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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 01:19:39 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 01:19:39 -0700 |
| commit | 9709e9e8a8d7678f0c46f2e895c45df1e52b460a (patch) | |
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diff --git a/20159-tei/20159-tei.tei b/20159-tei/20159-tei.tei new file mode 100644 index 0000000..412bbb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/20159-tei/20159-tei.tei @@ -0,0 +1,3047 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> + +<!-- +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones +Mineralógicas by E. Hermitté and G. Bodenbender + + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no +restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under +the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or +online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license + + + +Title: Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralógicas + +Author: E. Hermitté and G. Bodenbender + +Release Date: December 22, 2006 [Ebook #20159] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 +--> + +<!DOCTYPE TEI.2 SYSTEM "http://www.gutenberg.org/tei/marcello/0.4/dtd/pgtei.dtd"> + +<TEI.2 lang="es"> +<teiHeader> + <fileDesc> + <titleStmt> + <title>Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralógicas</title> + <author>E. Hermitté</author> + <author>G. Bodenbender</author> + </titleStmt> + <editionStmt> + <edition n="1">Edition 1</edition> + </editionStmt> + <publicationStmt> + <publisher>Project Gutenberg</publisher> + <date value="2006-12-22">December 22, 2006</date> + <idno type="etext-no">20159</idno> + <availability> + <p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and + with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it + away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg + License online at www.gutenberg.org/license</p> + </availability> + </publicationStmt> + + <sourceDesc> + <bibl> + <title>Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralógicas</title> + <author>E. Hermitté</author> + <author>G. Bodenbender</author> + <imprint> + <publisher>Talleres de publicationes de la Oficina Meteorológica</publisher> + <pubPlace>BUENOS AIRES</pubPlace> + <date>1905</date> + </imprint> + </bibl> + </sourceDesc> + </fileDesc> + + <encodingDesc> + <classDecl> + <taxonomy id="lc"> + <bibl> + <title>Library of Congress Classification</title> + </bibl> + </taxonomy> + </classDecl> + </encodingDesc> + <profileDesc> + <langUsage> + <language id="es">Spanish</language> + </langUsage> + <textClass> + <classCode scheme="lc"> + *** + </classCode> + <keywords> + <list> + </list> + </keywords> + </textClass> + </profileDesc> + <revisionDesc> + <change> + <date value="2006-12-22">December 22, 2006</date> + <respStmt> + <name>Adrian Mastronardi<lb /></name> + <name>Joshua Hutchinson<lb /></name> + <name>Online Distributed Proofreading Team</name> + <name>This file was produced from images generously made available by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr</name> + </respStmt> + <item>Project Gutenberg Edition</item> + </change> + </revisionDesc> +</teiHeader> + +<pgExtensions> + <pgStyleSheet> + figure { text-align: center; page-float: 'htbp' } + .floatleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em } + .floatright { float: right; margin-left: 2em } + .w90 { } + .w50 { } + .w20 { } + .w05 { } + @media pdf { + .w90 { width: 90% } + .w50 { width: 50% } + .w20 { width: 20% } + .w05 { width: 5% } + } + </pgStyleSheet> +</pgExtensions> + +<text> +<front> +<div> +<divGen type="pgheader" /> +</div> + +<div rend="page-break-before: right"> +<p rend="text-align: center">REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA</p> + +<p rend="text-align: center">MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA<lb /> +DIVISIÓN DE MINAS, GEOLOGÍA É HIDROLOGÍA</p> + +<p rend="text-align: center"><lb /><lb /> +Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralógicas</p> + +<p rend="text-align: center">ESCOLARES</p> + +<p rend="text-align: center">E. HERMITTÉ - Jefe de la División </p> +<p rend="text-align: center">G. Bodenbender - Jefe de la Sección Geología</p> + +<p rend="text-align: center"><lb /><lb /> +BUENOS AIRES<lb /> +Talleres de publicationes de la Oficina Meteorológica<lb /> +1905</p> +</div> + +</front> + +<body> +<div rend="page-break-before: right"> +<index index="toc" /> +<index index="pdf" /> +<pb n="003" /><anchor id="Pg003" /> +<head>I. CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS</head> + +<p><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Cristales</hi>--(sueltos ó en agregados).</p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>Cubo de Pirita de hierro</cell> +<cell>N<hi rend="vertical-align: super">o</hi> 5<hi rend="vertical-align: super">a</hi></cell> +<cell>N<hi rend="vertical-align: super">o</hi> 5<hi rend="vertical-align: super">a*</hi></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Deltoedro del Analcima</cell> +<cell>» 92</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Dodecaedro rómbico, Deltoedro ó combinación de los dos (Granate)</cell> +<cell>» 72</cell> +<cell>» 34* y 34<hi rend="vertical-align: super">a*</hi></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Pirámide hexagonal del Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 26<hi rend="vertical-align: super">a</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Pirámide hexagonal con prisma del Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 26</cell> +<cell>» 16*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Romboedro del Espato calizo</cell> +<cell>» 43</cell> +<cell>» 23* y 24*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Escalenoedro del Espato calizo</cell> +<cell>» 44</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Cristales rómbicos (prisma con pinacoide) de la Baritina</cell> +<cell>» 64</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Prisma monoclínico con hemipirámide (incompleta) del Yeso</cell> +<cell>» 59</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Prisma monoclínico del Feldespato</cell> +<cell>» 90</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<p>NOTA.--Los números con estrella se refleren á la colección escolar primaria, +los otros á la colección escolar secundaria.</p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Agregados</hi>.--1) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Cristalizados.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 26 y 27</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato de cal</cell> +<cell>» 43 </cell> +<cell>» 44</cell> +</row> +<pb n="004" /><anchor id="Pg004" /> + +<row> +<cell>Granate</cell> +<cell>» 72</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Baritina</cell> +<cell>» 64</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Epídota</cell> +<cell>» 77</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Analcima, etc</cell> +<cell>» 92</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Cristalinos</hi>.--(macro y micro)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Azufre</cell> +<cell>» 1</cell> +<cell>N<hi rend="vertical-align: super">o</hi> 1*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Galena</cell> +<cell>» 7</cell> +<cell>» 6*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Blenda</cell> +<cell>» 11</cell> +<cell>» 7*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Hematita</cell> +<cell>» 20 y 21</cell> +<cell>» 11* y 12*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Estalactitas</cell> +<cell>» 47</cell> +<cell>» 25*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Mármol</cell> +<cell>» 57</cell> +<cell>» 43*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Yeso</cell> +<cell>» 60 </cell><cell>» 62</cell> +<cell>» 29* </cell><cell>» 30*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Feldespato, etc.</cell> +<cell>» 91</cell> +<cell>» 35*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Criptocristalinos.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Limonita</cell> +<cell>» 39</cell> +<cell>» 15*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Amorfos</hi>.--(Ópalo, Obsidiana, etc.)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<p><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Textura de de los Agregados</hi>. (Forma interior)</p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>1) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Agregados granulosos.</hi> (Grano grueso, medio grueso y fino, con transiciones al fibroso y laminar).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Hierro magnético</cell> +<cell>» 35</cell> +<cell>» 19*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Mármol</cell> +<cell>» 50</cell> +<cell>» 43*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Sal común</cell> +<cell>» 40</cell> +<cell>» 20*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Yeso, etc</cell> +<cell>» 62</cell> +<cell>» 30*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Agregados fibrosos</hi>.--(Gruesos, medio gruesos,finos, paralelos, radiados, reticulados, etcétera).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="005" /><anchor id="Pg005" /> + +<row> +<cell>Yeso</cell> +<cell>» 60</cell> +<cell>» 29*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Boronatrocalcita</cell> +<cell>» 42</cell> +<cell>» 22*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Asbesto</cell> +<cell>» 84</cell> +<cell>» 36*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Agregados laminares</hi>--hojosos, micáceos.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Yeso</cell> +<cell>» 61</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Mica</cell> +<cell>» 74</cell> +<cell>» 33*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Hematita, etc.</cell> +<cell>» 21</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Agregados homogéncos</hi>.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Onix-Mármol</cell> +<cell>» 19</cell> +<cell>» 26*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<p>NOTA.--Los agregados compactos están en contraposición á los porosos.<lb /></p> + +<p><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Formas Exteriores de los Agregados</hi>.</p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>1) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Estalactitas</hi></cell> +<cell>» 47</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Alambres y chapas</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Oro, Plata, Cobre</cell> +<cell>» 2, 3, 4</cell> +<cell>» 2*, 3*, y 4*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Concreciones</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Tosca</cell> +<cell>» 51</cell> +<cell>» 44*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Boronatrocalcita</cell> +<cell>» 42</cell> +<cell>» 22*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Drusas</hi>. (Secreciones): </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato de cal</cell> +<cell>» 43</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Analcima</cell> +<cell>» 92</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>5) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Costras, revestimientos, pegaduras</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Azurita</cell> +<cell>» 58</cell> +<cell>» 28*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Descloizita</cell> +<cell>» 71</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>6) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Eflorescencias</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Alumbre</cell> +<cell>» 65</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Sulfato de magnesio</cell> +<cell>» 66</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>7) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Embutidas</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Granate en feldespato, etc.</cell> +<cell>» 73</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Hierro cromífero en Serpentina</cell> +<cell>» 36</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>8) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Vetas ó filones</hi>. (Agregados de orden superior) Galena, blenda, etc., con cuarzo ó espato de hierro, etc. </cell> +<cell>» 19</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="006" /><anchor id="Pg006" /> + +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Fósiles.</hi>--(Formas orgánicas) </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Plantas fósiles (carbonizadas)</cell> +<cell>» 100</cell> +<cell>» 50*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Madera fósil silicificada</cell> +<cell>» 34</cell> +<cell>» 18*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Animales fósiles</cell> +<cell>» 99</cell> +<cell>» 49*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Seudomorfismo.</hi> (Epigenias): </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Hierro pardo en cubos, por descomposición de pirita de hierro</cell> +<cell>» 6</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Maclas</hi>. (Gemelos), múltiples, caracterizados por estriamiento sobre los planos de clivaje. </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato de cal</cell> +<cell>» 45</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> +</div> + +<div> +<index index="toc" /> +<index index="pdf" /> +<head>II. CARACTERES FÍSICOS</head> + +<p><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Clivaje</hi>, (ó cruceros):</p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>A) Según la posición de los planos de clivaje:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>1) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Octaédrico:</hi> </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Hierro magnético</cell> +<cell>» 35</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Cúbico:</hi> </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Galena</cell> +<cell>» 7</cell> +<cell>» 6*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Romboédrico:</hi> </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato de cal</cell> +<cell>» 45 y 46 </cell> +<cell>» 23* y 24*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Prismático:</hi> </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Antimonita</cell> +<cell>» 12</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Enargita</cell> +<cell>» 17</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="007" /><anchor id="Pg007" /> + +<row> +<cell>B) Según el grado de perfección:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>1) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Sumamente perfecto</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Mica</cell> +<cell>» 74</cell> +<cell>» 33*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Muy perfecto</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Galena</cell> +<cell>» 7 y 8</cell> +<cell>» 6*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato de cal</cell> +<cell>» 45 y 46 </cell> +<cell>» 23* y 24*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Imperfecto ó muy imperfecto.</hi> </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 26 y 27</cell> +<cell>» 16*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Granate</cell> +<cell>» 72</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<p><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Fractura</hi>.--A) Según la forde la superficie:</p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>1) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Concoidal</hi>: (factura del vidrio grueso) (Obsidiana).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Desigual</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Pirita de hierro</cell> +<cell>» 5</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 86</cell> +<cell>» 17*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Llana</hi>. </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Piedra Córnea.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>B) Según la calidad de de la superficie: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Lisa</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Piedra córnea y Calcedonia.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Astillosa</hi>:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Triplita</cell> +<cell>» 70</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Erizada</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Oro, Plata, Cobre</cell> +<cell>» 2, 3, 4</cell> +<cell>» 2*, 3* y 4*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Terrosa</hi>: </cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Hematita ocrácea</cell> +<cell>» 22</cell> +<cell>» 11*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Kaolina</cell> +<cell>» 94</cell> +<cell>» 37*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<pb n="008" /><anchor id="Pg008" /> + +<p><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Dureza</hi>.--Escala de dureza:</p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>1) Talco</cell> +<cell>» 80</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) Yeso</cell> +<cell>» 62</cell> +<cell>» 30*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) Espato de cal</cell> +<cell>» 45</cell> +<cell>» 23*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) Espato fluor</cell> +<cell>» 41</cell> +<cell>» 21*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>5) Apatita</cell> +<cell>» 69</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>6) Ortoclasa</cell> +<cell>» 91</cell> +<cell>» 35*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>7) Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 28</cell> +<cell>» 16*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>8) Topacio.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>9) Corindón.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>10) Diamante.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<milestone unit="tb" /> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>1) Minerales muy blandos, rayados por la uña (grados 1 hasta 3)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Oro, Plata, Cobre</cell> +<cell>» 2, 3, 4</cell> +<cell>» 2*, 3* y 4*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Galena</cell> +<cell>» 7</cell> +<cell>» 6*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Sal común</cell> +<cell>» 40</cell> +<cell>» 20*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Yeso</cell> +<cell>» 60 y 63</cell> +<cell>» 29* y 30*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Mica</cell> +<cell>» 74</cell> +<cell>» 33*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Kaolina</cell> +<cell>» 94</cell> +<cell>» 37*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) Minerales que no son +rayados por la uña, +pero si por la punta +de un cuchillo (grados +3 hasta 5).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Blenda</cell> +<cell>» 10</cell> +<cell>» 7*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Calcita</cell> +<cell>» 43</cell> +<cell>» 22*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato fluor</cell> +<cell>» 41</cell> +<cell>» 21*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) Minerales que no son +rayados por la punta de +un cuchillo (grados 6 +en adelante).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Feldespato.</cell> +<cell>N<hi rend="vertical-align: super">o</hi> 91</cell> +<cell>N<hi rend="vertical-align: super">o</hi> 35*</cell> +</row> + +<pb n="009" /><anchor id="Pg009" /> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 28</cell> +<cell>» 16* y 17*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Granate etc.</cell> +<cell>» 72</cell> +<cell>» 34*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<p><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Tenacidad</hi> <hi rend="font-style: italic">1</hi>) <hi rend="font-style: italic">frágiles:</hi></p> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>Pirita de hierro</cell> +<cell>» 5</cell> +<cell>» 5*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo</cell> +<cell>» 26 etc.</cell> +<cell>» 17*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Caliza etc.</cell> +<cell>» 43 »</cell> +<cell>» 22* y 23*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Sectiles:</hi> Chalcosina</cell> +<cell>» 9</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Talco</cell> +<cell>» 81</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Maleables</hi> (ductil): Oro, Plata, Cobre</cell> +<cell>» 2, 3, 4</cell> +<cell>» 2, 3, 4*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Elásticos:</hi> Mica</cell> +<cell>» 74</cell> +<cell>» 33*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>5) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Flexibles</hi> (Clorita, Talco, Asbesto).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Lustre</hi> a)--<hi rend="font-style: italic">Según cantidad. Mui lustroso:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Mica </cell> +<cell>» 74 </cell> +<cell>» 33*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato de Islandía </cell> +<cell>» 45 </cell> +<cell>» 23*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-style: italic">Lustroso:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Galena </cell> +<cell>» 7 </cell> +<cell>» 6*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Granate </cell> +<cell>» 72 </cell> +<cell>» 34*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Poco lustroso:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Feldespato </cell> +<cell>» 91 </cell> +<cell>» 35*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Berilo </cell> +<cell>» 88</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Mate:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Caolina </cell> +<cell>» 94 </cell> +<cell>» 37*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">b) Según calidad: Metálico:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Oro, Plata, Cobre </cell> +<cell>» 2, 3, y 4 </cell> +<cell>» 2*, 3* y 4*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Pirita de hierro etc. </cell> +<cell>» 5 </cell> +<cell>» 5*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Diamantino:</hi> (Diamente)--<hi rend="font-style: italic">Vidrioso:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Espato de cal </cell> +<cell>» 45 </cell> +<cell>» 23*</cell> +</row> + +<pb n="010" /><anchor id="Pg010" /> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo (sobre las caras de los cristales </cell> +<cell>» 26 </cell> +<cell>» 16*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-style: italic">Grasoso:</hi> (ó resinoso): Cuarzo sobre los planos de de fractura) </cell> +<cell>» 26 y 27 </cell> +<cell>» 16 y 17*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Wolframita (sobre los planos de fractura </cell> +<cell>» 67 </cell> +<cell>» 31*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Perlado:</hi> (nacarado).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Mica </cell> +<cell>» 74 </cell> +<cell>» 33*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Crisotila </cell> +<cell>» 83 </cell> +<cell>» 36*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-style: italic">Sedoso:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Wolastonita </cell> +<cell>» 85</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Aragonita </cell> +<cell>» 52</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Alumbre </cell> +<cell>» 65</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Boronatrocalcita </cell> +<cell>» 22 </cell> +<cell>» 22*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Diafanidad:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Transparente:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato de Islandia </cell> +<cell>» 45 </cell> +<cell>» 23*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Semi-transparente:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Cuarzo </cell> +<cell>» 26 </cell> +<cell>» 16*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Translúcido:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Onyx </cell> +<cell>» 49 </cell> +<cell>» 26*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Semi translúcido:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Feldespato </cell> +<cell>» 90 </cell> +<cell>» 35*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Opacos:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Oro, Plata, Pirita de hierro, etc.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Color:</hi> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales incoloros</hi> (en su estado puro)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo </cell> +<cell>» 26 </cell> +<cell>» 16*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Sal común </cell> +<cell>» 40 </cell> +<cell>» 20*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato de Islandia </cell> +<cell>» 45 </cell> +<cell>» 23*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales con colores</hi> propios (idiocromáticos) Oro, Plata, Cobre.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="011" /><anchor id="Pg011" /> + +<row> +<cell> Pirita de hierro </cell> +<cell>» 5 </cell> +<cell>» 5*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Malaquita </cell> +<cell>» 56 </cell> +<cell>» 28*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales con colores accidentales</hi> (alocromáticos)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Cuarzo rosado </cell> +<cell>» 29 </cell> +<cell>» 17*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Onyx--Mármol </cell> +<cell>» 49 </cell> +<cell>» 26*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato-Fluor </cell> +<cell>» 41 </cell> +<cell>» 21*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Granate </cell> +<cell>» 72 </cell> +<cell>» 34*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Feldespato </cell> +<cell>» 91 </cell> +<cell>» 35*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Colores metálicos:</hi> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Blancos:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Blanco de plata </cell> +<cell>» 3 </cell> +<cell>» 4*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> (Blanco de estaño) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Amarillos:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> De oro </cell> +<cell>» 2 </cell> +<cell>» 2*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> De bronce </cell> +<cell>» 5 </cell> +<cell>» 5*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> De latón </cell> +<cell>» 13 </cell> +<cell>» 9*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Gris:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> De plomo </cell> +<cell>» 7 </cell> +<cell>» 6*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Rojo:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> De cobre </cell> +<cell>» 4 </cell> +<cell>» 3*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Negro:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> De acero hasta negro de hierro</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Enargita </cell> +<cell>» 17 </cell> +<cell>» 10*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Hematita </cell> +<cell>» 20 </cell> +<cell>» 12*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Pirolusita </cell> +<cell>» 24 </cell> +<cell>» 13*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Colores no metálicos:</hi> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Blancos</hi> (tipo blanco de nieve):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Yeso </cell> +<cell>Nº 60 </cell> +<cell>Nº 29* y 30*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Caliza </cell> +<cell>» 46 y 47 </cell> +<cell>» 24* y 25*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Wolastonita </cell> +<cell>» 85</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Grises</hi> (tipo gris de ceniza):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Tierra de infusorios </cell> +<cell>» 33</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="012" /><anchor id="Pg012" /> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Negros</hi> (tipo negro de terciopelo):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Turmalina </cell> +<cell>» 76 </cell> +<cell>» 32*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Carbón de piedra </cell> +<cell>» 97 </cell> +<cell>» 38*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Azules</hi> (tipo azul de Prusia):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Azurita </cell> +<cell>» 58 </cell> +<cell>» 28*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Verdes</hi> (tipo verde de esmeralda):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Malaquita </cell> +<cell>» 56 </cell> +<cell>» 28*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Onix-mármol </cell> +<cell>» 49 </cell> +<cell>» 26*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Crisocola </cell> +<cell>» 79</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Apatita </cell> +<cell>» 69</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Epídota </cell> +<cell>» 77 y 78</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Serpentina </cell> +<cell>» 82</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Amarillos</hi> (tipo amarillo de limón).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Azufre </cell> +<cell>» 1 </cell> +<cell>» 1*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Ocre de hierro </cell> +<cell>» 39 </cell> +<cell>» 15*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Rojos</hi> (tipo rojo-carmesí):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Hematita ocrácea </cell> +<cell>» 22 </cell> +<cell>» 11*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Cuarzo rosado </cell> +<cell>» 29 </cell> +<cell>» 17*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Pardos</hi> (tipo pardo de castaño):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Limonita </cell> +<cell>» 37 </cell> +<cell>» 14*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Triplita </cell> +<cell>» 70</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Raya</hi> (color del polvo del mineral):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>1) Minerales incoloros (al estado puro) ó alocromáticos. Tienen por lo común un polvo blanco ó gris:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Cuarzo rosado </cell> +<cell>» 29 </cell> +<cell>» 17*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato fluor </cell> +<cell>» 4 </cell> +<cell>» 21*</cell> +</row> + +<pb n="013" /><anchor id="Pg013" /> + +<row> +<cell> Turmalina </cell> +<cell>» 76 </cell> +<cell>» 32*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Feldespato </cell> +<cell>» 91 </cell> +<cell>» 35*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2) Minerales con colores propios (idiocromáticos). El color del mineral y de su polvo no difieren ó son por lo menos parecidos:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Galena (polvo gris-oscuro) </cell> +<cell>» 7 </cell> +<cell>» 6*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Hematita (polvo rojo-parduzco) </cell> +<cell>» 20 </cell> +<cell>» 11*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Malaquita (polvo verde) </cell> +<cell>» 56 </cell> +<cell>» 28*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3) Minerales maleables. Se ponen lustrosos por frotamiento:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Oro, plata, cobre.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Colores multiples</hi> (por agregación):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato fluor </cell> +<cell>» 41 </cell> +<cell>» 21*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Colores superficiales</hi> (abigarrados, en mayor parte debido á una descomposición química):</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Pirita de cobre </cell> +<cell>» 13, 14 </cell> +<cell>» 9*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Irisación:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato de Islandia.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Fosforescencia:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Cuarzo, Espato fluor, etc.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Doble refracción:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato de Islandia. etc.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Electricidad:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Azufre</hi>, Cuarzo, Espato calizo, Mica, Turmalina.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<pb n="014" /><anchor id="Pg014" /> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Magnetismo:</hi> Hierro magnético </cell> +<cell>35 </cell> +<cell>» 19*</cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Peso específico:</hi> (Densidad)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 0,6 .. 1 Kerosene, Agua</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 1 .. 1,5 Hulla.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 1,5 .. 2,0 Alumbre.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2,0 .. 2,5 Yeso, Sal común.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2,5 .. 3,0 Cuarzo, Calcita, Feldespato.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3,0 .. 3,5 Espato Fluor, Turmalina.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3,5 .. 4,0 Malaquita, Azurita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 4,0 .. 4,5 Pirita de cobre, Blenda.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 4,5 .. 5,5 Pirita de hierro, Cobre gris.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 5,5 .. 6,5 <hi rend="font-style: italic">Magnetita,</hi> Chalcosina.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 6,5 .. 8 Cerusita, Casiterita, Galena.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 8,5 .. 10,0 Cobre, Bismuto.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 10,0 .. 14,0 Plata, Plomo, Mercurio.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 15,0 .. 21 Oro, platino.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 21,5 .. 23 Iridio.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> +</div> + +<div rend="page-break-before: right"> +<index index="toc" /> +<index index="pdf" /> +<pb n="015" /><anchor id="Pg015" /> +<head>III. CARACTERES FISIOLÓGICOS</head> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell>1) Por frotamiento emite olor á azufre:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Pirita de hierro </cell> +<cell>» 5 </cell> +<cell>» 5*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) Cuando se le echa el aliento emite olor terroso:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Kaolina y tierras </cell> +<cell>» 94 </cell> +<cell>» 37*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) Se pega á la lengua:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Kaolina y tierras </cell> +<cell>» 94 </cell> +<cell>» 37*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) Untuoso al tacto;</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Talco </cell> +<cell>» 81</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>5) Sabor salino:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Sal común </cell> +<cell>» 40 </cell> +<cell>» 20*</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>6) Sabor salino amargo:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Sulfato de magnesio </cell> +<cell>» 66</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>7) Sabor metálico:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Vitriolo de cobre.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> +</div> + +<div rend="page-break-before: right"> +<index index="toc" /> +<index index="pdf" /> +<head>IV. CARACTERES QUÍMICOS<note place="foot"><p>Los institutos de enseñanza en los que se quiera hacer ensayos químicos +con minerales pueden dirigirse á la División de Minas, Geología é Hidrología para +obtener las muestras necesarias.</p></note></head> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Fusibilidad</hi> 1) Minerales facilmente fusibles (fusibles con la llama de una vela:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Antimonita, Sal común.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2) Dificilmente fusibles á un globulito:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Granate (Almandina).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="016" /><anchor id="Pg016" /> + +<row> +<cell> 3) Facilmente fusibles en astillas finas:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Feldespato.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 4) Dificilmente fusibles en astillas: Bronzita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 5) Infusibles á la llama del soplete: Cuarzo.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Según Kobell, hay siete grades de fusibilidad.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>1) Antimonita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>2) Natrolita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>3) Almandina.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>4) Actinolita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>5) Ortoclasa.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>6) Bronzita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>7) Cuarzo.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Sublimación:</hi> (total ó parcial).</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Azufre, Pirita de hierro,</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Solubilidad:</hi> <hi rend="font-style: italic">A)</hi> En agua: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Sal común.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">B)</hi> En ácido clorhídrico:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 1) Con desprendimiento de ácido carbónico: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Caliza.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2) Con desprendimiento de cloro: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Pirolusita.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3) Con desprendimiento de ácido sulfhidrico: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Blenda.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">C)</hi> En ácido nitrico, con desprendimiento de bióxido de nitrógeno (vapores rutilantes): <hi rend="font-style: italic">Hierro magnético.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="017" /><anchor id="Pg017" /> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">D</hi>) Parcialmente solubles en los ácidos:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 1) Sulfuros, solubles en ácido nitrico concentrado, con separacion de azufre: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Blenda, Pirita de hierro</hi>.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2) Silicatos solubles en ácido clorhídrico con separación de ácido sílicico.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">a</hi>) Bajo la forma de polvo arenoso: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Serpentina</hi>.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">b</hi>) Bajo la forma de masa gelatinosa: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Wolastonita</hi>.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3) Wolframatos solubles (en polvo muy fino) en ácido clorhídrico concentrado, separándose ácido wolfrámico: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Wolframita</hi>.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">E</hi>) Insolubles en los ácidos <hi rend="font-style: italic">Cuarzo, Espato fluor</hi>, <hi rend="font-style: italic">Feldespato</hi>.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Disgregacíon de minerales insolubles en los ácidos</hi> por fusión con carbonatos alcalinos: <hi rend="font-style: italic">Cuarzo, Feldespato.</hi></cell> +</row> +</table> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l l' "> +<row> +<cell><hi rend="font-variant: small-caps">Investigación de los componentes más importantes.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Agua</hi>. Agua higroscópica: Sal común.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Agua de cristalización: Yeso.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="018" /><anchor id="Pg018" /> + +<row> +<cell>Agua de cristalización y de constitución: Serpentina.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Acido sulfhídrico ó azufre:</hi> + Galena, Blenda.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Acido clorhídrico:</hi> Sal común.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Ácido fluorhídrico:</hi> Espato fluor.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Acido sulfúrico:</hi> Yeso.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Acido fosórico:</hi> Apatita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Acido carbónico:</hi> Espato de cal, Cerusita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Acido sílicico: Serpentina, Feldespato, Wolastonita.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Cobre:</hi> Pirita de cobre. Crisocola.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Zinc:</hi> Blenda.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Plomo:</hi> Galena. Cerusita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Hierro:</hi> Pirita de hierro. Hierro magnético.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Antimonio:</hi> Antimonita. Enargita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Arsénico:</hi> Hierro arsenical.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Manganeso:</hi> Pirolusita. Wolframita.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Aluminio:</hi> Alumbre. Ortoclasa.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Calcio:</hi> Espato de cal. Yeso.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Magnesio:</hi> Sulfato de magnesio.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Sodio:</hi> Sal común.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> <hi rend="font-style: italic">Potasio:</hi> Feldespato.</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> +</div> + +<pb n="019" /><anchor id="Pg019" /> + +<div rend="page-break-before: right"> +<index index="toc" /> +<index index="pdf" /> +<head>COLECCIÓN DE MUESTRAS DE ENSAYO</head> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm}' "> +<row> +<cell>N.º 1 Blenda.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 2 Galena.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 3 Pirita de hierro.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 4 Limonita ó Hematita.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 5 Cuarzo.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 6 Pirolusita.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 7 Espato fluor.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 8 Sal común.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 9 Espato calizo.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 10 Cerusita.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 11 Yeso.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 12 Sulfato de magnesia.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 13 Apatita.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 14 Wolframita.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 15 Serpentina.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 16 Wolastonita.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 17 Crisocola.</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell>» 18 Feldespato.</cell> +</row> +</table> +</div> + +<div> +<index index="toc" /> +<index index="pdf" /> +<head>ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE LA FORMACIÓN DE MINERALES</head> + +<table rend="latexcolumns: 'p{5cm} l p{2cm} ' "> +<row> +<cell> A) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales formados en disoluciones acuosas por evaporación del agua:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Sal común </cell> +<cell>Nº 40</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Yeso </cell> +<cell>» 59</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Calcedonia </cell> +<cell>» 31</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Cuarzo cristalizado </cell> +<cell>» 27</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="020" /><anchor id="Pg020" /> + +<row> +<cell> B) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales formados en disoluciones acuosas cargadas de ácido carbónico, por evaporación de este último.</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Espato calizo </cell> +<cell> Nº 44, etc.</cell> +<cell> (dentro de grietas que cruzan el mármol.</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Estalactitas </cell> +<cell>» 47 </cell> +<cell>(dentro de cavernas en caliza).</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Travertina </cell> +<cell>» 48 </cell> +<cell>(en agua bajo la acción de plantas).</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Onyx-Mármol </cell> +<cell>» 49 </cell> +<cell>(en aguas calientes)</cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> C) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales formados por procesos químicos; par la acción del oxígeno, del ácido carbónico y del agua:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 1) Limonita, por descomposición de Pirita de hierro </cell> +<cell>Nº 38</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3) Cerusita, por descomposición de Galena </cell> +<cell>» 53</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 4) Malaquita por descomposición de Cobre </cell> +<cell>» 4</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 5) Analcima, por descomposición de Basalto </cell> +<cell>» 92</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 6) Caolina, por descomposición de Feldespato </cell> +<cell>» 94</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> D) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales formados en una masa fusión (rocas eruptivas)</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Feldespato en granito </cell> +<cell>» 91</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell>Cuarzo </cell> +<cell>» 28</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<pb n="021" /><anchor id="Pg021" /> + +<row> +<cell> Mica en granito </cell> +<cell>» 74</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> Anfibol </cell> +<cell>» 86</cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> E) <hi rend="font-style: italic">Minerales en filones metálicos, como: Galena, Pirita de hierro, Blenda, etc., formados:</hi></cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 1) por procedimientos de disoluciones acuosas, ej.: sulfato de hierro, ha sido reducido á sulfuro de hierro, ó</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 2) por acción del gas sulfhídrico (ó sulfuros alcalinos) sobre disoluciones; ej.: carbonato de plomo, transformado en galena:</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 3) por sublimación de gases (casos raros)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> + +<row> +<cell> 4) por reducción de sus disoluciones ó de minerales compuestos: oro nativo por reducción de cloruro de oro; cobre nativo en parte por reducción de óxido de cobre (cobre rojo) ó de malaquita (carbonato de cobre)</cell> +<cell></cell> +<cell></cell> +</row> +</table> +</div> +</body> + + +<back rend="page-break-before: right"> +<div> +<divGen type="pgfooter" /> +</div> + +</back> + + </text> +</TEI.2> + +<!-- +A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG + + +This file should be named 20159-tei.tei or 20159-tei.zip. + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + + + http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/0/1/5/20159/ + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one — the old editions will be +renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one +owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and +you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission +and without paying copyright royalties. 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