summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/20159-0.txt
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to '20159-0.txt')
-rw-r--r--20159-0.txt1393
1 files changed, 1393 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/20159-0.txt b/20159-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5539ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/20159-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1393 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones
+Mineralógicas by E. Hermitté and G. Bodenbender
+
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no
+restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under
+the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or
+online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license
+
+
+
+Title: Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralógicas
+
+Author: E. Hermitté and G. Bodenbender
+
+Release Date: December 22, 2006 [Ebook #20159]
+
+Language: Spanish
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATÁLOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALÓGICAS***
+
+
+
+
+
+ REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA
+
+ MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA
+ DIVISIÓN DE MINAS, GEOLOGÍA É HIDROLOGÍA
+
+
+
+ Catálogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralógicas
+
+ ESCOLARES
+
+ E. HERMITTÉ - Jefe de la División
+
+ G. Bodenbender - Jefe de la Sección Geología
+
+
+
+ BUENOS AIRES
+ Talleres de publicationes de la Oficina Meteorológica
+ 1905
+
+
+
+
+
+
+I. CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS
+
+
+CRISTALES--(sueltos ó en agregados).
+
+Cubo de Pirita de No 5a No 5a*
+hierro
+Deltoedro del » 92
+Analcima
+Dodecaedro » 72 » 34* y 34a*
+rómbico, Deltoedro
+ó combinación de
+los dos (Granate)
+Pirámide hexagonal » 26a
+del Cuarzo
+Pirámide hexagonal » 26 » 16*
+con prisma del
+Cuarzo
+Romboedro del » 43 » 23* y 24*
+Espato calizo
+Escalenoedro del » 44
+Espato calizo
+Cristales rómbicos » 64
+(prisma con
+pinacoide) de la
+Baritina
+Prisma monoclínico » 59
+con hemipirámide
+(incompleta) del
+Yeso
+Prisma monoclínico » 90
+del Feldespato
+
+NOTA.--Los números con estrella se refleren á la colección escolar
+primaria, los otros á la colección escolar secundaria.
+
+TEXTURA DE DE LOS AGREGADOS. (Forma interior)
+
+1) _Agregados
+granulosos._
+(Grano grueso,
+medio grueso y
+fino, con
+transiciones al
+fibroso y
+laminar).
+Hierro magnético » 35 » 19*
+Mármol » 50 » 43*
+Sal común » 40 » 20*
+Yeso, etc » 62 » 30*
+2) _Agregados
+fibrosos_.--(Gruesos,
+medio
+gruesos,finos,
+paralelos,
+radiados,
+reticulados,
+etcétera).
+Yeso » 60 » 29*
+Boronatrocalcita » 42 » 22*
+Asbesto » 84 » 36*
+3) _Agregados
+laminares_--hojosos,
+micáceos.
+Yeso » 61
+Mica » 74 » 33*
+Hematita, etc. » 21
+4) _Agregados
+homogéncos_.
+Onix-Mármol » 19 » 26*
+
+NOTA.--Los agregados compactos están en contraposición á los porosos.
+
+FORMAS EXTERIORES DE LOS AGREGADOS.
+
+1) _Estalactitas_ » 47
+2) _Alambres y
+chapas_:
+Oro, Plata, Cobre » 2, 3, 4 » 2*, 3*, y 4*
+3) _Concreciones_:
+Tosca » 51 » 44*
+Boronatrocalcita » 42 » 22*
+4) _Drusas_.
+(Secreciones):
+Espato de cal » 43
+Analcima » 92
+5) _Costras,
+revestimientos,
+pegaduras_:
+Azurita » 58 » 28*
+Descloizita » 71
+6)
+_Eflorescencias_:
+Alumbre » 65
+Sulfato de » 66
+magnesio
+7) _Embutidas_:
+Granate en » 73
+feldespato, etc.
+Hierro cromífero » 36
+en Serpentina
+8) _Vetas ó » 19
+filones_.
+(Agregados de
+orden superior)
+Galena, blenda,
+etc., con cuarzo ó
+espato de hierro,
+etc.
+FÓSILES.--(Formas
+orgánicas)
+Plantas fósiles » 100 » 50*
+(carbonizadas)
+Madera fósil » 34 » 18*
+silicificada
+Animales fósiles » 99 » 49*
+SEUDOMORFISMO.
+(Epigenias):
+Hierro pardo en » 6
+cubos, por
+descomposición de
+pirita de hierro
+MACLAS. (Gemelos),
+múltiples,
+caracterizados por
+estriamiento sobre
+los planos de
+clivaje.
+Espato de cal » 45
+
+
+
+
+
+II. CARACTERES FÍSICOS
+
+
+CLIVAJE, (ó cruceros):
+
+A) Según la
+posición de los
+planos de clivaje:
+1) _Octaédrico:_
+Hierro magnético » 35
+2) _Cúbico:_
+Galena » 7 » 6*
+3) _Romboédrico:_
+Espato de cal » 45 y 46 » 23* y 24*
+4) _Prismático:_
+Antimonita » 12
+Enargita » 17
+B) Según el grado
+de perfección:
+1) _Sumamente
+perfecto_:
+Mica » 74 » 33*
+2) _Muy perfecto_:
+Galena » 7 y 8 » 6*
+Espato de cal » 45 y 46 » 23* y 24*
+3) _Imperfecto ó
+muy imperfecto._
+Cuarzo » 26 y 27 » 16*
+Granate » 72
+
+FRACTURA.--A) Según la forde la superficie:
+
+1) _Concoidal_:
+(factura del
+vidrio grueso)
+(Obsidiana).
+2) _Desigual_:
+Pirita de hierro » 5
+Cuarzo » 86 » 17*
+3) _Llana_.
+Piedra Córnea.
+B) Según la
+calidad de de la
+superficie:
+_Lisa_:
+Piedra córnea y
+Calcedonia.
+2) _Astillosa_:
+Triplita » 70
+3) _Erizada_:
+Oro, Plata, Cobre » 2, 3, 4 » 2*, 3* y 4*
+4) _Terrosa_:
+Hematita ocrácea » 22 » 11*
+Kaolina » 94 » 37*
+
+DUREZA.--Escala de dureza:
+
+1) Talco » 80
+2) Yeso » 62 » 30*
+3) Espato de cal » 45 » 23*
+4) Espato fluor » 41 » 21*
+5) Apatita » 69
+6) Ortoclasa » 91 » 35*
+7) Cuarzo » 28 » 16*
+8) Topacio.
+9) Corindón.
+10) Diamante.
+
+
+
+1) Minerales muy
+blandos, rayados
+por la uña (grados
+1 hasta 3)
+Oro, Plata, Cobre » 2, 3, 4 » 2*, 3* y 4*
+Galena » 7 » 6*
+Sal común » 40 » 20*
+Yeso » 60 y 63 » 29* y 30*
+Mica » 74 » 33*
+Kaolina » 94 » 37*
+2) Minerales que
+no son rayados por
+la uña, pero si
+por la punta de un
+cuchillo (grados 3
+hasta 5).
+Blenda » 10 » 7*
+Calcita » 43 » 22*
+Espato fluor » 41 » 21*
+3) Minerales que
+no son rayados por
+la punta de un
+cuchillo (grados 6
+en adelante).
+Feldespato. No 91 No 35*
+Cuarzo » 28 » 16* y 17*
+Granate etc. » 72 » 34*
+
+TENACIDAD _1_) _frágiles:_
+
+Pirita de hierro » 5 » 5*
+Cuarzo » 26 etc. » 17*
+Caliza etc. » 43 » » 22* y 23*
+2) _Sectiles:_ » 9
+Chalcosina
+Talco » 81
+3) _Maleables_ » 2, 3, 4 » 2, 3, 4*
+(ductil): Oro,
+Plata, Cobre
+4) _Elásticos:_ » 74 » 33*
+Mica
+5) _Flexibles_
+(Clorita, Talco,
+Asbesto).
+
+LUSTRE a)--_Según
+cantidad. Mui
+lustroso:_
+Mica » 74 » 33*
+Espato de Islandía » 45 » 23*
+_Lustroso:_
+Galena » 7 » 6*
+Granate » 72 » 34*
+_Poco lustroso:_
+Feldespato » 91 » 35*
+Berilo » 88
+_Mate:_
+Caolina » 94 » 37*
+_b) Según calidad:
+Metálico:_
+Oro, Plata, Cobre » 2, 3, y 4 » 2*, 3* y 4*
+Pirita de hierro » 5 » 5*
+etc.
+_Diamantino:_
+(Diamente)--_Vidrioso:_
+Espato de cal » 45 » 23*
+Cuarzo (sobre las caras » 26 » 16*
+de los cristales
+_Grasoso:_ (ó » 26 y 27 » 16 y 17*
+resinoso): Cuarzo sobre
+los planos de de
+fractura)
+Wolframita (sobre los » 67 » 31*
+planos de fractura
+_Perlado:_ (nacarado).
+Mica » 74 » 33*
+Crisotila » 83 » 36*
+_Sedoso:_
+Wolastonita » 85
+Aragonita » 52
+Alumbre » 65
+Boronatrocalcita » 22 » 22*
+
+DIAFANIDAD:
+_Transparente:_
+Espato de Islandia » 45 » 23*
+_Semi-transparente:_
+Cuarzo » 26 » 16*
+_Translúcido:_
+Onyx » 49 » 26*
+_Semi translúcido:_
+Feldespato » 90 » 35*
+_Opacos:_
+Oro, Plata, Pirita
+de hierro, etc.
+
+COLOR: _Minerales
+incoloros_ (en su
+estado puro)
+Cuarzo » 26 » 16*
+Sal común » 40 » 20*
+Espato de Islandia » 45 » 23*
+2) _Minerales con
+colores_ propios
+(idiocromáticos)
+Oro, Plata, Cobre.
+Pirita de hierro » 5 » 5*
+Malaquita » 56 » 28*
+3) _Minerales con
+colores
+accidentales_
+(alocromáticos)
+Cuarzo rosado » 29 » 17*
+Onyx--Mármol » 49 » 26*
+Espato-Fluor » 41 » 21*
+Granate » 72 » 34*
+Feldespato » 91 » 35*
+
+COLORES METÁLICOS:
+_Blancos:_
+Blanco de plata » 3 » 4*
+(Blanco de estaño)
+_Amarillos:_
+De oro » 2 » 2*
+De bronce » 5 » 5*
+De latón » 13 » 9*
+_Gris:_
+De plomo » 7 » 6*
+_Rojo:_
+De cobre » 4 » 3*
+_Negro:_
+De acero hasta
+negro de hierro
+Enargita » 17 » 10*
+Hematita » 20 » 12*
+Pirolusita » 24 » 13*
+
+COLORES NO
+METÁLICOS:
+_Blancos_ (tipo
+blanco de nieve):
+Yeso Nº 60 Nº 29* y 30*
+Caliza » 46 y 47 » 24* y 25*
+Wolastonita » 85
+_Grises_ (tipo
+gris de ceniza):
+Tierra de » 33
+infusorios
+_Negros_ (tipo
+negro de
+terciopelo):
+Turmalina » 76 » 32*
+Carbón de piedra » 97 » 38*
+_Azules_ (tipo
+azul de Prusia):
+Azurita » 58 » 28*
+_Verdes_ (tipo
+verde de
+esmeralda):
+Malaquita » 56 » 28*
+Onix-mármol » 49 » 26*
+Crisocola » 79
+Apatita » 69
+Epídota » 77 y 78
+Serpentina » 82
+_Amarillos_ (tipo
+amarillo de
+limón).
+Azufre » 1 » 1*
+Ocre de hierro » 39 » 15*
+_Rojos_ (tipo
+rojo-carmesí):
+Hematita ocrácea » 22 » 11*
+Cuarzo rosado » 29 » 17*
+_Pardos_ (tipo
+pardo de castaño):
+Limonita » 37 » 14*
+Triplita » 70
+
+RAYA (color del
+polvo del
+mineral):
+1) Minerales
+incoloros (al
+estado puro) ó
+alocromáticos.
+Tienen por lo
+común un
+polvo blanco
+ó gris:
+Cuarzo rosado » 29 » 17*
+Espato fluor » 4 » 21*
+Turmalina » 76 » 32*
+Feldespato » 91 » 35*
+2) Minerales con
+colores
+propios
+(idiocromáticos).
+El color del
+mineral y de
+su polvo no
+difieren ó
+son por lo menos
+parecidos:
+Galena (polvo » 7 » 6*
+gris-oscuro)
+Hematita (polvo » 20 » 11*
+rojo-parduzco)
+Malaquita (polvo » 56 » 28*
+verde)
+3) Minerales
+maleables. Se
+ponen lustrosos
+por frotamiento:
+Oro, plata, cobre.
+
+COLORES MULTIPLES
+(por agregación):
+Espato fluor » 41 » 21*
+
+COLORES
+SUPERFICIALES
+(abigarrados,
+en mayor parte
+debido á una
+descomposición
+química):
+Pirita de cobre » 13, 14 » 9*
+
+IRISACIÓN:
+Espato de
+Islandia.
+
+FOSFORESCENCIA:
+Cuarzo, Espato
+fluor, etc.
+
+DOBLE REFRACCIÓN:
+Espato de
+Islandia. etc.
+
+ELECTRICIDAD:
+_Azufre_, Cuarzo,
+Espato calizo,
+Mica, Turmalina.
+
+MAGNETISMO: Hierro 35 » 19*
+magnético
+
+PESO ESPECÍFICO:
+(Densidad)
+0,6 .. 1
+Kerosene, Agua
+1 .. 1,5
+Hulla.
+1,5 .. 2,0
+Alumbre.
+2,0 .. 2,5 Yeso,
+Sal común.
+2,5 .. 3,0
+Cuarzo, Calcita,
+Feldespato.
+3,0 .. 3,5
+Espato Fluor,
+Turmalina.
+3,5 .. 4,0
+Malaquita,
+Azurita.
+4,0 .. 4,5
+Pirita de cobre,
+Blenda.
+4,5 .. 5,5
+Pirita de hierro,
+Cobre gris.
+5,5 .. 6,5
+_Magnetita,_
+Chalcosina.
+6,5 .. 8
+Cerusita,
+Casiterita,
+Galena.
+8,5 .. 10,0
+Cobre, Bismuto.
+10,0 .. 14,0
+Plata, Plomo,
+Mercurio.
+15,0 .. 21 Oro,
+platino.
+21,5 .. 23
+Iridio.
+
+
+
+
+
+III. CARACTERES FISIOLÓGICOS
+
+
+1) Por frotamiento
+emite olor á
+azufre:
+Pirita de hierro » 5 » 5*
+2) Cuando se le
+echa el aliento
+emite olor
+terroso:
+Kaolina y tierras » 94 » 37*
+3) Se pega á la
+lengua:
+Kaolina y tierras » 94 » 37*
+4) Untuoso al
+tacto;
+Talco » 81
+5) Sabor salino:
+Sal común » 40 » 20*
+6) Sabor salino
+amargo:
+Sulfato de » 66
+magnesio
+7) Sabor metálico:
+Vitriolo de cobre.
+
+
+
+
+
+IV. CARACTERES QUÍMICOS(1)
+
+
+FUSIBILIDAD 1)
+Minerales
+facilmente
+fusibles (fusibles
+con la llama de
+una vela:
+Antimonita, Sal
+común.
+2) Dificilmente
+fusibles á un
+globulito:
+Granate
+(Almandina).
+3) Facilmente
+fusibles en
+astillas finas:
+Feldespato.
+4) Dificilmente
+fusibles en
+astillas:
+Bronzita.
+5) Infusibles á la
+llama del
+soplete:
+Cuarzo.
+Según Kobell, hay
+siete grades
+de fusibilidad.
+1) Antimonita.
+2) Natrolita.
+3) Almandina.
+4) Actinolita.
+5) Ortoclasa.
+6) Bronzita.
+7) Cuarzo.
+
+SUBLIMACIÓN:
+(total ó parcial).
+Azufre, Pirita de
+hierro,
+
+SOLUBILIDAD: _A)_
+En agua: _Sal
+común._
+_B)_ En ácido
+clorhídrico:
+1) Con
+desprendimiento de
+ácido carbónico:
+_Caliza._
+2) Con
+desprendimiento de
+cloro:
+_Pirolusita._
+3) Con
+desprendimiento de
+ácido sulfhidrico:
+_Blenda._
+_C)_ En ácido
+nitrico, con
+desprendimiento de
+bióxido de
+nitrógeno (vapores
+rutilantes):
+_Hierro
+magnético._
+_D_) Parcialmente
+solubles en
+los ácidos:
+1) Sulfuros,
+solubles en
+ácido nitrico
+concentrado,
+con separacion de
+azufre: _Blenda,
+Pirita de
+hierro_.
+2) Silicatos
+solubles en ácido
+clorhídrico con
+separación de
+ácido sílicico.
+_a_) Bajo la forma
+de polvo
+arenoso:
+_Serpentina_.
+_b_) Bajo la forma
+de masa
+gelatinosa:
+_Wolastonita_.
+3) Wolframatos
+solubles (en
+polvo muy fino) en
+ácido clorhídrico
+concentrado,
+separándose ácido
+wolfrámico:
+_Wolframita_.
+_E_) Insolubles
+en los ácidos
+_Cuarzo, Espato
+fluor_,
+_Feldespato_.
+
+DISGREGACÍON DE MINERALES
+INSOLUBLES EN LOS ÁCIDOS por
+fusión con carbonatos alcalinos:
+_Cuarzo, Feldespato._
+
+INVESTIGACIÓN DE
+LOS COMPONENTES
+MÁS IMPORTANTES.
+_Agua_. Agua
+higroscópica:
+Sal común.
+Agua de
+cristalización:
+Yeso.
+Agua de
+cristalización y
+de constitución:
+Serpentina.
+_Acido sulfhídrico
+ó azufre:_ Galena,
+Blenda.
+_Acido
+clorhídrico:_ Sal
+común.
+_Ácido
+fluorhídrico:_
+Espato fluor.
+_Acido sulfúrico:_
+Yeso.
+_Acido fosórico:_
+Apatita.
+_Acido carbónico:_
+Espato de cal,
+Cerusita.
+_Acido sílicico:
+Serpentina,
+Feldespato,
+Wolastonita._
+_Cobre:_ Pirita de
+cobre.
+Crisocola.
+_Zinc:_ Blenda.
+_Plomo:_ Galena.
+Cerusita.
+_Hierro:_ Pirita
+de hierro.
+Hierro magnético.
+_Antimonio:_
+Antimonita.
+Enargita.
+_Arsénico:_ Hierro
+arsenical.
+_Manganeso:_
+Pirolusita.
+Wolframita.
+_Aluminio:_
+Alumbre.
+Ortoclasa.
+_Calcio:_ Espato
+de cal.
+Yeso.
+_Magnesio:_
+Sulfato de
+magnesio.
+_Sodio:_ Sal
+común.
+_Potasio:_
+Feldespato.
+
+
+
+
+
+COLECCIÓN DE MUESTRAS DE ENSAYO
+
+
+N.º 1 Blenda.
+» 2 Galena.
+» 3 Pirita de hierro.
+» 4 Limonita ó Hematita.
+» 5 Cuarzo.
+» 6 Pirolusita.
+» 7 Espato fluor.
+» 8 Sal común.
+» 9 Espato calizo.
+» 10 Cerusita.
+» 11 Yeso.
+» 12 Sulfato de magnesia.
+» 13 Apatita.
+» 14 Wolframita.
+» 15 Serpentina.
+» 16 Wolastonita.
+» 17 Crisocola.
+» 18 Feldespato.
+
+
+
+
+
+ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE LA FORMACIÓN DE MINERALES
+
+
+A) _Minerales
+formados en
+disoluciones
+acuosas por
+evaporación del
+agua:_
+Sal común Nº 40
+Yeso » 59
+Calcedonia » 31
+Cuarzo » 27
+cristalizado
+B) _Minerales
+formados en
+disoluciones
+acuosas cargadas
+de ácido
+carbónico, por
+evaporación de
+este último._
+Espato calizo Nº 44, etc. (dentro de grietas
+ que cruzan el
+ mármol.
+Estalactitas » 47 (dentro de
+ cavernas
+ en caliza).
+Travertina » 48 (en agua bajo la
+ acción
+ de plantas).
+Onyx-Mármol » 49 (en aguas
+ calientes)
+C) _Minerales
+formados por
+procesos químicos;
+par la acción
+del oxígeno,
+del ácido
+carbónico y del
+agua:_
+1) Limonita, por Nº 38
+descomposición
+de Pirita de
+hierro
+3) Cerusita, por » 53
+descomposición
+de Galena
+4) Malaquita por » 4
+descomposición
+de Cobre
+5) Analcima, por » 92
+descomposición
+de Basalto
+6) Caolina, por » 94
+descomposición
+de Feldespato
+D) _Minerales
+formados en
+una masa fusión
+(rocas
+eruptivas)_
+Feldespato en » 91
+granito
+Cuarzo » 28
+Mica en granito » 74
+Anfibol » 86
+E) _Minerales en
+filones metálicos,
+como: Galena,
+Pirita de hierro,
+Blenda, etc.,
+formados:_
+1) por
+procedimientos de
+disoluciones
+acuosas, ej.:
+sulfato de hierro,
+ha sido
+reducido á sulfuro
+de hierro, ó
+2) por acción del
+gas sulfhídrico
+(ó sulfuros
+alcalinos)
+sobre
+disoluciones;
+ej.: carbonato de
+plomo,
+transformado en
+galena:
+3) por sublimación
+de gases (casos
+raros)
+4) por reducción
+de sus
+disoluciones ó de
+minerales
+compuestos: oro
+nativo por
+reducción de
+cloruro de oro;
+cobre nativo en
+parte por
+reducción de
+óxido de cobre
+(cobre rojo) ó
+de malaquita
+(carbonato de
+cobre)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATÁLOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALÓGICAS***
+
+
+
+CREDITS
+
+
+December 22, 2006
+
+ Project Gutenberg Edition
+ Adrian Mastronardi
+ Joshua Hutchinson
+ Online Distributed Proofreading Team This file was produced
+ from images generously made available by the Bibliothèque
+ nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr
+
+
+
+A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG
+
+
+This file should be named 20159-0.txt or 20159-0.zip.
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+
+
+ http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/0/1/5/20159/
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one — the old editions will be
+renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one
+owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and
+you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission
+and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the
+General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
+distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the Project
+Gutenberg™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered
+trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you
+receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of
+this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
+for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
+performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away
+— you may do practically _anything_ with public domain eBooks.
+Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+
+
+_Please read this before you distribute or use this work._
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
+any other work associated in any way with the phrase Project Gutenberg),
+you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™
+License (available with this file or online at
+http://www.gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.
+
+
+General Terms of Use & Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
+
+
+1.A.
+
+
+By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work,
+you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the
+terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright)
+agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this
+agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of
+Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee
+for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work
+and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may
+obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set
+forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+
+1.B.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or
+associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be
+bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can
+do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying
+with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are
+a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you
+follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to
+Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+
+1.C.
+
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (the Foundation or
+PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual
+work is in the public domain in the United States and you are located in
+the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
+distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on
+the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
+course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of
+promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project
+Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for
+keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can
+easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
+same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you
+share it without charge with others.
+
+
+1.D.
+
+
+The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you
+can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant
+state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of
+your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before
+downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating
+derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work.
+The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of
+any work in any country outside the United States.
+
+
+1.E.
+
+
+Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+
+1.E.1.
+
+
+The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access
+to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever
+any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase
+Project Gutenberg appears, or with which the phrase Project Gutenberg is
+associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or
+distributed:
+
+
+ This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+ almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
+ or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
+ included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+1.E.2.
+
+
+If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from the
+public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with
+permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and
+distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or
+charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
+phrase Project Gutenberg associated with or appearing on the work, you
+must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7
+or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
+trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+
+1.E.3.
+
+
+If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply
+with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed
+by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project
+Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the
+copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+
+1.E.4.
+
+
+Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License
+terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any
+other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.
+
+
+1.E.5.
+
+
+Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic
+work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying
+the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate
+access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.
+
+
+1.E.6.
+
+
+You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed,
+marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word
+processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than
+Plain Vanilla ASCII or other format used in the official version posted on
+the official Project Gutenberg™ web site (http://www.gutenberg.org), you
+must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a
+means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of
+the work in its original Plain Vanilla ASCII or other form. Any alternate
+format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in
+paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+
+1.E.7.
+
+
+Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing,
+copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply
+with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+
+1.E.8.
+
+
+You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or
+distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that
+
+ - You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+ the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you
+ already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to
+ the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to
+ donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg
+ Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60
+ days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally
+ required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments
+ should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg
+ Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4,
+ Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+ Archive Foundation.
+
+ You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+ you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+ does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License.
+ You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the
+ works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and
+ all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
+
+ You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
+ any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+ electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
+ receipt of the work.
+
+ You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+ distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
+
+
+1.E.9.
+
+
+If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
+work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this
+agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael Hart, the owner of the
+Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in
+Section 3 below.
+
+
+1.F.
+
+
+1.F.1.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to
+identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread public domain
+works in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these
+efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they
+may be stored, may contain Defects, such as, but not limited to,
+incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright
+or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk
+or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot
+be read by your equipment.
+
+
+1.F.2.
+
+
+LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES — Except for the Right of
+Replacement or Refund described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™
+trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™
+electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
+damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE
+NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH
+OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
+FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT
+WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
+PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY
+OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+1.F.3.
+
+
+LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND — If you discover a defect in this
+electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund
+of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to
+the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a
+physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation.
+The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect
+to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the
+work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose
+to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
+lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a
+refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+
+1.F.4.
+
+
+Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
+paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ’AS-IS,’ WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+
+1.F.5.
+
+
+Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the
+exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or
+limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state
+applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make
+the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state
+law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement
+shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+
+1.F.6.
+
+
+INDEMNITY — You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark
+owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of
+Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and
+any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
+of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs
+and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from
+any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of
+this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
+additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
+you cause.
+
+
+Section 2.
+
+
+ Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™
+
+
+Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic
+works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including
+obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the
+efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks
+of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance
+they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring
+that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for
+generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for
+Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations
+can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation web page at
+http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.
+
+
+ Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of
+Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service.
+The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541.
+Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf. Contributions to the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full
+extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.
+
+The Foundation’s principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr.
+S. Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North
+1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact information
+can be found at the Foundation’s web site and official page at
+http://www.pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+
+
+ Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+ Chief Executive and Director
+ gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.
+
+
+ Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+ Foundation
+
+
+Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread
+public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the
+number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed
+in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment
+including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are
+particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States.
+Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable
+effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these
+requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not
+received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or
+determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit
+http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have
+not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against
+accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us
+with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any
+statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the
+United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods
+and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including
+checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please
+visit: http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.
+
+
+ General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works.
+
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg™
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with
+anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™
+eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions,
+all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright
+notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance
+with any particular paper edition.
+
+Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook’s eBook
+number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, compressed
+(zipped), HTML and others.
+
+Corrected _editions_ of our eBooks replace the old file and take over the
+old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed.
+_Versions_ based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving
+new filenames and etext numbers.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+
+ http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how
+to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation,
+how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email
+newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+***FINIS***
+ \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2025-12-21 00:39:25 +0000