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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Mary S. Peake
+ The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe
+
+Author: Lewis C. Lockwood
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2007 [EBook #20744]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. PEAKE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sam W. and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MARY S. PEAKE,
+
+ The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe.
+
+
+ BY REV. LEWIS C. LOCKWOOD,
+FIRST MISSIONARY TO THE FREEDMEN AT FORTRESS MONROE, 1862.
+
+
+ WITH AN APPENDIX.
+
+
+ PUBLISHED BY THE
+ AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY,
+ 28 CORNHILL, BOSTON.
+
+
+[Illustration: Mary S. Peake]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+CHAPTER I. PAGE
+
+Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious
+Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with
+the Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. 5
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.--Flight
+of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning of the
+Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. 16
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. Peake
+a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas Festival. 30
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+Failure of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell
+Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. 39
+
+APPENDIX. 53
+
+
+
+
+MARY S. PEAKE.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+ Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious
+ Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with the
+ Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage.
+
+
+The subject of this narrative was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823.
+Her maiden name was Mary Smith Kelsey. Her mother was a free colored
+woman, very light, and her father a white man--an Englishman of rank
+and culture. She was a very lovely child in person and manners, and as
+she grew up, developed traits of character which made her a universal
+favorite.
+
+When she was six years old, her mother sent her to Alexandria, for
+the purpose of attending school. She remained there in school about
+ten years, residing with her aunt, Mary Paine. Mrs. Paine occupied a
+house belonging to Mr. Rollins Fowle, and near his residence. This
+gentleman and his family were distinguished for their kindness to
+colored people. He frequently bought slaves who were in danger of
+being sold into bad hands, gave them their freedom, and set them up in
+business. John Paine, Mary's uncle, was one whom he freed in this way.
+Mary was a great pet in Mr. Fowle's family, and was treated almost
+like a daughter.
+
+A schoolmate of hers, now residing in Providence, Rhode Island, says
+Mary was a very amiable girl, and a good student. They for a time
+attended a select colored school taught by a colored woman. Afterward
+they attended a colored school taught by white teachers. The last
+teacher was Mr. Nuthall, an Englishman. He taught till a law of
+Congress enacted that the law of Virginia in relation to free colored
+people should prevail in the District of Columbia. This was several
+years before Alexandria was retroceded to Virginia. This law closed
+all colored schools in the city. Mary was compelled to leave the
+school in consequence of being informed of as having come from
+Virginia.
+
+While at school, Mary acquired a good English education, and, in
+addition to this, a knowledge of various kinds of needlework, and also
+dress-making. Her aunt was a devoted Christian, and no doubt had a
+very happy influence on Mary. Her mother also was converted when Mary
+was two or three years old. Under these influences she was early the
+subject of serious impressions. Though fond of general reading and
+study, there was no book she loved so well as the Bible. This was her
+companion and text book, and she committed large portions of it to
+memory.
+
+When sixteen years old, having finished her education, she returned to
+her mother, at Norfolk. Soon afterward, those religious elements which
+had existed from early childhood--grown with her growth and
+strengthened with her strength--became dominant by the grace of God,
+and asserted their power over her.
+
+Near her residence was a garden, connected with a large old mansion,
+between Fenchurch and Church Streets. In this garden was a dilapidated
+family tomb. It was impressed on her mind that she must go into this
+tomb to pray. At the dead hour of night she sought this gloomy abode
+of moldering coffins and scattered bones. As she entered and knelt in
+the death cell, she trembled with a fear which her prayers could not
+dissipate. Quickly and stealthily she retraced her steps, and hurried
+back to her home. Yet the next night, this girl of sixteen had the
+courage to seek the dismal place again, and the next night yet again,
+with similar results. But at length light broke upon the darkness of
+the tomb, and it became a place of delightful communion with her Lord;
+whence it was afterward called "Mary's parlor." At the midnight hour,
+she left the tomb, and broke the silence of the night with a jubilant
+song, fearless of the patrol. The song was this strain of Watts, in
+which many a saint has poured forth his soul:--
+
+ "Stand up, my soul, shake off thy fears,
+ And gird the gospel armor on;
+ March to the gates of endless joy,
+ Where Jesus, thy great Captain, 's gone.
+
+ "Hell and thy sins resist thy course,
+ But hell and sin are vanquished foes;
+ Thy Jesus nailed them to the cross,
+ And sung the triumph when he rose.
+
+ "Then let my soul march boldly on,
+ Press forward to the heavenly gate;
+ There peace and joy eternal reign,
+ And glittering robes for conquerors wait.
+
+ "There shall I wear a starry crown,
+ And triumph in almighty grace;
+ While all the armies of the skies
+ Join in my glorious Leader's praise."
+
+This strain fell on the waking ears of ladies in the house adjacent to
+the tomb, and they inquired, "What sweet music is that? Who is
+serenading at this hour?" Little did they know the spirit-promptings
+of that song.
+
+Soon after this, Mary went to visit some friends in Hampton. As she
+entered the yard, and approached the house, she sang another
+expressive hymn of Watts:--
+
+ "Firm as the earth thy gospel stands,
+ My Lord, my Hope, my Trust;
+ If I am found in Jesus' hands,
+ My soul can ne'er be lost.
+
+ "His honor is engaged to save
+ The meanest of his sheep;
+ All whom his heavenly Father gave
+ His hands securely keep.
+
+ "Nor death nor hell shall e'er remove
+ His favorites from his breast;
+ Safe on the bosom of his love
+ Shall they for ever rest."
+
+Her friends opened the door at the sound of the tender music, and as
+they looked on her face, and listened to her song, they were overcome,
+and could not restrain their emotions.
+
+Soon afterward, she united with the First Baptist Church in Norfolk,
+on Bute Street. The pastor was Rev. James A. Mitchell, who served the
+church from the time of Nat Turner's insurrection till his death,
+about 1852. He was emphatically a good man, and a father to the
+colored people--a very Barnabas, "son of consolation" indeed. A
+considerable portion of his church were colored people, and he would
+visit them at their houses, take meals with them, and enter into their
+affairs, temporal and spiritual, with a true and zealous heart. He
+never loved slavery; his private opinion was against it, but he was
+obliged to be cautious in the expression of his sentiments. He endured
+great trials for this proscribed class, and was almost a martyr in
+their behalf, his pastorate having begun just after Nat Turner's
+insurrection, which caused great persecution and restriction of
+privileges. But the Lord was with him, and made him to triumph.
+
+Mary's mother says that she delighted to visit the poor in Norfolk,
+and especially the aged. A very old man, in the suburbs, often came to
+her door, and never went empty away; and frequently at evening she
+would go and carry him warm tea, and in the winter she brought him
+wood in small armfuls. When he died, he said he wanted Mary to have
+all that belonged to him. Though he was scarcely worth three cents, it
+was a rich heart gift.
+
+Her Christian course was marked with usefulness. Self-denying devotion
+to the glory of God and the good of others characterized her earlier,
+as her later career. A deacon of the church on whom the writer called
+when recently in Norfolk, says she had a strong desire for the
+conversion of souls, and was often found exhorting them to repentance.
+Other members of the church bore the highest testimony to her uniform
+Christian deportment.
+
+In 1847, Mary's mother was married to Thompson Walker, and bought a
+house in Hampton, where they resided until the town was burned by the
+rebels in 1861. Though sustaining herself by her needle, Mary found
+time for many labors of love. Among other things, she originated a
+benevolent society, called the "Daughters of Zion," designed for
+ministration to the poor and the sick. It is still in existence.
+
+Her house, like that of Mary and Martha of old, was a place of
+spiritual resort. There the pastor, deacons, and other leading members
+of the church found congenial society. She early began the exercise of
+her gifts as a teacher. At that time, fifteen years ago, she had among
+her pupils Thompson Walker, her stepfather, William Thornton, and
+William Davis, all now able and eloquent exhorters. She was afterward
+of great service to others, who are now efficient exhorters and
+members of the church. Up to the time of the burning of Hampton, she
+was engaged in instructing children and adults, through her shrewdness
+and the divine protection eluding the vigilance of conservators of the
+slave law, or, if temporarily interfered with, again commencing and
+prosecuting her labors of love with cautious fearlessness, and this
+in the midst of the infirmities attending a feeble constitution.
+
+In 1851, Mary was married to Thomas Peake, formerly a slave, but
+afterward a free man, light colored, intelligent, pious, and in every
+respect a congenial companion, with whom she lived happily till her
+decease.
+
+The bereaved husband bears affectionate testimony to the strong mind
+and sound judgment which dwelt in that feeble frame. He loves to speak
+of his indebtedness to her richly stored mind for much of his
+knowledge of the Bible. At his request, she would sit for hours and
+relate Bible history. Others of our leading brethren also gratefully
+acknowledge that they have drawn largely from the same storehouse of
+biblical and varied knowledge.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+ Commencement of the Mission at Fortress
+ Monroe.--Flight of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning
+ of the Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen.
+
+
+About the first of September, 1861, the writer commenced the mission
+at Fortress Monroe, under the auspices of the American Missionary
+Association, and was quartered in a building called the _Seminary_.
+Three months before this, the Union troops entered Hampton from Old
+Point. The exciting scenes connected with this event have been
+narrated to me by eye-witnesses. Among these troops were Duryea's
+Zouaves, called by the people "red men," from the color of their
+dress.
+
+The utmost consternation seized the inhabitants of Hampton, when they
+found the Union troops were approaching. Many of the colored people
+even were in a state of suspense. All kinds of stories had been told
+in regard to what the Yankees would do with them. Yet hope
+predominated over fear. They could hardly believe that the Yankees
+meant them any harm. But unmitigated fear filled the breasts of the
+secessionists. There had been loud boasts of what they would do; but
+when the red trowsers approached, their bravery all ran down into
+their nimble feet. The battery of several large guns which they had
+planted, and which might have done great mischief to the Union troops,
+had they been bravely manned, was drawn off. In their confusion, the
+bridge was first fired, and then the fire extinguished. Men, women,
+and children ran screaming in every direction, crying, "They come!
+they come! What shall we do?"
+
+Here is a man within doors, gun in hand, pacing the floor in
+consternation, ever and anon rushing to the window, and casting a
+frightened glance in the direction of the road from the fort, till he
+espies the Turk-like looking forms, moving "double quick," when he
+darts from the house, screaming, "They are coming! they are coming!"
+Off he flies, with the fleetness of fear, and in a few moments is seen
+no more.
+
+But in one house there are _two_ individuals, fearless and calm: Mrs.
+Peake and her little daughter Daisy sit alike unalarmed; the one in
+child-like faith, the other in child-like simplicity. Mrs. Walker,
+Mrs. Peake's mother, is in a neighbor's house. Some time previous, the
+lady of the house, an intimate friend, having great confidence in
+sister Walker's prayers, said to her, "Sally, you must pray harder."
+
+"Oh," said she, "I do pray as hard as I can."
+
+"How do you pray, Sally?"
+
+"I pray that the Lord's will may be done."
+
+"You don't pray right, Sally," said one of them; "you must pray for
+Jeff. Davis."
+
+"Oh," said she, "I pray as well as I can, and as hard as I can. I am
+praying all the time."
+
+"That's right," said the other; "pray on, Sally--your prayer will
+surely be heard. You can't pray any better prayer than you do. Pray
+that the Lord's will may be done: I am sure it is the Lord's will that
+the Yankees should not come here to disturb us; and I have faith to
+believe they will not. Pray on, Sally; pray as hard as you can."
+
+"I will, ma'am."
+
+Time passed on; and now, on that fearful morning, just after the sun
+has peeped above the horizon, lo, the Yankees! The strong faith above
+expressed fails the possessor; and she, who would scarcely have set
+foot on the ground for very delicacy, and who would not have been seen
+riding out, unless in a fine carriage, drawn by fine horses, elegantly
+harnessed, is now heard calling for any old horse or mule, and any
+rickety wagon or cart, with rope harness--any thing--any thing to take
+her out of the reach of the Yankees! Masters and mistresses are now
+turned fugitives.
+
+Here is one of many interviews between masters and slaves.
+
+"What's the matter, master?"
+
+"Oh, the Yankees are coming!"
+
+"Are they? are they? What shall I do, master?" with affected tokens of
+fear.
+
+"Get out of the town as soon as you can."
+
+"Oh, master, I'm afraid to leave the house. Oh, those Yankees! Do you
+think they will hurt me?"
+
+"Yes, they'll take you and sell you off to Cuba. Perhaps they'll kill
+you."
+
+"Will they, master?"
+
+"Yes, I tell you; why don't you leave the town, you rascal?"
+
+"Oh, master, I don't know what to do. You an't a-going to leave us for
+the Yankees to catch; are you?"
+
+"Yes, I'm off, and you better be off with yourself--if you don't I'll
+shoot you."
+
+"Oh, master, don't shoot me--don't leave me!"
+
+"There they come!"
+
+"Where, master, where? where?"
+
+"I can't stop--good by--you better be off!"
+
+But Tony laughs in his sleeve, and says, with upturned eyes, "I'm not
+afraid of the Yankees! Bless God, old master's gone--hope he'll never
+come back any more!"
+
+The Zouaves, on "double quick," approach nearer, and up rides one of
+the secessionists, in hot haste.
+
+"What's the matter, master? What's the matter?" inquires an
+intelligent negro.
+
+"Oh, matter enough, you villain. You brought all this trouble on us. I
+am disappointed in you; I thought you would stick by us; but you
+desert your best friends in extremity. You won't find those Yankees
+what you expect."
+
+"Oh, master, won't you stay and protect us?"
+
+"No; good by, you villain. I'm out of town, and so you had better be,
+very quick." And on he flies.
+
+The Zouaves are now crossing the bridge,--now they enter the
+town,--and as they pass through street after street, with hats off,
+they bow politely to the colored people, who cheer them from doors and
+windows. Now every fear is dissipated. Colored knees are bent, and
+colored lips praise the Lord. The hope that had all along predominated
+over fear is more than met, and the town is full of gladness. The
+tidings spread, and the place is soon thronged with colored people
+from the country around.
+
+But how different with the white inhabitants! Go with me to the
+Sinclair estate--a mile or two north of the town. One of the officers
+rides up to the house, and says,--
+
+"Do you own this place?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"Well, deliver up all your horses."
+
+Sam Simpson, the colored foreman, says, "Boys, bring up the horses."
+
+"Oh, sir, spare an old man!"
+
+"Hurry out those horses!"
+
+"Oh, Sam, stand by me! Oh, dear, I shall die! Don't leave me! Don't
+leave me!"
+
+Poor old man! His ill-gotten riches are taking wings; the day of
+retribution has come upon him, and, in spite of a sense of its
+justice, we can not withhold our pity.
+
+The colored people were soon set to work in constructing the battery
+in Hampton, under the superintendence of Mr. Pierce, of the
+Massachusetts regiment, since then superintendent of the Port Royal
+cotton culture. They worked with a will, so that he was obliged to
+suspend labor during the heat of the day, lest they should over-exert
+themselves. After a month had elapsed, the battle of Big Bethel was
+fought, and _not_ won; and soon after, the disastrous defeat and
+flight of Bull Run occurred.
+
+To reënforce the army of the Potomac a large part of the troops at
+Fortress Monroe were ordered away. General Butler, concluding that he
+had not sufficient force to hold Hampton, ordered it to be evacuated.
+He gave a week's notice to the colored people to leave, and find
+refuge on the other side of the bridge. But many of them delayed too
+long, and were able to move but a part of their goods; in consequence
+of which they suffered serious loss.
+
+Among these was Mr. Peake. He lost a large part of his furniture, as
+well as his two houses. The order of the rebel General Magruder to
+fire the place was a gross exhibition of vandalism, without the
+justifiable plea of military necessity. The incendiary work began on
+the west side of the village, and spread toward the wharves. Hemmed in
+by the conflagration on one side, and our firing on the opposite
+shore, many of the executers of the order fell dead or wounded, and
+were consumed by the voracious flames. Those who witnessed it said it
+was an appalling sight.
+
+The evacuation took place on the 7th and the conflagration on the 8th
+of August. I arrived about a month afterward, and on visiting Hampton,
+in company with the provost marshal, Captain Burleigh, I found only
+about half a dozen houses that had escaped. One large house had had
+its floor fired, but the fire had mysteriously gone out, without doing
+much damage. A large new building, a little out of town, was also
+standing uninjured. But the most of the village was a charred ruin;
+the unsightly chimneys, and a few more or less dilapidated walls,
+surviving to tell the story of what had been.
+
+Thus the place remained in abandoned isolation during the winter. But
+with the beginning of spring, the progress of our arms opened Hampton
+to reoccupation. It was thought proper that those who, during the
+winter, had been confined in large houses, overcrowded, should at
+once build up the ruins, and provide themselves homes. To this end,
+application was made for an appropriation of government lumber for
+past services. Some lumber was received in this way, and the
+evacuation of the camps by the soldiers, who had winter quarters here,
+furnished still more.
+
+Quite a large number of neat cottages have already been built. I
+encouraged the people to build these small tenements on lots belonging
+to the most decided rebels, hoping that, if not claimed by former
+owners, these homesteads would be given to the occupants by
+government. Thus Hampton is becoming quite a thriving, free
+settlement, supported by fishing, oystering, huckstering, artisanship,
+gardening, and farming. Colored people have settled on farms vacated
+by owners, and will do well in keeping dairies, and cultivating the
+land, and gathering its fruit, if not molested.
+
+The old court-house walls, that survived the fire, have been inclosed
+for a church and school house. The work was done by colored mechanics.
+It seems fit that this place, where injustice has been sanctioned by
+law, should be converted into a sanctuary of justice, righteousness,
+and free education.
+
+We consider that we are here trying the very highest experiment with
+ex-slaves. They are here emphatically "turned loose," and are shifting
+for themselves,--doing their own head-work and hand-work. It is not to
+be expected that on the "sacred soil of Virginia" this experiment
+should be carried out without encountering difficulties; but we feel
+it to be a thing of blessed interest to follow as Providence leads,
+and do the work of faith and love, leaving the result with him. There
+is inspiration in the reflection that we are doing a representative
+work, and whatever the issue, the work will not be burned up, nor the
+workers permitted to suffer essential loss. We know that our labor is
+not in vain in the Lord.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+ Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs.
+ Peake a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas
+ Festival.
+
+
+The religious and educational part of the mission has been one of
+blessedness and promise. And in this, as in everything else, I have
+aimed to teach self-development. In connection with the gathering of
+the people in religious meetings, I proposed to commence Sabbath and
+week-day schools, with such teachers as I had at hand. Meanwhile, some
+of the children of the vicinity, getting perhaps some hint of my
+intention, or prompted by an impulse from on high, called on Mrs.
+Peake, and requested her to teach them, as she had taught the children
+in Hampton.
+
+It was with much gratification that I learned this request. I soon
+found from observation, as well as information, that we had in her a
+teacher of the choicest spirit, and of peculiar qualifications. She
+was happy in having pupils as ready to learn as to request
+instruction. Her school numbered at first only about half a dozen, but
+in a few days she had between fifty and sixty. These scholars were
+found to have generally very fair intellectual capabilities, and a few
+evinced quite rare talents. Among these was her own little daughter,
+five years old, named Hattie, but familiarly called by the pet name of
+Daisy. She learned to read simple lessons fluently in a very short
+time. Others also exhibited a precocity which from day to day rewarded
+and stimulated the ardor of this devoted teacher.
+
+Mrs. Peake was not satisfied with the ordinary routine of the week-day
+school room, but felt that the teacher of a mission school should aim
+to educate the children for eternity as well as for time. She found
+great assistance in the primer, catechism, and other elementary
+religious books, with which she had been furnished. She felt that the
+teachings of the week-day school ought to be largely preparatory to
+the rehearsals of the Sabbath school. What an impression for good
+would be made upon the rising generation, were this course universally
+pursued!
+
+Mrs. Peake deeply realized that every undertaking, and especially that
+of training the young, should be begun and continued with prayer. She
+not only prayed with her pupils, but taught them to pray. Having a
+rich store of scriptural knowledge, and feeling its worth, and the
+importance of simplifying it to the young, in order to awaken their
+interest, she bestowed special attention on catechetical instruction.
+Not satisfied with having Scripture truths committed to memory, she
+explained and inculcated them, with line upon line and precept upon
+precept, drawn from her own knowledge and experience. I can not think
+that this spiritual instruction interfered in the least with the
+other, but rather was a handmaid to it, furnishing a pleasant as well
+as profitable variety, awakening and developing heart and mind at
+once.
+
+Mrs. Peake also considered singing an important part of a right
+education. Among the favorite hymns first learned and sung in her
+school were, "I want to be an angel," "There is a happy land," "Around
+the throne of God in heaven," "Here we meet to part again," "In heaven
+we part no more," and others of kindred spirit, so familiar in the
+Sabbath schools at the North. How ardent was her desire to win the
+young intellect and affections for Jesus and heaven! With strict
+appropriateness may we apply to her the poet's language,--
+
+ "And as a bird each fond endearment tries,
+ To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies,
+ She tried each art, reproved each dull delay,
+ Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way."
+
+While Mrs. Peake attached prime importance to the training of the
+rising generation, she felt that great improvement might be made among
+the adults. This view inspired her action from the first in Hampton,
+and with a blessed result, that is now apparent to all. She was
+accordingly very ready to gratify the desire of a number of adults for
+an evening school, notwithstanding her increasing infirmities. The
+result is, that several, who scarcely knew the alphabet before, now
+begin to read with considerable readiness.
+
+In these multiplied labors, she exhibited a martyr spirit, of the true
+type. Often when she was confined to her bed, her pupils would be
+found around her, drawing knowledge as it were from her very life.
+Again and again did Dr. Browne, brigade surgeon, who concerned himself
+for her like a brother, advise her to consider her weakness, and
+intermit her exhausting duties. The scene of these labors was the
+Brown Cottage, near the seminary, fronting on Hampton Roads. The
+school room was the front room, first story. Her own family apartment
+was the front room, second story. It will ever be a place about which
+precious memories will linger.
+
+It was proposed that, on Christmas day, the children of the school
+should have a festival. All the week previous, they were busy, with
+their teacher, in preparations and rehearsals. A large room on the
+first floor of the seminary was decorated with evergreens for the
+occasion, and at one end a platform was constructed. At an early hour
+in the evening, the room was crowded with colored children and
+adults, and soldiers and officers. The programme opened with the
+singing of "My country, 'tis of thee." Chaplain Fuller read the
+account of the nativity of Christ. Dr. Linson prayed. Then the
+children discoursed very sweet music in solo, semi-chorus, and chorus,
+and at intervals spoke pieces in a very commendable manner,
+considering that it was probably the first attempt of colored children
+in the South.
+
+Little Daisy, (Mrs. Peake's only child,) about five years old, was the
+acknowledged star of the evening. She sang very prettily in solo, and
+also in connection with the chorus. She sang alone the whole of the
+hymn, "I want to be an angel."
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE DAISY.]
+
+I spoke of the contrast between the present and the past. A year ago,
+_white_ children in Hampton could enjoy a scene of this kind, but
+_colored_ children were excluded. But now times have changed. The
+white man's child is away, and the colored man's child is on the
+stage, and swells the choral song. And this is but a miniature picture
+of what will be. The present is prophetic of the future. The few
+hundred children about Fortress Monroe, now gathered into schools,
+after the pattern of this first school, are types of one million of
+children throughout the sunny South, on whom the sunlight of knowledge
+is yet to shine.
+
+After the concert exercises, the members of the school and others
+repaired to the Brown Cottage. Here we were conducted into the school
+room, which, like the concert room, was tastefully decorated with
+evergreens; and we filed around a long table laden with refreshments,
+and surrounded with Christmas trees, loaded with good things, all
+gotten up spontaneously by, and at the expense of, the colored people
+in the neighborhood. The viands were partaken of with a relish, and
+by unanimous consent it was declared a merry Christmas of the right
+type; the children sang, "Merry Christmas to all! Merry Christmas!
+Merry Christmas to all!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+ Failing of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell
+ Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion.
+
+
+After the exciting scenes of the Christmas festival, Mrs. Peake's
+health sensibly declined, and in a week or two she was obliged to
+suspend, and soon to give up entirely, the charge to which she had
+clung with such tenacity. I visited her frequently, and was the bearer
+of clothing and other tokens from friends at the North. Every thing in
+our power was done to cheer her, and never were ministerings more
+cordially bestowed, or more gratefully received and richly repaid. To
+visit her had always been a privilege, but the privilege was doubly
+precious during her last illness. To see how a frail woman, with an
+exquisitely nervous temperament, could deliberately and calmly bid
+farewell to family, pupils, and friends, and yield herself into her
+Father's hands, to pass through the ordeal of sickness and death, was
+a privilege and a blessing.
+
+In her presence I was a learner, and, under the inspiration of her
+words and example, obtained new strength for fresh endeavors in the
+cause of God and humanity. In one of my visits, she told me that I
+must give her love to the committee in New York, and all the friends
+of the mission; that she had had a bright vision of her Saviour, and
+he had assured her that the cause would triumph; that we were sowing
+seed which would spring up and become a tree, to overspread the whole
+earth; that we should be a great blessing to this down-trodden people,
+and they would fulfill a glorious destiny. "Oh, yes," said she,
+"brother Lockwood, you will succeed, for Jesus has told me so this
+morning."
+
+For two weeks previous to her death, she seemed to be in the "land of
+Beulah," on the "mountains of the shepherds," where, like Bunyan's
+pilgrim, she could clearly descry the promised land. She had a strong
+desire to depart and be with Christ, which was far better than even
+his most intimate earthly visits. Again and again, as I called to see
+her, she assured me that she had had a fresh visit from her Saviour,
+and he had told her that where he was she should be, and she would be
+like him when she should see him as he is. She knew not where in the
+universe heaven might be, but where her Saviour was, there would be
+her heaven, for she would be with him.
+
+Her constantly increasing cough and expectoration, though not attended
+with much pain, were, as usual, accompanied with uneasiness, want of
+sleep, and great weakness, which made her frequently request prayer
+that she might have patience to bear all without a murmur, and await
+her Father's will. She wanted to say, with the feelings of Job, "All
+the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. I know
+that my Redeemer liveth."
+
+At one time, her symptoms seemed more favorable, and I expressed a
+hope of her recovery. "No," said she; "I have taken leave of my
+family, and of every thing on earth, and I would rather go, if it be
+God's will; only I want to wait patiently till he comes to call me."
+Her husband and mother told me that, during the previous night, she
+had bidden them all farewell, and left farewell messages for her
+school, and the church, and all her friends. She had thus set her
+house in order, to die, or, rather, to live a diviner life, and she
+was waiting the summons home. She said that she felt like a little
+child in her Father's arms; and if, by lifting a pebble, she could
+hold back her spirit, she would not do it.
+
+Several days before her death, she requested me to sing "The
+Christian's Home in Glory," or "Rest for the Weary"--a hymn, with its
+tune, dear to her for itself and for its associations. As I repeated
+the chorus, she exclaimed, again and again, with great tenderness and
+emphasis, "Rest, rest, rest! Oh, brother Lockwood, there I shall rest,
+rest, rest! This weary head shall rest on my Saviour's bosom."
+
+When I had sung the last stanza,--
+
+ "Sing, oh, sing, ye heirs of glory,
+ Shout your triumph as you go,"--
+
+she burst out in an ecstasy that seemed as if the spirit would break
+away from the body, "Oh, brother, I shall sing! I shall shout! Won't
+we sing? Won't we shout? Yes, we shall--we shall sing and shout!"
+
+On Saturday morning, February 22, she was in a very happy frame of
+mind, and said that she had had precious visits from her Saviour; he
+had told her that he was coming soon, and would fulfill her heart's
+desire in taking her to him. Her mother said, that during the previous
+night she had been constantly reaching up, and sometimes she would cry
+out, with great earnestness, "Do not leave me, dear Jesus."
+
+She requested me to sing for her, and I sung, "The Shining Shore," and
+"Homeward Bound." During the singing of the last stanza of the latter
+song, she was filled with joy.
+
+ "Into the harbor of heaven now we glide,
+ We're home at last!
+ Softly we drift o'er its bright silver tide,
+ We're home at last!
+ Glory to God! All our dangers are o'er;
+ We stand secure on the glorified shore;
+ Glory to God! we will shout evermore,
+ We're home at last!"
+
+"Yes," she exclaimed, "home at last! Glory to God! Home at last! Oh,
+I shall soon be home--home--home at last!"
+
+On the night of that day, about twelve o'clock, her waiting, longing
+spirit went home. Washington's birthday was her birthday to a higher
+life. After many a sleepless night, this last evening she was
+permitted to rest quietly, till the midnight cry struck upon her ear,
+"Behold, the bridegroom cometh!" It found her ready, with her lamp
+trimmed and burning. Calling for her mother, she threw herself into
+her embrace, as her spirit did into the embrace of her Saviour.
+
+Just at midnight, on all the ships in Hampton Roads,--and which are so
+near us that the cry on shipboard is distinctly heard on shore,--the
+watchman cried aloud, as usual, "Twelve o'clock, and all's well!" The
+sound penetrated the sick chamber, and the dying invalid apparently
+heard it. She smiled sweetly, and then breathed her last sigh, and
+entered upon that rest which remains for the people of God.
+
+The next morning, which was the Sabbath, I called, and found her
+husband and mother bearing up under their bereavement with Christian
+fortitude. They could smile through their tears; though they wept, it
+was not as those who have no hope. In the services of the day, the
+bereaved were remembered in fervent, sympathizing prayer. We all felt
+sorely afflicted, and would have grieved, but for the thought that our
+temporary loss was her eternal gain. In the evening, a prayer meeting
+was held till midnight in the room where her body lay; but all felt
+like saying, She is not here; her spirit is with her Father and our
+Father, her God and our God.
+
+On Monday, at eleven o'clock, a large concourse assembled at her
+funeral. We met in her school room, at the Brown Cottage, a place
+sweetened and hallowed by associations with her crowning labors, and
+thus a fit place for these leave-taking services. The occasion was one
+of mingled sorrow and joy. The services were begun by singing,
+according to her request, the familiar hymn,--
+
+ "I would not live alway,"--
+
+to the tune of "Sweet Home," in which it is generally sung by the
+people here, with the chorus,--
+
+ "Home! Home! Sweet, sweet home!
+ There's no place like heaven, there's no place like home!"
+
+The impression was very thrilling. Chaplain Fuller, of the sixteenth
+Massachusetts regiment, offered prayer--praying fervently for the
+bereaved mother and husband, and for little Daisy, who would one day
+realize more than now a mother's worth by her loss. We then sung,
+according to her request, her favorite hymn, "The Christian's Home in
+Glory," or "Rest for the Weary." I selected for my text Hebrews
+4:9--"There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God." At the
+conclusion of the sermon the children sang,--
+
+ "Here we suffer grief and pain;
+ Here we meet to part again;
+ In heaven we part no more.
+ Oh, that will be joyful,
+ Joyful, joyful, joyful,
+ Oh, that will be joyful,
+ When we meet to part no more.
+
+ "_Little children_ will be there,
+ Who have sought the Lord by prayer,
+ From every Sabbath school.
+ Oh, that will be joyful, &c.
+
+ "_Teachers_, too, shall meet above,
+ And our _pastors_, whom we love,
+ Shall meet to part no more.
+ Oh, that will be joyful," &c.
+
+The coffin was then opened, and we took the last, lingering look at a
+face whose heavenly lineaments I can never forget.
+
+In long procession, in which her recent charge bore a prominent part,
+we accompanied her to her resting place. The place of her sepulture is
+about a hundred yards north of the seminary, on the bank of the inlet.
+A live-oak tree stands at her head, projecting its emblematic
+evergreen foliage over the sod-roofed tenement.
+
+The departed selected, as a remembrance of her immortality, the 17th
+verse of the 118th Psalm, "I shall not die, but live." The thirty-nine
+years of her earthly existence were but the prelude to a life beyond
+the sky; and while her spirit survives the ravages of death, her name
+shall live in memory.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+In this unpretending memoir may its subject live again, and not in
+vain. May teachers gather from her example fresh inspiration, and the
+benevolent Christian fresh impulses in doing good. May they who enjoy
+advantages superior to those of her proscribed race, take heed lest
+the latter, by the better improvement of the little light enjoyed,
+rise up in the judgment and condemn them.
+
+Let Sabbath scholars, and children of pious parentage and Christian
+education, who from earliest years have not only been taught to lisp
+the Saviour's name, but to read it, pity the slave child, shut out
+from such advantages, and give heed to instruction, lest, having more
+given and unimproved, they be beaten with many stripes. Let all who
+have an interest at the throne of grace remember little Daisy, and
+pray that she may walk in her mother's footsteps, as far as she
+followed Christ, only following more closely, attaining still greater
+excellence, achieving still greater usefulness, and winning a still
+brighter crown of glory.
+
+As the enlarging harvest field whitens into ripeness, may the Lord of
+the harvest send forth an increasing number of laborers. Oh, who will
+give ear to the echoing cry, "Come over and help us"? Come to the
+harvest work, and you too, with arms full of golden sheaves, shall
+shout the harvest home. Who will pay the hire of the laborers? Who
+will lend to the Lord the capital needful to secure the harvest in
+season and well? For such there shall be untold riches laid up in
+heaven. And who will sustain those who bear the burden and heat of the
+day, by the buoyancy of prayer? This is a work thrice blessed to all
+concerned.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+MISSION TO THE FREEDMEN.
+
+
+On the 8th of August, 1861, a letter was addressed to Major-General
+Butler, then in command at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by the treasurer
+of the American Missionary Association, respecting the people whom he
+had denominated "contrabands." In this letter, the writer communicated
+to General Butler the wishes of some persons in the free states, that,
+as considerable embarrassment was felt by the public authorities with
+regard to the increasing numbers of colored persons who had fled and
+were fleeing for protection to the forts and camps of the United
+States, they should be sent into the free states to obtain employment.
+A prompt and courteous reply was received, and, in reference to the
+desire expressed, General Butler stated that the "contrabands" would
+be protected; that many of them would be employed in government
+service; that there was land enough to cultivate in Virginia; and as
+the freedmen would never be suffered to return into bondage, there was
+no necessity for sending any of them to the Northern States.
+
+The executive committee of the association, feeling highly encouraged
+by these assurances, at once determined to commence a mission at
+Fortress Monroe. Rev. Lewis C. Lockwood was commissioned as their
+first missionary to the freedmen. He repaired to Washington, where he
+received encouragement from the government, and recommendation to the
+commanding general, Wool, who had succeeded General Butler. General
+Wool received him cordially, heartily approved the plan, and afforded
+him all needful facilities.
+
+Mr. Lockwood conferred with the leading persons among the freedmen,
+investigated the condition and wants of the people, made arrangements
+for week-day and Sabbath meetings, organized week-day and evening
+schools, employed several of the most intelligent and gifted colored
+people as assistants, and through the committee in New York made
+urgent appeals for clothing, &c., for the destitute, and also for
+additional missionaries and teachers.
+
+The late lamented Mrs. Mary S. Peake was the first teacher employed.
+She continued to teach as long as her health permitted, and near to
+the time of her decease. Other teachers have been employed; chaplains
+in the army and pious soldiers have proffered their occasional
+services, and the religious meetings, Sabbath schools, and week-day
+schools, have been well attended. Mr. Lockwood labored there thirteen
+months, and then removed to another field. In his final report, he
+states that he had ministered to a congregation at Hampton, where the
+average attendance was four hundred; and to a congregation at Fortress
+Monroe, where the average attendance was about the same.
+
+A day school was kept in a house, near Hampton, formerly the residence
+of Ex-President Tyler, which was wholly given up for the use of the
+freedmen. This school was subsequently removed to the old Court House
+at Hampton, which had been fitted up for the purpose, government
+furnishing a portion of the lumber. This school became the largest
+under the care of the freedmen's teachers, and numbered at one time
+five hundred scholars. Among the ruins of Hampton, which had, at an
+early period of the rebellion, been burned by the rebels, the colored
+people erected rude cottages, the materials being gathered from the
+vacated camps, the deserted dwellings of fugitive slaveholders, &c.
+
+Such of the freedmen as were not employed by government have obtained
+a living by fishing, oystering, huckstering, carting, washing, &c.
+
+
+INTERESTING FACTS.
+
+Many highly interesting facts have been communicated with regard to
+the freedmen--their natural endowments, their facility in acquiring
+knowledge in letters and arms, their industrial habits, their
+shrewdness in business transactions, their gratitude, their courage,
+their acquaintance with passing events, their confidence that the
+result of the rebellion will be the liberation of their people, and
+their piety. Some of these facts have been extensively published, and
+have been read with high gratification. It is thought that a few of
+these facts may add to the value of this little publication.
+
+[Illustration: A "CONTRABAND" SCHOOL.]
+
+
+SCHOOLS FOR THE CHILDREN.
+
+A young teacher at Hampton, Virginia, writes as follows: "When I first
+commenced the school here, I found the children such as slavery
+makes--quarrelsome, thievish, uncleanly in their persons and attire,
+and seemingly inclined to almost every species of wickedness; and it
+appeared to me that they were too far gone to be ever raised to any
+thing like intelligent children at the North. But I found that I had
+reckoned without my host in the persons of these children.
+
+"At the end of the first week there was a decided improvement
+manifested, and in four weeks you hardly ever saw one hundred and
+fifty children more cleanly in their persons and apparel. Their
+lessons were, in most cases, quickly and correctly learned, and their
+behavior was kind and affectionate toward each other, while in singing
+the sweet little Sabbath school songs, I should not hesitate to put
+them side by side with the best of our Sabbath-school scholars at the
+North. And they so fully appreciate my humble efforts in their behalf,
+that my table in the school room is loaded, morning and noon, with
+oranges, lemons, apples, figs, candies, and other sweet things too
+numerous to mention, all testifying their love to me, although I can
+do so little for them."
+
+Another teacher, at Beaufort, South Carolina, writes: "My school
+numbered about forty of the children. Most of them were very dirty and
+poorly dressed, all very black in color. A happier group of children I
+never expect to witness than those who composed my school: bright
+eyes, happy looks, kind and patient dispositions, made them look
+attractive to my eyes, though they were 'horribly black,' as some have
+called them, and very dirty at first. But they were so innocent, so
+despised by others, and withal so anxious to learn, that I felt a true
+sympathy for them.
+
+"Their masters have kept them in darkness and degradation. This is
+only the result of slavery.
+
+"They are very eager to learn. Every one wishes to be taught first;
+yet, unlike some white children, they are patient and willing to wait.
+They do not easily tire of study, but are very diligent in getting
+their lessons. I have known them to teach each other, or sit alone and
+drill over a lesson for two hours at a time.
+
+"Let me relate to you a little incident that will illustrate what I
+have just said. One day, at Beaufort, soon after we landed, while
+walking through the upper portion of the town, I heard a little voice
+saying the alphabet, while another wee voice, scarcely audible, was
+repeating it after the first. I looked quickly around to discover from
+whence the voice came; and what do you think I saw? Why, seated on the
+piazza of a large empty house were two of the blackest little negro
+children, one about seven, the other not more than three years old.
+The elder had his arm thrown lovingly around the almost naked form of
+the other, and with an open primer in the lap of one, they were at
+their study. An hour after, I returned by the same spot, and was both
+pleased and surprised to find them still at it. God bless the little
+ones!
+
+"This desire, or rather eagerness, to learn to read, is manifested by
+all. I have stopped by the wayside many a time, and have immediately
+collected a group of old and young about me, and have made them repeat
+the alphabet after me slowly, letter by letter. They esteem it the
+greatest kindness I can show them, and as I turn to depart, the
+fervent 'God bless you, massa,' 'Tank de Lord, massa,' reach my ears."
+
+
+MORALS OF THE FREEDMEN.
+
+After the mission had been established, one of the officers' wives
+remarked to another, "I do not miss my things nowadays."
+
+Nearly all the church members had taken the temperance pledge.
+
+"They have their vices," writes a northern physician on one of the
+plantations on Port Royal Island; "deception and petty thieving
+prevail. They are careless, indolent, and improvident. They have a
+miserable habit of scolding and using authoritative language to one
+another. All these vices are clearly the result of _slave education_,
+and will gradually disappear under improved conditions.... If one is
+honest with them, and gets their confidence, the rest is easily
+accomplished."
+
+
+MARRIAGE.
+
+A very large portion, probably, at least, more than half of the
+"married" freed people, had been married only in slave fashion, by
+"taking up together," or living together by mutual agreement, without
+any marriage ceremony. The missionary proposed to such that they
+should be married agreeably to the usages in the free states. The
+leaders of the colored people were conversed with, and they, without
+exception, agreed as to the propriety of the measure. One, now
+advanced in life, said, that when he proposed to his companion to go
+to a minister and be lawfully married, she replied, "Oh, what use will
+it be? Master can separate us to-morrow." But he coincided fully in
+the propriety of the proposed course.
+
+Mr. Lockwood, after preaching on the sanctity of the marriage
+relation, proceeded to unite in wedlock several couples, among whom
+were some who had lived together for years. He gave each of the
+parties a certificate, in handsome form, which they seemed to prize
+very highly. It appeared to have a most beneficial effect upon the
+parties themselves, and the whole population.
+
+
+NATIVE ELOQUENCE.
+
+Not a few of the freedmen, though illiterate, exhibit remarkable
+powers of eloquence. The missionary, in describing the address of one
+of them, after a discourse by the former, says, "The address was a
+masterpiece. It melted every heart. He appealed to the soldiers
+present who were in rebellion against God, striving to put down
+rebellion in this land, and asked them how they, who had been taught
+to read the Bible, and had learned the Lord's Prayer in infancy from a
+mother's lips, could stand in judgment, when a poor, despised, and
+inferior race, who, though denied the Bible, had been taught of God,
+and found their way to Christ, should rise up and condemn them. He
+then turned to his fellow 'contrabands,' and entreated them to embrace
+thankfully, and improve, the boon already given. He considered the
+present a pledge of the future--the virtual emancipation of fifteen or
+eighteen hundred the promise of the emancipation of four millions. The
+Lord works from little to great."
+
+
+CHURCH MEETING.
+
+The missionary wrote: "Last Thursday I had an opportunity to observe
+the intellectual state of a considerable number of the brethren at a
+church meeting. I was surprised at their understanding and wisdom in
+regard to church order and propriety, and tone of discipline. As the
+church records had been burned up in the church edifice at Hampton, I
+inquired how far any of them could recall their contents. One or two
+replied that they could almost repeat the church regulations from
+memory.
+
+"In the discussion, high ground was taken in regard to the Sabbath,
+the temperance cause, and other matters of Christian morality. In
+discipline, stress was laid on the propriety and duty of private
+admonition, in its successive scriptural steps, before public censure.
+On this point one brother said he had privately admonished a neighbor
+of the impropriety of taking articles to the camp on the Sabbath, and
+he had acknowledged his fault, and promised amendment. The duty of
+forgiving offenders, and undoing wrongs, was also insisted on. Several
+had been improperly excluded from church privileges through the
+influence of white power. It was, therefore, decided to-day that those
+who had the confidence of the church should be restored to
+church-fellowship unconditionally."
+
+One of the members, and an aged leader, stated that he had on one
+occasion been seized by a white deacon, dragged down from the gallery,
+and threatened with thirty-nine lashes, because there was a little of
+the Methodist in his composition, and he had "got happy and shouted in
+meeting."
+
+On another occasion, William Davis concluded some remarks as follows:
+"I hope that all of you, old and young, will learn to read, as I did.
+When I was converted, I was anxious to learn to read God's book. I
+kneeled down by my book, [he here kneeled by the table,] and prayed
+that God would teach me to read it--if only a little, I would be
+thankful. And I learned, and you can if you will, for you have no one
+to hinder you, as I had. We should all show that we are worthy of
+freedom. Only educate us, and we will show ourselves capable of
+knowledge. Some say we have not the same faculties and feelings with
+white folks.... All we want is cultivation. What would the best soil
+produce without cultivation? We want to get wisdom. That is all we
+need. Let us get that, and we are made for time and eternity."
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+All spelling is as it appears in the original text. The frontispiece
+illustration has been moved to follow the title page, and the 'Little
+Daisy' illustration has been shifted slightly so that it is not in the
+middle of a paragraph.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood
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+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+ <head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+ <title>
+ The Project Gutenberg eBook of /*, by AUTHOR.
+ </title>
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+/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */
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+
+ body{margin-left: 10%;
+ margin-right: 10%;
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+
+ .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
+ /* visibility: hidden; */
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+ text-align: right;
+ } /* page numbers */
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+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Mary S. Peake
+ The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe
+
+Author: Lewis C. Lockwood
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2007 [EBook #20744]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. PEAKE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sam W. and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>MARY S. PEAKE,</h1>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+<h2>The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe.</h2>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+<h2><span class="smcap">By REV. LEWIS C. LOCKWOOD</span>,</h2>
+<h4>FIRST MISSIONARY TO THE FREEDMEN AT FORTRESS MONROE, 1862.</h4>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+<h3>WITH AN APPENDIX.</h3>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;">
+<img src="images/mptct_01.jpg" width="100" height="104"
+alt="Publisher&#39;s device"
+title="&quot;ATS 1814&quot;" />
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+<h4>PUBLISHED BY THE</h4>
+
+<h3>AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY,</h3>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">28 Cornhill, Boston.</span></h4>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 419px;">
+<img src="images/mptct_02.jpg" width="419" height="600"
+alt="Portrait of Mary S. Peake"
+title="Mary S. Peake" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="60%" summary="Table of Contents">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdc">CHAPTER I.</td>
+ <td class="tdr"><span class="smcap lowercase">PAGE</span></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdl">Birth and Parentage.&mdash;Education.&mdash;Religious
+Convictions.&mdash;Prayers in the Tomb.&mdash;Union with the
+Church.&mdash;Labors for the Poor.&mdash;Marriage.</td>
+ <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdc">CHAPTER II.</td>
+ <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdl">Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.&mdash;Flight
+of the Rebels from Hampton.&mdash;Burning of the Town.&mdash;The Place reoccupied
+by Freedmen.</td>
+ <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdc">CHAPTER III.</td>
+ <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdl">Opening of Religious Services and Schools.&mdash;Mrs. Peake
+a Teacher.&mdash;Singing in the Schools.&mdash;Christmas Festival.</td>
+ <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdc">CHAPTER IV.</td>
+ <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdl">Failure of Health.&mdash;Religious Joy.&mdash;Farewell
+Messages.&mdash;Death.&mdash;Funeral.&mdash;Conclusion.</td>
+ <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="tdl">APPENDIX.</td>
+ <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MARY S. PEAKE.</h2>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER I.</h2>
+
+<div class="content"><p>Birth and Parentage.&mdash;Education.&mdash;Religious Convictions.&mdash;Prayers
+in the Tomb.&mdash;Union with the Church.&mdash;Labors
+for the Poor.&mdash;Marriage.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>The subject of this narrative was born
+in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823. Her maiden
+name was Mary Smith Kelsey. Her mother
+was a free colored woman, very light,
+and her father a white man&mdash;an Englishman
+of rank and culture. She was a
+very lovely child in person and manners,
+and as she grew up, developed traits of
+character which made her a universal favorite.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+When she was six years old, her mother
+sent her to Alexandria, for the purpose of
+attending school. She remained there in
+school about ten years, residing with her
+aunt, Mary Paine. Mrs. Paine occupied a
+house belonging to Mr. Rollins Fowle, and
+near his residence. This gentleman and
+his family were distinguished for their
+kindness to colored people. He frequently
+bought slaves who were in danger of being
+sold into bad hands, gave them their freedom,
+and set them up in business. John
+Paine, Mary's uncle, was one whom he
+freed in this way. Mary was a great pet
+in Mr. Fowle's family, and was treated
+almost like a daughter.</p>
+
+<p>A schoolmate of hers, now residing in
+Providence, Rhode Island, says Mary was
+a very amiable girl, and a good student.
+They for a time attended a select colored
+school taught by a colored woman. Afterward
+they attended a colored school<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>
+taught by white teachers. The last teacher
+was Mr. Nuthall, an Englishman. He
+taught till a law of Congress enacted that
+the law of Virginia in relation to free colored
+people should prevail in the District
+of Columbia. This was several years before
+Alexandria was retroceded to Virginia.
+This law closed all colored schools
+in the city. Mary was compelled to leave
+the school in consequence of being informed
+of as having come from Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>While at school, Mary acquired a good
+English education, and, in addition to this,
+a knowledge of various kinds of needlework,
+and also dress-making. Her aunt
+was a devoted Christian, and no doubt had
+a very happy influence on Mary. Her
+mother also was converted when Mary was
+two or three years old. Under these influences
+she was early the subject of serious
+impressions. Though fond of general
+reading and study, there was no book she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+loved so well as the Bible. This was her
+companion and text book, and she committed
+large portions of it to memory.</p>
+
+<p>When sixteen years old, having finished
+her education, she returned to her mother,
+at Norfolk. Soon afterward, those religious
+elements which had existed from
+early childhood&mdash;grown with her growth
+and strengthened with her strength&mdash;became
+dominant by the grace of God, and
+asserted their power over her.</p>
+
+<p>Near her residence was a garden, connected
+with a large old mansion, between
+Fenchurch and Church Streets. In this
+garden was a dilapidated family tomb. It
+was impressed on her mind that she must
+go into this tomb to pray. At the dead
+hour of night she sought this gloomy
+abode of moldering coffins and scattered
+bones. As she entered and knelt in the
+death cell, she trembled with a fear which
+her prayers could not dissipate. Quickly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>
+and stealthily she retraced her steps, and
+hurried back to her home. Yet the next
+night, this girl of sixteen had the courage
+to seek the dismal place again, and the
+next night yet again, with similar results.
+But at length light broke upon the darkness
+of the tomb, and it became a place
+of delightful communion with her Lord;
+whence it was afterward called "Mary's
+parlor." At the midnight hour, she left
+the tomb, and broke the silence of the
+night with a jubilant song, fearless of the
+patrol. The song was this strain of Watts,
+in which many a saint has poured forth
+his soul:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Stand up, my soul, shake off thy fears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And gird the gospel armor on;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">March to the gates of endless joy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Where Jesus, thy great Captain, 's gone.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Hell and thy sins resist thy course,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">But hell and sin are vanquished foes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy Jesus nailed them to the cross,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And sung the triumph when he rose.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">"Then let my soul march boldly on,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Press forward to the heavenly gate;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There peace and joy eternal reign,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And glittering robes for conquerors wait.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"There shall I wear a starry crown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And triumph in almighty grace;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While all the armies of the skies<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Join in my glorious Leader's praise."<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>This strain fell on the waking ears of
+ladies in the house adjacent to the tomb,
+and they inquired, "What sweet music is
+that? Who is serenading at this hour?"
+Little did they know the spirit-promptings
+of that song.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after this, Mary went to visit some
+friends in Hampton. As she entered the
+yard, and approached the house, she sang
+another expressive hymn of Watts:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Firm as the earth thy gospel stands,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">My Lord, my Hope, my Trust;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If I am found in Jesus' hands,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">My soul can ne'er be lost.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">"His honor is engaged to save<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The meanest of his sheep;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All whom his heavenly Father gave<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">His hands securely keep.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Nor death nor hell shall e'er remove<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">His favorites from his breast;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Safe on the bosom of his love<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Shall they for ever rest."<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Her friends opened the door at the
+sound of the tender music, and as they
+looked on her face, and listened to her
+song, they were overcome, and could not
+restrain their emotions.</p>
+
+<p>Soon afterward, she united with the
+First Baptist Church in Norfolk, on Bute
+Street. The pastor was Rev. James A.
+Mitchell, who served the church from the
+time of Nat Turner's insurrection till his
+death, about 1852. He was emphatically
+a good man, and a father to the colored
+people&mdash;a very Barnabas, "son of consolation"
+indeed. A considerable portion of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
+his church were colored people, and he
+would visit them at their houses, take meals
+with them, and enter into their affairs, temporal
+and spiritual, with a true and zealous
+heart. He never loved slavery; his private
+opinion was against it, but he was
+obliged to be cautious in the expression of
+his sentiments. He endured great trials
+for this proscribed class, and was almost a
+martyr in their behalf, his pastorate having
+begun just after Nat Turner's insurrection,
+which caused great persecution and restriction
+of privileges. But the Lord was
+with him, and made him to triumph.</p>
+
+<p>Mary's mother says that she delighted to
+visit the poor in Norfolk, and especially the
+aged. A very old man, in the suburbs,
+often came to her door, and never went
+empty away; and frequently at evening
+she would go and carry him warm tea, and
+in the winter she brought him wood in
+small armfuls. When he died, he said he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>
+wanted Mary to have all that belonged to
+him. Though he was scarcely worth three
+cents, it was a rich heart gift.</p>
+
+<p>Her Christian course was marked with
+usefulness. Self-denying devotion to the
+glory of God and the good of others characterized
+her earlier, as her later career.
+A deacon of the church on whom the writer
+called when recently in Norfolk, says
+she had a strong desire for the conversion
+of souls, and was often found exhorting
+them to repentance. Other members of
+the church bore the highest testimony to
+her uniform Christian deportment.</p>
+
+<p>In 1847, Mary's mother was married to
+Thompson Walker, and bought a house in
+Hampton, where they resided until the
+town was burned by the rebels in 1861.
+Though sustaining herself by her needle,
+Mary found time for many labors of love.
+Among other things, she originated a benevolent
+society, called the "Daughters of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>
+Zion," designed for ministration to the
+poor and the sick. It is still in existence.</p>
+
+<p>Her house, like that of Mary and Martha
+of old, was a place of spiritual resort.
+There the pastor, deacons, and other leading
+members of the church found congenial
+society. She early began the exercise
+of her gifts as a teacher. At that
+time, fifteen years ago, she had among her
+pupils Thompson Walker, her stepfather,
+William Thornton, and William Davis, all
+now able and eloquent exhorters. She
+was afterward of great service to others,
+who are now efficient exhorters and members
+of the church. Up to the time of the
+burning of Hampton, she was engaged in
+instructing children and adults, through
+her shrewdness and the divine protection
+eluding the vigilance of conservators of
+the slave law, or, if temporarily interfered
+with, again commencing and prosecuting
+her labors of love with cautious fearlessness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+and this in the midst of the infirmities
+attending a feeble constitution.</p>
+
+<p>In 1851, Mary was married to Thomas
+Peake, formerly a slave, but afterward a
+free man, light colored, intelligent, pious,
+and in every respect a congenial companion,
+with whom she lived happily till
+her decease.</p>
+
+<p>The bereaved husband bears affectionate
+testimony to the strong mind and sound
+judgment which dwelt in that feeble frame.
+He loves to speak of his indebtedness to
+her richly stored mind for much of his
+knowledge of the Bible. At his request,
+she would sit for hours and relate Bible
+history. Others of our leading brethren
+also gratefully acknowledge that they have
+drawn largely from the same storehouse of
+biblical and varied knowledge.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2>
+
+<div class="content"><p>Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.&mdash;Flight
+of the Rebels from Hampton.&mdash;Burning of the
+Town.&mdash;The Place reoccupied by Freedmen.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>About the first of September, 1861, the
+writer commenced the mission at Fortress
+Monroe, under the auspices of the American
+Missionary Association, and was quartered
+in a building called the <i>Seminary</i>.
+Three months before this, the Union troops
+entered Hampton from Old Point. The
+exciting scenes connected with this event
+have been narrated to me by eye-witnesses.
+Among these troops were Duryea's Zouaves,
+called by the people "red men,"
+from the color of their dress.</p>
+
+<p>The utmost consternation seized the
+inhabitants of Hampton, when they found
+the Union troops were approaching. Many<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+of the colored people even were in a state
+of suspense. All kinds of stories had been
+told in regard to what the Yankees would
+do with them. Yet hope predominated
+over fear. They could hardly believe that
+the Yankees meant them any harm. But
+unmitigated fear filled the breasts of the
+secessionists. There had been loud boasts
+of what they would do; but when the red
+trowsers approached, their bravery all ran
+down into their nimble feet. The battery
+of several large guns which they had
+planted, and which might have done great
+mischief to the Union troops, had they
+been bravely manned, was drawn off. In
+their confusion, the bridge was first fired,
+and then the fire extinguished. Men,
+women, and children ran screaming in
+every direction, crying, "They come! they
+come! What shall we do?"</p>
+
+<p>Here is a man within doors, gun in
+hand, pacing the floor in consternation,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+ever and anon rushing to the window,
+and casting a frightened glance in the
+direction of the road from the fort, till he
+espies the Turk-like looking forms, moving
+"double quick," when he darts from the
+house, screaming, "They are coming! they
+are coming!" Off he flies, with the fleetness
+of fear, and in a few moments is seen
+no more.</p>
+
+<p>But in one house there are <i>two</i> individuals,
+fearless and calm: Mrs. Peake
+and her little daughter Daisy sit alike unalarmed;
+the one in child-like faith, the
+other in child-like simplicity. Mrs. Walker,
+Mrs. Peake's mother, is in a neighbor's
+house. Some time previous, the lady of
+the house, an intimate friend, having great
+confidence in sister Walker's prayers, said
+to her, "Sally, you must pray harder."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh," said she, "I do pray as hard as
+I can."</p>
+
+<p>"How do you pray, Sally?"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
+"I pray that the Lord's will may be
+done."</p>
+
+<p>"You don't pray right, Sally," said one
+of them; "you must pray for Jeff. Davis."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh," said she, "I pray as well as I
+can, and as hard as I can. I am praying
+all the time."</p>
+
+<p>"That's right," said the other; "pray
+on, Sally&mdash;your prayer will surely be
+heard. You can't pray any better prayer
+than you do. Pray that the Lord's will
+may be done: I am sure it is the Lord's
+will that the Yankees should not come
+here to disturb us; and I have faith to
+believe they will not. Pray on, Sally;
+pray as hard as you can."</p>
+
+<p>"I will, ma'am."</p>
+
+<p>Time passed on; and now, on that fearful
+morning, just after the sun has peeped
+above the horizon, lo, the Yankees! The
+strong faith above expressed fails the possessor;
+and she, who would scarcely have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
+set foot on the ground for very delicacy,
+and who would not have been seen riding
+out, unless in a fine carriage, drawn by
+fine horses, elegantly harnessed, is now
+heard calling for any old horse or mule,
+and any rickety wagon or cart, with rope
+harness&mdash;any thing&mdash;any thing to take
+her out of the reach of the Yankees!
+Masters and mistresses are now turned
+fugitives.</p>
+
+<p>Here is one of many interviews between
+masters and slaves.</p>
+
+<p>"What's the matter, master?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, the Yankees are coming!"</p>
+
+<p>"Are they? are they? What shall I
+do, master?" with affected tokens of
+fear.</p>
+
+<p>"Get out of the town as soon as you
+can."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, master, I'm afraid to leave the
+house. Oh, those Yankees! Do you think
+they will hurt me?"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>
+"Yes, they'll take you and sell you off
+to Cuba. Perhaps they'll kill you."</p>
+
+<p>"Will they, master?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, I tell you; why don't you leave
+the town, you rascal?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, master, I don't know what to do.
+You an't a-going to leave us for the
+Yankees to catch; are you?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, I'm off, and you better be off
+with yourself&mdash;if you don't I'll shoot
+you."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, master, don't shoot me&mdash;don't
+leave me!"</p>
+
+<p>"There they come!"</p>
+
+<p>"Where, master, where? where?"</p>
+
+<p>"I can't stop&mdash;good by&mdash;you better
+be off!"</p>
+
+<p>But Tony laughs in his sleeve, and says,
+with upturned eyes, "I'm not afraid of
+the Yankees! Bless God, old master's
+gone&mdash;hope he'll never come back any
+more!"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+The Zouaves, on "double quick," approach
+nearer, and up rides one of the
+secessionists, in hot haste.</p>
+
+<p>"What's the matter, master? What's
+the matter?" inquires an intelligent negro.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, matter enough, you villain. You
+brought all this trouble on us. I am disappointed
+in you; I thought you would
+stick by us; but you desert your best
+friends in extremity. You won't find
+those Yankees what you expect."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, master, won't you stay and protect
+us?"</p>
+
+<p>"No; good by, you villain. I'm out
+of town, and so you had better be, very
+quick." And on he flies.</p>
+
+<p>The Zouaves are now crossing the bridge,&mdash;now
+they enter the town,&mdash;and as they
+pass through street after street, with hats
+off, they bow politely to the colored people,
+who cheer them from doors and windows.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>
+Now every fear is dissipated. Colored
+knees are bent, and colored lips praise the
+Lord. The hope that had all along predominated
+over fear is more than met,
+and the town is full of gladness. The
+tidings spread, and the place is soon
+thronged with colored people from the
+country around.</p>
+
+<p>But how different with the white inhabitants!
+Go with me to the Sinclair estate&mdash;a
+mile or two north of the town. One
+of the officers rides up to the house, and
+says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Do you own this place?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, deliver up all your horses."</p>
+
+<p>Sam Simpson, the colored foreman, says,
+"Boys, bring up the horses."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, sir, spare an old man!"</p>
+
+<p>"Hurry out those horses!"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, Sam, stand by me! Oh, dear, I
+shall die! Don't leave me! Don't leave
+me!"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
+Poor old man! His ill-gotten riches are
+taking wings; the day of retribution has
+come upon him, and, in spite of a sense
+of its justice, we can not withhold our
+pity.</p>
+
+<p>The colored people were soon set to
+work in constructing the battery in Hampton,
+under the superintendence of Mr.
+Pierce, of the Massachusetts regiment,
+since then superintendent of the Port
+Royal cotton culture. They worked with
+a will, so that he was obliged to suspend
+labor during the heat of the day, lest they
+should over-exert themselves. After a
+month had elapsed, the battle of Big
+Bethel was fought, and <i>not</i> won; and
+soon after, the disastrous defeat and flight
+of Bull Run occurred.</p>
+
+<p>To re&euml;nforce the army of the Potomac
+a large part of the troops at Fortress
+Monroe were ordered away. General Butler,
+concluding that he had not sufficient<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
+force to hold Hampton, ordered it to be
+evacuated. He gave a week's notice to
+the colored people to leave, and find refuge
+on the other side of the bridge. But
+many of them delayed too long, and were
+able to move but a part of their goods;
+in consequence of which they suffered
+serious loss.</p>
+
+<p>Among these was Mr. Peake. He lost
+a large part of his furniture, as well as
+his two houses. The order of the rebel
+General Magruder to fire the place was
+a gross exhibition of vandalism, without
+the justifiable plea of military necessity.
+The incendiary work began on the west
+side of the village, and spread toward the
+wharves. Hemmed in by the conflagration
+on one side, and our firing on the
+opposite shore, many of the executers of
+the order fell dead or wounded, and were
+consumed by the voracious flames. Those
+who witnessed it said it was an appalling
+sight.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>
+The evacuation took place on the 7th
+and the conflagration on the 8th of August.
+I arrived about a month afterward,
+and on visiting Hampton, in company with
+the provost marshal, Captain Burleigh, I
+found only about half a dozen houses that
+had escaped. One large house had had
+its floor fired, but the fire had mysteriously
+gone out, without doing much damage.
+A large new building, a little out of town,
+was also standing uninjured. But the
+most of the village was a charred ruin;
+the unsightly chimneys, and a few more
+or less dilapidated walls, surviving to tell
+the story of what had been.</p>
+
+<p>Thus the place remained in abandoned
+isolation during the winter. But with the
+beginning of spring, the progress of our
+arms opened Hampton to reoccupation.
+It was thought proper that those who,
+during the winter, had been confined in
+large houses, overcrowded, should at once<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+build up the ruins, and provide themselves
+homes. To this end, application was
+made for an appropriation of government
+lumber for past services. Some lumber
+was received in this way, and the evacuation
+of the camps by the soldiers, who
+had winter quarters here, furnished still
+more.</p>
+
+<p>Quite a large number of neat cottages
+have already been built. I encouraged
+the people to build these small tenements
+on lots belonging to the most decided
+rebels, hoping that, if not claimed by
+former owners, these homesteads would be
+given to the occupants by government.
+Thus Hampton is becoming quite a thriving,
+free settlement, supported by fishing,
+oystering, huckstering, artisanship, gardening,
+and farming. Colored people have
+settled on farms vacated by owners, and
+will do well in keeping dairies, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+cultivating the land, and gathering its fruit,
+if not molested.</p>
+
+<p>The old court-house walls, that survived
+the fire, have been inclosed for a
+church and school house. The work was
+done by colored mechanics. It seems fit
+that this place, where injustice has been
+sanctioned by law, should be converted
+into a sanctuary of justice, righteousness,
+and free education.</p>
+
+<p>We consider that we are here trying
+the very highest experiment with ex-slaves.
+They are here emphatically "turned loose,"
+and are shifting for themselves,&mdash;doing
+their own head-work and hand-work. It
+is not to be expected that on the "sacred
+soil of Virginia" this experiment should
+be carried out without encountering difficulties;
+but we feel it to be a thing of
+blessed interest to follow as Providence
+leads, and do the work of faith and love,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+leaving the result with him. There is
+inspiration in the reflection that we are
+doing a representative work, and whatever
+the issue, the work will not be burned up,
+nor the workers permitted to suffer essential
+loss. We know that our labor is not
+in vain in the Lord.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2>
+
+<div class="content"><p>Opening of Religious Services and Schools.&mdash;Mrs. Peake a
+Teacher.&mdash;Singing in the Schools.&mdash;Christmas Festival.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>The religious and educational part of
+the mission has been one of blessedness
+and promise. And in this, as in everything
+else, I have aimed to teach self-development.
+In connection with the gathering of the
+people in religious meetings,
+I proposed to commence Sabbath and
+week-day schools, with such teachers as I
+had at hand. Meanwhile, some of the children
+of the vicinity, getting perhaps some
+hint of my intention, or prompted by an
+impulse from on high, called on Mrs. Peake,
+and requested her to teach them, as she
+had taught the children in Hampton.</p>
+
+<p>It was with much gratification that I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
+learned this request. I soon found from
+observation, as well as information, that we
+had in her a teacher of the choicest spirit,
+and of peculiar qualifications. She was
+happy in having pupils as ready to learn
+as to request instruction. Her school
+numbered at first only about half a dozen,
+but in a few days she had between fifty
+and sixty. These scholars were found to
+have generally very fair intellectual capabilities,
+and a few evinced quite rare talents.
+Among these was her own little
+daughter, five years old, named Hattie, but
+familiarly called by the pet name of Daisy.
+She learned to read simple lessons fluently
+in a very short time. Others also exhibited
+a precocity which from day to day rewarded
+and stimulated the ardor of this
+devoted teacher.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Peake was not satisfied with the
+ordinary routine of the week-day school
+room, but felt that the teacher of a mission<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>
+school should aim to educate the children
+for eternity as well as for time. She found
+great assistance in the primer, catechism,
+and other elementary religious books, with
+which she had been furnished. She felt
+that the teachings of the week-day school
+ought to be largely preparatory to the rehearsals
+of the Sabbath school. What an
+impression for good would be made upon
+the rising generation, were this course universally
+pursued!</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Peake deeply realized that every
+undertaking, and especially that of training
+the young, should be begun and continued
+with prayer. She not only prayed
+with her pupils, but taught them to pray.
+Having a rich store of scriptural knowledge,
+and feeling its worth, and the importance
+of simplifying it to the young, in
+order to awaken their interest, she bestowed
+special attention on catechetical
+instruction. Not satisfied with having<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>
+Scripture truths committed to memory,
+she explained and inculcated them, with
+line upon line and precept upon precept,
+drawn from her own knowledge and experience.
+I can not think that this spiritual
+instruction interfered in the least with the
+other, but rather was a handmaid to it,
+furnishing a pleasant as well as profitable
+variety, awakening and developing heart
+and mind at once.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Peake also considered singing an
+important part of a right education.
+Among the favorite hymns first learned
+and sung in her school were, "I want to
+be an angel," "There is a happy land,"
+"Around the throne of God in heaven,"
+"Here we meet to part again," "In heaven
+we part no more," and others of kindred
+spirit, so familiar in the Sabbath schools at
+the North. How ardent was her desire to
+win the young intellect and affections for
+Jesus and heaven! With strict appropriateness<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>
+may we apply to her the poet's
+language,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And as a bird each fond endearment tries,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She tried each art, reproved each dull delay,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way."<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>While Mrs. Peake attached prime importance
+to the training of the rising generation,
+she felt that great improvement might
+be made among the adults. This view
+inspired her action from the first in Hampton,
+and with a blessed result, that is now
+apparent to all. She was accordingly very
+ready to gratify the desire of a number of
+adults for an evening school, notwithstanding
+her increasing infirmities. The result
+is, that several, who scarcely knew the alphabet
+before, now begin to read with considerable
+readiness.</p>
+
+<p>In these multiplied labors, she exhibited
+a martyr spirit, of the true type. Often
+when she was confined to her bed, her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>
+pupils would be found around her, drawing
+knowledge as it were from her very
+life. Again and again did Dr. Browne,
+brigade surgeon, who concerned himself
+for her like a brother, advise her to consider
+her weakness, and intermit her exhausting
+duties. The scene of these labors
+was the Brown Cottage, near the seminary,
+fronting on Hampton Roads. The school
+room was the front room, first story. Her
+own family apartment was the front room,
+second story. It will ever be a place about
+which precious memories will linger.</p>
+
+<p>It was proposed that, on Christmas day,
+the children of the school should have a
+festival. All the week previous, they were
+busy, with their teacher, in preparations
+and rehearsals. A large room on the first
+floor of the seminary was decorated with
+evergreens for the occasion, and at one end
+a platform was constructed. At an early
+hour in the evening, the room was crowded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>
+with colored children and adults, and soldiers
+and officers. The programme opened
+with the singing of "My country, 'tis of
+thee." Chaplain Fuller read the account
+of the nativity of Christ. Dr. Linson
+prayed. Then the children discoursed
+very sweet music in solo, semi-chorus, and
+chorus, and at intervals spoke pieces in a
+very commendable manner, considering
+that it was probably the first attempt of
+colored children in the South.</p>
+
+<p>Little Daisy, (Mrs. Peake's only child,)
+about five years old, was the acknowledged
+star of the evening. She sang very prettily
+in solo, and also in connection with the
+chorus. She sang alone the whole of the
+hymn, "I want to be an angel."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 419px;">
+<img src="images/mptct_03.jpg" width="419" height="540"
+alt="Portrait of Mary&#39;s daughter, Daisy"
+title="Little Daisy" />
+</div>
+
+<p>I spoke of the contrast between the present
+and the past. A year ago, <i>white</i> children
+in Hampton could enjoy a scene of
+this kind, but <i>colored</i> children were excluded.
+But now times have changed.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>The white man's child is away, and the
+colored man's child is on the stage, and
+swells the choral song. And this is but a
+miniature picture of what will be. The
+present is prophetic of the future. The
+few hundred children about Fortress Monroe,
+now gathered into schools, after the
+pattern of this first school, are types of one
+million of children throughout the sunny
+South, on whom the sunlight of knowledge
+is yet to shine.</p>
+
+<p>After the concert exercises, the members
+of the school and others repaired to the
+Brown Cottage. Here we were conducted
+into the school room, which, like the concert
+room, was tastefully decorated with
+evergreens; and we filed around a long
+table laden with refreshments, and surrounded
+with Christmas trees, loaded with
+good things, all gotten up spontaneously
+by, and at the expense of, the colored
+people in the neighborhood. The viands<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>
+were partaken of with a relish, and by
+unanimous consent it was declared a merry
+Christmas of the right type; the children
+sang, "Merry Christmas to all! Merry
+Christmas! Merry Christmas to all!"</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2>
+
+<div class="content"><p>Failing of Health.&mdash;Religious Joy.&mdash;Farewell
+Messages.&mdash;Death.&mdash;Funeral.&mdash;Conclusion.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>After the exciting scenes of the Christmas
+festival, Mrs. Peake's health sensibly
+declined, and in a week or two she was
+obliged to suspend, and soon to give up
+entirely, the charge to which she had
+clung with such tenacity. I visited her
+frequently, and was the bearer of clothing
+and other tokens from friends at the North.
+Every thing in our power was done to
+cheer her, and never were ministerings
+more cordially bestowed, or more gratefully
+received and richly repaid. To visit
+her had always been a privilege, but the
+privilege was doubly precious during her
+last illness. To see how a frail woman,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+with an exquisitely nervous temperament,
+could deliberately and calmly bid farewell
+to family, pupils, and friends, and yield
+herself into her Father's hands, to pass
+through the ordeal of sickness and death,
+was a privilege and a blessing.</p>
+
+<p>In her presence I was a learner, and,
+under the inspiration of her words and
+example, obtained new strength for fresh
+endeavors in the cause of God and humanity.
+In one of my visits, she told me that
+I must give her love to the committee in
+New York, and all the friends of the mission;
+that she had had a bright vision of
+her Saviour, and he had assured her that
+the cause would triumph; that we were
+sowing seed which would spring up and
+become a tree, to overspread the whole
+earth; that we should be a great blessing
+to this down-trodden people, and they
+would fulfill a glorious destiny. "Oh,
+yes," said she, "brother Lockwood, you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span>
+will succeed, for Jesus has told me so this
+morning."</p>
+
+<p>For two weeks previous to her death, she
+seemed to be in the "land of Beulah," on
+the "mountains of the shepherds," where,
+like Bunyan's pilgrim, she could clearly
+descry the promised land. She had a
+strong desire to depart and be with Christ,
+which was far better than even his most
+intimate earthly visits. Again and again,
+as I called to see her, she assured me that
+she had had a fresh visit from her Saviour,
+and he had told her that where he was she
+should be, and she would be like him when
+she should see him as he is. She knew
+not where in the universe heaven might
+be, but where her Saviour was, there would
+be her heaven, for she would be with
+him.</p>
+
+<p>Her constantly increasing cough and
+expectoration, though not attended with
+much pain, were, as usual, accompanied<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>
+with uneasiness, want of sleep, and great
+weakness, which made her frequently request
+prayer that she might have patience
+to bear all without a murmur, and await
+her Father's will. She wanted to say, with
+the feelings of Job, "All the days of my
+appointed time will I wait, till my change
+come. I know that my Redeemer liveth."</p>
+
+<p>At one time, her symptoms seemed more
+favorable, and I expressed a hope of her
+recovery. "No," said she; "I have taken
+leave of my family, and of every thing on
+earth, and I would rather go, if it be God's
+will; only I want to wait patiently till he
+comes to call me." Her husband and
+mother told me that, during the previous
+night, she had bidden them all farewell,
+and left farewell messages for her school,
+and the church, and all her friends. She
+had thus set her house in order, to die, or,
+rather, to live a diviner life, and she was
+waiting the summons home. She said that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>
+she felt like a little child in her Father's
+arms; and if, by lifting a pebble, she could
+hold back her spirit, she would not do it.</p>
+
+<p>Several days before her death, she requested
+me to sing "The Christian's Home
+in Glory," or "Rest for the Weary"&mdash;a
+hymn, with its tune, dear to her for itself and
+for its associations. As I repeated the chorus,
+she exclaimed, again and again, with
+great tenderness and emphasis, "Rest, rest,
+rest! Oh, brother Lockwood, there I shall
+rest, rest, rest! This weary head shall
+rest on my Saviour's bosom."</p>
+
+<p>When I had sung the last stanza,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Sing, oh, sing, ye heirs of glory,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Shout your triumph as you go,"&mdash;<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>she burst out in an ecstasy that seemed as
+if the spirit would break away from the
+body, "Oh, brother, I shall sing! I shall
+shout! Won't we sing? Won't we shout?
+Yes, we shall&mdash;we shall sing and shout!"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
+On Saturday morning, February 22, she
+was in a very happy frame of mind, and
+said that she had had precious visits from
+her Saviour; he had told her that he was
+coming soon, and would fulfill her heart's
+desire in taking her to him. Her mother
+said, that during the previous night she
+had been constantly reaching up, and
+sometimes she would cry out, with great
+earnestness, "Do not leave me, dear Jesus."</p>
+
+<p>She requested me to sing for her, and I
+sung, "The Shining Shore," and "Homeward
+Bound." During the singing of the
+last stanza of the latter song, she was filled
+with joy.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Into the harbor of heaven now we glide,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We're home at last!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Softly we drift o'er its bright silver tide,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We're home at last!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glory to God! All our dangers are o'er;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We stand secure on the glorified shore;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glory to God! we will shout evermore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We're home at last!"<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
+"Yes," she exclaimed, "home at last!
+Glory to God! Home at last! Oh, I
+shall soon be home&mdash;home&mdash;home at
+last!"</p>
+
+<p>On the night of that day, about twelve
+o'clock, her waiting, longing spirit went
+home. Washington's birthday was her
+birthday to a higher life. After many a
+sleepless night, this last evening she was
+permitted to rest quietly, till the midnight
+cry struck upon her ear, "Behold, the
+bridegroom cometh!" It found her ready,
+with her lamp trimmed and burning.
+Calling for her mother, she threw herself
+into her embrace, as her spirit did into the
+embrace of her Saviour.</p>
+
+<p>Just at midnight, on all the ships in
+Hampton Roads,&mdash;and which are so near
+us that the cry on shipboard is distinctly
+heard on shore,&mdash;the watchman cried
+aloud, as usual, "Twelve o'clock, and all's
+well!" The sound penetrated the sick<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+chamber, and the dying invalid apparently
+heard it. She smiled sweetly, and then
+breathed her last sigh, and entered upon
+that rest which remains for the people
+of God.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning, which was the Sabbath,
+I called, and found her husband and
+mother bearing up under their bereavement
+with Christian fortitude. They
+could smile through their tears; though
+they wept, it was not as those who have no
+hope. In the services of the day, the bereaved
+were remembered in fervent, sympathizing
+prayer. We all felt sorely afflicted,
+and would have grieved, but for the
+thought that our temporary loss was her
+eternal gain. In the evening, a prayer
+meeting was held till midnight in the room
+where her body lay; but all felt like saying,
+She is not here; her spirit is with
+her Father and our Father, her God and
+our God.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>
+On Monday, at eleven o'clock, a large
+concourse assembled at her funeral. We
+met in her school room, at the Brown Cottage,
+a place sweetened and hallowed by
+associations with her crowning labors, and
+thus a fit place for these leave-taking services.
+The occasion was one of mingled
+sorrow and joy. The services were begun
+by singing, according to her request, the
+familiar hymn,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"I would not live alway,"&mdash;<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>to the tune of "Sweet Home," in which
+it is generally sung by the people here,
+with the chorus,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Home! Home! Sweet, sweet home!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There's no place like heaven, there's no place like home!"<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>The impression was very thrilling.
+Chaplain Fuller, of the sixteenth Massachusetts
+regiment, offered prayer&mdash;praying
+fervently for the bereaved mother and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>
+husband, and for little Daisy, who would
+one day realize more than now a mother's
+worth by her loss. We then sung, according
+to her request, her favorite hymn,
+"The Christian's Home in Glory," or
+"Rest for the Weary." I selected for my
+text Hebrews 4:9&mdash;"There remaineth
+therefore a rest to the people of God." At
+the conclusion of the sermon the children
+sang,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Here we suffer grief and pain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here we meet to part again;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In heaven we part no more.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Joyful, joyful, joyful,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When we meet to part no more.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<i>Little children</i> will be there,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who have sought the Lord by prayer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From every Sabbath school.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful, &amp;c.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<i>Teachers</i>, too, shall meet above,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And our <i>pastors</i>, whom we love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall meet to part no more.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful," &amp;c.<br /></span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
+The coffin was then opened, and we
+took the last, lingering look at a face
+whose heavenly lineaments I can never
+forget.</p>
+
+<p>In long procession, in which her recent
+charge bore a prominent part, we accompanied
+her to her resting place. The place
+of her sepulture is about a hundred yards
+north of the seminary, on the bank of
+the inlet. A live-oak tree stands at her
+head, projecting its emblematic evergreen
+foliage over the sod-roofed tenement.</p>
+
+<p>The departed selected, as a remembrance
+of her immortality, the 17th verse of the
+118th Psalm, "I shall not die, but live."
+The thirty-nine years of her earthly existence
+were but the prelude to a life beyond
+the sky; and while her spirit survives the
+ravages of death, her name shall live in
+memory.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>In this unpretending memoir may its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+subject live again, and not in vain. May
+teachers gather from her example fresh
+inspiration, and the benevolent Christian
+fresh impulses in doing good. May they
+who enjoy advantages superior to those
+of her proscribed race, take heed lest the
+latter, by the better improvement of the
+little light enjoyed, rise up in the judgment
+and condemn them.</p>
+
+<p>Let Sabbath scholars, and children of
+pious parentage and Christian education,
+who from earliest years have not only
+been taught to lisp the Saviour's name,
+but to read it, pity the slave child, shut
+out from such advantages, and give heed
+to instruction, lest, having more given and
+unimproved, they be beaten with many
+stripes. Let all who have an interest at
+the throne of grace remember little Daisy,
+and pray that she may walk in her mother's
+footsteps, as far as she followed Christ,
+only following more closely, attaining still<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>
+greater excellence, achieving still greater
+usefulness, and winning a still brighter
+crown of glory.</p>
+
+<p>As the enlarging harvest field whitens
+into ripeness, may the Lord of the harvest
+send forth an increasing number of laborers.
+Oh, who will give ear to the echoing
+cry, "Come over and help us"? Come to
+the harvest work, and you too, with arms
+full of golden sheaves, shall shout the
+harvest home. Who will pay the hire of
+the laborers? Who will lend to the Lord
+the capital needful to secure the harvest
+in season and well? For such there shall
+be untold riches laid up in heaven. And
+who will sustain those who bear the burden
+and heat of the day, by the buoyancy of
+prayer? This is a work thrice blessed to
+all concerned.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+<h3>MISSION TO THE FREEDMEN.</h3>
+
+
+<p>On the 8th of August, 1861, a letter was
+addressed to Major-General Butler, then in
+command at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by
+the treasurer of the American Missionary Association,
+respecting the people whom he had
+denominated "contrabands." In this letter,
+the writer communicated to General Butler
+the wishes of some persons in the free states,
+that, as considerable embarrassment was felt
+by the public authorities with regard to the
+increasing numbers of colored persons who
+had fled and were fleeing for protection to the
+forts and camps of the United States, they
+should be sent into the free states to obtain
+employment. A prompt and courteous reply
+was received, and, in reference to the desire expressed,
+General Butler stated that the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>
+"contrabands" would be protected; that many of
+them would be employed in government service;
+that there was land enough to cultivate
+in Virginia; and as the freedmen would
+never be suffered to return into bondage,
+there was no necessity for sending any of
+them to the Northern States.</p>
+
+<p>The executive committee of the association,
+feeling highly encouraged by these assurances,
+at once determined to commence a mission at
+Fortress Monroe. Rev. Lewis C. Lockwood
+was commissioned as their first missionary to
+the freedmen. He repaired to Washington,
+where he received encouragement from the
+government, and recommendation to the commanding
+general, Wool, who had succeeded
+General Butler. General Wool received him
+cordially, heartily approved the plan, and afforded
+him all needful facilities.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Lockwood conferred with the leading
+persons among the freedmen, investigated
+the condition and wants of the people, made
+arrangements for week-day and Sabbath meetings,
+organized week-day and evening schools,
+employed several of the most intelligent and
+gifted colored people as assistants, and through
+the committee in New York made urgent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>
+appeals for clothing, &amp;c., for the destitute, and
+also for additional missionaries and teachers.</p>
+
+<p>The late lamented Mrs. Mary S. Peake was
+the first teacher employed. She continued to
+teach as long as her health permitted, and
+near to the time of her decease. Other teachers
+have been employed; chaplains in the
+army and pious soldiers have proffered their
+occasional services, and the religious meetings,
+Sabbath schools, and week-day schools, have
+been well attended. Mr. Lockwood labored
+there thirteen months, and then removed to
+another field. In his final report, he states
+that he had ministered to a congregation at
+Hampton, where the average attendance was
+four hundred; and to a congregation at Fortress
+Monroe, where the average attendance
+was about the same.</p>
+
+<p>A day school was kept in a house, near
+Hampton, formerly the residence of Ex-President
+Tyler, which was wholly given up for
+the use of the freedmen. This school was subsequently
+removed to the old Court House at
+Hampton, which had been fitted up for the
+purpose, government furnishing a portion of
+the lumber. This school became the largest
+under the care of the freedmen's teachers,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>
+and numbered at one time five hundred scholars.
+Among the ruins of Hampton, which
+had, at an early period of the rebellion, been
+burned by the rebels, the colored people erected
+rude cottages, the materials being gathered
+from the vacated camps, the deserted dwellings
+of fugitive slaveholders, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>Such of the freedmen as were not employed
+by government have obtained a
+living by fishing, oystering, huckstering,
+carting, washing, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Interesting Facts.</span></h3>
+
+<p>Many highly interesting facts have been
+communicated with regard to the freedmen&mdash;their
+natural endowments, their facility in acquiring
+knowledge in letters and arms, their
+industrial habits, their shrewdness in business
+transactions, their gratitude, their courage,
+their acquaintance with passing events, their
+confidence that the result of the rebellion
+will be the liberation of their people, and
+their piety. Some of these facts have been
+extensively published, and have been read
+with high gratification. It is thought that
+a few of these facts may add to the value
+of this little publication.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 497px;">
+<img src="images/mptct_04.jpg" width="497" height="600"
+alt="A group of children sit under a tree, a teacher standing in front
+of them. A fort can be seen in the background."
+title="A &quot;Contraband&quot; School" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
+<h3><span class="smcap">Schools for the Children.</span></h3>
+
+<p>A young teacher at Hampton, Virginia,
+writes as follows: "When I first commenced
+the school here, I found the children such
+as slavery makes&mdash;quarrelsome, thievish, uncleanly
+in their persons and attire, and seemingly
+inclined to almost every species of
+wickedness; and it appeared to me that they
+were too far gone to be ever raised to any
+thing like intelligent children at the North.
+But I found that I had reckoned without my
+host in the persons of these children.</p>
+
+<p>"At the end of the first week there was a
+decided improvement manifested, and in four
+weeks you hardly ever saw one hundred and
+fifty children more cleanly in their persons
+and apparel. Their lessons were, in most
+cases, quickly and correctly learned, and their
+behavior was kind and affectionate toward
+each other, while in singing the sweet little
+Sabbath school songs, I should not hesitate
+to put them side by side with the best of our
+Sabbath-school scholars at the North. And
+they so fully appreciate my humble efforts in
+their behalf, that my table in the school room
+is loaded, morning and noon, with oranges,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>
+lemons, apples, figs, candies, and other sweet
+things too numerous to mention, all testifying
+their love to me, although I can do so little
+for them."</p>
+
+<p>Another teacher, at Beaufort, South Carolina,
+writes: "My school numbered about
+forty of the children. Most of them were
+very dirty and poorly dressed, all very black
+in color. A happier group of children I never
+expect to witness than those who composed
+my school: bright eyes, happy looks, kind and
+patient dispositions, made them look attractive
+to my eyes, though they were 'horribly black,'
+as some have called them, and very dirty at
+first. But they were so innocent, so despised
+by others, and withal so anxious to learn, that
+I felt a true sympathy for them.</p>
+
+<p>"Their masters have kept them in darkness
+and degradation. This is only the result
+of slavery.</p>
+
+<p>"They are very eager to learn. Every one
+wishes to be taught first; yet, unlike some
+white children, they are patient and willing
+to wait. They do not easily tire of study,
+but are very diligent in getting their lessons.
+I have known them to teach each other, or
+sit alone and drill over a lesson for two hours
+at a time.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>
+"Let me relate to you a little incident that
+will illustrate what I have just said. One
+day, at Beaufort, soon after we landed, while
+walking through the upper portion of the
+town, I heard a little voice saying the alphabet,
+while another wee voice, scarcely audible,
+was repeating it after the first. I looked
+quickly around to discover from whence the
+voice came; and what do you think I saw?
+Why, seated on the piazza of a large empty
+house were two of the blackest little negro
+children, one about seven, the other not more
+than three years old. The elder had his arm
+thrown lovingly around the almost naked
+form of the other, and with an open primer
+in the lap of one, they were at their study.
+An hour after, I returned by the same spot,
+and was both pleased and surprised to find
+them still at it. God bless the little ones!</p>
+
+<p>"This desire, or rather eagerness, to learn
+to read, is manifested by all. I have stopped
+by the wayside many a time, and have immediately
+collected a group of old and young
+about me, and have made them repeat the
+alphabet after me slowly, letter by letter.
+They esteem it the greatest kindness I can
+show them, and as I turn to depart, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span>
+fervent 'God bless you, massa,' 'Tank de Lord,
+massa,' reach my ears."</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Morals of the Freedmen.</span></h3>
+
+<p>After the mission had been established, one
+of the officers' wives remarked to another, "I
+do not miss my things nowadays."</p>
+
+<p>Nearly all the church members had taken
+the temperance pledge.</p>
+
+<p>"They have their vices," writes a northern
+physician on one of the plantations on Port
+Royal Island; "deception and petty thieving
+prevail. They are careless, indolent, and improvident.
+They have a miserable habit of
+scolding and using authoritative language to
+one another. All these vices are clearly the
+result of <i>slave education</i>, and will gradually
+disappear under improved conditions....
+If one is honest with them, and gets their confidence,
+the rest is easily accomplished."</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Marriage.</span></h3>
+
+<p>A very large portion, probably, at least,
+more than half of the "married" freed people,
+had been married only in slave fashion, by
+"taking up together," or living together by
+mutual agreement, without any marriage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
+ceremony. The missionary proposed to such that
+they should be married agreeably to the usages
+in the free states. The leaders of the colored
+people were conversed with, and they, without
+exception, agreed as to the propriety of the
+measure. One, now advanced in life, said,
+that when he proposed to his companion to
+go to a minister and be lawfully married, she
+replied, "Oh, what use will it be? Master can
+separate us to-morrow." But he coincided
+fully in the propriety of the proposed course.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Lockwood, after preaching on the sanctity
+of the marriage relation, proceeded to
+unite in wedlock several couples, among
+whom were some who had lived together
+for years. He gave each of the parties a certificate,
+in handsome form, which they seemed
+to prize very highly. It appeared to have a
+most beneficial effect upon the parties themselves,
+and the whole population.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Native Eloquence.</span></h3>
+
+<p>Not a few of the freedmen, though illiterate,
+exhibit remarkable powers of eloquence.
+The missionary, in describing the
+address of one of them, after a discourse by
+the former, says, "The address was a masterpiece.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>
+It melted every heart. He appealed
+to the soldiers present who were in rebellion
+against God, striving to put down rebellion
+in this land, and asked them how they, who
+had been taught to read the Bible, and had
+learned the Lord's Prayer in infancy from a
+mother's lips, could stand in judgment, when
+a poor, despised, and inferior race, who,
+though denied the Bible, had been taught of
+God, and found their way to Christ, should
+rise up and condemn them. He then turned
+to his fellow 'contrabands,' and entreated
+them to embrace thankfully, and improve, the
+boon already given. He considered the present
+a pledge of the future&mdash;the virtual emancipation
+of fifteen or eighteen hundred the
+promise of the emancipation of four millions.
+The Lord works from little to great."</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Church Meeting.</span></h3>
+
+<p>The missionary wrote: "Last Thursday I
+had an opportunity to observe the intellectual
+state of a considerable number of the brethren
+at a church meeting. I was surprised at
+their understanding and wisdom in regard to
+church order and propriety, and tone of discipline.
+As the church records had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+burned up in the church edifice at Hampton, I
+inquired how far any of them could recall
+their contents. One or two replied that they
+could almost repeat the church regulations
+from memory.</p>
+
+<p>"In the discussion, high ground was taken
+in regard to the Sabbath, the temperance
+cause, and other matters of Christian morality.
+In discipline, stress was laid on the propriety
+and duty of private admonition, in its successive
+scriptural steps, before public censure.
+On this point one brother said he had privately
+admonished a neighbor of the impropriety
+of taking articles to the camp on the
+Sabbath, and he had acknowledged his fault,
+and promised amendment. The duty of forgiving
+offenders, and undoing wrongs, was
+also insisted on. Several had been improperly
+excluded from church privileges through the
+influence of white power. It was, therefore,
+decided to-day that those who had the confidence
+of the church should be restored to
+church-fellowship unconditionally."</p>
+
+<p>One of the members, and an aged leader,
+stated that he had on one occasion been
+seized by a white deacon, dragged down from
+the gallery, and threatened with thirty-nine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
+lashes, because there was a little of the Methodist
+in his composition, and he had "got
+happy and shouted in meeting."</p>
+
+<p>On another occasion, William Davis concluded
+some remarks as follows: "I hope that
+all of you, old and young, will learn to read,
+as I did. When I was converted, I was
+anxious to learn to read God's book. I
+kneeled down by my book, [he here kneeled
+by the table,] and prayed that God would
+teach me to read it&mdash;if only a little, I would
+be thankful. And I learned, and you can if
+you will, for you have no one to hinder you,
+as I had. We should all show that we are
+worthy of freedom. Only educate us, and
+we will show ourselves capable of knowledge.
+Some say we have not the same faculties and
+feelings with white folks.... All we
+want is cultivation. What would the best
+soil produce without cultivation? We want
+to get wisdom. That is all we need. Let us
+get that, and we are made for time and eternity."</p>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="bbox">
+<p><b>Transcriber's Note:</b></p>
+
+<p>All spelling is as it appears in the original text. The frontispiece
+illustration has been moved to follow the title page, and the 'Little
+Daisy' illustration has been shifted slightly so that it is not in the
+middle of a paragraph.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood
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+</body>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Mary S. Peake
+ The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe
+
+Author: Lewis C. Lockwood
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2007 [EBook #20744]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. PEAKE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sam W. and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MARY S. PEAKE,
+
+ The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe.
+
+
+ BY REV. LEWIS C. LOCKWOOD,
+FIRST MISSIONARY TO THE FREEDMEN AT FORTRESS MONROE, 1862.
+
+
+ WITH AN APPENDIX.
+
+
+ PUBLISHED BY THE
+ AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY,
+ 28 CORNHILL, BOSTON.
+
+
+[Illustration: Mary S. Peake]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+CHAPTER I. PAGE
+
+Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious
+Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with
+the Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. 5
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.--Flight
+of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning of the
+Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. 16
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. Peake
+a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas Festival. 30
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+Failure of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell
+Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. 39
+
+APPENDIX. 53
+
+
+
+
+MARY S. PEAKE.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+ Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious
+ Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with the
+ Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage.
+
+
+The subject of this narrative was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823.
+Her maiden name was Mary Smith Kelsey. Her mother was a free colored
+woman, very light, and her father a white man--an Englishman of rank
+and culture. She was a very lovely child in person and manners, and as
+she grew up, developed traits of character which made her a universal
+favorite.
+
+When she was six years old, her mother sent her to Alexandria, for
+the purpose of attending school. She remained there in school about
+ten years, residing with her aunt, Mary Paine. Mrs. Paine occupied a
+house belonging to Mr. Rollins Fowle, and near his residence. This
+gentleman and his family were distinguished for their kindness to
+colored people. He frequently bought slaves who were in danger of
+being sold into bad hands, gave them their freedom, and set them up in
+business. John Paine, Mary's uncle, was one whom he freed in this way.
+Mary was a great pet in Mr. Fowle's family, and was treated almost
+like a daughter.
+
+A schoolmate of hers, now residing in Providence, Rhode Island, says
+Mary was a very amiable girl, and a good student. They for a time
+attended a select colored school taught by a colored woman. Afterward
+they attended a colored school taught by white teachers. The last
+teacher was Mr. Nuthall, an Englishman. He taught till a law of
+Congress enacted that the law of Virginia in relation to free colored
+people should prevail in the District of Columbia. This was several
+years before Alexandria was retroceded to Virginia. This law closed
+all colored schools in the city. Mary was compelled to leave the
+school in consequence of being informed of as having come from
+Virginia.
+
+While at school, Mary acquired a good English education, and, in
+addition to this, a knowledge of various kinds of needlework, and also
+dress-making. Her aunt was a devoted Christian, and no doubt had a
+very happy influence on Mary. Her mother also was converted when Mary
+was two or three years old. Under these influences she was early the
+subject of serious impressions. Though fond of general reading and
+study, there was no book she loved so well as the Bible. This was her
+companion and text book, and she committed large portions of it to
+memory.
+
+When sixteen years old, having finished her education, she returned to
+her mother, at Norfolk. Soon afterward, those religious elements which
+had existed from early childhood--grown with her growth and
+strengthened with her strength--became dominant by the grace of God,
+and asserted their power over her.
+
+Near her residence was a garden, connected with a large old mansion,
+between Fenchurch and Church Streets. In this garden was a dilapidated
+family tomb. It was impressed on her mind that she must go into this
+tomb to pray. At the dead hour of night she sought this gloomy abode
+of moldering coffins and scattered bones. As she entered and knelt in
+the death cell, she trembled with a fear which her prayers could not
+dissipate. Quickly and stealthily she retraced her steps, and hurried
+back to her home. Yet the next night, this girl of sixteen had the
+courage to seek the dismal place again, and the next night yet again,
+with similar results. But at length light broke upon the darkness of
+the tomb, and it became a place of delightful communion with her Lord;
+whence it was afterward called "Mary's parlor." At the midnight hour,
+she left the tomb, and broke the silence of the night with a jubilant
+song, fearless of the patrol. The song was this strain of Watts, in
+which many a saint has poured forth his soul:--
+
+ "Stand up, my soul, shake off thy fears,
+ And gird the gospel armor on;
+ March to the gates of endless joy,
+ Where Jesus, thy great Captain, 's gone.
+
+ "Hell and thy sins resist thy course,
+ But hell and sin are vanquished foes;
+ Thy Jesus nailed them to the cross,
+ And sung the triumph when he rose.
+
+ "Then let my soul march boldly on,
+ Press forward to the heavenly gate;
+ There peace and joy eternal reign,
+ And glittering robes for conquerors wait.
+
+ "There shall I wear a starry crown,
+ And triumph in almighty grace;
+ While all the armies of the skies
+ Join in my glorious Leader's praise."
+
+This strain fell on the waking ears of ladies in the house adjacent to
+the tomb, and they inquired, "What sweet music is that? Who is
+serenading at this hour?" Little did they know the spirit-promptings
+of that song.
+
+Soon after this, Mary went to visit some friends in Hampton. As she
+entered the yard, and approached the house, she sang another
+expressive hymn of Watts:--
+
+ "Firm as the earth thy gospel stands,
+ My Lord, my Hope, my Trust;
+ If I am found in Jesus' hands,
+ My soul can ne'er be lost.
+
+ "His honor is engaged to save
+ The meanest of his sheep;
+ All whom his heavenly Father gave
+ His hands securely keep.
+
+ "Nor death nor hell shall e'er remove
+ His favorites from his breast;
+ Safe on the bosom of his love
+ Shall they for ever rest."
+
+Her friends opened the door at the sound of the tender music, and as
+they looked on her face, and listened to her song, they were overcome,
+and could not restrain their emotions.
+
+Soon afterward, she united with the First Baptist Church in Norfolk,
+on Bute Street. The pastor was Rev. James A. Mitchell, who served the
+church from the time of Nat Turner's insurrection till his death,
+about 1852. He was emphatically a good man, and a father to the
+colored people--a very Barnabas, "son of consolation" indeed. A
+considerable portion of his church were colored people, and he would
+visit them at their houses, take meals with them, and enter into their
+affairs, temporal and spiritual, with a true and zealous heart. He
+never loved slavery; his private opinion was against it, but he was
+obliged to be cautious in the expression of his sentiments. He endured
+great trials for this proscribed class, and was almost a martyr in
+their behalf, his pastorate having begun just after Nat Turner's
+insurrection, which caused great persecution and restriction of
+privileges. But the Lord was with him, and made him to triumph.
+
+Mary's mother says that she delighted to visit the poor in Norfolk,
+and especially the aged. A very old man, in the suburbs, often came to
+her door, and never went empty away; and frequently at evening she
+would go and carry him warm tea, and in the winter she brought him
+wood in small armfuls. When he died, he said he wanted Mary to have
+all that belonged to him. Though he was scarcely worth three cents, it
+was a rich heart gift.
+
+Her Christian course was marked with usefulness. Self-denying devotion
+to the glory of God and the good of others characterized her earlier,
+as her later career. A deacon of the church on whom the writer called
+when recently in Norfolk, says she had a strong desire for the
+conversion of souls, and was often found exhorting them to repentance.
+Other members of the church bore the highest testimony to her uniform
+Christian deportment.
+
+In 1847, Mary's mother was married to Thompson Walker, and bought a
+house in Hampton, where they resided until the town was burned by the
+rebels in 1861. Though sustaining herself by her needle, Mary found
+time for many labors of love. Among other things, she originated a
+benevolent society, called the "Daughters of Zion," designed for
+ministration to the poor and the sick. It is still in existence.
+
+Her house, like that of Mary and Martha of old, was a place of
+spiritual resort. There the pastor, deacons, and other leading members
+of the church found congenial society. She early began the exercise of
+her gifts as a teacher. At that time, fifteen years ago, she had among
+her pupils Thompson Walker, her stepfather, William Thornton, and
+William Davis, all now able and eloquent exhorters. She was afterward
+of great service to others, who are now efficient exhorters and
+members of the church. Up to the time of the burning of Hampton, she
+was engaged in instructing children and adults, through her shrewdness
+and the divine protection eluding the vigilance of conservators of the
+slave law, or, if temporarily interfered with, again commencing and
+prosecuting her labors of love with cautious fearlessness, and this
+in the midst of the infirmities attending a feeble constitution.
+
+In 1851, Mary was married to Thomas Peake, formerly a slave, but
+afterward a free man, light colored, intelligent, pious, and in every
+respect a congenial companion, with whom she lived happily till her
+decease.
+
+The bereaved husband bears affectionate testimony to the strong mind
+and sound judgment which dwelt in that feeble frame. He loves to speak
+of his indebtedness to her richly stored mind for much of his
+knowledge of the Bible. At his request, she would sit for hours and
+relate Bible history. Others of our leading brethren also gratefully
+acknowledge that they have drawn largely from the same storehouse of
+biblical and varied knowledge.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+ Commencement of the Mission at Fortress
+ Monroe.--Flight of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning
+ of the Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen.
+
+
+About the first of September, 1861, the writer commenced the mission
+at Fortress Monroe, under the auspices of the American Missionary
+Association, and was quartered in a building called the _Seminary_.
+Three months before this, the Union troops entered Hampton from Old
+Point. The exciting scenes connected with this event have been
+narrated to me by eye-witnesses. Among these troops were Duryea's
+Zouaves, called by the people "red men," from the color of their
+dress.
+
+The utmost consternation seized the inhabitants of Hampton, when they
+found the Union troops were approaching. Many of the colored people
+even were in a state of suspense. All kinds of stories had been told
+in regard to what the Yankees would do with them. Yet hope
+predominated over fear. They could hardly believe that the Yankees
+meant them any harm. But unmitigated fear filled the breasts of the
+secessionists. There had been loud boasts of what they would do; but
+when the red trowsers approached, their bravery all ran down into
+their nimble feet. The battery of several large guns which they had
+planted, and which might have done great mischief to the Union troops,
+had they been bravely manned, was drawn off. In their confusion, the
+bridge was first fired, and then the fire extinguished. Men, women,
+and children ran screaming in every direction, crying, "They come!
+they come! What shall we do?"
+
+Here is a man within doors, gun in hand, pacing the floor in
+consternation, ever and anon rushing to the window, and casting a
+frightened glance in the direction of the road from the fort, till he
+espies the Turk-like looking forms, moving "double quick," when he
+darts from the house, screaming, "They are coming! they are coming!"
+Off he flies, with the fleetness of fear, and in a few moments is seen
+no more.
+
+But in one house there are _two_ individuals, fearless and calm: Mrs.
+Peake and her little daughter Daisy sit alike unalarmed; the one in
+child-like faith, the other in child-like simplicity. Mrs. Walker,
+Mrs. Peake's mother, is in a neighbor's house. Some time previous, the
+lady of the house, an intimate friend, having great confidence in
+sister Walker's prayers, said to her, "Sally, you must pray harder."
+
+"Oh," said she, "I do pray as hard as I can."
+
+"How do you pray, Sally?"
+
+"I pray that the Lord's will may be done."
+
+"You don't pray right, Sally," said one of them; "you must pray for
+Jeff. Davis."
+
+"Oh," said she, "I pray as well as I can, and as hard as I can. I am
+praying all the time."
+
+"That's right," said the other; "pray on, Sally--your prayer will
+surely be heard. You can't pray any better prayer than you do. Pray
+that the Lord's will may be done: I am sure it is the Lord's will that
+the Yankees should not come here to disturb us; and I have faith to
+believe they will not. Pray on, Sally; pray as hard as you can."
+
+"I will, ma'am."
+
+Time passed on; and now, on that fearful morning, just after the sun
+has peeped above the horizon, lo, the Yankees! The strong faith above
+expressed fails the possessor; and she, who would scarcely have set
+foot on the ground for very delicacy, and who would not have been seen
+riding out, unless in a fine carriage, drawn by fine horses, elegantly
+harnessed, is now heard calling for any old horse or mule, and any
+rickety wagon or cart, with rope harness--any thing--any thing to take
+her out of the reach of the Yankees! Masters and mistresses are now
+turned fugitives.
+
+Here is one of many interviews between masters and slaves.
+
+"What's the matter, master?"
+
+"Oh, the Yankees are coming!"
+
+"Are they? are they? What shall I do, master?" with affected tokens of
+fear.
+
+"Get out of the town as soon as you can."
+
+"Oh, master, I'm afraid to leave the house. Oh, those Yankees! Do you
+think they will hurt me?"
+
+"Yes, they'll take you and sell you off to Cuba. Perhaps they'll kill
+you."
+
+"Will they, master?"
+
+"Yes, I tell you; why don't you leave the town, you rascal?"
+
+"Oh, master, I don't know what to do. You an't a-going to leave us for
+the Yankees to catch; are you?"
+
+"Yes, I'm off, and you better be off with yourself--if you don't I'll
+shoot you."
+
+"Oh, master, don't shoot me--don't leave me!"
+
+"There they come!"
+
+"Where, master, where? where?"
+
+"I can't stop--good by--you better be off!"
+
+But Tony laughs in his sleeve, and says, with upturned eyes, "I'm not
+afraid of the Yankees! Bless God, old master's gone--hope he'll never
+come back any more!"
+
+The Zouaves, on "double quick," approach nearer, and up rides one of
+the secessionists, in hot haste.
+
+"What's the matter, master? What's the matter?" inquires an
+intelligent negro.
+
+"Oh, matter enough, you villain. You brought all this trouble on us. I
+am disappointed in you; I thought you would stick by us; but you
+desert your best friends in extremity. You won't find those Yankees
+what you expect."
+
+"Oh, master, won't you stay and protect us?"
+
+"No; good by, you villain. I'm out of town, and so you had better be,
+very quick." And on he flies.
+
+The Zouaves are now crossing the bridge,--now they enter the
+town,--and as they pass through street after street, with hats off,
+they bow politely to the colored people, who cheer them from doors and
+windows. Now every fear is dissipated. Colored knees are bent, and
+colored lips praise the Lord. The hope that had all along predominated
+over fear is more than met, and the town is full of gladness. The
+tidings spread, and the place is soon thronged with colored people
+from the country around.
+
+But how different with the white inhabitants! Go with me to the
+Sinclair estate--a mile or two north of the town. One of the officers
+rides up to the house, and says,--
+
+"Do you own this place?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"Well, deliver up all your horses."
+
+Sam Simpson, the colored foreman, says, "Boys, bring up the horses."
+
+"Oh, sir, spare an old man!"
+
+"Hurry out those horses!"
+
+"Oh, Sam, stand by me! Oh, dear, I shall die! Don't leave me! Don't
+leave me!"
+
+Poor old man! His ill-gotten riches are taking wings; the day of
+retribution has come upon him, and, in spite of a sense of its
+justice, we can not withhold our pity.
+
+The colored people were soon set to work in constructing the battery
+in Hampton, under the superintendence of Mr. Pierce, of the
+Massachusetts regiment, since then superintendent of the Port Royal
+cotton culture. They worked with a will, so that he was obliged to
+suspend labor during the heat of the day, lest they should over-exert
+themselves. After a month had elapsed, the battle of Big Bethel was
+fought, and _not_ won; and soon after, the disastrous defeat and
+flight of Bull Run occurred.
+
+To reenforce the army of the Potomac a large part of the troops at
+Fortress Monroe were ordered away. General Butler, concluding that he
+had not sufficient force to hold Hampton, ordered it to be evacuated.
+He gave a week's notice to the colored people to leave, and find
+refuge on the other side of the bridge. But many of them delayed too
+long, and were able to move but a part of their goods; in consequence
+of which they suffered serious loss.
+
+Among these was Mr. Peake. He lost a large part of his furniture, as
+well as his two houses. The order of the rebel General Magruder to
+fire the place was a gross exhibition of vandalism, without the
+justifiable plea of military necessity. The incendiary work began on
+the west side of the village, and spread toward the wharves. Hemmed in
+by the conflagration on one side, and our firing on the opposite
+shore, many of the executers of the order fell dead or wounded, and
+were consumed by the voracious flames. Those who witnessed it said it
+was an appalling sight.
+
+The evacuation took place on the 7th and the conflagration on the 8th
+of August. I arrived about a month afterward, and on visiting Hampton,
+in company with the provost marshal, Captain Burleigh, I found only
+about half a dozen houses that had escaped. One large house had had
+its floor fired, but the fire had mysteriously gone out, without doing
+much damage. A large new building, a little out of town, was also
+standing uninjured. But the most of the village was a charred ruin;
+the unsightly chimneys, and a few more or less dilapidated walls,
+surviving to tell the story of what had been.
+
+Thus the place remained in abandoned isolation during the winter. But
+with the beginning of spring, the progress of our arms opened Hampton
+to reoccupation. It was thought proper that those who, during the
+winter, had been confined in large houses, overcrowded, should at
+once build up the ruins, and provide themselves homes. To this end,
+application was made for an appropriation of government lumber for
+past services. Some lumber was received in this way, and the
+evacuation of the camps by the soldiers, who had winter quarters here,
+furnished still more.
+
+Quite a large number of neat cottages have already been built. I
+encouraged the people to build these small tenements on lots belonging
+to the most decided rebels, hoping that, if not claimed by former
+owners, these homesteads would be given to the occupants by
+government. Thus Hampton is becoming quite a thriving, free
+settlement, supported by fishing, oystering, huckstering, artisanship,
+gardening, and farming. Colored people have settled on farms vacated
+by owners, and will do well in keeping dairies, and cultivating the
+land, and gathering its fruit, if not molested.
+
+The old court-house walls, that survived the fire, have been inclosed
+for a church and school house. The work was done by colored mechanics.
+It seems fit that this place, where injustice has been sanctioned by
+law, should be converted into a sanctuary of justice, righteousness,
+and free education.
+
+We consider that we are here trying the very highest experiment with
+ex-slaves. They are here emphatically "turned loose," and are shifting
+for themselves,--doing their own head-work and hand-work. It is not to
+be expected that on the "sacred soil of Virginia" this experiment
+should be carried out without encountering difficulties; but we feel
+it to be a thing of blessed interest to follow as Providence leads,
+and do the work of faith and love, leaving the result with him. There
+is inspiration in the reflection that we are doing a representative
+work, and whatever the issue, the work will not be burned up, nor the
+workers permitted to suffer essential loss. We know that our labor is
+not in vain in the Lord.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+ Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs.
+ Peake a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas
+ Festival.
+
+
+The religious and educational part of the mission has been one of
+blessedness and promise. And in this, as in everything else, I have
+aimed to teach self-development. In connection with the gathering of
+the people in religious meetings, I proposed to commence Sabbath and
+week-day schools, with such teachers as I had at hand. Meanwhile, some
+of the children of the vicinity, getting perhaps some hint of my
+intention, or prompted by an impulse from on high, called on Mrs.
+Peake, and requested her to teach them, as she had taught the children
+in Hampton.
+
+It was with much gratification that I learned this request. I soon
+found from observation, as well as information, that we had in her a
+teacher of the choicest spirit, and of peculiar qualifications. She
+was happy in having pupils as ready to learn as to request
+instruction. Her school numbered at first only about half a dozen, but
+in a few days she had between fifty and sixty. These scholars were
+found to have generally very fair intellectual capabilities, and a few
+evinced quite rare talents. Among these was her own little daughter,
+five years old, named Hattie, but familiarly called by the pet name of
+Daisy. She learned to read simple lessons fluently in a very short
+time. Others also exhibited a precocity which from day to day rewarded
+and stimulated the ardor of this devoted teacher.
+
+Mrs. Peake was not satisfied with the ordinary routine of the week-day
+school room, but felt that the teacher of a mission school should aim
+to educate the children for eternity as well as for time. She found
+great assistance in the primer, catechism, and other elementary
+religious books, with which she had been furnished. She felt that the
+teachings of the week-day school ought to be largely preparatory to
+the rehearsals of the Sabbath school. What an impression for good
+would be made upon the rising generation, were this course universally
+pursued!
+
+Mrs. Peake deeply realized that every undertaking, and especially that
+of training the young, should be begun and continued with prayer. She
+not only prayed with her pupils, but taught them to pray. Having a
+rich store of scriptural knowledge, and feeling its worth, and the
+importance of simplifying it to the young, in order to awaken their
+interest, she bestowed special attention on catechetical instruction.
+Not satisfied with having Scripture truths committed to memory, she
+explained and inculcated them, with line upon line and precept upon
+precept, drawn from her own knowledge and experience. I can not think
+that this spiritual instruction interfered in the least with the
+other, but rather was a handmaid to it, furnishing a pleasant as well
+as profitable variety, awakening and developing heart and mind at
+once.
+
+Mrs. Peake also considered singing an important part of a right
+education. Among the favorite hymns first learned and sung in her
+school were, "I want to be an angel," "There is a happy land," "Around
+the throne of God in heaven," "Here we meet to part again," "In heaven
+we part no more," and others of kindred spirit, so familiar in the
+Sabbath schools at the North. How ardent was her desire to win the
+young intellect and affections for Jesus and heaven! With strict
+appropriateness may we apply to her the poet's language,--
+
+ "And as a bird each fond endearment tries,
+ To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies,
+ She tried each art, reproved each dull delay,
+ Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way."
+
+While Mrs. Peake attached prime importance to the training of the
+rising generation, she felt that great improvement might be made among
+the adults. This view inspired her action from the first in Hampton,
+and with a blessed result, that is now apparent to all. She was
+accordingly very ready to gratify the desire of a number of adults for
+an evening school, notwithstanding her increasing infirmities. The
+result is, that several, who scarcely knew the alphabet before, now
+begin to read with considerable readiness.
+
+In these multiplied labors, she exhibited a martyr spirit, of the true
+type. Often when she was confined to her bed, her pupils would be
+found around her, drawing knowledge as it were from her very life.
+Again and again did Dr. Browne, brigade surgeon, who concerned himself
+for her like a brother, advise her to consider her weakness, and
+intermit her exhausting duties. The scene of these labors was the
+Brown Cottage, near the seminary, fronting on Hampton Roads. The
+school room was the front room, first story. Her own family apartment
+was the front room, second story. It will ever be a place about which
+precious memories will linger.
+
+It was proposed that, on Christmas day, the children of the school
+should have a festival. All the week previous, they were busy, with
+their teacher, in preparations and rehearsals. A large room on the
+first floor of the seminary was decorated with evergreens for the
+occasion, and at one end a platform was constructed. At an early hour
+in the evening, the room was crowded with colored children and
+adults, and soldiers and officers. The programme opened with the
+singing of "My country, 'tis of thee." Chaplain Fuller read the
+account of the nativity of Christ. Dr. Linson prayed. Then the
+children discoursed very sweet music in solo, semi-chorus, and chorus,
+and at intervals spoke pieces in a very commendable manner,
+considering that it was probably the first attempt of colored children
+in the South.
+
+Little Daisy, (Mrs. Peake's only child,) about five years old, was the
+acknowledged star of the evening. She sang very prettily in solo, and
+also in connection with the chorus. She sang alone the whole of the
+hymn, "I want to be an angel."
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE DAISY.]
+
+I spoke of the contrast between the present and the past. A year ago,
+_white_ children in Hampton could enjoy a scene of this kind, but
+_colored_ children were excluded. But now times have changed. The
+white man's child is away, and the colored man's child is on the
+stage, and swells the choral song. And this is but a miniature picture
+of what will be. The present is prophetic of the future. The few
+hundred children about Fortress Monroe, now gathered into schools,
+after the pattern of this first school, are types of one million of
+children throughout the sunny South, on whom the sunlight of knowledge
+is yet to shine.
+
+After the concert exercises, the members of the school and others
+repaired to the Brown Cottage. Here we were conducted into the school
+room, which, like the concert room, was tastefully decorated with
+evergreens; and we filed around a long table laden with refreshments,
+and surrounded with Christmas trees, loaded with good things, all
+gotten up spontaneously by, and at the expense of, the colored people
+in the neighborhood. The viands were partaken of with a relish, and
+by unanimous consent it was declared a merry Christmas of the right
+type; the children sang, "Merry Christmas to all! Merry Christmas!
+Merry Christmas to all!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+ Failing of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell
+ Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion.
+
+
+After the exciting scenes of the Christmas festival, Mrs. Peake's
+health sensibly declined, and in a week or two she was obliged to
+suspend, and soon to give up entirely, the charge to which she had
+clung with such tenacity. I visited her frequently, and was the bearer
+of clothing and other tokens from friends at the North. Every thing in
+our power was done to cheer her, and never were ministerings more
+cordially bestowed, or more gratefully received and richly repaid. To
+visit her had always been a privilege, but the privilege was doubly
+precious during her last illness. To see how a frail woman, with an
+exquisitely nervous temperament, could deliberately and calmly bid
+farewell to family, pupils, and friends, and yield herself into her
+Father's hands, to pass through the ordeal of sickness and death, was
+a privilege and a blessing.
+
+In her presence I was a learner, and, under the inspiration of her
+words and example, obtained new strength for fresh endeavors in the
+cause of God and humanity. In one of my visits, she told me that I
+must give her love to the committee in New York, and all the friends
+of the mission; that she had had a bright vision of her Saviour, and
+he had assured her that the cause would triumph; that we were sowing
+seed which would spring up and become a tree, to overspread the whole
+earth; that we should be a great blessing to this down-trodden people,
+and they would fulfill a glorious destiny. "Oh, yes," said she,
+"brother Lockwood, you will succeed, for Jesus has told me so this
+morning."
+
+For two weeks previous to her death, she seemed to be in the "land of
+Beulah," on the "mountains of the shepherds," where, like Bunyan's
+pilgrim, she could clearly descry the promised land. She had a strong
+desire to depart and be with Christ, which was far better than even
+his most intimate earthly visits. Again and again, as I called to see
+her, she assured me that she had had a fresh visit from her Saviour,
+and he had told her that where he was she should be, and she would be
+like him when she should see him as he is. She knew not where in the
+universe heaven might be, but where her Saviour was, there would be
+her heaven, for she would be with him.
+
+Her constantly increasing cough and expectoration, though not attended
+with much pain, were, as usual, accompanied with uneasiness, want of
+sleep, and great weakness, which made her frequently request prayer
+that she might have patience to bear all without a murmur, and await
+her Father's will. She wanted to say, with the feelings of Job, "All
+the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. I know
+that my Redeemer liveth."
+
+At one time, her symptoms seemed more favorable, and I expressed a
+hope of her recovery. "No," said she; "I have taken leave of my
+family, and of every thing on earth, and I would rather go, if it be
+God's will; only I want to wait patiently till he comes to call me."
+Her husband and mother told me that, during the previous night, she
+had bidden them all farewell, and left farewell messages for her
+school, and the church, and all her friends. She had thus set her
+house in order, to die, or, rather, to live a diviner life, and she
+was waiting the summons home. She said that she felt like a little
+child in her Father's arms; and if, by lifting a pebble, she could
+hold back her spirit, she would not do it.
+
+Several days before her death, she requested me to sing "The
+Christian's Home in Glory," or "Rest for the Weary"--a hymn, with its
+tune, dear to her for itself and for its associations. As I repeated
+the chorus, she exclaimed, again and again, with great tenderness and
+emphasis, "Rest, rest, rest! Oh, brother Lockwood, there I shall rest,
+rest, rest! This weary head shall rest on my Saviour's bosom."
+
+When I had sung the last stanza,--
+
+ "Sing, oh, sing, ye heirs of glory,
+ Shout your triumph as you go,"--
+
+she burst out in an ecstasy that seemed as if the spirit would break
+away from the body, "Oh, brother, I shall sing! I shall shout! Won't
+we sing? Won't we shout? Yes, we shall--we shall sing and shout!"
+
+On Saturday morning, February 22, she was in a very happy frame of
+mind, and said that she had had precious visits from her Saviour; he
+had told her that he was coming soon, and would fulfill her heart's
+desire in taking her to him. Her mother said, that during the previous
+night she had been constantly reaching up, and sometimes she would cry
+out, with great earnestness, "Do not leave me, dear Jesus."
+
+She requested me to sing for her, and I sung, "The Shining Shore," and
+"Homeward Bound." During the singing of the last stanza of the latter
+song, she was filled with joy.
+
+ "Into the harbor of heaven now we glide,
+ We're home at last!
+ Softly we drift o'er its bright silver tide,
+ We're home at last!
+ Glory to God! All our dangers are o'er;
+ We stand secure on the glorified shore;
+ Glory to God! we will shout evermore,
+ We're home at last!"
+
+"Yes," she exclaimed, "home at last! Glory to God! Home at last! Oh,
+I shall soon be home--home--home at last!"
+
+On the night of that day, about twelve o'clock, her waiting, longing
+spirit went home. Washington's birthday was her birthday to a higher
+life. After many a sleepless night, this last evening she was
+permitted to rest quietly, till the midnight cry struck upon her ear,
+"Behold, the bridegroom cometh!" It found her ready, with her lamp
+trimmed and burning. Calling for her mother, she threw herself into
+her embrace, as her spirit did into the embrace of her Saviour.
+
+Just at midnight, on all the ships in Hampton Roads,--and which are so
+near us that the cry on shipboard is distinctly heard on shore,--the
+watchman cried aloud, as usual, "Twelve o'clock, and all's well!" The
+sound penetrated the sick chamber, and the dying invalid apparently
+heard it. She smiled sweetly, and then breathed her last sigh, and
+entered upon that rest which remains for the people of God.
+
+The next morning, which was the Sabbath, I called, and found her
+husband and mother bearing up under their bereavement with Christian
+fortitude. They could smile through their tears; though they wept, it
+was not as those who have no hope. In the services of the day, the
+bereaved were remembered in fervent, sympathizing prayer. We all felt
+sorely afflicted, and would have grieved, but for the thought that our
+temporary loss was her eternal gain. In the evening, a prayer meeting
+was held till midnight in the room where her body lay; but all felt
+like saying, She is not here; her spirit is with her Father and our
+Father, her God and our God.
+
+On Monday, at eleven o'clock, a large concourse assembled at her
+funeral. We met in her school room, at the Brown Cottage, a place
+sweetened and hallowed by associations with her crowning labors, and
+thus a fit place for these leave-taking services. The occasion was one
+of mingled sorrow and joy. The services were begun by singing,
+according to her request, the familiar hymn,--
+
+ "I would not live alway,"--
+
+to the tune of "Sweet Home," in which it is generally sung by the
+people here, with the chorus,--
+
+ "Home! Home! Sweet, sweet home!
+ There's no place like heaven, there's no place like home!"
+
+The impression was very thrilling. Chaplain Fuller, of the sixteenth
+Massachusetts regiment, offered prayer--praying fervently for the
+bereaved mother and husband, and for little Daisy, who would one day
+realize more than now a mother's worth by her loss. We then sung,
+according to her request, her favorite hymn, "The Christian's Home in
+Glory," or "Rest for the Weary." I selected for my text Hebrews
+4:9--"There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God." At the
+conclusion of the sermon the children sang,--
+
+ "Here we suffer grief and pain;
+ Here we meet to part again;
+ In heaven we part no more.
+ Oh, that will be joyful,
+ Joyful, joyful, joyful,
+ Oh, that will be joyful,
+ When we meet to part no more.
+
+ "_Little children_ will be there,
+ Who have sought the Lord by prayer,
+ From every Sabbath school.
+ Oh, that will be joyful, &c.
+
+ "_Teachers_, too, shall meet above,
+ And our _pastors_, whom we love,
+ Shall meet to part no more.
+ Oh, that will be joyful," &c.
+
+The coffin was then opened, and we took the last, lingering look at a
+face whose heavenly lineaments I can never forget.
+
+In long procession, in which her recent charge bore a prominent part,
+we accompanied her to her resting place. The place of her sepulture is
+about a hundred yards north of the seminary, on the bank of the inlet.
+A live-oak tree stands at her head, projecting its emblematic
+evergreen foliage over the sod-roofed tenement.
+
+The departed selected, as a remembrance of her immortality, the 17th
+verse of the 118th Psalm, "I shall not die, but live." The thirty-nine
+years of her earthly existence were but the prelude to a life beyond
+the sky; and while her spirit survives the ravages of death, her name
+shall live in memory.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+In this unpretending memoir may its subject live again, and not in
+vain. May teachers gather from her example fresh inspiration, and the
+benevolent Christian fresh impulses in doing good. May they who enjoy
+advantages superior to those of her proscribed race, take heed lest
+the latter, by the better improvement of the little light enjoyed,
+rise up in the judgment and condemn them.
+
+Let Sabbath scholars, and children of pious parentage and Christian
+education, who from earliest years have not only been taught to lisp
+the Saviour's name, but to read it, pity the slave child, shut out
+from such advantages, and give heed to instruction, lest, having more
+given and unimproved, they be beaten with many stripes. Let all who
+have an interest at the throne of grace remember little Daisy, and
+pray that she may walk in her mother's footsteps, as far as she
+followed Christ, only following more closely, attaining still greater
+excellence, achieving still greater usefulness, and winning a still
+brighter crown of glory.
+
+As the enlarging harvest field whitens into ripeness, may the Lord of
+the harvest send forth an increasing number of laborers. Oh, who will
+give ear to the echoing cry, "Come over and help us"? Come to the
+harvest work, and you too, with arms full of golden sheaves, shall
+shout the harvest home. Who will pay the hire of the laborers? Who
+will lend to the Lord the capital needful to secure the harvest in
+season and well? For such there shall be untold riches laid up in
+heaven. And who will sustain those who bear the burden and heat of the
+day, by the buoyancy of prayer? This is a work thrice blessed to all
+concerned.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+MISSION TO THE FREEDMEN.
+
+
+On the 8th of August, 1861, a letter was addressed to Major-General
+Butler, then in command at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by the treasurer
+of the American Missionary Association, respecting the people whom he
+had denominated "contrabands." In this letter, the writer communicated
+to General Butler the wishes of some persons in the free states, that,
+as considerable embarrassment was felt by the public authorities with
+regard to the increasing numbers of colored persons who had fled and
+were fleeing for protection to the forts and camps of the United
+States, they should be sent into the free states to obtain employment.
+A prompt and courteous reply was received, and, in reference to the
+desire expressed, General Butler stated that the "contrabands" would
+be protected; that many of them would be employed in government
+service; that there was land enough to cultivate in Virginia; and as
+the freedmen would never be suffered to return into bondage, there was
+no necessity for sending any of them to the Northern States.
+
+The executive committee of the association, feeling highly encouraged
+by these assurances, at once determined to commence a mission at
+Fortress Monroe. Rev. Lewis C. Lockwood was commissioned as their
+first missionary to the freedmen. He repaired to Washington, where he
+received encouragement from the government, and recommendation to the
+commanding general, Wool, who had succeeded General Butler. General
+Wool received him cordially, heartily approved the plan, and afforded
+him all needful facilities.
+
+Mr. Lockwood conferred with the leading persons among the freedmen,
+investigated the condition and wants of the people, made arrangements
+for week-day and Sabbath meetings, organized week-day and evening
+schools, employed several of the most intelligent and gifted colored
+people as assistants, and through the committee in New York made
+urgent appeals for clothing, &c., for the destitute, and also for
+additional missionaries and teachers.
+
+The late lamented Mrs. Mary S. Peake was the first teacher employed.
+She continued to teach as long as her health permitted, and near to
+the time of her decease. Other teachers have been employed; chaplains
+in the army and pious soldiers have proffered their occasional
+services, and the religious meetings, Sabbath schools, and week-day
+schools, have been well attended. Mr. Lockwood labored there thirteen
+months, and then removed to another field. In his final report, he
+states that he had ministered to a congregation at Hampton, where the
+average attendance was four hundred; and to a congregation at Fortress
+Monroe, where the average attendance was about the same.
+
+A day school was kept in a house, near Hampton, formerly the residence
+of Ex-President Tyler, which was wholly given up for the use of the
+freedmen. This school was subsequently removed to the old Court House
+at Hampton, which had been fitted up for the purpose, government
+furnishing a portion of the lumber. This school became the largest
+under the care of the freedmen's teachers, and numbered at one time
+five hundred scholars. Among the ruins of Hampton, which had, at an
+early period of the rebellion, been burned by the rebels, the colored
+people erected rude cottages, the materials being gathered from the
+vacated camps, the deserted dwellings of fugitive slaveholders, &c.
+
+Such of the freedmen as were not employed by government have obtained
+a living by fishing, oystering, huckstering, carting, washing, &c.
+
+
+INTERESTING FACTS.
+
+Many highly interesting facts have been communicated with regard to
+the freedmen--their natural endowments, their facility in acquiring
+knowledge in letters and arms, their industrial habits, their
+shrewdness in business transactions, their gratitude, their courage,
+their acquaintance with passing events, their confidence that the
+result of the rebellion will be the liberation of their people, and
+their piety. Some of these facts have been extensively published, and
+have been read with high gratification. It is thought that a few of
+these facts may add to the value of this little publication.
+
+[Illustration: A "CONTRABAND" SCHOOL.]
+
+
+SCHOOLS FOR THE CHILDREN.
+
+A young teacher at Hampton, Virginia, writes as follows: "When I first
+commenced the school here, I found the children such as slavery
+makes--quarrelsome, thievish, uncleanly in their persons and attire,
+and seemingly inclined to almost every species of wickedness; and it
+appeared to me that they were too far gone to be ever raised to any
+thing like intelligent children at the North. But I found that I had
+reckoned without my host in the persons of these children.
+
+"At the end of the first week there was a decided improvement
+manifested, and in four weeks you hardly ever saw one hundred and
+fifty children more cleanly in their persons and apparel. Their
+lessons were, in most cases, quickly and correctly learned, and their
+behavior was kind and affectionate toward each other, while in singing
+the sweet little Sabbath school songs, I should not hesitate to put
+them side by side with the best of our Sabbath-school scholars at the
+North. And they so fully appreciate my humble efforts in their behalf,
+that my table in the school room is loaded, morning and noon, with
+oranges, lemons, apples, figs, candies, and other sweet things too
+numerous to mention, all testifying their love to me, although I can
+do so little for them."
+
+Another teacher, at Beaufort, South Carolina, writes: "My school
+numbered about forty of the children. Most of them were very dirty and
+poorly dressed, all very black in color. A happier group of children I
+never expect to witness than those who composed my school: bright
+eyes, happy looks, kind and patient dispositions, made them look
+attractive to my eyes, though they were 'horribly black,' as some have
+called them, and very dirty at first. But they were so innocent, so
+despised by others, and withal so anxious to learn, that I felt a true
+sympathy for them.
+
+"Their masters have kept them in darkness and degradation. This is
+only the result of slavery.
+
+"They are very eager to learn. Every one wishes to be taught first;
+yet, unlike some white children, they are patient and willing to wait.
+They do not easily tire of study, but are very diligent in getting
+their lessons. I have known them to teach each other, or sit alone and
+drill over a lesson for two hours at a time.
+
+"Let me relate to you a little incident that will illustrate what I
+have just said. One day, at Beaufort, soon after we landed, while
+walking through the upper portion of the town, I heard a little voice
+saying the alphabet, while another wee voice, scarcely audible, was
+repeating it after the first. I looked quickly around to discover from
+whence the voice came; and what do you think I saw? Why, seated on the
+piazza of a large empty house were two of the blackest little negro
+children, one about seven, the other not more than three years old.
+The elder had his arm thrown lovingly around the almost naked form of
+the other, and with an open primer in the lap of one, they were at
+their study. An hour after, I returned by the same spot, and was both
+pleased and surprised to find them still at it. God bless the little
+ones!
+
+"This desire, or rather eagerness, to learn to read, is manifested by
+all. I have stopped by the wayside many a time, and have immediately
+collected a group of old and young about me, and have made them repeat
+the alphabet after me slowly, letter by letter. They esteem it the
+greatest kindness I can show them, and as I turn to depart, the
+fervent 'God bless you, massa,' 'Tank de Lord, massa,' reach my ears."
+
+
+MORALS OF THE FREEDMEN.
+
+After the mission had been established, one of the officers' wives
+remarked to another, "I do not miss my things nowadays."
+
+Nearly all the church members had taken the temperance pledge.
+
+"They have their vices," writes a northern physician on one of the
+plantations on Port Royal Island; "deception and petty thieving
+prevail. They are careless, indolent, and improvident. They have a
+miserable habit of scolding and using authoritative language to one
+another. All these vices are clearly the result of _slave education_,
+and will gradually disappear under improved conditions.... If one is
+honest with them, and gets their confidence, the rest is easily
+accomplished."
+
+
+MARRIAGE.
+
+A very large portion, probably, at least, more than half of the
+"married" freed people, had been married only in slave fashion, by
+"taking up together," or living together by mutual agreement, without
+any marriage ceremony. The missionary proposed to such that they
+should be married agreeably to the usages in the free states. The
+leaders of the colored people were conversed with, and they, without
+exception, agreed as to the propriety of the measure. One, now
+advanced in life, said, that when he proposed to his companion to go
+to a minister and be lawfully married, she replied, "Oh, what use will
+it be? Master can separate us to-morrow." But he coincided fully in
+the propriety of the proposed course.
+
+Mr. Lockwood, after preaching on the sanctity of the marriage
+relation, proceeded to unite in wedlock several couples, among whom
+were some who had lived together for years. He gave each of the
+parties a certificate, in handsome form, which they seemed to prize
+very highly. It appeared to have a most beneficial effect upon the
+parties themselves, and the whole population.
+
+
+NATIVE ELOQUENCE.
+
+Not a few of the freedmen, though illiterate, exhibit remarkable
+powers of eloquence. The missionary, in describing the address of one
+of them, after a discourse by the former, says, "The address was a
+masterpiece. It melted every heart. He appealed to the soldiers
+present who were in rebellion against God, striving to put down
+rebellion in this land, and asked them how they, who had been taught
+to read the Bible, and had learned the Lord's Prayer in infancy from a
+mother's lips, could stand in judgment, when a poor, despised, and
+inferior race, who, though denied the Bible, had been taught of God,
+and found their way to Christ, should rise up and condemn them. He
+then turned to his fellow 'contrabands,' and entreated them to embrace
+thankfully, and improve, the boon already given. He considered the
+present a pledge of the future--the virtual emancipation of fifteen or
+eighteen hundred the promise of the emancipation of four millions. The
+Lord works from little to great."
+
+
+CHURCH MEETING.
+
+The missionary wrote: "Last Thursday I had an opportunity to observe
+the intellectual state of a considerable number of the brethren at a
+church meeting. I was surprised at their understanding and wisdom in
+regard to church order and propriety, and tone of discipline. As the
+church records had been burned up in the church edifice at Hampton, I
+inquired how far any of them could recall their contents. One or two
+replied that they could almost repeat the church regulations from
+memory.
+
+"In the discussion, high ground was taken in regard to the Sabbath,
+the temperance cause, and other matters of Christian morality. In
+discipline, stress was laid on the propriety and duty of private
+admonition, in its successive scriptural steps, before public censure.
+On this point one brother said he had privately admonished a neighbor
+of the impropriety of taking articles to the camp on the Sabbath, and
+he had acknowledged his fault, and promised amendment. The duty of
+forgiving offenders, and undoing wrongs, was also insisted on. Several
+had been improperly excluded from church privileges through the
+influence of white power. It was, therefore, decided to-day that those
+who had the confidence of the church should be restored to
+church-fellowship unconditionally."
+
+One of the members, and an aged leader, stated that he had on one
+occasion been seized by a white deacon, dragged down from the gallery,
+and threatened with thirty-nine lashes, because there was a little of
+the Methodist in his composition, and he had "got happy and shouted in
+meeting."
+
+On another occasion, William Davis concluded some remarks as follows:
+"I hope that all of you, old and young, will learn to read, as I did.
+When I was converted, I was anxious to learn to read God's book. I
+kneeled down by my book, [he here kneeled by the table,] and prayed
+that God would teach me to read it--if only a little, I would be
+thankful. And I learned, and you can if you will, for you have no one
+to hinder you, as I had. We should all show that we are worthy of
+freedom. Only educate us, and we will show ourselves capable of
+knowledge. Some say we have not the same faculties and feelings with
+white folks.... All we want is cultivation. What would the best soil
+produce without cultivation? We want to get wisdom. That is all we
+need. Let us get that, and we are made for time and eternity."
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+All spelling is as it appears in the original text. The frontispiece
+illustration has been moved to follow the title page, and the 'Little
+Daisy' illustration has been shifted slightly so that it is not in the
+middle of a paragraph.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood
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