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diff --git a/20744.txt b/20744.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b09d75 --- /dev/null +++ b/20744.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1487 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mary S. Peake + The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe + +Author: Lewis C. Lockwood + +Release Date: March 4, 2007 [EBook #20744] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. PEAKE *** + + + + +Produced by Suzanne Shell, Sam W. and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + MARY S. PEAKE, + + The Colored Teacher at Fortress Monroe. + + + BY REV. LEWIS C. LOCKWOOD, +FIRST MISSIONARY TO THE FREEDMEN AT FORTRESS MONROE, 1862. + + + WITH AN APPENDIX. + + + PUBLISHED BY THE + AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY, + 28 CORNHILL, BOSTON. + + +[Illustration: Mary S. Peake] + + + + +CONTENTS. + + +CHAPTER I. PAGE + +Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious +Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with +the Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. 5 + +CHAPTER II. + +Commencement of the Mission at Fortress Monroe.--Flight +of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning of the +Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. 16 + +CHAPTER III. + +Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. Peake +a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas Festival. 30 + +CHAPTER IV. + +Failure of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell +Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. 39 + +APPENDIX. 53 + + + + +MARY S. PEAKE. + +CHAPTER I. + + Birth and Parentage.--Education.--Religious + Convictions.--Prayers in the Tomb.--Union with the + Church.--Labors for the Poor.--Marriage. + + +The subject of this narrative was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1823. +Her maiden name was Mary Smith Kelsey. Her mother was a free colored +woman, very light, and her father a white man--an Englishman of rank +and culture. She was a very lovely child in person and manners, and as +she grew up, developed traits of character which made her a universal +favorite. + +When she was six years old, her mother sent her to Alexandria, for +the purpose of attending school. She remained there in school about +ten years, residing with her aunt, Mary Paine. Mrs. Paine occupied a +house belonging to Mr. Rollins Fowle, and near his residence. This +gentleman and his family were distinguished for their kindness to +colored people. He frequently bought slaves who were in danger of +being sold into bad hands, gave them their freedom, and set them up in +business. John Paine, Mary's uncle, was one whom he freed in this way. +Mary was a great pet in Mr. Fowle's family, and was treated almost +like a daughter. + +A schoolmate of hers, now residing in Providence, Rhode Island, says +Mary was a very amiable girl, and a good student. They for a time +attended a select colored school taught by a colored woman. Afterward +they attended a colored school taught by white teachers. The last +teacher was Mr. Nuthall, an Englishman. He taught till a law of +Congress enacted that the law of Virginia in relation to free colored +people should prevail in the District of Columbia. This was several +years before Alexandria was retroceded to Virginia. This law closed +all colored schools in the city. Mary was compelled to leave the +school in consequence of being informed of as having come from +Virginia. + +While at school, Mary acquired a good English education, and, in +addition to this, a knowledge of various kinds of needlework, and also +dress-making. Her aunt was a devoted Christian, and no doubt had a +very happy influence on Mary. Her mother also was converted when Mary +was two or three years old. Under these influences she was early the +subject of serious impressions. Though fond of general reading and +study, there was no book she loved so well as the Bible. This was her +companion and text book, and she committed large portions of it to +memory. + +When sixteen years old, having finished her education, she returned to +her mother, at Norfolk. Soon afterward, those religious elements which +had existed from early childhood--grown with her growth and +strengthened with her strength--became dominant by the grace of God, +and asserted their power over her. + +Near her residence was a garden, connected with a large old mansion, +between Fenchurch and Church Streets. In this garden was a dilapidated +family tomb. It was impressed on her mind that she must go into this +tomb to pray. At the dead hour of night she sought this gloomy abode +of moldering coffins and scattered bones. As she entered and knelt in +the death cell, she trembled with a fear which her prayers could not +dissipate. Quickly and stealthily she retraced her steps, and hurried +back to her home. Yet the next night, this girl of sixteen had the +courage to seek the dismal place again, and the next night yet again, +with similar results. But at length light broke upon the darkness of +the tomb, and it became a place of delightful communion with her Lord; +whence it was afterward called "Mary's parlor." At the midnight hour, +she left the tomb, and broke the silence of the night with a jubilant +song, fearless of the patrol. The song was this strain of Watts, in +which many a saint has poured forth his soul:-- + + "Stand up, my soul, shake off thy fears, + And gird the gospel armor on; + March to the gates of endless joy, + Where Jesus, thy great Captain, 's gone. + + "Hell and thy sins resist thy course, + But hell and sin are vanquished foes; + Thy Jesus nailed them to the cross, + And sung the triumph when he rose. + + "Then let my soul march boldly on, + Press forward to the heavenly gate; + There peace and joy eternal reign, + And glittering robes for conquerors wait. + + "There shall I wear a starry crown, + And triumph in almighty grace; + While all the armies of the skies + Join in my glorious Leader's praise." + +This strain fell on the waking ears of ladies in the house adjacent to +the tomb, and they inquired, "What sweet music is that? Who is +serenading at this hour?" Little did they know the spirit-promptings +of that song. + +Soon after this, Mary went to visit some friends in Hampton. As she +entered the yard, and approached the house, she sang another +expressive hymn of Watts:-- + + "Firm as the earth thy gospel stands, + My Lord, my Hope, my Trust; + If I am found in Jesus' hands, + My soul can ne'er be lost. + + "His honor is engaged to save + The meanest of his sheep; + All whom his heavenly Father gave + His hands securely keep. + + "Nor death nor hell shall e'er remove + His favorites from his breast; + Safe on the bosom of his love + Shall they for ever rest." + +Her friends opened the door at the sound of the tender music, and as +they looked on her face, and listened to her song, they were overcome, +and could not restrain their emotions. + +Soon afterward, she united with the First Baptist Church in Norfolk, +on Bute Street. The pastor was Rev. James A. Mitchell, who served the +church from the time of Nat Turner's insurrection till his death, +about 1852. He was emphatically a good man, and a father to the +colored people--a very Barnabas, "son of consolation" indeed. A +considerable portion of his church were colored people, and he would +visit them at their houses, take meals with them, and enter into their +affairs, temporal and spiritual, with a true and zealous heart. He +never loved slavery; his private opinion was against it, but he was +obliged to be cautious in the expression of his sentiments. He endured +great trials for this proscribed class, and was almost a martyr in +their behalf, his pastorate having begun just after Nat Turner's +insurrection, which caused great persecution and restriction of +privileges. But the Lord was with him, and made him to triumph. + +Mary's mother says that she delighted to visit the poor in Norfolk, +and especially the aged. A very old man, in the suburbs, often came to +her door, and never went empty away; and frequently at evening she +would go and carry him warm tea, and in the winter she brought him +wood in small armfuls. When he died, he said he wanted Mary to have +all that belonged to him. Though he was scarcely worth three cents, it +was a rich heart gift. + +Her Christian course was marked with usefulness. Self-denying devotion +to the glory of God and the good of others characterized her earlier, +as her later career. A deacon of the church on whom the writer called +when recently in Norfolk, says she had a strong desire for the +conversion of souls, and was often found exhorting them to repentance. +Other members of the church bore the highest testimony to her uniform +Christian deportment. + +In 1847, Mary's mother was married to Thompson Walker, and bought a +house in Hampton, where they resided until the town was burned by the +rebels in 1861. Though sustaining herself by her needle, Mary found +time for many labors of love. Among other things, she originated a +benevolent society, called the "Daughters of Zion," designed for +ministration to the poor and the sick. It is still in existence. + +Her house, like that of Mary and Martha of old, was a place of +spiritual resort. There the pastor, deacons, and other leading members +of the church found congenial society. She early began the exercise of +her gifts as a teacher. At that time, fifteen years ago, she had among +her pupils Thompson Walker, her stepfather, William Thornton, and +William Davis, all now able and eloquent exhorters. She was afterward +of great service to others, who are now efficient exhorters and +members of the church. Up to the time of the burning of Hampton, she +was engaged in instructing children and adults, through her shrewdness +and the divine protection eluding the vigilance of conservators of the +slave law, or, if temporarily interfered with, again commencing and +prosecuting her labors of love with cautious fearlessness, and this +in the midst of the infirmities attending a feeble constitution. + +In 1851, Mary was married to Thomas Peake, formerly a slave, but +afterward a free man, light colored, intelligent, pious, and in every +respect a congenial companion, with whom she lived happily till her +decease. + +The bereaved husband bears affectionate testimony to the strong mind +and sound judgment which dwelt in that feeble frame. He loves to speak +of his indebtedness to her richly stored mind for much of his +knowledge of the Bible. At his request, she would sit for hours and +relate Bible history. Others of our leading brethren also gratefully +acknowledge that they have drawn largely from the same storehouse of +biblical and varied knowledge. + + + + +CHAPTER II. + + Commencement of the Mission at Fortress + Monroe.--Flight of the Rebels from Hampton.--Burning + of the Town.--The Place reoccupied by Freedmen. + + +About the first of September, 1861, the writer commenced the mission +at Fortress Monroe, under the auspices of the American Missionary +Association, and was quartered in a building called the _Seminary_. +Three months before this, the Union troops entered Hampton from Old +Point. The exciting scenes connected with this event have been +narrated to me by eye-witnesses. Among these troops were Duryea's +Zouaves, called by the people "red men," from the color of their +dress. + +The utmost consternation seized the inhabitants of Hampton, when they +found the Union troops were approaching. Many of the colored people +even were in a state of suspense. All kinds of stories had been told +in regard to what the Yankees would do with them. Yet hope +predominated over fear. They could hardly believe that the Yankees +meant them any harm. But unmitigated fear filled the breasts of the +secessionists. There had been loud boasts of what they would do; but +when the red trowsers approached, their bravery all ran down into +their nimble feet. The battery of several large guns which they had +planted, and which might have done great mischief to the Union troops, +had they been bravely manned, was drawn off. In their confusion, the +bridge was first fired, and then the fire extinguished. Men, women, +and children ran screaming in every direction, crying, "They come! +they come! What shall we do?" + +Here is a man within doors, gun in hand, pacing the floor in +consternation, ever and anon rushing to the window, and casting a +frightened glance in the direction of the road from the fort, till he +espies the Turk-like looking forms, moving "double quick," when he +darts from the house, screaming, "They are coming! they are coming!" +Off he flies, with the fleetness of fear, and in a few moments is seen +no more. + +But in one house there are _two_ individuals, fearless and calm: Mrs. +Peake and her little daughter Daisy sit alike unalarmed; the one in +child-like faith, the other in child-like simplicity. Mrs. Walker, +Mrs. Peake's mother, is in a neighbor's house. Some time previous, the +lady of the house, an intimate friend, having great confidence in +sister Walker's prayers, said to her, "Sally, you must pray harder." + +"Oh," said she, "I do pray as hard as I can." + +"How do you pray, Sally?" + +"I pray that the Lord's will may be done." + +"You don't pray right, Sally," said one of them; "you must pray for +Jeff. Davis." + +"Oh," said she, "I pray as well as I can, and as hard as I can. I am +praying all the time." + +"That's right," said the other; "pray on, Sally--your prayer will +surely be heard. You can't pray any better prayer than you do. Pray +that the Lord's will may be done: I am sure it is the Lord's will that +the Yankees should not come here to disturb us; and I have faith to +believe they will not. Pray on, Sally; pray as hard as you can." + +"I will, ma'am." + +Time passed on; and now, on that fearful morning, just after the sun +has peeped above the horizon, lo, the Yankees! The strong faith above +expressed fails the possessor; and she, who would scarcely have set +foot on the ground for very delicacy, and who would not have been seen +riding out, unless in a fine carriage, drawn by fine horses, elegantly +harnessed, is now heard calling for any old horse or mule, and any +rickety wagon or cart, with rope harness--any thing--any thing to take +her out of the reach of the Yankees! Masters and mistresses are now +turned fugitives. + +Here is one of many interviews between masters and slaves. + +"What's the matter, master?" + +"Oh, the Yankees are coming!" + +"Are they? are they? What shall I do, master?" with affected tokens of +fear. + +"Get out of the town as soon as you can." + +"Oh, master, I'm afraid to leave the house. Oh, those Yankees! Do you +think they will hurt me?" + +"Yes, they'll take you and sell you off to Cuba. Perhaps they'll kill +you." + +"Will they, master?" + +"Yes, I tell you; why don't you leave the town, you rascal?" + +"Oh, master, I don't know what to do. You an't a-going to leave us for +the Yankees to catch; are you?" + +"Yes, I'm off, and you better be off with yourself--if you don't I'll +shoot you." + +"Oh, master, don't shoot me--don't leave me!" + +"There they come!" + +"Where, master, where? where?" + +"I can't stop--good by--you better be off!" + +But Tony laughs in his sleeve, and says, with upturned eyes, "I'm not +afraid of the Yankees! Bless God, old master's gone--hope he'll never +come back any more!" + +The Zouaves, on "double quick," approach nearer, and up rides one of +the secessionists, in hot haste. + +"What's the matter, master? What's the matter?" inquires an +intelligent negro. + +"Oh, matter enough, you villain. You brought all this trouble on us. I +am disappointed in you; I thought you would stick by us; but you +desert your best friends in extremity. You won't find those Yankees +what you expect." + +"Oh, master, won't you stay and protect us?" + +"No; good by, you villain. I'm out of town, and so you had better be, +very quick." And on he flies. + +The Zouaves are now crossing the bridge,--now they enter the +town,--and as they pass through street after street, with hats off, +they bow politely to the colored people, who cheer them from doors and +windows. Now every fear is dissipated. Colored knees are bent, and +colored lips praise the Lord. The hope that had all along predominated +over fear is more than met, and the town is full of gladness. The +tidings spread, and the place is soon thronged with colored people +from the country around. + +But how different with the white inhabitants! Go with me to the +Sinclair estate--a mile or two north of the town. One of the officers +rides up to the house, and says,-- + +"Do you own this place?" + +"Yes." + +"Well, deliver up all your horses." + +Sam Simpson, the colored foreman, says, "Boys, bring up the horses." + +"Oh, sir, spare an old man!" + +"Hurry out those horses!" + +"Oh, Sam, stand by me! Oh, dear, I shall die! Don't leave me! Don't +leave me!" + +Poor old man! His ill-gotten riches are taking wings; the day of +retribution has come upon him, and, in spite of a sense of its +justice, we can not withhold our pity. + +The colored people were soon set to work in constructing the battery +in Hampton, under the superintendence of Mr. Pierce, of the +Massachusetts regiment, since then superintendent of the Port Royal +cotton culture. They worked with a will, so that he was obliged to +suspend labor during the heat of the day, lest they should over-exert +themselves. After a month had elapsed, the battle of Big Bethel was +fought, and _not_ won; and soon after, the disastrous defeat and +flight of Bull Run occurred. + +To reenforce the army of the Potomac a large part of the troops at +Fortress Monroe were ordered away. General Butler, concluding that he +had not sufficient force to hold Hampton, ordered it to be evacuated. +He gave a week's notice to the colored people to leave, and find +refuge on the other side of the bridge. But many of them delayed too +long, and were able to move but a part of their goods; in consequence +of which they suffered serious loss. + +Among these was Mr. Peake. He lost a large part of his furniture, as +well as his two houses. The order of the rebel General Magruder to +fire the place was a gross exhibition of vandalism, without the +justifiable plea of military necessity. The incendiary work began on +the west side of the village, and spread toward the wharves. Hemmed in +by the conflagration on one side, and our firing on the opposite +shore, many of the executers of the order fell dead or wounded, and +were consumed by the voracious flames. Those who witnessed it said it +was an appalling sight. + +The evacuation took place on the 7th and the conflagration on the 8th +of August. I arrived about a month afterward, and on visiting Hampton, +in company with the provost marshal, Captain Burleigh, I found only +about half a dozen houses that had escaped. One large house had had +its floor fired, but the fire had mysteriously gone out, without doing +much damage. A large new building, a little out of town, was also +standing uninjured. But the most of the village was a charred ruin; +the unsightly chimneys, and a few more or less dilapidated walls, +surviving to tell the story of what had been. + +Thus the place remained in abandoned isolation during the winter. But +with the beginning of spring, the progress of our arms opened Hampton +to reoccupation. It was thought proper that those who, during the +winter, had been confined in large houses, overcrowded, should at +once build up the ruins, and provide themselves homes. To this end, +application was made for an appropriation of government lumber for +past services. Some lumber was received in this way, and the +evacuation of the camps by the soldiers, who had winter quarters here, +furnished still more. + +Quite a large number of neat cottages have already been built. I +encouraged the people to build these small tenements on lots belonging +to the most decided rebels, hoping that, if not claimed by former +owners, these homesteads would be given to the occupants by +government. Thus Hampton is becoming quite a thriving, free +settlement, supported by fishing, oystering, huckstering, artisanship, +gardening, and farming. Colored people have settled on farms vacated +by owners, and will do well in keeping dairies, and cultivating the +land, and gathering its fruit, if not molested. + +The old court-house walls, that survived the fire, have been inclosed +for a church and school house. The work was done by colored mechanics. +It seems fit that this place, where injustice has been sanctioned by +law, should be converted into a sanctuary of justice, righteousness, +and free education. + +We consider that we are here trying the very highest experiment with +ex-slaves. They are here emphatically "turned loose," and are shifting +for themselves,--doing their own head-work and hand-work. It is not to +be expected that on the "sacred soil of Virginia" this experiment +should be carried out without encountering difficulties; but we feel +it to be a thing of blessed interest to follow as Providence leads, +and do the work of faith and love, leaving the result with him. There +is inspiration in the reflection that we are doing a representative +work, and whatever the issue, the work will not be burned up, nor the +workers permitted to suffer essential loss. We know that our labor is +not in vain in the Lord. + + + + +CHAPTER III. + + Opening of Religious Services and Schools.--Mrs. + Peake a Teacher.--Singing in the Schools.--Christmas + Festival. + + +The religious and educational part of the mission has been one of +blessedness and promise. And in this, as in everything else, I have +aimed to teach self-development. In connection with the gathering of +the people in religious meetings, I proposed to commence Sabbath and +week-day schools, with such teachers as I had at hand. Meanwhile, some +of the children of the vicinity, getting perhaps some hint of my +intention, or prompted by an impulse from on high, called on Mrs. +Peake, and requested her to teach them, as she had taught the children +in Hampton. + +It was with much gratification that I learned this request. I soon +found from observation, as well as information, that we had in her a +teacher of the choicest spirit, and of peculiar qualifications. She +was happy in having pupils as ready to learn as to request +instruction. Her school numbered at first only about half a dozen, but +in a few days she had between fifty and sixty. These scholars were +found to have generally very fair intellectual capabilities, and a few +evinced quite rare talents. Among these was her own little daughter, +five years old, named Hattie, but familiarly called by the pet name of +Daisy. She learned to read simple lessons fluently in a very short +time. Others also exhibited a precocity which from day to day rewarded +and stimulated the ardor of this devoted teacher. + +Mrs. Peake was not satisfied with the ordinary routine of the week-day +school room, but felt that the teacher of a mission school should aim +to educate the children for eternity as well as for time. She found +great assistance in the primer, catechism, and other elementary +religious books, with which she had been furnished. She felt that the +teachings of the week-day school ought to be largely preparatory to +the rehearsals of the Sabbath school. What an impression for good +would be made upon the rising generation, were this course universally +pursued! + +Mrs. Peake deeply realized that every undertaking, and especially that +of training the young, should be begun and continued with prayer. She +not only prayed with her pupils, but taught them to pray. Having a +rich store of scriptural knowledge, and feeling its worth, and the +importance of simplifying it to the young, in order to awaken their +interest, she bestowed special attention on catechetical instruction. +Not satisfied with having Scripture truths committed to memory, she +explained and inculcated them, with line upon line and precept upon +precept, drawn from her own knowledge and experience. I can not think +that this spiritual instruction interfered in the least with the +other, but rather was a handmaid to it, furnishing a pleasant as well +as profitable variety, awakening and developing heart and mind at +once. + +Mrs. Peake also considered singing an important part of a right +education. Among the favorite hymns first learned and sung in her +school were, "I want to be an angel," "There is a happy land," "Around +the throne of God in heaven," "Here we meet to part again," "In heaven +we part no more," and others of kindred spirit, so familiar in the +Sabbath schools at the North. How ardent was her desire to win the +young intellect and affections for Jesus and heaven! With strict +appropriateness may we apply to her the poet's language,-- + + "And as a bird each fond endearment tries, + To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies, + She tried each art, reproved each dull delay, + Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way." + +While Mrs. Peake attached prime importance to the training of the +rising generation, she felt that great improvement might be made among +the adults. This view inspired her action from the first in Hampton, +and with a blessed result, that is now apparent to all. She was +accordingly very ready to gratify the desire of a number of adults for +an evening school, notwithstanding her increasing infirmities. The +result is, that several, who scarcely knew the alphabet before, now +begin to read with considerable readiness. + +In these multiplied labors, she exhibited a martyr spirit, of the true +type. Often when she was confined to her bed, her pupils would be +found around her, drawing knowledge as it were from her very life. +Again and again did Dr. Browne, brigade surgeon, who concerned himself +for her like a brother, advise her to consider her weakness, and +intermit her exhausting duties. The scene of these labors was the +Brown Cottage, near the seminary, fronting on Hampton Roads. The +school room was the front room, first story. Her own family apartment +was the front room, second story. It will ever be a place about which +precious memories will linger. + +It was proposed that, on Christmas day, the children of the school +should have a festival. All the week previous, they were busy, with +their teacher, in preparations and rehearsals. A large room on the +first floor of the seminary was decorated with evergreens for the +occasion, and at one end a platform was constructed. At an early hour +in the evening, the room was crowded with colored children and +adults, and soldiers and officers. The programme opened with the +singing of "My country, 'tis of thee." Chaplain Fuller read the +account of the nativity of Christ. Dr. Linson prayed. Then the +children discoursed very sweet music in solo, semi-chorus, and chorus, +and at intervals spoke pieces in a very commendable manner, +considering that it was probably the first attempt of colored children +in the South. + +Little Daisy, (Mrs. Peake's only child,) about five years old, was the +acknowledged star of the evening. She sang very prettily in solo, and +also in connection with the chorus. She sang alone the whole of the +hymn, "I want to be an angel." + +[Illustration: LITTLE DAISY.] + +I spoke of the contrast between the present and the past. A year ago, +_white_ children in Hampton could enjoy a scene of this kind, but +_colored_ children were excluded. But now times have changed. The +white man's child is away, and the colored man's child is on the +stage, and swells the choral song. And this is but a miniature picture +of what will be. The present is prophetic of the future. The few +hundred children about Fortress Monroe, now gathered into schools, +after the pattern of this first school, are types of one million of +children throughout the sunny South, on whom the sunlight of knowledge +is yet to shine. + +After the concert exercises, the members of the school and others +repaired to the Brown Cottage. Here we were conducted into the school +room, which, like the concert room, was tastefully decorated with +evergreens; and we filed around a long table laden with refreshments, +and surrounded with Christmas trees, loaded with good things, all +gotten up spontaneously by, and at the expense of, the colored people +in the neighborhood. The viands were partaken of with a relish, and +by unanimous consent it was declared a merry Christmas of the right +type; the children sang, "Merry Christmas to all! Merry Christmas! +Merry Christmas to all!" + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + + Failing of Health.--Religious Joy.--Farewell + Messages.--Death.--Funeral.--Conclusion. + + +After the exciting scenes of the Christmas festival, Mrs. Peake's +health sensibly declined, and in a week or two she was obliged to +suspend, and soon to give up entirely, the charge to which she had +clung with such tenacity. I visited her frequently, and was the bearer +of clothing and other tokens from friends at the North. Every thing in +our power was done to cheer her, and never were ministerings more +cordially bestowed, or more gratefully received and richly repaid. To +visit her had always been a privilege, but the privilege was doubly +precious during her last illness. To see how a frail woman, with an +exquisitely nervous temperament, could deliberately and calmly bid +farewell to family, pupils, and friends, and yield herself into her +Father's hands, to pass through the ordeal of sickness and death, was +a privilege and a blessing. + +In her presence I was a learner, and, under the inspiration of her +words and example, obtained new strength for fresh endeavors in the +cause of God and humanity. In one of my visits, she told me that I +must give her love to the committee in New York, and all the friends +of the mission; that she had had a bright vision of her Saviour, and +he had assured her that the cause would triumph; that we were sowing +seed which would spring up and become a tree, to overspread the whole +earth; that we should be a great blessing to this down-trodden people, +and they would fulfill a glorious destiny. "Oh, yes," said she, +"brother Lockwood, you will succeed, for Jesus has told me so this +morning." + +For two weeks previous to her death, she seemed to be in the "land of +Beulah," on the "mountains of the shepherds," where, like Bunyan's +pilgrim, she could clearly descry the promised land. She had a strong +desire to depart and be with Christ, which was far better than even +his most intimate earthly visits. Again and again, as I called to see +her, she assured me that she had had a fresh visit from her Saviour, +and he had told her that where he was she should be, and she would be +like him when she should see him as he is. She knew not where in the +universe heaven might be, but where her Saviour was, there would be +her heaven, for she would be with him. + +Her constantly increasing cough and expectoration, though not attended +with much pain, were, as usual, accompanied with uneasiness, want of +sleep, and great weakness, which made her frequently request prayer +that she might have patience to bear all without a murmur, and await +her Father's will. She wanted to say, with the feelings of Job, "All +the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. I know +that my Redeemer liveth." + +At one time, her symptoms seemed more favorable, and I expressed a +hope of her recovery. "No," said she; "I have taken leave of my +family, and of every thing on earth, and I would rather go, if it be +God's will; only I want to wait patiently till he comes to call me." +Her husband and mother told me that, during the previous night, she +had bidden them all farewell, and left farewell messages for her +school, and the church, and all her friends. She had thus set her +house in order, to die, or, rather, to live a diviner life, and she +was waiting the summons home. She said that she felt like a little +child in her Father's arms; and if, by lifting a pebble, she could +hold back her spirit, she would not do it. + +Several days before her death, she requested me to sing "The +Christian's Home in Glory," or "Rest for the Weary"--a hymn, with its +tune, dear to her for itself and for its associations. As I repeated +the chorus, she exclaimed, again and again, with great tenderness and +emphasis, "Rest, rest, rest! Oh, brother Lockwood, there I shall rest, +rest, rest! This weary head shall rest on my Saviour's bosom." + +When I had sung the last stanza,-- + + "Sing, oh, sing, ye heirs of glory, + Shout your triumph as you go,"-- + +she burst out in an ecstasy that seemed as if the spirit would break +away from the body, "Oh, brother, I shall sing! I shall shout! Won't +we sing? Won't we shout? Yes, we shall--we shall sing and shout!" + +On Saturday morning, February 22, she was in a very happy frame of +mind, and said that she had had precious visits from her Saviour; he +had told her that he was coming soon, and would fulfill her heart's +desire in taking her to him. Her mother said, that during the previous +night she had been constantly reaching up, and sometimes she would cry +out, with great earnestness, "Do not leave me, dear Jesus." + +She requested me to sing for her, and I sung, "The Shining Shore," and +"Homeward Bound." During the singing of the last stanza of the latter +song, she was filled with joy. + + "Into the harbor of heaven now we glide, + We're home at last! + Softly we drift o'er its bright silver tide, + We're home at last! + Glory to God! All our dangers are o'er; + We stand secure on the glorified shore; + Glory to God! we will shout evermore, + We're home at last!" + +"Yes," she exclaimed, "home at last! Glory to God! Home at last! Oh, +I shall soon be home--home--home at last!" + +On the night of that day, about twelve o'clock, her waiting, longing +spirit went home. Washington's birthday was her birthday to a higher +life. After many a sleepless night, this last evening she was +permitted to rest quietly, till the midnight cry struck upon her ear, +"Behold, the bridegroom cometh!" It found her ready, with her lamp +trimmed and burning. Calling for her mother, she threw herself into +her embrace, as her spirit did into the embrace of her Saviour. + +Just at midnight, on all the ships in Hampton Roads,--and which are so +near us that the cry on shipboard is distinctly heard on shore,--the +watchman cried aloud, as usual, "Twelve o'clock, and all's well!" The +sound penetrated the sick chamber, and the dying invalid apparently +heard it. She smiled sweetly, and then breathed her last sigh, and +entered upon that rest which remains for the people of God. + +The next morning, which was the Sabbath, I called, and found her +husband and mother bearing up under their bereavement with Christian +fortitude. They could smile through their tears; though they wept, it +was not as those who have no hope. In the services of the day, the +bereaved were remembered in fervent, sympathizing prayer. We all felt +sorely afflicted, and would have grieved, but for the thought that our +temporary loss was her eternal gain. In the evening, a prayer meeting +was held till midnight in the room where her body lay; but all felt +like saying, She is not here; her spirit is with her Father and our +Father, her God and our God. + +On Monday, at eleven o'clock, a large concourse assembled at her +funeral. We met in her school room, at the Brown Cottage, a place +sweetened and hallowed by associations with her crowning labors, and +thus a fit place for these leave-taking services. The occasion was one +of mingled sorrow and joy. The services were begun by singing, +according to her request, the familiar hymn,-- + + "I would not live alway,"-- + +to the tune of "Sweet Home," in which it is generally sung by the +people here, with the chorus,-- + + "Home! Home! Sweet, sweet home! + There's no place like heaven, there's no place like home!" + +The impression was very thrilling. Chaplain Fuller, of the sixteenth +Massachusetts regiment, offered prayer--praying fervently for the +bereaved mother and husband, and for little Daisy, who would one day +realize more than now a mother's worth by her loss. We then sung, +according to her request, her favorite hymn, "The Christian's Home in +Glory," or "Rest for the Weary." I selected for my text Hebrews +4:9--"There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God." At the +conclusion of the sermon the children sang,-- + + "Here we suffer grief and pain; + Here we meet to part again; + In heaven we part no more. + Oh, that will be joyful, + Joyful, joyful, joyful, + Oh, that will be joyful, + When we meet to part no more. + + "_Little children_ will be there, + Who have sought the Lord by prayer, + From every Sabbath school. + Oh, that will be joyful, &c. + + "_Teachers_, too, shall meet above, + And our _pastors_, whom we love, + Shall meet to part no more. + Oh, that will be joyful," &c. + +The coffin was then opened, and we took the last, lingering look at a +face whose heavenly lineaments I can never forget. + +In long procession, in which her recent charge bore a prominent part, +we accompanied her to her resting place. The place of her sepulture is +about a hundred yards north of the seminary, on the bank of the inlet. +A live-oak tree stands at her head, projecting its emblematic +evergreen foliage over the sod-roofed tenement. + +The departed selected, as a remembrance of her immortality, the 17th +verse of the 118th Psalm, "I shall not die, but live." The thirty-nine +years of her earthly existence were but the prelude to a life beyond +the sky; and while her spirit survives the ravages of death, her name +shall live in memory. + + * * * * * + +In this unpretending memoir may its subject live again, and not in +vain. May teachers gather from her example fresh inspiration, and the +benevolent Christian fresh impulses in doing good. May they who enjoy +advantages superior to those of her proscribed race, take heed lest +the latter, by the better improvement of the little light enjoyed, +rise up in the judgment and condemn them. + +Let Sabbath scholars, and children of pious parentage and Christian +education, who from earliest years have not only been taught to lisp +the Saviour's name, but to read it, pity the slave child, shut out +from such advantages, and give heed to instruction, lest, having more +given and unimproved, they be beaten with many stripes. Let all who +have an interest at the throne of grace remember little Daisy, and +pray that she may walk in her mother's footsteps, as far as she +followed Christ, only following more closely, attaining still greater +excellence, achieving still greater usefulness, and winning a still +brighter crown of glory. + +As the enlarging harvest field whitens into ripeness, may the Lord of +the harvest send forth an increasing number of laborers. Oh, who will +give ear to the echoing cry, "Come over and help us"? Come to the +harvest work, and you too, with arms full of golden sheaves, shall +shout the harvest home. Who will pay the hire of the laborers? Who +will lend to the Lord the capital needful to secure the harvest in +season and well? For such there shall be untold riches laid up in +heaven. And who will sustain those who bear the burden and heat of the +day, by the buoyancy of prayer? This is a work thrice blessed to all +concerned. + + + + +APPENDIX. + +MISSION TO THE FREEDMEN. + + +On the 8th of August, 1861, a letter was addressed to Major-General +Butler, then in command at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by the treasurer +of the American Missionary Association, respecting the people whom he +had denominated "contrabands." In this letter, the writer communicated +to General Butler the wishes of some persons in the free states, that, +as considerable embarrassment was felt by the public authorities with +regard to the increasing numbers of colored persons who had fled and +were fleeing for protection to the forts and camps of the United +States, they should be sent into the free states to obtain employment. +A prompt and courteous reply was received, and, in reference to the +desire expressed, General Butler stated that the "contrabands" would +be protected; that many of them would be employed in government +service; that there was land enough to cultivate in Virginia; and as +the freedmen would never be suffered to return into bondage, there was +no necessity for sending any of them to the Northern States. + +The executive committee of the association, feeling highly encouraged +by these assurances, at once determined to commence a mission at +Fortress Monroe. Rev. Lewis C. Lockwood was commissioned as their +first missionary to the freedmen. He repaired to Washington, where he +received encouragement from the government, and recommendation to the +commanding general, Wool, who had succeeded General Butler. General +Wool received him cordially, heartily approved the plan, and afforded +him all needful facilities. + +Mr. Lockwood conferred with the leading persons among the freedmen, +investigated the condition and wants of the people, made arrangements +for week-day and Sabbath meetings, organized week-day and evening +schools, employed several of the most intelligent and gifted colored +people as assistants, and through the committee in New York made +urgent appeals for clothing, &c., for the destitute, and also for +additional missionaries and teachers. + +The late lamented Mrs. Mary S. Peake was the first teacher employed. +She continued to teach as long as her health permitted, and near to +the time of her decease. Other teachers have been employed; chaplains +in the army and pious soldiers have proffered their occasional +services, and the religious meetings, Sabbath schools, and week-day +schools, have been well attended. Mr. Lockwood labored there thirteen +months, and then removed to another field. In his final report, he +states that he had ministered to a congregation at Hampton, where the +average attendance was four hundred; and to a congregation at Fortress +Monroe, where the average attendance was about the same. + +A day school was kept in a house, near Hampton, formerly the residence +of Ex-President Tyler, which was wholly given up for the use of the +freedmen. This school was subsequently removed to the old Court House +at Hampton, which had been fitted up for the purpose, government +furnishing a portion of the lumber. This school became the largest +under the care of the freedmen's teachers, and numbered at one time +five hundred scholars. Among the ruins of Hampton, which had, at an +early period of the rebellion, been burned by the rebels, the colored +people erected rude cottages, the materials being gathered from the +vacated camps, the deserted dwellings of fugitive slaveholders, &c. + +Such of the freedmen as were not employed by government have obtained +a living by fishing, oystering, huckstering, carting, washing, &c. + + +INTERESTING FACTS. + +Many highly interesting facts have been communicated with regard to +the freedmen--their natural endowments, their facility in acquiring +knowledge in letters and arms, their industrial habits, their +shrewdness in business transactions, their gratitude, their courage, +their acquaintance with passing events, their confidence that the +result of the rebellion will be the liberation of their people, and +their piety. Some of these facts have been extensively published, and +have been read with high gratification. It is thought that a few of +these facts may add to the value of this little publication. + +[Illustration: A "CONTRABAND" SCHOOL.] + + +SCHOOLS FOR THE CHILDREN. + +A young teacher at Hampton, Virginia, writes as follows: "When I first +commenced the school here, I found the children such as slavery +makes--quarrelsome, thievish, uncleanly in their persons and attire, +and seemingly inclined to almost every species of wickedness; and it +appeared to me that they were too far gone to be ever raised to any +thing like intelligent children at the North. But I found that I had +reckoned without my host in the persons of these children. + +"At the end of the first week there was a decided improvement +manifested, and in four weeks you hardly ever saw one hundred and +fifty children more cleanly in their persons and apparel. Their +lessons were, in most cases, quickly and correctly learned, and their +behavior was kind and affectionate toward each other, while in singing +the sweet little Sabbath school songs, I should not hesitate to put +them side by side with the best of our Sabbath-school scholars at the +North. And they so fully appreciate my humble efforts in their behalf, +that my table in the school room is loaded, morning and noon, with +oranges, lemons, apples, figs, candies, and other sweet things too +numerous to mention, all testifying their love to me, although I can +do so little for them." + +Another teacher, at Beaufort, South Carolina, writes: "My school +numbered about forty of the children. Most of them were very dirty and +poorly dressed, all very black in color. A happier group of children I +never expect to witness than those who composed my school: bright +eyes, happy looks, kind and patient dispositions, made them look +attractive to my eyes, though they were 'horribly black,' as some have +called them, and very dirty at first. But they were so innocent, so +despised by others, and withal so anxious to learn, that I felt a true +sympathy for them. + +"Their masters have kept them in darkness and degradation. This is +only the result of slavery. + +"They are very eager to learn. Every one wishes to be taught first; +yet, unlike some white children, they are patient and willing to wait. +They do not easily tire of study, but are very diligent in getting +their lessons. I have known them to teach each other, or sit alone and +drill over a lesson for two hours at a time. + +"Let me relate to you a little incident that will illustrate what I +have just said. One day, at Beaufort, soon after we landed, while +walking through the upper portion of the town, I heard a little voice +saying the alphabet, while another wee voice, scarcely audible, was +repeating it after the first. I looked quickly around to discover from +whence the voice came; and what do you think I saw? Why, seated on the +piazza of a large empty house were two of the blackest little negro +children, one about seven, the other not more than three years old. +The elder had his arm thrown lovingly around the almost naked form of +the other, and with an open primer in the lap of one, they were at +their study. An hour after, I returned by the same spot, and was both +pleased and surprised to find them still at it. God bless the little +ones! + +"This desire, or rather eagerness, to learn to read, is manifested by +all. I have stopped by the wayside many a time, and have immediately +collected a group of old and young about me, and have made them repeat +the alphabet after me slowly, letter by letter. They esteem it the +greatest kindness I can show them, and as I turn to depart, the +fervent 'God bless you, massa,' 'Tank de Lord, massa,' reach my ears." + + +MORALS OF THE FREEDMEN. + +After the mission had been established, one of the officers' wives +remarked to another, "I do not miss my things nowadays." + +Nearly all the church members had taken the temperance pledge. + +"They have their vices," writes a northern physician on one of the +plantations on Port Royal Island; "deception and petty thieving +prevail. They are careless, indolent, and improvident. They have a +miserable habit of scolding and using authoritative language to one +another. All these vices are clearly the result of _slave education_, +and will gradually disappear under improved conditions.... If one is +honest with them, and gets their confidence, the rest is easily +accomplished." + + +MARRIAGE. + +A very large portion, probably, at least, more than half of the +"married" freed people, had been married only in slave fashion, by +"taking up together," or living together by mutual agreement, without +any marriage ceremony. The missionary proposed to such that they +should be married agreeably to the usages in the free states. The +leaders of the colored people were conversed with, and they, without +exception, agreed as to the propriety of the measure. One, now +advanced in life, said, that when he proposed to his companion to go +to a minister and be lawfully married, she replied, "Oh, what use will +it be? Master can separate us to-morrow." But he coincided fully in +the propriety of the proposed course. + +Mr. Lockwood, after preaching on the sanctity of the marriage +relation, proceeded to unite in wedlock several couples, among whom +were some who had lived together for years. He gave each of the +parties a certificate, in handsome form, which they seemed to prize +very highly. It appeared to have a most beneficial effect upon the +parties themselves, and the whole population. + + +NATIVE ELOQUENCE. + +Not a few of the freedmen, though illiterate, exhibit remarkable +powers of eloquence. The missionary, in describing the address of one +of them, after a discourse by the former, says, "The address was a +masterpiece. It melted every heart. He appealed to the soldiers +present who were in rebellion against God, striving to put down +rebellion in this land, and asked them how they, who had been taught +to read the Bible, and had learned the Lord's Prayer in infancy from a +mother's lips, could stand in judgment, when a poor, despised, and +inferior race, who, though denied the Bible, had been taught of God, +and found their way to Christ, should rise up and condemn them. He +then turned to his fellow 'contrabands,' and entreated them to embrace +thankfully, and improve, the boon already given. He considered the +present a pledge of the future--the virtual emancipation of fifteen or +eighteen hundred the promise of the emancipation of four millions. The +Lord works from little to great." + + +CHURCH MEETING. + +The missionary wrote: "Last Thursday I had an opportunity to observe +the intellectual state of a considerable number of the brethren at a +church meeting. I was surprised at their understanding and wisdom in +regard to church order and propriety, and tone of discipline. As the +church records had been burned up in the church edifice at Hampton, I +inquired how far any of them could recall their contents. One or two +replied that they could almost repeat the church regulations from +memory. + +"In the discussion, high ground was taken in regard to the Sabbath, +the temperance cause, and other matters of Christian morality. In +discipline, stress was laid on the propriety and duty of private +admonition, in its successive scriptural steps, before public censure. +On this point one brother said he had privately admonished a neighbor +of the impropriety of taking articles to the camp on the Sabbath, and +he had acknowledged his fault, and promised amendment. The duty of +forgiving offenders, and undoing wrongs, was also insisted on. Several +had been improperly excluded from church privileges through the +influence of white power. It was, therefore, decided to-day that those +who had the confidence of the church should be restored to +church-fellowship unconditionally." + +One of the members, and an aged leader, stated that he had on one +occasion been seized by a white deacon, dragged down from the gallery, +and threatened with thirty-nine lashes, because there was a little of +the Methodist in his composition, and he had "got happy and shouted in +meeting." + +On another occasion, William Davis concluded some remarks as follows: +"I hope that all of you, old and young, will learn to read, as I did. +When I was converted, I was anxious to learn to read God's book. I +kneeled down by my book, [he here kneeled by the table,] and prayed +that God would teach me to read it--if only a little, I would be +thankful. And I learned, and you can if you will, for you have no one +to hinder you, as I had. We should all show that we are worthy of +freedom. Only educate us, and we will show ourselves capable of +knowledge. Some say we have not the same faculties and feelings with +white folks.... All we want is cultivation. What would the best soil +produce without cultivation? We want to get wisdom. That is all we +need. Let us get that, and we are made for time and eternity." + + +Transcriber's Note: + +All spelling is as it appears in the original text. The frontispiece +illustration has been moved to follow the title page, and the 'Little +Daisy' illustration has been shifted slightly so that it is not in the +middle of a paragraph. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary S. Peake, by Lewis C. Lockwood + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY S. 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