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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/20744-8.txt b/20744-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be64547 --- /dev/null +++ b/20744-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1487 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mary S. Peake + The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe + +Author: Lewis C. Lockwood + +Release Date: March 4, 2007 [EBook #20744] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. PEAKE *** + + + + +Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sam W. and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + MARY S. PEAKE, + + The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe. + + + BY REV. LEWIS C. LOCKWOOD, +FIRST MISSIONARY TO THE FREEDMEN AT FORTRESS MONROE, 1862. + + + WITH AN APPENDIX. + + + PUBLISHED BY THE + AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY, + 28 CORNHILL, BOSTON. + + +[Illustration: Mary S. Peake] + + + + +CONTENTS. + + +CHAPTER I. PAGE + +Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious +Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with +the Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. 5 + +CHAPTER II. + +Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.--Flight +of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning of the +Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. 16 + +CHAPTER III. + +Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. Peake +a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas Festival. 30 + +CHAPTER IV. + +Failure of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell +Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. 39 + +APPENDIX. 53 + + + + +MARY S. PEAKE. + +CHAPTER I. + + Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious + Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with the + Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. + + +The subject of this narrative was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823. +Her maiden name was Mary Smith Kelsey. Her mother was a free colored +woman, very light, and her father a white man--an Englishman of rank +and culture. She was a very lovely child in person and manners, and as +she grew up, developed traits of character which made her a universal +favorite. + +When she was six years old, her mother sent her to Alexandria, for +the purpose of attending school. She remained there in school about +ten years, residing with her aunt, Mary Paine. Mrs. Paine occupied a +house belonging to Mr. Rollins Fowle, and near his residence. This +gentleman and his family were distinguished for their kindness to +colored people. He frequently bought slaves who were in danger of +being sold into bad hands, gave them their freedom, and set them up in +business. John Paine, Mary's uncle, was one whom he freed in this way. +Mary was a great pet in Mr. Fowle's family, and was treated almost +like a daughter. + +A schoolmate of hers, now residing in Providence, Rhode Island, says +Mary was a very amiable girl, and a good student. They for a time +attended a select colored school taught by a colored woman. Afterward +they attended a colored school taught by white teachers. The last +teacher was Mr. Nuthall, an Englishman. He taught till a law of +Congress enacted that the law of Virginia in relation to free colored +people should prevail in the District of Columbia. This was several +years before Alexandria was retroceded to Virginia. This law closed +all colored schools in the city. Mary was compelled to leave the +school in consequence of being informed of as having come from +Virginia. + +While at school, Mary acquired a good English education, and, in +addition to this, a knowledge of various kinds of needlework, and also +dress-making. Her aunt was a devoted Christian, and no doubt had a +very happy influence on Mary. Her mother also was converted when Mary +was two or three years old. Under these influences she was early the +subject of serious impressions. Though fond of general reading and +study, there was no book she loved so well as the Bible. This was her +companion and text book, and she committed large portions of it to +memory. + +When sixteen years old, having finished her education, she returned to +her mother, at Norfolk. Soon afterward, those religious elements which +had existed from early childhood--grown with her growth and +strengthened with her strength--became dominant by the grace of God, +and asserted their power over her. + +Near her residence was a garden, connected with a large old mansion, +between Fenchurch and Church Streets. In this garden was a dilapidated +family tomb. It was impressed on her mind that she must go into this +tomb to pray. At the dead hour of night she sought this gloomy abode +of moldering coffins and scattered bones. As she entered and knelt in +the death cell, she trembled with a fear which her prayers could not +dissipate. Quickly and stealthily she retraced her steps, and hurried +back to her home. Yet the next night, this girl of sixteen had the +courage to seek the dismal place again, and the next night yet again, +with similar results. But at length light broke upon the darkness of +the tomb, and it became a place of delightful communion with her Lord; +whence it was afterward called "Mary's parlor." At the midnight hour, +she left the tomb, and broke the silence of the night with a jubilant +song, fearless of the patrol. The song was this strain of Watts, in +which many a saint has poured forth his soul:-- + + "Stand up, my soul, shake off thy fears, + And gird the gospel armor on; + March to the gates of endless joy, + Where Jesus, thy great Captain, 's gone. + + "Hell and thy sins resist thy course, + But hell and sin are vanquished foes; + Thy Jesus nailed them to the cross, + And sung the triumph when he rose. + + "Then let my soul march boldly on, + Press forward to the heavenly gate; + There peace and joy eternal reign, + And glittering robes for conquerors wait. + + "There shall I wear a starry crown, + And triumph in almighty grace; + While all the armies of the skies + Join in my glorious Leader's praise." + +This strain fell on the waking ears of ladies in the house adjacent to +the tomb, and they inquired, "What sweet music is that? Who is +serenading at this hour?" Little did they know the spirit-promptings +of that song. + +Soon after this, Mary went to visit some friends in Hampton. As she +entered the yard, and approached the house, she sang another +expressive hymn of Watts:-- + + "Firm as the earth thy gospel stands, + My Lord, my Hope, my Trust; + If I am found in Jesus' hands, + My soul can ne'er be lost. + + "His honor is engaged to save + The meanest of his sheep; + All whom his heavenly Father gave + His hands securely keep. + + "Nor death nor hell shall e'er remove + His favorites from his breast; + Safe on the bosom of his love + Shall they for ever rest." + +Her friends opened the door at the sound of the tender music, and as +they looked on her face, and listened to her song, they were overcome, +and could not restrain their emotions. + +Soon afterward, she united with the First Baptist Church in Norfolk, +on Bute Street. The pastor was Rev. James A. Mitchell, who served the +church from the time of Nat Turner's insurrection till his death, +about 1852. He was emphatically a good man, and a father to the +colored people--a very Barnabas, "son of consolation" indeed. A +considerable portion of his church were colored people, and he would +visit them at their houses, take meals with them, and enter into their +affairs, temporal and spiritual, with a true and zealous heart. He +never loved slavery; his private opinion was against it, but he was +obliged to be cautious in the expression of his sentiments. He endured +great trials for this proscribed class, and was almost a martyr in +their behalf, his pastorate having begun just after Nat Turner's +insurrection, which caused great persecution and restriction of +privileges. But the Lord was with him, and made him to triumph. + +Mary's mother says that she delighted to visit the poor in Norfolk, +and especially the aged. A very old man, in the suburbs, often came to +her door, and never went empty away; and frequently at evening she +would go and carry him warm tea, and in the winter she brought him +wood in small armfuls. When he died, he said he wanted Mary to have +all that belonged to him. Though he was scarcely worth three cents, it +was a rich heart gift. + +Her Christian course was marked with usefulness. Self-denying devotion +to the glory of God and the good of others characterized her earlier, +as her later career. A deacon of the church on whom the writer called +when recently in Norfolk, says she had a strong desire for the +conversion of souls, and was often found exhorting them to repentance. +Other members of the church bore the highest testimony to her uniform +Christian deportment. + +In 1847, Mary's mother was married to Thompson Walker, and bought a +house in Hampton, where they resided until the town was burned by the +rebels in 1861. Though sustaining herself by her needle, Mary found +time for many labors of love. Among other things, she originated a +benevolent society, called the "Daughters of Zion," designed for +ministration to the poor and the sick. It is still in existence. + +Her house, like that of Mary and Martha of old, was a place of +spiritual resort. There the pastor, deacons, and other leading members +of the church found congenial society. She early began the exercise of +her gifts as a teacher. At that time, fifteen years ago, she had among +her pupils Thompson Walker, her stepfather, William Thornton, and +William Davis, all now able and eloquent exhorters. She was afterward +of great service to others, who are now efficient exhorters and +members of the church. Up to the time of the burning of Hampton, she +was engaged in instructing children and adults, through her shrewdness +and the divine protection eluding the vigilance of conservators of the +slave law, or, if temporarily interfered with, again commencing and +prosecuting her labors of love with cautious fearlessness, and this +in the midst of the infirmities attending a feeble constitution. + +In 1851, Mary was married to Thomas Peake, formerly a slave, but +afterward a free man, light colored, intelligent, pious, and in every +respect a congenial companion, with whom she lived happily till her +decease. + +The bereaved husband bears affectionate testimony to the strong mind +and sound judgment which dwelt in that feeble frame. He loves to speak +of his indebtedness to her richly stored mind for much of his +knowledge of the Bible. At his request, she would sit for hours and +relate Bible history. Others of our leading brethren also gratefully +acknowledge that they have drawn largely from the same storehouse of +biblical and varied knowledge. + + + + +CHAPTER II. + + Commencement of the Mission at Fortress + Monroe.--Flight of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning + of the Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. + + +About the first of September, 1861, the writer commenced the mission +at Fortress Monroe, under the auspices of the American Missionary +Association, and was quartered in a building called the _Seminary_. +Three months before this, the Union troops entered Hampton from Old +Point. The exciting scenes connected with this event have been +narrated to me by eye-witnesses. Among these troops were Duryea's +Zouaves, called by the people "red men," from the color of their +dress. + +The utmost consternation seized the inhabitants of Hampton, when they +found the Union troops were approaching. Many of the colored people +even were in a state of suspense. All kinds of stories had been told +in regard to what the Yankees would do with them. Yet hope +predominated over fear. They could hardly believe that the Yankees +meant them any harm. But unmitigated fear filled the breasts of the +secessionists. There had been loud boasts of what they would do; but +when the red trowsers approached, their bravery all ran down into +their nimble feet. The battery of several large guns which they had +planted, and which might have done great mischief to the Union troops, +had they been bravely manned, was drawn off. In their confusion, the +bridge was first fired, and then the fire extinguished. Men, women, +and children ran screaming in every direction, crying, "They come! +they come! What shall we do?" + +Here is a man within doors, gun in hand, pacing the floor in +consternation, ever and anon rushing to the window, and casting a +frightened glance in the direction of the road from the fort, till he +espies the Turk-like looking forms, moving "double quick," when he +darts from the house, screaming, "They are coming! they are coming!" +Off he flies, with the fleetness of fear, and in a few moments is seen +no more. + +But in one house there are _two_ individuals, fearless and calm: Mrs. +Peake and her little daughter Daisy sit alike unalarmed; the one in +child-like faith, the other in child-like simplicity. Mrs. Walker, +Mrs. Peake's mother, is in a neighbor's house. Some time previous, the +lady of the house, an intimate friend, having great confidence in +sister Walker's prayers, said to her, "Sally, you must pray harder." + +"Oh," said she, "I do pray as hard as I can." + +"How do you pray, Sally?" + +"I pray that the Lord's will may be done." + +"You don't pray right, Sally," said one of them; "you must pray for +Jeff. Davis." + +"Oh," said she, "I pray as well as I can, and as hard as I can. I am +praying all the time." + +"That's right," said the other; "pray on, Sally--your prayer will +surely be heard. You can't pray any better prayer than you do. Pray +that the Lord's will may be done: I am sure it is the Lord's will that +the Yankees should not come here to disturb us; and I have faith to +believe they will not. Pray on, Sally; pray as hard as you can." + +"I will, ma'am." + +Time passed on; and now, on that fearful morning, just after the sun +has peeped above the horizon, lo, the Yankees! The strong faith above +expressed fails the possessor; and she, who would scarcely have set +foot on the ground for very delicacy, and who would not have been seen +riding out, unless in a fine carriage, drawn by fine horses, elegantly +harnessed, is now heard calling for any old horse or mule, and any +rickety wagon or cart, with rope harness--any thing--any thing to take +her out of the reach of the Yankees! Masters and mistresses are now +turned fugitives. + +Here is one of many interviews between masters and slaves. + +"What's the matter, master?" + +"Oh, the Yankees are coming!" + +"Are they? are they? What shall I do, master?" with affected tokens of +fear. + +"Get out of the town as soon as you can." + +"Oh, master, I'm afraid to leave the house. Oh, those Yankees! Do you +think they will hurt me?" + +"Yes, they'll take you and sell you off to Cuba. Perhaps they'll kill +you." + +"Will they, master?" + +"Yes, I tell you; why don't you leave the town, you rascal?" + +"Oh, master, I don't know what to do. You an't a-going to leave us for +the Yankees to catch; are you?" + +"Yes, I'm off, and you better be off with yourself--if you don't I'll +shoot you." + +"Oh, master, don't shoot me--don't leave me!" + +"There they come!" + +"Where, master, where? where?" + +"I can't stop--good by--you better be off!" + +But Tony laughs in his sleeve, and says, with upturned eyes, "I'm not +afraid of the Yankees! Bless God, old master's gone--hope he'll never +come back any more!" + +The Zouaves, on "double quick," approach nearer, and up rides one of +the secessionists, in hot haste. + +"What's the matter, master? What's the matter?" inquires an +intelligent negro. + +"Oh, matter enough, you villain. You brought all this trouble on us. I +am disappointed in you; I thought you would stick by us; but you +desert your best friends in extremity. You won't find those Yankees +what you expect." + +"Oh, master, won't you stay and protect us?" + +"No; good by, you villain. I'm out of town, and so you had better be, +very quick." And on he flies. + +The Zouaves are now crossing the bridge,--now they enter the +town,--and as they pass through street after street, with hats off, +they bow politely to the colored people, who cheer them from doors and +windows. Now every fear is dissipated. Colored knees are bent, and +colored lips praise the Lord. The hope that had all along predominated +over fear is more than met, and the town is full of gladness. The +tidings spread, and the place is soon thronged with colored people +from the country around. + +But how different with the white inhabitants! Go with me to the +Sinclair estate--a mile or two north of the town. One of the officers +rides up to the house, and says,-- + +"Do you own this place?" + +"Yes." + +"Well, deliver up all your horses." + +Sam Simpson, the colored foreman, says, "Boys, bring up the horses." + +"Oh, sir, spare an old man!" + +"Hurry out those horses!" + +"Oh, Sam, stand by me! Oh, dear, I shall die! Don't leave me! Don't +leave me!" + +Poor old man! His ill-gotten riches are taking wings; the day of +retribution has come upon him, and, in spite of a sense of its +justice, we can not withhold our pity. + +The colored people were soon set to work in constructing the battery +in Hampton, under the superintendence of Mr. Pierce, of the +Massachusetts regiment, since then superintendent of the Port Royal +cotton culture. They worked with a will, so that he was obliged to +suspend labor during the heat of the day, lest they should over-exert +themselves. After a month had elapsed, the battle of Big Bethel was +fought, and _not_ won; and soon after, the disastrous defeat and +flight of Bull Run occurred. + +To reënforce the army of the Potomac a large part of the troops at +Fortress Monroe were ordered away. General Butler, concluding that he +had not sufficient force to hold Hampton, ordered it to be evacuated. +He gave a week's notice to the colored people to leave, and find +refuge on the other side of the bridge. But many of them delayed too +long, and were able to move but a part of their goods; in consequence +of which they suffered serious loss. + +Among these was Mr. Peake. He lost a large part of his furniture, as +well as his two houses. The order of the rebel General Magruder to +fire the place was a gross exhibition of vandalism, without the +justifiable plea of military necessity. The incendiary work began on +the west side of the village, and spread toward the wharves. Hemmed in +by the conflagration on one side, and our firing on the opposite +shore, many of the executers of the order fell dead or wounded, and +were consumed by the voracious flames. Those who witnessed it said it +was an appalling sight. + +The evacuation took place on the 7th and the conflagration on the 8th +of August. I arrived about a month afterward, and on visiting Hampton, +in company with the provost marshal, Captain Burleigh, I found only +about half a dozen houses that had escaped. One large house had had +its floor fired, but the fire had mysteriously gone out, without doing +much damage. A large new building, a little out of town, was also +standing uninjured. But the most of the village was a charred ruin; +the unsightly chimneys, and a few more or less dilapidated walls, +surviving to tell the story of what had been. + +Thus the place remained in abandoned isolation during the winter. But +with the beginning of spring, the progress of our arms opened Hampton +to reoccupation. It was thought proper that those who, during the +winter, had been confined in large houses, overcrowded, should at +once build up the ruins, and provide themselves homes. To this end, +application was made for an appropriation of government lumber for +past services. Some lumber was received in this way, and the +evacuation of the camps by the soldiers, who had winter quarters here, +furnished still more. + +Quite a large number of neat cottages have already been built. I +encouraged the people to build these small tenements on lots belonging +to the most decided rebels, hoping that, if not claimed by former +owners, these homesteads would be given to the occupants by +government. Thus Hampton is becoming quite a thriving, free +settlement, supported by fishing, oystering, huckstering, artisanship, +gardening, and farming. Colored people have settled on farms vacated +by owners, and will do well in keeping dairies, and cultivating the +land, and gathering its fruit, if not molested. + +The old court-house walls, that survived the fire, have been inclosed +for a church and school house. The work was done by colored mechanics. +It seems fit that this place, where injustice has been sanctioned by +law, should be converted into a sanctuary of justice, righteousness, +and free education. + +We consider that we are here trying the very highest experiment with +ex-slaves. They are here emphatically "turned loose," and are shifting +for themselves,--doing their own head-work and hand-work. It is not to +be expected that on the "sacred soil of Virginia" this experiment +should be carried out without encountering difficulties; but we feel +it to be a thing of blessed interest to follow as Providence leads, +and do the work of faith and love, leaving the result with him. There +is inspiration in the reflection that we are doing a representative +work, and whatever the issue, the work will not be burned up, nor the +workers permitted to suffer essential loss. We know that our labor is +not in vain in the Lord. + + + + +CHAPTER III. + + Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. + Peake a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas + Festival. + + +The religious and educational part of the mission has been one of +blessedness and promise. And in this, as in everything else, I have +aimed to teach self-development. In connection with the gathering of +the people in religious meetings, I proposed to commence Sabbath and +week-day schools, with such teachers as I had at hand. Meanwhile, some +of the children of the vicinity, getting perhaps some hint of my +intention, or prompted by an impulse from on high, called on Mrs. +Peake, and requested her to teach them, as she had taught the children +in Hampton. + +It was with much gratification that I learned this request. I soon +found from observation, as well as information, that we had in her a +teacher of the choicest spirit, and of peculiar qualifications. She +was happy in having pupils as ready to learn as to request +instruction. Her school numbered at first only about half a dozen, but +in a few days she had between fifty and sixty. These scholars were +found to have generally very fair intellectual capabilities, and a few +evinced quite rare talents. Among these was her own little daughter, +five years old, named Hattie, but familiarly called by the pet name of +Daisy. She learned to read simple lessons fluently in a very short +time. Others also exhibited a precocity which from day to day rewarded +and stimulated the ardor of this devoted teacher. + +Mrs. Peake was not satisfied with the ordinary routine of the week-day +school room, but felt that the teacher of a mission school should aim +to educate the children for eternity as well as for time. She found +great assistance in the primer, catechism, and other elementary +religious books, with which she had been furnished. She felt that the +teachings of the week-day school ought to be largely preparatory to +the rehearsals of the Sabbath school. What an impression for good +would be made upon the rising generation, were this course universally +pursued! + +Mrs. Peake deeply realized that every undertaking, and especially that +of training the young, should be begun and continued with prayer. She +not only prayed with her pupils, but taught them to pray. Having a +rich store of scriptural knowledge, and feeling its worth, and the +importance of simplifying it to the young, in order to awaken their +interest, she bestowed special attention on catechetical instruction. +Not satisfied with having Scripture truths committed to memory, she +explained and inculcated them, with line upon line and precept upon +precept, drawn from her own knowledge and experience. I can not think +that this spiritual instruction interfered in the least with the +other, but rather was a handmaid to it, furnishing a pleasant as well +as profitable variety, awakening and developing heart and mind at +once. + +Mrs. Peake also considered singing an important part of a right +education. Among the favorite hymns first learned and sung in her +school were, "I want to be an angel," "There is a happy land," "Around +the throne of God in heaven," "Here we meet to part again," "In heaven +we part no more," and others of kindred spirit, so familiar in the +Sabbath schools at the North. How ardent was her desire to win the +young intellect and affections for Jesus and heaven! With strict +appropriateness may we apply to her the poet's language,-- + + "And as a bird each fond endearment tries, + To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies, + She tried each art, reproved each dull delay, + Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way." + +While Mrs. Peake attached prime importance to the training of the +rising generation, she felt that great improvement might be made among +the adults. This view inspired her action from the first in Hampton, +and with a blessed result, that is now apparent to all. She was +accordingly very ready to gratify the desire of a number of adults for +an evening school, notwithstanding her increasing infirmities. The +result is, that several, who scarcely knew the alphabet before, now +begin to read with considerable readiness. + +In these multiplied labors, she exhibited a martyr spirit, of the true +type. Often when she was confined to her bed, her pupils would be +found around her, drawing knowledge as it were from her very life. +Again and again did Dr. Browne, brigade surgeon, who concerned himself +for her like a brother, advise her to consider her weakness, and +intermit her exhausting duties. The scene of these labors was the +Brown Cottage, near the seminary, fronting on Hampton Roads. The +school room was the front room, first story. Her own family apartment +was the front room, second story. It will ever be a place about which +precious memories will linger. + +It was proposed that, on Christmas day, the children of the school +should have a festival. All the week previous, they were busy, with +their teacher, in preparations and rehearsals. A large room on the +first floor of the seminary was decorated with evergreens for the +occasion, and at one end a platform was constructed. At an early hour +in the evening, the room was crowded with colored children and +adults, and soldiers and officers. The programme opened with the +singing of "My country, 'tis of thee." Chaplain Fuller read the +account of the nativity of Christ. Dr. Linson prayed. Then the +children discoursed very sweet music in solo, semi-chorus, and chorus, +and at intervals spoke pieces in a very commendable manner, +considering that it was probably the first attempt of colored children +in the South. + +Little Daisy, (Mrs. Peake's only child,) about five years old, was the +acknowledged star of the evening. She sang very prettily in solo, and +also in connection with the chorus. She sang alone the whole of the +hymn, "I want to be an angel." + +[Illustration: LITTLE DAISY.] + +I spoke of the contrast between the present and the past. A year ago, +_white_ children in Hampton could enjoy a scene of this kind, but +_colored_ children were excluded. But now times have changed. The +white man's child is away, and the colored man's child is on the +stage, and swells the choral song. And this is but a miniature picture +of what will be. The present is prophetic of the future. The few +hundred children about Fortress Monroe, now gathered into schools, +after the pattern of this first school, are types of one million of +children throughout the sunny South, on whom the sunlight of knowledge +is yet to shine. + +After the concert exercises, the members of the school and others +repaired to the Brown Cottage. Here we were conducted into the school +room, which, like the concert room, was tastefully decorated with +evergreens; and we filed around a long table laden with refreshments, +and surrounded with Christmas trees, loaded with good things, all +gotten up spontaneously by, and at the expense of, the colored people +in the neighborhood. The viands were partaken of with a relish, and +by unanimous consent it was declared a merry Christmas of the right +type; the children sang, "Merry Christmas to all! Merry Christmas! +Merry Christmas to all!" + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + + Failing of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell + Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. + + +After the exciting scenes of the Christmas festival, Mrs. Peake's +health sensibly declined, and in a week or two she was obliged to +suspend, and soon to give up entirely, the charge to which she had +clung with such tenacity. I visited her frequently, and was the bearer +of clothing and other tokens from friends at the North. Every thing in +our power was done to cheer her, and never were ministerings more +cordially bestowed, or more gratefully received and richly repaid. To +visit her had always been a privilege, but the privilege was doubly +precious during her last illness. To see how a frail woman, with an +exquisitely nervous temperament, could deliberately and calmly bid +farewell to family, pupils, and friends, and yield herself into her +Father's hands, to pass through the ordeal of sickness and death, was +a privilege and a blessing. + +In her presence I was a learner, and, under the inspiration of her +words and example, obtained new strength for fresh endeavors in the +cause of God and humanity. In one of my visits, she told me that I +must give her love to the committee in New York, and all the friends +of the mission; that she had had a bright vision of her Saviour, and +he had assured her that the cause would triumph; that we were sowing +seed which would spring up and become a tree, to overspread the whole +earth; that we should be a great blessing to this down-trodden people, +and they would fulfill a glorious destiny. "Oh, yes," said she, +"brother Lockwood, you will succeed, for Jesus has told me so this +morning." + +For two weeks previous to her death, she seemed to be in the "land of +Beulah," on the "mountains of the shepherds," where, like Bunyan's +pilgrim, she could clearly descry the promised land. She had a strong +desire to depart and be with Christ, which was far better than even +his most intimate earthly visits. Again and again, as I called to see +her, she assured me that she had had a fresh visit from her Saviour, +and he had told her that where he was she should be, and she would be +like him when she should see him as he is. She knew not where in the +universe heaven might be, but where her Saviour was, there would be +her heaven, for she would be with him. + +Her constantly increasing cough and expectoration, though not attended +with much pain, were, as usual, accompanied with uneasiness, want of +sleep, and great weakness, which made her frequently request prayer +that she might have patience to bear all without a murmur, and await +her Father's will. She wanted to say, with the feelings of Job, "All +the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. I know +that my Redeemer liveth." + +At one time, her symptoms seemed more favorable, and I expressed a +hope of her recovery. "No," said she; "I have taken leave of my +family, and of every thing on earth, and I would rather go, if it be +God's will; only I want to wait patiently till he comes to call me." +Her husband and mother told me that, during the previous night, she +had bidden them all farewell, and left farewell messages for her +school, and the church, and all her friends. She had thus set her +house in order, to die, or, rather, to live a diviner life, and she +was waiting the summons home. She said that she felt like a little +child in her Father's arms; and if, by lifting a pebble, she could +hold back her spirit, she would not do it. + +Several days before her death, she requested me to sing "The +Christian's Home in Glory," or "Rest for the Weary"--a hymn, with its +tune, dear to her for itself and for its associations. As I repeated +the chorus, she exclaimed, again and again, with great tenderness and +emphasis, "Rest, rest, rest! Oh, brother Lockwood, there I shall rest, +rest, rest! This weary head shall rest on my Saviour's bosom." + +When I had sung the last stanza,-- + + "Sing, oh, sing, ye heirs of glory, + Shout your triumph as you go,"-- + +she burst out in an ecstasy that seemed as if the spirit would break +away from the body, "Oh, brother, I shall sing! I shall shout! Won't +we sing? Won't we shout? Yes, we shall--we shall sing and shout!" + +On Saturday morning, February 22, she was in a very happy frame of +mind, and said that she had had precious visits from her Saviour; he +had told her that he was coming soon, and would fulfill her heart's +desire in taking her to him. Her mother said, that during the previous +night she had been constantly reaching up, and sometimes she would cry +out, with great earnestness, "Do not leave me, dear Jesus." + +She requested me to sing for her, and I sung, "The Shining Shore," and +"Homeward Bound." During the singing of the last stanza of the latter +song, she was filled with joy. + + "Into the harbor of heaven now we glide, + We're home at last! + Softly we drift o'er its bright silver tide, + We're home at last! + Glory to God! All our dangers are o'er; + We stand secure on the glorified shore; + Glory to God! we will shout evermore, + We're home at last!" + +"Yes," she exclaimed, "home at last! Glory to God! Home at last! Oh, +I shall soon be home--home--home at last!" + +On the night of that day, about twelve o'clock, her waiting, longing +spirit went home. Washington's birthday was her birthday to a higher +life. After many a sleepless night, this last evening she was +permitted to rest quietly, till the midnight cry struck upon her ear, +"Behold, the bridegroom cometh!" It found her ready, with her lamp +trimmed and burning. Calling for her mother, she threw herself into +her embrace, as her spirit did into the embrace of her Saviour. + +Just at midnight, on all the ships in Hampton Roads,--and which are so +near us that the cry on shipboard is distinctly heard on shore,--the +watchman cried aloud, as usual, "Twelve o'clock, and all's well!" The +sound penetrated the sick chamber, and the dying invalid apparently +heard it. She smiled sweetly, and then breathed her last sigh, and +entered upon that rest which remains for the people of God. + +The next morning, which was the Sabbath, I called, and found her +husband and mother bearing up under their bereavement with Christian +fortitude. They could smile through their tears; though they wept, it +was not as those who have no hope. In the services of the day, the +bereaved were remembered in fervent, sympathizing prayer. We all felt +sorely afflicted, and would have grieved, but for the thought that our +temporary loss was her eternal gain. In the evening, a prayer meeting +was held till midnight in the room where her body lay; but all felt +like saying, She is not here; her spirit is with her Father and our +Father, her God and our God. + +On Monday, at eleven o'clock, a large concourse assembled at her +funeral. We met in her school room, at the Brown Cottage, a place +sweetened and hallowed by associations with her crowning labors, and +thus a fit place for these leave-taking services. The occasion was one +of mingled sorrow and joy. The services were begun by singing, +according to her request, the familiar hymn,-- + + "I would not live alway,"-- + +to the tune of "Sweet Home," in which it is generally sung by the +people here, with the chorus,-- + + "Home! Home! Sweet, sweet home! + There's no place like heaven, there's no place like home!" + +The impression was very thrilling. Chaplain Fuller, of the sixteenth +Massachusetts regiment, offered prayer--praying fervently for the +bereaved mother and husband, and for little Daisy, who would one day +realize more than now a mother's worth by her loss. We then sung, +according to her request, her favorite hymn, "The Christian's Home in +Glory," or "Rest for the Weary." I selected for my text Hebrews +4:9--"There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God." At the +conclusion of the sermon the children sang,-- + + "Here we suffer grief and pain; + Here we meet to part again; + In heaven we part no more. + Oh, that will be joyful, + Joyful, joyful, joyful, + Oh, that will be joyful, + When we meet to part no more. + + "_Little children_ will be there, + Who have sought the Lord by prayer, + From every Sabbath school. + Oh, that will be joyful, &c. + + "_Teachers_, too, shall meet above, + And our _pastors_, whom we love, + Shall meet to part no more. + Oh, that will be joyful," &c. + +The coffin was then opened, and we took the last, lingering look at a +face whose heavenly lineaments I can never forget. + +In long procession, in which her recent charge bore a prominent part, +we accompanied her to her resting place. The place of her sepulture is +about a hundred yards north of the seminary, on the bank of the inlet. +A live-oak tree stands at her head, projecting its emblematic +evergreen foliage over the sod-roofed tenement. + +The departed selected, as a remembrance of her immortality, the 17th +verse of the 118th Psalm, "I shall not die, but live." The thirty-nine +years of her earthly existence were but the prelude to a life beyond +the sky; and while her spirit survives the ravages of death, her name +shall live in memory. + + * * * * * + +In this unpretending memoir may its subject live again, and not in +vain. May teachers gather from her example fresh inspiration, and the +benevolent Christian fresh impulses in doing good. May they who enjoy +advantages superior to those of her proscribed race, take heed lest +the latter, by the better improvement of the little light enjoyed, +rise up in the judgment and condemn them. + +Let Sabbath scholars, and children of pious parentage and Christian +education, who from earliest years have not only been taught to lisp +the Saviour's name, but to read it, pity the slave child, shut out +from such advantages, and give heed to instruction, lest, having more +given and unimproved, they be beaten with many stripes. Let all who +have an interest at the throne of grace remember little Daisy, and +pray that she may walk in her mother's footsteps, as far as she +followed Christ, only following more closely, attaining still greater +excellence, achieving still greater usefulness, and winning a still +brighter crown of glory. + +As the enlarging harvest field whitens into ripeness, may the Lord of +the harvest send forth an increasing number of laborers. Oh, who will +give ear to the echoing cry, "Come over and help us"? Come to the +harvest work, and you too, with arms full of golden sheaves, shall +shout the harvest home. Who will pay the hire of the laborers? Who +will lend to the Lord the capital needful to secure the harvest in +season and well? For such there shall be untold riches laid up in +heaven. And who will sustain those who bear the burden and heat of the +day, by the buoyancy of prayer? This is a work thrice blessed to all +concerned. + + + + +APPENDIX. + +MISSION TO THE FREEDMEN. + + +On the 8th of August, 1861, a letter was addressed to Major-General +Butler, then in command at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by the treasurer +of the American Missionary Association, respecting the people whom he +had denominated "contrabands." In this letter, the writer communicated +to General Butler the wishes of some persons in the free states, that, +as considerable embarrassment was felt by the public authorities with +regard to the increasing numbers of colored persons who had fled and +were fleeing for protection to the forts and camps of the United +States, they should be sent into the free states to obtain employment. +A prompt and courteous reply was received, and, in reference to the +desire expressed, General Butler stated that the "contrabands" would +be protected; that many of them would be employed in government +service; that there was land enough to cultivate in Virginia; and as +the freedmen would never be suffered to return into bondage, there was +no necessity for sending any of them to the Northern States. + +The executive committee of the association, feeling highly encouraged +by these assurances, at once determined to commence a mission at +Fortress Monroe. Rev. Lewis C. Lockwood was commissioned as their +first missionary to the freedmen. He repaired to Washington, where he +received encouragement from the government, and recommendation to the +commanding general, Wool, who had succeeded General Butler. General +Wool received him cordially, heartily approved the plan, and afforded +him all needful facilities. + +Mr. Lockwood conferred with the leading persons among the freedmen, +investigated the condition and wants of the people, made arrangements +for week-day and Sabbath meetings, organized week-day and evening +schools, employed several of the most intelligent and gifted colored +people as assistants, and through the committee in New York made +urgent appeals for clothing, &c., for the destitute, and also for +additional missionaries and teachers. + +The late lamented Mrs. Mary S. Peake was the first teacher employed. +She continued to teach as long as her health permitted, and near to +the time of her decease. Other teachers have been employed; chaplains +in the army and pious soldiers have proffered their occasional +services, and the religious meetings, Sabbath schools, and week-day +schools, have been well attended. Mr. Lockwood labored there thirteen +months, and then removed to another field. In his final report, he +states that he had ministered to a congregation at Hampton, where the +average attendance was four hundred; and to a congregation at Fortress +Monroe, where the average attendance was about the same. + +A day school was kept in a house, near Hampton, formerly the residence +of Ex-President Tyler, which was wholly given up for the use of the +freedmen. This school was subsequently removed to the old Court House +at Hampton, which had been fitted up for the purpose, government +furnishing a portion of the lumber. This school became the largest +under the care of the freedmen's teachers, and numbered at one time +five hundred scholars. Among the ruins of Hampton, which had, at an +early period of the rebellion, been burned by the rebels, the colored +people erected rude cottages, the materials being gathered from the +vacated camps, the deserted dwellings of fugitive slaveholders, &c. + +Such of the freedmen as were not employed by government have obtained +a living by fishing, oystering, huckstering, carting, washing, &c. + + +INTERESTING FACTS. + +Many highly interesting facts have been communicated with regard to +the freedmen--their natural endowments, their facility in acquiring +knowledge in letters and arms, their industrial habits, their +shrewdness in business transactions, their gratitude, their courage, +their acquaintance with passing events, their confidence that the +result of the rebellion will be the liberation of their people, and +their piety. Some of these facts have been extensively published, and +have been read with high gratification. It is thought that a few of +these facts may add to the value of this little publication. + +[Illustration: A "CONTRABAND" SCHOOL.] + + +SCHOOLS FOR THE CHILDREN. + +A young teacher at Hampton, Virginia, writes as follows: "When I first +commenced the school here, I found the children such as slavery +makes--quarrelsome, thievish, uncleanly in their persons and attire, +and seemingly inclined to almost every species of wickedness; and it +appeared to me that they were too far gone to be ever raised to any +thing like intelligent children at the North. But I found that I had +reckoned without my host in the persons of these children. + +"At the end of the first week there was a decided improvement +manifested, and in four weeks you hardly ever saw one hundred and +fifty children more cleanly in their persons and apparel. Their +lessons were, in most cases, quickly and correctly learned, and their +behavior was kind and affectionate toward each other, while in singing +the sweet little Sabbath school songs, I should not hesitate to put +them side by side with the best of our Sabbath-school scholars at the +North. And they so fully appreciate my humble efforts in their behalf, +that my table in the school room is loaded, morning and noon, with +oranges, lemons, apples, figs, candies, and other sweet things too +numerous to mention, all testifying their love to me, although I can +do so little for them." + +Another teacher, at Beaufort, South Carolina, writes: "My school +numbered about forty of the children. Most of them were very dirty and +poorly dressed, all very black in color. A happier group of children I +never expect to witness than those who composed my school: bright +eyes, happy looks, kind and patient dispositions, made them look +attractive to my eyes, though they were 'horribly black,' as some have +called them, and very dirty at first. But they were so innocent, so +despised by others, and withal so anxious to learn, that I felt a true +sympathy for them. + +"Their masters have kept them in darkness and degradation. This is +only the result of slavery. + +"They are very eager to learn. Every one wishes to be taught first; +yet, unlike some white children, they are patient and willing to wait. +They do not easily tire of study, but are very diligent in getting +their lessons. I have known them to teach each other, or sit alone and +drill over a lesson for two hours at a time. + +"Let me relate to you a little incident that will illustrate what I +have just said. One day, at Beaufort, soon after we landed, while +walking through the upper portion of the town, I heard a little voice +saying the alphabet, while another wee voice, scarcely audible, was +repeating it after the first. I looked quickly around to discover from +whence the voice came; and what do you think I saw? Why, seated on the +piazza of a large empty house were two of the blackest little negro +children, one about seven, the other not more than three years old. +The elder had his arm thrown lovingly around the almost naked form of +the other, and with an open primer in the lap of one, they were at +their study. An hour after, I returned by the same spot, and was both +pleased and surprised to find them still at it. God bless the little +ones! + +"This desire, or rather eagerness, to learn to read, is manifested by +all. I have stopped by the wayside many a time, and have immediately +collected a group of old and young about me, and have made them repeat +the alphabet after me slowly, letter by letter. They esteem it the +greatest kindness I can show them, and as I turn to depart, the +fervent 'God bless you, massa,' 'Tank de Lord, massa,' reach my ears." + + +MORALS OF THE FREEDMEN. + +After the mission had been established, one of the officers' wives +remarked to another, "I do not miss my things nowadays." + +Nearly all the church members had taken the temperance pledge. + +"They have their vices," writes a northern physician on one of the +plantations on Port Royal Island; "deception and petty thieving +prevail. They are careless, indolent, and improvident. They have a +miserable habit of scolding and using authoritative language to one +another. All these vices are clearly the result of _slave education_, +and will gradually disappear under improved conditions.... If one is +honest with them, and gets their confidence, the rest is easily +accomplished." + + +MARRIAGE. + +A very large portion, probably, at least, more than half of the +"married" freed people, had been married only in slave fashion, by +"taking up together," or living together by mutual agreement, without +any marriage ceremony. The missionary proposed to such that they +should be married agreeably to the usages in the free states. The +leaders of the colored people were conversed with, and they, without +exception, agreed as to the propriety of the measure. One, now +advanced in life, said, that when he proposed to his companion to go +to a minister and be lawfully married, she replied, "Oh, what use will +it be? Master can separate us to-morrow." But he coincided fully in +the propriety of the proposed course. + +Mr. Lockwood, after preaching on the sanctity of the marriage +relation, proceeded to unite in wedlock several couples, among whom +were some who had lived together for years. He gave each of the +parties a certificate, in handsome form, which they seemed to prize +very highly. It appeared to have a most beneficial effect upon the +parties themselves, and the whole population. + + +NATIVE ELOQUENCE. + +Not a few of the freedmen, though illiterate, exhibit remarkable +powers of eloquence. The missionary, in describing the address of one +of them, after a discourse by the former, says, "The address was a +masterpiece. It melted every heart. He appealed to the soldiers +present who were in rebellion against God, striving to put down +rebellion in this land, and asked them how they, who had been taught +to read the Bible, and had learned the Lord's Prayer in infancy from a +mother's lips, could stand in judgment, when a poor, despised, and +inferior race, who, though denied the Bible, had been taught of God, +and found their way to Christ, should rise up and condemn them. He +then turned to his fellow 'contrabands,' and entreated them to embrace +thankfully, and improve, the boon already given. He considered the +present a pledge of the future--the virtual emancipation of fifteen or +eighteen hundred the promise of the emancipation of four millions. The +Lord works from little to great." + + +CHURCH MEETING. + +The missionary wrote: "Last Thursday I had an opportunity to observe +the intellectual state of a considerable number of the brethren at a +church meeting. I was surprised at their understanding and wisdom in +regard to church order and propriety, and tone of discipline. As the +church records had been burned up in the church edifice at Hampton, I +inquired how far any of them could recall their contents. One or two +replied that they could almost repeat the church regulations from +memory. + +"In the discussion, high ground was taken in regard to the Sabbath, +the temperance cause, and other matters of Christian morality. In +discipline, stress was laid on the propriety and duty of private +admonition, in its successive scriptural steps, before public censure. +On this point one brother said he had privately admonished a neighbor +of the impropriety of taking articles to the camp on the Sabbath, and +he had acknowledged his fault, and promised amendment. The duty of +forgiving offenders, and undoing wrongs, was also insisted on. Several +had been improperly excluded from church privileges through the +influence of white power. It was, therefore, decided to-day that those +who had the confidence of the church should be restored to +church-fellowship unconditionally." + +One of the members, and an aged leader, stated that he had on one +occasion been seized by a white deacon, dragged down from the gallery, +and threatened with thirty-nine lashes, because there was a little of +the Methodist in his composition, and he had "got happy and shouted in +meeting." + +On another occasion, William Davis concluded some remarks as follows: +"I hope that all of you, old and young, will learn to read, as I did. +When I was converted, I was anxious to learn to read God's book. I +kneeled down by my book, [he here kneeled by the table,] and prayed +that God would teach me to read it--if only a little, I would be +thankful. And I learned, and you can if you will, for you have no one +to hinder you, as I had. We should all show that we are worthy of +freedom. Only educate us, and we will show ourselves capable of +knowledge. Some say we have not the same faculties and feelings with +white folks.... All we want is cultivation. What would the best soil +produce without cultivation? We want to get wisdom. That is all we +need. Let us get that, and we are made for time and eternity." + + +Transcriber's Note: + +All spelling is as it appears in the original text. The frontispiece +illustration has been moved to follow the title page, and the 'Little +Daisy' illustration has been shifted slightly so that it is not in the +middle of a paragraph. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. 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Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mary S. Peake + The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe + +Author: Lewis C. Lockwood + +Release Date: March 4, 2007 [EBook #20744] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. PEAKE *** + + + + +Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sam W. and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + +<h1>MARY S. PEAKE,</h1> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<h2>The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe.</h2> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<h2><span class="smcap">By REV. LEWIS C. LOCKWOOD</span>,</h2> +<h4>FIRST MISSIONARY TO THE FREEDMEN AT FORTRESS MONROE, 1862.</h4> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<h3>WITH AN APPENDIX.</h3> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;"> +<img src="images/mptct_01.jpg" width="100" height="104" +alt="Publisher's device" +title=""ATS 1814"" /> +</div> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<h4>PUBLISHED BY THE</h4> + +<h3>AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY,</h3> + +<h4><span class="smcap">28 Cornhill, Boston.</span></h4> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 419px;"> +<img src="images/mptct_02.jpg" width="419" height="600" +alt="Portrait of Mary S. Peake" +title="Mary S. Peake" /> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="60%" summary="Table of Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">CHAPTER I.</td> + <td class="tdr"><span class="smcap lowercase">PAGE</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Birth and Parentage.—Education.—Religious +Convictions.—Prayers in the Tomb.—Union with the +Church.—Labors for the Poor.—Marriage.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">CHAPTER II.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.—Flight +of the Rebels from Hampton.—Burning of the Town.—The Place reoccupied +by Freedmen.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">CHAPTER III.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Opening of Religious Services and Schools.—Mrs. Peake +a Teacher.—Singing in the Schools.—Christmas Festival.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">CHAPTER IV.</td> + <td class="tdr"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Failure of Health.—Religious Joy.—Farewell +Messages.—Death.—Funeral.—Conclusion.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">APPENDIX.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a></span></p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> + +<h2>MARY S. PEAKE.</h2> + +<h2>CHAPTER I.</h2> + +<div class="content"><p>Birth and Parentage.—Education.—Religious Convictions.—Prayers +in the Tomb.—Union with the Church.—Labors +for the Poor.—Marriage.</p></div> + + +<p>The subject of this narrative was born +in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823. Her maiden +name was Mary Smith Kelsey. Her mother +was a free colored woman, very light, +and her father a white man—an Englishman +of rank and culture. She was a +very lovely child in person and manners, +and as she grew up, developed traits of +character which made her a universal favorite.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> +When she was six years old, her mother +sent her to Alexandria, for the purpose of +attending school. She remained there in +school about ten years, residing with her +aunt, Mary Paine. Mrs. Paine occupied a +house belonging to Mr. Rollins Fowle, and +near his residence. This gentleman and +his family were distinguished for their +kindness to colored people. He frequently +bought slaves who were in danger of being +sold into bad hands, gave them their freedom, +and set them up in business. John +Paine, Mary's uncle, was one whom he +freed in this way. Mary was a great pet +in Mr. Fowle's family, and was treated +almost like a daughter.</p> + +<p>A schoolmate of hers, now residing in +Providence, Rhode Island, says Mary was +a very amiable girl, and a good student. +They for a time attended a select colored +school taught by a colored woman. Afterward +they attended a colored school<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> +taught by white teachers. The last teacher +was Mr. Nuthall, an Englishman. He +taught till a law of Congress enacted that +the law of Virginia in relation to free colored +people should prevail in the District +of Columbia. This was several years before +Alexandria was retroceded to Virginia. +This law closed all colored schools +in the city. Mary was compelled to leave +the school in consequence of being informed +of as having come from Virginia.</p> + +<p>While at school, Mary acquired a good +English education, and, in addition to this, +a knowledge of various kinds of needlework, +and also dress-making. Her aunt +was a devoted Christian, and no doubt had +a very happy influence on Mary. Her +mother also was converted when Mary was +two or three years old. Under these influences +she was early the subject of serious +impressions. Though fond of general +reading and study, there was no book she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> +loved so well as the Bible. This was her +companion and text book, and she committed +large portions of it to memory.</p> + +<p>When sixteen years old, having finished +her education, she returned to her mother, +at Norfolk. Soon afterward, those religious +elements which had existed from +early childhood—grown with her growth +and strengthened with her strength—became +dominant by the grace of God, and +asserted their power over her.</p> + +<p>Near her residence was a garden, connected +with a large old mansion, between +Fenchurch and Church Streets. In this +garden was a dilapidated family tomb. It +was impressed on her mind that she must +go into this tomb to pray. At the dead +hour of night she sought this gloomy +abode of moldering coffins and scattered +bones. As she entered and knelt in the +death cell, she trembled with a fear which +her prayers could not dissipate. Quickly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> +and stealthily she retraced her steps, and +hurried back to her home. Yet the next +night, this girl of sixteen had the courage +to seek the dismal place again, and the +next night yet again, with similar results. +But at length light broke upon the darkness +of the tomb, and it became a place +of delightful communion with her Lord; +whence it was afterward called "Mary's +parlor." At the midnight hour, she left +the tomb, and broke the silence of the +night with a jubilant song, fearless of the +patrol. The song was this strain of Watts, +in which many a saint has poured forth +his soul:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Stand up, my soul, shake off thy fears,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And gird the gospel armor on;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">March to the gates of endless joy,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Where Jesus, thy great Captain, 's gone.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Hell and thy sins resist thy course,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">But hell and sin are vanquished foes;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy Jesus nailed them to the cross,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And sung the triumph when he rose.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> +<span class="i0">"Then let my soul march boldly on,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Press forward to the heavenly gate;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There peace and joy eternal reign,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And glittering robes for conquerors wait.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"There shall I wear a starry crown,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And triumph in almighty grace;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">While all the armies of the skies<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Join in my glorious Leader's praise."<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>This strain fell on the waking ears of +ladies in the house adjacent to the tomb, +and they inquired, "What sweet music is +that? Who is serenading at this hour?" +Little did they know the spirit-promptings +of that song.</p> + +<p>Soon after this, Mary went to visit some +friends in Hampton. As she entered the +yard, and approached the house, she sang +another expressive hymn of Watts:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Firm as the earth thy gospel stands,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">My Lord, my Hope, my Trust;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If I am found in Jesus' hands,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">My soul can ne'er be lost.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> +<span class="i0">"His honor is engaged to save<br /></span> +<span class="i1">The meanest of his sheep;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All whom his heavenly Father gave<br /></span> +<span class="i1">His hands securely keep.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Nor death nor hell shall e'er remove<br /></span> +<span class="i1">His favorites from his breast;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Safe on the bosom of his love<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Shall they for ever rest."<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>Her friends opened the door at the +sound of the tender music, and as they +looked on her face, and listened to her +song, they were overcome, and could not +restrain their emotions.</p> + +<p>Soon afterward, she united with the +First Baptist Church in Norfolk, on Bute +Street. The pastor was Rev. James A. +Mitchell, who served the church from the +time of Nat Turner's insurrection till his +death, about 1852. He was emphatically +a good man, and a father to the colored +people—a very Barnabas, "son of consolation" +indeed. A considerable portion of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +his church were colored people, and he +would visit them at their houses, take meals +with them, and enter into their affairs, temporal +and spiritual, with a true and zealous +heart. He never loved slavery; his private +opinion was against it, but he was +obliged to be cautious in the expression of +his sentiments. He endured great trials +for this proscribed class, and was almost a +martyr in their behalf, his pastorate having +begun just after Nat Turner's insurrection, +which caused great persecution and restriction +of privileges. But the Lord was +with him, and made him to triumph.</p> + +<p>Mary's mother says that she delighted to +visit the poor in Norfolk, and especially the +aged. A very old man, in the suburbs, +often came to her door, and never went +empty away; and frequently at evening +she would go and carry him warm tea, and +in the winter she brought him wood in +small armfuls. When he died, he said he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> +wanted Mary to have all that belonged to +him. Though he was scarcely worth three +cents, it was a rich heart gift.</p> + +<p>Her Christian course was marked with +usefulness. Self-denying devotion to the +glory of God and the good of others characterized +her earlier, as her later career. +A deacon of the church on whom the writer +called when recently in Norfolk, says +she had a strong desire for the conversion +of souls, and was often found exhorting +them to repentance. Other members of +the church bore the highest testimony to +her uniform Christian deportment.</p> + +<p>In 1847, Mary's mother was married to +Thompson Walker, and bought a house in +Hampton, where they resided until the +town was burned by the rebels in 1861. +Though sustaining herself by her needle, +Mary found time for many labors of love. +Among other things, she originated a benevolent +society, called the "Daughters of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> +Zion," designed for ministration to the +poor and the sick. It is still in existence.</p> + +<p>Her house, like that of Mary and Martha +of old, was a place of spiritual resort. +There the pastor, deacons, and other leading +members of the church found congenial +society. She early began the exercise +of her gifts as a teacher. At that +time, fifteen years ago, she had among her +pupils Thompson Walker, her stepfather, +William Thornton, and William Davis, all +now able and eloquent exhorters. She +was afterward of great service to others, +who are now efficient exhorters and members +of the church. Up to the time of the +burning of Hampton, she was engaged in +instructing children and adults, through +her shrewdness and the divine protection +eluding the vigilance of conservators of +the slave law, or, if temporarily interfered +with, again commencing and prosecuting +her labors of love with cautious fearlessness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> +and this in the midst of the infirmities +attending a feeble constitution.</p> + +<p>In 1851, Mary was married to Thomas +Peake, formerly a slave, but afterward a +free man, light colored, intelligent, pious, +and in every respect a congenial companion, +with whom she lived happily till +her decease.</p> + +<p>The bereaved husband bears affectionate +testimony to the strong mind and sound +judgment which dwelt in that feeble frame. +He loves to speak of his indebtedness to +her richly stored mind for much of his +knowledge of the Bible. At his request, +she would sit for hours and relate Bible +history. Others of our leading brethren +also gratefully acknowledge that they have +drawn largely from the same storehouse of +biblical and varied knowledge.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p> + +<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2> + +<div class="content"><p>Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.—Flight +of the Rebels from Hampton.—Burning of the +Town.—The Place reoccupied by Freedmen.</p></div> + + +<p>About the first of September, 1861, the +writer commenced the mission at Fortress +Monroe, under the auspices of the American +Missionary Association, and was quartered +in a building called the <i>Seminary</i>. +Three months before this, the Union troops +entered Hampton from Old Point. The +exciting scenes connected with this event +have been narrated to me by eye-witnesses. +Among these troops were Duryea's Zouaves, +called by the people "red men," +from the color of their dress.</p> + +<p>The utmost consternation seized the +inhabitants of Hampton, when they found +the Union troops were approaching. Many<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> +of the colored people even were in a state +of suspense. All kinds of stories had been +told in regard to what the Yankees would +do with them. Yet hope predominated +over fear. They could hardly believe that +the Yankees meant them any harm. But +unmitigated fear filled the breasts of the +secessionists. There had been loud boasts +of what they would do; but when the red +trowsers approached, their bravery all ran +down into their nimble feet. The battery +of several large guns which they had +planted, and which might have done great +mischief to the Union troops, had they +been bravely manned, was drawn off. In +their confusion, the bridge was first fired, +and then the fire extinguished. Men, +women, and children ran screaming in +every direction, crying, "They come! they +come! What shall we do?"</p> + +<p>Here is a man within doors, gun in +hand, pacing the floor in consternation,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +ever and anon rushing to the window, +and casting a frightened glance in the +direction of the road from the fort, till he +espies the Turk-like looking forms, moving +"double quick," when he darts from the +house, screaming, "They are coming! they +are coming!" Off he flies, with the fleetness +of fear, and in a few moments is seen +no more.</p> + +<p>But in one house there are <i>two</i> individuals, +fearless and calm: Mrs. Peake +and her little daughter Daisy sit alike unalarmed; +the one in child-like faith, the +other in child-like simplicity. Mrs. Walker, +Mrs. Peake's mother, is in a neighbor's +house. Some time previous, the lady of +the house, an intimate friend, having great +confidence in sister Walker's prayers, said +to her, "Sally, you must pray harder."</p> + +<p>"Oh," said she, "I do pray as hard as +I can."</p> + +<p>"How do you pray, Sally?"</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +"I pray that the Lord's will may be +done."</p> + +<p>"You don't pray right, Sally," said one +of them; "you must pray for Jeff. Davis."</p> + +<p>"Oh," said she, "I pray as well as I +can, and as hard as I can. I am praying +all the time."</p> + +<p>"That's right," said the other; "pray +on, Sally—your prayer will surely be +heard. You can't pray any better prayer +than you do. Pray that the Lord's will +may be done: I am sure it is the Lord's +will that the Yankees should not come +here to disturb us; and I have faith to +believe they will not. Pray on, Sally; +pray as hard as you can."</p> + +<p>"I will, ma'am."</p> + +<p>Time passed on; and now, on that fearful +morning, just after the sun has peeped +above the horizon, lo, the Yankees! The +strong faith above expressed fails the possessor; +and she, who would scarcely have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +set foot on the ground for very delicacy, +and who would not have been seen riding +out, unless in a fine carriage, drawn by +fine horses, elegantly harnessed, is now +heard calling for any old horse or mule, +and any rickety wagon or cart, with rope +harness—any thing—any thing to take +her out of the reach of the Yankees! +Masters and mistresses are now turned +fugitives.</p> + +<p>Here is one of many interviews between +masters and slaves.</p> + +<p>"What's the matter, master?"</p> + +<p>"Oh, the Yankees are coming!"</p> + +<p>"Are they? are they? What shall I +do, master?" with affected tokens of +fear.</p> + +<p>"Get out of the town as soon as you +can."</p> + +<p>"Oh, master, I'm afraid to leave the +house. Oh, those Yankees! Do you think +they will hurt me?"</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> +"Yes, they'll take you and sell you off +to Cuba. Perhaps they'll kill you."</p> + +<p>"Will they, master?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, I tell you; why don't you leave +the town, you rascal?"</p> + +<p>"Oh, master, I don't know what to do. +You an't a-going to leave us for the +Yankees to catch; are you?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, I'm off, and you better be off +with yourself—if you don't I'll shoot +you."</p> + +<p>"Oh, master, don't shoot me—don't +leave me!"</p> + +<p>"There they come!"</p> + +<p>"Where, master, where? where?"</p> + +<p>"I can't stop—good by—you better +be off!"</p> + +<p>But Tony laughs in his sleeve, and says, +with upturned eyes, "I'm not afraid of +the Yankees! Bless God, old master's +gone—hope he'll never come back any +more!"</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> +The Zouaves, on "double quick," approach +nearer, and up rides one of the +secessionists, in hot haste.</p> + +<p>"What's the matter, master? What's +the matter?" inquires an intelligent negro.</p> + +<p>"Oh, matter enough, you villain. You +brought all this trouble on us. I am disappointed +in you; I thought you would +stick by us; but you desert your best +friends in extremity. You won't find +those Yankees what you expect."</p> + +<p>"Oh, master, won't you stay and protect +us?"</p> + +<p>"No; good by, you villain. I'm out +of town, and so you had better be, very +quick." And on he flies.</p> + +<p>The Zouaves are now crossing the bridge,—now +they enter the town,—and as they +pass through street after street, with hats +off, they bow politely to the colored people, +who cheer them from doors and windows.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> +Now every fear is dissipated. Colored +knees are bent, and colored lips praise the +Lord. The hope that had all along predominated +over fear is more than met, +and the town is full of gladness. The +tidings spread, and the place is soon +thronged with colored people from the +country around.</p> + +<p>But how different with the white inhabitants! +Go with me to the Sinclair estate—a +mile or two north of the town. One +of the officers rides up to the house, and +says,—</p> + +<p>"Do you own this place?"</p> + +<p>"Yes."</p> + +<p>"Well, deliver up all your horses."</p> + +<p>Sam Simpson, the colored foreman, says, +"Boys, bring up the horses."</p> + +<p>"Oh, sir, spare an old man!"</p> + +<p>"Hurry out those horses!"</p> + +<p>"Oh, Sam, stand by me! Oh, dear, I +shall die! Don't leave me! Don't leave +me!"</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +Poor old man! His ill-gotten riches are +taking wings; the day of retribution has +come upon him, and, in spite of a sense +of its justice, we can not withhold our +pity.</p> + +<p>The colored people were soon set to +work in constructing the battery in Hampton, +under the superintendence of Mr. +Pierce, of the Massachusetts regiment, +since then superintendent of the Port +Royal cotton culture. They worked with +a will, so that he was obliged to suspend +labor during the heat of the day, lest they +should over-exert themselves. After a +month had elapsed, the battle of Big +Bethel was fought, and <i>not</i> won; and +soon after, the disastrous defeat and flight +of Bull Run occurred.</p> + +<p>To reënforce the army of the Potomac +a large part of the troops at Fortress +Monroe were ordered away. General Butler, +concluding that he had not sufficient<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> +force to hold Hampton, ordered it to be +evacuated. He gave a week's notice to +the colored people to leave, and find refuge +on the other side of the bridge. But +many of them delayed too long, and were +able to move but a part of their goods; +in consequence of which they suffered +serious loss.</p> + +<p>Among these was Mr. Peake. He lost +a large part of his furniture, as well as +his two houses. The order of the rebel +General Magruder to fire the place was +a gross exhibition of vandalism, without +the justifiable plea of military necessity. +The incendiary work began on the west +side of the village, and spread toward the +wharves. Hemmed in by the conflagration +on one side, and our firing on the +opposite shore, many of the executers of +the order fell dead or wounded, and were +consumed by the voracious flames. Those +who witnessed it said it was an appalling +sight.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> +The evacuation took place on the 7th +and the conflagration on the 8th of August. +I arrived about a month afterward, +and on visiting Hampton, in company with +the provost marshal, Captain Burleigh, I +found only about half a dozen houses that +had escaped. One large house had had +its floor fired, but the fire had mysteriously +gone out, without doing much damage. +A large new building, a little out of town, +was also standing uninjured. But the +most of the village was a charred ruin; +the unsightly chimneys, and a few more +or less dilapidated walls, surviving to tell +the story of what had been.</p> + +<p>Thus the place remained in abandoned +isolation during the winter. But with the +beginning of spring, the progress of our +arms opened Hampton to reoccupation. +It was thought proper that those who, +during the winter, had been confined in +large houses, overcrowded, should at once<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> +build up the ruins, and provide themselves +homes. To this end, application was +made for an appropriation of government +lumber for past services. Some lumber +was received in this way, and the evacuation +of the camps by the soldiers, who +had winter quarters here, furnished still +more.</p> + +<p>Quite a large number of neat cottages +have already been built. I encouraged +the people to build these small tenements +on lots belonging to the most decided +rebels, hoping that, if not claimed by +former owners, these homesteads would be +given to the occupants by government. +Thus Hampton is becoming quite a thriving, +free settlement, supported by fishing, +oystering, huckstering, artisanship, gardening, +and farming. Colored people have +settled on farms vacated by owners, and +will do well in keeping dairies, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> +cultivating the land, and gathering its fruit, +if not molested.</p> + +<p>The old court-house walls, that survived +the fire, have been inclosed for a +church and school house. The work was +done by colored mechanics. It seems fit +that this place, where injustice has been +sanctioned by law, should be converted +into a sanctuary of justice, righteousness, +and free education.</p> + +<p>We consider that we are here trying +the very highest experiment with ex-slaves. +They are here emphatically "turned loose," +and are shifting for themselves,—doing +their own head-work and hand-work. It +is not to be expected that on the "sacred +soil of Virginia" this experiment should +be carried out without encountering difficulties; +but we feel it to be a thing of +blessed interest to follow as Providence +leads, and do the work of faith and love,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> +leaving the result with him. There is +inspiration in the reflection that we are +doing a representative work, and whatever +the issue, the work will not be burned up, +nor the workers permitted to suffer essential +loss. We know that our labor is not +in vain in the Lord.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p> + +<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2> + +<div class="content"><p>Opening of Religious Services and Schools.—Mrs. Peake a +Teacher.—Singing in the Schools.—Christmas Festival.</p></div> + + +<p>The religious and educational part of +the mission has been one of blessedness +and promise. And in this, as in everything +else, I have aimed to teach self-development. +In connection with the gathering of the +people in religious meetings, +I proposed to commence Sabbath and +week-day schools, with such teachers as I +had at hand. Meanwhile, some of the children +of the vicinity, getting perhaps some +hint of my intention, or prompted by an +impulse from on high, called on Mrs. Peake, +and requested her to teach them, as she +had taught the children in Hampton.</p> + +<p>It was with much gratification that I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> +learned this request. I soon found from +observation, as well as information, that we +had in her a teacher of the choicest spirit, +and of peculiar qualifications. She was +happy in having pupils as ready to learn +as to request instruction. Her school +numbered at first only about half a dozen, +but in a few days she had between fifty +and sixty. These scholars were found to +have generally very fair intellectual capabilities, +and a few evinced quite rare talents. +Among these was her own little +daughter, five years old, named Hattie, but +familiarly called by the pet name of Daisy. +She learned to read simple lessons fluently +in a very short time. Others also exhibited +a precocity which from day to day rewarded +and stimulated the ardor of this +devoted teacher.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Peake was not satisfied with the +ordinary routine of the week-day school +room, but felt that the teacher of a mission<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> +school should aim to educate the children +for eternity as well as for time. She found +great assistance in the primer, catechism, +and other elementary religious books, with +which she had been furnished. She felt +that the teachings of the week-day school +ought to be largely preparatory to the rehearsals +of the Sabbath school. What an +impression for good would be made upon +the rising generation, were this course universally +pursued!</p> + +<p>Mrs. Peake deeply realized that every +undertaking, and especially that of training +the young, should be begun and continued +with prayer. She not only prayed +with her pupils, but taught them to pray. +Having a rich store of scriptural knowledge, +and feeling its worth, and the importance +of simplifying it to the young, in +order to awaken their interest, she bestowed +special attention on catechetical +instruction. Not satisfied with having<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> +Scripture truths committed to memory, +she explained and inculcated them, with +line upon line and precept upon precept, +drawn from her own knowledge and experience. +I can not think that this spiritual +instruction interfered in the least with the +other, but rather was a handmaid to it, +furnishing a pleasant as well as profitable +variety, awakening and developing heart +and mind at once.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Peake also considered singing an +important part of a right education. +Among the favorite hymns first learned +and sung in her school were, "I want to +be an angel," "There is a happy land," +"Around the throne of God in heaven," +"Here we meet to part again," "In heaven +we part no more," and others of kindred +spirit, so familiar in the Sabbath schools at +the North. How ardent was her desire to +win the young intellect and affections for +Jesus and heaven! With strict appropriateness<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> +may we apply to her the poet's +language,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"And as a bird each fond endearment tries,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She tried each art, reproved each dull delay,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way."<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>While Mrs. Peake attached prime importance +to the training of the rising generation, +she felt that great improvement might +be made among the adults. This view +inspired her action from the first in Hampton, +and with a blessed result, that is now +apparent to all. She was accordingly very +ready to gratify the desire of a number of +adults for an evening school, notwithstanding +her increasing infirmities. The result +is, that several, who scarcely knew the alphabet +before, now begin to read with considerable +readiness.</p> + +<p>In these multiplied labors, she exhibited +a martyr spirit, of the true type. Often +when she was confined to her bed, her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> +pupils would be found around her, drawing +knowledge as it were from her very +life. Again and again did Dr. Browne, +brigade surgeon, who concerned himself +for her like a brother, advise her to consider +her weakness, and intermit her exhausting +duties. The scene of these labors +was the Brown Cottage, near the seminary, +fronting on Hampton Roads. The school +room was the front room, first story. Her +own family apartment was the front room, +second story. It will ever be a place about +which precious memories will linger.</p> + +<p>It was proposed that, on Christmas day, +the children of the school should have a +festival. All the week previous, they were +busy, with their teacher, in preparations +and rehearsals. A large room on the first +floor of the seminary was decorated with +evergreens for the occasion, and at one end +a platform was constructed. At an early +hour in the evening, the room was crowded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> +with colored children and adults, and soldiers +and officers. The programme opened +with the singing of "My country, 'tis of +thee." Chaplain Fuller read the account +of the nativity of Christ. Dr. Linson +prayed. Then the children discoursed +very sweet music in solo, semi-chorus, and +chorus, and at intervals spoke pieces in a +very commendable manner, considering +that it was probably the first attempt of +colored children in the South.</p> + +<p>Little Daisy, (Mrs. Peake's only child,) +about five years old, was the acknowledged +star of the evening. She sang very prettily +in solo, and also in connection with the +chorus. She sang alone the whole of the +hymn, "I want to be an angel."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 419px;"> +<img src="images/mptct_03.jpg" width="419" height="540" +alt="Portrait of Mary's daughter, Daisy" +title="Little Daisy" /> +</div> + +<p>I spoke of the contrast between the present +and the past. A year ago, <i>white</i> children +in Hampton could enjoy a scene of +this kind, but <i>colored</i> children were excluded. +But now times have changed. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>The white man's child is away, and the +colored man's child is on the stage, and +swells the choral song. And this is but a +miniature picture of what will be. The +present is prophetic of the future. The +few hundred children about Fortress Monroe, +now gathered into schools, after the +pattern of this first school, are types of one +million of children throughout the sunny +South, on whom the sunlight of knowledge +is yet to shine.</p> + +<p>After the concert exercises, the members +of the school and others repaired to the +Brown Cottage. Here we were conducted +into the school room, which, like the concert +room, was tastefully decorated with +evergreens; and we filed around a long +table laden with refreshments, and surrounded +with Christmas trees, loaded with +good things, all gotten up spontaneously +by, and at the expense of, the colored +people in the neighborhood. The viands<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> +were partaken of with a relish, and by +unanimous consent it was declared a merry +Christmas of the right type; the children +sang, "Merry Christmas to all! Merry +Christmas! Merry Christmas to all!"</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p> + +<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2> + +<div class="content"><p>Failing of Health.—Religious Joy.—Farewell +Messages.—Death.—Funeral.—Conclusion.</p></div> + + +<p>After the exciting scenes of the Christmas +festival, Mrs. Peake's health sensibly +declined, and in a week or two she was +obliged to suspend, and soon to give up +entirely, the charge to which she had +clung with such tenacity. I visited her +frequently, and was the bearer of clothing +and other tokens from friends at the North. +Every thing in our power was done to +cheer her, and never were ministerings +more cordially bestowed, or more gratefully +received and richly repaid. To visit +her had always been a privilege, but the +privilege was doubly precious during her +last illness. To see how a frail woman,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> +with an exquisitely nervous temperament, +could deliberately and calmly bid farewell +to family, pupils, and friends, and yield +herself into her Father's hands, to pass +through the ordeal of sickness and death, +was a privilege and a blessing.</p> + +<p>In her presence I was a learner, and, +under the inspiration of her words and +example, obtained new strength for fresh +endeavors in the cause of God and humanity. +In one of my visits, she told me that +I must give her love to the committee in +New York, and all the friends of the mission; +that she had had a bright vision of +her Saviour, and he had assured her that +the cause would triumph; that we were +sowing seed which would spring up and +become a tree, to overspread the whole +earth; that we should be a great blessing +to this down-trodden people, and they +would fulfill a glorious destiny. "Oh, +yes," said she, "brother Lockwood, you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> +will succeed, for Jesus has told me so this +morning."</p> + +<p>For two weeks previous to her death, she +seemed to be in the "land of Beulah," on +the "mountains of the shepherds," where, +like Bunyan's pilgrim, she could clearly +descry the promised land. She had a +strong desire to depart and be with Christ, +which was far better than even his most +intimate earthly visits. Again and again, +as I called to see her, she assured me that +she had had a fresh visit from her Saviour, +and he had told her that where he was she +should be, and she would be like him when +she should see him as he is. She knew +not where in the universe heaven might +be, but where her Saviour was, there would +be her heaven, for she would be with +him.</p> + +<p>Her constantly increasing cough and +expectoration, though not attended with +much pain, were, as usual, accompanied<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> +with uneasiness, want of sleep, and great +weakness, which made her frequently request +prayer that she might have patience +to bear all without a murmur, and await +her Father's will. She wanted to say, with +the feelings of Job, "All the days of my +appointed time will I wait, till my change +come. I know that my Redeemer liveth."</p> + +<p>At one time, her symptoms seemed more +favorable, and I expressed a hope of her +recovery. "No," said she; "I have taken +leave of my family, and of every thing on +earth, and I would rather go, if it be God's +will; only I want to wait patiently till he +comes to call me." Her husband and +mother told me that, during the previous +night, she had bidden them all farewell, +and left farewell messages for her school, +and the church, and all her friends. She +had thus set her house in order, to die, or, +rather, to live a diviner life, and she was +waiting the summons home. She said that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> +she felt like a little child in her Father's +arms; and if, by lifting a pebble, she could +hold back her spirit, she would not do it.</p> + +<p>Several days before her death, she requested +me to sing "The Christian's Home +in Glory," or "Rest for the Weary"—a +hymn, with its tune, dear to her for itself and +for its associations. As I repeated the chorus, +she exclaimed, again and again, with +great tenderness and emphasis, "Rest, rest, +rest! Oh, brother Lockwood, there I shall +rest, rest, rest! This weary head shall +rest on my Saviour's bosom."</p> + +<p>When I had sung the last stanza,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Sing, oh, sing, ye heirs of glory,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Shout your triumph as you go,"—<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>she burst out in an ecstasy that seemed as +if the spirit would break away from the +body, "Oh, brother, I shall sing! I shall +shout! Won't we sing? Won't we shout? +Yes, we shall—we shall sing and shout!"</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> +On Saturday morning, February 22, she +was in a very happy frame of mind, and +said that she had had precious visits from +her Saviour; he had told her that he was +coming soon, and would fulfill her heart's +desire in taking her to him. Her mother +said, that during the previous night she +had been constantly reaching up, and +sometimes she would cry out, with great +earnestness, "Do not leave me, dear Jesus."</p> + +<p>She requested me to sing for her, and I +sung, "The Shining Shore," and "Homeward +Bound." During the singing of the +last stanza of the latter song, she was filled +with joy.</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Into the harbor of heaven now we glide,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">We're home at last!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Softly we drift o'er its bright silver tide,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">We're home at last!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Glory to God! All our dangers are o'er;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We stand secure on the glorified shore;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Glory to God! we will shout evermore,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">We're home at last!"<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> +"Yes," she exclaimed, "home at last! +Glory to God! Home at last! Oh, I +shall soon be home—home—home at +last!"</p> + +<p>On the night of that day, about twelve +o'clock, her waiting, longing spirit went +home. Washington's birthday was her +birthday to a higher life. After many a +sleepless night, this last evening she was +permitted to rest quietly, till the midnight +cry struck upon her ear, "Behold, the +bridegroom cometh!" It found her ready, +with her lamp trimmed and burning. +Calling for her mother, she threw herself +into her embrace, as her spirit did into the +embrace of her Saviour.</p> + +<p>Just at midnight, on all the ships in +Hampton Roads,—and which are so near +us that the cry on shipboard is distinctly +heard on shore,—the watchman cried +aloud, as usual, "Twelve o'clock, and all's +well!" The sound penetrated the sick<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> +chamber, and the dying invalid apparently +heard it. She smiled sweetly, and then +breathed her last sigh, and entered upon +that rest which remains for the people +of God.</p> + +<p>The next morning, which was the Sabbath, +I called, and found her husband and +mother bearing up under their bereavement +with Christian fortitude. They +could smile through their tears; though +they wept, it was not as those who have no +hope. In the services of the day, the bereaved +were remembered in fervent, sympathizing +prayer. We all felt sorely afflicted, +and would have grieved, but for the +thought that our temporary loss was her +eternal gain. In the evening, a prayer +meeting was held till midnight in the room +where her body lay; but all felt like saying, +She is not here; her spirit is with +her Father and our Father, her God and +our God.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> +On Monday, at eleven o'clock, a large +concourse assembled at her funeral. We +met in her school room, at the Brown Cottage, +a place sweetened and hallowed by +associations with her crowning labors, and +thus a fit place for these leave-taking services. +The occasion was one of mingled +sorrow and joy. The services were begun +by singing, according to her request, the +familiar hymn,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"I would not live alway,"—<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>to the tune of "Sweet Home," in which +it is generally sung by the people here, +with the chorus,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Home! Home! Sweet, sweet home!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There's no place like heaven, there's no place like home!"<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>The impression was very thrilling. +Chaplain Fuller, of the sixteenth Massachusetts +regiment, offered prayer—praying +fervently for the bereaved mother and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> +husband, and for little Daisy, who would +one day realize more than now a mother's +worth by her loss. We then sung, according +to her request, her favorite hymn, +"The Christian's Home in Glory," or +"Rest for the Weary." I selected for my +text Hebrews 4:9—"There remaineth +therefore a rest to the people of God." At +the conclusion of the sermon the children +sang,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Here we suffer grief and pain;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Here we meet to part again;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In heaven we part no more.<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Joyful, joyful, joyful,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When we meet to part no more.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"<i>Little children</i> will be there,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who have sought the Lord by prayer,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">From every Sabbath school.<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful, &c.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"<i>Teachers</i>, too, shall meet above,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And our <i>pastors</i>, whom we love,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Shall meet to part no more.<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Oh, that will be joyful," &c.<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> +The coffin was then opened, and we +took the last, lingering look at a face +whose heavenly lineaments I can never +forget.</p> + +<p>In long procession, in which her recent +charge bore a prominent part, we accompanied +her to her resting place. The place +of her sepulture is about a hundred yards +north of the seminary, on the bank of +the inlet. A live-oak tree stands at her +head, projecting its emblematic evergreen +foliage over the sod-roofed tenement.</p> + +<p>The departed selected, as a remembrance +of her immortality, the 17th verse of the +118th Psalm, "I shall not die, but live." +The thirty-nine years of her earthly existence +were but the prelude to a life beyond +the sky; and while her spirit survives the +ravages of death, her name shall live in +memory.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>In this unpretending memoir may its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> +subject live again, and not in vain. May +teachers gather from her example fresh +inspiration, and the benevolent Christian +fresh impulses in doing good. May they +who enjoy advantages superior to those +of her proscribed race, take heed lest the +latter, by the better improvement of the +little light enjoyed, rise up in the judgment +and condemn them.</p> + +<p>Let Sabbath scholars, and children of +pious parentage and Christian education, +who from earliest years have not only +been taught to lisp the Saviour's name, +but to read it, pity the slave child, shut +out from such advantages, and give heed +to instruction, lest, having more given and +unimproved, they be beaten with many +stripes. Let all who have an interest at +the throne of grace remember little Daisy, +and pray that she may walk in her mother's +footsteps, as far as she followed Christ, +only following more closely, attaining still<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> +greater excellence, achieving still greater +usefulness, and winning a still brighter +crown of glory.</p> + +<p>As the enlarging harvest field whitens +into ripeness, may the Lord of the harvest +send forth an increasing number of laborers. +Oh, who will give ear to the echoing +cry, "Come over and help us"? Come to +the harvest work, and you too, with arms +full of golden sheaves, shall shout the +harvest home. Who will pay the hire of +the laborers? Who will lend to the Lord +the capital needful to secure the harvest +in season and well? For such there shall +be untold riches laid up in heaven. And +who will sustain those who bear the burden +and heat of the day, by the buoyancy of +prayer? This is a work thrice blessed to +all concerned.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a></span></p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p> + +<h2>APPENDIX.</h2> + +<h3>MISSION TO THE FREEDMEN.</h3> + + +<p>On the 8th of August, 1861, a letter was +addressed to Major-General Butler, then in +command at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by +the treasurer of the American Missionary Association, +respecting the people whom he had +denominated "contrabands." In this letter, +the writer communicated to General Butler +the wishes of some persons in the free states, +that, as considerable embarrassment was felt +by the public authorities with regard to the +increasing numbers of colored persons who +had fled and were fleeing for protection to the +forts and camps of the United States, they +should be sent into the free states to obtain +employment. A prompt and courteous reply +was received, and, in reference to the desire expressed, +General Butler stated that the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> +"contrabands" would be protected; that many of +them would be employed in government service; +that there was land enough to cultivate +in Virginia; and as the freedmen would +never be suffered to return into bondage, +there was no necessity for sending any of +them to the Northern States.</p> + +<p>The executive committee of the association, +feeling highly encouraged by these assurances, +at once determined to commence a mission at +Fortress Monroe. Rev. Lewis C. Lockwood +was commissioned as their first missionary to +the freedmen. He repaired to Washington, +where he received encouragement from the +government, and recommendation to the commanding +general, Wool, who had succeeded +General Butler. General Wool received him +cordially, heartily approved the plan, and afforded +him all needful facilities.</p> + +<p>Mr. Lockwood conferred with the leading +persons among the freedmen, investigated +the condition and wants of the people, made +arrangements for week-day and Sabbath meetings, +organized week-day and evening schools, +employed several of the most intelligent and +gifted colored people as assistants, and through +the committee in New York made urgent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> +appeals for clothing, &c., for the destitute, and +also for additional missionaries and teachers.</p> + +<p>The late lamented Mrs. Mary S. Peake was +the first teacher employed. She continued to +teach as long as her health permitted, and +near to the time of her decease. Other teachers +have been employed; chaplains in the +army and pious soldiers have proffered their +occasional services, and the religious meetings, +Sabbath schools, and week-day schools, have +been well attended. Mr. Lockwood labored +there thirteen months, and then removed to +another field. In his final report, he states +that he had ministered to a congregation at +Hampton, where the average attendance was +four hundred; and to a congregation at Fortress +Monroe, where the average attendance +was about the same.</p> + +<p>A day school was kept in a house, near +Hampton, formerly the residence of Ex-President +Tyler, which was wholly given up for +the use of the freedmen. This school was subsequently +removed to the old Court House at +Hampton, which had been fitted up for the +purpose, government furnishing a portion of +the lumber. This school became the largest +under the care of the freedmen's teachers,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> +and numbered at one time five hundred scholars. +Among the ruins of Hampton, which +had, at an early period of the rebellion, been +burned by the rebels, the colored people erected +rude cottages, the materials being gathered +from the vacated camps, the deserted dwellings +of fugitive slaveholders, &c.</p> + +<p>Such of the freedmen as were not employed +by government have obtained a +living by fishing, oystering, huckstering, +carting, washing, &c.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Interesting Facts.</span></h3> + +<p>Many highly interesting facts have been +communicated with regard to the freedmen—their +natural endowments, their facility in acquiring +knowledge in letters and arms, their +industrial habits, their shrewdness in business +transactions, their gratitude, their courage, +their acquaintance with passing events, their +confidence that the result of the rebellion +will be the liberation of their people, and +their piety. Some of these facts have been +extensively published, and have been read +with high gratification. It is thought that +a few of these facts may add to the value +of this little publication.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 497px;"> +<img src="images/mptct_04.jpg" width="497" height="600" +alt="A group of children sit under a tree, a teacher standing in front +of them. A fort can be seen in the background." +title="A "Contraband" School" /> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p> +<h3><span class="smcap">Schools for the Children.</span></h3> + +<p>A young teacher at Hampton, Virginia, +writes as follows: "When I first commenced +the school here, I found the children such +as slavery makes—quarrelsome, thievish, uncleanly +in their persons and attire, and seemingly +inclined to almost every species of +wickedness; and it appeared to me that they +were too far gone to be ever raised to any +thing like intelligent children at the North. +But I found that I had reckoned without my +host in the persons of these children.</p> + +<p>"At the end of the first week there was a +decided improvement manifested, and in four +weeks you hardly ever saw one hundred and +fifty children more cleanly in their persons +and apparel. Their lessons were, in most +cases, quickly and correctly learned, and their +behavior was kind and affectionate toward +each other, while in singing the sweet little +Sabbath school songs, I should not hesitate +to put them side by side with the best of our +Sabbath-school scholars at the North. And +they so fully appreciate my humble efforts in +their behalf, that my table in the school room +is loaded, morning and noon, with oranges,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> +lemons, apples, figs, candies, and other sweet +things too numerous to mention, all testifying +their love to me, although I can do so little +for them."</p> + +<p>Another teacher, at Beaufort, South Carolina, +writes: "My school numbered about +forty of the children. Most of them were +very dirty and poorly dressed, all very black +in color. A happier group of children I never +expect to witness than those who composed +my school: bright eyes, happy looks, kind and +patient dispositions, made them look attractive +to my eyes, though they were 'horribly black,' +as some have called them, and very dirty at +first. But they were so innocent, so despised +by others, and withal so anxious to learn, that +I felt a true sympathy for them.</p> + +<p>"Their masters have kept them in darkness +and degradation. This is only the result +of slavery.</p> + +<p>"They are very eager to learn. Every one +wishes to be taught first; yet, unlike some +white children, they are patient and willing +to wait. They do not easily tire of study, +but are very diligent in getting their lessons. +I have known them to teach each other, or +sit alone and drill over a lesson for two hours +at a time.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> +"Let me relate to you a little incident that +will illustrate what I have just said. One +day, at Beaufort, soon after we landed, while +walking through the upper portion of the +town, I heard a little voice saying the alphabet, +while another wee voice, scarcely audible, +was repeating it after the first. I looked +quickly around to discover from whence the +voice came; and what do you think I saw? +Why, seated on the piazza of a large empty +house were two of the blackest little negro +children, one about seven, the other not more +than three years old. The elder had his arm +thrown lovingly around the almost naked +form of the other, and with an open primer +in the lap of one, they were at their study. +An hour after, I returned by the same spot, +and was both pleased and surprised to find +them still at it. God bless the little ones!</p> + +<p>"This desire, or rather eagerness, to learn +to read, is manifested by all. I have stopped +by the wayside many a time, and have immediately +collected a group of old and young +about me, and have made them repeat the +alphabet after me slowly, letter by letter. +They esteem it the greatest kindness I can +show them, and as I turn to depart, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> +fervent 'God bless you, massa,' 'Tank de Lord, +massa,' reach my ears."</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Morals of the Freedmen.</span></h3> + +<p>After the mission had been established, one +of the officers' wives remarked to another, "I +do not miss my things nowadays."</p> + +<p>Nearly all the church members had taken +the temperance pledge.</p> + +<p>"They have their vices," writes a northern +physician on one of the plantations on Port +Royal Island; "deception and petty thieving +prevail. They are careless, indolent, and improvident. +They have a miserable habit of +scolding and using authoritative language to +one another. All these vices are clearly the +result of <i>slave education</i>, and will gradually +disappear under improved conditions.... +If one is honest with them, and gets their confidence, +the rest is easily accomplished."</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Marriage.</span></h3> + +<p>A very large portion, probably, at least, +more than half of the "married" freed people, +had been married only in slave fashion, by +"taking up together," or living together by +mutual agreement, without any marriage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> +ceremony. The missionary proposed to such that +they should be married agreeably to the usages +in the free states. The leaders of the colored +people were conversed with, and they, without +exception, agreed as to the propriety of the +measure. One, now advanced in life, said, +that when he proposed to his companion to +go to a minister and be lawfully married, she +replied, "Oh, what use will it be? Master can +separate us to-morrow." But he coincided +fully in the propriety of the proposed course.</p> + +<p>Mr. Lockwood, after preaching on the sanctity +of the marriage relation, proceeded to +unite in wedlock several couples, among +whom were some who had lived together +for years. He gave each of the parties a certificate, +in handsome form, which they seemed +to prize very highly. It appeared to have a +most beneficial effect upon the parties themselves, +and the whole population.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Native Eloquence.</span></h3> + +<p>Not a few of the freedmen, though illiterate, +exhibit remarkable powers of eloquence. +The missionary, in describing the +address of one of them, after a discourse by +the former, says, "The address was a masterpiece.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> +It melted every heart. He appealed +to the soldiers present who were in rebellion +against God, striving to put down rebellion +in this land, and asked them how they, who +had been taught to read the Bible, and had +learned the Lord's Prayer in infancy from a +mother's lips, could stand in judgment, when +a poor, despised, and inferior race, who, +though denied the Bible, had been taught of +God, and found their way to Christ, should +rise up and condemn them. He then turned +to his fellow 'contrabands,' and entreated +them to embrace thankfully, and improve, the +boon already given. He considered the present +a pledge of the future—the virtual emancipation +of fifteen or eighteen hundred the +promise of the emancipation of four millions. +The Lord works from little to great."</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Church Meeting.</span></h3> + +<p>The missionary wrote: "Last Thursday I +had an opportunity to observe the intellectual +state of a considerable number of the brethren +at a church meeting. I was surprised at +their understanding and wisdom in regard to +church order and propriety, and tone of discipline. +As the church records had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> +burned up in the church edifice at Hampton, I +inquired how far any of them could recall +their contents. One or two replied that they +could almost repeat the church regulations +from memory.</p> + +<p>"In the discussion, high ground was taken +in regard to the Sabbath, the temperance +cause, and other matters of Christian morality. +In discipline, stress was laid on the propriety +and duty of private admonition, in its successive +scriptural steps, before public censure. +On this point one brother said he had privately +admonished a neighbor of the impropriety +of taking articles to the camp on the +Sabbath, and he had acknowledged his fault, +and promised amendment. The duty of forgiving +offenders, and undoing wrongs, was +also insisted on. Several had been improperly +excluded from church privileges through the +influence of white power. It was, therefore, +decided to-day that those who had the confidence +of the church should be restored to +church-fellowship unconditionally."</p> + +<p>One of the members, and an aged leader, +stated that he had on one occasion been +seized by a white deacon, dragged down from +the gallery, and threatened with thirty-nine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> +lashes, because there was a little of the Methodist +in his composition, and he had "got +happy and shouted in meeting."</p> + +<p>On another occasion, William Davis concluded +some remarks as follows: "I hope that +all of you, old and young, will learn to read, +as I did. When I was converted, I was +anxious to learn to read God's book. I +kneeled down by my book, [he here kneeled +by the table,] and prayed that God would +teach me to read it—if only a little, I would +be thankful. And I learned, and you can if +you will, for you have no one to hinder you, +as I had. We should all show that we are +worthy of freedom. Only educate us, and +we will show ourselves capable of knowledge. +Some say we have not the same faculties and +feelings with white folks.... All we +want is cultivation. What would the best +soil produce without cultivation? We want +to get wisdom. That is all we need. Let us +get that, and we are made for time and eternity."</p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<div class="bbox"> +<p><b>Transcriber's Note:</b></p> + +<p>All spelling is as it appears in the original text. The frontispiece +illustration has been moved to follow the title page, and the 'Little +Daisy' illustration has been shifted slightly so that it is not in the +middle of a paragraph.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. 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Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mary S. Peake + The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe + +Author: Lewis C. Lockwood + +Release Date: March 4, 2007 [EBook #20744] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. PEAKE *** + + + + +Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sam W. and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + MARY S. PEAKE, + + The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe. + + + BY REV. LEWIS C. LOCKWOOD, +FIRST MISSIONARY TO THE FREEDMEN AT FORTRESS MONROE, 1862. + + + WITH AN APPENDIX. + + + PUBLISHED BY THE + AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY, + 28 CORNHILL, BOSTON. + + +[Illustration: Mary S. Peake] + + + + +CONTENTS. + + +CHAPTER I. PAGE + +Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious +Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with +the Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. 5 + +CHAPTER II. + +Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.--Flight +of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning of the +Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. 16 + +CHAPTER III. + +Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. Peake +a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas Festival. 30 + +CHAPTER IV. + +Failure of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell +Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. 39 + +APPENDIX. 53 + + + + +MARY S. PEAKE. + +CHAPTER I. + + Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious + Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with the + Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. + + +The subject of this narrative was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823. +Her maiden name was Mary Smith Kelsey. Her mother was a free colored +woman, very light, and her father a white man--an Englishman of rank +and culture. She was a very lovely child in person and manners, and as +she grew up, developed traits of character which made her a universal +favorite. + +When she was six years old, her mother sent her to Alexandria, for +the purpose of attending school. She remained there in school about +ten years, residing with her aunt, Mary Paine. Mrs. Paine occupied a +house belonging to Mr. Rollins Fowle, and near his residence. This +gentleman and his family were distinguished for their kindness to +colored people. He frequently bought slaves who were in danger of +being sold into bad hands, gave them their freedom, and set them up in +business. John Paine, Mary's uncle, was one whom he freed in this way. +Mary was a great pet in Mr. Fowle's family, and was treated almost +like a daughter. + +A schoolmate of hers, now residing in Providence, Rhode Island, says +Mary was a very amiable girl, and a good student. They for a time +attended a select colored school taught by a colored woman. Afterward +they attended a colored school taught by white teachers. The last +teacher was Mr. Nuthall, an Englishman. He taught till a law of +Congress enacted that the law of Virginia in relation to free colored +people should prevail in the District of Columbia. This was several +years before Alexandria was retroceded to Virginia. This law closed +all colored schools in the city. Mary was compelled to leave the +school in consequence of being informed of as having come from +Virginia. + +While at school, Mary acquired a good English education, and, in +addition to this, a knowledge of various kinds of needlework, and also +dress-making. Her aunt was a devoted Christian, and no doubt had a +very happy influence on Mary. Her mother also was converted when Mary +was two or three years old. Under these influences she was early the +subject of serious impressions. Though fond of general reading and +study, there was no book she loved so well as the Bible. This was her +companion and text book, and she committed large portions of it to +memory. + +When sixteen years old, having finished her education, she returned to +her mother, at Norfolk. Soon afterward, those religious elements which +had existed from early childhood--grown with her growth and +strengthened with her strength--became dominant by the grace of God, +and asserted their power over her. + +Near her residence was a garden, connected with a large old mansion, +between Fenchurch and Church Streets. In this garden was a dilapidated +family tomb. It was impressed on her mind that she must go into this +tomb to pray. At the dead hour of night she sought this gloomy abode +of moldering coffins and scattered bones. As she entered and knelt in +the death cell, she trembled with a fear which her prayers could not +dissipate. Quickly and stealthily she retraced her steps, and hurried +back to her home. Yet the next night, this girl of sixteen had the +courage to seek the dismal place again, and the next night yet again, +with similar results. But at length light broke upon the darkness of +the tomb, and it became a place of delightful communion with her Lord; +whence it was afterward called "Mary's parlor." At the midnight hour, +she left the tomb, and broke the silence of the night with a jubilant +song, fearless of the patrol. The song was this strain of Watts, in +which many a saint has poured forth his soul:-- + + "Stand up, my soul, shake off thy fears, + And gird the gospel armor on; + March to the gates of endless joy, + Where Jesus, thy great Captain, 's gone. + + "Hell and thy sins resist thy course, + But hell and sin are vanquished foes; + Thy Jesus nailed them to the cross, + And sung the triumph when he rose. + + "Then let my soul march boldly on, + Press forward to the heavenly gate; + There peace and joy eternal reign, + And glittering robes for conquerors wait. + + "There shall I wear a starry crown, + And triumph in almighty grace; + While all the armies of the skies + Join in my glorious Leader's praise." + +This strain fell on the waking ears of ladies in the house adjacent to +the tomb, and they inquired, "What sweet music is that? Who is +serenading at this hour?" Little did they know the spirit-promptings +of that song. + +Soon after this, Mary went to visit some friends in Hampton. As she +entered the yard, and approached the house, she sang another +expressive hymn of Watts:-- + + "Firm as the earth thy gospel stands, + My Lord, my Hope, my Trust; + If I am found in Jesus' hands, + My soul can ne'er be lost. + + "His honor is engaged to save + The meanest of his sheep; + All whom his heavenly Father gave + His hands securely keep. + + "Nor death nor hell shall e'er remove + His favorites from his breast; + Safe on the bosom of his love + Shall they for ever rest." + +Her friends opened the door at the sound of the tender music, and as +they looked on her face, and listened to her song, they were overcome, +and could not restrain their emotions. + +Soon afterward, she united with the First Baptist Church in Norfolk, +on Bute Street. The pastor was Rev. James A. Mitchell, who served the +church from the time of Nat Turner's insurrection till his death, +about 1852. He was emphatically a good man, and a father to the +colored people--a very Barnabas, "son of consolation" indeed. A +considerable portion of his church were colored people, and he would +visit them at their houses, take meals with them, and enter into their +affairs, temporal and spiritual, with a true and zealous heart. He +never loved slavery; his private opinion was against it, but he was +obliged to be cautious in the expression of his sentiments. He endured +great trials for this proscribed class, and was almost a martyr in +their behalf, his pastorate having begun just after Nat Turner's +insurrection, which caused great persecution and restriction of +privileges. But the Lord was with him, and made him to triumph. + +Mary's mother says that she delighted to visit the poor in Norfolk, +and especially the aged. A very old man, in the suburbs, often came to +her door, and never went empty away; and frequently at evening she +would go and carry him warm tea, and in the winter she brought him +wood in small armfuls. When he died, he said he wanted Mary to have +all that belonged to him. Though he was scarcely worth three cents, it +was a rich heart gift. + +Her Christian course was marked with usefulness. Self-denying devotion +to the glory of God and the good of others characterized her earlier, +as her later career. A deacon of the church on whom the writer called +when recently in Norfolk, says she had a strong desire for the +conversion of souls, and was often found exhorting them to repentance. +Other members of the church bore the highest testimony to her uniform +Christian deportment. + +In 1847, Mary's mother was married to Thompson Walker, and bought a +house in Hampton, where they resided until the town was burned by the +rebels in 1861. Though sustaining herself by her needle, Mary found +time for many labors of love. Among other things, she originated a +benevolent society, called the "Daughters of Zion," designed for +ministration to the poor and the sick. It is still in existence. + +Her house, like that of Mary and Martha of old, was a place of +spiritual resort. There the pastor, deacons, and other leading members +of the church found congenial society. She early began the exercise of +her gifts as a teacher. At that time, fifteen years ago, she had among +her pupils Thompson Walker, her stepfather, William Thornton, and +William Davis, all now able and eloquent exhorters. She was afterward +of great service to others, who are now efficient exhorters and +members of the church. Up to the time of the burning of Hampton, she +was engaged in instructing children and adults, through her shrewdness +and the divine protection eluding the vigilance of conservators of the +slave law, or, if temporarily interfered with, again commencing and +prosecuting her labors of love with cautious fearlessness, and this +in the midst of the infirmities attending a feeble constitution. + +In 1851, Mary was married to Thomas Peake, formerly a slave, but +afterward a free man, light colored, intelligent, pious, and in every +respect a congenial companion, with whom she lived happily till her +decease. + +The bereaved husband bears affectionate testimony to the strong mind +and sound judgment which dwelt in that feeble frame. He loves to speak +of his indebtedness to her richly stored mind for much of his +knowledge of the Bible. At his request, she would sit for hours and +relate Bible history. Others of our leading brethren also gratefully +acknowledge that they have drawn largely from the same storehouse of +biblical and varied knowledge. + + + + +CHAPTER II. + + Commencement of the Mission at Fortress + Monroe.--Flight of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning + of the Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. + + +About the first of September, 1861, the writer commenced the mission +at Fortress Monroe, under the auspices of the American Missionary +Association, and was quartered in a building called the _Seminary_. +Three months before this, the Union troops entered Hampton from Old +Point. The exciting scenes connected with this event have been +narrated to me by eye-witnesses. Among these troops were Duryea's +Zouaves, called by the people "red men," from the color of their +dress. + +The utmost consternation seized the inhabitants of Hampton, when they +found the Union troops were approaching. Many of the colored people +even were in a state of suspense. All kinds of stories had been told +in regard to what the Yankees would do with them. Yet hope +predominated over fear. They could hardly believe that the Yankees +meant them any harm. But unmitigated fear filled the breasts of the +secessionists. There had been loud boasts of what they would do; but +when the red trowsers approached, their bravery all ran down into +their nimble feet. The battery of several large guns which they had +planted, and which might have done great mischief to the Union troops, +had they been bravely manned, was drawn off. In their confusion, the +bridge was first fired, and then the fire extinguished. Men, women, +and children ran screaming in every direction, crying, "They come! +they come! What shall we do?" + +Here is a man within doors, gun in hand, pacing the floor in +consternation, ever and anon rushing to the window, and casting a +frightened glance in the direction of the road from the fort, till he +espies the Turk-like looking forms, moving "double quick," when he +darts from the house, screaming, "They are coming! they are coming!" +Off he flies, with the fleetness of fear, and in a few moments is seen +no more. + +But in one house there are _two_ individuals, fearless and calm: Mrs. +Peake and her little daughter Daisy sit alike unalarmed; the one in +child-like faith, the other in child-like simplicity. Mrs. Walker, +Mrs. Peake's mother, is in a neighbor's house. Some time previous, the +lady of the house, an intimate friend, having great confidence in +sister Walker's prayers, said to her, "Sally, you must pray harder." + +"Oh," said she, "I do pray as hard as I can." + +"How do you pray, Sally?" + +"I pray that the Lord's will may be done." + +"You don't pray right, Sally," said one of them; "you must pray for +Jeff. Davis." + +"Oh," said she, "I pray as well as I can, and as hard as I can. I am +praying all the time." + +"That's right," said the other; "pray on, Sally--your prayer will +surely be heard. You can't pray any better prayer than you do. Pray +that the Lord's will may be done: I am sure it is the Lord's will that +the Yankees should not come here to disturb us; and I have faith to +believe they will not. Pray on, Sally; pray as hard as you can." + +"I will, ma'am." + +Time passed on; and now, on that fearful morning, just after the sun +has peeped above the horizon, lo, the Yankees! The strong faith above +expressed fails the possessor; and she, who would scarcely have set +foot on the ground for very delicacy, and who would not have been seen +riding out, unless in a fine carriage, drawn by fine horses, elegantly +harnessed, is now heard calling for any old horse or mule, and any +rickety wagon or cart, with rope harness--any thing--any thing to take +her out of the reach of the Yankees! Masters and mistresses are now +turned fugitives. + +Here is one of many interviews between masters and slaves. + +"What's the matter, master?" + +"Oh, the Yankees are coming!" + +"Are they? are they? What shall I do, master?" with affected tokens of +fear. + +"Get out of the town as soon as you can." + +"Oh, master, I'm afraid to leave the house. Oh, those Yankees! Do you +think they will hurt me?" + +"Yes, they'll take you and sell you off to Cuba. Perhaps they'll kill +you." + +"Will they, master?" + +"Yes, I tell you; why don't you leave the town, you rascal?" + +"Oh, master, I don't know what to do. You an't a-going to leave us for +the Yankees to catch; are you?" + +"Yes, I'm off, and you better be off with yourself--if you don't I'll +shoot you." + +"Oh, master, don't shoot me--don't leave me!" + +"There they come!" + +"Where, master, where? where?" + +"I can't stop--good by--you better be off!" + +But Tony laughs in his sleeve, and says, with upturned eyes, "I'm not +afraid of the Yankees! Bless God, old master's gone--hope he'll never +come back any more!" + +The Zouaves, on "double quick," approach nearer, and up rides one of +the secessionists, in hot haste. + +"What's the matter, master? What's the matter?" inquires an +intelligent negro. + +"Oh, matter enough, you villain. You brought all this trouble on us. I +am disappointed in you; I thought you would stick by us; but you +desert your best friends in extremity. You won't find those Yankees +what you expect." + +"Oh, master, won't you stay and protect us?" + +"No; good by, you villain. I'm out of town, and so you had better be, +very quick." And on he flies. + +The Zouaves are now crossing the bridge,--now they enter the +town,--and as they pass through street after street, with hats off, +they bow politely to the colored people, who cheer them from doors and +windows. Now every fear is dissipated. Colored knees are bent, and +colored lips praise the Lord. The hope that had all along predominated +over fear is more than met, and the town is full of gladness. The +tidings spread, and the place is soon thronged with colored people +from the country around. + +But how different with the white inhabitants! Go with me to the +Sinclair estate--a mile or two north of the town. One of the officers +rides up to the house, and says,-- + +"Do you own this place?" + +"Yes." + +"Well, deliver up all your horses." + +Sam Simpson, the colored foreman, says, "Boys, bring up the horses." + +"Oh, sir, spare an old man!" + +"Hurry out those horses!" + +"Oh, Sam, stand by me! Oh, dear, I shall die! Don't leave me! Don't +leave me!" + +Poor old man! His ill-gotten riches are taking wings; the day of +retribution has come upon him, and, in spite of a sense of its +justice, we can not withhold our pity. + +The colored people were soon set to work in constructing the battery +in Hampton, under the superintendence of Mr. Pierce, of the +Massachusetts regiment, since then superintendent of the Port Royal +cotton culture. They worked with a will, so that he was obliged to +suspend labor during the heat of the day, lest they should over-exert +themselves. After a month had elapsed, the battle of Big Bethel was +fought, and _not_ won; and soon after, the disastrous defeat and +flight of Bull Run occurred. + +To reenforce the army of the Potomac a large part of the troops at +Fortress Monroe were ordered away. General Butler, concluding that he +had not sufficient force to hold Hampton, ordered it to be evacuated. +He gave a week's notice to the colored people to leave, and find +refuge on the other side of the bridge. But many of them delayed too +long, and were able to move but a part of their goods; in consequence +of which they suffered serious loss. + +Among these was Mr. Peake. He lost a large part of his furniture, as +well as his two houses. The order of the rebel General Magruder to +fire the place was a gross exhibition of vandalism, without the +justifiable plea of military necessity. The incendiary work began on +the west side of the village, and spread toward the wharves. Hemmed in +by the conflagration on one side, and our firing on the opposite +shore, many of the executers of the order fell dead or wounded, and +were consumed by the voracious flames. Those who witnessed it said it +was an appalling sight. + +The evacuation took place on the 7th and the conflagration on the 8th +of August. I arrived about a month afterward, and on visiting Hampton, +in company with the provost marshal, Captain Burleigh, I found only +about half a dozen houses that had escaped. One large house had had +its floor fired, but the fire had mysteriously gone out, without doing +much damage. A large new building, a little out of town, was also +standing uninjured. But the most of the village was a charred ruin; +the unsightly chimneys, and a few more or less dilapidated walls, +surviving to tell the story of what had been. + +Thus the place remained in abandoned isolation during the winter. But +with the beginning of spring, the progress of our arms opened Hampton +to reoccupation. It was thought proper that those who, during the +winter, had been confined in large houses, overcrowded, should at +once build up the ruins, and provide themselves homes. To this end, +application was made for an appropriation of government lumber for +past services. Some lumber was received in this way, and the +evacuation of the camps by the soldiers, who had winter quarters here, +furnished still more. + +Quite a large number of neat cottages have already been built. I +encouraged the people to build these small tenements on lots belonging +to the most decided rebels, hoping that, if not claimed by former +owners, these homesteads would be given to the occupants by +government. Thus Hampton is becoming quite a thriving, free +settlement, supported by fishing, oystering, huckstering, artisanship, +gardening, and farming. Colored people have settled on farms vacated +by owners, and will do well in keeping dairies, and cultivating the +land, and gathering its fruit, if not molested. + +The old court-house walls, that survived the fire, have been inclosed +for a church and school house. The work was done by colored mechanics. +It seems fit that this place, where injustice has been sanctioned by +law, should be converted into a sanctuary of justice, righteousness, +and free education. + +We consider that we are here trying the very highest experiment with +ex-slaves. They are here emphatically "turned loose," and are shifting +for themselves,--doing their own head-work and hand-work. It is not to +be expected that on the "sacred soil of Virginia" this experiment +should be carried out without encountering difficulties; but we feel +it to be a thing of blessed interest to follow as Providence leads, +and do the work of faith and love, leaving the result with him. There +is inspiration in the reflection that we are doing a representative +work, and whatever the issue, the work will not be burned up, nor the +workers permitted to suffer essential loss. We know that our labor is +not in vain in the Lord. + + + + +CHAPTER III. + + Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. + Peake a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas + Festival. + + +The religious and educational part of the mission has been one of +blessedness and promise. And in this, as in everything else, I have +aimed to teach self-development. In connection with the gathering of +the people in religious meetings, I proposed to commence Sabbath and +week-day schools, with such teachers as I had at hand. Meanwhile, some +of the children of the vicinity, getting perhaps some hint of my +intention, or prompted by an impulse from on high, called on Mrs. +Peake, and requested her to teach them, as she had taught the children +in Hampton. + +It was with much gratification that I learned this request. I soon +found from observation, as well as information, that we had in her a +teacher of the choicest spirit, and of peculiar qualifications. She +was happy in having pupils as ready to learn as to request +instruction. Her school numbered at first only about half a dozen, but +in a few days she had between fifty and sixty. These scholars were +found to have generally very fair intellectual capabilities, and a few +evinced quite rare talents. Among these was her own little daughter, +five years old, named Hattie, but familiarly called by the pet name of +Daisy. She learned to read simple lessons fluently in a very short +time. Others also exhibited a precocity which from day to day rewarded +and stimulated the ardor of this devoted teacher. + +Mrs. Peake was not satisfied with the ordinary routine of the week-day +school room, but felt that the teacher of a mission school should aim +to educate the children for eternity as well as for time. She found +great assistance in the primer, catechism, and other elementary +religious books, with which she had been furnished. She felt that the +teachings of the week-day school ought to be largely preparatory to +the rehearsals of the Sabbath school. What an impression for good +would be made upon the rising generation, were this course universally +pursued! + +Mrs. Peake deeply realized that every undertaking, and especially that +of training the young, should be begun and continued with prayer. She +not only prayed with her pupils, but taught them to pray. Having a +rich store of scriptural knowledge, and feeling its worth, and the +importance of simplifying it to the young, in order to awaken their +interest, she bestowed special attention on catechetical instruction. +Not satisfied with having Scripture truths committed to memory, she +explained and inculcated them, with line upon line and precept upon +precept, drawn from her own knowledge and experience. I can not think +that this spiritual instruction interfered in the least with the +other, but rather was a handmaid to it, furnishing a pleasant as well +as profitable variety, awakening and developing heart and mind at +once. + +Mrs. Peake also considered singing an important part of a right +education. Among the favorite hymns first learned and sung in her +school were, "I want to be an angel," "There is a happy land," "Around +the throne of God in heaven," "Here we meet to part again," "In heaven +we part no more," and others of kindred spirit, so familiar in the +Sabbath schools at the North. How ardent was her desire to win the +young intellect and affections for Jesus and heaven! With strict +appropriateness may we apply to her the poet's language,-- + + "And as a bird each fond endearment tries, + To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies, + She tried each art, reproved each dull delay, + Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way." + +While Mrs. Peake attached prime importance to the training of the +rising generation, she felt that great improvement might be made among +the adults. This view inspired her action from the first in Hampton, +and with a blessed result, that is now apparent to all. She was +accordingly very ready to gratify the desire of a number of adults for +an evening school, notwithstanding her increasing infirmities. The +result is, that several, who scarcely knew the alphabet before, now +begin to read with considerable readiness. + +In these multiplied labors, she exhibited a martyr spirit, of the true +type. Often when she was confined to her bed, her pupils would be +found around her, drawing knowledge as it were from her very life. +Again and again did Dr. Browne, brigade surgeon, who concerned himself +for her like a brother, advise her to consider her weakness, and +intermit her exhausting duties. The scene of these labors was the +Brown Cottage, near the seminary, fronting on Hampton Roads. The +school room was the front room, first story. Her own family apartment +was the front room, second story. It will ever be a place about which +precious memories will linger. + +It was proposed that, on Christmas day, the children of the school +should have a festival. All the week previous, they were busy, with +their teacher, in preparations and rehearsals. A large room on the +first floor of the seminary was decorated with evergreens for the +occasion, and at one end a platform was constructed. At an early hour +in the evening, the room was crowded with colored children and +adults, and soldiers and officers. The programme opened with the +singing of "My country, 'tis of thee." Chaplain Fuller read the +account of the nativity of Christ. Dr. Linson prayed. Then the +children discoursed very sweet music in solo, semi-chorus, and chorus, +and at intervals spoke pieces in a very commendable manner, +considering that it was probably the first attempt of colored children +in the South. + +Little Daisy, (Mrs. Peake's only child,) about five years old, was the +acknowledged star of the evening. She sang very prettily in solo, and +also in connection with the chorus. She sang alone the whole of the +hymn, "I want to be an angel." + +[Illustration: LITTLE DAISY.] + +I spoke of the contrast between the present and the past. A year ago, +_white_ children in Hampton could enjoy a scene of this kind, but +_colored_ children were excluded. But now times have changed. The +white man's child is away, and the colored man's child is on the +stage, and swells the choral song. And this is but a miniature picture +of what will be. The present is prophetic of the future. The few +hundred children about Fortress Monroe, now gathered into schools, +after the pattern of this first school, are types of one million of +children throughout the sunny South, on whom the sunlight of knowledge +is yet to shine. + +After the concert exercises, the members of the school and others +repaired to the Brown Cottage. Here we were conducted into the school +room, which, like the concert room, was tastefully decorated with +evergreens; and we filed around a long table laden with refreshments, +and surrounded with Christmas trees, loaded with good things, all +gotten up spontaneously by, and at the expense of, the colored people +in the neighborhood. The viands were partaken of with a relish, and +by unanimous consent it was declared a merry Christmas of the right +type; the children sang, "Merry Christmas to all! Merry Christmas! +Merry Christmas to all!" + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + + Failing of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell + Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. + + +After the exciting scenes of the Christmas festival, Mrs. Peake's +health sensibly declined, and in a week or two she was obliged to +suspend, and soon to give up entirely, the charge to which she had +clung with such tenacity. I visited her frequently, and was the bearer +of clothing and other tokens from friends at the North. Every thing in +our power was done to cheer her, and never were ministerings more +cordially bestowed, or more gratefully received and richly repaid. To +visit her had always been a privilege, but the privilege was doubly +precious during her last illness. To see how a frail woman, with an +exquisitely nervous temperament, could deliberately and calmly bid +farewell to family, pupils, and friends, and yield herself into her +Father's hands, to pass through the ordeal of sickness and death, was +a privilege and a blessing. + +In her presence I was a learner, and, under the inspiration of her +words and example, obtained new strength for fresh endeavors in the +cause of God and humanity. In one of my visits, she told me that I +must give her love to the committee in New York, and all the friends +of the mission; that she had had a bright vision of her Saviour, and +he had assured her that the cause would triumph; that we were sowing +seed which would spring up and become a tree, to overspread the whole +earth; that we should be a great blessing to this down-trodden people, +and they would fulfill a glorious destiny. "Oh, yes," said she, +"brother Lockwood, you will succeed, for Jesus has told me so this +morning." + +For two weeks previous to her death, she seemed to be in the "land of +Beulah," on the "mountains of the shepherds," where, like Bunyan's +pilgrim, she could clearly descry the promised land. She had a strong +desire to depart and be with Christ, which was far better than even +his most intimate earthly visits. Again and again, as I called to see +her, she assured me that she had had a fresh visit from her Saviour, +and he had told her that where he was she should be, and she would be +like him when she should see him as he is. She knew not where in the +universe heaven might be, but where her Saviour was, there would be +her heaven, for she would be with him. + +Her constantly increasing cough and expectoration, though not attended +with much pain, were, as usual, accompanied with uneasiness, want of +sleep, and great weakness, which made her frequently request prayer +that she might have patience to bear all without a murmur, and await +her Father's will. She wanted to say, with the feelings of Job, "All +the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. I know +that my Redeemer liveth." + +At one time, her symptoms seemed more favorable, and I expressed a +hope of her recovery. "No," said she; "I have taken leave of my +family, and of every thing on earth, and I would rather go, if it be +God's will; only I want to wait patiently till he comes to call me." +Her husband and mother told me that, during the previous night, she +had bidden them all farewell, and left farewell messages for her +school, and the church, and all her friends. She had thus set her +house in order, to die, or, rather, to live a diviner life, and she +was waiting the summons home. She said that she felt like a little +child in her Father's arms; and if, by lifting a pebble, she could +hold back her spirit, she would not do it. + +Several days before her death, she requested me to sing "The +Christian's Home in Glory," or "Rest for the Weary"--a hymn, with its +tune, dear to her for itself and for its associations. As I repeated +the chorus, she exclaimed, again and again, with great tenderness and +emphasis, "Rest, rest, rest! Oh, brother Lockwood, there I shall rest, +rest, rest! This weary head shall rest on my Saviour's bosom." + +When I had sung the last stanza,-- + + "Sing, oh, sing, ye heirs of glory, + Shout your triumph as you go,"-- + +she burst out in an ecstasy that seemed as if the spirit would break +away from the body, "Oh, brother, I shall sing! I shall shout! Won't +we sing? Won't we shout? Yes, we shall--we shall sing and shout!" + +On Saturday morning, February 22, she was in a very happy frame of +mind, and said that she had had precious visits from her Saviour; he +had told her that he was coming soon, and would fulfill her heart's +desire in taking her to him. Her mother said, that during the previous +night she had been constantly reaching up, and sometimes she would cry +out, with great earnestness, "Do not leave me, dear Jesus." + +She requested me to sing for her, and I sung, "The Shining Shore," and +"Homeward Bound." During the singing of the last stanza of the latter +song, she was filled with joy. + + "Into the harbor of heaven now we glide, + We're home at last! + Softly we drift o'er its bright silver tide, + We're home at last! + Glory to God! All our dangers are o'er; + We stand secure on the glorified shore; + Glory to God! we will shout evermore, + We're home at last!" + +"Yes," she exclaimed, "home at last! Glory to God! Home at last! Oh, +I shall soon be home--home--home at last!" + +On the night of that day, about twelve o'clock, her waiting, longing +spirit went home. Washington's birthday was her birthday to a higher +life. After many a sleepless night, this last evening she was +permitted to rest quietly, till the midnight cry struck upon her ear, +"Behold, the bridegroom cometh!" It found her ready, with her lamp +trimmed and burning. Calling for her mother, she threw herself into +her embrace, as her spirit did into the embrace of her Saviour. + +Just at midnight, on all the ships in Hampton Roads,--and which are so +near us that the cry on shipboard is distinctly heard on shore,--the +watchman cried aloud, as usual, "Twelve o'clock, and all's well!" The +sound penetrated the sick chamber, and the dying invalid apparently +heard it. She smiled sweetly, and then breathed her last sigh, and +entered upon that rest which remains for the people of God. + +The next morning, which was the Sabbath, I called, and found her +husband and mother bearing up under their bereavement with Christian +fortitude. They could smile through their tears; though they wept, it +was not as those who have no hope. In the services of the day, the +bereaved were remembered in fervent, sympathizing prayer. We all felt +sorely afflicted, and would have grieved, but for the thought that our +temporary loss was her eternal gain. In the evening, a prayer meeting +was held till midnight in the room where her body lay; but all felt +like saying, She is not here; her spirit is with her Father and our +Father, her God and our God. + +On Monday, at eleven o'clock, a large concourse assembled at her +funeral. We met in her school room, at the Brown Cottage, a place +sweetened and hallowed by associations with her crowning labors, and +thus a fit place for these leave-taking services. The occasion was one +of mingled sorrow and joy. The services were begun by singing, +according to her request, the familiar hymn,-- + + "I would not live alway,"-- + +to the tune of "Sweet Home," in which it is generally sung by the +people here, with the chorus,-- + + "Home! Home! Sweet, sweet home! + There's no place like heaven, there's no place like home!" + +The impression was very thrilling. Chaplain Fuller, of the sixteenth +Massachusetts regiment, offered prayer--praying fervently for the +bereaved mother and husband, and for little Daisy, who would one day +realize more than now a mother's worth by her loss. We then sung, +according to her request, her favorite hymn, "The Christian's Home in +Glory," or "Rest for the Weary." I selected for my text Hebrews +4:9--"There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God." At the +conclusion of the sermon the children sang,-- + + "Here we suffer grief and pain; + Here we meet to part again; + In heaven we part no more. + Oh, that will be joyful, + Joyful, joyful, joyful, + Oh, that will be joyful, + When we meet to part no more. + + "_Little children_ will be there, + Who have sought the Lord by prayer, + From every Sabbath school. + Oh, that will be joyful, &c. + + "_Teachers_, too, shall meet above, + And our _pastors_, whom we love, + Shall meet to part no more. + Oh, that will be joyful," &c. + +The coffin was then opened, and we took the last, lingering look at a +face whose heavenly lineaments I can never forget. + +In long procession, in which her recent charge bore a prominent part, +we accompanied her to her resting place. The place of her sepulture is +about a hundred yards north of the seminary, on the bank of the inlet. +A live-oak tree stands at her head, projecting its emblematic +evergreen foliage over the sod-roofed tenement. + +The departed selected, as a remembrance of her immortality, the 17th +verse of the 118th Psalm, "I shall not die, but live." The thirty-nine +years of her earthly existence were but the prelude to a life beyond +the sky; and while her spirit survives the ravages of death, her name +shall live in memory. + + * * * * * + +In this unpretending memoir may its subject live again, and not in +vain. May teachers gather from her example fresh inspiration, and the +benevolent Christian fresh impulses in doing good. May they who enjoy +advantages superior to those of her proscribed race, take heed lest +the latter, by the better improvement of the little light enjoyed, +rise up in the judgment and condemn them. + +Let Sabbath scholars, and children of pious parentage and Christian +education, who from earliest years have not only been taught to lisp +the Saviour's name, but to read it, pity the slave child, shut out +from such advantages, and give heed to instruction, lest, having more +given and unimproved, they be beaten with many stripes. Let all who +have an interest at the throne of grace remember little Daisy, and +pray that she may walk in her mother's footsteps, as far as she +followed Christ, only following more closely, attaining still greater +excellence, achieving still greater usefulness, and winning a still +brighter crown of glory. + +As the enlarging harvest field whitens into ripeness, may the Lord of +the harvest send forth an increasing number of laborers. Oh, who will +give ear to the echoing cry, "Come over and help us"? Come to the +harvest work, and you too, with arms full of golden sheaves, shall +shout the harvest home. Who will pay the hire of the laborers? Who +will lend to the Lord the capital needful to secure the harvest in +season and well? For such there shall be untold riches laid up in +heaven. And who will sustain those who bear the burden and heat of the +day, by the buoyancy of prayer? This is a work thrice blessed to all +concerned. + + + + +APPENDIX. + +MISSION TO THE FREEDMEN. + + +On the 8th of August, 1861, a letter was addressed to Major-General +Butler, then in command at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by the treasurer +of the American Missionary Association, respecting the people whom he +had denominated "contrabands." In this letter, the writer communicated +to General Butler the wishes of some persons in the free states, that, +as considerable embarrassment was felt by the public authorities with +regard to the increasing numbers of colored persons who had fled and +were fleeing for protection to the forts and camps of the United +States, they should be sent into the free states to obtain employment. +A prompt and courteous reply was received, and, in reference to the +desire expressed, General Butler stated that the "contrabands" would +be protected; that many of them would be employed in government +service; that there was land enough to cultivate in Virginia; and as +the freedmen would never be suffered to return into bondage, there was +no necessity for sending any of them to the Northern States. + +The executive committee of the association, feeling highly encouraged +by these assurances, at once determined to commence a mission at +Fortress Monroe. Rev. Lewis C. Lockwood was commissioned as their +first missionary to the freedmen. He repaired to Washington, where he +received encouragement from the government, and recommendation to the +commanding general, Wool, who had succeeded General Butler. General +Wool received him cordially, heartily approved the plan, and afforded +him all needful facilities. + +Mr. Lockwood conferred with the leading persons among the freedmen, +investigated the condition and wants of the people, made arrangements +for week-day and Sabbath meetings, organized week-day and evening +schools, employed several of the most intelligent and gifted colored +people as assistants, and through the committee in New York made +urgent appeals for clothing, &c., for the destitute, and also for +additional missionaries and teachers. + +The late lamented Mrs. Mary S. Peake was the first teacher employed. +She continued to teach as long as her health permitted, and near to +the time of her decease. Other teachers have been employed; chaplains +in the army and pious soldiers have proffered their occasional +services, and the religious meetings, Sabbath schools, and week-day +schools, have been well attended. Mr. Lockwood labored there thirteen +months, and then removed to another field. In his final report, he +states that he had ministered to a congregation at Hampton, where the +average attendance was four hundred; and to a congregation at Fortress +Monroe, where the average attendance was about the same. + +A day school was kept in a house, near Hampton, formerly the residence +of Ex-President Tyler, which was wholly given up for the use of the +freedmen. This school was subsequently removed to the old Court House +at Hampton, which had been fitted up for the purpose, government +furnishing a portion of the lumber. This school became the largest +under the care of the freedmen's teachers, and numbered at one time +five hundred scholars. Among the ruins of Hampton, which had, at an +early period of the rebellion, been burned by the rebels, the colored +people erected rude cottages, the materials being gathered from the +vacated camps, the deserted dwellings of fugitive slaveholders, &c. + +Such of the freedmen as were not employed by government have obtained +a living by fishing, oystering, huckstering, carting, washing, &c. + + +INTERESTING FACTS. + +Many highly interesting facts have been communicated with regard to +the freedmen--their natural endowments, their facility in acquiring +knowledge in letters and arms, their industrial habits, their +shrewdness in business transactions, their gratitude, their courage, +their acquaintance with passing events, their confidence that the +result of the rebellion will be the liberation of their people, and +their piety. Some of these facts have been extensively published, and +have been read with high gratification. It is thought that a few of +these facts may add to the value of this little publication. + +[Illustration: A "CONTRABAND" SCHOOL.] + + +SCHOOLS FOR THE CHILDREN. + +A young teacher at Hampton, Virginia, writes as follows: "When I first +commenced the school here, I found the children such as slavery +makes--quarrelsome, thievish, uncleanly in their persons and attire, +and seemingly inclined to almost every species of wickedness; and it +appeared to me that they were too far gone to be ever raised to any +thing like intelligent children at the North. But I found that I had +reckoned without my host in the persons of these children. + +"At the end of the first week there was a decided improvement +manifested, and in four weeks you hardly ever saw one hundred and +fifty children more cleanly in their persons and apparel. Their +lessons were, in most cases, quickly and correctly learned, and their +behavior was kind and affectionate toward each other, while in singing +the sweet little Sabbath school songs, I should not hesitate to put +them side by side with the best of our Sabbath-school scholars at the +North. And they so fully appreciate my humble efforts in their behalf, +that my table in the school room is loaded, morning and noon, with +oranges, lemons, apples, figs, candies, and other sweet things too +numerous to mention, all testifying their love to me, although I can +do so little for them." + +Another teacher, at Beaufort, South Carolina, writes: "My school +numbered about forty of the children. Most of them were very dirty and +poorly dressed, all very black in color. A happier group of children I +never expect to witness than those who composed my school: bright +eyes, happy looks, kind and patient dispositions, made them look +attractive to my eyes, though they were 'horribly black,' as some have +called them, and very dirty at first. But they were so innocent, so +despised by others, and withal so anxious to learn, that I felt a true +sympathy for them. + +"Their masters have kept them in darkness and degradation. This is +only the result of slavery. + +"They are very eager to learn. Every one wishes to be taught first; +yet, unlike some white children, they are patient and willing to wait. +They do not easily tire of study, but are very diligent in getting +their lessons. I have known them to teach each other, or sit alone and +drill over a lesson for two hours at a time. + +"Let me relate to you a little incident that will illustrate what I +have just said. One day, at Beaufort, soon after we landed, while +walking through the upper portion of the town, I heard a little voice +saying the alphabet, while another wee voice, scarcely audible, was +repeating it after the first. I looked quickly around to discover from +whence the voice came; and what do you think I saw? Why, seated on the +piazza of a large empty house were two of the blackest little negro +children, one about seven, the other not more than three years old. +The elder had his arm thrown lovingly around the almost naked form of +the other, and with an open primer in the lap of one, they were at +their study. An hour after, I returned by the same spot, and was both +pleased and surprised to find them still at it. God bless the little +ones! + +"This desire, or rather eagerness, to learn to read, is manifested by +all. I have stopped by the wayside many a time, and have immediately +collected a group of old and young about me, and have made them repeat +the alphabet after me slowly, letter by letter. They esteem it the +greatest kindness I can show them, and as I turn to depart, the +fervent 'God bless you, massa,' 'Tank de Lord, massa,' reach my ears." + + +MORALS OF THE FREEDMEN. + +After the mission had been established, one of the officers' wives +remarked to another, "I do not miss my things nowadays." + +Nearly all the church members had taken the temperance pledge. + +"They have their vices," writes a northern physician on one of the +plantations on Port Royal Island; "deception and petty thieving +prevail. They are careless, indolent, and improvident. They have a +miserable habit of scolding and using authoritative language to one +another. All these vices are clearly the result of _slave education_, +and will gradually disappear under improved conditions.... If one is +honest with them, and gets their confidence, the rest is easily +accomplished." + + +MARRIAGE. + +A very large portion, probably, at least, more than half of the +"married" freed people, had been married only in slave fashion, by +"taking up together," or living together by mutual agreement, without +any marriage ceremony. The missionary proposed to such that they +should be married agreeably to the usages in the free states. The +leaders of the colored people were conversed with, and they, without +exception, agreed as to the propriety of the measure. One, now +advanced in life, said, that when he proposed to his companion to go +to a minister and be lawfully married, she replied, "Oh, what use will +it be? Master can separate us to-morrow." But he coincided fully in +the propriety of the proposed course. + +Mr. Lockwood, after preaching on the sanctity of the marriage +relation, proceeded to unite in wedlock several couples, among whom +were some who had lived together for years. He gave each of the +parties a certificate, in handsome form, which they seemed to prize +very highly. It appeared to have a most beneficial effect upon the +parties themselves, and the whole population. + + +NATIVE ELOQUENCE. + +Not a few of the freedmen, though illiterate, exhibit remarkable +powers of eloquence. The missionary, in describing the address of one +of them, after a discourse by the former, says, "The address was a +masterpiece. It melted every heart. He appealed to the soldiers +present who were in rebellion against God, striving to put down +rebellion in this land, and asked them how they, who had been taught +to read the Bible, and had learned the Lord's Prayer in infancy from a +mother's lips, could stand in judgment, when a poor, despised, and +inferior race, who, though denied the Bible, had been taught of God, +and found their way to Christ, should rise up and condemn them. He +then turned to his fellow 'contrabands,' and entreated them to embrace +thankfully, and improve, the boon already given. He considered the +present a pledge of the future--the virtual emancipation of fifteen or +eighteen hundred the promise of the emancipation of four millions. The +Lord works from little to great." + + +CHURCH MEETING. + +The missionary wrote: "Last Thursday I had an opportunity to observe +the intellectual state of a considerable number of the brethren at a +church meeting. I was surprised at their understanding and wisdom in +regard to church order and propriety, and tone of discipline. As the +church records had been burned up in the church edifice at Hampton, I +inquired how far any of them could recall their contents. One or two +replied that they could almost repeat the church regulations from +memory. + +"In the discussion, high ground was taken in regard to the Sabbath, +the temperance cause, and other matters of Christian morality. In +discipline, stress was laid on the propriety and duty of private +admonition, in its successive scriptural steps, before public censure. +On this point one brother said he had privately admonished a neighbor +of the impropriety of taking articles to the camp on the Sabbath, and +he had acknowledged his fault, and promised amendment. The duty of +forgiving offenders, and undoing wrongs, was also insisted on. Several +had been improperly excluded from church privileges through the +influence of white power. It was, therefore, decided to-day that those +who had the confidence of the church should be restored to +church-fellowship unconditionally." + +One of the members, and an aged leader, stated that he had on one +occasion been seized by a white deacon, dragged down from the gallery, +and threatened with thirty-nine lashes, because there was a little of +the Methodist in his composition, and he had "got happy and shouted in +meeting." + +On another occasion, William Davis concluded some remarks as follows: +"I hope that all of you, old and young, will learn to read, as I did. +When I was converted, I was anxious to learn to read God's book. I +kneeled down by my book, [he here kneeled by the table,] and prayed +that God would teach me to read it--if only a little, I would be +thankful. And I learned, and you can if you will, for you have no one +to hinder you, as I had. We should all show that we are worthy of +freedom. Only educate us, and we will show ourselves capable of +knowledge. Some say we have not the same faculties and feelings with +white folks.... All we want is cultivation. What would the best soil +produce without cultivation? We want to get wisdom. That is all we +need. Let us get that, and we are made for time and eternity." + + +Transcriber's Note: + +All spelling is as it appears in the original text. The frontispiece +illustration has been moved to follow the title page, and the 'Little +Daisy' illustration has been shifted slightly so that it is not in the +middle of a paragraph. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. 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