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diff --git a/20636.txt b/20636.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec18f9e --- /dev/null +++ b/20636.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4691 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Military Journals of Two Private +Soldiers, 1758-1775, by Abraham Tomlinson + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Military Journals of Two Private Soldiers, 1758-1775 + With Numerous Illustrative Notes + +Author: Abraham Tomlinson + +Release Date: February 21, 2007 [EBook #20636] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MILITARY JOURNALS OF TWO PRIVATE SOLDIERS *** + + + + +Produced by David Edwards, Christine P. Travers and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net +(This book was produced from scanned images of public +domain material from the Google Print project.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Author's spelling has been retained.] + + +[Illustration: RUINS OF FORT TICONDEROGA +(From Lossing's Field Book of the Revolution.)] + + + + + THE + + MILITARY JOURNALS + + OF TWO + + PRIVATE SOLDIERS, + + 1758--1775, + + + + WITH + + NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIVE NOTES + + TO WHICH IS ADDED, + + A SUPPLEMENT, + + CONTAINING + + OFFICIAL PAPERS ON THE SKIRMISHES AT LEXINGTON AND CONCORD. + + + + POUGHKEEPSIE: + PUBLISHED BY ABRAHAM TOMLINSON, + AT THE MUSEUM. + 1855. + + + + + Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, + + By ABRAHAM TOMLINSON, + + in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United + States, in and for the Southern District of New York. + + + + STEREOTYPED BY C. C. SAVAGE. + 13 Chambers Street, N. Y. + + C. A. ALVORD, PRINTER, + 29 Gold Street, N. Y. + + + + +ADVERTISEMENT. + + +Having been, for several years, engaged in the establishment of a +Museum in Poughkeepsie, I have, by extensive travel and research, and +by the kindness of many of my fellow-citizens in Dutchess county and +elsewhere, obtained numerous objects, not only curious in themselves, +but valuable as materials for history. Among these are two manuscript +Journals, kept by common soldiers, each during a single campaign, and +written at periods seventeen years apart. One of these soldiers served +in a campaign of the conflict known as the FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, +which commenced a hundred years ago; the other soldier assisted in the +siege of Boston, by the American army, in 1775 and 1776. Believing +that a faithful transcript of those Journals, given _verbatim et +literatim_, as recorded by the actors themselves, might have an +interest for American readers, as exhibiting the every-day life of a +common soldier in those wars which led to the founding of our +republic, I have yielded to the solicitations of friends, and the +dictates of my own judgment and feelings, and in the following pages +present to the public faithful copies of those diaries. + +Perceiving that much of the intrinsic value of these Journals would +consist in a proper understanding of the historical facts to which +allusions are made in them, I prevailed upon Mr. LOSSING, the +well-known author of the "_Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution_" to +illustrate and elucidate these diaries by explanatory notes. His name +is a sufficient guaranty for their accuracy and general usefulness; +and I flatter myself that this little volume will not only amuse, but +edify, and that the useful objects aimed at in its publication will be +fully attained. With this hope, it is submitted to my fellow-citizens. + + ABRAHAM TOMLINSON. + POUGHKEEPSIE MUSEUM, _December, 1854_. + + + + +INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. + + +The conflict known in America as the _French and Indian War_, and in +Europe as the _Seven Years' War_, originated in disputes between the +French and English colonists, in the New World, concerning territorial +limits. For a century the colonies of the two nations had been +gradually expanding and increasing in importance. The English, more +than a million in number, occupied the seaboard from the Penobscot to +the St. Mary's, a thousand miles in extent; all eastward of the great +ranges of the Alleganies, and far northward toward the St. Lawrence. +The French, not more than a hundred thousand strong, made settlements +along the St. Lawrence, the shores of the great lakes, on the +Mississippi and its tributaries, and upon the borders of the gulf of +Mexico. They early founded Detroit, Kaskaskia, Vincennes, and New +Orleans. + +The English planted agricultural colonies--the French were chiefly +engaged in traffic with the Indians. This trade, and the operations of +the Jesuit missionaries, who were usually the self-denying pioneers of +commerce in its penetration of the wilderness, gave the French great +influence over the tribes of a vast extent of country lying in the +rear of the English settlements. + +The ancient quarrel between the two nations, originating far back in +the feudal ages, and kept alive by subsequent collisions, burned +vigorously in the bosoms of the respective colonists in America, where +it was continually fed by frequent hostilities on frontier ground. +They had ever regarded each other with extreme jealousy, for the prize +before them was supreme rule in the New World. The trading-posts and +missionary-stations of the French, in the far Northwest, and in the +bosom of the dark wilderness, several hundred miles distant from the +most remote settlements on the English frontier, attracted very little +attention until they formed a part of more extensive operations. But +when, after the capture of Louisburg, by the English, in 1745, the +French adopted vigorous measures for opposing the extension of British +power in America; when they built strong vessels at the foot of Lake +Ontario--made treaties of friendship with powerful Indian +tribes--strengthened their fort at the mouth of the Niagara river--and +erected a cordon of fortifications, more than sixty in number, between +Montreal and New Orleans,--the English were aroused to immediate and +effective action in defence of the territorial limits given them in +their ancient charters. By virtue of these, they claimed dominion +westward to the Pacific ocean, south of the latitude of the north +shore of Lake Erie; while the French claimed a title to all the +territory watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries, under the +more plausible plea that they had made the first explorations and +settlements in that region. The claims of the real owner--the +Indian--were lost sight of in the discussion; and it was a significant +question asked by an Indian messenger of the agent of the English +_Ohio Company_: "Where is the Indian's land? The English claim it all +on one side of the river, and the French on the other: where does the +Indian's land lie?" + +The territorial question was brought to an issue when, in 1753, a +company of English traders and settlers commenced exploring the +head-waters of the Ohio. The French opposed their operations by force. +George Washington was sent by the Virginia authorities to remonstrate +with the French. It was of no avail. The English determined to oppose +force to force; and in the vicinity of the now-flourishing city of +Pittsburg, in western Pennsylvania, the "French and Indian War" began. +Provincial troops were raised, and armies came from England. Extensive +campaigns were planned, and attempts were made to expel the French +from Lake Champlain and the southern shore of Lake Ontario. Finally, +in 1758, three armies were in motion at one time against French posts +remote from each other--Louisburg, in the extreme east; Ticonderoga, +on Lake Champlain; and Fort Du Quesne, where Pittsburg now stands. +General Sir James Abercrombie commanded the expedition against +Ticonderoga, accompanied by young Lord Howe as his lieutenant. The +French were under the command of the marquis Montcalm, who was killed +at Quebec the following year. The English and provincial troops +rendezvoused at the head of Lake George, went down that sheet of +water, attacked Ticonderoga, and were repulsed with great loss. It was +this portion of that campaign in which the soldier served who kept the +Journal given in the succeeding pages. It is a graphic outline +picture, in few and simple words, of the daily life of a common +soldier at that time. + +During the campaign of 1759, Quebec was captured by the army under +Wolfe; Lord Amherst, more successful than Abercrombie, drove the +French from Lake Champlain; Sir William Johnson captured Fort Niagara; +and all Canada was in virtual possession of the English, except +Montreal. That fell early in the Autumn of 1760; and the struggle for +supremacy in America, between the French and English, was ended for +ever. + + L. + + + + +MILITARY JOURNAL FOR 1758. + + +[Illustration: Lemuel Lyon +FAC-SIMILE OF A PORTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT JOURNAL.] + +April 5 1758. I Lemuel Lyon of Woodstock Inlisted under Captain David +holms of Woodstock in newingLand For this present Cannody +Expordition[1]--I Received of Captain Holms L2.0s.0d. + + [Footnote 1: Canada expedition.] + +May 30. Received L3,-16-0. + +June, 2nd. We arrived at Colonal Maysons at 12 o'Clock and marched +from their to Landard[2] Abits & Sergent Stone treated us their--then +we marched to mansfield to Deacon Eldridgs about four o'clock--then we +marched to Bolton to Landard trils, and we gave 7d a night for horse +keeping. + + [Footnote 2: Landlord. The proprietor of an inn or + tavern was universally called _landlord_. The title + is still very prevalent.] + +Wednesday 7th. We had Carts to press,[3]--then we marched of from +their to Landard Strengs in Harford and from their to Landard Geds & +had raw Pork for dinner--then we marched to Landard Crews and the +Chief[4] lodges their--My mess lodged at a private house one Daniel +Catlins. + + [Footnote 3: To take carts for the military + service. Under martial law, any private property + may be used for the public good. A just government + always pays a fair price for the same.] + + [Footnote 4: Probably General Lyman, who was the + commander-in-chief of the Connecticut forces at + that time.] + +Thursday 8th. Marched of and arived at Landard Gessels and their we +went to Brecfirst and then we marched from their to our stores in +Litchfield[5] to Squire Sheldings and then to Landard Buels and lodged +their and our Captain was sent for to a man in another Company that +had fits. + + [Footnote 5: In Litchfield county, Connecticut.] + +Friday 9th. Then marched from their and we had nu teams presed their +and we arrived at Landard Hollobuts in Goshen from their to widow +Leggets in Cornwell[6] and from their to Coles in Cainan[7] & lodged +their. + + [Footnote 6: Cornwall.] + + [Footnote 7: Canaan.] + +Saturday 10th. Marched to Lawrences and from thence to Landard Bushes +in Shefield 7 mile and went to diner--thence marched and arived at one +Garnt Burges and lodged their and our Ensign went to Prayer with us-- + +Sonday 11th. Marched into the Paterroon Lands[8] to Landard Lovejoys & +went to diner had a hard shower then marched into Cantihook[9] to one +Hayer Carns the Stone house & lodged their & from thence to Cantihook +Town to one Bushes and slept their. + + [Footnote 8: Livingston's manor, in Columbia + county. The estates of Livingston, Van Rensselaer, + and others, who received grants of land from + government, on certain conditions, in order to + encourage immigration and agriculture, were called + Patroon Lands, and the proprietors were entitled + Patroons, or patrons.] + + [Footnote 9: Kinderhook.] + +Monday 12th. At Cantihook. + +Tuesday 13th. Marched and arived at the half way house in Albany & +Bated, & then into Green Bush[10] by Son down and lodged their in +Ranslays Barn. + + [Footnote 10: Now East Albany, on the east side of + the Hudson river.] + +Wednesday 14th. Stil at Albany and their I first shifted my clothes +and washed them--then we had 6 rounds of powder & ball & had orders +from Colonel Whiting to go to Senakada[11]--this day Asel Carpenter +came to Albany. + + [Footnote 11: Schenectady.] + +Thursday 15th. We went over the River Early to receive our rations in +provision and in money and we marched 2 Miles and stoped and refreshed +ourselves their half an hour and Lieut. Smith came up and we received +our Abilitan money.[12] + + [Footnote 12: Billeting-money--that is, money to + pay for lodgings at private houses. When soldiers + are quartered at private houses, it is said that + such ones are _billeted_ at such a house, &c.] + +Friday 16th. We had Prayers in our company at 3 Ock then all marched +of but 14 and they stayed here to guard Lieut Smith and the money and +yesterday Mr. Holmes sot of for Home and I giv 5 pence for carring my +letter--we stayed here til 5 oclock this afternoon and we heard +nothing from Lieut Smith and we had no provisions so we marched for +Scanacata[13] and we got in at Son down well & their was a Larrom[14] +this night. + + [Footnote 13: Schenectady.] + + [Footnote 14: Alarum, or alarm.] + +Saturday 17th. Stil at Schenacata[15] and we moved into our Barrocks +and Barnabas Evings was taken poor with a working in the Body Ben +denny was taken very poor. + + [Footnote 15: Schenectady.] + +Sonday 18th. I was first called upon guard with 15 more. My turn came +first at 11 oclock--this afternoon 3 ock Lieut. Smith come up with our +abilitan money. + +Monday 19th. Stil at Schenacata and their was a rigiment of province +men[16] come up to Schenacata and this night 25 of our men went over +the River west 1 mile to guard wagon Horses--this day a short training +1 Regiment. + + [Footnote 16: Provincial troops, or American + soldiers. The English troops were called regulars.] + +Tuesday 20th. Their marched of 3 Hundred of the Bay Forces[17] for +Fort Edward[18] and I received my abilitan in full L1.8s.0d. + + [Footnote 17: Massachusetts Bay troops. The + Massachusetts colony was called _Massachusetts Bay_ + until after the War for Independence.] + + [Footnote 18: Fort Edward was situated upon the + east bank of the Hudson, about fifty miles north + of Albany. The fort was built by General Lyman, of + Connecticut, in 1755, while that officer was + encamped there with about six thousand troops, + awaiting the arrival of General William Johnson, + the commander-in-chief of the expedition against + the French at Ticonderoga and Crown Point. A + portion of the site of the fort is now (1854) + occupied by the flourishing village of Fort Edward. + Some of the embankments are yet visible near the + river. It was near this fort that Jane McCrea was + killed and scalped, in 1777.] + +Wednesday 21st. Stil hear and we were imbodied for prayers in the +morning and then trained a little. Corperal Carpenter was taken poor. + +Thursday 22d. Had orders to march to the half moon[19] and Captain +Leneses company to & at 7 oclk we marched and arivd at Tess-ceune[20] +and Lodged their at Landard Abraham Grotes. + + [Footnote 19: Near Waterford, on the west side of + the Hudson river, thirteen miles north from + Albany.] + + [Footnote 20: Niskayuna, a short distance from + Waterford, and remarkable as a settlement of + Shaking Quakers.] + +Friday 23d. Marched in the rain and very gresy traviling it was and we +Arivd at Teburth and from thence to the place cald Lowdins Ferry[21] +to Landard Fungdors and from thence to the half moon & Lodged their. + + [Footnote 21: On the Mohawk, about five miles above + Cohoes Falls. It was the chief crossing-place for + troops on their way north from Albany. There the + right wing of the American army, under Arnold, was + encamped, while General Schuyler was casting up + entrenchments at Cohoes Falls, a few weeks before + the Saratoga battles, in 1777.] + +Saturday 24th. I received a Letter from John at the half moon and from +thence we marched & Arived at Stil Water[22] & Lodged their & Barnabas +Evings was poor. + + [Footnote 22: Stillwater is on the west bank of the + Hudson, in Saratoga county, twenty-four miles north + from Albany. The battle of Bemis's heights was + fought near there, in 1777, and is sometimes known + as the battle of Stillwater. Opposite the mouth of + the Hoosick river, at Stillwater, was a stockade, + called Fort Winslow.] + +Sonday 25th. We got 2 Battoes[23] to carry our packs up to +Salatogue[24] and we went a foot & 8 of our men were draun out to stay +at Salatogue--Captain Lewis shot at an Indian and kild him & sot in +the Battoe--from Salatogue we marched on to Fort Miller[25] and Lodged +their. + + [Footnote 23: A batteau is a kind of scow or + flat-boat, used on shallow streams like the Hudson + above Waterford.] + + [Footnote 24: Saratoga. This settlement was near + the mouth of the Fish creek, on the south side. The + village of Schuylerville is just across the stream, + on the north side. On the plain, in front of the + village of Schuylerville, was a regular + quadrangular fortification, with bastions, called + Fort Hardy. It was erected in 1756, and named in + honor of the governor of New York at that time.] + + [Footnote 25: On the west side of the Hudson, six + or eight miles below Fort Edward. The river is + there broken by swift rapids. During this campaign, + Major (afterward General) Putnam was here surprised + by a party of Indians, and boldly descended the + rapids in a canoe, and escaped. It was a feat they + never dared to attempt, and they felt certain that + he was under the protection of the Great Spirit. + Here a stream called Bloody Run enters the Hudson. + It is so named because a party of soldiers from the + garrison, in 1759, went there to fish, were + surprised by the Indians, and nine were killed and + scalped.] + +Monday 26th. Rainy and wet--I come up the River in a Battoe to Fort +Edward to the incampment--their we drad 1/2 a pound of powder and 10 +Bullets a peace and 8 days provision in order for to march to the +Lake[26]--Barnabas Evings was very poor with fever nago[27] and was +forst to stay behind & David Bishop with him--we Lodged in Bush tents +and very wet it was. + + [Footnote 26: Lake George.] + + [Footnote 27: Fever-and-ague.] + +Tuesday 27th. Marched all of Colonel Phiches[28] Regiment that were +hear with 3 teams to carry the officers we arrived at the half way +Brook[29] and their a great percel stashond for a while & from thence +we Marched to Lake George and went over upon the hill East & their +Encamptt one with myself went upon guard this night. + + [Footnote 28: Fitch's.] + + [Footnote 29: Afterward called Snook's creek. It + enters the Hudson three miles below Fort Edward.] + +Wednesday 28th. We cleard our ground and pitchd our tents I sent 2 +letters home. + +Thursday 29th. Stil here General Limon[30] & Colonel Phiches Regiments +come up to the Lake this day I washed my Cloths 1 more rigiment come +up. + + [Footnote 30: General Phineas Lyman, who built Fort + Edward. He was a native of Durham, Connecticut, + where he was born in 1716. He completed his + education at Yale college, and afterward became an + eminent lawyer. He was appointed commander-in-chief + of the Connecticut forces in 1755, and in the + expedition to Lake George deserved all the honor + awarded to General Johnson, who was jealous of + Lyman's abilities as a soldier. Lyman did his duty + nobly, and was but little noticed. Johnson was + unfit for his station, but being a nephew of Sir + Peter Warren, then a popular English admiral, he + received the honor of knighthood, and the sum of + twenty thousand dollars, for his services in that + campaign! General Lyman served with distinction + until the close of the campaign in 1760, and in + 1762 commanded the American forces sent against + Havana. He was in England about eleven years, and, + after his return, went with his family to the + Mississippi, where he died in 1788.] + +Friday 30th. This day there was a very unhapy mishap fel out in the +province forces & that was 1 **** shot one **** partly through the +body but did not kil him the man which was shot lived at Bridgwater +to day they drawd out 9 men to go in Battoes up the Lake. + +Saturday July 1st. Colonel Worster[31] & his rigiment came up to day & +3 of our sick men 1 of them Brot nuse that one man shot another by +accident at Schenacata & an hour after he died to day our Chapling[32] +came up &. 1 of Magor Rogers[33] men came in that had bin gorn 7 days +& Expected to be gorn but 2 he was so beat out that he could not tel +what had becom of tother. this night I went upon a batto and guarded +Colonel Phiches Tub of Butter. + + [Footnote 31: Colonel David Wooster, of + Connecticut, the eminent general of the Revolution, + who was killed at Ridgefield, while engaged in the + pursuit of Tryon, after the burning of Danbury, in + the spring of 1777. He was born in Stratford, + Connecticut, in March, 1710, graduated at Yale + college in 1738, and soon afterward received the + appointment of captain of a vessel of the + coast-guard. He was in the expedition against + Louisburg in 1745. He afterward went to England, + where he was a favorite at the court of George II., + and received the appointment of captain in the + regular service, under Sir William Pepperell. He + was promoted to a colonelcy in 1755, and rose to + the rank of brigadier before the close of the + French and Indian war. He was one of the most + active men in getting up the expedition against + Ticonderoga, in 1775, which resulted in the capture + of that fortress, and also Crown Point, by Colonel + Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold. Wooster was + appointed one of the first brigadiers of the + continental army, in 1775, and third in rank. He + was also appointed the first major-general of the + militia of his state, when organized for the War + for Independence; and in that capacity he was + employed, with Arnold, Silliman, and others, in + repelling British invasion in 1777. He lost his + life in that service. His remains were buried at + Danbury; and in 1854 a monument was erected over + his grave by his grateful countrymen, at the + expense of his native state.] + + [Footnote 32: Chaplain.] + + [Footnote 33: Commander of a corps of rangers, who + performed signal services during the greater part + of the French and Indian war. He was the son of an + Irishman, an early settler of Dunbarton, in New + Hampshire. He was appointed to his command in 1755, + and was a thorough scout. In 1759, he was sent by + General Amherst to destroy the Indian village of + St. Francis. In that expedition he suffered great + hardships, but was successful. He served in the + Cherokee war in 1761, and in 1766 was appointed + governor of Michilimacinac, where he was accused of + treason, and sent to Montreal in irons. He was + acquitted, went to England, and, after suffering + imprisonment for debt, returned to America, where + he remained until the Revolution broke out. He took + up arms for the king, and in 1777 went to England, + where he died. His "Journal of the French and + Indian War" is a valuable work.] + +Sonday 2. In the fore noon I went to meting & heard Mr. Eals his text +was in the 5th Chapter of James 16th verse a good sermon I rote a +letter & sent home & in the after noon to meeting again. + +Monday 3d. Yesterday Mager putnoms S Company came up and this morning +Mager putnom[34] come up and the Connetticuts rigiment were Imbodied +for to learn how to form your front to the Right and left for Jineral +Abbacromba[35] and his A de Camp to vieu. + + [Footnote 34: Israel Putnam, afterward the + Revolutionary general. He was born in Salem, + Massachusetts, in January, 1718. He was a vigorous + lad, and in 1739 we find him cultivating land in + Pomfret, Connecticut, the scene of his remarkable + adventure in a wolf's den, so familiar to every + reader. He was appointed to the command of some of + the first troops raised in Connecticut for the + French and Indian war in 1755, and was an active + officer during the entire period of that conflict, + especially while in command of a corps of rangers. + He was ploughing in his field when the news of the + skirmishes at Lexington and Concord reached him. He + immediately started for Boston, and, at the head of + Connecticut troops, was active in the battle of + Bunker Hill. He was one of the first four + major-generals of the continental army appointed by + Congress in June, 1775, and he was constantly on + duty in important movements until 1779, when a + partial paralysis of one side of his body disabled + him for military service. He lived in retirement + after the war, and died at Brooklyn, Windham + county, Connecticut, on the 29th of May, 1790, at + the age of seventy-two years.] + + [Footnote 35: General James Abercrombie, the + commander-in-chief of the campaign. He was + descended from an ancient Scotch family, and, + because of signal services on the continent, was + promoted to the rank of major-general, the military + art having been his profession since boyhood. He + was superseded by Lord Amherst, after his defeat at + Ticonderoga, and returned to England in the spring + of 1759.] + +Tuesday 4. This day I cut my hat and received my amanition and +provision for 4 days and made radey for to go on. + +Wednesday 5th. This day the Army by son rise got ready for to March +and Marched of by Water, and Arived at the Saberday point[36] & stayed +their til midnight then Marched again to the first narrows & Landed +their and went down. + + [Footnote 36: Sabbath-day Point. This is a fertile + little promontory, jutting out into Lake George + from the western shore, a few miles from the little + village of Hague, and surrounded by the most + picturesque scenery imaginable. It was so named, at + this time, because it was early on Sunday morning + that Abercrombie and his army left this place and + proceeded down the lake. There a small provincial + force had a desperate fight with a party of French + and Indians, in 1756, and defeated them. + Abercrombie's army went down the lake in batteaux + and whaleboats, and reached the Point just at dark. + Captain (afterward General) Stark relates that he + supped with the young lord Howe that evening, at + the Point, and that the nobleman made many anxious + inquiries about the strength of Ticonderoga, the + country to be traversed, &c., and, by his serious + demeanor, evinced a presentiment of his sad fate. + He was killed in a skirmish with a French scout two + days afterward. His body was conveyed to Albany, in + charge of Captain (afterward General) Philip + Schuyler, and buried there. He was a brother of the + admiral and general of that name, who commanded + the British naval and land forces in America in + 1776.] + +Thursday 6th. 12 A Clock at night we marched of again[37] & landed at +the 1st narrows & then we Marched on to the falls[38] within 2 miles +of the fort and there we was attackt by the Enemy[39] and the +Engagement held 1 hour and we kiled and took upwards of 2 & 50, & of +Captain Holmes Company we had 3 Men wounded. Sergent Cada Sergent +Armsba and Ensign Robbins & at Sondown the French come out again 5 +thousand strong and our men came back again to the Landing place & +Lodged their. + + [Footnote 37: "The order of march," says Major + Rogers, "exhibited a splendid military show." There + were sixteen thousand well-armed troops. Lord Howe, + in a large boat, led the van of the flotilla, + accompanied by a guard of rangers and expert + boatmen. The regular troops occupied the centre, + and the provincials the wings. The sky was clear + and starry, and not a breeze ruffled the dark + waters as they slept quietly in the shadows of the + mountains. Their oars were muffled, and, so + silently did they move on, that not a scout upon + the hills observed them; and the first intimation + that the outposts of the enemy received of their + approach was the full blaze of their scarlet + uniforms, when, soon after sunrise, they landed and + pushed on toward Ticonderoga.] + + [Footnote 38: Rapids in the stream which forms the + outlet of Lake George into Lake Champlain. Here are + now extensive saw and grist mills. The distance + from the foot of Lake George to Fort Ticonderoga is + about four miles.] + + [Footnote 39: The English lacked suitable guides, + and became bewildered in the dense forest that + covered the land. Lord Howe was second in command, + and led the van, preceded by Major Putnam and a + scout of one hundred men, to reconnoitre. The + French set fire to their own outpost, and + retreated. Howe and Putnam dashed on through the + woods, and in a few minutes fell in with the French + advanced guard, who were also bewildered, and were + trying to find their way to the fort. A smart + skirmish ensued, and, at the first fire, Lord Howe, + another officer, and several privates, were killed. + The French were repulsed, with a loss of about + three hundred killed, and one hundred and forty + made prisoners. The English battalions were so much + broken, confused, and fatigued, that Abercrombie + ordered them back to the landing-place, where they + bivouacked for the night.] + +Friday 7th. Majer Rogers went down to the mils and drove them of there +from & kild and took upwards of 150 & at Son down the last of the Army +marched down to the Mils and Majer putnom made a Bridge over by the +Landing place this night we lodged by the Mils. + +Saturday 8th. Then marched back 2 or 3 rigiments to the Landing place +to guard & help Get up Artillira and we worked all the fore noon +onloading the Battoes and at noon we set out down to the Mils with the +Artillira & we got near the Mils and we had orders to leave the +Artillira[40] their and go back & get our arms and we went down to the +Mils of our rigiment 2 Hundred were ordered to go over on the point to +keep the French from Landing their and we stayed while next morning +son 2 hours high & when we came in all our army and Artillira was gorn +back & the Mils fired and we marched back to the Landing place and had +to secure matter of 200 Barrels of Flour & we heard the French were a +coming upon us and we stove them all and come of us as soon as we +could and about 10 Ock we sot sail and & by Son down we arrived at +Lake George[41] according to all accounts the Engagement began about +10 clock and held 10 Hours steady and we lost 3 Thousand rigulars. + + [Footnote 40: This was Abercrombie's fatal mistake. + He sent an engineer to reconnoitre the fort and + outworks. The engineer reported the latter to be so + weak, in an unfinished state, as to be easily + carried, without artillery, by the force of English + bayonets. The difficulties in the way of heavy + cannons, in that dense forest, were very + formidable; and Abercrombie was willing to rely + upon sword and bayonet, on the strength of his + engineer's report. That functionary was mistaken; + and when the English approached the French lines, + they found an embankment of earth and stones, eight + feet in height, strongly guarded by _abatis_, or + felled trees, with their tops outward. The English + made a furious attack, cut pathways through these + prostrate trees, and mounted the parapet. They were + instantly slain, and thus scores of Britons were + sacrificed, by discharges of heavy cannons. When + two thousand men had fallen, Abercrombie sounded a + retreat, and the whole British army made its way to + the landing-place at the foot of Lake George, with + a loss of twenty-five hundred muskets. They went up + the lake to Fort William Henry, and the wounded + were sent to Fort Edward and to Albany. At his own + solicitation, Colonel Bradstreet was sent to attack + the French fort Frontenac, where Kingston now + stands, at the foot of Lake Ontario; and General + Stanwix proceeded to erect a fort toward the + head-waters of the Mohawk, where the village of + Rome now flourishes.] + + [Footnote 41: The head of the lake was especially + designated as "Lake George." There was the + dilapidated fort William Henry, built by Sir + William Johnson, in the autumn of 1755; and, about + half a mile southeast from it, Fort George was + afterward erected. The ruins of its citadel may yet + (1854) be seen.] + +Monday 10th. Stil at Lake George in our old encampment 2 Cannon and 2 +morter peaces all of them Brass come into Lake George to day. + +Tuesday 11th. I washed my Clothes to day had Tea for Brecfirst. + +Wednesday 12th. To day I was cald upon guard. Stephen Lyon went to +Fort Edward. + +Thursday 13th. To day washed My Clothes. + +Friday 14th. Nothing remarkable. + +Saturday 15th. Nothing remarkable cald out to work. + +Sonday 16th. Went to meeting to hear Mr. Pommerai[42] & his text was +in the 16th Chapter of Isaiah the 9th verce in the afternoon went to +hear Mr. Eals and his text was in 4th Chapter of Amos & the 12th verce +Sung the 45 Salm the last time sung the 44th Salm this day Colonel +Dotays Rigiment marched of. + + [Footnote 42: Pomeroy.] + +Monday 17th. This day Sergent Joseph Mathers had a new shirt put on of +70 stripes[43] I washed and at night was caled upon the picket guard +Barny went down to the halfway brook[44] and back again to guard +Artillira. + + [Footnote 43: Flogging was facetiously termed + "putting on a new shirt." Seventy lashes was a + pretty severe punishment.] + + [Footnote 44: This was the outlet of three little + lakes, situated about half way between the head of + Lake George and the bend of the Hudson at Sandy + Hill. They are the head-waters of Clear river, the + west branch of Wood creek, which empties into Lake + Champlain at Whitehall.] + +Tuesday 18th. One Samuel Jonson died very suddenly he belonged to +Captain Latimer Company of new Cannen, Nehemiah Blackmore was whipt 10 +stripes for fireing his gun. + +Wednesday 19th. This day to work upon the Hospetal gitting timber to +it I went upon the Island[45] to stay thair a week. + + [Footnote 45: This was Diamond island, lying + directly in front of Dunham's bay, and not far + from the village of Caldwell. It was so called + because of the number and beauty of quartz-crystals + found upon it. Burgoyne made it a depot of military + stores when on his way from Canada, by the way of + Lake Champlain, in 1777. It was the scene of a + sharp conflict between the little garrison and a + party of Americans under Colonel Brown, on the 25th + of September, 1777, while Gates and Burgoyne were + confronted at Saratoga. Brown was repulsed.] + +Thursday 20th. Stil at work Colonel Worster sot out to go down to +Albany and a number of men with him this morning 10 Men were a going +to the half way Brook to guard the Post and the Indians way laid them +and kild 9 of them & 1 got in safe and they rallyd out from the Brook +100 & went back to see what was the Matter and they laid wait for them +& they fired upon the front first and kiled 2 Captains and 2 +Leiutenants on the spot & our men were supprised and run back all but +a few and they stood a little while & lost 17 men the engagement began +son 2 hours high about a nowr after Leiut. Smith & 200 of our men went +down to help guard the teames down to Fort Edward. + +Friday 21st. This day at knight Leiut. Smith came back & very poor he +was the rest of the guard returned well. + +Saturday 22d. This day Colonel Partrages[46] rigiment were resolved to +have their full Allowance or go of and they got it[47]--a small shower +& at night our post came in and our Men that stayed behind came up I +received a letter from Home. + + [Footnote 46: Partridge's.] + + [Footnote 47: They were volunteers.] + +Sonday 23d. Went to meeting and the text was in the 3 chapter of John +& the 16 verse & in the after noon the Text was in the 6 chapter of +Micah 6 & 7 verses this day wet & hard showers. + +Monday 24th. This day a week ago Ensign Robins died at Albany this day +Henry Morris came up to Lake George with 2 Waggon Loads of Rum and +sold it right of-- + +Tuesday 25th. Captain Holmes and 5 of our men went down to the half +way Brook to be stashoned their til Furder orders--at 9 Ock one James +Makmehoon[48] was hanged upon the galloes upon the top of the Rockka +noose[49] our post came in and I was released from the Haspital work. + + [Footnote 48: M'Mahon?] + + [Footnote 49: This locality can not be identified.] + +Wednesday 26th. Majer putnom had orders to list 400 ranjers and listed +some to day. + +Thursday 27th. This day the Captains of the Companys drawed out 9 men +of a company for ranjers. + +Friday 28th. There was about 40 teams & wagons a coming up about half +way between Forte Edward and half way Brook and a scout of French & +Indians way laid them and kiled every ox and destroyed all their stors +every thing[50] and about midnight our camps were alarmd of it and +Majer putnom rallyd about a 1000 Men & went after them. + + [Footnote 50: Rogers, in his Journal, speaks of + this occurrence. He says it was on the 27th, and + that one hundred and sixteen men were killed, of + whom sixteen were rangers.] + +Saturday 29th. This day Rogers went upon the track with his +ranjers[51] and sent back for all the picket guard and they went & +this day I was very poor & took a portion of fizik. + + [Footnote 51: He went out with seven hundred men, + to intercept the marauding party, but they + escaped.] + +Sonday 30th. This morning by break of day som of Majer putnoms men +that he left with the Battoes spied some more a coming down the Lake +and they com & told & Limon rallyd up about 2000 men and went up the +Lake I was poor and went to meeting Mr. Ingarson[52] preach'd & his +text was in salms the 83 & the 14 & 15 & the after noon the text was +in Duteronemy 32 & 29 verse. + + [Footnote 52: Ingersoll.] + +Mon. 31st. 9 of our Newingland Men were put under guard for making a +false larrom about the battoes coming down upon us & also one regular +that Rogers took that desarted last year to the French from us. + +Tuesday August 1st. Their was about 700 men went down to the Half Way +Brook to be stashond their and 8 of our company and Captain Holmes +came back. + +Wednes. 2. To day Jineral Limon came in of a scout & the men that went +with him and Rogers and putnom went of a scout with 14 or 15 hundred +for 10 days[53] this day Craft died and was buried Stephen Lyon come +of scout. + + [Footnote 53: Rogers says that, on his return from + his attempt to intercept the marauding party, he + was met by an express, with orders to march toward + the head of Lake Champlain, at South and East bays, + to prevent the French marching upon Fort Edward. + There he was joined by Major Putnam and Captain + Dalyell or D'Ell.] + +Thurs. 3rd. Two of our men went out a fishing for 2 days but had poor +luck. + +Friday 4th. We had orders to march to Fort Edward & I washed up my +clothes. + +Sat. 5th. This morning about half our rigiment marched forward to +build brest Works along upon the road in some bad places we arived at +Fort Edward at 9 O clock & we Built 2 Brest works. + +Sonday 6th. We drawd 3 days provision and this afternoon the Rest of +our Rigiment came down and the teams that went up the day Before we +received our pacet[54] of letters from home. + + [Footnote 54: Packet.] + +Monday 7th. Cap.n & all that were able to go were ordered to guard +down to Fort Miller and back again. + +Tues. 8th. In the morning we were drawd out for work and worked the +fore noon then we were ordered to fix every Man in the rigiments to +make ready, to go out to help Majer putnom and we met them a coming in +about son down and we helpt them a long as far as we could & that nite +& lay out that nite & 3 of the wounded men died there and Ben Deny for +one.[55] + + [Footnote 55: A severe engagement took place on + Clear river, the west branch of Wood creek, about a + mile northwest from Fort Anne village (then the + site of a picketed blockhouse, called Fort Anne), + between a party of rangers and provincials under + Rogers, Putnam, and Captain Dalyell, or D'Ell, and + about an equal number of French and Indians under + Molang, a famous partisan leader. The English + troops were marching when attacked: Putnam was in + front, with the provincials; Rogers was in the + rear, with his rangers; and D'Ell in the centre, + with the regulars. Molang attacked them in front, + and a powerful Indian rushed forward and made + Putnam a prisoner. The provincials were thrown into + great confusion, but were rallied by Lieutenant + Durkee, who was one of the victims of the Wyoming + massacre twenty years afterward. D'Ell, with Gage's + light infantry, behaved very gallantly, and the + rangers finally put the enemy to flight. The latter + lost about two hundred men. Colonel Prevost, then + in command at Fort Edward, sent out three hundred + men, with refreshments for the party, and all + arrived at Fort Edward on the 9th. This was the + relief-party mentioned in the text, under date of + the 8th.] + +Wed. 9th. We got in about 8 a clock & Buried the dead & the wounded +were dresd & carried over on the Island[56] Powers came up with a load +of Settlers[57] stores and treated us well. + + [Footnote 56: This is an island in the Hudson, + opposite Fort Edward, and known as Rogers's + island.] + + [Footnote 57: Sutler's.] + +Thur. 10th. I was cald out to work upon the Block house this day our +post went of home with our letters. + +Friday 11th. We went up to guard teams to Half Way Brook and to Build +a Brest Work 36 Ox teams & 6 Wagons. + +Sat. 12th. Colonel Phich[58] had a letter from Major putnom at +tiantiroge[59] he is taken prisoner.[60] + + [Footnote 58: Fitch.] + + [Footnote 59: Ticonderoga.] + + [Footnote 60: The Indian who seized Putnam tied him + to a tree, and for a time he was exposed to the + cross-fire of the combatants. His garments were + riddled by bullets, but, strange to say, not one + touched his person. He was carried away in the + retreat, his wrists tightly bound with cords. The + Indians rejoiced over the capture of their great + enemy, and he was doomed to the torture. In the + deep forest he was stripped naked, bound to a + sapling, wood was piled high around him, the + death-songs of the savages were chanted, and the + torch was applied. Just then a heavy shower of rain + almost extinguished the flames. They were again + bursting forth with fiercer intensity, when a + French officer, informed of what was going on, + darted through the crowd of yelling savages, and + released the prisoner. He was delivered to Montcalm + at Ticonderoga, then sent to Montreal, and, after + being treated kindly, was exchanged for a prisoner + taken by Colonel Bradstreet at Frontenac.] + +Son. 13th. Day the chief of our men upon duty and the rest went to +meeting the afternoon the text was in the 2nd of timothy the 1st +chapter & 10 verce. + +Mon. 14. I had nothing to du I rote a letter to John. + +Tues. 15. I was upon picit[61] guard & wet and stormy it was 1 of the +regalars whipt for sleping upon guard. + + [Footnote 61: Picket.] + +Wednesday 16. The ranjers discoverd a scout of French & com in to Fort +Edward and all that were able were ready at a minits warning to day I +sent a Letter to John Lyon. + +Thursday 17th. w, p, 31 stripes stil & Nothing to do the Liev.ts fixed +up their tents. + +Friday 18th. 6 of our men were ordered to go over to work upon the +Block House over the river I was raly tired at night. + +Saturday 19th. I washed My clothes Col fitch at Salatogue. + +Sonday 20th. We were almost all out upon duty to work at the High Ways +and in the after noon a very hard shower which sot our tents all +aflote. + +Monday 21st. I went down to Fort Mizerey[62] & I heard of John Day's +death at Saletogue this day Morris came up and we lived well. + + [Footnote 62: Fort Misery was a breastwork at the + mouth of Moses's kill, or creek, a short distance + from Fort Miller, on the east side of the Hudson.] + +Tuesday 22d. I went up the river to look for a horse Steven & I was +cald upon picit guard. + +Wednesday 23d. I went out to look oxen and was treated well 1 mans gun +went of and cut of his finger we drove out the 2 men out of the Block +House kep the great Cattle. + +Thursday, 24th. I was cald out to guard up teams and to work on the +road & had a Jil of rum for it Zachariah Catlin died at Fort Edward. + +Friday 25th. I was cald upon the quorter guard & we heard the great +guns that were fired at the Lake[63] they shot at a mark and our +Provinshals beat them & it made them very mad. + + [Footnote 63: At Fort George, at the head of Lake + George.] + +Saturday 26. David Lyon and Barnes sot out to go to Albany sick this +day they held a rigimental Court Mershal upon 3 deserters of Captain +Mathers company one William Cannody & William Clemanon were Judged to +have 1000 Lashes and to day receved 200 & 50 stripes a peace tother +was forgiven. + +Sonday 27. I was out upon the works at the great Block House we were +out of provision we drawed for 7 days & but 4 gorn so the regalers +shot Pigeons and our men did so to. + +Monday 28th. Every Private in our company was out upon duty that was +able, & about 4 a clock we came in and the orders were that every man +should make ready to fire 3 valleys[64] and first they fired the +cannon at the Fort one after tother round the Fort which is 21 then +the small arms & so 3 rounds a piece and then made a great fire on the +Perrade and played round it & 1 Jil of Rum a man aloud for the frollic +& a Barrel of Beer for a Company[65] & very wet knight. + + [Footnote 64: Volleys.] + + [Footnote 65: It was the king's birthday. The + firing of twenty-one heavy guns formed a royal + salute.] + +Tuesday 29th. Very wet in the Morning then cleared of cold I went upon +duty and sent a Letter Home. + +Friday September ye 1st. Our duty was to help git out the Cannon out +of the Bottom of the river that was dropt in by the means of going to +near the end of the Brig[66] and sunk the scows and drownd 1 ox very +cold work A woman whipt 70 stripes & drumed out of Camp. + + [Footnote 66: Bridge.] + +Saterday 2nd. I was cald upon the pickit guard to day last nite I went +down to Fort Misketor[67] & Smith Ainsworth treated us well. + + [Footnote 67: Fort Musquito was a breastwork cast + up at the mouth of Snooks' creek.] + +Sonday 3rd. I was out upon the escort and every man upon som duty I +went to meeting part of the fore noon and the text was in acts 24 & 25 +Charles Ripla was put in Ensign. + +Monday 4th. Our Post sot of home I went down to Fort Misketor to guard +teams and the Post and the Lobster's[68] and our men hopt & +rassled[69] together to see which would beat and our men Beat. + + [Footnote 68: This was a nickname for the regular + troops, who were dressed in scarlet uniforms.] + + [Footnote 69: Wrestled.] + +Tuesday 5th. Stil & Nothing strange. + +Wednesday 6th. Most all of our men upon duty I was to work a making a +road to go up to the great Block House. + +Thursday 7th. All our men out upon works guardin teams a great number +of them nigh 100 & when we came back their was a scout com in to Fort +Edward that went out from the Lake they discoverd nothing. + +Friday 8th. This day sergent Erls went out to Fort An[70] after the +Con-nu[71] & Lieut. Larnard & Ephraim Ellinghood Knap & John Richason +and Jeb Brooks & Hezekiah Carpenter they 6 of our company 40 in all +went along I went to work at the high way & had half a pint of Rum +for it. + + [Footnote 70: Fort Anne was erected in 1757, a year + before the occurrences here narrated took place. It + was a strong blockhouse of logs, with portholes for + cannon and loopholes for musketry, and surrounded + by a picket of pine-saplings. When the writer + visited the spot in 1848, he dug up the part of one + of the pickets yet remaining in the earth, and, on + splitting it, it emitted the pleasant odor of a + fresh pine-log, though ninety years had elapsed + since it was placed there. This fort was near the + bank of Wood creek, about eleven miles from the + head of Lake Champlain, at the village of + Whitehall. It was in the line of Burgoyne's march + toward the Hudson, in 1777; and near it quite a + severe skirmish took place between Colonel Long, of + Schuyler's army, and a British detachment under + Colonel Hill, on the 8th of July, the day after + Ticonderoga was abandoned to the enemy. Victory was + almost within the grasp of Colonel Long, when his + ammunition failed, and he was compelled to + retreat.] + + [Footnote 71: Canoe.] + +Saterday 9th. I was warned a quarter guard and I changed with Moses +Peak and went upon the Escort & got in by 12 a clock I was warned out +to work but did not do much sergent Erls com in with his Con-nu--and +the Jineral was much pleased with it. + +Sonday 10. I was upon guard but went to meeting a part of the fore +noon and the text was in the 24 of Acts & 25 verce & the Afternoon the +text was in James the 6th & 12 verce. + +Monday 11. I took 4 days provision & Josh Barrit and one ranjer with +me & we went out near fort An and we spied a fire and som person and +we com back and made our report to the Jeneral & he blamed us som and +said we should have a new pilot and go again. Jo Downer put under +guard. + +Tuesday 12th. I was freed from duty and we went & split out som plank +to du up our tent. + +Wednesday 13th. To work in the Fort a wheeling gravel all day 4 +regulars whipt in Fort som for gaming & one for being absent after +being warned upon guard. + +Thursday 14th. I was warned on Escort down to Mizzery[72] and flankt +all the day Tuesday 12 at night there was 2 Bonfires & 2 Barrels of +Rum aloud for the Rejoicing of Broad Street's taking Catarocrway.[73] + + [Footnote 72: Fort Misery.] + + [Footnote 73: The Indian name of the site of Fort + Frontenac (where Kingston, Upper Canada, now + stands), taken by Colonel Bradstreet, was + Cataraqua. That was also the Indian name for Lake + Ontario.] + +Friday 15th. Day I was to work over upon the Island & worked hard a +shovling dirt &c Ephraim Ellinghood taken poorly. + +Saturday 16th. Day I went to cuting fassheens[74] & stented 4 a peace +in half a day & 12 stakes. + + [Footnote 74: Fascines--bundles of sticks, mixed + with earth, and used for filling ditches in the + construction of forts.] + +Sonday 17th. All our men upon works Mr. Pomri[75] preachd 1 sermon & +his text in James Chapter 5th & 12 verce Stephen child had a post to +Albany and sot out this day one regular com in that was a fishing at +half way Brook. + + [Footnote 75: Pomeroy.] + +Monday 18th. I was to work over to the Block House and took my Farewel +of working their & all our sick were drawd up & som dischargd. + +Tuesday 19th. 4 of our company had a final discharge from the Campain +& sot of home Seth Bassit Jonathan Corbin John Peak & Silas Hoges. + +Wednesday 20th. Stil Here the main of us & Nothing remarkable only +almost all our woodstock men came up & with great Joy we recived them +& much more the things that were sent us, I receved a letter from Ben +Lyon. + +Thursday 21st. Nothing remarkable this day. + +Friday 22nd. Our Woodstock Old melisha[76] sot out home & Lieutenant +Smith & Corperal Peak & William Mercy & Samuel Leavins had a pass to +Albany and went with them along down and Many more that did not Belong +to our Company. + + [Footnote 76: Militia.] + +Saturday 23d. Our Post came up and I received a Letter from home. + +Sonday 24th. Mr. Pomry[77] preachd one sermon in the middle of the day +so that the work men might Have som opportunity to hear som his text +was in Ezekiel the 37 Chapter & 36 verce I was to work upon the Island +& I heard part of the sermon.[78] + + [Footnote 77: Pomeroy.] + + [Footnote 78: The channel between Rogers's island, + on which the great blockhouse was built, and Fort + Edward, does not exceed two hundred feet in width.] + +Monday 25. Nothing remarkable only Stephen Lyon got hurt Samuel Morris +& Chub went down along to Albany. + +Tuesday 26th. One scout went out for 3 days this day a great number of +teams came down from the Lake. + +Wednesday 27th. The Thompson men that came up to see us sot out for +newingland and sergent Cromba had a pass to Albany & went down along. + +Thursday 28th. Nothing remarkable only the scout came in that went out +for 3 days. + +Friday 29th. Nothing remarkable only very long orders &c. + +Saturday 30th. Nothing remarkable only the crissning[79] of the Royal +Block House and the whole of our rigiment that were able went over to +work and had a good frolick to drink the Men in Jeneral worked well at +the intrenching round the Block House the trench 3 foot deep. + + [Footnote 79: Christening.] + +Sonday October ye 1st. Nothing remarkable but somthing very strange, & +that is the Camps were so stil and no work going foward nor no prayers +nor no sermon & a Jil of Rum into the Bargain this we had from the +Jenerals our month promised to us yesterday Mr. Pomri went down to +Seratoga to see his son that was sick and to day he come back &c. + +Monday ye 2nd. All the rigiment that were able to work went over to +the Block House besides what wos upon guard and they were divided into +4 parties and they that got don first was to have the Best fat sheep 1 +sheep to each party I was upon the grass Guard & at night I found it +very tedious Lying out for it stormed exceding hard all night. + +Tuesday ye 3rd. Our mes being all of duty we made us up 2 Straw bunks +for 4 of us to lay in and as it hapened we did it in a good time for +it was a very cold night. + +Wednesday ye 4th. Being very cold Corperal Sanger & Eliezer Child had +a pas down to Albany & Likewise a small scout went for Number four & +we made our chimney serjant Kimbal was broke and turned into the +ranks. + +Thursday 5th. Jeneral Ambross[80] arrived at Fort Edward about 12 a +clock & immediately he went of to the Lake nothing more remarkable to +day. + + [Footnote 80: General Amherst.] + +Friday 6th. Henry Lyon and Ephraim Ellinghood poorly and cleared from +duty 3 men whipt about 3 hundred lashes apeace & 1 woman 2 & 50 +Lashes on bear rump. + +Saterday 7th. Our Picket went up toward the Half way brook to meet +jeneral Ambros[81] & about 3 a clock he arrived at Fort Edward and at +2 a clock the picket went down with him again and his wagon & 6 +horses. + + [Footnote 81: Amherst.] + +Sonday 8. In the fore noon all our men upon works in the afternoon we +were aloud to attend meeting & Mr Pomy[82] Preached one sermon & his +text was in Ezekiel 36 & 37 verce our family this day had a great +rariryty for diner and that was a Bild Puden. + + [Footnote 82: Pomeroy.] + +Monday 9. Nothing remarkable among us this day. + +Tuesday 10. I was upon Guard and a very stormy day & Night it was +orders came out strickt that all fires should be put out by 8 of the +clock in the morning and not to have no more til 6 at night & they +that dont obey the orders are to have their chimney tore down & not to +have no other during this campaign Colonel Fitch lost a Barrel of +wine. + +Wednesday 11th. Stil warm & wet som of our Rigiment discharged Home +but none of our company. + +Thursday 12. A very clear cold morning all our men upon works & upon +guard that were able Colonel Harts Rigiment of the Hampshier march +down to Fort Edward in order for Home. + +Friday 13th. All our men upon works again to day 3 dischargd vis +Richard jordin, Stephen Lyon & John Howlet, at night 300 of the Bay +men came down sick & 2 of them that carrad their packs died in the +night. + +Saturday 14th. All warned out upon works but the stormy wether defeted +them in it the Regulars which came down from the Lake with us have +orders to march next friday down along in order for their winter +quorters at Hallefax[83] this night the sentry which stood at the +Southerd of the store House spied a man a gitting of Flour and he +haild him 3 times but he would not stop and the sentry fired but did +not hit him & in his hurry he left his tom me hawk[84] & one shoe. + + [Footnote 83: Halifax, Nova Scotia.] + + [Footnote 84: Tomahawk.] + +Sonday ye 15. Very cold all upon works & guard by son rise this +evening their came in a great number of teams & Samuel Peak Brought +the malancoly news of Stephen Childs being Kilde and skulpt[85] and +another Captivated I was out upon the grass guard. + + [Footnote 85: Scalped.] + +Monday 16th. All upon works & all the teams sot of for the Lake 12 men +taken from the quorter guard to guard teams this evening there came in +a great number of waggons and hundred or better. + +Tuesday 17th. Being very pleasant in the Morning then showery & wet +all the rest of the day til 10 a clock at knight--about 12 oclock at +night the teams came in with the Artillira--this day a number of our +men went down to Fort Miller in battoes to carry the sick and Cap.ns +Bag went down & the men stayed out. + +Wednesday 18th. Being cold the teams sot out for the Lake--about 40 of +the Kings waggons--this afternoon their was a Lobster[86] Corperel +married to a Road Island whore--our men came in from Fort Miller. + + [Footnote 86: British regular.] + +Thursday 19th. Our rigiment was mustered by 9 a clock in the morning & +our Brigade-major cald over the role of each company and after that we +had a drink of flip[87] for working over at the Royal Block House--at +one of the clock our men were all calld to work--A Court morshol held +at Capt. Holmes tent & Captain Holmes President & at the role of the +Pickit guard their was one Isac Ellis whipt 30 stripes--was to had +50--Col. Henmans[88] men came in loaded with Artillira stores. + + [Footnote 87: A mixture of beer and rum, warmed by + thrusting a hot iron into it.] + + [Footnote 88: Hinman's.] + +Friday 20th. Cold stil & our men all upon works--this afternoon Lieut. +Smith came up to us again from Green Bush, & Shubal child came to his +team. + +Saturday ye 21st. Still cold--in the morning our men cald out to work +by sonrise or before & 6 of our company viz. David Bishop Ephraim +Ellingwood Samuel Mercey Nathaniel Abbott David Jewet and Drake +marched of with their Packs--this night their came down a great number +of teams from ye Lake here loded with cannon Balls and Bum shells. +Likewise a number of sick came down. + +Sonday 22. The teams set out for ye Lake again--I was upon the quarter +guard--a large number of sick sot out for Home & it yet held cold & +at night it cleared of very clear & stil but very fresing cold & a +black frost. + +Monday ye 23rd. I come of guard--Clerk Burrows began his Month with +bess--at night 3 rigiments of Province men came down from ye Lake & +Lodged in the wood near the uper Block House--a number of teames down +from ye Lake Loaded with Artilliry stores. + +Tuesday 24th. A number of teames started for ye Lake again--I received +2 Letters from Capt. Benjamin Lyon & 1 from Joshua--the Post came up +yesterday to Fort Edward--This day our drawing & we had good pork--3 +rigiments of Bay men moved down along which was Colonel Pribbels[89] +Colonel Williams & Colonel Nichols. + + [Footnote 89: Prebles.] + +Wednesday 25th. Jineral Abbacromba arived at Fort Edward near night +and all our rigiment there were of duty were ordered to be out upon +the perrade with their side arms on but the jineral for Bid it--Col.l +Partrages rigiment came down & some of the Lather caps & stayed Here. + +Thursday ye 26th. Stormy morning--snow pretty wet & raw cold--I went +upon the pickit last night and had one Quort of rum for keeping sheep. + +Friday 27th. Being lowry & wet one of our men Discharged home & sot +of--Nathaniel Barnes a number of teams sot out for the Brook & +returned again before son down. + +Saterday 28th. Being stil cold all our men turned out to work son +rise & that want a Nuf & they sent for every weighter[90] & every one +that belongs to the rigiment--a number of teams sot out down Home ward +& 3 of our company went with them viz. Sergt. Armsba Jonathan Child +and Pain Convis--this after noon the orders came out that every +setler[91] that Belongs to the Provinshols should Quit this place by +the first of November. + + [Footnote 90: Waiter.] + + [Footnote 91: Sutler.] + +Sonday ye 29th. Rany & wet--about 9 o clock in the morning Every man +in the Rigiment that could go went to the falls[92] to help Draw down +the battoes and very muddy it was. + + [Footnote 92: The "third fall," as it was called, + in the Hudson, at Sandy Hill.] + +Monday ye 30th. Being very pleasant in the morning we were all turned +out after Battoes up to the falls & we went twice apeace. + +Tuesday ye 31st. All our men turned out by the Revallies[93] Beating +to go after Battoes & jineral Provorce[94] was out amongst our tents +to help turn us out & he said it was the last work we should do that +was flung up to day--I went upon the Quarter guard at noon and they +got down all the Battoes. + + [Footnote 93: Reveille.] + + [Footnote 94: Provost.] + +Wednesday November ye 1st. Lowry & wet I come of guard our men all +upon works & 3 rigiments of our Conneticuts came down about noon & +Colonel Whitings had orders to go over to the Royal Block House and +their to remain til further orders and tother 2 rigiments Sot of +Home in Battoes & 2 or 3 rigiments of lobsters--we had orders com +out that we should have 2 days to clean up in & to set for Home on +Sonday--this day I wrote a Letter & sent to John. + +Thursday ye 2nd. Very cold--our men turned out to cutting fashheens & +the orders were that it was the last days work that we should do. + +Friday ye 3d. Very cold--our men all turned out upon works notwith +Standing yesterdays promise--our men had but poor incouragements to +work & laid but Little weight to what the jineral promised them for he +said the first man that disobeyed his orders again should be shot to +death whatsoever soldier or officer. + +Saturday 4th. I was orderly after the jineral & our men all to work a +drawing in Canon into the fort & our quorter guard was not releaved +til after noon & after that orders com out that we should strike our +tents by 8 oclock and be ready to march by 9--one Cimbals got his +discharge from the regular service to day. + +Sonday ye 5th. Being very cold it began to rain so that we were +detained but Colonel Whiting Marched of--rainy all day Long--we had +orders to be ready to march at 7 Oclock in the morning. + +Monday ye 6th. Cloudy stil--at 8 Oclock we struck our tents & at 9 +aclock we marched of & about half after 12 we arrivd at Fort Miller +and made a little stop then marched again and arived at Saratoga Son +about one hour high & made no stop their but marched on about 3 mile +& Encampt in the woods. + +Friday ye 10th. Very stormy & snow in the Morning--we drawd 2 days +alowance of provissions but no money and about 2 o clock we sot out +from Green Bush & arivd at Cantihook Town about ten a clock at +knight--13 of us & Lieutenant Larnard. + +Saturday 11th. From thence we marched son two Hours high & arivd at +John Hug gar Booms[95] & revived our selves a little & bought som rum +that belonged to Colonel Whitens Rigiment & from thence to Love Joys & +went to supper & from thence to Robberses & lodged their in the +Patterroon lands.[96] + + [Footnote 95: Hogeboom's.] + + [Footnote 96: See note 8.] + +Sonday 12th. Being stil cold we sot out at Son rise & arived at Bushes +in Sheffield and had a good brecfirst & their was moore with Horses & +from thence to Larrances & revivd our selves their--to Coles & thence +to Seggick in Cornwel & then to Wilcocks in Goshen & Lodged their. + +Monday 13th. Cold--I com up to Holleboate & sent my Pack a long from +goshen & then we marched and arived at Litchfield & then to Herrintown +to Wiers & from their to Strongs in Farmingtown & Lodged their. + +Tuesday 14th. Very cold & frosty--marched 5 mile through the Meadows & +went to Brecfast and com to Mercies and stayed their & capt.n Holmes +came up. + +Wednesday 15th. We marched & arived at Chenys in Bolton and from +thence we marched and Arived at Lees in covantry[97] & Lodged +their--very rainy Stephen Lyon met us with the Horses. + + [Footnote 97: Coventry.] + +Thursday 16th. Being warm & pleasant we arived at Woodstock. + + NOTE.--The soldiers had, necessarily, a great deal of leisure + during permanent camp-duties, and contrived various ways to amuse + themselves, and "kill time." In those days the common soldiers + carried their powder in the horns of cows or oxen, and many + amused themselves by ornamenting them by a skilful use of their + knives. Below is a specimen of one of these ornamented horns, + prepared during the campaign of 1758. Upon it is neatly cut the + figure of a fortified building (a part of which is seen in the + engraving), the owner's name, and a verse, as follows:-- + + "Eluathan Ives His Horn, Made at Lake George, September ye 22d, + Ad. 1758. + + "I, powder, With My Brother Baul + A Hero like do Conquer All. + Steel not this Horn For Fear of Shame + For on it is the Oners name. + The Roos is Red, the Grass is Green-- + The Days Are past Which I Have Seen" + +[Illustration: Horn] + + + + +A JOURNAL FOR 1775, A. D. + + + + +INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. + + +The following is a literal transcript of a Journal kept by a common +soldier named SAMUEL HAWS, of Wrentham, Massachusetts, who appears to +have been one of the _minute-men_, organized toward the close of 1774 +and early in 1775. At that time there were about three thousand +British troops in Boston, under General Thomas Gage, who was also +governor of the colony of Massachusetts. He was popularly regarded as +an oppressor; and act after act of the British government, during a +year preceding, had convinced the American people that they must +choose the alternative to submit or fight. They resolved to fight, if +necessary. During the summer of 1774, the people commenced arming, and +training themselves in military exercises; the manufacture of arms and +gunpowder was encouraged; and throughout Massachusetts, in particular, +the people were enrolled in companies, and prepared to take up arms at +a moment's warning. From this circumstance they were called +"MINUTE-MEN." + +With his strong force, Gage felt quite certain that he could suppress +the threatened insurrection, and keep the people quiet. Yet he felt +uneasy concerning the gathering of ammunition and stores by the +patriots at Concord, sixteen miles from Boston; and on the night of +the 18th of April, 1775, he sent a detachment of soldiers to seize +them. They proceeded by the way of Lexington, where they arrived +at dawn of the 19th. The expedition became known, and the country was +aroused. When the British approached Lexington, they were confronted +by about seventy minute-men. A skirmish ensued: eight patriots were +killed, and several were wounded. _That was the first bloodshed of the +Revolution._ The British then went on to Concord, to seize the stores, +where they were again confronted by minute-men. Indeed, they had been +annoyed all the way by them, as they fired from behind buildings, +stone-walls, and trees. They destroyed the stores, and in a skirmish +killed several more American citizens. The country was now thoroughly +aroused, and the minute-men hastened toward Lexington and Concord from +all directions. The British found it necessary to retreat, and nothing +saved the whole troop sent out the night before from utter +destruction, but a strong reinforcement under Lord Percy. The whole +body retreated hastily to Charlestown, and across to Boston, with a +loss, in killed and wounded, of two hundred and seventy-three men. +Intelligence of the tragedy soon spread over the country, and from the +hills and valleys of New England thousands of men, armed and unarmed, +hastened toward Boston, and formed that force (of which our Journalist +was one) that, for nine months, kept the British army prisoners upon +the peninsulas of Boston and Charlestown. By common consent, +Artemas Ward, a soldier of the French and Indian war, was made +commander-in-chief, and he performed the duties of that office with +zeal until he was superseded by Washington, early in July, 1775. + + + + +A JOURNAL FOR 1775. + +[Illustration: A Journal for 1775 in Wrentham April the 19 Samuel Haws +FAC-SIMILE OF A PORTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT JOURNAL.] + + +WRENTHAM,[98] April the 19. + +About one a clock the minute men[99] were alarmed and met at Landlord +Moons We marched from there the sun about half an our high towards +Roxbury for we heard that the regulars had gone out and had killed six +men and had wounded Some more that was at Lexinton then the kings +troops proceded to concord and there they were Defeated and Drove Back +fiting as they went they gat to charlstown hill that night[100] We +marched to headens at Walpole[101] and their got a little refreshment +and from their we marched to Doctor cheneys and their we got some +victuals and Drink and from thence we marched to Landlord clises +at Dedham[102] and their captain parson and company joined us and then +we marched to Jays and their captain Boyd and company joined us and we +marched to Landlord Whitings we taried their about one hour and then +we marched to richardes and Searched the house and found Ebenezer +aldis and one pery who we supposed to Be torys and we searched them +and found Several Letters about them which they were a going to cary +to Nathan aldis in Boston but makeing them promis reformation We let +them go home then marching forward we met colonel graton[103] +returning from the engagement which was the Day before and he Said +that he would be with us amediately then we marched to Jamicai +plain[104] their we heard that the regulars Were a coming over the +neck[105] then we striped of our coats and marched on with good +courage to Colonel Williams and their we heard to the contrary We +staid their some time and refreshed our Selves and then marched to +Roxbury parade and their we had as much Liquor as we wanted and every +man drawd three Biscuit which were taken from the regulars[106] the +day before which were hard enough for flints We lay on our arms until +towards night and then we repaired to Mr. Slaks house and at night Six +men were draughted out for the main guard nothing strange that night. + + [Footnote 98: In Norfolk county, Massachusetts, + thirty-two miles southwest from Boston.] + + [Footnote 99: See introductory remarks. The + skirmishes at Lexington and Concord occurred early + in the morning of this day.] + + [Footnote 100: See introductory remarks.] + + [Footnote 101: Twenty-one miles from Boston.] + + [Footnote 102: Thirteen miles from Boston.] + + [Footnote 103: Colonel John Greaton. He was a bold + officer, and commanded a corps which performed a + sort of ranger service. At this time he was only a + major. In June following he carried off about eight + hundred sheep and lambs, and some cattle, from Deer + island. About that time he was promoted to the rank + of colonel. In the middle of July, he led one + hundred and thirty-six men, in whaleboats, to + destroy forage and other property on Long island, + in Boston harbor; and at one time he captured a + barge belonging to a British man-of-war. In April, + 1776, he accompanied General Thompson to Canada. He + was promoted to the rank of brigadier in the + continental army, in January, 1783.] + + [Footnote 104: Jamaica Plain, six miles from + Boston.] + + [Footnote 105: The isthmus that connected the + peninsula of Boston with the main, at Roxbury.] + + [Footnote 106: The British soldiers were all called + regulars. This word denotes soldiers belonging to + the regular army, as distinguished from militia.] + +D 21. Nothing remarkable this day. + +D 22. Nothing Strange this D nor comical. + +D 23. Being Sabath day we marched on to the parade their was an alarm +this night but it prouved to be a falce one Some of our men went to +Weymoth.[107] + + [Footnote 107: Twelve miles southeast from Boston.] + +D 24. Nothing strange to day. + +D 25. Nothing remarkable to day. + +D 26. We were guarded and a party draughted out for the mane guard. + +D 27. The inlistment came out to inlist men for the masechusetts +Service Some of our minute men inlisted the Same day but captain Pond +went home and several of his company they went as far as Doctor +cheanys that night and the next morning reached home on monday the +company were called together in order to inlist men Lietunant +messenger with a party went down to Roxbury and we Still remaing in +Mr. Slaks house also on the same day their war four tories caried +throug roxbury[108] to cambrigg[109] from marshfield[110] and their +was a great Shouting when they came through the camp.[111] + + [Footnote 108: One mile from Boston.] + + [Footnote 109: Three miles northwest from Boston.] + + [Footnote 110: Thirty-one miles southeast from + Boston.] + + [Footnote 111: Tories were those who adhered to the + British. It is a name derived from the vocabulary + of English politics in the time of Charles II. A + _tory_, then, was an adherent of the crown; a + _whig_ was an opposer of the government. The word + was first used in America about 1770.] + +D 28. This day our regement paraded and went through the manuel +exesise then we grounded our firelocks and every man set down by their +arms and one abial Petty axedentely discharged his peace and shot two +Balls through the Body of one asa cheany through his Left side and +rite rist he Lived about 24 hours and then expired he belonged to +Walpole[112] and he was caried their and Buried on the 30 day of April +on Sunday after meting this young man was but a few days Before fired +at by one main guard in atempting to pass the guard and was not hurt +in the least. + + [Footnote 112: Twenty-one miles southwest from + Boston.] + +D 29. About nine o clock the said cheney died about fore in the +afternoon We had another alarm but their was nothing done. + +30th. Being the Lord's day we went to meeting and heard Mr. Adams[113] +and he preached a very Sutable Sermon for the ocation. + + [Footnote 113: Rev. Amos Adams, a minister at + Roxbury. He was a graduate of Harvard college. He + died of dysentery, which prevailed in the camp, at + Dorchester, on the 5th of October, 1775, in the + forty-eighth year of his age.] + + +MAY. + +1d. Nothing very remarkable this day. + +2d-11. Nothing of consequence hapened. + +12-14. No great for news. + +15, 16. No news worth mentioning. + +17. At night their was a fire broke out in Boston ocationed by the +kings troops that were a dealing out their Stores when one of the +Soldiers letting a candle fall amongst some powder and set it on fire +which ocationed the Destruction of a great number of Buildings and +killed some Soldiers and destroyed a considerable deal of their +amunition Besides a great quantity of flower. + +18, 19. Nothing very remarkable. + +20. Nothing strange to day. + +21. Being Sunday about eight o clock we were alarmed we heard that the +regulars were a landing at Dorchester Point and that there was two +Lighters gone to Weymoth Loaded with the Kings troops but it was a +false alarm and their was nothing done.[114] + + [Footnote 114: On Sunday morning, the 21st of May, + the British commander sent two sloops and an armed + schooner to take off a quantity of hay from Grape + island. They were opposed by the people who + gathered on the point nearest the island. These + finally got two vessels afloat, went to the island, + drove the British off, burnt eighty tons of hay, + and brought off many cattle. There was some severe + fighting during the affair. Mrs. John Adams, + writing to her husband, said: "You inquire who were + at the engagement at Grape island. I may say with + truth, all of Weymouth, Braintree, and Hingham, who + were able to bear arms.... Both your brothers were + there; your younger brother with his company, who + gained honor by their good order that day. He was + one of the first to venture on board a schooner, to + land upon the island." Mr. Adams was then in the + Continental Congress, at Philadelphia.] + +22. Nothing to day for news. + +23-26. Nothing remarkable. + +the 27. At night we heard the report of cannon and of Small arms but +we could not tell from whence it was.[115] + + [Footnote 115: On Saturday, May 27th, a detachment + of Americans was sent to drive all the live stock + from Hog and Noddle's islands, near Boston. They + were observed by the British, who despatched a + sloop, a schooner, and forty marines, to oppose + them. They were fired on from the vessels, and + quite severe skirmishing continued through the + night. The Americans sent for reinforcements, and, + at about nine o'clock at night, some three hundred + men and two pieces of cannon arrived, commanded by + General Putnam in person, and accompanied by Dr. + Warren as a volunteer. They compelled the British + to abandon their sloop, and the Americans took + possession of it. The British lost twenty killed + and fifty wounded. The Americans had none killed, + and only four wounded. They captured twelve swivels + and four four-pound cannon, besides clothing and + money.] + +the 28. Being Sunday we were informed that the firing we heard +yesterday was at Nedlers[116] Island between the Kings troops and our +men, our men killed several of them and took a number of field pieces +and burnt two Schooners and they did not hurt any of our men. + + [Footnote 116: Noddle's.] + +the 29. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 30. Captain Ponds company moved to comodore Lorings house.[117] + + [Footnote 117: Probably the house of Joshua Loring, + jr., near Roxbury, who was a violent loyalist. + General Gage made him sole auctioneer in Boston. He + was afterward commissary of prisoners in New York. + His wife is referred to in Hopkinson's poem, "_The + Battle of the Kegs_."] + +the 31. Being election day we drank the Ladies health and success. + +June the 1. Nothing remarkable hapened this day. + +the 2-8. Nothing remarkable hapened. + +the 9. We passed muster Before colonel Robinson[118] and received one +months pay. + + [Footnote 118: Colonel John Robinson, who was + second in command in the skirmish at Concord on the + 19th of April. He commanded the detachment that + guarded Boston neck, for some time. Speaking of + that duty, Gordon remarks: "The colonel was + obliged, therefore, for the time mentioned, to + patrol the guards every night, which gave him a + round of nine miles to traverse."] + +the 10. Their was a man Whiped for Stealing. + +the 11. Their was a soldier died at the hospittle which was the first +that had died of Sickness since we incampt the same day their was two +fire Ships[119] drumed out of the rhodisland compy. + + [Footnote 119: Harlots.] + +the 12. Nothing Strange this day. + +the 13. Dito. + +the 14. The general[120] seing the reinforcement of the Kings troops +come to Boston ordered the comps to be in readeness also ordered that +a number of teams be imploid in carting fusheens[121] and other +materials for building Brest Works this being on thursday. + + [Footnote 120: General Thomas, who had command of + the right wing, extending from Roxbury to + Dorchester. General Artemas Ward was the + commander-in-chief until the arrival of Washington, + early in July.] + + [Footnote 121: Fascines. See note 74.] + +the 15. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 16. Nothing of consiquence this day. + +the 17. It being Saturday the Kings troops Landed at charlestown and +set the whole town on fire and Laid it all in ashes then they +proceeded to Bunkers hill[122] where colonel putnam intrenchet and +after an engagement which Lasted the afternoon the troops took the +Hill and it is said that the nearest computation of the Loss of the +enemy was about 1500 is killed and wounded were alarmed about one o +clock that day and went down to our alarm post and we lay their all +the afternoon and about six o clock the troops fired from their Brest +Work on Boston neck at our people in Roxbury and we staid until the +firing was over and then our regiment was ordered to cambridge to +asist our forces and we reached their about twelve o clock at night +and Lodged in the meting house until break of day being Sunday +we turned out and marched to prosket hill[123] expecting to come +to an ingagement we halted at a house at the bottom of the hill +and fixed for a battle then we marched up the hill where we went to +intrenching about 12 o clock Some of our men went down the hill +towards the troops after Some flower and the troops fired at them and +wounded David Trisdale in the shoulder and another in the Leg about 4 +o clock colonel Reed[124] ordered his regiment to march to roxbury and +we arived their about sunset very weary. + + [Footnote 122: This is a mistake. It was Breed's + hill, nearer Charlestown and Boston than Bunker's + hill. Colonel William Prescott, and not General + Putnam, was entrenched there, and was in command + during the engagement. He had been sent with a + company, the night before, about a thousand strong, + to throw up a redoubt on Bunker's hill. He made a + mistake, and performed the work on Breed's hill. + The British had no suspicion of the work that went + on during that sultry June night, and were greatly + alarmed when they saw a formidable breastwork + overlooking their shipping in the harbor, and + menacing the city. During the engagement, General + Putnam was on Bunker's hill, urging on + reinforcements for Prescott. Dr. Warren, just + appointed major-general, joined Prescott as a + volunteer during the battle, and was mortally + wounded just as the conflict ended. It must be + remembered that the writer of this Journal was in + General Thomas's division, which did not + participate in the battle of the 17th of June.] + + [Footnote 123: Prospect hill. The Americans + retreated from Breed's and Bunker's hills to Winter + and Prospect hills, and Cambridge. The remains of + the American entrenchments on Prospect hill were + demolished in 1817.] + + [Footnote 124: Colonel James Reed, of New + Hampshire. He was active in the battle of the 17th. + He was a brave officer, and was at the head of a + regiment at Ticonderoga the following year.] + +the 19. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 20. Dito. + +the 21. Nothing worth a mentioning. + +the 22. Dito. + +the 23. Nothing remarkable to day. + +the 24. The enemy fired again upon Roxbury about 3 o clock and the +guards fired upon each other and their was one man killed and we were +alarmed.[125] + + [Footnote 125: The Americans were alarmed on the + 24th by indications that the whole British army in + Boston was about to force its way across Boston + neck. At noon they commenced throwing bombshells + into Roxbury, but the alert soldiers prevented + damage from them, and saved the town. Colonel + Miller, of Rhode Island, said in a letter--"Such + was the courage of our men, that they would go and + take up a burning carcass or bomb, and take out the + fuse!"] + +the 25. Sunday Nothing remarkable. + +the 26. This morning very early our men went to set Browns house on +fire but did not efect it.[126] + + [Footnote 126: The house and barns of Thomas Brown + were on the neck, about a mile from Roxbury + meeting-house, and were occupied by the British + advanced guard. Two Americans tried to set fire to + the barn on the 24th, and were killed.] + +the 27. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 28. We moved to a little house that capt Bligs formerly Lived in +but we Soon moved from there to Slaks house again. + +the 29. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 30. Nothing hapened only there was a Smart shower. + + +JULY. + +the 1. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 2. Dito.[127] + + [Footnote 127: The British again hurled some shells + into Roxbury on Sunday, the 2d of July, but the + extent of the damage was setting fire to one house, + which was consumed.] + +the 3. Dito.[128] + + [Footnote 128: George Washington was chosen + commander-in-chief of the continental armies on the + 15th of June, 1775. He set out for the headquarters + of the army at Cambridge on the 21st, reached there + on the 2d of July, and took formal command of the + army on the morning of the 3d.] + +the 4. Their was a flag of truce come out of town to our centry on the +neck. + +the 5. Nothing worth a mentioning to day. + +the 6. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 7. Early in the morning we were alarmed and all of us repaired to +our alarm Post and we had not been their Long before we Saw Browns +house and Barn on fire and they were both consumed[129] these were Set +on fire by some of our brave ameracans and they took one gun and too +Bagonets and one halbert. + + [Footnote 129: A party of volunteers, under Majors + Tupper and Crane, attacked the British advanced + guards, drove them in, and set fire to Brown's + house. They took several muskets, and retreated + without loss.] + +the 8, 9. Nothing remarkable. + +the 10. About Eleven o clock their was a party of Soldier sent to +germantown[130] to get some whale Boats they marched down their that +night the next night being clear they set out for Long island and +arived there in a Short time then they Plundred the island and took +from thence 19 head of horned cattle and a number of Sheep and three +Swine[131] also eighteen priseners and amongst them were three women. + + [Footnote 130: It is impossible to identify this + place. A letter, dated on the 12th, says, "We have + just got, over land from Cape Cod, a large fleet of + whaleboats," &c., &c. The place alluded to in the + text was probably near Boston.] + + [Footnote 131: This party went from Roxbury camp. + The report says that they brought from Long island + "fifteen prisoners, two hundred sheep, nineteen + cattle, thirteen horses, and three hogs." The + prisoners were taken to Concord.] + +the 11. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 12. Major Tupper and his company returned to Roxbury with their +prisoners and the same day their was a Party draughted out to go to +Long island to burn the Buildings their when they were atacked by the +Kings troops and had a smart engagement[132] but we Lost but one man +and he belonged to Captain Persons company of Stoughton.[133] + + [Footnote 132. The party under Colonel Greaton, + mentioned in a preceding note.] + + [Footnote 133: Twenty miles south from Boston.] + +the 13. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 14. Nothing remarkable untill night and then their was a man +killed at the main guard with a canon Ball. + +the 15-17. Nothing remarkable. + +the 18. Nothing remarkable this day.[134] + + [Footnote 134: A strong party of Americans took + possession of an advanced post in Roxbury, upon + which the British kept up an incessant fire.] + +the 19. We had an alarm and we went to our alarm Post and stayed their +about one hour and could not discover any thing and so we returned to +our Baracks again. + +the 20. Their was a man killed who belonged to captain Bachelors +company in Col Reeds Regiment he was killed by a guns going +accidentely of, he was shot about Seven o clock and died about nine o +clock the same night his name was Wood Belonged to upton[135] he was +about 24 or 25 years of age.[136] + + [Footnote 135: Upton is thirty-five miles southwest + from Boston.] + + [Footnote 136: The 20th was observed throughout the + camps as a day of fasting and prayer. Before + daylight that morning, a party from Heath's + regiment landed on Nantasket point, set fire to the + lighthouse, and brought away a thousand bushels of + barley and a quantity of hay.] + +the 21-24. Nothing remarkable. + +the 25. Our Regement with four more were under arms and marched +towards cambridg to meet general Ward. + +the 26. General Heaths regement moved from Dorchester to cambridg and +Jeneral Wards regement moved from cambridg to Dorchester and took +general Heath's Baracks. + +the 27. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 28. Dito. + +the 29. Nothing bad. + +the 30. Being Sunday we had an alarm and went to our Fort[137] the +same day there was a party of men draughted out to go to the Light +house and major tupper was comander of the party.[138] + + [Footnote 137: This was a very strong quadrangular + work, on the highest eminence in Roxbury. It had + four bastions, and in every respect was a regular + work. It is now well preserved, the embankments + being from six to fifteen feet in height from + without.] + + [Footnote 138: On that day the British, five + hundred strong, marched over the neck, and built a + slight breastwork to cover their guard. The + American camp was in alarm all the day, and that + night the troops lay on their arms. The tories in + Boston were also alarmed, for they dreaded an + invasion of the city by their exasperated + countrymen.] + +the 31. This day major tupper and his men returned to Roxbury with +between thirty and forty prisoners some regulars and some torys and +some mariens[139] and had something of a battle and we lost one man +and another wounded and our men Burnt the Light house and took some +plunder[140] thar was an alarm the firing began first at the floating +Battery and then at the Brest Work and then the troops marched out and +set the george tavern[141] on fire our men took one prisoner and the +same night one of the enemy deserted and came to our centrys at +Dorchester point and brought away with him too guns and too cartridg +Boxes and 60 rounds of cartridgs all in good order and their was +several more deserted to cambridg the same night. + + [Footnote 139: Marines.] + + [Footnote 140: The British commenced rebuilding the + lighthouse on Nantasket point. Major Tupper, with + three hundred men, attacked the working-party, + killed ten or twelve men, and took the rest + prisoners. He then demolished the works, but, + before he could leave, some armed boats came to + oppose him. In the skirmishing that ensued, + fifty-three of the British were killed or captured. + Tupper lost one man killed, and two wounded.] + + [Footnote 141: A party of British troops sallied + out toward Roxbury, drove in the American pickets, + and burned the tavern which was situated upon the + portion of the neck nearest Roxbury.] + + +AUGUST DOMINA 1775. + +the 1. The floating Battery[142] went up towards Brookline fort[143] +then our men perceiving her move they began to fire at her out of +colonel Reeds fort untill they drove her back to her old place the +same day they fired from Roxbury hill fort and it was said that they +fired through their Baracks. + + [Footnote 142: When the British built their + breastwork on the neck, the Sunday previous, they + had a floating battery brought into Charles river, + and moored it within three hundred yards of + Sewall's point.] + + [Footnote 143: The Brookline fort was on Sewall's + point, between Roxbury and Cambridge. It commanded + the entrance to Charles river.] + +the 2. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 3. Dito. + +the 4. Nothing remarkable to day only I went to the main guard and the +enemy fired at us as we came up. + +the 5. Dito. + +the 6. Being Sunday nothing remarkable at night I went on the piquet +guard. + +the 7. Nothing strange. + +the 8. Dito. + +the 9. Nothing remarkable this day only I went upon fatigue. + +the 10. Nothing strange We had a great rain. + +the 11. Their was three men whipt for deserting they were whipt ten +stripes apiece they belonged to the conecticut forces. + +the 12. Nothing remarkable to day I went upon fatigue to +Dorchester.[144] + + [Footnote 144: The village and church of Dorchester + was four miles from Boston. The heights of + Dorchester are in what is now called South Boston.] + +the 13. Being Sunday we went to Hear Mr. Willard[145] and after Meting +our Men went to Entrench down at the George tavern and About Brake of +day they got Hom. + + [Footnote 145: Joseph Willard, D.D., who was made + president of Harvard college in December, 1781. He + died in New Bedford, in 1804, at the age of + sixty-four years.] + +14. Their was Nothing Remarcable I went upon fatigue down to the +George tavern. + +15. Two Oclock this Afternoon when the Lobsters[146] fired on our +guards which was returned by our Roxbury fort the fireing was +continued for some time but how much to their Damag we dont know one +of our men was slitely wounded their fireing was from a floating +Batery and it is thought would have killed one or too men if they had +not have Lain down for the Ball passed within about 4 foot of our +Barack the night passed without any alarm. + + [Footnote 146: A nickname given to the British + regulars, on account of their red suits. They were + so called in England, as early as the time of Queen + Anne.] + +the 16. This day they fired at our main guard but no material Damage +was done the remaining part of their mallice seemed to be postponed to +a future season our american guard kept their ground and the night +passed without any alarm &c. &c. + +the 17. About nine Oclock the enemy fired upon our main guard and +fatigue men they through 4 Balls and 2 Bombs and one of the Balls +struck 2 guns which belonged to the main guard and the men had them on +their Shoulders but did not hurt them much. + +the 18. Behold their Spite this morning before the sun rise the enemy +fired at our working party on the neck this side the george tavern our +rifle men fired at them and it is thought killed too of them but +notwithstanding all their fireing of balls and bombs though some of +them came so near that it could hardly be called an escape yet their +was not one man wounded on our side one bomb was thrown in the evening +but did no Damage one of the enemy came to our centrys and is now in +our guard house. + +the 19. I went upon fatigue the morning began with fireing from the +wicked enemy at our guard but did no hurt in the afternoon they rifle +men fired at the enemy and they enemy at them and they wounded one of +the rifle men in the foot Slitely but what Damage we did them is +uncertain let this Suffice for a short acount of the tranactions of +the 19 day. + +the 20. I went upon the main guard at night our boats went up with in +gun Shot of the comon[147] and alarmed them by fireing Several guns +and then returned without any Loss on our side. + + [Footnote 147: The large park, known as Boston + Common, extended down to the water's edge, before + the flats were filled in.] + +the 21. Nothing remarkable hapened this day at night one of the enemy +deserted and came to us. + +the 22. We paraded nothing remarkable I went down to the piquet. + +the 23, 24. Nothing remarkable. + +the 25. A flag of truce came out of town but for what I dont know. + +the 26. This morning their was a man ran away from the floating +battery. + +the 27. Being Sunday but they make such a fireing over at Bunkers hill +that it seems to be more Like the Kings birth day than Sunday but what +Sucksess they have had we are not able to determine but we heard that +they killed too men and wounded 3 or 4 four more[148] + + [Footnote 148: About nine o'clock on Sunday + morning, the 27th, the British opened a heavy + cannonade from Bunker's hill (where they had built + a strong redoubt), and from a ship and floating + battery in Mystic river. The firing was directed + upon the American works on Winter, Prospect, and + Ploughed hills. They continued to bombard these + works daily until the 10th of September.] + +the 28. But they still hold up their firing at Bunkers hill nothing +more remarkable this day. + +the 29. I went upon the piquet down to the george tavern and the enemy +fired several small arms at us but did us no Damage. + +the 30. Very rainy nothing extraordinary this day. + +the 31. Nothing extraordinary this day only it was rainy at night +Lieutenant Foster and four men went down to the piquet.[149] + + [Footnote 149: There was a famous tree in Boston, + under which the patriots had often held meetings + since the time of the stamp-act excitement. On that + account it was called "Liberty-Tree." It was a + noble elm, and stood at the corner of the present + Washington and Essex streets. On the 31st of + August, 1775, the British cut it down, with no + apparent motive but the indulgence of petty spite. + An eye-witness of the event says: "After a long + spell of laughing and grinning, sweating, swearing, + and foaming, with malice diabolical, they cut down + a tree, because it bore the name of liberty." A + tory soldier was killed by its fall. A poet of the + day wrote:-- + + "A tory soldier, on its topmost limb-- + The Genius of the Shade looked stern at him, + And marked him out that same hour to dine + Where unsnuffed lamps burn low at Pluto's shrine. + Then tripped his feet from off their cautious stand: + Pale turned the wretch--he spread each helpless hand, + But spread in vain--with headlong force he fell, + Nor stopped descending till he stopped in hell!"] + + +SEPTEM. + +the 1. This morning very early just past one o clock the enemy began +to fire from their Brest Work and their floating batery which +ocationed an alarm their fireing Semed to be at our main guard and +piquet they fired a number of guns and threw several bombs and they +were permitted to kill too men the one belongd to Col Huntingtons[150] +Regement and the other belonged to col Davidsons Regement and one of +the riflemen was slitely wounded but see the Providence of god in it +when 6 or 7 hundred men were before the mouths of their canon there +was but too men killed We should not have thought it strange if they +had killed 20 considering the Situation that they were in too of the +regulars centrys deserted about a hour before the firing began this +was the smartest fireing that ever has been this campaign in the +afternoon they fired upon our fatigue party but did no Damage also +about Sunset there was several guns fired on board the Ships there was +several Ships came in to the harbour thus far the proceding of the 1 +day. + + [Footnote 150: Colonel Jedediah Huntington, of + Norwich, Connecticut. The British now seemed + determined to make a general assault upon the + besiegers, and a heavy cannonade was opened + simultaneously upon the Americans at Roxbury and in + the vicinity of Cambridge.] + +the 2. I went down to the right hand of the burying place and we had +not been their Long before we were ordered of and the canon began to +play upon the enemy from Roxbury fort on the hill and the field peices +from the brest work in the thicket the ocation of our mens fireing +upon them was this they had advanced about 30 or 40 rods this side +their other brest work on the neck and were intrenching their[151] +they fired several guns at us but did us no Damage in the afternoon we +went down to our work again expecting every moment when they would +fire at us but they never fired one gun in the afternoon at night thir +was a platform caried down to the thicket in order to mount a canon +their Nothing more remarkable to day. + + [Footnote 151: They threw up a slight breastwork a + little in advance of their lines on the neck, and + not far from the George tavern.] + +the 3. Being Sunday we turned out about day and went to our alarm post +and it rained and we cam home and John coleman drinkt 3 pints cyder at +one draught nothing more remarkable this day. + +the 4. We turned out this morning before day and went to our alarm +post nothing remarkable this day at night I went upon the piquet down +to Lambs Dam[152] nothing more remarkable. + + [Footnote 152: Lamb's dam was between Roxbury and + Dorchester. There the Americans completed a strong + work on the 10th of September, and mounted four + eighteen-pounders.] + +the 5. Nothing remarkable only Benjamin Mc Lain sent home 10 Letters +at one draught by Lieutenant Bacon and Lieutenant Foster had Likt to +have been put under guard for playing ball. + +the 6. Nothing remarkable this day at Night our men went down below +the george tavern for a safe guard for the centrys. + +the 7. We turned out early this morning and went to our alarm post and +had a smart scrimmage[153] with no enemy and this day I went upon the +creek guard several Ships sailed out of the harbour old White was +buried and their was much joy.[154] + + [Footnote 153: Skirmish.] + + [Footnote 154: We can not explain this local + allusion.] + +the 8. Came of the creek guard and nothing remarkable hapned onely +they enemy fired at our fatigue party but did no damage at night upon +the door guard. + +the 9. In the morning the enemy fired upon our fatigue party but did +them no Damage in the afternoon I went upon fatigue at night our men +caried Several canon down into the thicket to the brest works +their.[155] + + [Footnote 155: The breastworks in the thicket were + the Roxbury lines of fortifications in advance of + the fort.] + +the 10. Being Sunday our men went on fatigue and the enemy fired upon +them and broke three guns that were paraded but hurt no man at night +their was a man deserted from cambridg and went to the enemy. + +the 11. We turned out and went to our alarm post and Ensign Parot +shook one of his men for disobying orders this day their was a boat +drove ashore belonging to the regulars and a Seargent and 5 men on +board and they were all taken prisoners at night I went upon the +piquet and was almost frozen to Death. + +the 12. Our men went down to Lambs Dam to entrenching not above half a +mile from the enemys brest work but nothing remarkable hapened. + +the 13. Colonel Clap officer of the day our men took this day 26 +prisoners in mistick[156] river as we heard. + + [Footnote 156: Mystic.] + +the 14. This morning I went upon fatigue down in the Street[157] and +the enemy fired one shot at us and struck the brest work but did no +Damage captain Pond[158] comanded of the party. + + [Footnote 157: The road leading from Roxbury across + the neck into Boston.] + + [Footnote 158: Captain Pond was from New Hampshire, + and was an officer in Colonel Stark's regiment.] + +the 15. Their was a regular and too men of wars men[159] ran away Last +night and this morning nothing more remarkable their was 3 guns fired +on board the Ship in cambridg Bay. + + [Footnote 159: From the vessels known as + men-of-war.] + +the 16. Nothing remarkable hapened only the regulars fired several +Shot at our men that were upon fatigue but did no Damage. + +the 17. Being Sunday I went upon the fatigue and the enemy fired +several times at our men but did no Damage and they threw several +Bombs. + +the 18. I came of the creek guard and the enemy fired several canon at +our men but killed none and onely wounded one or too slitely and Last +night their was several men ran away from a man of war and toward +night the enemy fired several Shots from the Ship in cambridg bay and +our men fired one Shot from Prospect hill at the Ship in the Bay but +did not strike her. + +the 19. The enemy began to fire about eight oclock into the street but +did no damage except slitely wounding one or too at night I went upon +the piquet and Nothing remarkable hapened also their was a man put +under guard for comeing on to the parade Drunk. + +the 20. Nothing remarkable hapened this day the enemy fired one shot +at our fatigue party but did no damage they fired over at Bunkers hill +and threw several Bombs. + +the 21. Last night I was on the door guard and this morning the enemy +fired small arms at our men but did no Damage in the afternoon they +fired canon but to no purpose. + +the 22. Last night I was upon the door guard this being the Kings +crownation[160] the enemy fired a number of canon and toward night +they put in balls but did no damage. + + [Footnote 160: Coronation. George III. and his wife + Charlotte were crowned on the 22d of September, + 1761. It was always a holyday next to that of the + king's birthday.] + +the 23. I went upon fatigue down in the street and the Enemy began to +fire at us about 9 oclock and fired without intermition for some time +bie the best acounts they fired above one hundred balls and our men +fired 3 canon from our brest work near Lams Damb and one of the balls +went into Boston amongst the housen but through the good hand of +Devine providence in all their firing they did not kill one man nor +wound any except one or too slitely.[161] + + [Footnote 161: Frothingham says: "On the 23d, the + British discharged one hundred and eight cannon and + mortars on the works at Roxbury without doing any + damage."] + +the 24. Being Sunday we went to meting and heard a fine Sermon from +psalms 14-11 this day our men went on fatigue as usual but the enemy +did not fire upon them. + +the 25. I went on fatigue down in the thicket in the forenoon and at +noon I was taken not well and did not go in the afternoon our men +fired three field peices at the enemy but what execution they did we +canot determine nothing more. + +the 26. Nothing remarkable hapened this day onely their was 200 men +draughted out to go to the governors Island to take some cattle. + +the 27. Our men went to the Island and took 12 head of Cattle and 2 +horses and came of without any Molestation[162] at night I went upon +the piquet and it rained very hard and we turnd in to the housen and +La their Colonel Clap[163] was officer of the piquet. + + [Footnote 162: This expedition was under Major + Tupper. They burnt a fine pleasure-boat just ready + to be launched, belonging to some British + officers.] + + [Footnote 163: Of the Rhode Island "Army of + Observation," under General Greene.] + +the 28. Nothing remarkable hapened this day there was too guns fired +from the ship in Cambrige Bay. + +the 29. This day the Ship sailed out of cambridge Bay and their was +another came and took her place at night I went on the piquet without +any supper nothing remarkable. + +the 30. This morning our men fired one field peice as the regulars +came to relieve their main guard and that afronted them and they began +to fire their canon from their brest work and floating Batry and they +fired about 30 canon but did no damage also last night their was too +regulars deserted and came to our centrys on the neck nothing more +remarkable this day. + + +OCTOBER A 1775. + +the 1. Being Sunday I went to meting up to the conecticut forces and +Mr. Wilard preacht a Sermon from chronicles the 20th chapter 10-11-12 +v also in the afternoon Mr. Wilard preachd a sermon from 1st of +corrintheans 15 ch 54 &. 55 vers, also Last night their was six +mareens dessrtd from on board the Scarborough.[164] + + [Footnote 164: This was a sloop-of-war, carrying + twenty guns.] + +the 2. Nothing remarkable hapned this day General Thomas Brigade passt +Mustter about Sunset as our piquet paraded on the grand parade the +enemy fired 3 or 4 shots up to the meeting house one of the balls went +through the shed by the Providence tavern but did no damage of +consequence at night our chimney Swallow went on the piquet for +nothing and found himself. + +the 3. Nothing remarkable hapened this day at night I went upon the +piquet. + +the 4. We past muster nothing remarkble hapened this day onely their +was four of the enemy deserted at night. + +the 5. Nothing remarkable hapened this day onely their was 5 or 6 +prisoners went through the camp that were taken at Dartmouth[165] on +board the prize that our men took. + + [Footnote 165: He probably refers to the prisoners + taken in the armed schooner _Margaretta_, at + Machias, Maine, in the month of May, by some + Americans under Jeremiah O'Brien; or they may have + been of the crew of two small cruisers afterward + captured by O'Brien. They were taken to Watertown, + where the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts was + in session.] + +the 6. The enemy fired between 80 and 90 Canon at our men but killed +nine onely cut of one mans arm and killed too cows So much for this +day. + +the 7. I went upon the creek guard and nothing remarkable hapned at +night their was a regular deserted and the regular guard fired upon +him but did not hurt him. + +the 8. Being Sunday it rained and we had no preaching nothing +remarkable hapned at night their was a regular deserted and came to +our men and their was another set out but they were discovered and +they took one of them. + +the 9. About eight o clock their was a Rifle man whipt 39 stripes for +Stealing and afterwards he was Drummed out of the camps if the +infernal regions had ben opened and cain and Judas and Sam Haws[166] +had been present their could not have ben a biger uproar. + + [Footnote 166: The writer of this Journal.] + +the 10. I went up on the creek guard and nothing remarkable hapened +their. + +the 11. Their was a Rifle man[167] Drummed out of the camps for +threatning his offisers also I went to Cambridg with Boats. + + [Footnote 167: These riflemen were from Maryland. + The company had been raised by order of Congress, + and placed in command of Captain Michael Cresap, + who, without a shadow of justice, was made to + figure unfavorably in the celebrated speech + attributed to Logan, the Mingo chief. Proof is + abundant that the stain put upon the character of + Cresap, by the speech of Logan from the pen of + Jefferson, was unmerited. Captain Cresap was taken + sick, and, at about the time here indicated, he + started for home, but died at New York, on the 18th + of October, 1775, at the age of thirty-three years. + His remains yet lie buried in Trinity churchyard, a + few feet from Broadway.] + +the 12. This day nothing remarkable hapned only I went to work along +with the general at Mr. Parkers at night I went upon the piquet. + +the 13. I went a chesnuting with a number of respectable gentlemen +that belonged to the army and we had a rifle frolick[168] and came +home about 10 Oclock. + + [Footnote 168: Shooting at a mark, for liquor.] + +the 13. About 2 or 3 o clock their was one of our men taken and caried +to the quarter guard for thieft abel Weatheril by name but it was made +up and he was taken out at night and returned to his Duty. + +the 14. This day nothing remarkable hapned. + +the 15. Being Sunday I went upon fatigue down to the george tavern and +their was a flag of truce went in and another came out.[169] + + [Footnote 169: Communications are thus had between + belligerent armies. By common consent, as a rule of + war, a person approaching one army from another, + with a white flag, is respected as a neutral; and + to "fire upon a flag," as the phrase is when the + bearer is fired upon, is considered a great breach + of faith and honor.] + +the 16. Nothing remarkable hapned Colonel Reeds Laidy came down to +reveu the Regiment and treated them[170] nothing more this day. + + [Footnote 170: The wives of officers often visited + permanent camps, and formed pleasant social + parties. Mrs. Washington visited her husband at + Cambridge, while he remained there. She also spent + a portion of the winter with him at Valley Forge, + and likewise at Morristown.] + +the 17. I went a chesnuting up to neutown[171] and at night our +floating Baterys went up towards the canon and fired 13 shots but +unlucky for them one of their 9 pounders split and killed one man dead +and wounded 8 more one of them it is thought mortally. + + [Footnote 171: Newton, seven miles north from + Boston.] + +the 18. I went upon the creek guard and John Bates was Lanch corporeal +also in the afternoon their was 3 Boston men came out under pretence +of fishing but they made their escape to Dorchester point. + +the 19. Was rainy and nothing remarkable hapned. + +the 20. The things that were taken at the Light house were vendued and +went very high[172] Nothing more remarkable hapned this day at night +their was a regular deserted from the enimy. + + [Footnote 172: When Major Tupper destroyed the + lighthouse on Nantasket point, he carried away all + the furniture and the great lamp by which it was + lighted.] + +the 21. I went upon the creek guard[173] and it rained all day nothing +remarkable hapned. + + [Footnote 173: The creek referred to is Stony + brook, northward from Roxbury fort.] + +the 22. Being Sunday nothing remarkable this day. + +the 23. Nothing remarkable hapned at night I went upon the piquet and +nothing hapned worth a mentioning. + +the 24. Nothing remarkable hapned this day onely we heard that the +french were a going to join us upon conditions that we would trade +with them.[174] + + [Footnote 174: As early as July, 1775, Dr. Franklin + had suggested the propriety of a political + confederation of all the colonies, and the + establishment of governmental relations with + foreign powers, especially with France, which, it + was well known, hated England. In November of that + year, Benjamin Harrison, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas + Johnson, John Dickenson, and John Jay, were + appointed a committee to open and carry on + correspondence with foreign governments; and in + March following, Silas Deane was appointed a + special agent of Congress to the court of France. + Rumors of such intentions appear to have reached + the army, according to our Journalist, as early as + the 24th of October, 1775.] + +the 25. We turned out and went to the Larm post and it was very cold +and we came home and there was a high go of Drinking Brandy and +several of the company were taken not well prety soon after[175] +nothing more this day. + + [Footnote 175: A very natural consequence.] + +the 26. This morning early their was several Laidies came down from +wrentham and they went to cambridg and the rest of their acts are they +not writen in the Lamentations of Samuel Haws, finis. + +the 27. This day I went upon fatigue and we got our Stents done about +noon. + +the 28. Nothing remarkable this day onely I was chose cook for our +room consisting of 12 men and a hard game too. + +the 29. Being Sunday the officers had hard work to get hands for +meting it was so cold nothing more this day. + +the 30. This day nothing remarkable hapned. + +the 31. Nothing remarkable.[176] + + [Footnote 176: During the whole of October, affairs + were very quiet, and no skirmish of importance + occurred. The "Essex Gazette" of the 19th said, + "Scarcely a gun has been fired for a fortnight." On + the 4th, a small fleet, under Captain Mowatt, + sailed from Boston harbor, and destroyed Falmouth + (now Portland), Maine. On the 15th, a committee + from Congress arrived, to consult with Washington + concerning the future, and a reorganization of the + army.] + + +NOVEMBER 1775. + +the 1. Las night the fire ran over Samuel Hawes's hair and that +provoket him to wrath Nothing very remarkable hapned this day that I +know of. + +the 2. their was Some gentlemen and Laidies came down from Wrentham +and they went to cambridg. + +the 3. It was a very rainy day and we went to childses and had an old +fudg fairyouwell my friends. + +the 4. Nothing remarkable hapned this day onely the gentry went home +to Wrentham. + +the 5. Being the memorial 5th of novem. the enemy fired from every +Ship in the harbour nothing more remarkable this day. + +the 6. Nothing remarkable hapned this day. + +the 7. Their was a vendue opened att this house and their was not Less +than a hundred and twenty Dollars worth of things vendued and sold at +private sale and Swapt. + +the 8. Nothing remarkable hapned this day that I know of. + +the 9. Nothing remarkable hapned this day that is worth +amentioning.[177] + + [Footnote 177: On this day there was quite a severe + skirmish occurred at Lechmere's point, now + Cambridgeport.] + +the 10. This day I went home upon furlow,[178] yesterday Sergent Yett +went home. + + [Footnote 178: That is, a written permission from + his commanding officer, to leave for a specified + time.] + +the 11. I went to captain whitings and nothing remarkable hapned. + +the 12. Being Sunday I went to meting Nothing more this day. + +the 13. This day the Long faced People trained at Wrentham and Serg +Felt went upon the piquet and fired several times upon the centrys. + +the 14. This day I came down from Wrentham with Serg Felt and at +night their was three men deserted from the floating Battery this day +we had a Lottery and Serg Foster drawd a pair of Breeches[179] worth 5 +Dollars and their was considerable other tradeing caried on at night +their was 8 men more deserted. + + [Footnote 179: At that time leather breeches were + much in vogue, because they were durable. The more + costly ones of buckskin were worn only by + officers.] + +the 16. Nothing remarkable hapned captain Pond Listed three or four +men for the next campaign[180] att night it was very cold. + + [Footnote 180: Late in October a new organization + of the army took place, and enlistments for a + certain term were commenced. Hitherto there had + been great confusion in the matter. The army had + gathered around Boston from sudden impulse, and it + was continually changing. The excitement which had + brought them together had in a measure subsided, + and enlistments went on slowly. After a month's + exertions, only five thousand names were enrolled; + and Washington, lamenting the dearth of public + spirit, almost despaired. Alluding to the + selfishness exhibited in camp, he says: "Such + stock-jobbing and fertility in all low arts, to + obtain advantages of one kind and another, I never + saw before, and pray God I may never witness + again."] + +the 17. Very blustering and their was a man Whipt thirty and nine +Lashes for Stealing and getting Drunk and running away and afterwards +he was drummed out of the camps thus he &c. + +the 18. Nothing remarkable hapned this day that I know of. + +the 19. This day being Sunday it was very pleasant and we had +Preaching Nothing more this day. + +the 20. This day nothing very remarkable at night their was a regular +deserted and Swam over to Dorchester and escaped. + +the 21. This day Nothing very remarkable this day the piquet was made +easier by half &c. &c. + +the 22. To morrow is thanksgiveing this day ended without any thing +remarkable. + +the 23. Being thanksgiveing I went with Serg Felt up to newtown and +kept thanksgiveing their and returnd to our Barricks at night and we +had not ben a bed long when our captain came to us and ordered us all +to Lye upon our arms by order of General Washington Lesemo[181] of the +American Army incampt at cambridg and roxbury and other places[182] +nothing more this day that I know of onely 2 regulars deserted at +night on cambridg side.[183] + + [Footnote 181: Generalissimo.] + + [Footnote 182: On the previous day, General Putnam, + with a strong detachment, broke ground at Cobble + hill, where the M'Lean Asylum now stands. The + object was to erect batteries for the purpose of + cannonading Boston. It was expected the British + troops would sally out of the city and attack them, + and that expectation caused Washington to issue the + order for _all_ the troops to be ready for action + at a moment's warning.] + + [Footnote 183: Frothingham says, "Two British + sentinels came off in the night to the detachment" + of General Putnam.] + +the 24. Nothing hapned very remarkable this day that I know of. + +the 25. This morning Captain Pond inlisted several men for the next +campaign; o you nasty Sloven how your Book Looks.[184] + + [Footnote 184: This remark refers to several blots + of ink which disfigure the page of his Journal on + which he was writing.] + +the 26. Being Sunday it was Stormy Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 27. Nothing very remarkable hapned this day. + +the 28. Nothing very Strange onely Peperiss curacle came out of Boston +that old tory Dog. + +the 29. Nothing remarkable onely one of our Privateers took a prize +richly Laden.[185] + + [Footnote 185: That was the British storeship + _Nancy_, captured off Cape Anne, and carried into + that harbor, by Captain John Manly, commander of + the American armed schooner _Lee_, one of the six + vessels fitted out at Boston under the direction of + Washington, before Congress had yet taken any + measures to establish a navy. So valuable were the + stores of the _Nancy_, that Washington supposed + General Howe would immediately make efforts to + recover her, and he had an armed force sent to Cape + Anne to secure them. There were two thousand + muskets, one hundred thousand flints, thirty + thousand round shot for one, six, and twelve + pounders, over thirty thousand musket-shot, and a + thirteen-inch brass mortar that weighed + twenty-seven hundred pounds. The arrival of these + produced great joy in the camp. Colonel Moylan, + describing the scene, says: "Old PUT [General + Putnam] was mounted on the mortar, with a bottle of + rum in his hand, standing parson to christen, while + god-father Mifflin [afterward General Mifflin] gave + it the name of _Congress_." + + On the 29th of November, Washington commenced + planting a bomb-battery on Lechmere's point, with + the intention of bombarding the British works on + Bunker hill. They completed it in the course of a + few days, entirely unmolested.] + +the 30. Nothing extreordenary this day that I know of. + + +DECEMBER. + +the 1. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 2. This day I with a number of rispectable gentlemen went[186].... + + [Footnote 186: The author did not expect to have + his Journal published, or he would have omitted the + entry here made. There seems nothing in it + derogatory to his character, yet he has chosen + words to express his thoughts not suited "to ears + polite."] + +the 3. Being Sunday it rained nothing remarkable hapned this day. + +the 4. Nothing remarkable hapnd this day at night we were ordered to +Ly upon our arms.[187] + + [Footnote 187: Washington was now in hourly + expectation of an attack from the British, and, + knowing his own weakness, he considered his + situation very critical. In vigilance alone seemed + a security for safety.] + +the 5. Nothing Strange hapned this day. + +the 6. Nothing comical this day only their was considerable of +tradeing caryd on.[188] + + [Footnote 188: The Yankee love of trade and barter + appears to have been very prevalent in the camp.] + +the 7. This day nothing Strang. + +the 8. This day I with several more inlisted for the year 1776 under +captain Oliver Pond. + +the 9. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 10. This day the Long faced People[189] arived here from wrentham +and other places. + + [Footnote 189: New militia recruits from the + country, who had never seen service.] + +the 11. This day I past muster before general Spencer[190] nothing +more this day. + + [Footnote 190: General Joseph Spencer, of East + Haddam, Connecticut. He remained in service until + 1778, when he resigned, left the army, and became a + member of Congress. He held rank next to Putnam in + the army at Boston. He died in 1789, at the age of + seventy years.] + +the 12. This day it was very cold and the melitia had to mount guard +that is good for them. + +the 13. This day I went to cambridg and viewed the works on +copple[191] hill.[192] + + [Footnote 191: Cobble.] + + [Footnote 192: These, it is said, were the most + perfect of any of the fortifications raised around + Boston at that time.] + +the 14. This day I went to Watertown[193] with Lieutenant Bacon and a +number of others in order to get some coats but we could not find any +that suited us and so we returned.[194] + + [Footnote 193. Seven miles northwest from Boston. + It was then the seat of the revolutionary + government in Massachusetts.] + + [Footnote 194: Washington issued a notice, on the + 28th of October, that tailors would be employed to + make coats for those who wished them.] + +the 15. This day nothing very remarkable. + +the 16. This day nothing strange at night their was an atempt made to +blow up A Ship but it failed also this night we heard that Quebeck was +taken.[195] + + [Footnote 195: This was a mistake. On the 13th of + September, Colonel Benedict Arnold left Cambridge + with a detachment to cross the country by the way + of the Kennebec, to invade Canada and capture + Quebec. Arnold's army suffered terribly on the + march, and arrived at Point Levi, opposite Quebec, + on the 9th of November, and prepared to attack the + city. He was obliged to postpone his attack, and + Quebec never fell into the hands of the patriots.] + +the 17. Being Sunday it was foul weather nothing remarkable hapned +this day onely the enemy fired at our men on Lechmers[196] Point and +wounded one and our men returned the fire from copple hill. + + [Footnote 196: Lechmere's.] + +the 18. This day the Ship moved out of the Bay and the Enemy threw +Bombs from mount Hoordom[197] but did no Damage. + + [Footnote 197: A nickname given to Bunker's hill.] + +the 19. This day nothing remarkable hapned. + +the 20. Nothing strange this day. + +the 21. This day it was very cold nothing strange this day. + +the 22. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 23. Nothing strange this day. + +the 24. Ditto Ditto Ditto. + +the 25. Good. + +the 26. Very cold this day nothing remarkable this day. + +the 27. Nothing remarkable to day. + +the 28. Nothing strange this day. + +the 29. Nothing strange this day Last Night our men made an atempt to +take Bunker hill but their Scheem was frustrated &c.[198] + + [Footnote 198: On the night of the 28th, an + unsuccessful attempt was made to surprise the + British outposts on Charlestown neck, and then to + attack the enemy on Bunker's hill. The Americans + started to cross from Cobble hill, on the ice. One + of the men slipped and fell when they were half way + across, and his gun went off. This alarmed the + British, and they were on their guard. It was + computed that, from the burning of Charlestown, on + the 17th of June, until Christmas day, the British + had fired more than two thousand shot and shells. + They hurled more than three hundred bombshells at + Plowed hill, and one hundred at Lechmere's point. + Gordon says that, with all this waste of metal, + they "killed only seven men on the Cambridge side, + and just a dozen on the Roxbury side."] + +the 30, 31. Nothing remarkable. + + +JANUARY. + +the 1. A Happy new year 1776 Behold the man three score and ten upon a +Dying Bed he'se run his race and get no Grace and Awful Sight indeed +Nothing very remarkable this 1 day of January 1776 Anoquedomina.[199] + + [Footnote 199: Anno Domini.] + +the 2. Nothing strange this day. + +the 3. 20 men out of each Regement in Roxbury side to cut +fachines[200] I believe we have it by and by. + + [Footnote 200: Fascines.] + +the 4. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 5-7. Nothing strange. + +the 8. At night some of our brave heroick Americans went Past the +Enemys Brest Work at Bunker hill and burnt several housen at the foot +of Bunker hill and took 5 men and 1 woman Prisoners and came of as far +as copple hill when the flames began to extend and the enemy that were +in the fort perceiving a number of men gather round the fire & +suposing them to be our men they kept up a bright fire for the space +of near half an hour upon their own men devillightfooly[201] +they[202].... + + [Footnote 201: Delightfully.] + + [Footnote 202: When Charlestown was burned, + fourteen houses escaped the flames. These were + occupied by the British; and, on the 8th of + January, General Putnam sent Major Knowlton + (afterward killed at Harlem), with a small party, + to set those houses on fire. The affair was + injudiciously managed, and, before all could be + fired, the flames of one alarmed the British in the + fort. They discharged cannons and small-arms in all + directions, in their confusion and affright. At + that moment a play, called "The Blockade of + Boston," written for the occasion by General + Burgoyne, was in course of performance in the city. + In the midst of the scene in which Washington was + burlesqued, a sergeant dashed into the theatre and + exclaimed, "The Yankees are attacking Bunker's + hill!" The audience thought it was part of the + play, until General Howe said, "Officers, to your + alarm-posts!" Then women shrieked and fainted, and + the people rushed to the streets in great + confusion.] + +the 9. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 10. Nothing very remarkable this day it was very cold. + +the 11. Nothing very remarkable this day. + +the 12. All furlows stopt this day. + +the 13. Nothing strange this day. + +the 14. Being Sunday nothing remarkable this day. + +the 15. This day we heard that the regulars had taken Providence and +burnt all the housen except two.[203] + + [Footnote 203: Sir James Wallace commanded a small + British flotilla in Narraganset bay, during the + summer and autumn of 1775. He was really a + commissioned pirate, for he burnt and plundered + dwellings, and stores, and plantations, wherever he + pleased. The fact above alluded to was the plunder + and destruction of the houses on the beautiful + island of Providence (not the town of Providence) + by that marauder, at the close of November, 1775. + He also desolated Connanicut island, opposite + Newport; and every American vessel that entered + that harbor was seized and sent to Boston.] + +the 16. Nothing remarkable hapened this day at night we were all +ordered to Ly upon our arms. + +the 17. This day we had the disagreeable news that our men were +defeated that went to Quebeck and that General montgomery and colonel +Arnold were either killed or taken Prisoners but we Pray God thy news +may prove falce[204] at night it was thought their was a spy out from +Boston and our centrys fired at him but we dont know the Sertainty of +it cold weather for the Season. + + [Footnote 204: Arnold, with only seven hundred men, + appeared before Quebec on the 18th of November, and + demanded its surrender. He was soon compelled to + retire, and, marching up the St. Lawrence twenty + miles, he there met, in December, General + Montgomery, with a small force, descending from + Montreal. They marched against Quebec, and, early + in the morning of the 31st of December, proceeded + to assail the city at three distinct points. + Montgomery was killed, Morgan and many of the + Americans were made prisoners, and Arnold, who was + severely wounded, retired to Sillery, three miles + above Quebec.] + +the 18. Nothing strange this day. + +the 19. This day we heard that our men had taken a Ship Loaded with +Gunpowder the truth of it we have not yet Learned but we hope it will +prove true.[205] + + [Footnote 205: Several of the prizes captured by + Manly and others contained powder and arms; and + late in December, Colonel (afterward General) Knox + arrived from Ticonderoga with forty-two sled-loads + of cannons, mortars, lead, balls, flints, &c. By + the close of January, powder became quite plentiful + in the American camp.] + +the 20. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 21. Ditto. + +the 22. Nothing strange. + +the 23. Nothing remarkable. + +the 24. This day capt Pond came from Wrentham Nothing remarkable. + +the 25. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 26. Nothing very remarkable. + +the 27. Nothing remarkable this day. + +the 28. Nothing remarkable. + +the 29. This day we moved to Dorchester into the widow Birds house. + +the 30. Nothing strange this day. + +the 31. Ditto. + + +FEBRUARY. + +the 1. This day nothing remarkable. + +the 2. Ditto. + +the 3. Nothing Remarkable this day. + +the 4. Ditto. + +the 5. The Lobsters came out almost to copple hill and took 3 cows and +killed them and were fired upon from copple hill and they were obligd +to mak of Leaving their Booty behind them. + +the 6. The melitious men[206] marched from Wrentham and arived in camp +at Dorchester. + + [Footnote 206: Militia-men.] + +the 7. Nothing very remarkable this day. + +the 8. Their was a number of our men went a Scating on the Bay near +Bosston common and the Enemy fired upwards of a hundred small arms +that did no damage. + +the 9. Nothing very remarkable at night their was thre of our Amarican +Boys made their escape from the Enemy in Boston and were taken up by +our men who were Patroling on Dorchester Point to and they brought of +things to considerable value. + +the 10. Nothing Strange this day.[207] + + [Footnote 207: Here the Journal ends abruptly, and + we have no clew to the writer afterward. As he had + enlisted for the campaign of 1776, he doubtless + remained with the army until after the expulsion of + the British from Boston, in March following, unless + he was killed in some of the skirmishes that + frequently occurred, or was obliged to leave the + army on account of sickness. Whatever was his fate, + the veil of oblivion is drawn over it, for he was + one of the thousands who with warm hearts and stout + hands struggled in the field for the liberties of + their country, lie in unhonored graves, and have + had no biographers. If he lived until the conflict + ended, and died in his native town, no doubt his + grave is in the old churchyard at Wrentham. His + family was among the earliest settlers there, for + Daniel Haws was a resident of the village when it + was burnt, in the time of King Philip's war, almost + two hundred years ago; and on a plain slab in that + old burial-place is the name of Ebenezer Haws, who + died in 1812, at the age of ninety-one years.] + + + + +SUPPLEMENT, +CONTAINING +OFFICIAL PAPERS ON THE SKIRMISHES AT LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, +AND A LIST OF REVOLUTIONARY ARTICLES IN THE POUGHKEEPSIE MUSEUM. + + + + +SUPPLEMENT. + +OFFICIAL PAPERS CONCERNING THE SKIRMISHES AT LEXINGTON AND CONCORD. + + +In the preceding Journal of a Soldier, in 1775, his narrative +commences on the day of the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, the +opening conflicts of the Revolution. Some official matters relating to +those events, which are inaccessible to the general reading-public, +will doubtless be acceptable, as they certainly are appropriate, in +this connection. + +The skirmishes occurred on the 19th of April, 1775. On the 22d, the +Provincial Congress of Massachusetts assembled, and, deeming it +important to have the whole truth known, appointed a committee to take +depositions in relation to the transactions of the British troops in +their route to and from Concord. Another committee was appointed the +following day, consisting of Dr. Church, Elbridge Gerry, and Thomas +Cushing, to draw up a narrative of the massacre. The committee to +take depositions held their sessions at Concord and Lexington, on the +23d and 25th of April. Feeling it to be expedient to send an account +immediately to England, a committee, consisting of Dr. Warren, Mr. +Freeman, Mr. Gardiner, and Colonel Stone, was chosen to prepare a +letter to Dr. Franklin, the colonial agent in London. They reported a +letter, and also an "Address to the Inhabitants of Great Britain," on +the same day. Captain Richard Derby, of Salem, was employed to proceed +immediately with the despatches. He placed them in the hands of Doctor +Franklin on the 29th of May, and on the following day the address was +printed and circulated. It gave the first intelligence of the +skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, to the British public. + +The following, copied from the Journals of the Continental Congress, +are the several papers referred to:-- + + "_To the Hon. Benjamin Franklin, Esq., at London._ + "IN PROVINCIAL CONGRESS, WATERTOWN, _April 26, 1775_. + + "SIR: From the entire confidence we repose in your faithfulness + and abilities, we consider it the happiness of this colony that + the important trust of agency for it, in this day of unequalled + distress, is devolved on your hands, and we doubt not your + attachment to the cause and liberties of mankind will make every + possible exertion in our behalf a pleasure to you; although our + circumstances will compel us often to interrupt your repose, by + matters that will surely give you pain. A singular instance + hereof is the occasion of the present letter. The contents of + this packet will be our apology for troubling you with it. + + "From these you will see how, and by whom, we are at last plunged + into the horrors of a most unnatural war. + + "Our enemies, we are told, have despatched to Great Britain a + fallacious account of the tragedy they have begun; to prevent the + operation of which to the public injury, we have engaged the + vessel that conveys this to you, as a packet in the service of + this colony, and we request your assistance in supplying Captain + Derby, who commands her, with such necessaries as he shall want, + on the credit of your constituents in Massachusetts Bay. + + "But we most ardently wish that the several papers herewith + enclosed may be immediately printed and dispersed through every + town in England, and especially communicated to the lord-mayor, + aldermen, and council, of the city of London, that they may take + such order thereon as they may think proper. And we are confident + your fidelity will make such improvement of them as shall + convince all, who are not determined to be in everlasting + blindness, that it is the united efforts of both Englands that + can save either: but that whatever price our brethren in the one + may be pleased to put on their constitutional liberties, we are + authorized to assure you that the inhabitants of the other, with + the greatest unanimity, are inflexibly resolved to sell theirs + only at the price of their lives. + + "Signed by order of the Provincial Congress, + "JOSEPH WARREN, _President, P. T._ + + "A true copy from the original minutes, + "SAMUEL FREEMAN, _Sec. P. T._" + + +The depositions relative to the commencement of hostilities are as +follows:-- + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "We, Solomon Brown, Jonathan Loring, and Elijah Sanderson, all of + lawful age, and of Lexington, in the county of Middlesex, and + colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, do testify and + declare that, on the evening of the 18th of April, instant, being + on the road between Concord and Lexington, and all of us mounted + on horses, we were, about ten of the clock, suddenly surprised by + nine persons, whom we took to be regular officers, who rode up to + us, mounted and armed, each having a pistol in his hand, and, + after putting pistols to our breasts, and seizing the bridles of + our horses, they swore, if we stirred another step, we should be + all dead men, upon which we surrendered ourselves. They detained + us until two o'clock the next morning, in which time they + searched and greatly abused us, having first inquired about the + magazine at Concord, whether any guards were posted there, and + whether the bridges were up, and said four or five regiments of + regulars would be in possession of the stores soon. They then + brought us back to Lexington, cut the horses' bridles and + girths, turned them loose, and then left us. + + "SOLOMON BROWN, + "JONATHAN LORING, ELIJAH SANDERSON." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "I, Elijah Sanderson, above named, do further testify and + declare, that I was on Lexington common, the morning of the 19th + of April aforesaid, having been dismissed by the officers above + mentioned, and saw a large body of regular troops advancing + toward Lexington company, many of whom were then dispersing. I + heard one of the regulars, whom I took to be an officer, say, + "Damn them, we will have them;" and immediately the regulars + shouted aloud, run and fired upon the Lexington company, which + did not fire a gun before the regulars discharged on them. Eight + of the Lexington company were killed while they were dispersing, + and at a considerable distance from each other, and many wounded; + and, although a spectator, I narrowly escaped with my life. + + "ELIJAH SANDERSON." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 23, 1775_. + + "I, Thomas Rice Willard, of lawful age, do testify and declare + that, being in the house of Daniel Harrington, of said Lexington, + on the 19th instant, in the morning, about half an hour before + sunrise, looked out at the window of said house, and saw (as I + suppose) about four hundred regulars in one body, coming up the + road, and marched toward the north part of the common, back of + the meeting-house of said Lexington; and as soon as said regulars + were against the east end of the meeting-house, the commanding + officer said something, what I know not, but upon that the + regulars ran till they came within about eight or nine rods of + about a hundred of the militia of Lexington, who were collected + on said common, at which time the militia of Lexington dispersed. + Then the officers made a huzza, and the private soldiers + succeeded them: directly after this, an officer rode before the + regulars to the other side of the body, and hallooed after the + militia of said Lexington, and said, "Lay down your arms, damn + you, why don't you lay down your arms?"--and that there was not a + gun fired till the militia of Lexington were dispersed. And + further saith not. + + "THOMAS RICE WILLARD." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "Simon Winship, of Lexington, in the county of Middlesex, and + province of Massachusetts Bay, New England, being of lawful age, + testifieth and saith, that on the 19th April instant, about four + o'clock in the morning, as he was passing the public road in said + Lexington, peaceably and unarmed, about two miles and a half + distant from the meeting-house in said Lexington, he was met by a + body of the king's regular troops, and being stopped by some + officers of said troops, was commanded to dismount. Upon asking + why he must dismount, he was obliged by force to quit his horse, + and ordered to march in the midst of the body; and, being + examined whether he had been warning the minute-men, he answered, + 'No, but had been out, and was then returning to his father's.' + Said Winship farther testifies that he marched with said troops, + till he came within about half a quarter of a mile of said + meeting-house, where an officer commanded the troops to halt, and + then to prime and load: this being done, the said troops marched + on till they came within a few rods of Captain Parker's company, + who were partly collected on the place of parade, when said + Winship observed an officer at the head of said troops, + flourishing his sword, and with a loud voice giving the word, + 'Fire! fire!' which was instantly followed by a discharge of arms + from said regular troops; and said Winship is positive, and in + the most solemn manner declares, that there was no discharge of + arms on either side, till the word 'Fire' was given by the said + officer as above. + + "SIMON WINSHIP." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "I, John Parker, of lawful age, and commander of the militia in + Lexington, do testify and declare that, on the 19th instant, in + the morning, about one of the clock, being informed that there + were a number of regula-officers riding up and down the road, + stopping and insulting people as they passed the road; and also + was informed that a number of regular troops were on their march + from Boston, in order to take the province stores at Concord, + ordered our militia to meet on the common in said Lexington, to + consult what to do, and concluded not to be discovered, nor + meddle or make with said regular troops (if they should + approach), unless they should insult or molest us; and, upon + their sudden approach, I immediately ordered our militia to + disperse, and not to fire. Immediately said troops made their + appearance, and rushed furiously, fired upon, and killed eight of + our party, without receiving any provocation therefor from us. + + "JOHN PARKER." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 24, 1775_. + + "I, John Robins, being of lawful age, do testify and say that, on + the 19th instant, the company under the command of Captain John + Parker, being drawn up (some time before sunrise) on the green or + common, and I being in the front rank, there suddenly appeared a + number of the king's troops, about a thousand, as I thought, at + the distance of about sixty or seventy yards from us, huzzaing, + and on a quick pace toward us, with three officers in their front + on horseback, and on full gallop toward us, the foremost of which + cried, 'Throw down your arms, ye villains, ye rebels!' upon which + said company dispersing, the foremost of the three officers + ordered their men, saying, 'Fire, by God! fire!' at which moment + we received a very heavy and close fire from them; at which + instant, being wounded, I fell, and several of our men were shot + dead by me. Captain Parker's men, I believe, had not then fired + a gun. And further the deponent saith not. + + "JOHN ROBINS." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "We, Benjamin Tidd, of Lexington, and Joseph Abbot, of Lincoln, + in the county of Middlesex, and colony of Massachusetts Bay, in + New England, of lawful age, do testify and declare that, on the + morning of the 19th of April instant, about five o'clock, being + on Lexington common, and mounted on horses, we saw a body of + regular troops marching up to the Lexington company, which was + then dispersing. Soon after, the regulars fired, first, a few + guns, which we took to be pistols from some of the regulars who + were mounted on horses, and then the said regulars fired a volley + or two before any guns were fired by the Lexington company; our + horses immediately started, and we rode off. And further say not. + + "BENJAMIN TIDD, JOSEPH ABBOT." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "We, Nathaniel Mullokin, Philip Russell, Moses Harrington, jun., + Thomas and Daniel Harrington, William Grimes, William Tidd, Isaac + Hastings, Jonas Stone, jun., James Wyman, Thaddeus Harrington, + John Chandler, Joshua Reed, jun., Joseph Simonds, Phineas Smith, + John Chandler, jun., Reuben Cock, Joel Viles, Nathan Reed, Samuel + Tidd, Benjamin Lock, Thomas Winship, Simeon Snow, John Smith, + Moses Harrington the 3d, Joshua Reed, Ebenezer Parker, John + Harrington, Enoch Willington, John Hornier, Isaac Green, Phineas + Stearns, Isaac Durant, and Thomas Headley, jun., all of lawful + age, and inhabitants of Lexington, in the county of Middlesex, + and colony of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England, do testify + and declare, that, on the 19th of April instant, about one or two + o'clock in the morning, being informed that several officers of + the regulars had, the evening before, been riding up and down the + road, and had detained and insulted the inhabitants passing the + same; and also understanding that a body of regulars were + marching from Boston toward Concord, with intent (as it was + supposed) to take the stores, belonging to the colony, in that + town, we were alarmed, and having met at the place of our + company's parade, were dismissed by our captain, John Parker, for + the present, with orders to be ready to attend at the beat of the + drum. We further testify and declare, that, about five o'clock in + the morning, hearing our drum beat, we proceeded toward the + parade, and soon found that a large body of troops were marching + toward us. Some of our company were coming up to the parade, and + others had reached it, at which time the company began to + disperse. While our backs were turned on the troops, we were + fired on by them, and a number of our men were instantly killed + and wounded. Not a gun was fired by any person in our company on + the regulars, to our knowledge, before they fired on us, and + they continued firing until we had all made our escape. + + "Signed by each of the above deponents," + + + "LEXINGTON, _25th of April, 1775_. + + "We, Nathaniel Parkhurst, Jonas Parker, John Munroe, jun., John + Winship, Solomon Pierce, John Muzzy, Abner Meeds, John Bridge, + jun., Ebenezer Bowman, William Munroe the 3d, Micah Hager, Samuel + Saunderson, Samuel Hastings, and James Brown, of Lexington, in + the county of Middlesex, and colony of the Massachusetts Bay, in + New England, and all of lawful age, do testify and say, that, on + the morning of the 19th of April instant, about one or two + o'clock, being informed that a number of regular officers had + been riding up and down the road the evening and night preceding, + and that some of the inhabitants, as they were passing, had been + insulted by the officers, and stopped by them; and being also + informed that the regular troops were on their march from Boston, + in order (as it was said) to take the colony stores then + deposited at Concord, we met on the parade of our company in this + town. After the company had collected, we were ordered by Captain + Parker (who commanded us) to disperse for the present, and to be + ready to attend the beat of the drum; and accordingly the company + went into houses near the place of parade. We further testify and + say, that, about five o'clock in the morning, we attended the + beat of our drum, and were formed on the parade; we were faced + toward the regulars then marching up to us, and some of our + company were coming to the parade with their backs toward the + troops, and others, on the parade, began to disperse, when the + regulars fired on the company, before a gun was fired by any of + our company on them. They killed eight of our company, and + wounded several, and continued their fire until we had all made + our escape. + + "Signed by each of the deponents." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "I, Timothy Smith, of Lexington, in the county of Middlesex, and + colony of Massachusetts Bay, in New England, being of lawful age, + do testify and declare, that, on the morning of the 19th of April + instant, being on Lexington common, as a spectator, I saw a large + body of regular troops marching up toward the Lexington company, + then dispersing, and likewise saw the regular troops fire on the + Lexington company, before the latter fired a gun. I immediately + ran, and a volley was discharged at me, which put me in imminent + danger of losing my life. I soon returned to the common, and saw + eight of the Lexington men who were killed, and lay bleeding at a + considerable distance from each other; and several were wounded. + And further saith not. + + "TIMOTHY SMITH." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "We, Levi Mead and Levi Harrington, both of Lexington, in the + county of Middlesex, and colony of Massachusetts Bay, in New + England, and of lawful age, do testify and declare, that, on the + morning of the 19th of April, being on Lexington commons, as + spectators, we saw a large body of regular troops marching up + toward the Lexington company; and some of the regulars, on + horses, whom we took to be officers, fired a pistol or two on the + Lexington company, which was then dispersing. These were the + first guns that were fired, and they were immediately followed by + several volleys from the regulars, by which eight men belonging + to said company were killed, and several wounded. + + "LEVI HARRINGTON, LEVI MEAD." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 25, 1775_. + + "I, William Draper, of lawful age, and an inhabitant of Colrain, + in the county of Hampshire, and colony of Massachusetts Bay, in + New England, do testify and declare, that, being on the parade of + said Lexington, April 19th instant, about half an hour before + sunrise, the king's regular troops appeared at the meeting-house + of Lexington. Captain Parker's company, who were drawn up back of + said meeting-house on the parade, turned from said troops, making + their escape, by dispersing. In the meantime, the regular troops + made a huzza, and ran toward Captain Parker's company, who were + dispersing; and, immediately after the huzza was made, the + commanding officer of said troops (as I took him) gave the + command to the said troops--"Fire! fire! damn you, fire!"--and + immediately they fired, before any of Captain Parker's company + fired, I then being within three or four rods of said regular + troops. And further say not. + + "WILLIAM DRAPER." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 23, 1775_. + + "I, Thomas Fessenden, of lawful age, testify and declare, that, + being in a pasture near the meeting-house, at said Lexington, on + Wednesday last, at about half an hour before sunrise, I saw a + number of regular troops pass speedily by said meeting-house, on + their way toward a company of militia of said Lexington, who were + assembled to the number of about one hundred in a company, at the + distance of eighteen or twenty rods from said meeting-house; and + after they had passed by said meeting-house, I saw three + officers, on horseback, advance to the front of said regulars, + when one of them, being within six rods of the said militia, + cried out, "Disperse, you rebels, immediately!" on which he + brandished his sword over his head three times: meanwhile, the + second officer, who was about two rods behind him, fired a + pistol, pointed at said militia, and the regulars kept huzzaing + till he had finished brandishing his sword; and when he had thus + finished brandishing his sword, he pointed it down toward said + militia, and immediately on which the said regulars fired a + volley at the militia, and then I ran off as fast as I could, + while they continued firing till I got out of their reach. I + further testify, that, as soon as ever the officer cried, + "Disperse, you rebels," the said company of militia dispersed + every way, as fast as they could; and, while they were + dispersing, the regulars kept firing at them incessantly. And + further saith not. + + "THOMAS FESSENDEN." + + + "LINCOLN, _April 23, 1775_. + + "I, John Bateman, belonging to the fifty-second regiment, + commanded by Colonel Jones, on Wednesday morning, on the 19th day + of April instant, was in the party marching to Concord, being at + Lexington, in the county of Middlesex, being nigh the + meeting-house in said Lexington, there was a small party of men + gathered together at that place, when our said troops marched by; + and I testify and declare that I heard the word of command given + to the troops to fire, and some of said troops did fire, and I + saw one of said small party lay dead on the ground nigh said + meeting-house; and I testify that I never heard any of the + inhabitants so much as fire one gun on said troops. + + "JOHN BATEMAN." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 23, 1775_. + + "We, John Hoar, John Whithead, Abraham Garfield, Benjamin Munroe, + Isaac Parks, William Hosmer, John Adams, Gregory Stone, all of + Lincoln, in the county of Middlesex, Massachusetts Bay, all of + lawful age, do testify and say that, on Wednesday last, we were + assembled at Concord, in the morning of said day, in consequence + of information received that a brigade of regular troops were on + their march to the said town of Concord, who had killed six men + at the town of Lexington. About an hour afterward, we saw them + approaching, to the number, as we apprehended, of about twelve + hundred, on which we retreated to a hill about eighty rods back, + and the said troops then took possession of the hill where we + were first posted. Presently after this we saw the troops moving + toward the north bridge, about one mile from the said Concord + meeting-house. We then immediately went before them and passed + the bridge just before a party of them, to the number of about + two hundred, arrived. They there left about one half of their two + hundred at the bridge, and proceeded with the rest toward Colonel + Barrett's, about two miles from the said bridge. We then, seeing + several fires in the town, thought the houses in Concord were in + danger, and marched toward the said bridge; and the troops that + were stationed there, observing our approach, marched back over + the bridge, and then took up some of the planks. We then hastened + our march toward the bridge, and, when we had got near the + bridge, they fired on our men--first three guns, one after the + other, and then a considerable number more; and then, and not + before (having orders from our commanding officers not to fire + till we were fired upon), we fired upon the regulars, and they + retreated. On their retreat through the town of Lexington to + Charlestown, they ravaged and destroyed private property, and + burnt three houses, one barn, and one shop. + + "Signed by each of the above deponents." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 23, 1775_. + + "We, Nathan Barret, captain; Jonathan Farrar, Joseph Butler, and + Francis Wheeler, lieutenants; John Barret, ensign; John Brown, + Silas Walker, Ephraim Melvin, Nathan Buttrick, Stephen Hosmer, + jun., Samuel Barret, Thomas Jones, Joseph Chandler, Peter + Wheeler, Nathan Pierce, and Edward Richardson, all of Concord, in + the county of Middlesex, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, of + lawful age, testify and declare, that, on Wednesday, the 19th + instant, about an hour after sunrise, we assembled on a hill near + the meeting-house in Concord aforesaid, in consequence of an + information that a number of regular troops had killed six of our + countrymen at Lexington, and were on their march to said Concord; + and, about an hour afterward, we saw them approaching, to the + number, as we imagine, of about twelve hundred; on which we + retreated to a hill about eighty rods back, and the aforesaid + troops then took possession of a hill where we were first posted. + Presently after this, we saw them moving toward the north bridge, + about one mile from said meeting-house; we then immediately went + before them, and passed the bridge just before a party of them, + to the number of about two hundred, arrived. They there left + about one half of these two hundred at the bridge, and proceeded + with the rest toward Colonel Barret's, about two miles from the + said bridge. We then, seeing several fires in the town thought + our houses were in danger, and immediately marched back toward + said bridge, and the troops who were stationed there, observing + our approach, marched back over the bridge, and then took up some + of the planks. We then hastened our steps toward the bridge, and + when we had got near the bridge, they fired on our men--first + three guns, one after the other, and then a considerable number + more; upon which, and not before (having orders from our + commanding officer not to fire till we were fired upon), we fired + upon the regulars, and they retreated. At Concord, and on their + retreat through Lexington, they plundered many houses, burnt + three at Lexington, together with a shop and barn, and committed + damage, more or less, to almost every house from Concord to + Charlestown. + + "Signed by the above deponents." + + + "We, Joseph Butler and Ephraim Melvin, do testify and declare, + that, when the regular troops fired upon our people at the north + bridge, in Concord, as related in the foregoing depositions, they + shot one, and we believe two, of our people, before we fired a + single gun at them. + + "JOSEPH BUTLER, EPHRAIM MELVIN. + "LEXINGTON, _April 23, 1775_." + + + "CONCORD, _April 23, 1775_. + + "I, Timothy Minot, jun., of Concord, on the 19th day of this + instant, April, after that I had heard of the regular troops + firing upon Lexington men, and fearing that hostilities might be + committed at Concord, thought it my incumbent duty to secure my + family. After I had secured my family, some time after that, + returning toward my own dwelling, and finding that the bridge on + the north part of said Concord was guarded by regular troops, + being a spectator of what had happened at said bridge, declare + that the regular troops stationed on said bridge, after they saw + the men that were collected on the westerly side of said bridge, + marched toward said bridge; then the troops returned toward the + easterly side of said bridge, and formed themselves, as I + thought, for regular fight: after that they fired one gun, then + two or three more, before the men that were stationed on the + westerly part of said bridge fired upon them. + + "TIMOTHY MINOT, JUN." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 23, 1775_. + + "I, James Barret, of Concord, colonel of a regiment of militia, + in the county of Middlesex, do testify and say that, on Wednesday + morning last, about daybreak, I was informed of the approach of a + number of the regular troops to the town of Concord, where were + some magazines belonging to this province, when there was + assembled some of the militia of this and the neighboring towns, + I ordered them to march to the north bridge (so called), which + they had passed and were taking up. I ordered said militia to + march to said bridge and pass the same, but not to fire on the + king's troops unless they were first fired upon. We advanced near + said bridge, when the said troops fired upon our militia, and + killed two men dead on the spot, and wounded several others, + which was the first firing of guns in the town of Concord. My + detachment then returned the fire, which killed and wounded + several of the king's troops. + + "JAMES BARRET." + + + "LEXINGTON, _April 23, 1775_. + + "We, Bradbury Robinson, Samuel Spring, Thaddeus Bancroft, all of + Concord, and James Adams, of Lexington, all in the county of + Middlesex, all of lawful age, do testify and say, that, on + Wednesday morning last, near ten of the clock, we saw near one + hundred of the regular troops, being in the town of Concord, at + the north bridge in said town (so called); and having passed the + same, they were taking up said bridge, when about three hundred + of our militia were advancing toward said bridge, in order to + pass said bridge, when, without saying anything to us, they + discharged a number of guns on us, which killed two men dead on + the spot, and wounded several others; when we returned the fire + on them, which killed two of them, and wounded several, which was + the beginning of hostilities in the town of Concord. + + "BRADBURY ROBINSON, THADDEUS BANCROFT, + "SAMUEL SPRING, JAMES ADAMS." + + + "WORCESTER, _April 26, 1775_. + + "Hannah Bradish, of that part of Cambridge called Menotomy, and + daughter of Timothy Paine, of Worcester, in the county of + Worcester, Esq., of lawful age, testifies and says, that, about + five o'clock on Wednesday last, afternoon, being in her + bedchamber, with her infant child, about eight days old, she was + surprised by the firing of the king's troops and our people, on + their return from Concord. She being weak and unable to go out of + her house, in order to secure herself and family, they all + retired into the kitchen, in the back part of the house. She soon + found the house surrounded with the king's troops; that upon + observation made, at least seventy bullets were shot into the + front part of the house; several bullets lodged in the kitchen + where she was, and one passed through an easy-chair she had just + gone from. The door of the front part of the house was broke + open; she did not see any soldiers in the house, but supposed, by + the noise, they were in the front. After the troops had gone off, + she missed the following things, which, she verily believes, were + taken out of the house by the king's troops, viz., one rich + brocade gown, called a negligee, one lutestring gown, one white + quilt, one pair of brocade shoes, three shifts, eight white + aprons, three caps, one case of ivory knives and forks, and + several other small articles. + + "HANNAH BRADISH." + + + PROVINCE OF THE + MASSACHUSETTS BAY, WORCESTER, SS., _April 26, 1775_. + + "Mrs. Hannah Bradish, the above deponent, maketh oath before us, + the subscribers, two of his majesty's justices of the peace for + the county of Worcester, and of the quorum, that the above + deposition, according to her best recollection, is the truth. + Which deposition is taken in _perpetuam rei memoriam_. + + "THOMAS STEEL, + "TIMOTHY PAINE." + + + "CONCORD, _April 23, 1775_. + + "I, James Marr, of lawful age, testify and say, that, in the + evening of the 18th instant, I received orders from George + Hutchinson, adjutant of the fourth regiment of the regular troops + stationed at Boston, to prepare and march: to which orders I + attended, and marched to Concord, where I was ordered by an + officer with about one hundred men to guard a certain bridge + there. While attending that service, a number of people came + along, in order, as I suppose, to cross said bridge, at which + time a number of the regular troops first fired upon them. + + "JAMES MARR." + + + "MEDFORD, _April 25, 1775_. + + "I, Edward Thoroton Gould, of his majesty's own regiment of foot, + being of lawful age, do testify and declare, that, on the evening + of the 18th instant, under the orders of General Gage, I embarked + with the light infantry and grenadiers of the line, commanded by + Colonel Smith, and landed on the marshes of Cambridge, from + whence we proceeded to Lexington. On our arrival at that place, + we saw a body of provincial troops, armed, to the number of about + sixty or seventy men. On our approach, they dispersed, and soon + after firing began, but which party fired first I can not + exactly say, as our troops rushed on shouting and huzzaing + previous to the firing, which was continued by our troops so long + as any of the provincials were to be seen. From thence we marched + to Concord. On a hill, near the entrance of the town, we saw + another body of provincials assembled: the light-infantry + companies were ordered up the hill to disperse them; on our + approach, they retreated toward Concord. The grenadiers continued + the road under the hill toward the town. Six companies of light + infantry were ordered down to take possession of the bridge which + the provincials retreated over; the company I commanded was one. + Three companies of the above detachment went forward about two + miles. In the meantime, the provincial troops returned, to the + number of about three or four hundred. We drew up on the Concord + side of the bridge; the provincials came down upon us, upon which + we engaged and gave the first fire. This was the first engagement + after the one at Lexington. A continued firing from both parties + lasted through the whole day. I myself was wounded at the attack + of the bridge, and am now treated with the greatest humanity, and + taken all possible care of by the provincials at Medford. + + "EDWARD THOROTON GOULD, + "_Lieut. King's Own Regiment_." + + + "PROVINCE OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY, + "_Middlesex County, April 25, 1775_. + + "Lieutenant Thoroton Gould, aforenamed, personally made oath to + the truth of the foregoing declaration by him subscribed, before + us, + + "THAD. MASSON, + "JOSIAH JOHNSON, SIMON TUFTS, + _Justices of the peace for the + county aforesaid, quorum unus_." + + + "PROVINCE OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY, CHARLESTOWN, SS. + + "I, Nathaniel Gorham, notary and tabellion public, by lawful + authority duly admitted and sworn, hereby certify to all whom it + may or doth concern, that Thaddeus Masson, Josiah Johnson, and + Simon Tufts, Esqrs., are three of his majesty's justices of the + peace (_quorum unus_) for the county of Middlesex; and that full + faith and credit is and ought to be given to their transactions + as such, both in court and out. In witness whereof, I have + hereunto affixed my name and seal, this twenty-sixth day of + April, _Anno Domini_ one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five. + + "NATHANIEL GORHAM, _Notary Public_." (L. S.) + + +(All the above depositions are sworn to before justices of the peace, +and duly attested by notaries public, in manner of the last one.) + + + "IN PROVINCIAL CONGRESS, WATERTOWN, _April 26, 1775_. + + "_To the Inhabitants of Great Britain._ + + "FRIENDS AND FELLOW-SUBJECTS: Hostilities are at length commenced + in this colony by the troops under the command of General Gage; + and it being of the greatest importance that an early, true, and + authentic account of this inhuman proceeding, should be known to + you, the Congress of this colony have transmitted the same, and, + from want of a session of the Hon. Continental Congress, think it + proper to address you on the alarming occasion. + + "By the clearest depositions relative to this transaction, it + will appear that, on the night preceding the 19th of April + instant, a body of the king's troops, under the command of + Colonel Smith, were secretly landed at Cambridge, with an + apparent design to take or destroy the military and other stores, + provided for the defence of this colony, and deposited at + Concord; that some inhabitants of the colony, on the night + aforesaid, while travelling peaceably on the road between Boston + and Concord, were seized and greatly abused by armed men, who + appeared to be officers of General Gage's army; that the town of + Lexington by these means was alarmed, and a company of the + inhabitants mustered on the occasion; that the regular troops, on + their way to Concord, marched into the said town of Lexington, + and the said company on their approach began to disperse; that + notwithstanding this, the regulars rushed on with great violence, + and first began hostilities, by firing on said Lexington company, + whereby they killed eight, and wounded several others; that the + regulars continued their fire until those of said company, who + were neither killed nor wounded, had made their escape; that + Colonel Smith, with the detachment, then marched to Concord, + where a number of provincials were again fired on by the troops, + two of them killed and several wounded, before the provincials + fired on them; and that these hostile measures of the troops + produced an engagement that lasted through the day, in which many + of the provincials and more of the regular troops were killed and + wounded. + + "To give a particular account of the ravages of the troops, as + they retreated from Concord to Charlestown, would be very + difficult, if not impracticable. Let it suffice to say, that a + great number of the houses on the road were plundered, and + rendered unfit for use; several were burnt; women in childbed + were driven, by the soldiery, naked into the streets; old men + peaceably in their houses were shot dead; and such scenes + exhibited as would disgrace the annals of the most uncivilized + nations. + + "These, brethren, are marks of ministerial vengeance against this + colony, for refusing, with her sister-colonies, a submission to + slavery; but they have not yet detached us from our royal + sovereign. We profess to be his loyal and dutiful subjects, and + so hardly dealt with as we have been, are still ready, with our + lives and fortunes, to defend his person, family, crown, and + dignity. Nevertheless, to the persecution and tyranny of his + cruel ministry we will not tamely submit: appealing to Heaven for + the justice of our cause, we determine to die or be free. + + "We can not think that the honor, wisdom, and valor of Britons + will suffer them to be long inactive spectators of measures in + which they themselves are so deeply interested--measures pursued + in opposition to the solemn protests of many noble lords, and + expressed sense of conspicuous commoners, whose knowledge and + virtue have long characterized them as some of the greatest men + in the nation--measures executing contrary to the interest, + petitions, and resolves of many large, respectable, and opulent + counties, cities, and boroughs in Great Britain--measures highly + incompatible with justice, but still pursued with a specious + pretence of easing the nation of its burdens--measures which, if + successful, must end in the ruin and slavery of Britain, as well + as the persecuted American colonies. + + "We sincerely hope that the great Sovereign of the universe, who + hath so often appeared for the English nation, will support you + in every rational and manly exertion, with these colonies, for + saving it from ruin; and that, in a constitutional connection + with the mother-country, we shall soon be altogether a free and + happy people. + + "Per order: + "JOSEPH WARREN, _President, P. T._" + + + + +NAMES OF THE KILLED AND WOUNDED AT LEXINGTON AND CONCORD. + + +The following list of the names of those first martyrs in the cause of +American liberty is given in the eighteenth volume of the +"Massachusetts Historical Collections:"-- + + LEXINGTON.--_Killed_: Jonas Parker, Robert Monroe, Samuel Hadley, + Jonathan Harrington, jr., Isaac Muzzy, Caleb Harrington, John + Brown, Jedediah Moore, John Raymond, Nathaniel Wyman, 10. + _Wounded_: John Robbins, Solomon Pierce, John Tidd, Joseph Comee, + Ebenezer Monroe, jr., Thomas Winship, Nathaniel Farmer, Prince + Estabrook, Jedediah Monroe, Francis Brown, 10. + + CONCORD.--_Wounded_: Charles Miles, Nathan Barrett, Abel + Prescott, jr., Jonas Brown, George Meriot, 5. + + CAMBRIDGE.--_Killed_: William Marcy, Moses Richardson, John + Hicks, Jason Russell, Jabez Wyman, Jason Winship, 6. _Wounded_: + Samuel Whittemore, 1. _Missing_: Samuel Frost, Seth Russell, 2. + + NEEDHAM.--_Killed_: John Bacon, Elisha Mills, Amos Mills, + Nathaniel Chamberlain, Jonathan Parker, 5. _Wounded_: Eleazer + Kingsbury, ---- Tolman, 2. + + SUDBURY.--_Killed_: Josiah Haynes, Asahel Reed, 2. _Wounded_: + Joshua Haynes, jr., 1. + + ACTON.--_Killed_: Isaac Davis, Abner Hosmer, James Hayward, 3. + _Wounded_: Luther Blanchard, 1. + + BEDFORD.--_Killed_: Jonathan Wilson, 1. _Wounded_: Job Lane, 1. + + WOBURN.--_Killed_: Daniel Thompson, Asahel Porter, 2. _Wounded_: + George Reed, Jacob Bacon, ---- Johnson, 3. + + MEDFORD.--_Killed_: Henry Putnam, William Polly, 2. + + CHARLESTOWN.--_Killed_: James Miller, Edward Barber, 2. + + WATERTOWN.--_Killed_: Joseph Coolidge, 1. + + FRAMINGHAM.--_Wounded_: Daniel Heminway, 1. + + DEDHAM.--_Killed_: Elias Haven, 1. _Wounded_: Israel Everett, 1. + + STOWE.--_Wounded_: Daniel Conant, 1. + + ROXBURY.--_Missing_: Elijah Seaver, 1. + + BROOKLINE.--_Killed_: Isaac Gardner, 1. + + BILLERICA.--_Wounded_: John Nichols, Timothy Blanchard, 2. + + CHELMSFORD.--_Wounded_: Aaron Chamberlain, Oliver Barron, 2. + + SALEM.--_Killed_: Benjamin Pierce, 1. + + NEWTON.--_Wounded_: Noah Wiswell, 1. + + DANVERS.--_Killed_: Henry Jacobs, Samuel Cook, Ebenezer + Goldthwait, George Southwick, Benjamin Deland, Jotham Webb, + Perley Putnam, 7. _Wounded_: Nathan Putnam, Dennis Wallace, 2. + _Missing_: Joseph Bell, 1. + + BEVERLY.--_Killed_: Reuben Kerryme, 1. _Wounded_: Nathaniel + Cleves, Samuel Woodbury, William Dodge, 3. + + LYNN.--_Killed_: Abednego Ramsdell, Daniel Townsend, William + Flint, Thomas Hadley, 4. _Wounded_: Joshua Felt, Timothy Monroe, + 2. _Missing_: Josiah Breed, 1. + + TOTAL: Killed, 49; Wounded, 39; Missing, 5 = 93. + + + + +A CATALOGUE +OF +REVOLUTIONARY ARTICLES +IN +THE POUGHKEEPSIE MUSEUM. + + +The following are among the Collection of Curiosities in the Museum at +Poughkeepsie:-- + +ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS. + +Letter of Washington to Governor Clinton, acquainting him of a design +of the British to seize his person while residing at Poughkeepsie, and +convey him to New York. Dated at Dobbs's Ferry, 1780. + +Letter of Washington to Brigadier-General Whiten on the subject of the +removal of the troops from Trenton to Philadelphia. Dated Plumpton +Plains, New Jersey, 1777. + +Letter of Washington on the subject of promotions in the army. Dated +1779. + +Note of invitation from Washington to Dr. John Thomas to dinner. Dr. +Thomas was surgeon of the Massachusetts line. Dated headquarters, +Newburgh, 1780. + +Soldiers' discharge, signed by Washington, 1782. + +Letter of the Marquis de Lafayette on the subject of fortifying the +North river. Written to Governor Clinton in 1778. + +Letter of the Baron Steuben to Governor Clinton on the good appearance +of the New York line of the army. Dated New Windsor, 1780. + +Letter of Lord Stirling to Governor Clinton on the discharge of the +command of Major Wessenfells. Dated Albany, 1782. + +Letter of Clinton in reply. + +Resolution drawn up in Congress, and signed by John Hancock, +requesting the state of New York to erect a monument, at continental +expense, to the memory of Brigadier-General Herkimer, killed on the +Mohawk in 1777. Dated in Congress, 1777. + +Letter of Captain Abraham Schenck, of Fishkill, containing an order +for old linen rags, for lint, for the surgeon of his command. Dated +near Croton, 1776. + +Letter of General Heath relating to beacons in the highlands. Dated +Robintson's House, 1780. + +Letter of General Heath on the condition of the prisoners confined in +the Provost prison, at West Point. Dated Highlands, 1780. + +Letter of Captain Nathaniel Toms, describing a chase after the British +over the Schuylkill in 1777. + +Journal of Lemuel Lyon, of Woodstock, Vermont, who served in the +French and Indian war, in the expedition against Ticonderoga, +commanded by General Abercrombie. The journal commences on the 5th of +April, 1758, and closes on the 16th of November, 1759. + +Journal of Samuel Haws, one of the minute-men called out on the day of +the battle of Lexington: commencing April 19, 1775, and ending in +January, 1776. + +Three original letters of Washington to Colonel Marinus Willet, +relating to a secret expedition against Oswego in 1782. Dated at +Newburgh headquarters, 1782. + +Letter of Joshua H. Smith, the person who conducted Andre toward the +British lines. Directed from Goshen jail to Governor Clinton, +complaining of the state of his health and the closeness of his +confinement. Dated 1780. + +Letter of Ezekiel Hyatt, of Crompond, Westchester county, to James +Jackson, Esq., of Fishkill, in Dutchess county, informing him that +Husson, a notorious cowboy and freebooter, had gone up to steal his +horses, and was to have a hundred guineas if he got them. Dated +Crompond, 1777. + +Letter of Lieutenant Lawrence on the subject of the departure of the +British fleet from the harbor of Newport. Dated Reading, 1780. + +Letter by the direction of Washington to Abraham Schenck and others, +of Fishkill, to solicit shirts of the inhabitants of their precinct +for the soldiers of the army, many of whom were utterly destitute of +that article. Dated Kingston, 1780. + +Letter of Samuel Barker, while confined in the Provost prison, New +York, to his wife in Westchester county. Dated Provost Prison, 1777. + + +MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. + +Lock of Washington's hair--an unquestionable relic--derived from the +late Judge Thompson, of the supreme court of the United States. +Presented by his recent widow, the present Mrs. Lansing, of +Poughkeepsie. + +Fragments of the first coffin of Washington. Presented by Lewis Grube, +Esq., artist, Poughkeepsie. + +One of the points of the _chevaux-de-frieze_ placed in the Hudson +river, near New Windsor, in 1780, to prevent the passage of the +British ships. It was raised accidentally by the anchor of a sloop +commanded by Captain Abraham Elting, in New Paltiz, Ulster county, in +1836. It is pointed with iron, and weighs some hundreds of pounds. + +Wooden camp candlestick, used in General Smallwood's brigade while +encamped at Fishkill, in Dutchess county, in the Revolution. From +Jackson Diddle, Esq., Fishkill. + +Homespun linen rifle-shirt, worn by Captain Abraham Duryea at the +battle of Long Island. From Charles Robinson, Esq., Fishkill. + +Sheet of stamp-parchment, containing the stamps and duties of the +stamp-act. + +Sword of Captain Archibald Campbell, killed at the skirmish at Ward's +house, in Weschester county, in 1776. Captain Campbell was the +commanding officer of the British party. From his grandson, Captain +Archibald Campbell, of Pawlings, Dutchess county. + +Sword of one of Lee's legion, of Virginia. It has inscribed, on one +side of the blade, "Victory or Death!"--on the opposite side, +"Grenadiers of Virginia." + +Tooth of Miss Jane M'Crea, found lying in her coffin when her remains +were disinterred and removed to Fort Edward in 1824, by Mr. George +Barker, of Sandy Hill, and presented by him to the late Captain +Matthew Danvers, of Sandy Hill, and to the collection by his widow, +Mrs. Mary Danvers, of Poughkeepsie. + +Iron-pipe tomahawk, found on the battle-field of Saratoga. From Van +Wyck Brinkerhoff, Esq., of Fishkill. + +Cannon-rammer, taken with Burgoyne at Saratoga. Purchased, with a lot +of other "lumber" (sold at West Point by order of the government, +after the Revolution), by Joseph Jackson, Esq., and others, of +Fishkill. From Van Wyck Brinkerhoff, Esq., of Fishkill. + +Knapsack of Captain David Uhl, a captain of militia in the Revolution, +and worn by him when he joined his regiment at Harlem, in 1776. It is +made of homespun linen. From his daughter, Mrs. Henry Abell, of Union +Vale, Dutchess county. + +Hessian camp-kettle, dug up on the battle-field of Bennington. By Mr. +Charles Hoag, of Dover, Dutchess county. + +Iron spur, found on the battle-field of the Cowpens. It is much +rusted, and is believed to have belonged to one of Tarleton's men. +From B. J. Lossing, Esq., of Poughkeepsie. + +United States musket, found on the line of the retreat of the +Americans from the battle-ground at Hubbardton, Vermont. It has the +date of 1774 on the breech. From B. J. Lossing, Esq. + +Collection of relics from all the battle-fields of the Revolution. +From B. J. Lossing, Esq. + +Cocked hat, worn by Lemuel Lyon on board the tea-ship in Boston +harbor. The wearer was the writer of the first Journal in this volume. +From his relative, Mr. J. Colby, of New York city. + +Surgical instruments of Dr. John Thomas, a regimental surgeon in the +Revolution. They were used in several of the principal battles of the +war. From his son, Mr. Thomas, of Poughkeepsie. + +Original portrait of Dr. John Thomas. + +Broken United States bayonet, found on the battle-ground of Guilford +Courthouse, North Carolina. By Mr. Charles Ney, of Amenia, Dutchess +county. + +Bayonet of John Woodin, a continental soldier. The point of this +instrument was broken off in the wall of the fort at Stony Point, when +in the body of a British soldier. Presented by a relative. + +A Spanish dollar, taken from the cavity of the hip-bone of a skeleton +dug up at Bemis's heights, Saratoga, in 1841. With it were five other +dollars and an English guinea, and also a fragment of leather, +supposed to be the remains of a purse or pocket-book. From Mrs. John +Wing, of Washington, Dutchess county. + +English musket, taken in a skirmish from a foraging-party of the +British in Westchester county, in the Revolution, by Captain Abraham +Meriot, of Newcastle, Westchester county, commander of a party of +American militia. From Mr. John Townsend, of Poughkeepsie. + +Tory musket, hidden during the whole period of the Revolution, in a +hollow tree, in Dover, Dutchess county, to prevent its being seized by +the committee-men and used against the king. + +English musket, brought off from the battle-field of White Plains by +Colonel Abraham Humphrey, of Smallwood's brigade. Presented by the +late Colonel Humphrey Cornell, of Beekman, Dutchess county. + +Fragments of human-bones from the battle-field of Red Bank. From B. J. +Lossing, Esq., of Poughkeepsie. + +Piece of one of the palmetto-logs of old Fort Moultrie, in Charleston +harbor. From B. J. Lessing, Esq. + +Horn of Lieutenant Charles Wallace, of the 1st Royal Highland +regiment, curiously engraved with the names and distances of all the +fortified posts from Quebec to Albany, together with the name and rank +of the wearer. It was obtained from an Indian after the battle of +Saratoga. + +Metal button, ploughed up on Quaker hill, Dutchess county, where a +division of the American array encamped in the Revolution. It has the +letters "U. S. A." raised on the surface. A number of other articles +belonging to the camp have been found in the neighborhood. A long line +of the stone fireplaces of the soldiers still remain. + +Spontoon of Lieutenant Alfred Van Wyck, of Fishkill, Dutchess county, +used in hunting the cowboys in Fishkill mountain, in the Revolution. +By his son, Theodorus Van Wyck, Esq., of Fishkill Hook, who remembers +to have been shown, within the last forty years, by an individual then +living, the bones of a "skinner," or cowboy, still lying unburied in a +defile of the mountains. + +See also, a large collection of other curiosities. + + +THE END. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Military Journals of Two Private +Soldiers, 1758-1775, by Abraham Tomlinson + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MILITARY JOURNALS OF TWO PRIVATE SOLDIERS *** + +***** This file should be named 20636.txt or 20636.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/6/3/20636/ + +Produced by David Edwards, Christine P. 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