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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones
+Mineralogicas by E. Hermitte and G. Bodenbender
+
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no
+restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under
+the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or
+online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license
+
+
+
+Title: Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralogicas
+
+Author: E. Hermitte and G. Bodenbender
+
+Release Date: December 22, 2006 [Ebook #20159]
+
+Language: Spanish
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALOGICAS***
+
+
+
+
+
+ REPUBLICA ARGENTINA
+
+ MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA
+ DIVISION DE MINAS, GEOLOGIA E HIDROLOGIA
+
+
+
+ Catalogo Instructivo de las Colecciones Mineralogicas
+
+ ESCOLARES
+
+ E. HERMITTE - Jefe de la Division
+
+ G. Bodenbender - Jefe de la Seccion Geologia
+
+
+
+ BUENOS AIRES
+ Talleres de publicationes de la Oficina Meteorologica
+ 1905
+
+
+
+
+
+
+I. CARACTERES MORFOLOGICOS
+
+
+CRISTALES--(sueltos o en agregados).
+
+Cubo de Pirita de No 5a No 5a*
+hierro
+Deltoedro del " 92
+Analcima
+Dodecaedro " 72 " 34* y 34a*
+rombico, Deltoedro
+o combinacion de
+los dos (Granate)
+Piramide hexagonal " 26a
+del Cuarzo
+Piramide hexagonal " 26 " 16*
+con prisma del
+Cuarzo
+Romboedro del " 43 " 23* y 24*
+Espato calizo
+Escalenoedro del " 44
+Espato calizo
+Cristales rombicos " 64
+(prisma con
+pinacoide) de la
+Baritina
+Prisma monoclinico " 59
+con hemipiramide
+(incompleta) del
+Yeso
+Prisma monoclinico " 90
+del Feldespato
+
+NOTA.--Los numeros con estrella se refleren a la coleccion escolar
+primaria, los otros a la coleccion escolar secundaria.
+
+TEXTURA DE DE LOS AGREGADOS. (Forma interior)
+
+1) _Agregados
+granulosos._
+(Grano grueso,
+medio grueso y
+fino, con
+transiciones al
+fibroso y
+laminar).
+Hierro magnetico " 35 " 19*
+Marmol " 50 " 43*
+Sal comun " 40 " 20*
+Yeso, etc " 62 " 30*
+2) _Agregados
+fibrosos_.--(Gruesos,
+medio
+gruesos,finos,
+paralelos,
+radiados,
+reticulados,
+etcetera).
+Yeso " 60 " 29*
+Boronatrocalcita " 42 " 22*
+Asbesto " 84 " 36*
+3) _Agregados
+laminares_--hojosos,
+micaceos.
+Yeso " 61
+Mica " 74 " 33*
+Hematita, etc. " 21
+4) _Agregados
+homogencos_.
+Onix-Marmol " 19 " 26*
+
+NOTA.--Los agregados compactos estan en contraposicion a los porosos.
+
+FORMAS EXTERIORES DE LOS AGREGADOS.
+
+1) _Estalactitas_ " 47
+2) _Alambres y
+chapas_:
+Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, 4 " 2*, 3*, y 4*
+3) _Concreciones_:
+Tosca " 51 " 44*
+Boronatrocalcita " 42 " 22*
+4) _Drusas_.
+(Secreciones):
+Espato de cal " 43
+Analcima " 92
+5) _Costras,
+revestimientos,
+pegaduras_:
+Azurita " 58 " 28*
+Descloizita " 71
+6)
+_Eflorescencias_:
+Alumbre " 65
+Sulfato de " 66
+magnesio
+7) _Embutidas_:
+Granate en " 73
+feldespato, etc.
+Hierro cromifero " 36
+en Serpentina
+8) _Vetas o " 19
+filones_.
+(Agregados de
+orden superior)
+Galena, blenda,
+etc., con cuarzo o
+espato de hierro,
+etc.
+FOSILES.--(Formas
+organicas)
+Plantas fosiles " 100 " 50*
+(carbonizadas)
+Madera fosil " 34 " 18*
+silicificada
+Animales fosiles " 99 " 49*
+SEUDOMORFISMO.
+(Epigenias):
+Hierro pardo en " 6
+cubos, por
+descomposicion de
+pirita de hierro
+MACLAS. (Gemelos),
+multiples,
+caracterizados por
+estriamiento sobre
+los planos de
+clivaje.
+Espato de cal " 45
+
+
+
+
+
+II. CARACTERES FISICOS
+
+
+CLIVAJE, (o cruceros):
+
+A) Segun la
+posicion de los
+planos de clivaje:
+1) _Octaedrico:_
+Hierro magnetico " 35
+2) _Cubico:_
+Galena " 7 " 6*
+3) _Romboedrico:_
+Espato de cal " 45 y 46 " 23* y 24*
+4) _Prismatico:_
+Antimonita " 12
+Enargita " 17
+B) Segun el grado
+de perfeccion:
+1) _Sumamente
+perfecto_:
+Mica " 74 " 33*
+2) _Muy perfecto_:
+Galena " 7 y 8 " 6*
+Espato de cal " 45 y 46 " 23* y 24*
+3) _Imperfecto o
+muy imperfecto._
+Cuarzo " 26 y 27 " 16*
+Granate " 72
+
+FRACTURA.--A) Segun la forde la superficie:
+
+1) _Concoidal_:
+(factura del
+vidrio grueso)
+(Obsidiana).
+2) _Desigual_:
+Pirita de hierro " 5
+Cuarzo " 86 " 17*
+3) _Llana_.
+Piedra Cornea.
+B) Segun la
+calidad de de la
+superficie:
+_Lisa_:
+Piedra cornea y
+Calcedonia.
+2) _Astillosa_:
+Triplita " 70
+3) _Erizada_:
+Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, 4 " 2*, 3* y 4*
+4) _Terrosa_:
+Hematita ocracea " 22 " 11*
+Kaolina " 94 " 37*
+
+DUREZA.--Escala de dureza:
+
+1) Talco " 80
+2) Yeso " 62 " 30*
+3) Espato de cal " 45 " 23*
+4) Espato fluor " 41 " 21*
+5) Apatita " 69
+6) Ortoclasa " 91 " 35*
+7) Cuarzo " 28 " 16*
+8) Topacio.
+9) Corindon.
+10) Diamante.
+
+
+
+1) Minerales muy
+blandos, rayados
+por la una (grados
+1 hasta 3)
+Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, 4 " 2*, 3* y 4*
+Galena " 7 " 6*
+Sal comun " 40 " 20*
+Yeso " 60 y 63 " 29* y 30*
+Mica " 74 " 33*
+Kaolina " 94 " 37*
+2) Minerales que
+no son rayados por
+la una, pero si
+por la punta de un
+cuchillo (grados 3
+hasta 5).
+Blenda " 10 " 7*
+Calcita " 43 " 22*
+Espato fluor " 41 " 21*
+3) Minerales que
+no son rayados por
+la punta de un
+cuchillo (grados 6
+en adelante).
+Feldespato. No 91 No 35*
+Cuarzo " 28 " 16* y 17*
+Granate etc. " 72 " 34*
+
+TENACIDAD _1_) _fragiles:_
+
+Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5*
+Cuarzo " 26 etc. " 17*
+Caliza etc. " 43 " " 22* y 23*
+2) _Sectiles:_ " 9
+Chalcosina
+Talco " 81
+3) _Maleables_ " 2, 3, 4 " 2, 3, 4*
+(ductil): Oro,
+Plata, Cobre
+4) _Elasticos:_ " 74 " 33*
+Mica
+5) _Flexibles_
+(Clorita, Talco,
+Asbesto).
+
+LUSTRE a)--_Segun
+cantidad. Mui
+lustroso:_
+Mica " 74 " 33*
+Espato de Islandia " 45 " 23*
+_Lustroso:_
+Galena " 7 " 6*
+Granate " 72 " 34*
+_Poco lustroso:_
+Feldespato " 91 " 35*
+Berilo " 88
+_Mate:_
+Caolina " 94 " 37*
+_b) Segun calidad:
+Metalico:_
+Oro, Plata, Cobre " 2, 3, y 4 " 2*, 3* y 4*
+Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5*
+etc.
+_Diamantino:_
+(Diamente)--_Vidrioso:_
+Espato de cal " 45 " 23*
+Cuarzo (sobre las caras " 26 " 16*
+de los cristales
+_Grasoso:_ (o " 26 y 27 " 16 y 17*
+resinoso): Cuarzo sobre
+los planos de de
+fractura)
+Wolframita (sobre los " 67 " 31*
+planos de fractura
+_Perlado:_ (nacarado).
+Mica " 74 " 33*
+Crisotila " 83 " 36*
+_Sedoso:_
+Wolastonita " 85
+Aragonita " 52
+Alumbre " 65
+Boronatrocalcita " 22 " 22*
+
+DIAFANIDAD:
+_Transparente:_
+Espato de Islandia " 45 " 23*
+_Semi-transparente:_
+Cuarzo " 26 " 16*
+_Translucido:_
+Onyx " 49 " 26*
+_Semi translucido:_
+Feldespato " 90 " 35*
+_Opacos:_
+Oro, Plata, Pirita
+de hierro, etc.
+
+COLOR: _Minerales
+incoloros_ (en su
+estado puro)
+Cuarzo " 26 " 16*
+Sal comun " 40 " 20*
+Espato de Islandia " 45 " 23*
+2) _Minerales con
+colores_ propios
+(idiocromaticos)
+Oro, Plata, Cobre.
+Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5*
+Malaquita " 56 " 28*
+3) _Minerales con
+colores
+accidentales_
+(alocromaticos)
+Cuarzo rosado " 29 " 17*
+Onyx--Marmol " 49 " 26*
+Espato-Fluor " 41 " 21*
+Granate " 72 " 34*
+Feldespato " 91 " 35*
+
+COLORES METALICOS:
+_Blancos:_
+Blanco de plata " 3 " 4*
+(Blanco de estano)
+_Amarillos:_
+De oro " 2 " 2*
+De bronce " 5 " 5*
+De laton " 13 " 9*
+_Gris:_
+De plomo " 7 " 6*
+_Rojo:_
+De cobre " 4 " 3*
+_Negro:_
+De acero hasta
+negro de hierro
+Enargita " 17 " 10*
+Hematita " 20 " 12*
+Pirolusita " 24 " 13*
+
+COLORES NO
+METALICOS:
+_Blancos_ (tipo
+blanco de nieve):
+Yeso Nº 60 Nº 29* y 30*
+Caliza " 46 y 47 " 24* y 25*
+Wolastonita " 85
+_Grises_ (tipo
+gris de ceniza):
+Tierra de " 33
+infusorios
+_Negros_ (tipo
+negro de
+terciopelo):
+Turmalina " 76 " 32*
+Carbon de piedra " 97 " 38*
+_Azules_ (tipo
+azul de Prusia):
+Azurita " 58 " 28*
+_Verdes_ (tipo
+verde de
+esmeralda):
+Malaquita " 56 " 28*
+Onix-marmol " 49 " 26*
+Crisocola " 79
+Apatita " 69
+Epidota " 77 y 78
+Serpentina " 82
+_Amarillos_ (tipo
+amarillo de
+limon).
+Azufre " 1 " 1*
+Ocre de hierro " 39 " 15*
+_Rojos_ (tipo
+rojo-carmesi):
+Hematita ocracea " 22 " 11*
+Cuarzo rosado " 29 " 17*
+_Pardos_ (tipo
+pardo de castano):
+Limonita " 37 " 14*
+Triplita " 70
+
+RAYA (color del
+polvo del
+mineral):
+1) Minerales
+incoloros (al
+estado puro) o
+alocromaticos.
+Tienen por lo
+comun un
+polvo blanco
+o gris:
+Cuarzo rosado " 29 " 17*
+Espato fluor " 4 " 21*
+Turmalina " 76 " 32*
+Feldespato " 91 " 35*
+2) Minerales con
+colores
+propios
+(idiocromaticos).
+El color del
+mineral y de
+su polvo no
+difieren o
+son por lo menos
+parecidos:
+Galena (polvo " 7 " 6*
+gris-oscuro)
+Hematita (polvo " 20 " 11*
+rojo-parduzco)
+Malaquita (polvo " 56 " 28*
+verde)
+3) Minerales
+maleables. Se
+ponen lustrosos
+por frotamiento:
+Oro, plata, cobre.
+
+COLORES MULTIPLES
+(por agregacion):
+Espato fluor " 41 " 21*
+
+COLORES
+SUPERFICIALES
+(abigarrados,
+en mayor parte
+debido a una
+descomposicion
+quimica):
+Pirita de cobre " 13, 14 " 9*
+
+IRISACION:
+Espato de
+Islandia.
+
+FOSFORESCENCIA:
+Cuarzo, Espato
+fluor, etc.
+
+DOBLE REFRACCION:
+Espato de
+Islandia. etc.
+
+ELECTRICIDAD:
+_Azufre_, Cuarzo,
+Espato calizo,
+Mica, Turmalina.
+
+MAGNETISMO: Hierro 35 " 19*
+magnetico
+
+PESO ESPECIFICO:
+(Densidad)
+0,6 .. 1
+Kerosene, Agua
+1 .. 1,5
+Hulla.
+1,5 .. 2,0
+Alumbre.
+2,0 .. 2,5 Yeso,
+Sal comun.
+2,5 .. 3,0
+Cuarzo, Calcita,
+Feldespato.
+3,0 .. 3,5
+Espato Fluor,
+Turmalina.
+3,5 .. 4,0
+Malaquita,
+Azurita.
+4,0 .. 4,5
+Pirita de cobre,
+Blenda.
+4,5 .. 5,5
+Pirita de hierro,
+Cobre gris.
+5,5 .. 6,5
+_Magnetita,_
+Chalcosina.
+6,5 .. 8
+Cerusita,
+Casiterita,
+Galena.
+8,5 .. 10,0
+Cobre, Bismuto.
+10,0 .. 14,0
+Plata, Plomo,
+Mercurio.
+15,0 .. 21 Oro,
+platino.
+21,5 .. 23
+Iridio.
+
+
+
+
+
+III. CARACTERES FISIOLOGICOS
+
+
+1) Por frotamiento
+emite olor a
+azufre:
+Pirita de hierro " 5 " 5*
+2) Cuando se le
+echa el aliento
+emite olor
+terroso:
+Kaolina y tierras " 94 " 37*
+3) Se pega a la
+lengua:
+Kaolina y tierras " 94 " 37*
+4) Untuoso al
+tacto;
+Talco " 81
+5) Sabor salino:
+Sal comun " 40 " 20*
+6) Sabor salino
+amargo:
+Sulfato de " 66
+magnesio
+7) Sabor metalico:
+Vitriolo de cobre.
+
+
+
+
+
+IV. CARACTERES QUIMICOS(1)
+
+
+FUSIBILIDAD 1)
+Minerales
+facilmente
+fusibles (fusibles
+con la llama de
+una vela:
+Antimonita, Sal
+comun.
+2) Dificilmente
+fusibles a un
+globulito:
+Granate
+(Almandina).
+3) Facilmente
+fusibles en
+astillas finas:
+Feldespato.
+4) Dificilmente
+fusibles en
+astillas:
+Bronzita.
+5) Infusibles a la
+llama del
+soplete:
+Cuarzo.
+Segun Kobell, hay
+siete grades
+de fusibilidad.
+1) Antimonita.
+2) Natrolita.
+3) Almandina.
+4) Actinolita.
+5) Ortoclasa.
+6) Bronzita.
+7) Cuarzo.
+
+SUBLIMACION:
+(total o parcial).
+Azufre, Pirita de
+hierro,
+
+SOLUBILIDAD: _A)_
+En agua: _Sal
+comun._
+_B)_ En acido
+clorhidrico:
+1) Con
+desprendimiento de
+acido carbonico:
+_Caliza._
+2) Con
+desprendimiento de
+cloro:
+_Pirolusita._
+3) Con
+desprendimiento de
+acido sulfhidrico:
+_Blenda._
+_C)_ En acido
+nitrico, con
+desprendimiento de
+bioxido de
+nitrogeno (vapores
+rutilantes):
+_Hierro
+magnetico._
+_D_) Parcialmente
+solubles en
+los acidos:
+1) Sulfuros,
+solubles en
+acido nitrico
+concentrado,
+con separacion de
+azufre: _Blenda,
+Pirita de
+hierro_.
+2) Silicatos
+solubles en acido
+clorhidrico con
+separacion de
+acido silicico.
+_a_) Bajo la forma
+de polvo
+arenoso:
+_Serpentina_.
+_b_) Bajo la forma
+de masa
+gelatinosa:
+_Wolastonita_.
+3) Wolframatos
+solubles (en
+polvo muy fino) en
+acido clorhidrico
+concentrado,
+separandose acido
+wolframico:
+_Wolframita_.
+_E_) Insolubles
+en los acidos
+_Cuarzo, Espato
+fluor_,
+_Feldespato_.
+
+DISGREGACION DE MINERALES
+INSOLUBLES EN LOS ACIDOS por
+fusion con carbonatos alcalinos:
+_Cuarzo, Feldespato._
+
+INVESTIGACION DE
+LOS COMPONENTES
+MAS IMPORTANTES.
+_Agua_. Agua
+higroscopica:
+Sal comun.
+Agua de
+cristalizacion:
+Yeso.
+Agua de
+cristalizacion y
+de constitucion:
+Serpentina.
+_Acido sulfhidrico
+o azufre:_ Galena,
+Blenda.
+_Acido
+clorhidrico:_ Sal
+comun.
+_Acido
+fluorhidrico:_
+Espato fluor.
+_Acido sulfurico:_
+Yeso.
+_Acido fosorico:_
+Apatita.
+_Acido carbonico:_
+Espato de cal,
+Cerusita.
+_Acido silicico:
+Serpentina,
+Feldespato,
+Wolastonita._
+_Cobre:_ Pirita de
+cobre.
+Crisocola.
+_Zinc:_ Blenda.
+_Plomo:_ Galena.
+Cerusita.
+_Hierro:_ Pirita
+de hierro.
+Hierro magnetico.
+_Antimonio:_
+Antimonita.
+Enargita.
+_Arsenico:_ Hierro
+arsenical.
+_Manganeso:_
+Pirolusita.
+Wolframita.
+_Aluminio:_
+Alumbre.
+Ortoclasa.
+_Calcio:_ Espato
+de cal.
+Yeso.
+_Magnesio:_
+Sulfato de
+magnesio.
+_Sodio:_ Sal
+comun.
+_Potasio:_
+Feldespato.
+
+
+
+
+
+COLECCION DE MUESTRAS DE ENSAYO
+
+
+N.º 1 Blenda.
+" 2 Galena.
+" 3 Pirita de hierro.
+" 4 Limonita o Hematita.
+" 5 Cuarzo.
+" 6 Pirolusita.
+" 7 Espato fluor.
+" 8 Sal comun.
+" 9 Espato calizo.
+" 10 Cerusita.
+" 11 Yeso.
+" 12 Sulfato de magnesia.
+" 13 Apatita.
+" 14 Wolframita.
+" 15 Serpentina.
+" 16 Wolastonita.
+" 17 Crisocola.
+" 18 Feldespato.
+
+
+
+
+
+ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE LA FORMACION DE MINERALES
+
+
+A) _Minerales
+formados en
+disoluciones
+acuosas por
+evaporacion del
+agua:_
+Sal comun Nº 40
+Yeso " 59
+Calcedonia " 31
+Cuarzo " 27
+cristalizado
+B) _Minerales
+formados en
+disoluciones
+acuosas cargadas
+de acido
+carbonico, por
+evaporacion de
+este ultimo._
+Espato calizo Nº 44, etc. (dentro de grietas
+ que cruzan el
+ marmol.
+Estalactitas " 47 (dentro de
+ cavernas
+ en caliza).
+Travertina " 48 (en agua bajo la
+ accion
+ de plantas).
+Onyx-Marmol " 49 (en aguas
+ calientes)
+C) _Minerales
+formados por
+procesos quimicos;
+par la accion
+del oxigeno,
+del acido
+carbonico y del
+agua:_
+1) Limonita, por Nº 38
+descomposicion
+de Pirita de
+hierro
+3) Cerusita, por " 53
+descomposicion
+de Galena
+4) Malaquita por " 4
+descomposicion
+de Cobre
+5) Analcima, por " 92
+descomposicion
+de Basalto
+6) Caolina, por " 94
+descomposicion
+de Feldespato
+D) _Minerales
+formados en
+una masa fusion
+(rocas
+eruptivas)_
+Feldespato en " 91
+granito
+Cuarzo " 28
+Mica en granito " 74
+Anfibol " 86
+E) _Minerales en
+filones metalicos,
+como: Galena,
+Pirita de hierro,
+Blenda, etc.,
+formados:_
+1) por
+procedimientos de
+disoluciones
+acuosas, ej.:
+sulfato de hierro,
+ha sido
+reducido a sulfuro
+de hierro, o
+2) por accion del
+gas sulfhidrico
+(o sulfuros
+alcalinos)
+sobre
+disoluciones;
+ej.: carbonato de
+plomo,
+transformado en
+galena:
+3) por sublimacion
+de gases (casos
+raros)
+4) por reduccion
+de sus
+disoluciones o de
+minerales
+compuestos: oro
+nativo por
+reduccion de
+cloruro de oro;
+cobre nativo en
+parte por
+reduccion de
+oxido de cobre
+(cobre rojo) o
+de malaquita
+(carbonato de
+cobre)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATALOGO INSTRUCTIVO DE LAS COLECCIONES MINERALOGICAS***
+
+
+
+CREDITS
+
+
+December 22, 2006
+
+ Project Gutenberg Edition
+ Adrian Mastronardi
+ Joshua Hutchinson
+ Online Distributed Proofreading Team This file was produced
+ from images generously made available by the Bibliotheque
+ nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr
+
+
+
+A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG
+
+
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