind, I should like to
+know? What do they care for the Fugitive Slave Law? Half of them would
+help a runaway to Canada with as good a will as they'd eat their
+dinner. (_Coming close and sitting down, so as to look fixedly in her
+face_.) I'll tell you what, sister, the chivalry of the south responds
+to you northern Christians who prate so loud of brotherhood and
+charity, in the words of young Cancer to his mother--"_Libenter tuis
+praeceptis obsequar, si te prius idem facientem videro_."
+
+_Mrs. G._ (_very gently_.) These strictures, brother, are too keenly
+just. They remind me of Kossuth's assertion, that there is not yet a
+Christian nation on the earth, nor yet a Christian church, that dare
+venture entirely upon the principles of the Gospel. Still, the
+aberration of reformers proves no more in favor of slavery, than the
+vices and miseries of civilized life prove that barbarism is the
+natural and happy state of the human race; nay, these very aberrations
+prove that a centripetal power counteracts the opposing force, and
+holds them within the genial influence of the sun of truth.
+
+The law of spiritual gravitation is little understood. But thousands
+of philosophers are closely observing the phenomena, and carefully
+comparing them with the data given in the Sermon on the Mount; and it
+is not too much to hope that this generation will give to the world a
+Newton, whose moral mathematics shall demonstrate that the _law_ of
+_love_ is the true theory of individual and national prosperity.
+
+_Mr. F._ Well, sister, I wish you much joy of your millennial state;
+but before the Sermon on the Mount becomes the code of nations, I
+guess you will find--
+
+_Mr. D._ (_interrupting_.) "A little more grape, Captain Bragg!"
+
+_Frank._ I tell you, uncle, "there's a good time coming." Mother is a
+prophet. I have watched her words all my life, and I never knew them
+fall to the ground.
+
+_Mrs. G._ Observe, my friends, that the Sermon on the Mount puts
+blessing before requirement. If you accept these beatitudes as the
+gift of your Divine Master, you will find that obedience to the
+precepts which follow, is not the unwilling service of a bondsman, but
+the free and natural action of an unfranchised spirit.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) C. A. Bloss]
+
+CLOVER STREET SEM., November 10th, 1853.
+
+
+[Illustration: Gerritt Smith (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+A Time of Justice will Come
+
+
+We are conscious of the odium that rests upon us. We feel that we are
+wronged; but we are not impatient for the righting of our wrongs. We
+bide our time. The men that shall come after us, will do us justice.
+The present generation of America cannot "judge righteous judgment,"
+in the case of the uncompromising friends of freedom, religion, and
+law. They are so debauched and blinded by slavery, and by the perverse
+and low ideas of freedom, religion, and law, which it engenders, that
+they "call evil good, and good evil; put darkness for light, and light
+for darkness; put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter." They have
+been living out the lie of slavery so long, and have been, thereby,
+deadening their consciences so long, as to be now well nigh incapable
+of perceiving the wide and everlasting distinctions between truth and
+falsehood.
+
+                                   GERRITT SMITH.
+
+
+
+
+Hope and Confidence.
+
+
+    O! What a strange thing is the human heart!
+      With its youth, and its joy and fear!
+    It doats upon creatures that day-dreams impart,--
+    Full sorely it grieves when their beauties depart,
+      And weeps bitter tears over their bier.
+
+    The veriest gleamings that dart into birth,
+      Reveal to its being of light:
+    The dimliest shadows that flit upon earth,
+    Allure it, with promise of pleasure and mirth
+      In a country, where never is night.
+
+    It leaves the sure things of its own real home,
+      To pursue the mere phantoms of thought!
+    Well knowing, that certain, there soon must come,
+    An end to the visions, that so gladsome,
+      It bewilder'd, has eagerly sought.
+
+[Illustration: Chas. L. Reason (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+    It fleeth the wholesome prose of life,
+      With its riches all sure and told:
+    And scorning the beauties, that calmly in strife
+    Truth fashions, it longs for the things all rife
+      With glitter, and color, and gold.
+
+    It buildeth its home 'neath an ever calm sky,
+      Near streams wherein crown-jewels sleep,--
+    And there it reposeth: while soothingly nigh,
+    Some loved one, perchance, doth most wooingly sigh,
+      As the zephyrs all full-laden creep.
+
+    Thus it musingly wasteth its strength, in dreams
+      Of bliss, that can never prove true:
+    And ever it revels amid what seems,
+    A paradise smiling with Hope's warm beams,
+      And flowers all spangled with dew.
+
+    But, even as flowers are broken and fade,
+      And yield up their perfumes--their souls,--
+    So vanish the colors of which dreams are made,--
+    So perish the structures on which Hope is staid,
+      And the treasures to which the heart holds.
+
+    In vain does it follow the wandering forms
+      That promise, yet always recede:--
+    Too briefly the sunshine is darken'd by storms:
+    Hope minstrels it onward, yet never informs
+      Of the dangers unseen, that impede.
+
+    The Heart trusts the outward: "Of man 'tis the whole."
+      Thus Confidence clings to decay!
+    It feels the sweet homage that riches control,--
+    And laughs in contempt at the wealth of the soul:
+      And behold! now, friends wait for their prey.
+
+    It trusteth in glory, and beauty, and youth,--
+      In love-vows that ne'er are to die:
+    But soon the Death-king, in whose heart is no ruth,
+    Enfolds it,--and mounting aloft, of Truth
+      Thus sings, as turns glassy the eye.
+
+    "There's nothing so lovely and bright below,
+      As the shapes of the purified mind!
+    Nought surer to which the weak heart can grow,
+    On which it can rest, as it onward doth go,
+      Than that Truth which its own tendrils bind.
+
+    "Yes! Truth opes within a pure sun-tide of bliss,
+      And shows in its ever calm flood,
+    A transcript of regions, where no darkness is,
+    Where HOPE its conceptions may realize,
+      And CONFIDENCE sleep in 'The Good.'"
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Chas. L. Reason.]
+
+
+
+
+A Letter that Speaks for Itself.
+
+
+To T---- M----.
+
+Disinterested benevolence, my dear sir, has nothing at all to do with
+abolitionism. Nay, I doubt very much if there is such a thing as
+disinterested benevolence; but be this as it may, there is no occasion
+for it in the anti-slavery ranks.
+
+It is selfishness,--sheer selfishness, that has thus far carried on
+the war with slavery and wrong in all times; and selfishness must
+break the chains of the American slave.
+
+Self-love has fixed the chain around the arm of every leader and every
+soldier in the American anti-slavery army. Where would William Lloyd
+Garrison have been to-day, if any combination of circumstances could
+have shut in his soul's deep hatred of oppression, and prevented its
+finding utterance in burning words? He would have been dead and
+rotten. It is necessary to his own existence that he should
+work,--work for the slave; and in his work he gratifies all the
+strongest instincts of his nature, more completely than even the
+grossest sensualist can gratify _his_, by unlimited indulgence.
+
+Gerritt Smith, too. Suppose he was compelled to hoard his princely
+fortune, or spend it as most others do! O dear! what a dyspeptic we
+should have in six months; and all the hydropathic institutes in the
+country could never keep him alive five years.
+
+John P. Hale would soon be done with his rotund person and jovial
+face, if he could no longer send the sharp arrows of his wit and
+sarcasm into the consciences of his human-whipping neighbors.
+
+It is a necessity of all great nations to hate meanness, and nothing
+under God's heaven ever was so mean as American slavery. Think of it.
+_Men_ who swagger around with pistols and bowie-knifes to avenge their
+insulted honor, if any one should question it,--imagine one turning up
+his sleeves to horsewhip an old woman for burning his steak, or
+pocketing her wages, earned at the wash-tub!
+
+No one with a soul above that of a pig-louse, could help loathing the
+system, the instant he saw it in its native meanness. Then, in order
+to keep his own self-respect,--to gratify the love of the good and
+true in his own soul, he _must_ express that loathing.
+
+No disinterestedness about doing right, for nobody can be so much
+interested in the act as the doer of it.
+
+Wrong-doing is the only possible self-abnegation, of which the whole
+range of thought admits.
+
+All the humiliation and agony of the Saviour himself, were necessary
+to himself. Nothing less could have expressed the infinite love of the
+Divine nature; and in working out a most perfect righteousness for
+those he loved, he also wrought out a most perfect happiness for
+himself.
+
+The eternal law of God links the happiness of all the creatures made
+in His image in an electric chain, united in the Divine love; and He,
+who has "a fellow-feeling for our infirmities," has given us a
+fellow-feeling with the sufferings of each other. So that no soul in
+which the Divine image is not totally obscured, can know of the misery
+of another, without a sympathetic throb of sorrow.
+
+The true heart in Maine _cannot_ know that the slave-mother in Georgia
+is weeping for her children, torn from her arms by avarice, without
+feeling her anguish palpitating in its inmost core.
+
+It is the pulsations of the sympathetic heart which stretches out the
+hand to interfere between her and her aggressor; and abolitionists are
+just seeking a soft pillow that they may "sleep o' nights."
+
+It is selfishness, I tell you, all selfishness! The great whale when
+she gives up her own large life to protect her young one, and the
+little wren when she carries all the nice tit bits to her babies, are
+as true to themselves as the old pig when she shoulders all her little
+family out of the trough.
+
+The whale enjoys death, and the wren her little fellows' supper, with
+a better zest than an old grunter does her corn, and Wm. Gildersten in
+spending money and laboring to prevent any more scenes of brutal
+violence in his State, by punishing the one past, gratifies his own
+loves and longings quite as much as Judge Grier in grunting out his
+wrath against all lovers of liberty.
+
+The one would enjoy being hanged for the cause of God and Humanity,
+more than the other would the luxury of hanging him, even if he could
+have _all_ the pleasure to himself,--be not only judge and
+persecutor, as he prefers, but marshal, jailor, and hangman to boot.
+
+More than this, every creature, so far as other creatures are
+concerned, has a right to be happy in his own way. Nero had as much
+right to wish for power to cut off all the heads in Italy at one blow,
+as an innocent pig to wish for capacity to eat all the corn in the
+world. Mankind has no right to punish either for the desire or its
+manifestation. They should only make fences to prevent the
+accomplishment of the wish.
+
+Americans have no right to punish Judge Grier for wishing to persecute
+everybody who attempts to enforce State laws against murderous
+assaults by _his_ officers. They should content themselves with
+fencing his Honor in, or, if necessary, putting a ring in his nose. He
+has as much right to be Judge Grier as George Washington had to be
+George Washington, and is no more selfish in following the instincts
+of his nature, than Washington was in following his.
+
+          Without any great respect,
+                      I am your friend,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Jane G. Swisshelm]
+
+
+
+
+On Freedom.
+
+
+    Once I wished I might rehearse
+    Freedom's paean in my verse,
+    That the slave who caught the strain
+    Should throb until he snapt his chain.
+    But the Spirit said, "Not so;
+    Speak it not, or speak it low;
+    Name not lightly to be said,
+    Gift too precious to be prayed,
+    Passion not to be exprest
+    But by heaving of the breast;
+    Yet,--would'st thou the mountain find
+    Where this deity is shrined,
+    Who gives the seas and sunset-skies
+    Their unspent beauty of surprise,
+    And, when it lists him, waken can
+    Brute and savage into man;
+    Or, if in thy heart he shine,
+    Blends the starry fates with thine,
+    Draws angels nigh to dwell with thee,
+    And makes thy thoughts archangels be;
+    Freedom's secret would'st thou know?--
+    Right thou feelest rashly do.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) R. W. Emerson.]
+
+
+
+
+Mary Smith,
+
+AN ANTI-SLAVERY REMINISCENCE.
+
+
+Some years ago a free colored woman, who was born in New England, and
+had gone to the south to attend upon some family, was shipwrecked, as
+she was returning northwards, on the coast of North Carolina. She,
+however, as well as some of the crew of the vessel, was saved. The
+half-civilized people of that region rendered some assistance to the
+shipwrecked party; but Mary Smith was detained by one of the natives
+as a slave.
+
+The poor woman succeeded in getting a letter written to some person in
+Boston, in which the particulars of her story were narrated. Either
+this letter, or one afterwards written, contained references to people
+in Boston who were acquainted with her.
+
+It was not very easy, even with these references, to get sufficient
+evidence to prove the freedom and identity of an obscure person, who
+had been away from Boston for some years. A strong interest, however,
+was felt in the case wherever it became known. And Rev. Samuel
+Snowden, well-remembered by the name of Father Snowden, with his usual
+indomitable energy and perseverance in aiding persons of his own color
+in distress, succeeded in finding people in Boston who were well
+acquainted with Mary Smith, and recollected her having left that place
+to go to the south. Pursuing his inquiries with great diligence, he
+ascertained the place of her birth, which was somewhere in New
+Hampshire. I forget the name of the town.
+
+Affidavits were now procured, which established the place of Mary
+Smith's birth, her residence in Boston, and the time of her departure
+for the south, and other circumstances to corroborate her story.
+
+Edward Everett, who was at this time Governor of Massachusetts, at the
+request of Mary Smith's friends, forwarded the documents they had
+obtained, accompanied with an urgent letter from himself, demanding
+her release from captivity, on the ground of her being a free citizen
+of Massachusetts.
+
+The Governor of North Carolina replied very courteously to Governor
+Everett. He admitted the right of the woman to her freedom, and
+acknowledged that no person in North Carolina could lawfully detain
+her as a slave. But, at the same time he said, that as Governor, he
+had no power to interfere with the person who held her in custody. The
+decision on her right to freedom, depended on another department of
+the government. He promised, however, to write to the man who held
+her, and solicit her release.
+
+The remonstrances of the Governor of North Carolina proved successful.
+Mary Smith soon arrived in Boston. And some of her old acquaintances
+who had given the evidence which led to her release, hastened to meet
+her and congratulate her on her escape from bondage. At the meeting
+they looked on her for some moments with astonishment, for they could
+trace in her features no resemblance to their former companion. A
+speedy explanation took place, from which it appeared that all the
+documents sent to North Carolina related to one Mary Smith; but the
+woman whose liberty they procured, was another Mary Smith.
+
+Governor Everett had a hearty laugh when Father Snowden told him the
+happy result of his letter to the Governor of North Carolina.
+
+The moral of this story is, that a plain, common name, is sometimes
+more useful to its owner, than a more brilliant one.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) S. E. Sewall]
+
+     NOTE.--I have endeavored to give the facts of Mary Smith's
+     story with exact accuracy, writing from memory only, without
+     the aid of anything written. It is possible I may be
+     mistaken in some immaterial circumstance.
+
+
+
+
+Freedom--Liberty.
+
+
+Freedom and Liberty are synonymes. Freedom is an essence; Liberty, an
+accident. Freedom is born with a man; Liberty may be conferred on him.
+Freedom is progressive; Liberty is circumscribed. Freedom is the gift
+of God; Liberty, the creature of society. Liberty may be taken away
+from a man; but, on whatsoever soul Freedom may alight, the course of
+that soul is thenceforth onward and upward; society, customs, laws,
+armies, are but as wythes in its giant grasp, if they oppose,
+instruments to work its will, if they assent. Human kind welcome the
+birth of a free soul with reverence and shoutings, rejoicing in the
+advent of a fresh off-shoot of the Divine Whole, of which this is but
+a part.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) James McCune Smith]
+
+NEW-YORK, Nov. 22d, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+An Aspiration.
+
+
+You want my autograph. Permit me, then, to sign myself the friend of
+every effort for human emancipation in our own country, and throughout
+the world. God speed the day when all chains shall fall from the limbs
+and from the soul, and universal liberty co-exist with universal
+righteousness and universal peace. In this work I am
+
+                    Yours truly,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) E. H. Chapin.]
+
+NEW YORK, Nov. 22d.
+
+
+[Illustration: E. H. Chapin (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+The Dying Soliloquy of the Victim of the Wilkesbarre Tragedy.
+
+
+He was approached from behind by Deputy Marshal Wyncoop and his
+assistants, knocked down with a mace and partially shackled. The
+fugitive, who had unsuspectingly waited upon them during their
+breakfast at the Phenix Hotel, was a tall, noble-looking, remarkably
+intelligent, and a nearly white mulatto; after a desperate effort and
+severe struggle, he shook off his _five_ assailants, and with the loss
+of everything but a remnant of his shirt, rushed from the house and
+plunged into the water, exclaiming: "I will drown rather than be taken
+alive." He was pursued and fired upon several times, the last ball
+taking effect in his head, his face being instantly covered with
+blood. He sprang up and shrieked in great agony, and no doubt would
+have sunk at once, but for the buoyancy of the water. Seeing his
+condition, the slave-catchers retreated, coolly remarking that "dead
+niggers were not worth taking South."
+
+        Than be a slave,
+        Dread death I'll brave,
+    And hail the moment near,
+        When the soul mid pain,
+        Shall burst the chain
+    That long has bound it here.
+
+        Earth's thrilling pulse,
+        Man's stern repulse,
+    This weary heart no longer feels;
+        Its beating hushed
+        Its vain hopes crushed,
+    It craves that life which death reveals.
+
+        That moment great
+        My soul would wait,
+    In awe and peace sublime;
+        Nor bitter tears,
+        Nor slave-born fears,
+    As I pass from earth to time.
+
+        The angry past,
+        Like phantoms vast,
+    Glides by like the rushing wave;
+        So soon shall I,
+        Forgotten lie,
+    In the depths of my briny grave.
+
+        The time shall be,
+        "When no more sea"
+    Shall hide its treasures lone;
+        Then my soul shall rise,
+        Clothed for the skies,
+    To find its blissful home.
+
+        Foul deeds laid wrong
+        The whip and thong,
+    Have scored my manhood's heart,
+        But ne'er again
+        Shall fiends constrain
+    My body to the slave's vile mart.
+
+      The 'whelming wave,
+      This corpse shall lave;
+    Let the winds still pipe aloud,
+        Let the waters lash,
+        The white foam dash,
+    O'er mangled brow and bloody shroud.
+
+        Roll on, thou free,
+        Unfettered sea,
+    Thy restless moan, my dirge,
+        My cradle deep
+        In my last lone sleep,
+    Is the scoop of thy hollow surge.
+
+        Would I might live,
+        _One_ glance to give,
+    To those whose hearts would bless,
+        Each word of love,
+        All price above,
+    As mine to theirs I press.
+
+        The wish is vain;
+        My frenzied brain,
+    Is dark'ning even now;
+        Above, above,
+        Is Heaven's love,
+    And mercy's wide arched bow.
+
+        Glad free-born soul
+        With grateful hold,
+    Now grasp the gift from Heav'n--
+        Thy freedom won,
+        New life begun,
+    Forgive, thou'rt there forgiv'n.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) H. H. Greenough]
+
+
+
+
+Let all be Free.
+
+
+    Unbounded in thy expanse--far reaching
+    From shore to shore--ever beautiful
+    Are thy crystal waters--O sea.
+    Beautiful--when thy waves, the white pebbles lave,
+    When the weary sea-birds sleep, upon the bosom of the deep.
+    But when thy storm-pressed billows burst,
+    The grasp which man would "lay upon thy mane,"
+    Then do I most love thee, sea,
+    Thou emblem of the _Free_.
+
+    When above me beam the stars,
+    How beautiful in their infinitude of light,
+    O'er the blue heavens spread, like gems
+    Upon the brow of youth!
+    Far, far away, beyond the paths of day,
+    More glorious yet, as suns which never set,
+    In darkness never! but shining forever!
+    You are more loved by me--
+    Ye emblems of the _Free_.
+
+    All earth of the beautiful is full.
+    Beautiful the streams which leave the rural vales,
+    Fringed with scarlet berries and leafy green!
+    O world of colors infinite, and lines of ever-varying grace,
+    How by sea and shore art thou ever beautiful!
+    But the torrent rushing by, and the eagle in the sky,
+    The Alpine heights of snow where man does never go,
+    More lovely are to me,
+    For they are _Free_.
+
+    Beautiful is man, and yet more beautiful
+    Woman: coupled by bare circumstance
+    Of place or gold, still beautiful.
+    But this must fade!
+    Only the soul, grows never old:
+    They most agree, who most are free:
+    Liberty is the food of love!
+    The heavens, the earth, man's heart, and sea,
+    Forever cry, _let all be Free_!
+
+[Illustration: (signature) C. M. Clay.]
+
+KENTUCKY, 1853.
+
+
+[Illustration: Frederick Douglass (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+_To the Editor of the "Autographs for Freedom."_
+
+     DEAR MADAM,--
+
+     If the enclosed paragraph from a speech of mine delivered in
+     May last, at the anniversary meeting of the American and
+     Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, shall be deemed suited to the
+     pages of the forthcoming annual, please accept it as my
+     contribution.
+
+                    With great respect,
+
+     [Illustration: (signature) Frederick Douglass]
+
+     ROCHESTER, November, 1853.
+
+Extract.
+
+
+No colored man, with any nervous sensibility, can stand before an
+American audience without an intense and painful sense of the
+disadvantages imposed by his color. He feels little borne up by that
+brotherly sympathy and generous enthusiasm, which give wings to the
+eloquence, and strength to the hearts of other men, who advocate other
+and more popular causes. The ground which a colored man occupies in
+this country is, every inch of it, sternly disputed. Sir, were I a
+white man, speaking for the right of white men, I should in this
+country have a smooth sea and a fair wind. It is, perhaps, creditable
+to the American people (and I am not the man to detract from their
+credit) that they listen eagerly to the report of wrongs endured by
+distant nations. The Hungarian, the Italian, the Irishman, the Jew and
+the Gentile, all find in this goodly land a home; and when any of
+them, or all of them, desire to speak, they find willing ears, warm
+hearts, and open hands. For these people, the Americans have
+principles of justice, maxims of mercy, sentiments of religion, and
+feelings of brotherhood in abundance. But for _my_ poor people, (alas,
+how poor!)--enslaved, scourged, blasted, overwhelmed, and ruined, it
+would appear that America had neither justice, mercy, nor religion.
+She has no scales in which to weigh our wrongs, and no standard by
+which to measure our rights. Just here lies the grand difficulty of
+the colored man's cause. It is found in the fact, that we may not
+avail ourselves of the just force of admitted American principles. If
+I do not misinterpret the feelings and philosophy of my white
+fellow-countrymen generally, they wish us to understand distinctly and
+fully that they have no other use for us whatever, than to coin
+dollars out of our blood.
+
+Our position here is anomalous, unequal, and extraordinary. It is a
+position to which the most courageous of our race cannot look without
+deep concern. Sir, we are a hopeful people, and in this we are
+fortunate; but for this trait of our character, we should have, long
+before this seemingly unpropitious hour, sunk down under a sense of
+utter despair.
+
+Look at it, sir. Here, upon the soil of our birth, in a country which
+has known us for two centuries, among a people who did not wait for us
+to seek them, but who sought us, found us, and brought us to their own
+chosen land,--a people for whom we have performed the humblest
+services, and whose greatest comforts and luxuries have been won from
+the soil by our sable and sinewy arms,--I say, sir, among such a
+people, and with such obvious recommendations to favor, we are far
+less esteemed than the veriest stranger and sojourner.
+
+Aliens are we in our native land. The fundamental principles of the
+republic, to which the humblest white man, whether born here or
+elsewhere, may appeal with confidence in the hope of awakening a
+favorable response, are held to be inapplicable to us. The glorious
+doctrines of your revolutionary fathers, and the more glorious
+teachings of the Son of God, are construed and applied against us. We
+are literally scourged beyond the beneficent range of both
+authorities,--human and divine. We plead for our rights, in the name
+of the immortal declaration of independence, and of the written
+constitution of government, and we are answered with imprecations and
+curses. In the sacred name of Jesus we beg for mercy, and the
+slave-whip, red with blood, cracks over us in mockery. We invoke the
+aid of the ministers of Him who came "to preach deliverance to the
+captive," and to set at liberty them that are bound, and from the
+loftiest summits of this ministry comes the inhuman and blasphemous
+response, saying: if one prayer would move the Almighty arm in mercy
+to break your galling chains, that prayer would be withheld. We cry
+for help to humanity--a common humanity, and here too we are repulsed.
+American humanity hates us, scorns us, disowns and denies, in a
+thousand ways, our very personality. The outspread wing of American
+Christianity, apparently broad enough to give shelter to a perishing
+world, refuses to cover us. To us, its bones are brass, and its
+feathers iron. In running thither for shelter and succor, we have only
+fled from the hungry bloodhound to the devouring wolf,--from a corrupt
+and selfish world to a hollow and hypocritical church.
+
+
+
+
+Extract from an unpublished Poem on Freedom.
+
+
+        Oh, Freedom! when thy morning march began,
+        Coeval with the birth and breath of man;
+        Who that could view thee in that Asian clime,
+        God-born, soul-nursed, the infant heir of time--
+        Who that could see thee in that Asian court,
+        Flit with the sparrow, with the lion sport,
+        Talk with the murmur of the babbling rill
+        And sing thy summer song upon the hill--
+        Who that could know thee as thou wast inwrought
+        The all in all of nature's primal thought,
+        And see thee given by Omniscient mind,
+        A native boon to lord, and brute, and wind,
+        Could e'er have dreamed with fate's prophetic sleep,
+        The darker lines thy horoscope would keep,
+        Or trembling read, thro' tones with horror thrilled,
+        The damned deeds thy future name would gild?
+
+          Lo! The swart chief of Afric's vergeless plains,
+        Poor Heaven-wept child of nature's joys and pains,
+        Mounts his fleet steed with wind-directed course,
+        Nor checks again his free unbridled horse,
+        But lordless, wanders where his will inclines
+        From Tuats heats to Zegzeg's stunted pines!
+        View him, ye craven few, ye living-dead!
+        Wrecks of a being whence the soul has fled!
+        Ye Goths and Vandals of his plundered coast!
+        Ye _Christian_ Bondous, who of feeling boast,[7]
+        Who quickly kindling to historic fire
+        Contemn a Marius' or a Scylla's ire,[8]
+        Or kindly lulled to sympathetic glow,
+        Lament the martyrs of some far-off woe,
+        And tender grown, with sorrow hugely great
+        Weep o'er an Agis' or Jugurtha's fate![9]
+        View him, ye hollow heartlings as he stalks
+        The dauntless monarch of his native walks
+        Breathes the warm odor which the girgir bears,[10]
+        Shouts the fierce music of his savage airs,
+        Or madly brave in hottest chase pursues
+        The tawny monster of the desert dews;
+        Eager, erect, persistent as the storm,
+        Soul in his mien, God's image in his form!
+        Yes, view him thus, from Kaffir to Soudan,
+        And tell me, worldlings, is the black a man?
+
+          See, the full sun emerging from the deep,
+        Climbs with red eye, the light-illumined steep,
+        And brightly beautiful continuous smiles
+        A fecund blessing on those Indian Isles!
+        Like eastern woods which sweeten as they burn,
+        So, the parched earths to odorous flowrets turn,
+        And feathered fayes their murmurous wings expand,
+        Waked by the magic of his conjuror's wand,
+        Flash their red plumes, and vocalize each dell
+        Where browse the fecho and the dun-gazelle,[11]
+        While half forgetful of her changing sphere,
+        The loathful summer lingers year by year.
+        Here, in the light of God's supernal eye--
+        His realms unbounded, and his woes a sigh--
+        The dusky son of evening placed whilcome
+        Found with the Gnu an ever-vernal home,
+        And wiser than Athenas' wisest schools,[12]
+        Nor led by zealots, nor scholastic rules,
+        Gazed at the stars that stud yon tender blue,
+        And hoped, and deemed the cheat of death untrue;
+        Yet, supple sophist to a plastic mind,[13]
+        Saw gods in woods, and spirits in the wind,
+        Heard in the tones that stirred the waves within,
+        The mingled voice of Hadna and Odin,
+        Doomed the fleeced tenant of the wild to bleed
+        A guileless votive to his harmless creed,
+        Then gladly grateful at each rite fulfilled,
+        Sought the cool shadow where the spring distilled,
+        And lightly lab'rous thro' the torpid day,
+        Whiled in sweet peace the sultry eve away.
+
+          Or if perchance to nature darkly true,
+        He strikes the war-path thro' the midnight dew,
+        Steals in the covert on the sleeping foe,
+        And wreaks the horrors of a barbarous woe;
+        Yet, yet returning to the home-girt spot--
+        The vengeful causes and the deed forgot--[14]
+        Where greenest boughs o'er sloping banks impend,
+        And gurgling waves to bosky dells descend;
+        Intent the long expectant brood to sea,
+        He halts beneath the broad acacia tree;
+        And warmly pressed by wonder-gloating eyes,
+        Displays the vantage of each savage prize;
+        Stills with glad pride and plundered gems, uncouth,
+        The ardent longings of his daughter's youth;
+
+          Bids the dark spouse the tropic meal prepare,
+        Mid laughing echoes from the bird-voiced air;
+        Passes before him in a fond review
+        The merry numbers of his crisp-haired crew;[15]
+        Recounts the dangers of the last night's strife,
+        Joys with their joy, and lives their inner life;
+        And then when slow the lengthened day expires,
+        Mid twilight balms and star-enkindled fires,
+        With _all_ the father sees each form retire,
+        A ruthless heathen, but a loving sire.[16]
+
+          Innocuously thus, thro' long, long years
+        Untaught by learning, yet unknown to fears,
+        The swarthy Afric whiled the jocund hours,
+        A petted child of nature's rosiest bowers,
+        Till lured by wealth the hardy Portuguese,[17]
+        Seeks the green waters of his Eastern seas,
+        And venturous nations more excursive grown,
+        Scan his glad coast from radiant zone to zone,
+        Then Fortune's minion in a foreign clime,
+        Cursed by his own and damned to later time,
+        Of incest born and by the chances thrown
+        A tainted alien on a ravished throne,
+        Gapes the foul flatteries of a fawning train,
+        And fatuous mock'ries, which themselves disdain,
+        A fancied monarch, but the witless sport
+        Of adulation, and a practiced court,
+        Vaunts to his broad realms and Timour-like proclaims
+        Illusive titles of barbaric names,
+        Cheats his own nature, and now generous grown,[18]
+        Dispenses souls and empires not his own,
+        Draws the deep purple round his royal seat,
+        Lifts his low crest, affects the God complete,
+        By giving with light breath, oh, shame to tell!
+        These heirs of Heav'n unto the fate of hell.
+        Sped by the mandate of his recreant train,
+        Lo! commerce, broad winged seraph of the main!
+        Shook her white plumage and coqueting, won
+        Propitious favors from the southern sun,
+        Till manly hearts and keel-impelling gales,
+        Furled on the coast her half-reluctant sails.
+
+          Abashed, amazed, with fear-dilated eye
+        The marvelling tribes these new-born wonders spy;
+        See from the shore, bright glittering in the sun,
+        The moving freightage of each galleon;
+        Wait till the measured strokes of oars bring near
+        These way-lost wanderers of another sphere,
+        Then timorously glad, yet awe-struck still,
+        Lead from the sunshine to the breezy hill;
+        With courteous grace a resting place assign
+        'Neath rustling leaves and grape-empurpled vine,
+        And led by craft in artless pride make known
+        The lustrous lurements of their gorgeous zone,
+        As in the field some skilful ranger sets
+        The fraudful cordage of his specious nets,
+        Places some fragrant viand in the snare,
+        And captive takes the unsuspicious hare;
+        So the bold strangers with superior will
+        Lay their base plans with disingenuous skill,
+        Ope their stored treasures and with art display
+        Their worthless figments to the air of day,
+        Roll their large lids, and with grave gestures laud
+        Each tinsel trinket and each painted gaud;
+        With mystic signs of strange import apply
+        Some gew-gaw bauble to the gloating eye;
+        Touch with nice skill, yet craft-dissembled smile,
+        Gems from the mine and spices from the Isle,
+        Affect no care, yet hope a thrifty sale--
+        The wealth of Empires in th' opposing scale--
+        While he, the poor victim of their selfish creed,
+        Prescient of evil art foredoomed to bleed,
+        Pleased yet alarmed, desiring but deterred,
+        Flutters still nearer like a snake-charmed bird;
+        Alas, too often taken with a toy--
+        Too soon to weep a kindred fate with Troy!
+
+          Evils received, like twilight stars dilate,
+        The less the light, the larger grows their state;
+        Thus the first error in that savage air,
+        Spreads as a flame, and leaves a ruin there.
+        Too dearly generous and too warmly true,[19]
+        The simple black wears out the fatal clew,--
+        From barter flies to trade; from trade to wants;
+        From wants to interests and derided haunts;
+        Thence, rolls from off the once-sequestered shore,
+        The turgid tide of havoc and of war;
+        No warning ringing from the red adunes,
+        No prophets rising, and no Laocoons,
+        Remotest tribes the baleful influence own;
+        Feel to extremes, and at their centres groan.
+        Now laughs the stranger at their anguished throes,[20]
+        Feeds on their ills, and battens on their woes;
+        Glads his freed conscience at each pillaged mine,
+        And finds forgiveness at a Christian shrine;
+        By specious creeds and sophists darkly taught,[21]
+        To semble virtue and dissemble thought,
+        With Saviour-seeming smile, adds fuel to the flame,--
+        Ulysses' craft, without Ulysses' aim,--
+        And sadly faithful to his dark designs,
+        Fiction improves; heroic rage refines;
+        For lo! Achilles, victor of the train!
+        Draws Hector lifeless, round the Ilian plain;
+        But ah! these later Greeks more cruel strive,
+        And bind their victim to the load alive!
+
+          Oh, beats there, Heaven, beneath thy gorgeous blue,
+        One heart so basely to itself untrue,
+        So dead of pulse, and so insensate grown,
+        It feels not such a cause dear as its own?
+        Dwells there a being 'neath thine eye, oh, God!
+        A fellow-worm from out the self-same clod,
+        Whose fevered blood does not impatient boil,
+        Fierce as a tiger's in the hunter's toil,
+        To see degenerate men and States prolong,
+        So foul a deed--so thrice accursed a wrong?
+        Tell me, ye loud-voiced winds that ceaseless roll,
+        Eternal miracles from pole to pole,
+        Breathes there on earth so vile and mean a thing
+        That crushed, it will not turn again and sting?
+        And say! ye tyrants in your boasted halls,
+        Read ye no warnings on your darkened walls?
+        Hear ye no seeming mutterings of the cloud
+        Break from the millions which your steps have bowed?
+        Think ye, ye hold in your ignoble thrall,
+        Mind, soul, thought, taste, hope, feeling, valor, all?
+        No; these unfettered scorn your nerveless hand,
+        Sport at their will, and scoff at your command,
+        Range through arcades of shadow-brooding palms,
+        Snuff their free airs and breathe their floating balms,
+        Or bolder still, on fancy's fiery wing--[22]
+        Caught from their letters at the noon-day spring--
+        With star-eyed science, and her seraph train
+        Read the bright secrets of yon azure plain;
+        Hear Loxian murmurs in Rhodolphe's caves[23]
+        Meet with sweet answers from the nymph-voiced waves;
+        Sit with the pilot at Phoenicia's helm,
+        And mark the boundries of the Lybian realm;
+        See swarthy Memnon in the grave debate,
+        Dispute with gods, and rule a conqu'ring state,
+        And warmly and kindling dare--yes, _dare_ to hope,
+        A second Empire on the future's scope!
+
+          And thou, my country, latest born of time!
+        Dearest of all, of all the most sublime!
+        How long shall patriots own, with blush of shame,
+        So foul a blot upon so fair a name?
+        How long thy sons with filial hearts deplore,
+        A Python evil on thy Cyprean shore?
+        What! and wilt thou, the moral Hercules
+        Whose youth eclipsed the dream of Pericles,
+        Whose trunceant bands heroically caught,
+        The Spartan phalanx with the Attic thought,
+        The wizard throne of age-nursed error hurled,
+        Defied a tyrant and transfixed a world!
+        Wilt _thou_ see Afric like old Priam sue,
+        The bones of children as in nature due,
+        And foully craven, ingrate-like forget,
+        Thy life, thy learning's her dishonored debt?
+        Say; wilt not _thou_, whose time-ennobling sons--
+        Thy Jay's, thy Franklin's and thy Washington's,
+        Caught the bright cestus from fair freedom's God,
+        And bound it as a girdle to thy sod;
+        Ah! wilt not thou with generous mind confess
+        The might of woe, the strength of helplessness?
+        High-Heaven's almoner to a world oppressed,
+        Who in the march of nations led the rest![24]
+        Will there no Gracchus in _thy_ Senate stand
+        And speak the words that millions should command?
+        No Clysthementhe 'neath thy broad arched dome,
+        Predict the fortunes with the crimes of Rome?
+        Shall time yet partial in his cycling course,
+        Bring thee no Fox, no Pitt, no Wilberforce?
+        Still must thou live and corybantic die,
+        A traceless meteor in a clouding sky;
+        Thy name a cheat; thyself, a world-wide lie?
+        No; there will come, prophetic hearts may trust,
+        Some embryo angel of superior dust,
+        With brow of cloud and tongue of livid flame--
+        Another Moses, but in time and name--
+        Whose Heaven-appealing voice shall bid thee pass--
+        On either hand a wall of living glass;--
+        Ope for the Lybian with convulsive shock
+        His more than Horeb's adamantine rock,
+        And gazing from some second Pisgah, see
+        Thy idol broken and thy people free.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) William D. Snow]
+
+RICHMOND, Dec. 1st, 1853.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[7]    "Ye Christian _Bondous_ who of feeling boast!"
+
+Unable in the whole range of my vernacular, to find an epithet
+sufficiently expressive to enunciate the aggravated contempt which all
+feel for that pseudonymous class of philanthropists, who flauntingly
+parade a pompous sympathy with popular and distant distresses, but
+studiously cultivate a coarse ignorance of, and hauteur to, the
+Greeks, which "are at the door," I have had recource to the Metonymy,
+_Bondou_, as rendered mournfully significant through the melancholy
+fate of the illustrious Houghton.--Vide _Report African Discovery
+Society_.
+
+[8]    "Contemn a Marius' or a Scylla's ire."
+
+Napoleon in his protest to Lord Bathurst, provoked by the petty
+tyranny of Sir Hudson Lowe, said of the "Proscriptions," and (by
+negative inference) in extenuation of them, that they "_were made with
+the blood yet fresh upon the sword_." A sentence, which, falling from
+the lips of one of the most imperturbably cool and calculating of
+mankind, under circumstances superinducing peculiar reflection on
+every word uttered, cannot but come with the force of a whole volume
+of excoriative evidence against the demoralization of war, even upon
+the most abstracted and elevated natures.--Vide _Letters of Montholon
+and Las Cases_.
+
+[9]    "Weep o'er an Agis' or Jugurtha's fate."
+
+Agis, King of Lacedemon and colleague of Leonidas, was a youth of
+singular purity and promise. Aiming to correct the abuses which had
+crept into the Spartan polity, he introduced regenerative laws. Among
+others, one for the equalization of property, and as an example of
+disinterested liberality, shared his estate with the community.
+Unappreciated by the degenerated Senate however, he was deposed, and,
+with his whole family, strangled by order of the ingrate
+State.--_Edin. Encyc._
+
+It is said that when Jugurtha was led before the ear of the conquerer,
+he lost his senses. After the triumph he was thrown into prison,
+where, whilst they were in haste to strip him, some tore his robes off
+his back, and others, catching eagerly at his pendants, pulled off the
+tips of his ears with them. When he was thrust down naked into the
+dungeon, all wild and confused, he said, with a frantic smile,
+"Heavens! how cold is this bath of yours!" There struggling for six
+days with starvation, and to the last hour laboring for the
+preservation of his life, he came to his end.--_Plut. Cai. Mar._
+
+[10]    "Breathes the warm odor which the _girgir_ bears,"
+
+The girgir, or the _geshe el aube_, a species of flowering grass.
+Piercing, fragrant, and grateful in its odor, it operates not unlike a
+mild stimulant, when respired for any length of time, and is found
+chiefly near the borders of small streams and in the vicinage of the
+Tassada.--_Lyn. Gui. and Soud._
+
+[11]    "Where browse the _fecho_ and the dun-gazelle."
+
+Among the wild animals are prodigious numbers of the vari-colored
+species of the gazelle, the bohur sassa, fecho, and madoqua. They are
+extremely numerous in the provinces depopulated _by war and slavery_,
+enjoying the wild oats of the deserted hamlets without fear of
+molestation from a returning population.--_Notes on Central Africa._
+
+[12]    "And wiser than Athenas' wisest schools,
+        Nor led by zealots, nor scholastic rules,
+        Gazed at the stars which stud yon tender blue,
+        And hoped and deemed the cheat of death untrue."
+
+Though Socrates and Plato, particularly the former, are generally
+admitted by writers of authority, among whom, indeed, are Polycarpe,
+Chrysotom, and Eusebius, to have in a manner _suspected_ rather than
+believed, the immortality of the soul; yet we have no evidence of
+their ever having, by the finest process of ratiocination, so
+thoroughly convinced themselves as to introduce it generally as a
+tenable thesis on the portico. A beautiful thread of implicit belief
+and fervent hope, of after life, assimilating to the hunting-ground of
+our own American Indians, and though sensuous still, a step far in
+advance of the black void of ancient philosophy, has always run
+through the higher mythologies of the Negro. So notorious, indeed, was
+the fact among early Christians, that that ubiquitous riddle, "Prestor
+John," was, by believers, regarded as having a _locale_ in Central
+Africa; while Henry of Portugal actually despatched two ambassadors,
+Corvilla and Payvan, to a rumored Christian court, south of the
+Sahara.--_Edin. Encyc. Early Chris. His. Port._
+
+[13]    "Yet supple sophist to a plastic mind,
+        Sees gods in woods, and spirits in the wind."
+
+The imagination of the African, like his musical genius, which
+extracts surprising harmony from the rudest of sources, the clapping
+of hands, the clanking of chains, the resonance of lasso wood, and
+perforated shells, seems to invest everything with a resident spirit
+of peculiar power. Accordingly, his mythologies are most numerous and
+poetical--his entire catalogue of superior gods alone, embracing a
+more extended length than the Assyro-Babylon Alphabet, with its three
+hundred letters.
+
+[14]    "The vengeful causes and the deed forgot."
+
+All travellers agree in the facile ductility and inertia-like
+amiability of the native African character.--BREWSTER _on Africa._
+
+[15]    "The merry numbers of his crisp-haired crew."
+
+The negro race is, perhaps, the most prolific of all the human
+species. Their infancy and youth are singularly happy. The parents are
+passionately fond of their children.--GOLDBURY'S _Travels._
+
+"Strike me," said my attendant, "but do not curse my mother." The same
+sentiment I found universally to prevail.
+
+Some of the first lessons in which the Mandings women instruct their
+children is the _practice of truth_. It was the only consolation for a
+negro mother, whose son had been murdered by the Moors, that "_the boy
+had never told a lie_."--PARK'S _Travels._
+
+[16]    "With all the father sees each form retire,
+        A ruthless heathen, but a loving sire."
+
+        "Or led the combat, bold without a plan,
+        An artless savage, but a fearless man."
+                                  CAMPBELL.
+
+[17]    "Till lured by wealth the hardy Portuguese,
+        Sought the green waters of his Eastern seas,
+        And venturous nations more excursive grown,
+        Pierced his glad coast from radiant zone to zone."
+
+Vasquez de Gama, a Portuguese nobleman, was the first to discover a
+maritime passage to the Indies; unless, perhaps, we credit the
+improbable achievement of the Phoenicians, related by Herodotus as
+occurring, 604 B.C.
+
+De Gama doubled the cape in 1498, explored the eastern shores as far
+as Melinda, in Zanguebar, and sailing thence arrived at Calcutta in
+May. This expedition, second to none in its results, save that of
+Columbus six years before, drew the attention of all Europe. Whole
+nations became actuated by the same enthusiasm, and private companies
+of merchants sent out whole fleets on voyages of discovery, scouring
+the entire coast from Cape Verd to Gaudfui, and discovering the
+Mascharenhas and most of the islands of the Ethiopean Archipelago.
+
+[18]    "Cheats his own nature and now generous grown,
+        Dispenses realms and empires not his own."
+
+Charles V. granted a patent _to one of his Flemish favorites_,
+containing an exclusive right to import four thousand negroes!--_Hist.
+Slavery_.
+
+The crime of having _first_ recommended the importation of African
+slaves into America, _is due to the Flemish nobility_, who obtained a
+monopoly of four thousand negroes, which they sold to some Genoese
+merchants for 25,000 ducats.--_Life of Cardinal Ximenes_.
+
+They (the Genoese) were the first to bring into a regular form, that
+commerce for slaves, between Africa and America, which has since grown
+to such an amazing extent.--_Robertson._
+
+[19]    "Too warmly generous and dearly true,
+         The simple black," &c.
+
+It will remain an indelible reproach on the name of Europeans, that
+for more than three centuries their intercourse with the Africans has
+only tended to destroy their happiness and debase their
+character.--_Edin. Ency._
+
+[20]    "Now laughs the stranger at their anguished throes."
+
+The arts of the slave-merchant have inflamed the hostility of their
+various tribes, and heightened their ferocity by sedulously increasing
+their wars.--_Ibid._
+
+[21]    "By specious creeds and sophists darkly taught."
+
+Hamlet's advice to his offending mother;--
+
+        "Assume a virtue, tho' you have it not."
+
+Adding hypocrisy to avowed unworthiness, was the acknowledged
+injunction of the church, wherever and whenever she participated in
+secular affairs, with a view of emolument. For a peculiar illustration
+of this favorite doctrine, see Clement VI.'s edict, when, in virtue of
+the right arrogated by the holy see _to dispose of all countries
+belonging to the heathen_, he erected (1344) the Canaries into a
+kingdom, and disposed of them to Lewis de la Corda, a prince of
+Castile.
+
+[22]    "Or bolder still on fancy's fiery wing."
+
+That I do not exaggerate the _belle lettres_ and classical
+accomplishments of at least two of the "chattels" of the "peculiar
+institution," in the lines following the above, see "Poems written by
+Rosa and Maria," _property_ of South Carolina, and published in 1834.
+
+[23]    "Hear _Loxian_ murmurs in Rhodolphe's caves."
+
+Loxian is a name frequently given to Apollo by Greek writers and is
+met with, more than once, in the "Choephorae of Eschylus."--_Campbell._
+
+Euripides mentions it three times, and Sophocles twice, its euphony
+recommends it more than any other name of the fair-haired god.
+
+[24]    "And in the march of nations led the _van_."
+                                            _Campbell_
+
+
+[Illustration: Henry Ward Beecher. (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+
+
+Letter
+
+
+                                   BROOKLYN, December 6th, 1853.
+
+Dear Sir,--
+
+Your note of November 29th, requesting a line from me for the
+Autographs for Freedom, is received.
+
+I wish that I had something that would add to the literary value of
+your laudable enterprise. In so great a cause as that of human
+liberty, every great interest in society ought to have a voice and a
+decisive testimony. Art should be in sympathy with freedom and
+literature, and all human learning should speak with _unmistakable_
+accents for the elevation, evangelization, and liberation of the
+oppressed. In a future day, the historian cannot purge our political
+history from the shame of wanton and mercenary oppression. But there
+is not, I believe, a book in the literature of our country that will
+be alive and known a hundred years hence, in which can be found the
+taint of despotism. The literature of the world is on the side of
+liberty.
+
+                         I am very truly yours,
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Henry Ward Beecher]
+
+
+[Illustration: H. B. Stowe (Engraved by J. C. Buttre)]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLAYFORD HALL, SUFFOLK. The seat of Thomas Clarkson,
+Esq.]
+
+
+
+
+A Day spent at Playford Hall.
+
+
+It was a pleasant morning in May,--I believe that is the orthodox way
+of beginning a story,--when C. and I took the cars to go into the
+country to Playford Hall. "And what's Playford Hall?" you say. "And
+why did you go to see it?" As to what it is, here is a reasonably good
+picture before you. As to why, it was for many years the residence of
+Thomas Clarkson, and is now the residence of his venerable widow and
+her family.
+
+Playford Hall is considered, I think, the oldest of the fortified
+houses in England, and is, I am told, the only one that has water in
+the moat. The water which is seen girdling the wall in the picture, is
+the moat; it surrounds the place entirely, leaving no access except
+across the bridge, which is here represented.
+
+After crossing this bridge, you come into a green court-yard, filled
+with choice plants and flowering shrubs, and carpeted with that thick,
+soft, velvet-like grass, which is to be found nowhere else in so
+perfect a state as in England.
+
+The water is fed by a perpetual spring, whose current is so sluggish
+as scarcely to be perceptible, but which yet has the vitality of a
+running stream.
+
+It has a dark and glassy stillness of surface, only broken by the
+forms of the water plants, whose leaves float thickly over it.
+
+The walls of the moat are green with ancient moss, and from the
+crevices springs an abundant flowering vine, whose delicate leaves and
+bright yellow flowers in some places entirely mantled the stones with
+their graceful drapery.
+
+The picture I have given you represents only one side of the moat. The
+other side is grown up with dark and thick shrubbery and ancient
+trees, rising and embowering the whole place, adding to the retired
+and singular effect of the whole. The place is a specimen of a sort of
+thing which does not exist in America. It is one of those significant
+landmarks which unite the present with the past, for which we must
+return to the country of our origin.
+
+Playford Hall is a thing peculiarly English, and Thomas Clarkson, for
+whose sake I visited it, was as peculiarly an Englishman,--a specimen
+of the very best kind of English mind and character, as this is of
+characteristic English architecture.
+
+We Anglo-Saxons have won a hard name in the world. There are
+undoubtedly bad things which are true about us.
+
+Taking our developments as a race, both in England and America, we may
+be justly called the Romans of the nineteenth century. We have been
+the race which has conquered, subdued, and broken in pieces, other
+weaker races, with little regard either to justice or mercy. With
+regard to benefits by us imparted to conquered nations, I think a
+better story, on the whole, can be made out for the Romans than for
+us. Witness the treatment of the Chinese, of the tribes of India, and
+of our own American Indians.
+
+But still there is an Anglo-Saxon blood, a vigorous sense of justice,
+as appears in our Habeas Corpus, our jury trials, and other features
+of State organization, and, when this is tempered in individuals, with
+the elements of gentleness and compassion, and enforced by that
+energy and indomitable perseverance which are characteristic of the
+Anglo-Saxon mind, they form a style of philanthropists peculiarly
+efficient. In short, the Anglo-Saxon is efficient, in whatever he sets
+himself about, whether in crushing the weak, or lifting them up.
+
+Thomas Clarkson was born in a day when good, pious people, imported
+cargoes of slaves from Africa, as one of the regular Christianized
+modes of gaining a subsistence, and providing for them and their
+households. It was a thing that everybody was doing, and everybody
+thought they had a right to do. It was supposed that all the coffee,
+tea, and sugar in the world were dependent on stealing men, women, and
+children, and could be got no other way; and as to consume coffee,
+sugar, rice, and rum, were evidently the chief ends of human
+existence, it followed that men, women, and children, must be stolen
+to the end of time.
+
+Some good people, when they now and then heard an appalling story of
+the cruelties practiced in the slave ship, declared that it was really
+too bad, sympathetically remarked, "What a sorrowful world we live
+in," stirred their sugar into their tea, and went on as before,
+because, what was there to do--hadn't everybody always done it, and if
+they didn't do it, wouldn't somebody else?
+
+It is true that for many years individuals, at different times,
+remonstrated, had written treatises, poems, stories, and movements had
+been made by some religious ladies, particularly the Quakers, but the
+opposition had amounted to nothing practically efficient.
+
+The attention of Clarkson was first turned to the subject by having it
+given out as the theme for a prize composition in his college class,
+he being at that time a sprightly young man, about twenty-four years
+of age. He entered into the investigation with no other purpose than
+to see what he could make of it as a college theme.
+
+He says of himself: "I had expected pleasure from the invention of
+arguments, from the arrangement of them, from the putting of them
+together, and from the thought, in the interim, that I was engaged in
+an innocent contest for literary honor, but all my pleasures were
+damped by the facts, which were now continually before me.
+
+"It was but one gloomy subject from morning till night; in the day
+time I was uneasy, in the night I had little rest, I sometimes never
+closed my eyelids for grief."
+
+It became not now so much a trial for academical reputation as to
+write a work which should be useful to Africa. It is not surprising
+that a work, written under the force of such feelings, should have
+gained the prize, as it did. Clarkson was summoned from London to
+Cambridge, to deliver his prize essay publicly. He says of himself, on
+returning back to London: "The subject of it almost wholly engrossed
+my thoughts. I became at times very seriously affected while on the
+road. I stopped my horse occasionally, dismounted, and walked.
+
+"I frequently tried to persuade myself that the contents of my essay
+could not be true, but the more I reflected on the authorities on
+which they were founded, the more I gave them credit. Coming in sight
+of Wade's Mill, in Hertfordshire, I sat down disconsolate on the turf
+by the roadside, and held my horse. Here a thought came into my mind,
+that if the contents of the essay were true, it was time that somebody
+should see these calamities to an end."
+
+These reflections, as it appears, were put off for awhile, but
+returned again.
+
+This young and noble heart was of a kind that could not comfort itself
+so easily for a brother's sorrow as many do.
+
+He says of himself: "In the course of the autumn of the same year, I
+walked frequently into the woods that I might think of the subject in
+solitude, and find relief to my mind there; but there the question
+still recurred, 'are these things true?' Still the answer followed as
+instantaneously, 'they are;' still the result accompanied it,--surely
+some person should interfere. I began to envy those who had seats in
+Parliament, riches, and widely-extended connections, which would
+enable them to take up this cause.
+
+"Finding scarcely any one, at the time, who thought of it, I was
+turned frequently to myself, but here many difficulties arose. It
+struck me, among others, that a young man only twenty-four years of
+age could not have that solid judgment, or that knowledge of men,
+manners, and things, which were requisite to qualify him to undertake
+a task of such magnitude and importance; and with whom was I to unite?
+I believed, also, that it looked so much like one of the feigned
+labors of Hercules, that my understanding would be suspected, if I
+proposed it."
+
+He however resolved to do something for the cause by translating his
+essay from Latin into English, enlarging and presenting it to the
+public. Immediately on the publication of this essay, he discovered to
+his astonishment and delight, that he was not the only one who had
+been interested in this subject.
+
+Being invited to the house of William Dillwyn, one of these friends to
+the cause, he says: "How surprised was I to learn, in the course of
+our conversation, of the labors of Granville Sharp, of the writings of
+Ramsey, and of the controversy in which the latter was engaged, of all
+which I had hitherto known nothing. How surprised was I to learn that
+William Dillwyn had, himself, two years before, associated himself
+with five others for the purpose of enlightening the public mind on
+this great subject.
+
+"How astonished was I to find, that a society had been formed in
+America for the same object. These thoughts almost overpowered me. My
+mind was overwhelmed by the thought, that I had been providentially
+directed to this house; the finger of Providence was beginning to be
+discernible, and that the day-star of African liberty was rising."
+
+After this he associated with many friends of the cause, and at last
+it became evident that in order to effect anything, he must sacrifice
+all other prospects in life, and devote himself exclusively to this
+work.
+
+He says, after mentioning reasons which prevented all his associates
+from doing this: "I could look, therefore, to no person but myself;
+and the question was, whether I was prepared to make the sacrifice. In
+favor of the undertaking, I urged to myself that never was any cause,
+which had been taken up by man, in any country or in any age, so great
+and important; that never was there one in which so much misery was
+heard to cry for redress; that never was there one in which so much
+good could be done; never one in which the duty of Christian charity
+could be so extensively exercised; never one more worthy of the
+devotion of a whole life towards it; and that, if a man thought
+properly, he ought to rejoice to have been called into existence, if
+he were only permitted to become an instrument in forwarding it in any
+part of its progress.
+
+"Against these sentiments, on the other hand, I had to urge that I
+had been designed for the church; that I had already advanced as far
+as deacon's orders in it; that my prospects there on account of my
+connections were then brilliant; that, by appearing to desert my
+profession, my family would be dissatisfied, if not unhappy. These
+thoughts pressed upon me, and rendered the conflict difficult.
+
+"But the sacrifice of my prospects staggered me, I own, the most. When
+the other objections which I have related, occurred to me, my
+enthusiasm instantly, like a flash of lightning, consumed them; but
+this stuck to me, and troubled me. I had ambition. I had a thirst
+after worldly interest and honors, and I could not extinguish it at
+once. I was more than two hours in solitude under this painful
+conflict. At length I yielded, not because I saw any reasonable
+prospect of success in my new undertaking, for all cool-headed and
+cool-hearted men would have pronounced against it; but in obedience, I
+believe, to a higher Power. And I can say, that both on the moment of
+this resolution, and for some time afterwards, I had more sublime and
+happy feelings than at any former period of my life."
+
+In order to show how this enterprise was looked upon and talked of
+very commonly by the majority of men in these times, we will extract
+the following passage from Boswell's Life of Johnson, in which Bozzy
+thus enters his solemn protest: "The wild and dangerous attempt, which
+has for some time been persisted in, to obtain an act of our
+Legislature, to abolish so very important and necessary a branch of
+commercial interest, must have been crushed at once, had not the
+insignificance of the zealots, who vainly took the lead in it, made
+the vast body of planters, merchants and others, whose immense
+properties are involved in that trade, reasonably enough suppose, that
+there could be no danger. The encouragement which the attempt has
+received, excites my wonder and indignation; and though some men of
+superior abilities have supported it, whether from a love of temporary
+popularity, when prosperous; or a love of general mischief, when
+desperate, my opinion is unshaken.
+
+"To abolish a statute which in all ages God has sanctioned, and man
+has continued, would not only be robbery to an innumerable class of
+our fellow-subjects, but it would be extreme cruelty to the African
+savages, a portion of whom it saves from massacre, or intolerable
+bondage in their own country, and introduces into a much happier
+state of life; especially now, when their passage to the West Indies,
+and their treatment there, is humanely regulated. To abolish this
+trade, would be to
+
+    '---- shut the gates of mercy on mankind.'"
+
+One of the first steps of Clarkson and his associates, was the
+formation of a committee of twelve persons, for the collection and
+dissemination of evidence on the subject.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The contest now began in earnest, a contest as sublime as any the
+world ever saw.
+
+The Abolition controversy more fully aroused the virtue, the talent,
+and the religion of the great English nation, than any other event or
+crisis which ever occurred.
+
+Wilberforce was the leader of the question in Parliament. The other
+members of the Anti-slavery Committee performed those labors which
+were necessary out of it.
+
+This labor consisted principally in the collection of evidence with
+regard to the traffic, and the presentation of it before the public
+mind. In this labor Clarkson was particularly engaged. The subject
+was hemmed in with the same difficulties that now beset the
+Anti-slavery cause in America. Those who knew most about it, were
+precisely those whose interest it was to prevent inquiry. An immense
+moneyed interest was arrayed against investigation, and was determined
+to suppress the agitation of the subject. Owing to this powerful
+pressure, many who were in possession of facts which would bear upon
+this subject, refused to communicate them; and often after a long and
+wearisome journey in search of an individual who could throw light
+upon the subject, Clarkson had the mortification to find his lips
+sealed by interest or timidity. As usual, the cause of oppression was
+defended by the most impudent lying; the slave-trade was asserted to
+be the latest revised edition of philanthropy. It was said that the
+poor African, the slave of miserable oppression in his own country,
+was wafted by it to an asylum in a Christian land; that the middle
+passage was to the poor negro a perfect elysium, infinitely happier
+than anything he had ever known in his own country. All this was said
+while manacles, and hand-cuffs, and thumb-screws, and instruments to
+force open the mouth, were a regular part of the stock for a slave
+ship, and were hanging in the shop windows of Liverpool for sale.
+
+For Clarkson's attention was first called to these things by observing
+them in the shop window, and on inquiring the use of one of them, the
+man informed him that many times negroes were sulky and tried to
+starve themselves to death, and this instrument was used to force open
+their jaws.
+
+Of Clarkson's labor in this investigation some idea may be gathered
+from his own words, when stating that for a season he was compelled to
+retire from the cause, he thus speaks. "As far as I myself was
+concerned, all exertion was then over. The nervous system was almost
+shattered to pieces. Both my memory and my hearing failed me. Sudden
+dizzinesses seized my head. A confused singing in the ear followed me
+wherever I went. On going to bed the very stairs seemed to dance up
+and down under me, so that, misplacing my foot, I sometimes fell.
+Talking, too, if it continued but half an hour, exhausted me so that
+profuse perspirations followed, and the same effect was produced even
+by an active exertion of the mind for the like time.
+
+These disorders had been brought on by degrees, in consequence of the
+severe labors necessarily attached to the promotion of the cause. For
+seven years I had a correspondence to maintain with four hundred
+persons, with my own hand; I had some book or other annually to write
+in behalf of the cause. In this time I had traveled more than
+thirty-five thousand miles in search of evidence, and a great part of
+these journeys in the night. All this time my mind had been on the
+stretch. It had been bent too to this one subject, for I had not even
+leisure to attend to my own concerns. The various instances of
+barbarity which had come successively to my knowledge within this
+period, had vexed, harrassed, and afflicted it. The wound which these
+had produced was rendered still deeper by those cruel disappointments
+before related, which arose from the reiterated refusals of persons to
+give their testimony, after I had traveled hundreds of miles in quest
+of them. But the severest stroke was that inflicted by the
+persecution, begun and pursued by persons interested in the
+continuance of the trade, of such witnesses as had been examined
+against them; and whom, on account of their dependent situation in
+life, it was most easy to oppress. As I had been the means of bringing
+these forward on these occasions, they naturally came to me, when
+thus persecuted, as the author of their miseries and their ruin. From
+their supplications and wants it would have been ungenerous and
+ungrateful to have fled. These different circumstances, by acting
+together, had at length brought me into the situation just mentioned;
+and I was therefore obliged, though very reluctantly, to be borne out
+of the field, where I had placed the great honor and glory of my
+life."
+
+I may as well add here that a Mr. Whitbread, to whom Clarkson
+mentioned this latter cause of distress, generously offered to repair
+the pecuniary losses of all who had suffered in this cause. One
+anecdote will be a specimen of the energy with which Clarkson pursued
+evidence. It had been very strenuously asserted and maintained that
+the subjects of the slave trade were only such unfortunates as had
+become prisoners of war, and who, if not carried out of the country in
+this manner, would be exposed to death or some more dreadful doom in
+their own country. This was one of those stories which nobody
+believed, and yet was particularly useful in the hands of the
+opposition, because it was difficult legally to disprove it. It was
+perfectly well known that in very many cases slavetraders made direct
+incursions into the country, kidnapped, and carried off the
+inhabitants of whole villages, but the question was, how to establish
+it? A gentleman whom Clarkson accidentally met on one of his journeys,
+informed him that he had been in company, about a year before, with a
+sailor, a very respectable looking young man, who had actually been
+engaged in one of these expeditions; he had spent half an hour with
+him at an inn; he described his person, but knew nothing of his name
+or the place of his abode, all he knew was that he belonged to a ship
+of war in ordinary, but knew nothing of the port. Clarkson determined
+that this man should be produced as a witness, and knew no better way
+than to go personally to all the ships in ordinary, until the
+individual was found. He actually visited every sea-port town, and
+boarded every ship, till in the very _last_ port and on the very
+_last_ ship which remained, the individual was found, and found to be
+possessed of just the facts and information which were necessary. By
+the labors of Clarkson and his contemporaries an incredible excitement
+was produced throughout all England. The pictures and models of slave
+ships, accounts of the cruelties practised in the trade, were
+circulated with an industry which left not a man, woman, or child in
+England uninstructed. In disseminating information, and in awakening
+feeling and conscience, the women of England were particularly
+earnest, and labored with that whole-hearted devotion which
+characterizes the sex.
+
+It seems that after the committee had published the facts, and sent
+them to every town in England, Clarkson followed them up by journeying
+to all the places, to see that they were read and attended to. Of the
+state of feeling at this time, Clarkson gives the following account:
+
+"And first I may observe, that there was no town through which I
+passed, in which there was not some one individual who had left off
+the use of sugar. In the smaller towns there were from ten to fifty,
+by estimation, and in the larger, from two to five hundred, who made
+this sacrifice to virtue. These were of all ranks and parties. Rich
+and poor, churchmen and dissenters had adopted the measure. Even
+grocers had left off trading in the article in some places. In
+gentlemen's families, where the master had set the example, the
+servants had often voluntarily followed it; and even children, who
+were capable of understanding the history of the sufferings of the
+Africans, excluded with the most virtuous resolution the sweets, to
+which they had been accustomed, from their lips. By the best
+computation I was able to make, from notes taken down in my journey,
+no fewer than three hundred thousand persons had abandoned the use of
+sugar." It was the reality, depth, and earnestness of the public
+feeling, thus aroused, which pressed with resistless force upon the
+government; for the government of England yields to popular demands,
+quite as readily as that of America.
+
+After years of protracted struggle, the victory was at last won. The
+slave-trade was finally abolished through all the British empire; and
+not only so, but the English nation committed, with the whole force of
+its national influence, to seek the abolition of the slave-trade in
+all the nations of the earth. But the wave of feeling did not rest
+there; the investigations had brought before the English conscience
+the horrors and abominations of slavery itself, and the agitation
+never ceased till slavery was finally abolished through all the
+British provinces. At this time the religious mind and conscience of
+England gained, through this very struggle, a power which it never has
+lost. The principle adopted by them was the same so sublimely adopted
+by the church in America, in reference to the Foreign Missionary
+cause: "The field is the world." They saw and felt that as the example
+and practice of England had been powerful in giving sanction to this
+evil, and particularly in introducing it into America, that there was
+the greatest reason why she should never intermit her efforts till the
+wrong was righted throughout the earth.
+
+Clarkson to his last day never ceased to be interested in the subject,
+and took the warmest interest in all movements for the abolition of
+slavery in America.
+
+One of his friends, during my visit at this place, read me a
+manuscript letter from him, written at a very advanced age, in which
+he speaks with the utmost ardor and enthusiasm of the first
+anti-slavery movements of Cassius Clay in Kentucky. The same friend
+described him to me as a cheerful, companionable being,--frank and
+simple-hearted, and with a good deal of quiet humor.
+
+It is remarkable of him that with such intense feeling for human
+suffering as he had, and worn down and exhausted as he was, by the
+dreadful miseries and sorrows with which he was constantly obliged to
+be familiar, he never yielded to a spirit of bitterness or
+denunciation.
+
+The narrative which he gives is as calm and unimpassioned, and as free
+from any trait of this kind, as the narrative of the evangelist.
+
+I have given this sketch of what Clarkson did, that you may better
+appreciate the feelings with which I visited the place.
+
+The old stone house, the moat, the draw-bridge, all spoke of days of
+violence long gone by, when no man was safe except within fortified
+walls, and every man's house literally had to be his castle.
+
+To me it was interesting as the dwelling of a conqueror, as one who
+had not wrestled with flesh and blood merely, but with principalities
+and powers, and the rulers of the darkness of this world, and who had
+overcome, as his great Master did before him, by faith, and prayer,
+and labor.
+
+We were received with much cordiality by the widow of Clarkson, now in
+her eighty-fourth year. She has been a woman of great energy and
+vigor, and an efficient co-laborer in his plans of benevolence.
+
+She is now quite feeble. I was placed under the care of a respectable
+female servant, who forthwith installed me in a large chamber
+overlooking the court-yard, which had been Clarkson's own room; the
+room where for years, many of his most important labors had been
+conducted, and from whence his soul had ascended to the reward of the
+just.
+
+The servant who attended me seemed to be quite a superior woman; like
+many of the servants in respectable English families. She had grown up
+in the family, and was identified with it; its ruling aims and
+purposes had become hers. She had been the personal attendant of
+Clarkson, and his nurse during his last sickness; she had evidently
+understood, and been interested in his plans, and the veneration with
+which she therefore spoke of him, had the sanction of intelligent
+appreciation.
+
+A daughter of Clarkson, who was married to a neighboring clergyman,
+with her husband, was also present on this day.
+
+After dinner we rode out to see the old church, in hose enclosure the
+remains of Clarkson repose. It was just such a still, quiet, mossy old
+church, as you have read of in story-books, with the grave-yard spread
+all around it, like a thoughtful mother, who watches the resting of
+her children.
+
+The grass in the yard was long and green, and the daisy, which in
+other places lies like a little button on the ground, here had a
+richer fringe of crimson, and a stalk about six inches high. It is, I
+well know, the vital influence from the slumbering dust beneath, which
+gives the richness to this grass and these flowers; but let not that
+be a painful thought; let it rather cheer us, that beauty should
+spring from ashes, and life smile brighter from the near presence of
+death. The grave of Clarkson was near the church, enclosed by a
+railing and marked by a simple white marble slab; it was carefully
+tended and planted with flowers. In the church was an old book of
+records, and among other curious inscriptions, was one recording how a
+pious committee of old Noll's army had been there, knocking off
+saints' noses, and otherwise purging the church from the relics of
+idolatry.
+
+Near by the church was the parsonage, the home of my friends, a neat,
+pleasant, sequestered dwelling, of about the style of a New England
+country parsonage.
+
+The effect of the whole together was inexpressibly beautiful to me.
+For a wonder, it was a pleasant day, and this is a thing always to be
+thankfully acknowledged in England. The calm stillness of the
+afternoon, the seclusion of the whole place, the silence only broken
+by the cawing of the rooks, the ancient church, the mossy graves with
+their flowers and green grass, the sunshine and the tree shadows, all
+seemed to mingle together in a kind of hazy dream of peacefulness and
+rest. How natural it is to say of some place sheltered, simple, cool,
+and retired, here one might find peace, as if peace came from without,
+and not from within. In the shadiest and stillest places may be the
+most turbulent hearts, and there are hearts which, through the busiest
+scenes, carry with them unchanging peace. As we were walking back, we
+passed many cottages of the poor.
+
+I noticed, with particular pleasure, the invariable flower garden
+attached to each. Some pansies in one of them attracted my attention
+by their peculiar beauty, so very large and richly colored. On being
+introduced to the owner of them, she, with cheerful alacrity, offered
+me some of the finest. I do not doubt of there being suffering and
+misery in the agricultural population of England, but still there are
+multitudes of cottages, which are really very pleasant objects, as
+were all these. The cottagers had that bright, rosy look of health
+which we seldom see in America, and appeared to be both polite and
+self-respecting.
+
+In the evening we had quite a gathering of friends from the
+neighborhood--intelligent, sensible, earnest, people--who had grown up
+in the love of the anti-slavery cause as into religion. The subject of
+conversation was: "The duty of English people to free themselves from
+any participation in American slavery, by taking means to encourage
+the production of free cotton in the British provinces."
+
+It is no more impossible or improbable that something effective may be
+done in this way, than that the slave-trade should have been
+abolished. Every great movement seems an impossibility at first. There
+is no end to the number of things declared and proved impossible,
+which have been done already, so that this may do something yet.
+
+Mrs. Clarkson had retired from the room early; after a while she sent
+for me to her sitting-room. The faithful attendant of whom I spoke was
+with her. She wished to show me some relics of her husband, his watch
+and seals, some of his papers and manuscripts; among these was the
+identical prize essay with which he began his career, and a
+commentary on the Gospels, which he had written with great care, for
+the use of his grandson. His seal attracted my attention--it was that
+kneeling figure, of the negro, with clasped hands, which was at first
+adopted as the badge of the cause, when every means was being made use
+of to arouse the public mind and keep the subject before the
+attention. Mr. Wedgewood, the celebrated porcelain manufacturer,
+designed a cameo, with this representation, which was much worn as an
+ornament by ladies. It was engraved on the seal of the Anti-Slavery
+Society, and was used by its members in sealing all their letters.
+This of Clarkson's was handsomely engraved on a large, old-fashioned
+cornelian, and surely if we look with emotion on the sword of a
+departed hero, which, at best, we can consider only as a necessary
+evil, we may look with unmingled pleasure on this memorial of a
+bloodless victory.
+
+When I retired to my room for the night I could not but feel that the
+place was hallowed--unceasing prayer had there been offered for the
+enslaved and wronged race of Africa by that noble and brotherly heart.
+I could not but feel that that those prayers had had a wider reach
+than the mere extinction of slavery in one land or country, and that
+their benign influence would not cease till not a slave was left upon
+the face of the earth.
+
+[Illustration: (signature) H. B. Stowe]
+
+
+
+
+Teaching the Slave to Read.
+
+
+Much has been discussed and written, both at the North and South,
+concerning the policy and propriety of permitting those in bondage to
+gain the rudiments of a common education.
+
+Many who _conscientiously_ (for having lived among them, I do believe
+that there _are_ "conscientious" slave-owners) hold their laborers in
+servitude, believe that the experiment might be successfully tried.
+Indeed, it is often tried on plantations, even in States where the law
+enforces strict penalties against it. They believe that the slaves, if
+permitted to learn to read, would be more moral, faithful and
+obedient; and they cannot reconcile it with their sense of duty to
+keep from them the perusal of the Bible.
+
+The majority, however, think differently; and the majority will always
+make the laws. _They_ believe that there is a talismanic power in
+even the alphabet of knowledge, to arouse in the bondsman powers which
+they would crush for ever. They believe that one truth leads on to
+another, and that the mind, once aroused to inquiry, will never rest
+until it has found out its native independence of man's dominion. They
+point triumphantly, in proof of the policy of their system, to the
+"spoiled slave," as they term many of those in whose training the
+opposite course has been pursued. More trouble, vexation, and
+insubordination, they confidently allege, has been caused by
+permitting slaves to learn to read, than by any other indulgence.
+
+It may be so; it is certain that, in many instances, masters have
+failed to win the gratitude to which they thought themselves justly
+entitled, for their kindness and care. They have found their servants
+growing discontented and idle, where they hoped to make them docile
+and happy. Searching for the cause of this, they perhaps turn upon the
+course of training they have followed, and accuse it of being opposed
+to the best interests of the slave. Could such reasoners but look upon
+the matter in its true perspective, they would cease to wonder that
+"good" should, in their view, "work out evil." _Learning_ and
+_Slavery_ can never compromise; they are as the antagonistic poles of
+the magnet.
+
+In the first place, Slavery blunts the mind, and renders it, in its
+early years, unsusceptible to those impressions which are generally so
+lasting, when made upon youthful minds. Many who have tried to educate
+colored children, have been led to accuse _the race_ of natural
+inferiority in its capacity to gain knowledge. We have no right to
+draw _that_ inference from the few attempts which have been made on a
+part of the race whose mental faculties have, through many
+generations, been crippled by disuse.
+
+I had once under my charge, for a short time, a negro girl, born in
+Africa--"Margru" of the "Armistad," with whose history most are
+familiar. On _her_ ancestory hung no clog of depression, except that
+of native wildness. There was no lack of aptitude to learn in her
+case. She astonished all by the ease with which she acquired
+knowledge, particularly in mathematical science. That a native heathen
+should be a better recipient of knowledge than one brought up in the
+midst of American civilization, speaks well for "the race," but ill
+for "the system," which has trained the latter.
+
+Not only is this native dulness to be overcome, but _time_ for study
+is to be found--time enough for the faculties to unbend from the
+pressure of labor, and fix themselves upon the mental task. This is
+what few employers consider themselves able to afford. Once a week, in
+their opinion, is quite often enough for the slave to repeat his
+lesson; and through the week he may forget it. No wonder that both the
+indulgent master and the teacher--yes, and the learner, too, often
+become discouraged, and give up the task before the Word of God is
+unlocked to "the poor," for whom it was expressly written!
+
+I speak as one who has _felt_ these obstacles, having, with the
+approval of one of the class to whom I have alluded, taken charge of a
+Sunday school among his servants. More attentive and grateful pupils I
+never had, but it has pained my heart to feel the difficulty of
+leading them even to the _threshold_ of knowledge; and there leaveing
+them!
+
+In an adjoining household, however, it was still worse. George, a
+light-colored "boy" of twenty-five, the "factotum" of his mistress,
+was the husband of our cook, Letty. I had succeeded in taking Letty
+through several chapters in the New Testament, and this had aroused
+the ambition of George.
+
+"What do you think?" exclaimed one of the family to me, one morning;
+"Mrs. ---- has been _whipping_ George!"
+
+"Why! for what could that have been? I thought he was a favorite
+servant!"
+
+"For taking lessons of Letty in the spelling-book!"
+
+It was even so. The poor fellow wanted to learn to stammer in his
+Testament, and Letty, like any true-hearted wife, had given him the
+little assistance she could render. The whipping failed of its
+intended effect, however. Going one evening, at a late hour, into
+Letty's cabin, I found George seated by her on the floor, in the
+corner of their mud fire-place, poring intently over the forbidden
+spelling-book! He started up confused, but seeing who it was, he was
+reassured, and went on with his lesson! Whether George, Letty, or any
+of those who have gained the rudiments of science, will be _more
+happy_ in their servitude, is to me exceedingly doubtful. Thus far the
+severer classes of masters have the right; a slave, to be perfectly
+contented _as_ a slave, must be in total ignorance. But better, far
+better, greater suffering, if it bring enlargement of man's higher
+being, than that system that would _smother_ the soul in its bodily
+case. Let the slave have the key to the gate of Life Eternal, even if
+his pathway through this life must be more thickly sown with thorns.
+Let the opposing principles wage, until the right of _one_ is
+asserted. And, oh! above all pray for the day when these fetters shall
+be stricken from the souls God has created, wherewith to people, we
+firmly trust, no mean "tabernacle" of His New Jerusalem!
+
+[Illustration: (signature) Mary Irving]
+
+THIBODAUX, Nov. 25, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+FUN-JOTTINGS;
+
+OR,
+
+LAUGHS I HAVE TAKEN A PEN TO!
+
+BY N. P. WILLIS
+
+The Most Popular Author Before the Public!
+
+ONE VOLUME 12MO. MUSLIN--PRICE $1.25.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOURTH THOUSAND IN SIXTY DAYS!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & Co., Auburn, N. Y.,     }
+                                             } Publishers.
+  WANZER, BEARDSLEY & Co., Rochester, N. Y., }
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Extracts from Notices of the Press.
+
+"From the title of the volume one would suppose that it was made up
+exclusively of funny anecdotes and amusing stories. Such, however, is
+not the fact. Many incidents narrated in the book, will be read with
+other feelings than those inspired by the perusal of laughable
+anecdotes. But they, as well as the _real_ 'Fun-Jottings,' will be
+perused with interest. The work is written in Willis' peculiar and
+happy style. It will unquestionably meet with a wide sale. It is
+printed in the best style of the art, and handsomely bound."--_Auburn
+Daily Adv._
+
+"Some twenty choice love stories, all ending in fun, and redolent with
+mirth, are related with humor and sentiment, which are decidedly
+captivating."--_Syracuse Journal._
+
+"These Fun Jottings' embrace the best of Willis' livelier efforts. * *
+* The most clever, graphic, and entertaining sketches ever produced in
+this country."--_Boston Post._
+
+"It is a good book, and will be read by thousands."--_Chicago
+Journal_.
+
+"Some of Mr. Willis' happiest hits and most graceful specimens of
+compositions are here included."--_N. Y. Evangelist._
+
+"Fresh, lively, gay, and gossipping, these 'Fun Jottings' deservedly
+merit the enduring garb in which they appear."--_Home Gazette_.
+
+"One of Willis' pleasant books, in which the reader is always sure to
+find entertainment."--_Philadelphia Mirror_.
+
+"The contents are better than the title."--_N. Y. Tribune_.
+
+"A volume of light sketches, written in Mr. Willis' most amusing
+style, and will be read by everybody."--_Detroit Advertiser_.
+
+"It contains the best specimen of the prose writings of Mr.
+Willis."--_Montgomery Gazette_.
+
+"The book is entertaining and spicy--just the kind of reading to
+keep one 'wide awake' during the long nights that are now
+approaching."--_Phil. News_.
+
+"For laughter without folly, for a specific in innocent mirthfulness
+against _ennui_ and _hypo_--as a cordial to the animal spirits when
+drooping with care or flagging with excess of labor--this volume of
+'Fun-Jottings' bears the palm."--_N. Y. Independent_.
+
+"It is funny and fascinating--a collection of Willis' dashing
+sketches--half comic, half pathetic."--_Cincinnati Herald_.
+
+"Mr. Willis' reputation as a story writer, has long been well
+established, and lovers of this kind of reading will find a rich
+entertainment in this volume."--_Hartford Times_.
+
+
+
+
+THE FARM AND THE FIRESIDE;
+
+OR,
+
+THE ROMANCE OF AGRICULTURE,
+
+BEING
+
+HALF HOURS OF LIFE IN THE COUNTRY, FOR RAINY DAYS AND WINTER EVENINGS.
+
+
+BY REV. JOHN L. BLAKE, D. D.
+
+AUTHOR OF FARMER'S EVERY-DAY BOOK; THE FARMER AT HOME; AND A GENERAL
+BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COMMENDATIONS OF THE PERIODICAL PRESS.
+
+
+From the Ohio Farmer.
+
+DR. BLAKE is justly regarded as one of the best agricultural writers
+in the country, and the work before us is one of the most interesting
+productions of his pen. Its peculiar merit, as a work for the
+fireside, consists in the variety of its topics, its plain and simple,
+yet attractive style, its fine engravings, and the interesting romance
+which the author has thrown around Rural and Agricultural Life. In
+this respect, "The Farm and the Fireside" is a work well adapted to
+the youthful mind. We hope it may be extensively read, as it cannot
+fail to improve the taste and promote inquiry in the most useful and
+practical of all departments of science.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Evangelist.
+
+The aim of the author has been to throw over labor, home and
+agricultural life, their true dignity and charm; to introduce the
+farmer to the delights and privileges of his lot; to embellish the
+cares of toil with those kindly sentiments so naturally associated
+with the country and its employments. It is a pleasant book--one that
+will enliven the fireside, elevate and purify the thoughts, and, at
+the same time, impart a great deal of valuable agricultural knowledge.
+We know not how the natural trains of thought of the farmer could be
+more aptly met or more safely and agreeably led, than they are by
+these brief and varied discussions. The range is as wide as life
+itself--morals, religion, business, recreation, education, home, wife
+and daughters--every relation and duty is touched upon, genially and
+instinctively.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Tribune.
+
+We have here another highly instructive and entertaining volume from
+an author, who had laid the community under large obligations by the
+enterprise and tact with which he has so frequently catered to the
+popular taste for descriptions of rural life. Its contents are of a
+very miscellaneous character, embracing sketches of natural history,
+accounts of successful farming operations, anecdotes of distinguished
+characters, singular personal reminiscences, pithy moral reflections,
+and numerous pictures of household life in the country. No family can
+add this volume to their collection of books without increasing their
+sources of pleasure and profit.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Northern Christian Advocate.
+
+The venerable author of this work is entitled to the warmest thanks of
+the public for his numerous and valuable contributions to our
+literature. He is truly an American classic. We have been conversant
+with his writings for the last twenty years, and have always found
+them both useful and entertaining in a high degree. His writings on
+Agriculture contain much real science, with numerous illustrative
+incidents, anecdotes, and aphorisms, all in the most lively and
+pleasing manner. By this means the dry details of farming business are
+made to possess all the interest of romance. The style is clear, easy,
+and dignified; the matter instructive, philosophical, and persuasive.
+This work is an eloquent plea for the noble and independent pursuit of
+Agriculture.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the National Magazine.
+
+We return our thanks for the new volume of Dr. Blake, "The Farm and
+the Fireside, or the Romance of Agriculture, being Half Hours and
+Sketches of Life in the Country," a charming title, certainly, and one
+that smacks of the man as well as of the country. Eschewing the
+dryness of scientific forms and erudite details, the author presents
+detached, but most entertaining, and often very suggestive articles on
+a great variety of topics--from the "Wild Goose" to "Conscience in the
+Cow,"--from the "Value of Lawyers in a Community" to the "Objections
+to early Marriages." The book is, in fine, quite unique, and just such
+a one as the farmer would like to pore over at his fireside on long
+winter evenings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Recorder.
+
+"The Farm and the Fireside," is a most interesting and valuable work,
+being a series of Sketches relating to Agriculture and the numerous
+kindred arts and sciences, interspersed with miscellaneous moral
+instruction, adapted to the life of the farmer.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the Germantown Telegraph.
+
+We have looked through this work and read some of the "Sketches," and
+feel a degree of satisfaction in saying that it possesses decided
+merit, and will commend itself, wherever known, as a volume of much
+social interest and entertainment. The sketches comprise "Country
+Life" generally--some of them are just sufficiently touched with
+romance to give them additional zest; while others are purely
+practical, and relate to the farmer's pursuit. We regard it as a
+valuable book, and are sorry our limits will not admit of bestowing
+upon it such a notice as it really deserves.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
+
+This work is a collection of miscellaneous sketches on the Romance of
+Agriculture and Rural Life. Matters of fact, however, are not excluded
+from the volume, which is well adapted for reading in the snatches of
+leisure enjoyed at the farmer's fireside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the True Democrat.
+
+Dr. Blake's publications are all of a high order, and are doing a most
+important work towards refining the taste, improving the intellect,
+and rendering attractive the various branches of Agricultural
+science. Indeed we know no author who has so successfully blended the
+romantic, the rural and beautiful with the poetical, the useful, and
+true, as has Dr. Blake. This is a peculiar feature of all his works.
+His style is plain, simple, and perspicuous; and, with unusual tact
+and judgment, he so manages to insinuate himself upon you, that you
+are at once amused, delighted, and instructed with the subject he is
+discussing. In this respect he relieves the study of agricultural
+science from the abstruseness of technical science, and thus renders
+himself easily comprehended by all classes of readers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the New-York Evening Post.
+
+The author's object is to improve the soil through the mind--not so
+much to place in the hands of farmers the best methods of raising
+large crops--for these he refers them to Leibig's Agricultural
+Chemistry, and to treatises of the like description--but to make them
+feel how useful, agreeable, and ennobling, is the profession of
+agriculture, and, above all, how profitable the business must become
+when skilfully and economically carried on. These money-making
+considerations are, we suspect, the best moral guano that can be
+applied to the farmer's spiritual soil. The author writes well of the
+countryman's independence, the good effect of fresh salubrious air
+upon his health, and the moral influence of his every-day intimacy
+with nature upon his mind.
+
+"The Farm and the Fireside" is a kind of Bucolical annual--to be read
+in seasons of leisure--intended for the Phyllises and Chloes, as well
+as for the Strephons and Lindors. Dr. Blake has enriched it with
+curious anecdotes of domestic animals, and of the best way of raising
+and selling them. He describes model-farms, and the large incomes made
+from them. He expatiates on the advantages of matrimony in rural life,
+expounds the true theory of choosing a helpmate, discusses the
+advantages of Sunday-Schools, and recommends neatness of attire and
+punctuality in bathing. In short, this volume is as diversified in its
+aspect as the small garden of a judicious cultivator, where, in a
+limited space, useful cabbages, potatoes, and all the solid esculent
+greens, grow side by side with choice fruits and pleasant flowers.
+
+
+
+
+IMMENSE SALE!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LEWIE;
+
+OR,
+
+THE BENDED TWIG!
+
+BY COUSIN CICELY
+
+Author of "SILVER LAKE STORIES."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EIGHTH THOUSAND NOW PRINTING!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NO BOOK sells like it--None so well supplies the demand! Superbly
+Printed and Beautifully Bound.
+
+Price from $1.00 to $1.75, according to style.
+
+  ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & Co., Auburn, N. Y.,     }
+                                             } Publishers.
+  WANZER, BEARDSLEY & Co., Rochester, N. Y., }
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+What the Press Say:
+
+COUSIN CICELY is very industrious--whether in penciling lights or
+shadows, in describing domestic scenery, or inculcating religious
+principles, the fair author possesses a happy facility, so as to
+render her productions alike agreeable and instructive.--_Protestant
+Churchman._
+
+This book is written in a style well calculated to please, and
+contains an inestimable moral--plain, concise, and void of
+superfluities, that a child may understand it--characters life-like
+and well sustained, and the whole plan of the work is good.--_Yates
+Co. Whig._
+
+The contents of the work are of the first order and
+unexceptionable.--_Rochester Daily Union._
+
+The story is not only well written, but it has merits in the dramatic
+grouping of incidents, graphic delineation of character, and the
+affecting interest which attracts and supports the reader's
+attention through the whole work, from the opening scene to the
+finale.--_Rochester Daily Democrat._
+
+This is a new work from the pen of the gifted author of the "Silver
+Lake Stories." It is got up in a style of mechanical elegance equal to
+the issues of Putnam and Appleton, and the quality of its contents
+will not be found behind that of three-fourths of the publications
+that emanate from the pens of more wide-known authors, and
+from publishing houses that employ none but the _best
+writers_.--_Canandaigua Messenger._
+
+It is a story designed to illustrate the deplorable effects of a
+neglect of proper parental discipline in infancy; in a well-written
+preface, the authoress, "Cousin Cicely," assures us it is
+substantially a narrative of facts. It traces the career of a spoiled
+and petted boy, whose mother was too weak and indolent to restrain him
+as she ought, through the several stages of a perverse childhood, a
+reckless boyhood, and a passionate, ungovernable youth, till this
+victim of a parent's folly is found in a felon's cell, with the mark
+of Cain on his brow.--_Auburn Daily Advertiser._
+
+The authoress, who, by the way, need not be afraid to sail under her
+own proper colors hereafter, claims that most of the incidents are
+taken from real life; a very creditable averment, as the work, with
+slight modifications in each individual case, would prove a faithful
+portraiture of the early training and subsequent career of nine-tenths
+of the victims of the gallows, and of the penitentiary.--_Mirror,
+Lyons, N. Y._
+
+The writer of this, and of many other pleasant volumes--"Cousin
+Cicely," as she chooses to be called--is gifted with rare talents,
+which she is wisely devoting to useful ends. Her charming "Silver Lake
+Stories," have effected much good, and this work is well calculated
+to do the same, both with children of the larger and of the smaller
+growth. * * * Difficulties of various natures arise, on the last and
+most important of which hangs the catastrophe of the story. But what
+that is, and how the book ends, is for the reader to find out, not for
+us to tell.--_Albany Eve Journal._
+
+* * * One of the domestic sort--speaking of home, dwelling upon home
+affections and family character, and the incidents of common life, yet
+as deeply interesting as the most romantic narrative. It has not been
+paraded before the public with ostentatious praise; but it will be far
+more acceptable to the reader than many works that have thus attracted
+interest in advance, without being able to meet and repay it.--_Albany
+Atlas._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Transcriber's Notes:
+
+The transcriber made the following changes to the text:
+
+ 1. p.  24, "two" changed to italic "two"
+ 3. p.  68, Cries she; "but let ...  no closing quote
+ 4. p.  84, "warant" changed to "warrant"
+ 5. p. 110, "jeweleries" changed to "jewelries"
+ 6. p. 192, "outage, But" changed to "outage. But"
+ 7. p. 214, will of Legree?" closing quote deleted
+ 8. p. 216, "contend its exists" changed to "contend it exists"
+ 9. p. 234, "manisfestation, They" changed to "manisfestation. They"
+10. p. 235, But the Spirit said, "Not so; ... no closing quote
+11. Footnote #7, "Ye christian Bondous"
+             changed to "Ye Christian Bondous"
+12. p. 293, "cotemporaries" changed to "contemporaries"
+13. p. 302, "procelain" changed to "porcelain"
+
+Several page numbers in the Contents are not correct.
+
+"Massacre at Blount's Fort" is actually found on page 16, not 14.
+Likwise, "A Wish" is found on page 209, not 207. And "Mary Smith" will
+be found on page 236, not 237.  The page numbers in the Contents remains
+as published.
+
+End of Transcriber's Notes]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Autographs for Freedom, Volume 2 (of
+2) (1854), by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUTOGRAPHS FOR FREEDOM ***
+
+***** This file should be named 19949.txt or 19949.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/1/9/9/4/19949/
+
+Produced by Curtis Weyant, Richard J. Shiffer and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images produced by the Wright
+American Fiction Project.)
+
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