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+Project Gutenberg's Etext History of Friedrich II of Prussia V 9
+#15 in our series by Thomas Carlyle
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+History of Friedrich II of Prussia V 9
+
+by Thomas Carlyle
+
+March, 2000  [Etext #2109]
+
+
+Project Gutenberg's Etext History of Friedrich II of Prussia V 9
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+Prepared by D.R. Thompson <drthom@ihug.co.nz>
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+
+Carlyle's "History of Friedrich II of Prussia"
+
+
+
+
+BOOK IX.
+
+LAST STAGE OF FRIEDRICH'S APPRENTICESHIP:
+LIFE IN RUPPIN.
+
+1732-1736.
+
+Chapter I.
+
+PRINCESS ELIZABETH CHRISTINA OF BRUNSWICK-BEVERN.
+
+We described the Crown-Prince as intent to comply, especially in
+all visible external particulars, with Papa's will and pleasure;--
+to distingnish himself by real excellence in Commandantship of the
+Regiment Goltz, first of all. But before ever getting into that,
+there has another point risen, on which obedience, equally
+essential, may be still more difficult.
+
+Ever since the grand Catastrophe went off WITHOUT taking
+Friedrich's head along with it, and there began to be hopes of
+a pacific settlement, question has been, Whom shall the
+Crown-Prince marry? And the debates about it in the Royal breast
+and in Tobacco-Parliament, and rumors about it in the world at
+large, have been manifold and continual. In the Schulenburg
+Letters we saw the Crown-Prince himself much interested, and
+eagerly inquisitive on that head. As was natural: but it is not in
+the Crown-Prince's mind, it is in the Tobacco-Parliament, and the
+Royal breast as influenced there, that the thing must be decided.
+Who in the world will it be, then? Crown-Prince himself hears now
+of this party, now of that. England is quite over, and the
+Princess Amelia sunk below the horizon. Friedrich himself appears
+a little piqued that Hotham carried his nose so high; that the
+English would not, in those life-and-death circumstances, abate
+the least from their "Both marriages or none,"--thinks they should
+have saved Wilhelmina, and taken his word of honor for the rest.
+England is now out of his head;--all romance is too sorrowfully
+swept out: and instead of the "sacred air-cities of hope" in this
+high section of his history, the young man is looking into the
+"mean clay hamlets of reality," with an eye well recognizing them
+for real. With an eye and heart already tempered to the due
+hardness for them. Not a fortunate result, though it was an
+inevitable one. We saw him flirting with the beautiful wedded
+Wreech; talking to Lieutenant-General Schulenburg about marriage,
+in a way which shook the pipe-clay of that virtuous man. He knows
+he would not get his choice, if he had one; strives not to care.
+Nor does he, in fact, much care; the romance being all out of it.
+He looks mainly to outward advantages; to personal appearance,
+temper, good manners; to "religious principle," sometimes rather
+in the reverse way (fearing an OVERPLUS rather);--but always to
+likelihood of moneys by the match, as a very direct item.
+Ready command of money, he feels, will be extremely desirable in a
+Wife; desirable and almost indispensable, in present straitened
+circumstances. These are the notions of this ill-situated Coelebs.
+
+The parties proposed first and last, and rumored of in Newspapers
+and the idle brains of men, have been very many,-- no limit to
+their numbers; it MAY be anybody: an intending purchaser, though
+but possessed of sixpence, is in a sense proprietor of the whole
+Fair! Through Schulenburg we heard his own account of them, last
+Autumn;--but the far noblest of the lot was hardly glanced at, or
+not at all, on that occasion. The Kaiser's eldest Daughter, sole
+heiress of Austria and these vast Pragmatic-Sanction operations;
+Archduchess Maria Theresa herself,--it is affirmed to have been
+Prince Eugene's often-expressed wish, That the Crown-Prince of
+Prussia should wed the future Empress [Hormayr, <italic>
+Allgemeine Geschichte der neueslen Zeit <end italic> (Wien, 1817),
+i. 13; cited in Preuss, i. 71.] Which would indeed have saved
+immense confusions to mankind! Nay she alone of Princesses,
+beautiful, magnanimous, brave, was the mate for such a Prince,--
+had the Good Fairies been consulted, which seldom happens:--and
+Romance itself might have become Reality in that case: with high
+results to the very soul of this young Prince! Wishes are free:
+and wise Eugene will have been heard, perhaps often, to express
+this wish; but that must have been all. Alas, the preliminaries,
+political, especially religious, are at once indispensable and
+impossible: we have to dismiss that daydream. A Papal-Protestant
+Controversy still exists among mankind; and this is one penalty
+they pay for not having settled it sooner. The Imperial Court
+cannot afford its Archduchess on the terms possible in
+that quarter.
+
+What the Imperial Court can do is, to recommend a Niece of theirs,
+insignificant young Princess, Elizabeth Christina of
+Brunswick-Bevern, who is Niece to the Empress; and may be made
+useful in this way, to herself and us, think the Imperial
+Majesties;--will be a new tie upon the Prussians and the Pragmatic
+Sanction, and keep the Alliance still surer for our Archduchess in
+times coming, think their Majesties. She, it is insinuated by
+Seckendorf in Tobaoco-Parliament; ought not she, Daughter of your
+Majesty's esteemed friend,--modest-minded, innocent young
+Princess, with a Brother already betrothed in your Majesty's
+House,--to be the Lady? It is probable she will.
+
+Did we inform the reader once about Kaiser Karl's young marriage
+adventures; and may we, to remind him, mention them a second time?
+How Imperial Majesty, some five-and-twenty years ago, then only
+King of Spain, asked Princess Caroline of Anspach, who was very
+poor, and an orphan in the world. Who at once refused, declining
+to think of changing her religion on such a score;--and now
+governs England, telegraphing with Walpole, as Queen there
+instead. How Karl, now Imperial Majesty, then King of Spain, next
+applied to Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel; and met with a much better
+reception there. Applied to old Anton Ulrich, reigning Duke, who
+writes big Novels, and does other foolish good-natured things;--
+who persuaded his Grand-daughter that a change to Catholicism was
+nothing in such a case, that he himself should not care in the
+least to change. How the Grand-daughter changed accordingly, went
+to Barcelona, and was wedded;--and had to dun old Grandpapa,
+"Why don't you change, then?" Who did change thereupon; thinking
+to himself, "Plague on it I must, then!" the foolish old Herr.
+He is dead; and his Novels, in six volumes quarto, are all dead:
+and the Grand-daughter is Kaiserinn, on those terms, a serene
+monotonous well-favored Lady, diligent in her Catholic exercises;
+of whom I never heard any evil, good rather, in her eminent serene
+position. Pity perhaps that she had recommended her Niece for this
+young Prussian gentleman; whom it by no means did "attach to the
+Family" so very careful about him at Vienna! But if there lay a
+sin, and a punishment following on it, here or elsewhere, in her
+Imperial position, surely it is to be charged on foolish old Anton
+Ulrich; not on her, poor Lady, who had never coveted such height,
+nor durst for her soul take the leap thitherward, till the serene
+old literary gentleman showed her how easy it was.
+
+Well, old Anton Ulrich is long since dead, [1714, age 70. Huber,
+t. 190.] and his religious accounts are all settled beyond cavil;
+and only the sad duty devolves on me of explaining a little what
+and who his rather insipid offspring are, so far as related to
+readers of this History. Anton Ulrich left two sons; the elder of
+whom was Duke, and the younger had an Apanage, Blankenburg by
+name. Only this younger had children,--serene Kaiserinn that now
+is, one of them: The elder died childless, [1731, Michaelis,
+i. 132.] precisely a few months before the times we are now got
+to; reigning Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, ["Welf-BOOTHS"
+(Hunted Camp of the Welfs), according to Etymology. "Brunswick,"
+again, is BRAUN'S-Wick; "Braun" (Brown) being an old militant Welf
+in those parts, who built some lodge for himself, as a convenience
+there,--Year 880, say the uncertain old Books. Hubner, t. 149;
+Michaelis, &c.] all but certain Apanages, and does not concern us
+farther. To that supreme dignity the younger has now come, and his
+Apanage of Blankenburg and children with him;--so that there is
+now only one outstanding Apanage (Bevern, not known to us yet);
+which also will perhaps get reunited, if we cared for it.
+Ludwig Rudolf is the name of this new sovereign Duke of
+Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, or Duke in chief; age now sixty; has a
+shining, bustling, somewhat irregular Duchess, says Wilhelmina;
+and a nose--or rather almost no nose, for sad reasons!
+[Wilhelmina, ii. 121.] Other qualities or accidents I know not of
+him,--except that he is Father of the Vienna Kaiserinn;
+Grandfather of the Princess whom Seckendorf suggests for our
+Friedrich of Prussia.
+
+In Ludwig Rudolf's insipid offspring our readers are unexpectedly
+somewhat interested; let readers patiently attend, therefore.
+He had three Daughters, never any son. Two of his Daughters,
+eldest and youngest, are alive still; the middle one had a sad
+fate long ago. She married, in 1711, Alexius the Czarowitz of
+Peter the Great: foolish Czarowitz, miserable and making others
+miserable, broke her heart by ill conduct, ill usage, in four
+years; so that she died; leaving him only a poor small Peter II.,
+who is now dead too, and that matter ended all but the memory of
+it. Some accounts bear, that she did not die; that she only
+pretended it, and ran and left her intolerable Czarowitz. That she
+wedded, at Paris, in deep obscurity, an Officer just setting out
+for Louisiana; lived many years there as a thrifty soldier's wife;
+returned to Paris with her Officer reduced to half-pay; and told
+him--or told some select Official person after him, under
+seven-fold oath, being then a widow and necessitous--her sublime
+secret. Sublime secret, which came thus to be known to a supremely
+select circle at Paris; and was published in Books, where one
+still reads it. No vestige of truth in it,--except that perhaps
+a necessitous soldier's widow at Paris, considering of ways and
+means, found that she had some trace of likeness to the Pictures
+of this Princess, and had heard her tragic story.
+
+Ludwig Rudolf's second Daughter is dead long years ago; nor has
+this fable as yet risen from her dust. Of Ludwig Rudolf's other
+two Daughters, we have said that one, the eldest, was the
+Kaiserinn; Empress Elizabeth Christina, age now precisely forty;
+with two beautiful Daughters, sublime Maria Theresa the elder of
+them, and no son that would live. Which last little circumstance
+has caused the Pragmatic Sanction, and tormented universal Nature
+for so many years back! Ludwig Rudolf has a youngest Daughter,
+also married, and a Mother in Germany,--to this day conspicuously
+so;--of whom next, or rather of her Husband and Family-circle, we
+must say a word.
+
+Her Husband is no other than the esteemed Friend of Friedrich
+Wilhelm; Duke of Brunswick-Bevern, by title; who, as a junior
+branch, lives on the Apanage of Bevern, as his Father did; but is
+sure now to inherit the sovereignty and be Duke of
+Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel at large, he or his Sons, were the present
+incumbent, Ludwig Rudolf, once out. Present incumbent, we have
+just intimated, is his Father-in-law; but it is not on that ground
+that he looks to inherit. He is Nephew of old Anton Ulrich, Son of
+a younger Brother (who was also "Bevern" in Anton's time); and is
+the evident Heir-male; old Anton being already fallen into the
+distaff, with nothing but three Grand-daughters. Anton's heir will
+now be this Nephew; Nephew has wedded one of the Grand-daughters,
+youngest of the Three, youngest Daughter of Ludwig Rudolf,
+Sovereign Duke that now is; which Lady, by the family she brought
+him, if no otherwise, is memorable or mentionable here, and may be
+called, a Mother in Germany.
+[ANTON ULRICH (1833-1714). Duke in Chief; that is, Duke of
+Brunswick-WOLFENBUTTEL.
+  AUGUST WILHELM, elder Son and Heir (1662, 1714, 1731); had no
+  children.
+  LUDWIG RUDOLF, the younger Son (1671, 1731, 1735), apanagad in
+  Blankenburg: Duke of Brunswick-BLANKENBURG; became WOLFENBUTTEL.
+  1731, died , 1st March, 1735. No Son; so that now the Bevern
+  succeeded. Three Daughters:
+    Elizabeth Christina, the Kaiserinn (1691, 1708, 1750).
+    Charlotte Christina (1694, 1711, 1715), Alexius of Russia's,
+    had a FABULOUS end.
+    Antoinette Amelia (1695, 1712, 1762); Bevern's Wife,--a
+    "Mother in Germany."
+FERDINAND ALBERT (1636-1687), his younger Brother apanaged in
+Bevern; that is, Duke of Brunswick-BEVERN.
+  FERDINAND ALBERT, eldest Son (an elder had perished, 1704, on
+  the Schellenberg under Marlborough), followed in Bevern (1680,
+  1687-1704, 1735); Kaiser's soldier, Friedrich Wilhelm's friend;
+  married his Cousin, Antoinette Amelia ("Mother in Germany," as
+  we call her). Duke in Chief, 1st March, 1785, on Ludwig Rudolf's
+  decease; died himself, 3d September same year.
+    BORN 1713, Karl the Heir (to marry our Friedrich's Sister).
+    1714, Anton Ulrich (Russia; tragedy of Czar Iwan).
+    1715, 8th November, Elizabeth Christina (Crown Prince's).
+    1718, Ludwig Ernst (Holland, 1787).
+    1721, Ferdinand (Chatham's and England's) of the Seven Years
+    War.
+    1722, 1724, 1725, 1732, Four others; Boys the youngest Two,
+    who were both killed in Friedrich's Wars.]
+
+Father Bevern her Husband, Ferdinand Albert the name of him, is
+now just fifty, only ten years younger than his serene Father-in-
+law, Ludwig Rudolf:--whom, I may as well say here, he does at last
+succeed, three years hence (1735) and becomes Duke of Brunswick in
+General, according to hope; but only for a few months, having
+himself died that same year. Poor Duke; rather a good man, by all
+the accounts I could hear; though not of qualities that shone.
+He is at present "Duke of Brunswick-Bevern,"--such his actual
+nomenclature in those ever-fluctuating Sibyl's-leaves of German
+History-Books, Wilhelmina's and the others;--expectant Duke of
+Brunswick in General; much a friend of Friedrich Wilhelm. A kind
+of Austrian soldier he was formerly, and will again be for brief
+times; General-Feldmarschall so styled; but is not notable in War,
+nor otherwise at all, except for the offspring he had by this
+serene Spouse of his. Insipid offspring, the impatient reader
+says; but permits me to enumerate one or two of them:--
+
+  1. Karl, eldest Son; who is sure to be Brunswick in General;
+who is betrothed to Princess Charlotte of Prussia,--"a satirical
+creature, she, fonder of my Prince than of him," Wilhelmina
+thinks. The wedding nevertheless took effect. Brunswick in General
+duly fell in, first to the Father; then, in a few months more, to
+Karl with his Charlotte: and from them proceeded, in due time,
+another Karl, of whom we shall hear in this History;--and of whom
+all the world heard much in the French Revolution Wars; in 1792,
+and still more tragically afterwards. Shot, to death or worse, at
+the Battle of Jena, October, 1806; "battle lost before it was
+begun,"--such the strategic history they give of it.
+He peremptorily ordered the French Revolution to suppress itself;
+and that was the answer the French Revolution made him. From this
+Karl, what NEW Queens Caroline of England and portentous Dukes of
+Brunswick, sent upon their travels through the anarchic world,
+profitable only to Newspapers, we need not say!--
+  2. Anton Ulrich; named after his august Great-Grandfather;
+does not write novels like him. At present a young gentleman of
+eighteen; goes into Russia before long, hoping to beget Czars;
+which issues dreadfully for himself and the potential Czars he
+begot. The reader has heard of a potential "Czar Iwan," violently
+done to death in his room, one dim moonlight night of 1764, in the
+Fortress of Schlusselburg, middle of Lake Ladoga; misty moon
+looking down on the stone battlements, on the melancholy waters,
+aud saying nothing.--But let us not anticipate.
+  3. Elizabeth Christina; to us more important than any of them.
+Namesake of the Kaiserinn, her august Aunt; age now seventeen;
+insipid fine-complexioned young lady, who is talked of for the
+Bride of our Crown-Prince. Of whom the reader will hear more.
+Crown-Prince fears she is "too religious,"--and will have "CAGOTS"
+about her (solemn persons in black, highly unconscious how little
+wisdom they have), who may be troublesome.
+  4. A merry young Boy, now ten, called Ferdinand; with whom
+England within the next thirty years will ring, for some time,
+loud enough: the great "Prince Ferdinand" himself,--under whom the
+Marquis of Granby and others became great; Chatham superintending
+it. This really was a respectable gentleman, and did considerable
+things,--a Trismegistus in comparison with the Duke of Cnmberland
+whom he succeeded. A cheerful, singularly polite, modest,
+well-conditioned man withal. To be slightly better known to us,
+if we live. He at present is a Boy of ten, chasing the
+thistle's beard.
+  5. Three other sons, all soldiers, two of them younger than
+Ferdinand; whose names were in the gazettes down to a late
+period;--whom we shall ignore in this place. The last of them was
+marched out of Holland, where he had long been Commander-in-chief
+on rather Tory principles, in the troubles of 1787. Others of them
+we shall see storming forward on occasion, valiantly meeting death
+in the field of fight, all conspicuously brave of character;
+but this shall be enough of them at present.
+
+It is of these that Ludwig Rudolf's youngest daughter, the serene
+Ferdinand Albert's wife, is Mother in Germany; highly conspicuous
+in their day. If the question is put, it must be owned they are
+all rather of the insipid type. Nothing but a kind of albuminous
+simplicity noticeable in them; no wit, originality, brightness in
+the way of uttered intellect. If it is asked, How came they to the
+least distinction in this world?--the answer is not immediately
+apparent. But indeed they are Welf of the Welfs, in this respect
+as in others. One asks, with increased wonder, noticing in the
+Welfs generally nothiug but the same albuminous simplicity, and
+poverty rather than opulence of uttered intellect, or of qualities
+that shine, How the Welfs came to play such a part, for the last
+thousand years, and still to be at it, in conspicuous places?
+Reader, I have observed that uttered intellect is not what
+permanently makes way, but unuttered. Wit, logical brilliancy,
+spiritual effulgency, true or FALSE,--how precious to idle
+mankind, and to the Newspapers and History-Books, even when it is
+false: while, again, Nature and Practical Fact care next to
+nothing for it in comparison, even when it is true! Two silent
+qualities you will notice in these Welfs, modern and ancient;
+which Nature much values: FIRST, consummate human Courage;
+a noble, perfect, and as it were unconscious superiority to fear.
+And then SECONDLY, much weight of mind, a noble not too conscious
+Sense of what is Right and Not-Right, I have found in some of
+them;--which means mostly WEIGHT, or good gravitation, good
+observance of the perpendicular; and is called justice, veracity,
+high-honor, and other such names. These are fine qualities indeed,
+especially with an "albuminous simplicity" as vehicle to them.
+If the Welfs had not much articulate intellect, let us guess they
+made a good use, not a bad or indifferent, as is commoner, of what
+they had.
+
+
+WHO HIS MAJESTY'S CHOICE IS; AND WHAT THE CROWN-PRINCE THINKS OF IT.
+
+Princess Elizabeth Christina, the insipid Brunswick specimen,
+backed by Seckendorf and Vienna, proves on consideration the
+desirable to Friedrich Wilhelm in this matter. But his Son's
+notions, who as yet knows her only by rumor, do not go that way.
+Insipidity, triviality; the fear of "CAGOTAGE" and frightful
+fellows in black supremely unconscious what blockheads they are,
+haunts him a good deal. And as for any money coming,--her sublime
+Aunt the Kaiserinn never had much ready money; one's resources on
+that side are likely to be exiguous. He would prefer the Princess
+of Mecklenburg, Semi-Russian Catharine or Anna, of whom we have
+heard; would prefer the Princess of Eisenach (whose name he does
+not know rightly); thinks there are many Princesses preferable.
+Most of all he would prefer, what is well known of him in
+Tobacco-Parliament, but known to be impossible, this long while
+back, to go upon a round of travel,--as for instance the Prince of
+Lorraine is now doing,--and look about him a little.
+
+These candid considerations the Crown-Prince earnestly suggests to
+Grumkow, and the secret committee of Tobacco-Parliament;
+earnestly again and again, in his Correspondence with that
+gentleman, which goes on very brisk at present. "Much of it lost,"
+we hear;--but enough, and to spare, is saved! Not a beautiful
+correspondence: the tone of it shallow, hard of heart; tragically
+flippant, especially on the Crown-Prince's part; now and then even
+a touch of the hypocritical from him, slight touch and not with
+will: alas, what can the poor young man do? Grumkow--whose ground,
+I think, is never quite so secure since that Nosti business--
+professes ardent attachment to the real interests of the Prince;
+and does solidly advise him of what is feasible, what not, in
+head-quarters; very exemplary "attachment;" credible to what
+length, the Prince well enough knows. And so the Correspondence is
+unbeautiful; not very descriptive even,--for poor Friedrich is
+considerably under mask, while he writes to that address; and of
+Grumkow himself we want no more "description;" and is, in fact, on
+its own score, an avoidable article rather than otherwise;
+though perhaps the reader, for a poor involved Crown-Prince's
+sake, will wish an exact Excerpt or two before we quite
+dismiss it.
+
+Towards turning off the Brunswick speculation, or turning on the
+Mecklenburg or Eisenach or any other in its stead, the
+Correspondence naturally avails nothing. Seckendorf has his orders
+from Vienna: Grumkow has his pension,--his cream-bowl duly set,--
+for helping Beckendorf. Though angels pleaded, not in a tone of
+tragic flippancy, but with the voice of breaking hearts, it would
+be to no purpose. The Imperial Majesties have ordered, Marry him
+to Brunswick, "bind him the better to our House in time coming;"
+nay the Royal mind at Potsdam gravitates, of itself, that way,
+after the first hint is given. The Imperial will has become the
+Paternal one; no answer but obedience. What Grumkow can do will
+be, if possible, to lead or drive the Crown-Prince into obeying
+smoothly, or without breaking of harness again. Which,
+accordingly, is pretty much the sum of his part in this unlovely
+Correspondence: the geeho-ing of an expert wagoner, who has got a
+fiery young Arab thoroughly tied into his dastard sand-cart, and
+has to drive him by voice, or at most by slight crack of whip;
+and does it. Can we hope, a select specimen or two of these
+Documents, not on Grumkow's part, or for Grumkow's unlovely sake,
+may now be acceptable to the reader? A Letter or two picked from
+that large stock, in a legible state, will show us Father and Son,
+and how that tragic matter went on, better than description could.
+
+Papa's Letters to the Crown-Prince during that final Custrin
+period,--when Carzig and Himmelstadt were going on, and there was
+such progress in Economics, are all of hopeful ruggedly
+affectionate tenor; and there are a good few of them:
+style curiously rugged, intricate, headlong; and a strong
+substance of sense and worth tortuously visible everywhere.
+Letters so delightful to the poor retrieved Crown-Prince then and
+there; and which are still almost pleasant reading to
+third-parties, once you introduce grammar and spelling. This is
+one exact specimen; most important to the Prince and us.
+Suddenly, one night, by estafette, his Majesty, meaning nothing
+but kindness, and grateful to Seckendorf and Tobacco-Parliament
+for such an idea, proposes,--in these terms (merely reduced to
+English and the common spelling):--
+
+"TO THE CROWN-PRINCE AT CUSTRIN (from Papa).
+"POTSDAM, 4th February, 1732
+
+"MY DEAR SON FRITZ,--I am very glad you need no more physic. But
+you must have a care of yourself, some days yet, for the severe
+weather; which gives me and everybody colds; so pray be on your
+guard (NEHMET EUCH KUBSCH IN ACHT).
+
+"You know, my dear Son, that when my children are obedient, I love
+them much: so, when you were at Berlin, I from my heart forgave
+you everything; and from that Berlin time, since I saw you, have
+thought of nothing but of your well-being and how to establish
+you,--not in the Army only, but also with a right Step-daughter,
+and so see you married in my lifetime. You may be well persuaded I
+have had the Princesses of Germany taken survey of, so far as
+possible, and examined by trusty people, what their conduct is,
+their education and so on: and so a Princess has been found, the
+Eldest one of Bevern, who is well brought up, modest and retiring,
+as women ought to be.
+
+"You will without delay (CITO) write me your mind on this. I have
+purchased the Von Katsch House; the Feldmarschall," old
+Wartensleben, poor Katte's grandfather, "as Governor" of Berlin,
+"will get that to live in: and his Government House, [Fine enough
+old House, or Palace, built by the Great Elector; given by him to
+Graf Feldmarschall von Schomberg, the "Duke Schomberg" who was
+killed in the Battle of the Boyne: "same House, opposite the
+Arsenal, which belongs now (1855) to his Royal Highness Prince
+Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia." (Preuss, i. 73; and <italic>
+OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvi. 12 n.)] I will have made
+new for you, and furnish it all; and give you enough to keep house
+yourself there; and will command you into the Army, April coming
+[which is quite a subordinate story, your Majesty!].
+
+"The Princess is not ugly, nor beautiful. You must mention it to
+no mortal;--write indeed to Mamma (DER MAMA) that I have written
+to you. And when you shall have a Son, I will let you go on your
+Travels,--wedding, however, cannot be before winter next.
+Meanwhile I will try aud contrive opportunity that you see one
+another, a few times, in all honor, yet so that you get acquainted
+with her. She is a God-fearing creature (GOTTESFURCHTIGES MENSCH),
+which is all in all; will suit herself to you [be COMPORTABLE to
+you] as she does to the Parents-in-law.
+
+"God give his blessing to it; and bless You and your Posterity,
+and keep Thee as a good Christian. And have God always before your
+eyes;--and don't believe that damnable PARTICULAR tenet
+[Predestination]; and be obedient and faithful: so shall it, here
+in Time and there in Eternity, go well with thee;--and whoever
+wishes that from the heart, let him say Amen.
+
+"Your true Father to the death,
+
+"FRIEDRICH WILHELM.
+
+
+"When the Duke of Lorraine comes, I will have thee come. I think
+thy Bride will be here then. Adieu; God be with you." [<italic>
+OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvii, part 3d, p. 55.]
+
+This important Missive reached Custrin, by estafette, that same
+midnight, 4th-5th February; when Wolden, "Hofmarschall of the
+Prince's Court" (titular Goldstick there, but with abundance of
+real functions laid on him), had the honor to awaken the
+Crown-Prince into the joy of reading. Crown-Prince instantly
+despatched, by another estafette, the requisite responses to Papa
+and Mamma,--of which Wolden does not know the contents at all, not
+he, the obsequious Goldstick;--but doubtless they mean "Yes,"
+Crown-Prince appearing so overjoyed at this splendid evidence of
+Papa's love, as the Goldstick could perceive. [Wolden's LETTER to
+Friedrich Wilhelm, "5th February, 1732:" in Preuss, ii. part 2d
+(or URKUNDENOUCH), p. 206. Mamma's answer to the message brought
+her by this return estafette, a mere formal VERY-WELL, written
+from the fingers outward, exists (<italic> OEuvres, <end italic>
+xxvi. 65); the rest have happily vanished.]
+
+What the Prince's actual amount of joy was, we shall learn better
+from the following three successive utterances of his,
+confidentially despatched to Grumkow in the intermediate days,
+before Berlin or this "Duke of Lorraine" (whom our readers and the
+Crown-Prince are to wait upon), with actual sight of Papa and the
+Intended, came in course. Grumkow's Letters to the Crown-Prince in
+this important interval are not extant, nor if they were could we
+stand them: from the Prince's Answers it will be sufficiently
+apparent what the tenor of them was. Utterance first is about a
+week after that of the estafette at midnight:--
+
+TO GENERAL FELDMARSCHALL VON GRUMKOW, AT POTSDAM
+(from the Crown-Prince).
+
+"CUSTRIN, 11th February, 1732.
+
+"MY DEAR GENERAL AND FRIEND,--I was charmed to learn by your
+Letter that my affairs are on so good a footing [Papa so well
+satisfied with my professions of obedience]; and you may depend on
+it I am docile to follow your advice. I will lend myself to
+whatever is possible for me; and provided I can secure the King's
+favor by my obedience, I will do all that is within my power.
+
+"Nevertheless, in making my bargain with the Duke of Bevern,
+manage that the CORPUS DELICTI [my Intended] be brought up under
+her Grandmother [Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Ludwig
+Rudolf's Spouse, an airy coquettish Lady,--let her be the tutoress
+and model of my Intended, O General]. For I should prefer being
+made a"--what shall we say? by a light wife,--"or to serve under
+the haughty FONTANGE [Species of topknot; so named from Fontange,
+an unfortunate female of Louis Fourteenth's, who invented the
+ornament.] of my Spouse [as Ludwig Rudolf does, by all accounts],
+than to have a blockhead who would drive me mad by her
+ineptitudes? and whom I should be ashamed to produce.
+
+"I beg you labor at this affair. When one hates romance heroines
+as heartily as I do, one dreads those 'virtues' of the ferocious
+type [LES VERTUS FAROUCHES, so terribly aware that they are
+virtuous]; and I had rather marry the greatest--[unnamable]--in
+Berlin, than a devotee with half a dozen ghastly hypocrites
+(CAGOTS) at her beck. If it were still MOGLICH [possible, in
+German] to make her Calvinist [REFORMEE; our Court-Creed, which
+might have an allaying tendency, and at least would make her go
+with the stream]? But I doubt that:--I will insist, however, that
+her Grandmother have the training of her. What you can do to help
+in this, my dear Friend, I am persuaded you will do.
+
+"It afflicted me a little that the King still has doubts of me,
+while I am obeying in such a matter, diametrically opposite to my
+own ideas. In what way shall I offer stronger proofs? I may give
+myself to the Devil, it will be to no purpose; nothing but the old
+song over again, doubt on doubt.--Don't imagine I am going to
+disoblige the Duke, the Duchess or the Daughter, I beseech you!
+I know too well what is due to them, and too much respect their
+merits, not to observe the strictest rules of what is proper,--
+even if I hated their progeny and them like the pestilence.
+
+"I hope to speak to you with open heart at Berlin.--You may think,
+too, how I shall be embarrassed, having to do the AMOROSO perhaps
+without being it, and to take an appetite for mute ugliness,--for
+I don't much trust Count Seckendorf's taste in this article,"--in
+spite of his testimonies in Tobacco-Parliament and elsewhere.
+"Monsieur! Once more, get this Princess to learn by heart the
+ECOLE DES MARIS and the ECOLE DES FEMMES; that will do her much
+more good than TRUE CHRISTIANITY by the late Mr. Arndt! [Johann
+Arndt ("late" this long while back), <italic> Von wahren
+Christenthum, <end italic> Magdeburg, 1610.] If, besides, she would
+learn steadiness of humor (TOUJOURS DANSER SUR UN PIED), learn
+music; and, NOTA BENE, become rather too free than too virtuous,--
+ah then, my dear General, then I should feel some liking for her,
+and a Colin marrying a Phyllis, the couple would be in accordance:
+but if she is stupid, naturally I renounce the Devil and her.--
+It is said she has a Sister, who at least has common sense.
+Why take the eldest, if so? To the King it must be all one.
+There is also a Princess Christina Marie of Eisenach [real name
+being Christina WILHELMINA, but no matter], who would be quite my
+fit, and whom I should like to try for. In fine, I mean to come
+soon into your Countries; [Did come, 26th February, as we shall
+see.] and perhaps will say like Caesar, VENI, VIDI, VICI." ...
+
+Paragraph of tragic compliments to Grumkow we omit. Letter ends in
+this way:--
+
+"Your Baireuth News is very interesting; I hope, in September next
+[time of a grand problem coming there for Wilhelmina], my Sister
+will recover her first health. If I go travelling, I hope to have
+the consolation of seeing her for a fortnight or three weeks;
+I love her more than my life; and for all my obediences to the
+King, surely I shall deserve that recompense. The diversions for
+the Duke of Lorraine are very well schemed; but"--but what mortal
+can now care about them? Close, and seal. [Forster, iii. 160-162;
+<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xvi, 37-39.]
+
+As to this Duke of Lorraine just coming, he is Franz Stephan, a
+pleasant young man of twenty-five, son of that excellent Duke
+Leopold Joseph, whom young Lyttelton of Hagley was so taken with,
+while touring in those parts in the Congress-of-Soissons time.
+Excellent Duke Leopold Joseph is since dead; and this Franz has
+succeeded to him,--what succession there was; for Lorraine as a
+Dukedom has its neck under the foot of France this great while,
+and is evidently not long for this world. Old Fleury, men say, has
+his eye upon it. And in fact it was, as we shall see, eaten up by
+Fleury within four years' time; and this Franz proved the last of
+all the Dukes there. Let readers notice him: a man of high destiny
+otherwise, of whom we are to hear much. For ten years past he has
+lived about Vienna, being a born Cousin of that House (Grandmother
+was Kaiser Leopold's own Sister); and it is understood, nay it is
+privately settled he is to marry the transcendent Archduchess,
+peerless Maria Theresa herself; and is to reap, he, the whole
+harvest of that Pragmatic Sanction sown with such travail of the
+Universe at large. May be King of the Romans (which means
+successor to the Kaisership) any day; and actual Kaiser one day.
+
+We may as well say here, he did at length achieve these dignities,
+though not quite in the time or on the terms proposed. King of the
+Romans old Kaiser Karl never could quite resolve to make him,--
+having always hopes of male progeny yet; which never came. For his
+peerless Bride he waited six years still (owing to accidents),
+"attachment mutual all the while;" did then wed, 1738, and was the
+happiest of men and expectant Kaisers:--but found, at length, the
+Pragmatic Sanction to have been a strange sowing of
+dragon's-teeth, and the first harvest reapable from it a world of
+armed men!--For the present he is on a grand Tour, for instruction
+and other objects; has been in England last; and is now getting
+homewards again, to Vienna, across Germany; conciliating the
+Courts as he goes. A pacific friendly eupeptic young man;
+Crown-Prince Friedrich, they say, took much to him in Berlin;
+did not quite swear eternal friendship; but kept up some
+correspondence for a while, and "once sends him a present of
+salmon."--But to proceed with the utterances to Grumkow.
+
+Utterance SECOND is probably of prior date; but introducible here,
+being an accidental Fragment, with the date lost:--
+
+TO THE FELDMARSCHALL VON GRUMKOW (from the Crown-Prince; exact date lost).
+
+"... As to what you tell me of the Princess of Mecklenburg," for
+whom they want a Brandenburg Prince,--"could not I marry her?
+Let her come into this Country, and think no more of Russia:
+she would have a dowry of two or three millions of roubles,--only
+fancy how I could live with that! I think that project might
+succeed. The Princess is Lutheran; perhaps she objects to go into
+the Greek Church?--I find none of these advantages in this
+Princess of Bevern; who, as many people, even of the Duke's Court,
+say, is not at all beautiful, speaks almost nothing, and is given
+to pouting (FAISANT LA FACHEE). The good Kaiserinn has so little
+herself, that the sums she could afford her Niece would be very
+moderate." [Fragment given in <italic> Sechendorfs Leben, <end
+italic> iii. 249 u.]
+
+"Given to pouting," too! No, certainly; your Insipidity of
+Brunswick, without prospects of ready money; dangerous for
+CAGOTAGE; "not a word to say for herself in company, and given to
+pouting:" I do not reckon her the eligible article!--
+
+Seckendorf, Schulenburg, Grumkow and all hands are busy in this
+matter: geeho-ing the Crown-Prince towards the mark set before
+him. With or without explosion, arrive there he must; other goal
+for him is none!--In the mean while, it appears, illustrious Franz
+of Lorraine, coming on, amid the proper demonstrations, through
+Magdeburg and the Prussian Towns, has caught some slight illness
+and been obliged to pause; so that Berlin cannot have the
+happiness of seeing him quite so soon as it expected. The high
+guests invited to meet Duke Franz, especially the high Brunswicks,
+are already there. High Brunswicks, Bevern with Duchess, and still
+more important, with Son and with Daughter:--insipid CORPUS
+DELICTI herself has appeared on the scene; and Grumkow, we find,
+has been writing some description of her to the Crown-Prince.
+Description of an unfavorable nature; below the truth, not above
+it, to avert disappointment, nay to create some gleam of inverse
+joy, when the actual meeting occurs. That is his art in driving
+the fiery little Arab ignominiously yoked to him; and it is clear
+he has overdone it, for once. This is Friedrich's THIRD utterance
+to him; much the most emphatic there is:--
+
+TO THE GENERAL FELDMARSCHALL VON GRUMKOW.
+
+"CUSTRIN, 19th February, 1732.
+
+"Judge, my dear General, if I can have been much charmed with the
+description you give of the abominable object of my desires!
+For the love of God, disabuse the King in regard to her [show him
+that she is a fool, then]; and let him remember well that fools
+commonly are the most obstinate of creatures.
+
+"Some months ago he wrote a Letter to Walden," the obsequious
+Goldstick, "of his giving me the choice of several Princesses:
+I hope he will not give himself the lie in that. I refer you
+entirely to the Letter, which Schulenburg will have delivered,"--
+little Schulenburg called here, in passing your way; all hands
+busy. "For there is no hope of wealth, no reasoning, nor chance of
+fortune that could change my sentiment as expressed there [namely,
+that I will not have her, whatever become of me]; and miserable
+for miserable, it is all one! Let the King but think that it is
+not for himself that he is marrying me, but for MYself; nay he too
+will have a thousand chagrins, to see two persons hating one
+another, and the miserablest marriage in the world;--to hear their
+mutual complaints, which will be to him so many reproaches for
+having fashioned the instrument of our yoke. As a good Christian,
+let him consider, If it is well done to wish to force people;
+to cause divorces, and to be the occasion of all the sins that an
+ill-assorted marriage leads us to commit! I am determined to front
+everything in the world sooner: and since things are so, you may
+in some good way apprise the Duke" of Bevern "that, happen what
+may, I never will have her.
+
+"I have been unfortunate (MALHEUREUX) all my life; and I think it
+is my destiny to continue so. One must be patient, and take the
+time as it comes. Perhaps a sudden tract of good fortune, on the
+back of all the chagrins I have made profession of ever since I
+entered this world, would have made me too proud. In a word,
+happen what will, I have nothing to reproach myself with. I have
+suffered sufficiently for an exaggerated crime [that of
+"attempting to desert;"--Heavens!]--and I will not engage myself
+to extend my miseries (CHAGRINS) into future times. I have still
+resources:--a pistol-shot can deliver me from my sorrows and my
+life: and I think a merciful God would not damn me for that;
+but, taking pity on me, would, in exchange for a life of
+wretchedness, grant me salvation. This is whitherward despair can
+lead a young person, whose blood is not so quiescent as if he were
+seventy. I have a feeling of myself, Monsieur; and perceive that,
+when one hates the methods of force as much as I, our boiling
+blood will carry us always towards extremities.
+
+... "If there are honest people in the world, they must think how
+to save me from one of the most perilous passages I have ever been
+in. I waste myself in gloomy ideas; I fear I shall not be able to
+hide my grief, on coming to Berlin. This is the sad state I am
+in;--but it will never make me change from being,"--surely to an
+excessive degree, the illustrious Grumkow's most &c. &c.
+
+"FRIDERIC."
+
+"I have received a Letter from the King; all agog (BIEN COIFFE)
+about the Princess. I think I may still finish the week here.
+[26th, did arrive in Berlin: Preuss (in <italic> OEuvres, <end
+italic> xxvii. part 3d, p. 58 n).] When his first fire of
+approbation is spent, you might, praising her all the while, lead
+him to notice her faults. Mon Dieu, has he not already seen what
+an ill-assorted marriage comes to,--my Sister of Anspach and her
+Husband, who hate one another like the fire! He has a thousand
+vexations from it every day. ... And what aim has the King? If it
+is to assure himself of me, that is not the way. Madam of Eisenach
+might do it; but a fool not (POINT UNE BETE);--on the contrary, it
+is morally impossible to love the cause of our misery. The King is
+reasonable; and I am persuaded he will understand this himself."
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xvi. 41, 42.]
+
+Very passionate pleading; but it might as well address itself to
+the east-winds. Have east-winds a heart, that they should feel
+pity? JARNI-BLEU, Herr Feldzeugmeister,--only take care he don't
+overset things again!
+
+Grumkow, in these same hours, is writing a Letter to the Prince,
+which we still have, [Ib. xvi. 43.] How charmed his Majesty is at
+such obedience; "shed tears of joy," writes Grumkow, "and said it
+was the happiest day of his life." Judge Grumkow's feelings soon
+after, on this furious recalcitration breaking out! Grumkow's
+Answer, which also we still have [Ib. xvi. pp. 44-46.] is
+truculence itself in a polite form:--horror-struck as a Christian
+at the suicide notion, at the--in fact at the whole matter;
+and begs, as a humble individual, not wishful of violent death and
+destruction upon self and family, to wash his poor hands of it
+altogether. Dangerous for the like of him; "interfering between
+Royal Father and Royal Son of such opposite humors, would break
+the neck of any man," thinks Grumkow; and sums up with this pithy
+reminiscence: "I remember always what, the King said to me at
+Wusterhausen, when your Royal Highness lay prisoner in the Castle
+of Custrin, and I wished to take your part: <italic> 'Nein
+Grumkow, denket an diese Stelle, Gott gebe dass ich nicht wahr
+rede, aber mein Sohn stirbt nicht eines naturlichen Todes;
+und Gott gebe dass er nicht unter Henkers Hande komme. <end
+italic> No, Grumkow, think of what I now tell you: God grant it do
+not come true,--but my Son won't die a natural death; God grant he
+do not come into the Hangman's hands yet!' I shuddered at these
+words, and the King repeated them twice to me: that is true, or
+may I never see God's face, or have part in the merits of our
+Lord."--The Crown-Prince's "pleadings" may fitly terminate here.
+
+
+DUKE OF LORRAINE ARRIVES IN POTSDAM AND IN BERLIN.
+
+Saturday, 23d February, 1732, his Serene Highness of Lorraine did
+at length come to hand. Arrived in Potsdam that day; where the two
+Majesties, with the Serene Beverns, with the Prince Alexander of
+Wurtemberg, and the other high guests, had been some time in
+expectation. Suitable persons invited for the occasion: Bevern, a
+titular Austrian Feldmarschall; Prince Alexander of Wurtemberg, an
+actual one (poor old Eberhard Ludwig's Cousin, and likely to be
+Heir there soon); high quasi-Austrian Serenities;--not to mention
+Schulenburg and others officially related to Austria, or
+acquainted with it. Nothing could be more distinguished than the
+welcome of Duke Franz; and the things he saw and did, during his
+three weeks' visit, are wonderful to Fassmann and the extinct
+Gazetteers. Saw the Potsdam Giants do their "EXERCITIA,"
+transcendent in perfection; had a boar-hunt; "did divine service
+in the Potsdam Catholic Church; "--went by himself to Spandau, on
+the Tuesday (26th), where all the guns broke forth, and dinner was
+ready: King, Queen and Party having made off for Berlin, in the
+interim, to be ready for his advent there "in the evening about,
+five." Majesties wait at Berlin, with their Party,--among whom,
+say the old Newspapers, "is his Royal Highness the Crown-Prince:"
+Crown-Prince just come in from Custrin; just blessed with the
+first sight of his Charmer, whom he finds perceptibly less
+detestable than he expected.
+
+Serene Highness of Lorraine arrived punctually at five, with
+outburst of all the artilleries and hospitalities; balls, soirees,
+EXERCITIA of the Kleist Regiment, of the Gerns-d'Armes;
+dinners with Grumkow, dinners with Seckendorf, evening party with
+the Margravine Philip (Margravine in high colors);--one scenic
+miracle succeeding another, for above a fortnight to come.
+
+The very first spectacle his Highness saw, a private one, and of
+no intense interest to him, we shall mention here for our own
+behoof. "An hour after his arrival the Duke was carried away to
+his Excellency Herr Creutz the Finance-Minister's; to attend a
+wedding there, along with his Majesty. Wedding of Excellency
+Creutz's only Daughter to the Herr HOFJAGERMEISTER von Hacke."--
+HOFJAGERMEISTER (Master of the Hunt), and more specifically
+Captain Hacke, of the Potsdam Guard or Giant regiment, much and
+deservedly a favorite with his Majesty. Majesty has known, a long
+while, the merits military and other of this Hacke; a valiant
+expert exact man, of good stature, good service among the Giants
+and otherwise, though not himself gigantic; age now turned of
+thirty;--and unluckily little but his pay to depend on. Majesty,
+by way of increment to Hacke, small increment on the pecuniary
+side, has lately made him "Master of the Hunt;" will, before long,
+make him Adjutant-General, and his right-hand man in Army matters,
+were he only rich;--has, in the mean while, made this excellent
+match for him; which supplies that defect. Majesty was the making
+of Creutz himself; who is grown very rich, and has but one
+Daughter: "Let Hacke have her!" his Majesty advised;--and snatches
+off the Duke of Lorraine to see it done. [Fassmann, p. 430.]
+
+Did the reader ever hear of Finance-Minister Creutz, once a poor
+Regiment's Auditor, when his Majesty, as yet Crown-Prince, found
+talent in him? Can readers fish up from their memory, twenty years
+back, anything of a terrific Spectre walking in the Berlin Palace,
+for certain nights, during that "Stralsund Expedition" or famed
+Swedish-War time, to the terror of mankind? Terrific Spectre,
+thought to be in Swedish pay,--properly a spy Scullion, in a small
+concern of Grumkow VERSUS Creutz? [Antea, vol. v. pp. 356-358;
+Wilhelmina.] This is the same Creutz; of whom we have never spoken
+more, nor shall again, now that his rich Daughter is well married
+to Hacke, a favorite of his Majesty's and ours. It was the Duke's
+first sight in Berlin; February 26th; prologue to the flood of
+scenic wonders there.
+
+But perhaps the wonderfulest thing, had he quite understood it,
+was that of the 10th March, which he was invited to.
+Last obligation laid upon the Crown-Prince, "to bind him to the
+House of Austria," that evening. Of which take this account,
+external and internal, from authentic Documents in our hand.
+
+
+BETROTHAL OF THE CROWN-PRINCE TO THE BRUNSWICK CHARMER,
+ NIECE OF IMPERIAL MAJESTY, MONDAY EVENING, 10th MARCH, 1732.
+
+Document FIRST is of an internal nature, from the Prince's own
+hand, written to his Sister four days before:--
+
+TO THE PRINCESS WILHELMINA AT BAIREUTH.
+
+"BERLIN, 6th March, 1732.
+
+"MY DEAREST SISTER,--Next Monday comes my Betrothal, which will be
+done just as yours was. The Person in question is neither
+beautiful nor ugly, not wanting for sense, but very ill brought
+up, timid, and totally behind in manners and social behavior
+(MANIERES DU SAVOIR-VIVRE): that is the candid portrait of this
+Princess. You may judge by that, dearest Sister, if I find her to
+my taste or not. The greatest merit she has is that she has
+procured me the liberty of writing to you; which is the one
+solacement I have in your absence.
+
+"You never can believe, my adorable Sister, how concerned I am
+about your happiness; all my wishes centre there, and every moment
+of my life I form such wishes. You may see by this that I preserve
+still that sincere friendship which has united our hearts from our
+tenderest years:--recognize at least, my dear Sister, that you did
+me a sensible wrong when you suspected me of fickleness towards
+you, and believed false reports of my listening to tale-bearers;
+me, who love only you, and whom neither absence nor lying rumors
+could change in respect of you. At least don't again believe such
+things on my score, and never mistrust me till you have had clear
+proof,--or till God has forsaken me, and I have lost my wits.
+And being persuaded that such miseries are not in store to
+overwhelm me, I here repeat how much I love you, and with what
+respect and sincere veneration,--I am and shall be till death, my
+dearest Sister,--Your most humble and faithful Brother and Valet,
+
+FRIDERICH."
+
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part 1st, p. 5] 
+
+That was on the Thursday; Betrothal is on the Monday following.
+Document SECOND is from poor old Fassmann, and quite of external
+nature; which we much abridge:--
+
+"Monday evening, all creatures are in gala, and the Royal
+Apartments upstairs are brilliantly alight; Duke of Lorraine with
+the other high strangers are requested to take their place up
+there, and wait for a short while. Prussian Majesty, Queen and
+Crown-Prince with him, proceeds then, in a solemn official manner,
+to the Durchlaucht of Bevern's Apartment, in a lower floor of the
+Palace; where the Bevern Party, Duke, Duchess, Son and intended
+Charmer are. Prussian Majesty asks the Durchlaucht and Spouse,
+'Whether the Marriage, some time treated of, between that their
+Princess here present, and this his Crown-Prince likewise here, is
+really a thing to their mind?' Serene Spouses answer, to the
+effect, 'Yea, surely, very much!' Upon which they all solemnly
+ascend to the Royal Apartments [upstairs where we have seen
+Wilhelmina dancing before now], where Lorraine, Wurtemberg and the
+other sublimities are in waiting. Lorraine and the sublimities
+form a semicircle; with the two Majesties, and pair of young
+creatures, in the centre. You young creatures, you are of one
+intention with your parents in this matter? Alas, there is no
+doubt of it. Pledge yourselves, then, by exchange of rings! said
+his Majesty with due business brevity. The rings are exchanged:
+Majesty embraces the two young creatures with great tenderness;"
+as do Queen and Serenities; and then all the world takes to
+embracing and congratulating; and so the betrothal is a finished
+thing. Bassoons and violins, striking up, whirl it off in
+universal dancing,--in "supper of above two hundred and sixty
+persons," princely or otherwise sublime in rank, with "spouses
+and noble ladies there" in the due proportion.
+[Fassmann, pp. 432, 433.]
+
+Here is fraction of another Note from the Crown-Prince to his
+Sister at Baireuth, a fortnight after that event:--
+
+BERLIN, 24th MARCH, 1732 (to Princess Wilhelmina).--... "God be
+praised that you are better, dearest Sister! For nobody can love
+you more tenderly than I do.--As to the Princess of Bevern [my
+Betrothed], the Queen [Mamma, whom you have been consulting on
+these etiquettes] bids me answer, That you need not style her
+`Highness,' and that you may write to her quite as to an
+indifferent Princess. As to 'kissing of the hands,' I assure you I
+have not kissed them, nor will kiss them; they are not pretty
+enough to tempt one that way. God long preserve you in perfect
+health! And you, preserve for me always the honor of your good
+graces; and believe, my charming Sister, that never brother in the
+world loved with such tenderness a sister so charming as mine;
+in short, believe, dear Sister, that without compliments, and in
+literal truth, I am yours wholly (TOUT A VOUS),
+
+"FRIDERICH."
+
+[Ib. xxvii. part 1st, p. 5.]
+
+
+This is the Betrothal of the Crown-Prince to an Insipidity of
+Brunswick. Insipidity's private feelings, perhaps of a languidly
+glad sort, are not known to us; Crown-Prince's we have in part
+seen. He has decided to accept his fate without a murmur farther.
+Against his poor Bride or her qualities not a word more. In the
+Schloss of Berlin, amid such tempests of female gossip (Mamma
+still secretly corresponding with England), he has to be very
+reserved, on this head especially. It is understood he did not, in
+his heart, nearly so much dislike the insipid Princess as he
+wished Papa to think he did.
+
+Duke Franz of Lorraine went off above a week ago, on the Saturday
+following the Betrothal; an amiable serene young gentleman, well
+liked by the Crown-Prince and everybody. "He avoided the Saxon
+Court, though passing near it," on his way to old Kur-Mainz;
+"which is a sign," thinks Fassmann, "that mutual matters are on a
+weak footing in that quarter;"--Pragmatic Sanction never accepted
+there, and plenty of intricacies existing. Crown-Prince Friedrich
+may now go to Ruppin and the Regiment Goltz; his business and
+destinies being now all reduced to a steady condition;--steady
+sky, rather leaden, instead of the tempestuous thunder-and-
+lightning weather which there heretofore was. Leaden sky, he, if
+left well to himself, will perhaps brighten a little. Study will
+be possible to him; improvement of his own faculties, at any rate.
+It is much his determination. Outwardly, besides drilling the
+Regiment Goltz, he will have a steady correspondence to keep up
+with his Brunswick Charmer;--let him see that he be not slack
+in that.
+
+
+
+Chapter II.
+
+SMALL INCIDENTS AT RUPPIN.
+
+Friedrich, after some farther pause in Berlin, till things were
+got ready for him, went to Ruppin. This is in the Spring of 1732;
+[Still in Berlin, 6th March; dates from NAUEN (in the Ruppin
+neighborhood) for the first time, 25th April, 1732, among his
+LETTERS yet extant: Preuss, <italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end
+italic> xxvii. part lst, p. 4; xvi. 49.] and he continued to have
+his residence there till August, 1736. Four important years of
+young life; of which we must endeavor to give, in some
+intelligible condition, what traces go hovering about in such
+records as there are.
+
+Ruppin, where lies the main part of the Regiment Goltz, and where
+the Crown-Prince Colonel of it dwells, is a quiet dull, little
+Town, in that northwestern region; inhabitants, grown at this day
+to be 10,000, are perhaps guessable then at 2,000. Regiment Goltz
+daily rolls its drums in Ruppin: Town otherwise lifeless enough,
+except on market-days: and the grandest event ever known in it,
+this removal of the Crown-Prince thither,--which is doubtless much
+a theme, and proud temporary miracle, to Ruppin at present.
+Of society there or in the neighborhood, for such a resident, we
+hear nothing.
+
+Quiet Ruppin stands in grassy flat country, much of which is
+natural moor, and less of it reclaimed at that time than now.
+The environs, except that they are a bit of the Earth, and have a
+bit of the sky over them, do not set up for loveliness.
+Natural woods abound in that region, also peat-bogs not yet
+drained; and fishy lakes and meres, of a dark complexion:
+plenteous cattle there are, pigs among them;--thick-soled
+husbandmen inarticulately toiling and moiling.
+Some glass-furnaces, a royal establishment, are the only
+manufactures we hear of. Not a picturesque country; but a quiet
+and innocent, where work is cut out, and one hopes to be well left
+alone after doing it. This Crown-Prince has been in far less
+desirable localities.
+
+He had a reasonable house, two houses made into one for him, in
+the place. He laid out for himself a garden in the outskirts, with
+what they call a "temple" in it,--some more or less ornamental
+garden-house,--from which I have read of his "letting off rockets"
+in a summer twilight. Rockets to amuse a small dinner-party, I
+should guess,--dinner of Officers, such as he had weekly or twice
+a week. On stiller evenings we can fancy him there in solitude;
+reading meditative, or musically fluting;--looking out upon the
+silent death of Day: how the summer gloaming steals over the
+moorlands, and over all lands; shutting up the toil of mortals;
+their very flocks and herds collapsing into silence, and the big
+Skies and endless Times overarching him and them. With thoughts
+perhaps sombre enough now and then, but profitable if he face
+them piously.
+
+His Father's affection is returning; would so fain return if it
+durst. But the heart of Papa has been sadly torn up: it is too
+good news to be quite believed, that he has a son grown wise, and
+doing son-like! Rumor also is very busy, rumor and the Tobacco-
+Parliament for or against; a little rumor is capable of stirring
+up great storms in the suspicious paternal mind. All along during
+Friedrich's abode at Ruppin, this is a constantly recurring
+weather-symptom; very grievous now and then; not to be guarded
+against by any precaution;--though steady persistence in the
+proper precaution will abate it, and as good as remove it, in
+course of time. Already Friedrich Wilhelm begins to understand
+that "there is much in this Fritz,"--who knows how much, though of
+a different type from Papa's?--and that it will be better if he
+and Papa, so discrepant in type, and ticklishly related otherwise,
+live not too constantly together as heretofore. Which is
+emphatically the Crown-Prince's notion too.
+
+I perceive he read a great deal at Ruppin: what Books I know not
+specially: but judge them to be of more serious solid quality than
+formerly; and that his reading is now generally a kind of studying
+as well. Not the express Sciences or Technologies; not these, in
+any sort,--except the military, and that an express exception.
+These he never cared for, or regarded as the noble knowledges for
+a king or man. History and Moral Speculation; what mankind have
+done and been in this world (so far as "History" will give one any
+glimpse of that), and what the wisest men, poetical or other, have
+thought about mankind and their world: this is what he evidently
+had the appetite for; appetite insatiable, which lasted with him
+to the very end of his days. Fontenelle, Rollin, Voltaire, all the
+then French lights, and gradually others that lay deeper in the
+firmament:--what suppers of the gods one may privately have at
+Ruppin, without expense of wine! Such an opportunity for reading
+he had never had before.
+
+In his soldier business he is punctual, assiduous; having an
+interest to shine that way. And is, in fact, approvable as a
+practical officer and soldier, by the strictest judge then living.
+Reads on soldiering withal; studious to know the rationale of it,
+the ancient and modern methods of it, the essential from
+the unessential in it; to understand it thoroughly,--which he got
+to do. One already hears of conferences, correspondences, with the
+Old Dessauer on this head: "Account of the Siege of Stralsund,"
+with plans, with didactic commentaries, drawn up by that gunpowder
+Sage for behoof of the Crown-Prince, did actually exist, though I
+know not what has become of it. Now and afterwards this Crown-
+Prince must have been a great military reader. From Caesar's
+COMMENTARIES, and earlier, to the Chevalier Folard, and the
+Marquis Feuquiere; [<italic> Memoires sur la Guerre <end italic>
+(specially on the Wars of Louis XIV., in which Feuquiere had
+himself shone): a new Book at this time (Amsterdam, 1731;
+first COMPLETE edition is, Paris, 1770, 4 vols. 4to); at Ruppin,
+and afterwards, a chief favorite with Friedrich.] from Epaminondas
+at Leuctra to Charles XII. at Pultawa, all manner of Military
+Histories, we perceive, are at his finger-ends; and he has
+penetrated into the essential heart of each, and learnt what it
+had to teach him. Something of this, how much we know not, began
+at Ruppin; and it did not end again.
+
+On the whole, Friedrich is prepared to distinguish himself
+henceforth by strictly conforming, in all outward particulars
+possible, to the paternal will, and becoming the most obedient of
+sons. Partly from policy and necessity, partly also from loyalty;
+for he loves his rugged Father, and begins to perceive that there
+is more sense in his peremptory notions than at first appeared.
+The young man is himself rather wild, as we have seen, with plenty
+of youthful petulance and longings after forbidden fruit. And then
+he lives in an element of gossip; his whole life enveloped in a
+vast Dionysius'-Ear, every word and action liable to be debated in
+Tobacco-Parliament. He is very scarce of money, too, Papa's
+allowance being extremely moderate, "not above 6,000 thalers (900
+pounds)," says Seckendorf once. [Forster, iii. 114 (Seckendorf to
+Prince Eugene).] There will be contradictions enough to settle:
+caution, silence, every kind of prudence will be much
+recommendable.
+
+In all outward particulars the Crown-Prince will conform; in the
+inward, he will exercise a judgment, and if he cannot conform,
+will at least be careful to hide. To do his Commandant duties at
+Ruppin, and avoid offences, is much his determination. We observe
+he takes great charge of his men's health; has the Regiment Goltz
+in a shiningly exact condition at the grand reviews;--is very
+industrious now and afterwards to get tall recruits, as a dainty
+to Papa. Knows that nothing in Nature is so sure of conciliating
+that strange old gentleman; corresponds, accordingly, in distant
+quarters; lays out, now and afterwards, sums far too heavy for his
+means upon tall recruits for Papa. But it is good to conciliate in
+that quarter, by every method, and at every expense;--Argus of
+Tobacco-Parliament still watching one there; and Rumor needing to
+be industriously dealt with, difficult to keep down. Such, so far
+as we can gather, is the general figure of Friedrich's life at
+Ruppin. Specific facts of it, anecdotes about it, are few in those
+dim Books; are uncertain as to truth, and without importance
+whether true or not. For all his gravity and Colonelship, it would
+appear the old spirit of frolic has not quitted him. Here are two
+small incidents, pointing that way; which stand on record;
+credible enough, though vague and without importance otherwise.
+Incident FIRST is to the following feeble effect; indisputable
+though extremely unmomentous: Regiment Goltz, it appears, used to
+have gold trimmings; the Colonel Crown-Prince petitioned that they
+might be of silver, which he liked better. Papa answers, Yes.
+Regiment Goltz gets its new regimentals done in silver;
+the Colonel proposes they shall solemnly BURN their old
+regimentals. And they do it, the Officers of them, SUB DIO,
+perhaps in the Prince's garden, strippiug successively in the
+"Temple" there, with such degree of genial humor, loud laughter,
+or at least boisterous mock-solemnity, as may be in them. This is
+a true incident of the Prince's history, though a small one.
+
+Incident SECOND is of slightly more significance; and intimates,
+not being quite alone in its kind, a questionable habit or method
+the Crown-Prince must have had of dealing with Clerical Persons
+hereabouts when they proved troublesome. Here are no fewer than
+three such Persons, or Parsons, of the Ruppin Country, who got
+mischief by him. How the first gave offence shall be seen, and how
+he was punished: offences of the second and the third we can only
+guess to have been perhaps pulpit-rebukes of said punishments:
+perhaps general preaching against military levities, want of
+piety, nay open sinfulness, in thoughtless young men with
+cockades. Whereby the thoughtless young men were again driven to
+think of nocturnal charivari? We will give the story in
+Dr. Busching's own words, who looks before and after to great
+distances, in a way worth attending to. The Herr Doctor, an
+endless Collector and Compiler on all manner of subjects, is very
+authentic always, and does not want for natural sense: but he is
+also very crude,--and here and there not far from stupid, such his
+continual haste, and slobbery manner of working up those Hundred
+and odd Volnmes of his:-- [See his Autobiography, which forms
+<italic> Beitrage, <end italic> B. vi. (the biggest and
+last volume).]
+
+"The sanguine-choleric temperament of Friedrich," says this
+Doctor, "drove him, in his youth, to sensual enjoyments and wild
+amusements of different kinds; in his middle age, to fiery
+enterprises; and in his old years to decisions and actions of a
+rigorous and vehement nature; yet so that the primary form of
+utterance, as seen in his youth, never altogether ceased with him.
+There are people still among us (1788) who have had, in their own
+experience, knowledge of his youthful pranks; and yet more are
+living, who know that he himself, at table, would gayly recount
+what merry strokes were done by him, or by his order, in those
+young years. To give an instance or two.
+
+"While he was at Neu-Ruppin as Colonel of the Infantry Regiment
+there, the Chaplain of it sometimes waited upon him about the time
+of dinner,--having been used to dine occasionally with the former
+Colonel. The Crown-Prince, however, put him always off, did not
+ask him to dinner; spoke contemptuously of him in presence of the
+Officers. The Chaplain was so inconsiderate, he took to girding at
+the Crown-Prince in his sermons. 'Once on a time,' preached he,
+one day, 'there was Herod who had Herodias to dance before him;
+and he,--he gave her John the Baptist's head for her pains!'"
+This HEROD, Busching says, was understood to mean, and meant, the
+Crown-Prince; HERODIAS, the merry corps of Officers who made sport
+for him; JOHN THE BAPTIST'S HEAD was no other than the Chaplain
+not invited to dinner! "To punish him for such a sally, the Crown-
+Prince with the young Officers of his Regiment went, one night, to
+the Chaplain's house," somewhere hard by, with cow's-grass
+adjoining to it, as we see: and "first, they knocked in the
+windows of his sleeping-room upon him [HINGE-windows, glass not
+entirely broken, we may hope]; next there were crackers
+[SCHWARMER, "enthusiasts," so to speak!] thrown in upon him;
+and thereby the Chaplain, and his poor Wife," more or less in an
+interesting condition, poor woman, "were driven out into the
+court-yard, and at last into the dung-heap there;"--and so left,
+with their Head on a Charger to that terrible extent!
+
+That is Busching's version of the story; no doubt substantially
+correct; of which there are traces in other quarters,--for it went
+farther than Ruppin; and the Crown-Prince had like to have got
+into trouble from it. "Here is piety!" said Rumor, carrying it to
+Tobacco-Parliament. The Crown-Prince plaintively assures Grumkow
+that it was the Officers, and that they got punished for it.
+A likely story, the Prince's!
+
+"When King Friedrich, in his old days, recounted this after
+dinner, in his merry tone, he was well pleased that the guests,
+and even the pages and valets behind his back, laughed aloud at
+it." Not a pious old King, Doctor, still less an orthodox one!
+The Doctor continues: "In a like style, at Nauen, where part of
+his regiment lay, he had--by means of Herr von der Groben, his
+First-Lieutenant," much a comrade of his, as we otherwise
+perceive--"the Diaconus of Nauen and his Wife hunted out of bed,
+and thrown into terror of their lives, one night:"--offence of the
+Diaconus not specified. "Nay he himself once pitched his
+gold-headed stick through Salpius the Church Inspector's window,"
+--offence again not specified, or perhaps merely for a little
+artillery practice?--"and the throw was so dexterous that it
+merely made a round hole in the glass: stick was lying on the
+floor; and the Prince," on some excuse or other, "sent for it next
+morning." "Margraf Heinrich of Schwedt," continues the Doctor,
+very trustworthy on points of fact, "was a diligent helper in such
+operations. Kaiserling," whom we shall hear of, "First-Lieutenant
+von der Groben," these were prime hands; "Lieutenant Buddenbrock
+[old Feldmarschall's son] used, in his old days, when himself
+grown high in rank and dining with the King, to be appealed to as
+witness for the truth of these stories." [Busching, <italic>
+Beitrage zu der Lebensgeschichte denkwurdiger Personen, <end
+italic> v. 19-21. Vol. v.--wholly occupied with <italic> Friedrich
+II. King of Prussia <end italic> (Halle, 1788),--is accessible in
+French and other languages; many details, and (as Busching's wont
+is) few or none not authentic, are to be found in it; a very great
+secret spleen against Friedrich is also traceable,--for which the
+Doctor may have had his reasons, not obligatory upon readers of
+the Doctor. The truth is, Friedrich never took the least special
+notice of him: merely employed and promoted him, when expedient
+for both parties; and he really was a man of considerable worth,
+in an extremely crude form.]
+
+These are the two Incidents at Ruppin, in such light as they have.
+And these are all. Opulent History yields from a ton of broken
+nails these two brass farthings, and shuts her pocket on us again.
+A Crown-Prince given to frolic, among other things; though aware
+that gravity would beseem him better. Much gay bantering humor in
+him, cracklings, radiations,--which he is bound to keep well under
+cover, in present circumstances.
+
+
+
+Chapter III.
+
+THE SALZBURGERS.
+
+For three years past there has been much rumor over Germany, of a
+strange affair going on in the remote Austrian quarter, down in
+Salzburg and its fabulous Tyrolese valleys. Salzburg, city and
+territory, has an Archbishop, not theoretically Austrian, but
+sovereign Prince so styled; it is from him and his orthodoxies,
+and pranks with his sovereign crosier, that the noise originates.
+Strange rumor of a body of the population discovered to be
+Protestant among the remote Mountains, and getting miserably
+ill-used, by the Right Reverend Father in those parts.
+Which rumor, of a singular, romantic, religious interest for the
+general Protestant world, proves to be but too well founded.
+It has come forth in the form of practical complaint to the CORPUS
+EVANGELICORUM at the Diet, without result from the CORPUS;
+complaint to various persons;--in fine, to his Majesty Friedrich
+Wilhelm, WITH result.
+
+With result at last; actual "Emigration of the Salzburgers:"
+and Germany--in these very days while the Crown-Prince is at
+Berlin betrothing himself, and Franz of Lorraine witnessing the
+EXERCITIA and wonders there--sees a singular phenomenon of a
+touching idyllic nature going on; and has not yet quite forgotten
+it in our days. Salzburg Emigration was all in motion, flowing
+steadily onwards, by various routes, towards Berlin, at the time
+the Betrothal took place; and seven weeks after that event, when
+the Crown-Prince had gone to Ruppin, and again could only hear of
+it, the First Instalment of Emigrants arrived bodily at the Gates
+of Berlin, "30th April, at four in the afternoon;" Majesty
+himself, and all the world going out to witness it, with something 
+of a poetic: almost of a psalmist feeling, as well as with a
+practical on the part of his Majesty. First Instalment this;
+copiously followed by others, all that year; and flowing on, in
+smaller rills and drippings, for several years more, till it got
+completed. A notable phenomenon, full of lively picturesque and
+other interest to Brandenburg and Germany;--which was not
+forgotten by the Crown-Prince in coming years, as we shall
+transiently find; nay which all Germany still remembers, and even
+occasionally sings. Of which this is in brief the history.
+
+The Salzburg Country, northeastern slope of the Tyrol (Donau
+draining that side of it, Etsch or Adige the Italian side), is
+celebrated by the Tourist for its airy beauty, rocky mountains,
+smooth green valleys, and swift-rushing streams; perhaps some
+readers have wandered to Bad-Gastein, or Ischl, in these nomadic
+summers; have looked into Salzburg, Berchtesgaden, and the
+Bavarian-Austrian boundary-lands; seen the wooden-clock makings,
+salt-works, toy-manufactures, of those simple people in their
+slouch-hats; and can bear some testimony to the phenomena of
+Nature there. Salzburg is the Archbishop's City, metropolis of his
+bit of sovereignty that then was. [Tolerable description of it in
+the Baron Riesbeck's <italic> Travels through Germany <end italic>
+(London, 1787, Translation by Maty, 3 vols. 8vo), i. 124-222;--
+whose details otherwise, on this Emigration business, are of no
+authenticity or value. A kind of Play-actor and miscellaneous
+Newspaper-man in that time (not so opulent to his class as ours
+is); who takes the title of "Baron" on this occasion of coming,
+out with a Book of Imaginary <italic> "Travels." <end italic>
+Had personally lived, practising the miscellaneous arts, about
+Lintz and Salzburg,--and may be heard on the look of the Country,
+if on little else.] A romantic City, far off among its beautiful
+Mountains, shadowing (itself in the Salza River, which rushes down
+into the Inn, into the Donau, now becoming great with the tribute
+of so many valleys. Salzburg we have not known hitherto except as
+the fabulous resting-place of Kaiser Barbarossa: but we are now
+slightly to see it in a practical light; and mark how the memory
+of Friedrich Wilhelm makes an incidental lodgment for
+itself there.
+
+It is well known there was extensive Protestantism once in those
+countries. Prior to the Thirty-Years War, the fair chance was,
+Austria too would all become Protestant; an extensive minority
+among all ranks of men in Austria too, definable as the serious
+intelligence of mankind in those countries, having clearly adopted
+it, whom the others were sure to follow. In all ranks of men;
+only not in the highest rank, which was pleased rather to continue
+Official and Papal. Highest rank had its Thirty-Years War, "its
+sleek Fathers Lummerlein and Hyacinth in Jesuit serge, its
+terrible Fathers Wallenstein in chain-armor;" and, by working late
+and early then and afterwards, did manage at length to trample out
+Protestantism,--they know with what advantage by this time.
+Trample out Protestantism; or drive it into remote nooks, where
+under sad conditions it might protract an unnoticed existence.
+In the Imperial Free-Towns, Ulm, Augsburg, and the like,
+Protestantism continued, and under hard conditions contrives to
+continue: but in the country parts, except in unnoticed nooks, it
+is extinct. Salzburg Country is one of those nooks; an extensive
+Crypto-Protestantism lodging, under the simple slouch-hats, in the
+remote valleys there. Protestantism peaceably kept concealed,
+hurting nobody; wholesomely forwarding the wooden-clock
+manufacture, and arable or grazier husbandries, of those poor
+people. More harmless sons of Adam, probably, did not breathe the
+vital air, than those dissentient Salzburgers; generation after
+generation of them giving offence to no creature.
+
+Successive Archbishops had known of this Crypto-Protestantism, and
+in remote periods had made occasional slight attempts upon it;
+but none at all for a long time past. All attempts that way, as
+ineffectual for any purpose but stirring up strife, had been
+discontinued for many generations; [Buchholz, i. 148-151.] and the
+Crypto-Protestantism was again become a mythical romantic object,
+ignored by Official persons. However, in 1727, there came a new
+Archbishop, one "Firmian", Count Firmian by secular quality, of a
+strict lean character, zealous rather than wise; who had brought
+his orthodoxies with him in a rigid and very lean form.
+
+Right Reverend Firmian had not been long in Salzburg till he smelt
+out the Crypto-Protestantism, and determined to haul it forth from
+the mythical condition into the practical; and in fact, to see his
+law-beagles there worry it to death as they ought. Hence the
+rumors that had risen over Germany, in 1729: Law-terriers
+penetrating into human cottages in those remote Salzburg valleys,
+smelling out some German Bible or devout Book, making lists of
+Bible-reading cottagers; haling them to the Right Reverend Father-
+in-God; thence to prison, since they would not undertake to cease
+reading. With fine, with confiscation, tribulation: for the
+peaceable Salzburgers, respectful creatures, doffing their slouch-
+hats almost to mankind in general, were entirely obstinate in that
+matter of the Bible. "Cannot, your Reverence; must not, dare not!"
+and went to prison or whithersoever rather; a wide cry rising, Let
+us sell our possessions and leave Salzburg then, according to
+Treaty of Westphalia, Article so-and-so. "Treaty of Westphalia?
+Leave Salzburg?" shrieked the Right Reverend Father: "Are we
+getting into open mutiny, then? Open extensive mutiny!" shrieked
+he. Borrowed a couple of Austrian regiments,--Kaiser and we always
+on the pleasantest terms,--and marched the most refractory of his
+Salzburgers over the frontiers (retaining their properties and
+families); whereupon noise rose louder and louder.
+
+Refractory Salzburgers sent Deputies to the Diet; appealed,
+complained to the CORPUS EVANGELICORUM, Treaty of Westphalia in
+hand,--without result. CORPUS, having verified matters, complained
+to the Kaiser, to the Right Reverend Father. The Kaiser, intent on
+getting his Pragmatic Sanction through the Diet, and anxious to
+offend nobody at present, gave good words; but did nothing:
+the Right Reverend Father answered a Letter or two from the
+CORPUS; then said at last, He wished to close the Correspondence,
+had the honor to be,--and answered no farther, when written to.
+CORPUS was without result. So it lasted through 1730; rumor, which
+rose in 1729, waxing ever louder into practicable or impracticable
+shape, through that next year; tribulation increasing in Salzburg;
+and noise among mankind. In the end of 1730, the Salzburgers sent
+Two Deputies to Friedrich Wilhelm at Berlin; solid-hearted, thick-
+soled men, able to answer for themselves, and give real account of
+Salzburg and the phenomena; this brought matters into a
+practicable state.
+
+"Are you actual Protestants, the Treaty of Westphalia applicable
+to you? Not mere fanatic mystics, as Right Reverend Firmian
+asserts; protectible by no Treaty?" That was Friedrich Wilhelm's
+first question; and he set his two chief Berlin Clergymen, learned
+Roloff one of them, a divine of much fame, to catechise the two
+Salzburg Deputies, and report upon the point. Their Report, dated
+Berlin, 30th November, 1730, with specimens of the main questions,
+I have read; [Fassmann, pp. 446-448.] and can fully certify, along
+with Roloff and friend, That here are orthodox Protestants,
+apparently of very pious peaceable nature, suffering hard wrong;--
+orthodox beyond doubt, and covered by the Treaty of Westphalia.
+Whereupon his Majesty dismisses them with assurance, "Return, and
+say there shall be help!"--and straightway lays hand on the
+business, strong swift steady hand as usual, with a view that way.
+
+Salzburg being now a clear case, Friedrich Wilhelm writes to the
+Kaiser; to the King of England, King of Denmark;--orders
+preparations to be made in Preussen, vacant messuages to be
+surveyed, moneys to be laid up;--bids his man at the Regensburg
+Diet signify, That unless this thing is rectified, his Prussian
+Majesty will see himself necessitated to take effectual steps:
+"reprisals" the first step, according to the old method of his
+Prussian Majesty. Rumor of the Salzburg Protestants rises higher
+and higher. Kaiser intent on conciliating every CORPUS,
+Evangelical and other, for his Pragmatic Sanction's sake,
+admonishes Right Reverend Firmian; intimates at last to him, That
+he will actually have to let those poor people emigrate if they
+demand it; Treaty of Westphalia being express. In the end of 1731
+it has come thus far.
+
+"Emigrate, says your Imperial Majesty? Well, they shall emigrate,"
+answers Firmian; "the sooner the better!" And straightway, in the
+dead of winter, marches, in convenient divisions, some nine
+hundred of them over the frontiers: "Go about your business, then;
+emigrate--to the Old One, if you like!"--"And our properties, our
+goods and chattels?" ask they.--"Be thankful you have kept your
+skins. Emigrate, I say.!" And the poor nine hundred had to go out,
+in the rigor of winter, "hoary old men among them, and women
+coming near their time;" and seek quarters in the wide world
+mostly unknown to them. Truly Firmian is an orthodox Herr;
+acquainted with the laws of fair usage and the time of day.
+The sleeping Barbarossa does not awaken upon him within the Hill
+here:--but in the Roncalic Fields, long ago, I should not have
+liked to stand in his shoes!
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm, on this procedure at Salzburg, intimates to his
+Halberstadt and Minden Catholic gentlemen, That their
+Establishments must be locked up, and incomings suspended;
+that they can apply to the Right Reverend Firmian upon it;--and
+bids his man at Regensburg signify to the Diet that such is the
+course adopted here. Right Reverend Firmian has to hold his hand;
+finds both that there shall be Emigration, and that it must go
+forward on human terms, not inhuman; and that in fact the Treaty
+of Westphalia will have to guide it, not he henceforth. Those poor
+ousted Salzburgers cower into the Bavarian cities, till the
+weather mend, and his Prussian Majesty's arrangements be complete
+for their brethren and them.
+
+His Prussian Majesty has been maturing his plans, all this while;
+--gathering moneys, getting lands ready. We saw him hanging
+Schlubhut in the autumn of 1731, who had peculated from said
+moneys; and surveying Preussen, under storms of thunder and rain
+on one occasion. Preussen is to be the place for these people;
+Tilsit and Memel region, same where the big Fight of Tannenberg
+and ruin of the Teutsch Ritters took place: in that fine fertile
+Country there are homes got ready for this Emigration out
+of Salzburg.
+
+Long ago, at the beginning of this History, did not the reader
+hear of a pestilence in Prussian Lithuania? Pestilence in old King
+Friedrich's time; for which the then Crown-Prince, now Majesty
+Friedrich Wilhelm, vainly solicited help from the Treasury, and
+only brought about partial change of Ministry and no help.
+"Fifty-two Towns" were more or less entirely depopulated; hundreds
+of thousands of fertile acres fell to waste again, the hands that
+had ploughed them being swept away. The new Majesty, so soon as
+ever the Swedish War was got rid of, took this matter diligently
+in hand; built up the fifty-two ruined Towns; issued Proclamations
+once and again (Years 1719, 1721) to the Wetterau, to Switzerland,
+Saxony, Schwaben; [Buchholz, i. 148.] inviting Colonists to come,
+and, on favorable terms, till and reap there. His terms are
+favorable, well-considered; and are honestly kept. He has a fixed
+set of terms for Colonists: their road-expenses thither, so much a
+day allowed each travelling soul; homesteads, ploughing
+implements, cattle, land, await them at their journey's end;
+their rent and services, accurately specified, are light not
+heavy; and "immunities" from this and that are granted them, for
+certain years, till they get well nestled. Excellent arrangements:
+and his Majesty has, in fact, got about 20,000 families in that
+way. And still there is room for thousands more. So that if the
+tyrannous Firmian took to tribulating Salzburg in that manner,
+Heaven had provided remedies and a Prussian Majesty. Heaven is
+very opulent; has alchemy to change the ugliest substances into
+beautifulest. Privately to his Majesty, for months back, this
+Salzburg Emigration is a most manageable matter. Manage well, it
+will be a god-send to his Majesty, and fit, as by pre-established
+harmony, into the ancient Prussian sorrow; and "two afflictions
+well put together shall become a consolation," as the proverb
+promises! Go along then, Right Reverend Firmian, with your
+Emigration there: only no foul-play in it,--or Halberstadt and
+Minden get locked:--for the rest of the matter we will undertake.
+
+And so, February 2d, 1732, Friedrich Wilhelm's Proclamation [Copy
+of it in Mauvillon, February, 1732, ii. 311.] flew abroad over the
+world; brief and business-like, cheering to all but Firmian;--
+to this purport: "Come, ye poor Salzburgers, there are homes
+provided for you. Apply at Regensburg, at Halle: Commissaries are
+appointed; will take charge of your long march and you. Be kind,
+all Christian German Princes: do not hinder them and me." And in
+a few days farther, still early in February (for the matter is all
+ready before proclaiming), an actual Prussian Commissary hangs out
+his announcements and officialities at Donauworth, old City known
+to us, within reach of the Salzburg Boundaries; collects, in a
+week or two, his first lot of Emigrants, near a thousand strong;
+and fairly takes the road with them.
+
+A long road and a strange: I think, above five hundred miles
+before we get to Halle, within Prussian land; and then seven
+hundred more to our place there, in the utmost East. Men, women,
+infants and hoary grandfathers are here;--most of their property
+sold,--still on ruinous conditions, think of it, your Majesty.
+Their poor bits of preciosities and heirlooms they have with them;
+made up in succinct bundles, stowed on ticketed baggage-wains;
+"some have their own poor cart and horse, to carry the too old and
+the too young, those that cannot walk." A pilgrimage like that of
+the Children of Israel: such a pilgrim caravan as was seldom heard
+of in our Western Countries. Those poor succinct bundles, the
+making of them up and stowing of them; the pangs of simple hearts,
+in those remote native valleys; the tears that were not seen,
+the cries that were addressed to God only: and then at last the
+actual turning out of the poor caravan, in silently practical
+condition, staff in hand, no audible complaint heard from it;
+ready to march; practically marching here:--which of us can think
+of it without emotion, sad, and yet in a sort blessed!
+
+Every Emigrant man has four GROSCHEN a day (fourpence odd) allowed
+him for road expenses, every woman three groschen, every child
+two: and regularity itself, in the shape of Prussian Commissaries,
+presides over it. Such marching of the Salzburgers: host after
+host of them, by various routes, from February onwards;
+above seven thousand of them this year, and ten thousand more that
+gradually followed,--was heard of at all German firesides, and in
+all European lands. A phenomenon much filling the general ear and
+imagination; especially at the first emergence of it. We will give
+from poor old authentic Fassmann, as if caught up by some sudden
+photograph apparatus, a rude but undeniable glimpse or two into
+the actuality of this business: the reader will in that way
+sufficiently conceive it for himself.
+
+Glimpse FIRST is of an Emigrant Party arriving, in the cold
+February days of 1732, at Nordlingen, Protestant Free-Town in
+Bavaria: three hundred of them; first section, I think, of those
+nine hundred who were packed away unceremoniously by Firmian last
+winter, and have been wandering about Bavaria, lodging "in
+Kaufbeuern" and various preliminary Towns, till the Prussian
+arrangements became definite. Prussian Commissaries are, by this
+time, got to Donauworth; but these poor Salzburgers are ahead of
+them, wandering under the voluntary principle as yet. Nordlingen,
+in Bavaria, is an old Imperial Free-Town; Protestantism not
+suppressed there, as it has been all round; scene of some
+memorable fighting in the Thirty-Years War, especially of a bad
+defeat to the Swedes and Bernhard of Weimar, the worst they had in
+the course of that bad business. The Salzburgers are in number
+three hundred and thirty-one; time, "first days of February, 1732,
+weather very cold and raw." The charitable Protestant Town has
+been expecting such an advent:--
+
+"Two chief Clergymen, and the Schoolmaster and Scholars, with some
+hundreds of citizens and many young people" went out to meet them;
+there, in the open field, stood the Salzburgers, with their wives
+and their little ones, with their bullock-carts and baggage-
+wains," pilgriming towards unknown parts of the Earth. "'Come in,
+ye blessed of the Lord! Why stand ye without?' said the Parson
+solemnly, by way of welcome; and addressed a Discourse to them,"
+devout and yet human, true every word of it, enough to draw tears
+from any Fassmann that were there;--Fassmann and we not far from
+weeping without words. "Thereupon they ranked themselves two and
+two, and marched into the Town," straight to the Church, I
+conjecture, Town all out to participate; "and there the two
+reverend gentlemen successively addressed them again, from
+appropriate texts: Text of the first reverend gentleman was,
+<italic> And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or
+sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for
+my name's sake, shall receive an hundred-fold, and shall inherit
+everlasting life. <end italic> [Matthew xix. 29.] Text of the
+second was, <italic> Now the Lord had said unto Abraham, Get thee
+out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's
+house, unto a land that I will show thee." <end italic> [Genesis
+xii. 1.] Excellent texts; well handled, let us hope,--especially
+with brevity. After which the strangers were distributed, some
+into public-houses, others taken home by the citizens to lodge.
+
+"Out of the Spital there was distributed to each person, for the
+first three days, a half-pound of flesh-meat, bread, and a measure
+of beer. The remaining days they got in money six CREUTZERS
+(twopence) each, and bread. On Sunday, at the Church-doors there
+was a collection; no less than eight hundred GULDEN [80 pounds;
+population, say, three thousand] for this object. At Sermon they
+were put into the central part of the Church," all Nordlingen
+lovingly encompassing them; "and were taught in two sermons,"
+texts not given, <italic> What the true Church is built of, <end
+italic> and then <italic> Of true Faith, and what love a Christian
+ought to have; <end italic> Nordlingen copiously shedding tears
+the while (VIELE THRANEN VERGOSSEN), as it well might. "Going to
+Church, and coming from it, each Landlord walked ahead of his
+party; party followed two and two. On other days, there was much
+catechising of them at different parts of the Town;"--orthodox
+enough, you see, nothing of superstition or fanaticism in the poor
+people;--"they made a good testimony of their Evangelical truth.
+
+"The Baggage-wagons which they had with them, ten in number, upon
+which some of their old people sat, were brought into the Town.
+The Baggage was unloaded, and the packages, two hundred and
+eighty-one of them in all [for Fassmann is Photography itself],
+were locked in the Zoll-Haus. Over and above what they got from
+the Spital, the Church-collection and the Town-chest, Citizens
+were liberal; daily sent them food, or daily had them by fours and
+fives to their own houses to meat." And so let them wait for the
+Prussian Commissary, who is just at hand: "they would not part
+from one another, these three hundred and thirty-one," says
+Fassmann, "though their reunion was but of that accidental
+nature." [Fassmann, pp. 439, 440.]
+
+Glimpse SECOND: not dated; perhaps some ten days later; and a
+Prussian Commissary with this party:--
+
+"On their getting to the Anspach Territory, there was so
+incredible a joy at the arrival of these exiled Brothers in the
+Faith (GLAUBENS-BRUDER) that in all places, almost in the smallest
+hamlets, the bells were set a-tolling; and nothing was heard but a
+peal of welcome from far and near." Prussian Commissary, when
+about quitting Anspach, asked leave to pass through Bamberg;
+Bishop of Bamberg, too orthodox a gentleman, declined; so the
+Commissary had to go by Nurnberg and Baireuth. Ask not if his
+welcome was good, in those Protestant places. "At Erlangen,
+fifteen miles from Nurnberg, where are French Protestants and a
+Dowager Margravine of Baireuth,"--Widow of Wilhelmina's Father-in-
+law's predecessor (if the reader can count that); DAUGHTER of
+Weissenfels who was for marrying Wilhelmina not long since!--
+"at Erlangen, the Serene Dowager snatched up fifty of them into
+her own House for Christian refection; and Burghers of means had
+twelve, fifteen and even eighteen of them, following such example
+set. Nay certain French Citizens, prosperous and childless,
+besieged the Prussian Commissary to allow them a few Salzburg
+children for adoption; especially one Frenchman was extremely
+urgent and specific: but the Commissary, not having any order, was
+obliged to refuse." [Fassmann, p. 441.] These must have been
+interesting days for the two young Margravines; forwarding Papa's
+poor pilgrims in that manner.
+
+"At Baireuth," other side of Nurnberg, "it was towards Good Friday
+when the Pilgrims under their Commissarius arrived. They were
+lodged in the villages about, but came copiously into the Town;
+came all in a body to Church on Good Friday; and at coming out,
+were one and all carried off to dinner, a very scramble arising
+among the Townsfolk to get hold of Pilgrims and dine them.
+Vast numbers were carried to the Schloss:" one figures Wilhelmina
+among them, figures the Hereditary Prince and old Margraf:
+their treatment there was "beyond belief," says Fassmann;
+"not only dinner of the amplest quality and quantity, but much
+money added and other gifts." From Baireuth the route is towards
+Gera and Thuringen, circling the Bamberg Territory: readers
+remember Gera, where the Gera Bond was made?--"At Gera, a
+commercial gentleman dined the whole party in his own premises,
+and his wife gave four groschen to each individual of them;
+other two persons, brothers in the place, doing the like. One of
+the poor pilgrim women had been brought to bed on the journey, a
+day or two before: the Commissarius lodged her in his own inn, for
+greater safety; Commissarius returning to his inn, finds she is
+off, nobody at first can tell him whither: a lady of quality
+(VORMEHME DAME) has quietly sent her carriage for the poor pilgrim
+sister, and has her in the right softest keeping. No end to
+people's kindness: many wept aloud, sobbing out, 'Is this all the
+help we can give?' Commissarius said, 'There will others come
+shortly; them also you can help.'"
+
+In this manner march these Pilgrims. "From Donauworth, by Anspach,
+Nurnberg, Baireuth, through Gera, Zeitz, Weissenfels, to Halle,"
+where they are on Prussian ground, and within few days of Berlin.
+Other Towns, not upon the first straight route to Berlin, demand
+to have a share in these grand things; share is willingly
+conceded: thus the Pilgrims, what has its obvious advantages,
+march by a good variety of routes. Through Augsburg, Ulm (instead
+of Donauworth), thence to Frankfurt; from Frankfurt some direct to
+Leipzig: some through Cassel, Hanover, Brunswick, by Halberstadt
+and Magdeburg instead of Halle. Starting all at Salzburg, landing
+all at Berlin; their routes spread over the Map of Germany in the
+intermediate space.
+
+"Weissenfels Town and Duke distinguished themselves by liberality:
+especially the Duke did;"--poor old drinking Duke; very Protestant
+all these Saxon Princes, except the Apostate or Pseudo-Apostate
+the Physically Strong, for sad political reasons. "In Weissenfels
+Town, while the Pilgrim procession walked, a certain rude foreign
+fellow, flax-pedler by trade, ["HECHELTRAGER," Hawker of flax-
+combs or HECKLES;--is oftenest a Slavonic Austrian (I am told).]
+by creed Papist or worse, said floutingly, 'The Archbishop ought
+to have flung you all into the river, you--!' Upon which a menial
+servant of the Duke's suddenly broke in upon him in the way of
+actuality, the whole crowd blazing into flame; and the pedler
+would certainly have got irreparable damage, had not the Town-
+guard instantly hooked him away."
+
+April 21st, 1732, the first actual body, a good nine hundred
+strong, [Buchholz, i. 156.] got to Halle; where they were received
+with devout jubilee, psalm-singing, spiritual and corporeal
+refection, as at Nordlingen and the other stages; "Archidiaconus
+Franke" being prominent in it,--I have no doubt, a connection of
+that "CHIEN DE FRANKE," whom Wilhelmina used to know. They were
+lodged in the Waisenhaus (old Franke's ORPHAN-HOUSE); Official
+List of them was drawn up here, with the fit specificality;
+and, after three days, they took the road again for Berlin.
+Useful Buchholz, then a very little boy, remembers the arrival of
+a Body of these Salzburgers, not this but a later one in August,
+which passed through his native Village, Pritzwalk in the
+Priegnitz: How village and village authorities were all awake,
+with opened stores and hearts; how his Father, the Village Parson,
+preached at five in the afternoon. The same Buchholz, coming
+afterwards to College at Halle, had the pleasure of discovering
+two of the Commissaries, two of the three, who had mainly
+superintended in this Salzburg Pilgrimage. Let the reader also
+take a glance at them, as specimens worth notice:--
+
+COMMISSARIUS FIRST: "Herr von Reck was a nobleman from the Hanover
+Country; of very great piety; who, after his Commission was done,
+settled at Halle; and lived there, without servant, in privacy,
+from the small means he had;--seeking his sole satisfaction in
+attendance on the Theological and Ascetic College-Lectures, where
+I used to see him constantly in my student time."
+
+COMMISSARIUS SECOND: "Herr Gobel was a medical man by profession;
+and had the regular degree of Doctor; but was in no necessity to
+apply his talents to the gaining of bread. His zeal for religion
+had moved him to undertake this Commission. Both these gentlemen I
+have often seen in my youth," but do not tell you what they were
+like farther; "and both their Christian names have escaped me."
+
+A third Commissarius was of Preussen, and had religious-literary
+tendencies. I suppose these three served gratis;--volunteers;
+but no doubt under oath, and tied by strict enough Prussian law.
+Physician, Chaplain, Road-guide, here they are, probably of
+supreme quality, ready to our hand. [Buchholz, <italic> Neueste
+Preussisch-Brandenburgische Geschichte <end italic> (berlin, 1775,
+2 vols. 4to), i. 155 n.]
+
+Buchholz, after "his student time," became a poor Country-
+schoolmaster, and then a poor Country-Parson, in his native
+Altmark. His poor Book is of innocent, clear, faithful nature, 
+with some vein of "unconscious geniality" in it here and there;--
+a Book by no means so destitute of human worth as some that have
+superseded it. This was posthumous, this "NEWEST HISTORY," and has
+a LIFE of the Author prefixed. He has four previous Volumes on the
+<italic> "Ancient History of Bran denburg," <end italic> which are
+not known to me.--About the Year 1745, there were four poor
+Schoolmasters in that region (two at Havelberg, one at Seehausen,
+one at Werben), of extremely studious turn; who, in spite of the
+Elbe which ran between, used to meet on stated nights, for
+colloquy, for interchange of Books and the like. One of them, the
+Werben one, was this Buchholz; another, Seehausen, was the
+Winckelmann so celebrated in after years. A third, one of the
+Havelberg pair, "went into Mecklenburg in a year or two, as Tutor
+to Karl Ludwig the Prince of Strelitz's children,"--whom also
+mark. For the youngest of these Strelitz children was no other
+than the actual "Old Queen Charlotte" (ours and George III.'s),
+just ready for him with her Hornbooks about that time: Let the
+poor man have what honor he can from that circumstance!
+"Prince Karl Ludwig," rather a foolish-looking creature, we may
+fall in with personally by and by.
+ 
+It was the 30th April, 1732, seven weeks and a day since Crown-
+Prince Friedrich's Betrothal, that this first body of Salzburg
+Emigrants, nine hundred strong, arrived at Berlin; "four in the
+afternoon, at the Brandenburg Gate;" Official persons, nay Majesty
+himself, or perhaps both Majesties, waiting there to receive them.
+Yes, ye poor footsore mortals, there is the dread King himself;
+stoutish short figure in blue uniform and white wig, straw-colored
+waistcoat, and white gaiters; stands uncommonly firm on his feet;
+reddish, blue-reddish face, with eyes that pierce through a man:
+look upon him, and yet live if you are true men. His Majesty's
+reception of these poor people could not but be good; nothing now
+wanting in the formal kind. But better far, in all the
+essentialities of it, there had not been hitherto, nor was
+henceforth, the least flaw. This Salzburg Pilgrimage has found for
+itself, and will find, regulation, guidance, ever a stepping-stone
+at the needful place; a paved road, so far as human regularity
+and punctuality could pave one. That is his Majesty's shining
+merit. "Next Sunday, after sermon, they [this first lot of
+Salzburgers] were publicly catechised in church; and all the world
+could hear their pertinent answers, given often in the very
+Scripture texts, or express words of Luther."
+
+His Majesty more than once took survey of these Pilgrimage
+Divisions, when they got to Berlin. A pleasant sight, if there
+were leisure otherwise. On various occasions, too, her Majesty had
+large parties of them over to Monbijou, to supper there in the
+fine gardens; and "gave them Bibles," among other gifts, if in
+want of Bibles through Firmian's industry. Her Majesty was Charity
+itself, Charity and Grace combined, among these Pilgrims. On one
+occasion she picked out a handsome young lass among them, and had
+Painter Pesne over to take her portrait. Handsome lass, by Pesne,
+in her Tyrolese Hat, shone thenceforth on the walls of Monbijou;
+and fashion thereupon took up the Tyrolese Hat, "which has been
+much worn since by the beautiful part of the Creation," says
+Buchholz; "but how many changes they have introduced in it no pen
+can trace."
+
+At Berlin the Commissarius ceased; and there was usually given the
+Pilgrims a Candidatus Theologiae, who was to conduct them the rest
+of the way, and be their Clergyman when once settled. Five hundred
+long miles still. Some were shipped at Stettin; mostly they
+marched, stage after stage,--four groschen a day. At the farther
+end they found all ready; tight cottages, tillable fields, all
+implements furnished, and stock,--even to "FEDERVIEH," or
+Chanticleer with a modicum of Hens. Old neighbors, and such as
+liked each other, were put together: fields grew green again,
+desolate scrubs and scrags yielding to grass and corn.
+Wooden clocks even came to view,--for Berchtesgaden neighbors also
+emigrated; and Swiss came, and Bavarians and French:--and old
+trades were revived in those new localities.
+
+Something beautifully real-idyllic in all this, surely:--Yet do
+not fancy that it all went on like clock-work; that there were not
+jarrings at every step, as is the way in things real. Of the
+Prussian Minister chiefly concerned in settling this new Colony I
+have heard one saying, forced out of him in some pressure:
+"There must be somebody for a scolding-stock and scape-goat;
+I will be it, then!" And then the Salzburg Officials, what a humor
+they were in! No Letters allowed from those poor Emigrants;
+the wickedest rumors circulated about them: "All cut to pieces by
+inroad of the Poles;" "Pressed for soldiers by the Prussian drill-
+sergeant;" "All flung into the Lakes and stagnant waters there;
+drowned to the last individual;" and so on. Truth nevertheless did
+slowly pierce through. And the "GROSSE WIRTH," our idyllic-real
+Friedrich Wilhelm, was wanting in nothing. Lists of their unjust
+losses in Salzburg were, on his Majesty's order, made out and
+authenticated, by the many who had suffered in that way there,
+--forced to sell at a day's notice, and the like:--with these his
+Majesty was diligent in the Imperial Court; and did get what human
+industry could of compensation, a part but not the whole.
+Contradictory noises had to abate. In the end, sound purpose,
+built on fact and the Laws of Nature, carried it; lies,
+vituperations, rumors and delusion sank to zero; and the true
+result remained. In 1738, the Salzburg Emigrant Community in
+Preussen held, in all their Churches, a Day of Thanksgiving;
+and admitted piously that Heaven's blessing, of a truth, had been
+upon this King and them. There we leave them, a useful solid
+population ever since in those parts; increased by this time we
+know not how many fold.
+
+It cost Friedrich Wilhelm enormous sums, say the Old Histories;
+probably "ten TONS OF GOLD,"--that is to say, ten hundred thousand
+thalers; almost 150,000 pounds, no less! But he lived to see it
+amply repaid, even in his own time; how much more amply since;--
+being a man skilful in investments to a high degree indeed.
+Fancy 150,000 pounds invested there, in the Bank of Nature
+herself; and a hundred millions invested, say at Balaclava, in the
+Bank of Newspaper rumor: and the respective rates of interest they
+will yield, a million years hence! This was the most idyllic of
+Friedrich Wilhelm's feats, and a very real one the while.
+
+We have only to add or repeat, that Salzburgers to the number of
+about 7,000 souls arrived at their place this first year; and in
+the year or two following, less noted by the public, but faring
+steadily forward upon their four groschen a day, 10,000 more.
+Friedrioh Wilhelm would have gladly taken the whole; "but George
+II. took a certain number," say the Prussian Books (George II., or
+pious Trustees instead of him), "and settled them at Ebenezer in
+Virginia,"--read, Ebenezer IN GEORGIA, where General Oglethorpe
+was busy founding a Colony. [Petition to Parliament, 10th (21st)
+May, 1733, by Oglethorpe and his Trustees, for 10,000 pounds to
+carry over these Salzburgers; which was granted; Tindal's RAPIN
+(London, 1769), xx. 184.] There at Ebenezer I calculate they might
+go ahead, too, after the questionable fashion of that country, and
+increase and swell;--but have never heard of them since.
+
+Salzburg Emigration was a very real transaction on Friedrich
+Wilhelm's part; but it proved idyllic too, and made a great
+impression on the German mind. Readers know of a Book called
+<italic> Hermann and Dorothea? <end italic> It is written by the
+great Goethe, and still worth reading. The great Goethe had heard,
+when still very little, much talk among the elders about this
+Salzburg Pilgrimage; and how strange a thing it was, twenty years
+ago and more. [1749 was Goethe's birth-year.] In middle life he
+threw it into Hexameters, into the region of the air; and did that
+unreal Shadow of it; a pleasant work in its way, since he was not
+inclined for more.
+
+
+
+Chapter IV.
+
+PRUSSIAN MAJESTY VISITS THE KAISER.
+
+Majesty seeing all these matters well in train,--Salzburgers under
+way, Crown-Prince betrothed according to his Majesty's and the
+Kaiser's (not to her Majesty's, and high-flying little George of
+England my Brother the Comedian's) mind and will,--begins to think
+seriously of another enterprise, half business, half pleasure,
+which has been hovering in his mind for some time. "Visit to my
+Daughter at Baireuth," he calls it publicly; but it means
+intrinsically Excursion into Bohmen, to have a word with the
+Kaiser, and see his Imperial Majesty in the body for once.
+Too remarkable a thing to be omitted by us here.
+
+Crown-Prince does not accompany on this occasion; Crown-Prince is
+with his Regiment all this while; busy minding his own affairs in
+the Ruppin quarter;--only hears, with more or less interest, of
+these Salzburg-Pilgrim movements, of this Excursion into Bohmen.
+Here are certain scraps of Letters; which, if once made legible,
+will assist readers to conceive his situation and employments
+there. Letters otherwise of no importance; but worth reading on
+that score. The FIRST (or rather first three, which we huddle into
+one) is from "Nauen," few miles off Ruppin; where one of our
+Battalions lies; requiring frequent visits there:--
+
+1. TO GRUMKOW, AT BERLIN (from the Crown-Prince).
+
+"NAUEN, 26th April, 1732.
+
+"MONSIEUR MY DEAREST FRIEND,--I send you a big mass of papers,
+which a certain gentleman named Plotz has transmitted me.
+In faith, I know not in the least what it is: I pray you present
+it [to his Majesty, or in the proper quarter], and make me rid
+of it.
+
+"To-morrow I go to Potsdam [a drive of forty miles southward], to
+see the exercise, and if we do it here according to pattern.
+NEUE BESEN KEHREN GUT [New brooms sweep clean, IN GERMAN]; I shall
+have to illustrate my new character" of Colonel; "and show that I
+am EIN TUCHTIGER OFFICIER (a right Officer). Be what I may, I
+shall to you always be", &c. &c.
+
+NAUEN, 7th MAY, 1732. "... Thousand thanks for informing me how
+everything goes on in the world. Things far from agreeable, those
+leagues [imaginary, in Tobacco-Parliament] suspected to be forming
+against our House! But if the Kaiser don't abandon us; ... if God
+second the valor of 80,000 men resolved to spend their life, ...
+let us hope there will nothing bad happen.
+
+"Meanwhile, till events arrive, I make a pretty stir here
+(ME TREMOUSSE ICI D'IMPORTANCE), to bring my Regiment to its
+requisite perfection, and I hope I shall succeed. The other day I
+drank your dear health, Monsieur; and I wait only the news from my
+Cattle-stall that the Calf I am fattening there is ready for
+sending to you. I unite Mars and Housekeeping, you see. Send me
+your Secretary's name, that I may address your Letters that way,"
+--our Correspondence needing to be secret in certain quarters.
+
+... "With a" truly infinite esteem,                   "FREDERIC."
+
+NAUEN, 10th MAY, 1732. "You will see by this that I am exact to
+follow your instruction; and that the SCHULZ of Tremmen [Village
+in the Brandenburg quarter, with a SCHULZ or Mayor to be depended
+on], becomes for the present the mainspring of our correspondence.
+I return you all the things (PIECES) you had the goodness to
+communicate to me,--except <italic> Charles Douze, <end italic>
+[Voltaire's new Book; lately come out, "Bale, 1731."] which
+attaches me infinitely. The particulars hitherto unknown which he
+reports; the greatness of that Prince's actions, and the perverse
+singularity (BIZARRERIE) of his fortune: all this, joined to the
+lively, brilliant and charming way the Author has of telling it,
+renders this Book interesting to the supreme degree. ... I send
+you a fragment of my correspondence with the most illustrious
+Sieur Crochet," some French Envoy or Emissary, I conclude:
+"you perceive we go on very sweetly together, and are in a high
+strain. I am sorry I burnt one of his Letters, wherein he assured
+me he would in the Versailles Antechamber itself speak of me to
+the King, and that my name had actually been mentioned at the
+King's Levee. It certainly is not my ambition to choose this
+illustrious mortal to publish my renown; on the contrary, I should
+think it soiled by such a mouth, and prostituted if he were the
+publisher. But enough of the Crochet: the kindest thing we can do
+for so contemptible an object is to say nothing of him at all."
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xvi. 49, 51.]--...
+
+Letter SECOND is to Jaagermeister Hacke, Captain of the Potsdam
+Guard; who stands in great nearness to the King's Majesty; and, in
+fact, is fast becoming his factotum in Army-details. We, with the
+Duke of Lorraine and Majesty in person, saw his marriage to the
+Excellency Creutz's Fraulein Daughter not long since; who we trust
+has made him happy;--rich he is at any rate, and will be Adjutant-
+General before long; powerful in such intricacies as this that the
+Prince has fallen into.
+
+The Letter has its obscurities; turns earnestly on Recruits tall
+and short; nor have idle Editors helped us, by the least hint
+towards "reading" it with more than the EYES. Old Dessauer at this
+time is Commandant at Magdeburg; Buddenbrock, perhaps now passing
+by Ruppin, we know for a high old General, fit to carry messages
+from Majesty,--or, likelier, it may be Lieutenant Buddenbrock, his
+Son, merely returning to Ruppin? We can guess, that the flattering
+Dessauer has sent his Majesty five gigantic men from the Magdeburg
+regiments, and that Friedrich is ordered to hustle out thirty of
+insignificant stature from his own, by way of counter-gift to the
+Dessauer;--which Friedrich does instantly, but cannot, for his
+life, see how (being totally cashless) he is to replace them with
+better, or replace them at all!
+
+2. TO CAPTAIN HACKE, OF THE POTSDAM GUARD.
+
+"RUPPIN, 15th July, 1732.
+
+"MEIN GOTT, what a piece of news Buddenbrock has brought me! I am
+to get nothing out of Brandenburg, my dear Hacke? Thirty men I had
+to shift out of my company in consequence [of Buddenbrock's
+order]; and where am I now to get other thirty? I would gladly
+give the King tall men, as the Dessauer at Magdeburg does; but I
+have no money; and I don't get, or set up for getting, six men for
+one [thirty short for five tall], as he does. So true is that
+Scripture: To him that hath shall be given; and from him that hath
+not shall be taken away even that he hath.
+
+"Small art, that the Prince of Dessau's and the Magdeburg
+Regiments are fine, when they have money at command, and thirty
+men GRATIS over and above! I, poor devil, have nothing; nor shall
+have, all my days. Prithee, dear Hacke (BITTE IHN, LIEBER HACKE),
+think of all that: and if I have no money allowed, I must bring
+Asmus [Recruit unknown to me] alone as Recruit next year; and my
+Regiment will to a certainty be rubbish (KROOP). Once I had
+learned a German Proverb--
+
+'VERSPRECHEN UND HALTEN (To promise and to keep)
+ ZIEMT WOHL JUNGEN UND ALTEN (Is pretty for young and for old)!'
+
+"I depend alone on you (IHN), dear Hacke; unless you help, there
+is a bad outlook. To-day I have knocked again [written to Papa for
+money]; and if that does not help, it is over. If I could get any
+money to borrow, it would do; but I need not think of that.
+Help me, then, dear Hacke! I assure you I will ever remember it;
+who, at all times, am my dear Herr Captain's devoted (GANZ
+ERGEBENER) servant and friend,
+
+"FRIDERICH." 
+
+[In German: <italic> OEuvres, <end italic> xxvii. part 3d,
+p. 177.]
+
+To which add only this Note, two days later, to Seckendorf;
+indicating that the process of "borrowing" has already, in some
+form, begun,--process which will have to continue: and to develop
+itself;--and that his Majesty, as Seckendorf well knows, is
+resolved upon his Bohemian journey:--
+
+3. TO THE GENERAL FELDZEUGMEISTER GRAF VON SECKENDORF.
+
+"RUPPIN, 17th July, 1732.
+
+"MY VERY DEAR GENERAL,--I have written to the King, that I owed
+you 2,125 THALERS for the Recruits; of which he says there are
+600 paid: there remain, therefore, 1,525, which he will pay
+you directly.
+
+"The King is going to Prague: I shall not be of the party [as you
+will]. To say truth, I am not very sorry; for it would infallibly
+give rise to foolish rumors in the world. At the same time, I
+should have much wished to see the Emperor, Empress, and Prince of
+Lorraine, for whom I have a quite particular esteem. I beg you,
+Monsieur, to assure him of it;--and to assure yourself that I
+shall always be,--with a great deal of consideration, MONSIEUR,
+MON TRES-CHER GENERAL, &c.       FREDERIC."
+
+And now--for the Bohemian Journey, "Visit at Kladrup" as they call
+it;--Ruppin being left in this assiduous and wholesome, if rather
+hampered condition.
+
+Kaiser Karl and his Empress, in this summer of 1732, were at
+Karlsbad, taking the waters for a few weeks. Friedrich Wilhelm,
+who had long, for various reasons, wished to see his Kaiser face
+to face, thought this would be a good opportunity. The Kaiser
+himself, knowing how it stood with the Julich-and-Berg and other
+questions, was not anxious for such an interview; still less were
+his official people; among whom the very ceremonial for such a
+thing was matter of abstruse difficulty. Seckendorf accordingly
+had been instructed to hunt wide, and throw in discouragements, so
+far as possible;--which he did, but without effect. Friedrich
+Wilhelm had set his heart upon the thing; wished to behold for
+once a Head of the Holy Roman Empire, and Supreme of Christendom;
+--also to see a little, with his own eyes, into certain
+matters Imperial.
+
+And so, since an express visit to Karlsbad might give rise to
+newspaper rumors, and will not suit, it is settled, there shall be
+an accidental intersection of routes, as the Kaiser travels
+homeward,--say in some quiet Bohemian Schloss or Hunting-seat of
+the Kaiser's own, whither the King may come incognito; and thus,
+with a minimum of noise, may the needful passage of hospitality be
+done. Easy all of this: only the Vienna Ministers are dreadfully
+in doubt about the ceremonial, Whether the Imperial hand can be
+given (I forget if for kissing or for shaking)?--nay at last they
+manfully declare that it cannot be given; and wish his Prussian
+Majesty to understand that it must be refused. [Forster, i. 328.]
+"RES SUMMAE CONSEQUENTIAE," say they; and shake solemnly their big
+wigs.--Nonsense (NARRENPOSSEN)! answers the Prussian Majesty:
+You, Seckendorf, settle about quarters, reasonable food,
+reasonable lodgings; and I will do the ceremonial.
+
+Seckendorf--worth glancing into, for biographical purposes, in
+this place--has written to his Court: That as to the victual
+department, his Majesty goes upon good common meat; flesh, to
+which may be added all manner of river-fish and crabs: sound old
+Rhenish is his drink, with supplements of brown and of white beer.
+Dinner-table to be spread always in some airy place, garden-house,
+tent, big clean barn,--Majesty likes air, of all things;--will
+sleep, too, in a clean barn or garden-house: better anything than
+being stifled, thinks his Majesty. Who, for the rest, does not
+like mounting stairs. [Seckendorf's Report (in Forster, i. 330).]
+These are the regulations; and we need not doubt they were
+complied with.
+
+Sunday, 27th July, 1732, accordingly, his Majesty, with five or
+six carriages, quits Berlin, before the sun is up, as is his wont:
+eastward, by the road for Frankfurt-on-Oder; "intends to look at
+Schulenburg's regiment," which lies in those parts,--Schulenburg's
+regiment for one thing: the rest is secret from the profane
+vulgar. Schulenburg's regiment (drawn up for Church, I should
+suppose) is soon looked at; Schulenburg himself, by
+preappointment, joins the travelling party, which now consists of
+the King and Eight:--known figures, seven, Buddenbrock,
+Schulenburg, Waldau, Derschau, Seckendorf; Grumkow, Captain Hacke
+of the Potsdam Guard; and for eighth the Dutch Ambassador, Ginkel,
+an accomplished knowing kind of man, whom also my readers have
+occasionally seen. Their conversation, road-colloquy, could it
+interest any modern reader? It has gone all to dusk; we can know
+only that it was human, solid, for most part, and had much tobacco
+intermingled. They were all of the Calvinistic persuasion, of the
+military profession; knew that life is very serious, that speech
+without cause is much to be avoided. They travelled swiftly, dined
+in airy places: they are a FACT, they and their summer dust-cloud
+there, whirling through the vacancy of that dim Time; and have an
+interest for us, though an unimportant one.
+
+The first night they got to Grunberg; a pleasant Town, of
+vineyards and of looms, across the Silesian frontier. They are now
+turning more southeastward; they sleep here, in the Kaiser's
+territory, welcomed by some Official persons; who signify that the
+overjoyed Imperial Majesty has, as was extremely natural, paid the
+bill everywhere. On the morrow, before the shuttles awaken,
+Friedrich Wilhelm is gone again; towards the Glogau region,
+intending for Liegnitz that night. Coursing rapidly through the
+green Silesian Lowlands, blue Giant Mountains (RIESENGEBIRGE)
+beginning to rise on the southwestward far away. Dines, at noon,
+under a splendid tent, in a country place called Polkwitz,
+["Balkowitz," say Pollnitz (ii. 407) and Forster; which is not the
+correct name.] with country Nobility (sorrow on them, and yet
+thanks to them) come to do reverence. At night he gets
+to Liegnitz.
+
+Here is Liegnitz, then. Here are the Katzbach and the Blackwater
+(SCHWARZWASSER), famed in war, your Majesty; here they coalesce;
+gray ashlar houses (not without inhabitants unknown to us) looking
+on. Here are the venerable walls and streets of Liegnitz; and the
+Castle which defied Baty Khan and his Tartars, five hundred years
+ago. [1241, the Invasion, and Battle here, of this unexpected
+Barbarian.]--Oh, your Majesty, this Liegnitz, with its princely
+Castle, and wide rich Territory, the bulk of the Silesian Lowland,
+whose is it if right were done? Hm, his Majesty knows full well;
+in Seckendorf's presence, and going on such an errand, we must not
+speak of certain things. But the undisputed truth is, Duke
+Friedrich II., come of the Sovereign Piasts, made that
+ERBVERBRUDERUNG, and his Grandson's Grandson died childless:
+so the heirship fell to us, as the biggest wig in the most
+benighted Chancery would have to grant;--only the Kaiser will not,
+never would; the Kaiser plants his armed self on Schlesien, and
+will hear no pleading. Jagerndorf too, which we purchased with our
+own money---No more of that; it is too miserable! Very impossible
+too, while we have Berg and Julich in the wind!--
+
+At Liegnitz, Friedrich Wilhelm "reviews the garrison, cavalry and
+infantry," before starting; then off for Glatz, some sixty miles
+before we can dine. The goal is towards Bohemia, all this while;
+and his Majesty, had he liked the mountain-passes, and unlevel
+ways of the Giant Mountains, might have found a shorter road and a
+much more picturesque one. Road abounding in gloomy valleys,
+intricate rock-labyrinths, haunts of Sprite RUBEZAHL, sources of
+the Elbe and I know not what. Majesty likes level roads, and
+interesting rock-labyrinths built by man rather than by Nature.
+Majesty makes a wide sweep round to the east of all that;
+leaves the Giant Mountains, and their intricacies, as a blue
+Sierra far on his right,--had rather see Glatz Fortress than the
+caverns of the Elbe; and will cross into Bohemia, where the Hills
+are fallen lowest. At Glatz during dinner, numerous Nobilities are
+again in waiting. Glatz is in Jagerndorf region; Jagerndorf, which
+we purchased with our own money, is and remains ours, in spite of
+the mishaps of the Thirty-Years War;--OURS, the darkest Chancery
+would be obliged to say, from under the immensest wig! Patience,
+your Majesty; Time brings roses!--
+
+From Glatz, after viewing the works, drilling the guard a little,
+not to speak of dining, and despatching the Nobilities, his
+Majesty takes the road again; turns now abruptly westward, across
+the Hills at their lowest point; into Bohemia, which is close at
+hand. Lewin, Nachod, these are the Bohemian villages, with their
+remnant of Czechs; not a prosperous population to look upon:
+but it is the Kaiser's own Kingdom: "King of Bohemia" one of his
+Titles ever since Sigismund SUPER-GRAMMATICAM'S time. And here
+now, at the meeting of the waters (Elbe one of them, a brawling
+mountain-stream) is Jaromierz, respectable little Town, with an
+Imperial Officiality in it,--where the Official Gentlemen meet us
+all in gala, "Thrice welcome to this Kingdom, your Majesty!"--
+and signify that they are to wait upon us henceforth, while we do
+the Kaiser's Kingdom of Bohemia that honor.
+
+It is Tuesday night, 29th July, this first night in Bohemia.
+The Official Gentlemen lead his Majesty to superb rooms, new-hung
+with crimson velvet, and the due gold fringes and tresses,--very
+grand indeed; but probably not so airy as we wish. "This is the
+way the Kaiser lodges in his journeys; and your Majesty is to be
+served like him." The goal of our journey is now within few miles.
+Wednesday, 30th July, 1732, his Majesty awakens again, within
+these crimson-velvet hangings with the gold tresses and fringes,
+not so airy as he could wish; despatches Grumkow to the Kaiser,
+who is not many miles off, to signify what honor we would
+do ourselves.
+
+It was on Saturday last that the Kaiser and Kaiserinn, returning
+from Karlsbad, illuminated Prag with their serene presence;
+"attended high-mass, vespers," and a good deal of other worship,
+as the meagre old Newspapers report for us, on that and the Sunday
+following. And then, "on Monday, at six in the morning," both the
+Majesties left Prag, for a place called Chlumetz, southwestward
+thirty miles off, in the Elbe region, where they have a pretty
+Hunting Castle; Kaiser intending "sylvan sport for a few days,"
+says the old rag of a Newspaper, "and then to return to Prag."
+It is here that Grumkow, after a pleasant morning's drive of
+thirty miles with the sun on his back, finds Kaiser Karl VI.;
+and makes his announcements, and diplomatic inquiries what next.
+
+Had Friedrich Wilhelm been in Potsdam or Wusterhausen, and heard
+that Kaiser Karl was within thirty miles of him, Friedrich Wilhelm
+would have cried, with open arms, Come, come! But the Imperial
+Majesty is otherwise hampered; has his rhadamanthine Aulic
+Councillors, in vast amplitude of wig, sternly engaged in study of
+the etiquettes: they have settled that the meeting cannot be in
+Chlumetz; lest it might lead to night's lodgings, and to
+intricacies. "Let it be at Kladrup," say the Ample-wigged;
+Kladrup, an Imperial Stud, or Horse-Farm, half a dozen miles from
+this; where there is room for nothing more than dinner. There let
+the meeting be, to-morrow at a set hour; and, in the mean time, we
+will take precautions for the etiquettes. So it is settled, and
+Grumkow returns with the decision in a complimentary form.
+
+Through Konigsgratz, down the right bank of the Upper Elbe, on the
+morrow morning, Thursday, 31st July, 1732, Friedrich Wilhelm
+rushes on towards Kladrup; finds that little village, with the
+Horse-edifices, looking snug enough in the valley of Elbe;--
+alights, welcomed by Prince Eugenio von Savoye, with word that the
+Kaiser is not come, but steadily expected soon. Prinoe Eugenio von
+Savoye: ACH GOTT, it is another thing, your Highness, than when we
+met in the Flanders Wars, long since;--at Malplaquet that morning,
+when your Highness had been to Brussels, visiting your Lady Mother
+in case of the worst! Slightly grayer your Highness is grown;
+I too am nothing like so nimble; the great Duke, poor man, is
+dead!--Prince Eugenio von Savoye, we need not doubt, took snuff,
+and answered in a sprightly appropriate manner.
+
+Kladrup is a Country House as well as a Horse-Farm: a square court
+is the interior, as I gather; the Horse-buildings at a reverent
+distance forming the fourth side. In the centre of this court,--
+see what a contrivance the Aulic Councillors have hit upon,--there
+is a wooden stand built, with three staircases leading up to it,
+one for each person, and three galleries leading off from it into
+suites of rooms: no question of precedence here, where each of you
+has his own staircase and own gallery to his apartment! Friedrich
+Wilhelm looks down like a rhinoceros on all those cobwebberies.
+No sooner are the Kaiser's carriage-wheels heard within the court,
+than Friedrich Wilhelm rushes down, by what staircase is readiest;
+forward to the very carriage-door; and flings his arms about the
+Kaiser, embracing and embraced, like mere human friends glad to
+see one another. On these terms, they mount the wooden stand,
+Majesty of Prussia, Kaiser, Kaiserinn, each by his own staircase;
+see, for a space of two hours, the Kaiser's foals and horses led
+about,--which at least fills up any gap in conversation that may
+threaten to occur. The Kaiser, a little man of high and humane
+air, is not bright in talk; the Empress, a Brunswick Princess of
+fine carriage, Grand-daughter of old Anton Ulrich who wrote the
+Novels, is likewise of mute humor in public life; but old Nord-
+Teutschland, cradle of one's existence; Brunswick reminiscences;
+news of your Imperial Majesty's serene Father, serene Sister,
+Brother-in-law the Feldmarschall and Insipid Niece whom we have
+had the satisfaction to betroth lately,--furnish small-talk
+where needful.
+
+Dinner being near, you go by your own gallery to dress. From the
+drawing-room, Friedrich Wilhelm leads out the Kaiserinn;
+the Kaiser, as Head of the world, walks first, though without any
+lady. How they drank the healths, gave and received the ewers and
+towels, is written duly in the old Books, but was as indifferent
+to Friedrich Wilhelm as it is to us; what their conversation was,
+let no man presume to ask. Dullish, we should apprehend,--and
+perhaps BETTER lost to us? But where there are tongues, there are
+topics: the Loom of Time wags always, and with it the tongues of
+men. Kaiser and Kaiserinn have both been in Karlsbad lately;
+Kaiser and Kaiserinn both have sailed to Spain, in old days, and
+been in sieges and things memorable: Friedrich Wilhelm, solid
+Squire Western of the North, does not want for topics, and talks
+as a solid rustic gentleman will. Native politeness he knows on
+occasion; to etiquette, so far as concerns his own pretensions,
+he feels callous altogether,--dimly sensible that the Eighteenth
+Century is setting in, and that solid musketeers and not
+goldsticks are now the important thing. "I felt mad to see him so
+humiliate himself," said Grumkow afterwards to Wilhelmina,
+"J'ENRAGEAIS DANS MA PEAU:" why not?
+
+Dinner lasted two hours; the Empress rising, Friedrich Wilhelm
+leads her to her room; then retires to his own, and "in a quarter
+of an hour" is visited there by the Kaiser; "who conducts him," in
+so many minutes exact by the watch, "back to the Empress,"--for a
+sip of coffee, as one hopes; which may wind up the Interview well.
+The sun is still a good space from setting, when Friedrich
+Wilhelm, after cordial adieus, neglectful of etiquette, is rolling
+rapidly towards Nimburg, thirty miles off on the Prag Highway;
+and Kaiser Karl with his Spouse move deliberately towards Chlumetz
+to hunt again. In Nimburg Friedrich Wilhelm sleeps, that night;--
+Imperial Majesties, in a much-tumbled world, of wild horses,
+ceremonial ewers, and Eugenios of Savoy and Malplaquet, probably
+peopling his dreams. If it please Heaven, there may be another
+private meeting, a day or two hence.
+
+Nimburg, ah your Majesty, Son Fritz will have a night in Nimburg
+too;--riding slowly thither amid the wrecks of Kolin Battle, not
+to sleep well;--but that happily is hidden from your Majesty.
+Kolin, Czaslau (Chotusitz), Elbe Teinitz,--here in this Kladrup
+region, your Majesty is driving amid poor Villages which will be
+very famous by and by. And Prag itself will be doubly famed in
+war, if your Majesty knew it, and the Ziscaberg be of bloodier
+memory than the Weissenberg itself!--His Majesty, the morrow's sun
+having risen upon Nimburg, rolls into Prag successfully about
+eleven A.M., Hill of Zisca not disturbing him; goes to the Klein-
+Seite Quarter, where an Aulic Councillor with fine Palace is
+ready; all the cannon thundering from the walls at his Majesty's
+advent; and Prince Eugenio, the ever-present, being there to
+receive his Majesty,--and in fact to invite him to dinner this day
+at half-past twelve. It is Friday, 1st of August, 1732.
+
+By a singular chance, there is preserved for us in Fassmann's
+Book, what we may call an Excerpt from the old <italic> Morning
+Post <end italic> of Prag, bringing that extinct Day into clear
+light again; recalling the vanished Dinner-Party from the realms
+of Hades, as a thing that once actually WAS. The List of the
+Dinner-guests is given complete; vanished ghosts, whom, in
+studying the old History-Books, you can, with a kind of interest,
+fish up into visibility at will. There is Prince Eugenio von
+Savoye at the bottom of the table, in the Count-Thun Palace where
+he lodges; there bodily, the little man, in gold-laced coat of
+unknown cut; the eyes and the tempers bright and rapid, as usual,
+or more; nose not unprovided with snuff, and lips in consequence
+rather open. Be seated, your Majesty, high gentlemen all.
+
+A big chair-of-state stands for his Majesty at the upper end of
+the table: his Majesty will none of it; sits down close by Prince
+Eugene at the very bottom, and opposite Prince Alexander of
+Wurtemberg, whom we had at Berlin lately, a General of note in the
+Turkish and other wars: here probably there will be better talk;
+and the big chair may preside over us in vacancy. Which it does.
+Prince Alexander, Imperial General against the Turks, and Heir-
+Apparent of Wurtemberg withal, can speak of many things,--hardly
+much of his serene Cousin the reigning Duke; whose health is in a
+too interesting state, the good though unlucky man. Of the
+Gravenitz sitting now in limbo, or travelling about disowned,
+TOUJOURS UN LAVEMENT SES TROUSSES, let there be deep silence.
+But the Prince Alexander can answer abundantly on other heads.
+He comes to his inheritance a few months hence; actual reigning
+Duke, the poor serene Cousin having died: and perhaps we shall
+meet, him transiently again.
+
+He is Ancestor of the Czars of Russia, this Prince Alexander, who
+is now dining here in the body, along with Friedrich Wilhelm and
+Prince Eugene: Paul of Russia, unbeautiful Paul, married the
+second time, from Mumpelgard (what the French call Montbeillard,
+in Alsace), a serene Grand-daughter of his, from whom come the
+Czars,--thanks to her or not. Prince Alexander is Ancestor withal
+of our present "Kings of Wurtemberg," if that mean anything:
+Father (what will mean something) to the serene Duke, still in
+swaddling-clothes, [Born 21st January, 1732; Carl Eugen the name
+of him (Michaelis, iii. 450).] who will be son-in-law to Princess
+Wilhelmina of Baireuth (could your Majesty foresee it); and will
+do strange pranks in the world, upon poet Schiller and others.
+Him too, and Brothers of his, were they born and become of size,
+we shall meet. A noticeable man, and not without sense, this
+Prince Alexander; who is now of a surety eating with us,--as we
+find by the extinct <italic> Morning Post <end italic> in
+Fassmann's old Book.
+
+Of the others eating figures, Stahrembergs, Sternbergs, Kinsky
+Ambassador to England, Kinsky Ambassador to France, high Austrian
+dignitaries, we shall say nothing;--who would listen to us?
+Hardly can the Hof-Kanzler Count von Sinzendorf, supreme of Aulic
+men, who holds the rudder of Austrian State-Policy, and probably
+feels himself loaded with importance beyond most mortals now
+eating here or elsewhere,--gain the smallest recognition from
+oblivious English readers of our time. It is certain he eats here
+on this occasion; and to his Majesty he does not want for
+importance. His Majesty, intent on Julich and Berg and other high
+matters, spends many hours next day, in earnest private dialogue
+with him. We mention farther, with satisfaction, that Grumkow and
+Ordnance-Master Seckendorf are both on the list, and all our
+Prussian party, down to Hacke of the Potsdam grenadiers, friend
+Schulenburg visibly eating among the others. Also that the dinner
+was glorious (HERRLICH), and ended about five. [Fassmann, p. 474.]
+After which his Majesty went to two evening parties, of a high
+order, in the Hradschin Quarter or elsewhere; cards in the one
+(unless you liked to dance, or grin idle talk from you), and
+supper in the other.
+
+His Majesty amused himself for four other days in Prag,
+interspersing long earnest dialogues with Sinzendorf, with whom he
+spent the greater part of Saturday, [Pollnitz, ii. 411.]--results
+as to Julioh and Berg of a rather cloudy nature. On Saturday came
+the Kaiser, too, and Kaiserinn, to their high Nouse, the Schloss
+in Prag; and there occurred, in the incognito form, "as if by
+accident," three visits or counter-visits, two of them of some
+length. The King went dashing about; saw, deliberately or in
+glimpses, all manner of things,--from "the Military Hospital" to
+"the Tongue of St. Nepomuk" again. Nepomuk, an imaginary Saint of
+those parts; pitched into the Moldau, as is fancied and fabled, by
+wicked King Wenzel (King and Deposed-Kaiser, whom we have heard
+of), for speaking and refusing to speak; Nepomuk is now become the
+Patron of Bridges, in consequence; stands there in bronze on the
+Bridge of Prag; and still shows a dried Tongue in the world:
+[<italic> Die Legende vom heiligen Johann von Nepomuk, <end
+italic> von D. Otto Abel (Berlin, 1855); an acute bit of
+Historical Criticism.] this latter, we expressly find, his
+Majesty saw.
+
+On Sunday, his Majesty, nothing of a strait-laced man, attended
+divine or quasi-divine worship in the Cathedral Churoh,--where
+high Prince Bishops delivered PALLIUMS, did histrionisms;
+"manifested the ABSURDITAT of Papistry" more or less. Coming out
+of the Church, he was induced to step in and stie the rooms of the
+Schloss, or Imperial Palace. In one of the rooms, as if by
+accident, the Kaiser was found lounging:--"Extremely delighted to
+see your Majesty!"--and they had the first of their long or
+considerable dialogues together; purport has not transpired.
+The second considerable dialogue was on the morrow, when Imperial
+Majesty, as if by accident, found himself in the Count-Nostitz
+Palace, where Friedrich Wilhelm lodges. Delighted to be so
+fortunate again! Hope your Majesty likes Prag? Eternal friendship,
+OH JA:--and as to Julich and Berg? Particulars have
+not transpired.
+
+Prag is a place full of sights: his Majesty, dashing about in all
+quarters, has a busy time; affairs of state (Julich and Berg
+principally) alternating with what we now call the LIONS.
+Zisca's drum, for instance, in the Arsenal here? Would your
+Majesty wish to see Zisca's own skin, which he bequeathed to be a
+drum when HE had done with it? "NARRENPOSSEN!"--for indeed the
+thing is fabulous, though in character with Zisca. Or the Council-
+Chamber window, out of which "the Three Prag Projectiles fell into
+the Night of things," as a modern Historian expresses it?
+Three Official Gentlemen, flung out one morning, [13th (23d) May,
+1618 (Kohler, p. 507).] 70 feet, but fell on "sewerage," and did
+not die, but set the whole world on fire? That is too certain, as
+his Majesty knows: that brought the crowning of the Winter-
+King, Battle of the Weissenberg, Thirty-Years War; and lost us
+Jagerndorf and much else.
+
+Or Wallenstein's Palace,--did your Majesty look at that? A thing
+worth glancing at, on the score of History and even of Natural-
+History. That rugged son of steel and gunpowder could not endure
+the least noise in his sleeping-room or even sitting-room,--a
+difficulty in the soldiering way of life;--and had, if I remember,
+one hundred and thirty houses torn away in Prag, and sentries
+posted all round in the distance, to secure silence for his much-
+meditating indignant soul. And yonder is the Weissenberg,
+conspicuous in the western suburban region: and here in the
+eastern, close by, is the Ziscaberg;--O Heaven, your Majesty, on
+this Zisca-Hill will be a new "Battle of Prag," which will throw
+the Weissenberg into eclipse; and there is awful fighting coming
+on in these parts again!
+
+The THIRD of the considerable dialogues in Prag was on this same
+Monday night; when his Majesty went to wait upon the Kaiserinn,
+and the Kaiser soon accidentally joined them. Precious gracious
+words passed;--on Berg and Julich nothing particular, that we
+hear;--and the High Personages, with assurances of everlasting
+friendship, said adieu; and met no more in this world. On his
+toilet-table Friedrich Wilhelm  found a gold Tobacco-box, sent by
+the highest Lady extant; gold Tobacco-box, item gold Tobacco-
+stopper or Pipe-picker: such the parting gifts of her Imperial
+Majesty. Very precious indeed, and grateful to the honest heart;--
+yet testifying too (as was afterwards suggested to the royal mind)
+what these high people think of a rustic Orson King; and how they
+fling their nose into the air over his Tabagies and him.
+
+On the morrow morning early, Friedrich Wilhelm rolls away again
+homewards, by Karlsbad, by Baireuth; all the cannon of Prag saying
+thrice, Good speed to him. "He has had a glorious time," said the
+Berlin Court-lady to Queen Sophie one evening, "no end of kindness
+from the Imperial Majesties: but has he brought Berg and Julich in
+his pocket?"--Alas, not a fragment of them; nor of any solid thing
+whatever, except it be the gold Tobacco-box; and the confirmation
+of our claims on East-Friesland (cheap liberty to let us vindicate
+them if we can), if you reckon that a solid thing. These two
+Imperial gifts, such as they are, he has consciously brought back
+with him;--and perhaps, though as yet unconsciously, a third gift
+of much more value, once it is developed into clearness: some dim
+trace of insight into the no-meaning of these high people; and how
+they consider US as mere Orsons and wild Bisons, whom they will do
+the honor to consume as provision, if we behave well!
+
+The great King Friedrich, now Crown-Prince at Ruppin, writing of
+this Journey long afterwards,--hastily, incorrectly, as his wont
+is, in regard to all manner of minute outward particulars;
+and somewhat maltreating, or at least misplacing, even the inward
+meaning, which was well known to him WITHOUT investigation, but
+which he is at no trouble to DATE for himself, and has dated at
+random,--says, in his thin rapid way, with much polished
+bitterness:--
+
+"His [King Friedrich Wilhelm's] experience on this occasion served
+to prove that good-faith and the virtues, so contrary to the
+corruption of the age, do not succeed in it. Politicians have
+banished sincerity (LA CANDEUR) into private life: they look upon
+themselves as raised quite above the laws which they enjoin on
+other people; and give way without reserve to the dictates of
+their own depraved mind.
+
+"The guaranty of Julich and Berg, which Seckendorf had formally
+promised in the name of the Emperor, went off in smoke; and the
+Imperial Ministers were in a disposition so opposed to Prussia,
+the King saw clearly [not for some years yet] that if there was a
+Court in Europe intending to cross his interests, it was certainly
+that of Vienna. This Visit of his to the Emperor was like that of
+Solon to Croesus [Solon not I recognizable, in the grenadier
+costume, amid the tobacco-smoke, and dim accompaniments?]--and he
+returned to Berlin, rich still in his own virtue. The most
+punctilious censors could find no fault in his conduct, except a
+probity carried to excess. The Interview ended as those of Kings
+often do: it cooled [not for some time yet], or, to say better, it
+extinguished the friendship there had been between the two Courts.
+Friedrich Wilhelm left Prag full of contempt [dimly, altogether
+unconsciously, tending to have some contempt, and in the end to be
+full of it] for the deceitfulness and pride of the Imperial Court:
+and the Emperor's Ministers disdained a Sovereign who looked
+without interest on frivolous ceremonials and precedences.
+Him they considered too ambitious in aiming at the Berg-and-Julich
+succession: them he regarded [came to regard] as a pack of knaves,
+who had broken their word, and were not punished for it."
+
+Very bitter, your Majesty; and, in all but the dates, true enough.
+But what a drop of concentrated absinthe follows next, by way of
+finish,--which might itself have corrected the dating!
+
+"In spite of so many subjects of discontent, the King wedded his
+Eldest Son [my not too fortunate self], out of complaisance to the
+Vienna Court, with a Princess of Brunswick-Bevern, Niece to the
+Empress:"--bitter fact; necessitating change of date in the
+paragraphs just written. [<italic> OEuvres de Frederic (Memoires
+de Brandenbourg), <end italic> i. 162, 163.]
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm, good soul, cherishes the Imperial gifts,
+Tobacco-box included;--claps the Arms of East-Friesland on his
+escutcheon; will take possession of Friesland, if the present Duke
+die heirless, let George of England say what he will. And so he
+rolls homeward, by way of Baireuth. He stayed but a short while in
+Karlsbad; has warned his Wilhelmina that he will be at Baireuth on
+the 9th of the month. [Wilhelmina, ii. 55.]
+
+Wilhelmina is very poorly; "near her time," as wives say;
+rusticating in "the Hermitage," a Country-House in the vicinity of
+Baireuth; Husband and Father-in-law gone away, towards the
+Bohemian frontier, to hunt boars. Oh, the bustle and the bother
+that high Lady had; getting her little Country House stretched out
+to the due pitch to accommodate everybody,--especially her foolish
+Sister of Anspach and foolish Brother-in-law and suite,--with
+whom, by negligence of servants and otherwise, there had like to
+have risen incurable quarrel on the matter. But the dexterous
+young Wife, gladdest; busiest and weakliest of hopeful creatures,
+contrived to manage everything, like a Female Fieldmarshal, as she
+was. Papa was delighted; bullied the foolish Anspach people,--or
+would have done so, had not I intervened, that the matter might
+die. Papa was gracious, happy; very anxious about me in my
+interesting state. "Thou hast lodged me to perfection, good
+Wilhelmina. Here I find my wooden stools, tubs to wash in;
+all things as if I were at Potsdam:--a good girl; and thou must
+take care of thyself, my child (MEIN KIND)."
+
+At dinner, his Majesty, dreading no ill, but intent only on the
+practical, got into a quiet, but to me most dreadful, lecture to
+the old Margraf (my Father-in-law) upon debt and money and
+arrears: How he, the Margraf, was cheated at every turn, and led
+about by the nose, and kept weltering in debt: how he should let
+the young Margraf go into the Offices, to supervise, and withal to
+learn tax-matters and economics betimes. How he (Friedrich
+Wilhelm) would send him a fellow from Berlin who understood such
+things, and would drill his scoundrels for him! To which the old
+Margraf, somewhat flushed in the face, made some embarrassed
+assent, knowing it in fact to be true; and accepted the Berlin
+man:--but he made me (his poor Daughter-in-law) smart for it
+afterwards: "Not quite dead YET, Madam; you will have to wait a
+little!"--and other foolish speech; which required to be tempered
+down again by a judicious female mind.
+
+Grumkow himself was pleasant on this occasion; told us of Kladrup,
+the Prag etiquettes; and how he was like to go mad seeing his
+Majesty so humiliate himself. Fraulein Grumkow, a niece of his,
+belonging to the Austrian court, who is over here with the rest, a
+satirical intriguing baggage, she, I privately perceive, has made
+a conquest of my foolish Brother-in-law, the Anspach Margraf
+here;--and there will be jealousies, and a cat-and-dog life over
+yonder, worse than ever! Tush, why should we talk?--These are the
+phenomena at Baireuth; Husband and Father-in-law having quitted
+their boar-hunt and hurried home.
+
+After three days, Friedrich Wilhelm rolled away again;
+lodged, once more, at Meuselwitz, with abstruse Seckendorf, and
+his good old Wife, who do the hospitalities well when they must,
+in spite of the single candle once visible. On the morrow after
+which, 14th August, 1732, his Majesty is off again, "at four in
+the morning," towards Leipzig, intending to be home that night,
+though it is a long drive. At Leipzig, not to waste time, he
+declines entering the Town; positively will not, though the
+cannon-salvos are booming all round;--"breakfasts in the suburbs,
+with a certain Horse-dealer (ROSS-HANDLER) now deceased:"
+a respectable Centaur, capable, no doubt, of bargaining a little
+about cavalry mountings, while one eats, with appetite and at
+one's ease. Which done, Majesty darts off again, the cannon-salvos
+booming out a second time;--and by assiduous driving gets home to
+Potsdam about eight at night. And so has happily ENDED this
+Journey to Kladrup: [Fassmann, pp. 474-479; Wilhelmina, ii. 46-55;
+Pollnitz, ii. 407-412; Forster, i. 328-334.]
+
+
+
+Chapter V.
+
+GHOST OF THE DOUBLE-MARRIAGE RISES; TO NO PURPOSE.
+
+We little expected to see the "Double-Marriage" start up into
+vitality again, at this advanced stage; or, of all men,
+Seckendorf, after riding 25,000 miles to kill the Double-Marriage,
+engaged in resuscitating it! But so it is: by endless intriguing,
+matchless in History or Romance, the Austrian Court had, at such
+expense to the parties and to itself, achieved the first problem
+of stifling the harmless Double-Marriage; and now, the wind having
+changed, it is actually trying its hand the opposite way.
+
+Wind is changed: consummate Robinson has managed to do his thrice-
+salutary "Treaty of Vienna;" [16th March, 1731, the TAIL of it
+(accession of the Dutch, of Spain, &c.) not quite coiled up till
+20th February, 1732: Scholl, i. 218-222.] to clout up all
+differences between the Sea-Powers and the Kaiser, and restore the
+old Law of Nature,--Kaiser to fight the French, Sea-Powers to feed
+and pay him while engaged in that necessary job. And now it would
+be gratifying to the Kaiser, if there remained, on this side of
+the matter, no rent anywhere, if between his chief Sea ally and
+his chief Land one, the Britannic Majesty and the Prussian, there
+prevailed a complete understanding, with no grudge left.
+
+The honor of this fine resuscitation project is ascribed to
+Robinson by the Vienna people: "Robinson's suggestion," they
+always say: how far it was, or whether at all it was or not,
+nobody at present knows. Guess rather, if necessary, it had been
+the Kaiser's own! Robinson, as the thing proceeds, is instructed
+from St. James's to "look on and not interfere;" [Despatches, in
+State-Paper Office] Prince Eugene, too, we can observe, is
+privately against it, though officially urgent, and doing his
+best. Who knows,--or need know?
+
+Enough that High Heads are set upon it; that the diplomatic wigs
+are all wagging with it, from about the beginning of October,
+1732; and rumors are rife and eager, occasionally spurting out
+into the Newspapers: Double-Marriage after all, hint the old
+Rumors: Double-Marriage somehow or other; Crown-Prince to have his
+English Princess, Prince Fred of England to console the Brunswick
+one for loss of her Crown-Prince; or else Prince Karl of Brunswick
+to-- And half a dozen other ways; which Rumor cannot settle to its
+satisfaction. The whispers upon it, from Hanover, from Vienna, at
+Berlin, and from the Diplomatic world in general, occasionally
+whistling through the Newspapers, are manifold and incessant,--not
+worthy of the least attention from us here. [Forster, iii. 111,
+120, 108, 113, 122.] What is certain is, Seckendorf, in the end of
+October, is corresponding on it with Prince Eugene; has got
+instructions to propose the matter in Tobacco-Parliament; and does
+not like it at all. Grumkow, who perhaps has seen dangerous clouds
+threatening to mount upon him, and never been quite himself again
+in the Royal Mind since that questionable NOSTI business,
+dissuades earnestly, constantly. "Nothing but mischief will come
+of such a proposal," says Grumkow steadily; and for his own share
+absolutely declines concern in it.
+
+But Prince Eugene's orders are express; remonstrances, cunctations
+only strengthen the determination of the High Heads or Head:
+Forward with this beautiful scheme! Seckendorf, puckered into
+dangerous anxieties, but summoning all his cunning, has at length,
+after six weeks' hesitation, to open it, as if casually, in some
+favorable hour, to his Prussian Majesty. December 5th, 1732, as we
+compute;--a kind of epoch in his Majesty's life. Prussian Majesty
+stares wide-eyed; the breath as if struck out of him; repeats,
+"Julich and Berg absolutely secured, say you? But--hm, na!"--and
+has not yet taken in the unspeakable dimensions of the occurrence.
+"What? Imperial Majesty will make me break my word before all the
+world? Imperial Majesty has been whirling me about, face now to
+the east, face straightway round to the west: Imperial Majesty
+does not feel that I am a man and king at all; takes me for a mere
+machine, to be seesawed and whirled hither and thither, like a
+rotatory Clothes-horse, to dry his Imperial Majesty's linen upon.
+TAUSEND HIMMEL--!"
+
+The full dimensions of all this did not rise clear upon the
+intellect of Prussian Majesty,--a slow intellect, but a true and
+deep, with terrible earthquakes and poetic fires lying under it,--
+not at once, or for months, perhaps years to come. But they had
+begun to dawn upon him painfully here; they rose gradually into
+perfect clearness: all things seen at last as what they were;--
+with huge submarine earthquake for consequence, and total change
+of mind towards Imperial Majesty and the drying of his Pragmatic
+linen, in Friedrich Wilhelm. Amiable Orson, true to the heart;
+amiable, though terrible when too much put upon!
+
+This dawning process went on for above two years to come,
+painfully, reluctantly, with explosions, even with tears.
+But here, directly on the back of Seckendorf's proposal, and
+recorded from a sure hand, is what we may call the peep-of-day in
+that matter: First Session of Tobacco-Parliament, close after that
+event. Event is on the 5th December, 1732; Tobacco Session is of
+the 6th;--glimpse of it is given by Speaker Grumkow himself;
+authentic to the bone.
+
+
+SESSION OF TOBACCO-PARLIAMENT, 6th DECEMBER, 1732.
+
+Grumkow, shattered into "headache" by this Session, writes Report
+of it to Seckendorf before going to bed. Look, reader, into one of
+the strangest Political Establishments; and how a strange Majesty
+comports himself there, directly after such proposal from Vienna
+to marry with England still!--"Schwerin" is incidentally in from
+Frankfurt-on-Oder, where his Regiment and business usually lie:
+the other Honorable Members we sufficiently know. Majesty has been
+a little out of health lately; perceptibly worse the last two
+days. "Syberg" is a Gold-cook (Alchemical gentleman, of very high
+professions), came to Berlin some time ago; whom his Majesty,
+after due investigation, took the liberty to hang. [Forster, iii.
+126.] Readers can now understand what speaker Grumkow writes, and
+despatches by his lackey, in such haste:--
+
+"I never saw such a scene as this evening. Derschau, Schwerin,
+Buddenbrock, Rochow, Flanz were present. We had been about an hour
+in the Red Room [languidly doing our tobacco off and on], when he
+[the King] had us shifted into the Little Room: drove out the
+servants; and cried, looking fixedly at me: 'No, I cannot endure
+it any longer! ES STOSSET MIR DAS HERZ AB,' cried he, breaking
+into German: 'It crushes the heart out of me; to make me do a bit
+of scoundrelism, me, me! I say; no, never! Those damned intrigues;
+may the Devil take them!'--
+
+"EGO (Grumkow). 'Of course, I know of nothing. But I do not
+comprehend your Majesty's inquietude, coming thus on the sudden,
+after our common indifferent mood.'
+
+"KING. 'What, make me a villain! I will tell it right out.
+Certain damned scoundrels have been about betraying me.
+People that should have known me better have been trying to lead
+me into a dishonorable scrape'--("Here I called in the hounds, JE
+ROMPIS LES CHIENS," reports Grumkow, "for he was going to blab
+everything; I interrupted, saying):--
+
+"EGO. 'But, your Majesty, what is it ruffles you so? I know not
+what you talk of. Your Majesty has honorable people about you;
+and the man who lets himself be employed in things against your
+Majesty must be a traitor.'
+
+"KING. 'Yes, JA, JA. I will do things that will surprise
+them. I--'
+
+"And, in short, a torrent of exclamations: which I strove to
+soften by all manner of incidents and contrivances; succeeding
+at last,"--by dexterity and time (but, at this point, the light is
+now blown out, and we SEE no more):--"so that he grew quite calm
+again, and the rest of the evening passed gently enough.
+
+"Well, you see what the effect of your fine Proposal is, which you
+said he would like! I can tell you, it is the most detestable
+incident that could have turned up. I know, you had your orders:
+but you may believe and depend on it, he has got his heart driven
+rabid by the business, and says, 'Who knows now whether that
+villain Syberg' Gold-cook, that was hanged the other day, 'was not
+set on by some people to poison me?' In a word, he was like
+a madman.
+
+"What struck me most was when he repeated, 'Only think! Think! Who
+would have expected it of people that should have known me;
+and whom I know, and have known, better than they fancy!'"--
+Pleasant passage for Seckendorf to chew the cud upon, through the
+night-watches!
+
+"In fine, as I was somewhat confused; and anxious, above all, to
+keep him from exploding with the secret, I cannot remember
+everything, But Derschau, who was more at his ease, will be able
+to give you a full account. He [the King] said more than once:
+'THIS was his sickness; the thing that ailed him, this: it gnawed
+his heart, and would be the death of him!' He certainly did not
+affect; he was in a very convulsive condition. [JARNI-BLEU, here
+is a piece of work, Herr Seckendorf!]--Adieu, I have a headache."
+Whereupon to bed.
+
+"GRUMKOW."
+
+[Forster, iii. 135, 136.]
+
+This Hansard Report went off direct to Prince Eugene; and ought to
+have been a warning to the high Vienna heads and him. But they
+persisted not the less to please Robinson or themselves;
+considering his Prussian Majesty to be, in fact, a mere rotatory
+Clothes-horse for drying the Imperial linen on; and to have no
+intellect at all, because he was without guile, and had no
+vulpinism at all. In which they were very much mistaken indeed.
+History is proud to report that the guileless Prussian Majesty,
+steadily attending to his own affairs in a wise manner, though
+hoodwinked and led about by Black-Artists as he had been, turned
+out when Fact and Nature subsequently pronounced upon it, to have
+had more intellect than the whole of them together,--to have been,
+in a manner, the only one of them that had any real "intellect,"
+or insight into Fact and Nature, at all. Consummate Black-art
+Diplomacies overnetting the Universe, went entirely to water,
+running down the gutters to the last drop; and a prosperous
+Drilled Prussia, compact, organic in every part, from diligent
+plough-sock to shining bayonet and iron ramrod, remained standing.
+"A full Treasury and 200,000 well-drilled men would be the one
+guarantee to your Pragmatic Sanction," Prince Eugene had said.
+But that bit of insight was not accepted at Vienna; Black-art, and
+Diplomatic spider-webs from pole to pole, being thought the
+preferable method.
+
+Enough, Seckendorf was ordered to manipulate and soothe down the
+Prussian Majesty, as surely would be easy; to continue his
+galvanic operations on the Double-Match, or produce a rotation in
+the purposes of the royal breast. Which he diligently strove to
+do, when once admitted to speech again;--Grumkow steadily
+declining to meddle, and only Queen Sophie, as we can fancy,
+auguring joyfully of it. Seckendorf, admitted to speech the third
+day after that explosive Session, snuffles his softest, his
+cunningest;--continues to ride diligently, the concluding portion
+(such it proved) of his 25,000 miles with the Prussian Majesty up
+and down through winter and spring; but makes not the least
+progress, the reverse rather.
+
+Their dialogues and arguings on the matter, here and elsewhere,
+are lost in air; or gone wholly to a single point unexpectedly
+preserved for us. One day, riding through some village, Priort
+some say his Majesty calls it, some give another name,--advocate
+Seckendorf, in the fervor of pleading and arguing, said some word,
+which went like a sudden flash of lightning through the dark
+places of his Majesty's mind, and never would go out of it again
+while he lived after. In passionate moments, his Majesty spoke of
+it sometimes, a clangorous pathos in his tones, as of a thing
+hideous, horrible, never to be forgotten, which had killed him,--
+death from a friend's hand. "It was the 17th of April, 1733, [All
+the Books (Forster, ii. 142, for one) mention this utterance of
+his Majesty, on what occasion we shall see farther on; and give
+the date "1732," not 1733: but except as amended above, it refuses
+to have any sense visible at this distance. The Village of Priort
+is in the Potsdam region.] riding through Priort, a man said
+something to me: it was as if you had turned a dagger about in my
+heart. That man was he that killed me; there and then I got my
+death!"
+
+A strange passion in that utterance: the deep dumb soul of his
+Majesty, of dumb-poetic nature, suddenly brought to a fatal
+clearness about certain things. "O Kaiser, Kaiser of the Holy
+Roman Empire; and this is your return for my loyal faith in you?
+I had nearly killed my Fritz, my Wilhelmina, broken my Feekin's
+heart and my own, and reduced the world to ruins for your sake.
+And because I was of faith more than human, you took me for a dog?
+O Kaiser, Kaiser!"--Poor Friedrich Wilhelm, he spoke of this
+often, in excited moments, in his later years; the tears running
+down his cheeks, and the whole man melted into tragic emotion:
+but if Fritz were there, the precious Fritz whom he had almost
+killed for their sake, he would say, flashing out into proud rage,
+"There is one that will avenge me, though; that one! DA STEHT
+EINER, DER MICH RACHEN WIRD!"[Forster, ii. 153.]  Yes, your
+Majesty; perhaps that one. And it will be seen whether YOU were a
+rotatory Clothes-horse to dry their Pragmatic linen upon, or
+something different a good deal.
+
+
+
+Chapter VI.
+
+KING AUGUST MEDITATING GREAT THINGS FOR POLAND.
+
+In the New-year's days of 1733, the topic among diplomatic
+gentlemen, which set many big wigs wagging, and even tremulously
+came out in the gray leaves of gazetteers and garreteers of the
+period, was a royal drama, dimly supposed to be getting itself up
+in Poland at this time. Nothing known about it for certain;
+much guessed. "Something in the rumor!" nods this wig; "Nothing!"
+wags that, slightly oscillating; and gazetteers, who would earn
+their wages, and have a peck of coals apiece to glad them in the
+cold weather, had to watch with all eagerness the movements of
+King August, our poor old friend, the Dilapidated-Strong, who is
+in Saxony at present; but bound for Warsaw shortly,--just about
+lifting the curtain on important events, it is thought and not
+thought. Here are the certainties of it, now clear enough, so far
+as they deserve a glance from us.
+
+January l0th, 1733, August the Dilapidated-Strong of Poland has
+been in Saxony, looking after his poor Electorate a little; and is
+on the road from Dresden homewards again;--will cross a corner of
+the Prussian Dominions, as his wont is on such occasions.
+Prussian Majesty, if not appearing in person, will as usual, by
+some Official of rank, send a polite Well-speed-you as the brother
+Majesty passes. This time, however, it was more than politeness;
+the Polish Majesty having, as was thought, such intricate affairs
+in the wind. Let Grumkow, the fittest man in all ways, go, and do
+the greeting to his old Patroon: greeting, or whatever else may
+be needed.
+
+Patroon left Dresden,--"having just opened the Carnival" or
+fashionable Season there, opened and nothing more,--January l0th,
+1733; [Fassmann, <italic> Leben Friedrich Augusti des Grossen,
+<end italic> p. 994.] being in haste home for a Polish Diet close
+at hand. On which same day Grumkow, we suppose, drives forth from
+Berlin, to intersect him, in the Neumark, about Crossen; and have
+a friendly word again, in those localities, over jolly wine.
+Intersection took place duly;--there was exuberant joy on the part
+of the Patroon; and such a dinner and night of drinking, as has
+seldom been. Abstruse things lie close ahead of August the
+Dilapidated-Strong, important to Prussia, and for which Prussia is
+important; let Grumkow try if he can fish the matter into
+clearness out of these wine-cups. And then August, on his side,
+wishes to know what the Kaiser said at Kladrup lately; there is
+much to be fished into clearness.
+
+Many are the timea August the Strong has made this journey;
+many are the carousals, on such and other occasions, Grumkow and
+he have had. But there comes an end to all things. This was their
+last meeting, over flowing liquor or otherwise, in the world.
+Satirical History says, they drank all night, endeavoring to pump
+one another, and with such enthusiasm that they never recovered
+it; drank themselves to death at Crossen on that occasion.
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic (Memoires de Brandenbourg), <end
+italic> i. 163.] It is certain August died within three weeks;
+and people said of Grumkow, who lived six years longer, he was
+never well after this bout. Is it worth any human Creature's while
+to look into the plans of this precious pair of individuals?
+Without the least expense of drinking, the secrets they were
+pumping out of each other are now accessible enough,--if it were
+of importance now. One glance I may perhaps commend to the reader,
+out of these multifarious Note-books in my possession:--
+
+"August, by change of his religion, and other sad operations, got
+to be what they called the King of Poland, thirty five years ago;
+but, though looking glorious to the idle public, it has been a
+crown of stinging-nettles to the poor man,--a sedan-chair running
+on rapidly, with the bottom broken out! To say nothing of the
+scourgings he got, and poor Saxony along with him, from Charles
+XII., on account of this Sovereignty so called, what has the thing
+itself been to him? In Poland, for these thirty-five years, the
+individual who had least of his real will done in public matters
+has been, with infinite management, and display of such good-humor
+as at least deserves credit, the nominal Sovereign Majesty of
+Poland. Anarchic Grandees have been kings over him; ambitious,
+contentious, unmanageable;--very fanatical too, and never
+persuaded that August's Apostasy was more than a sham one, not
+even when he made his Prince apostatize too. Their Sovereignty has
+been a mere peck of troubles, disgraces and vexations: for those
+thirty-five years, an ever-boiling pot of mutiny, contradiction,
+insolence, hardly tolerable even to such nerves as August's.
+
+"August, for a long time back, has been thinking of schemes to
+clap some lid upon all that. To make the Sovereignty hereditary in
+his House: that, with the good Saxon troops we have, would be a
+remedy;--and in fact it is the only remedy. John Casimir (who
+abdicated long ago, in the Great Elector's time, and went to
+Paris,--much charmed with Ninon de l'Enclos there) told the Polish
+Diets, With their LIBERUM VETO, and 'right of confederation' and
+rebellion, they would bring the country down under the feet of
+mankind, and reduce their Republic to zero one day, if they
+persisted. They have not failed to persist. With some hereditary
+King over it, and a regulated Saxony to lean upon: truly might it
+not be a change to the better? To the worse, it could hardly be,
+thinks August the Strong; and goes intent upon that method, this
+long while back;--and at length hopes now, in few days longer, at
+the Diet just assembling, to see fruits appear, and the thing
+actually begin.
+
+"The difficulties truly are many; internal and external:--but
+there are calculated methods, too. For the internal: Get up, by
+bribery, persuasion, some visible minority to countenance you;
+with these manoeuvre in the Diets; on the back of these, the
+30,000 Saxon troops. But then what will the neighboring Kings say?
+The neighboring Kings, with their big-mouthed manifestoes, pities
+for an oppressed Republic, overwhelming forces, and invitations to
+'confederate' and revolt: without their tolerance first had,
+nothing can be done. That is the external difficulty. For which
+too there is a remedy. Cut off sufficient outlying slices of
+Poland; fling these to the neighboring Kings to produce consent:
+Partition of Poland, in fact; large sections of its Territory
+sliced away: that will be the method, thinks King August.
+
+"Neighboring Kings, Kaiser, Prussia, Russia, to them it is not
+grievous that Poland should remain in perennial anarchy, in
+perennial impotence; the reverse rather: a dead horse, or a dying,
+in the next stall,--he at least will not kick upon us, think the
+neighboring Kings. And yet,--under another similitude,--you do not
+like your next-door neighbor to be always on the point of catching
+fire; smoke issuing, thicker or thinner, through the slates of his
+roof, as a perennial phenomenon? August will conciliate the
+neighboring Kings. Russia, big-cheeked Anne Czarina there, shall
+have not only Courland peaceably henceforth, but the Ukraine,
+Lithuania, and other large outlying slices; that surely will
+conciliate Russia. To Austria, on its Hungarian border, let us
+give the Country of Zips;--nay there are other sops we have for
+Austria. Pragmatic Sanction, hitherto refused as contrary to plain
+rights of ours,--that, if conceded to a spectre-hunting Kaiser?
+To Friedrich Wilhelm we could give West-Preussen; West-Preussen
+torn away three hundred years ago, and leaving a hiatus in the
+very continuity of Friedrich Wilhelm: would not that conciliate
+him? Of all enemies or friends, Friedrich Wilhelm, close at hand
+with 80,000 men capable of fighting at a week's, notice, is by far
+the most important.
+
+"These are August's plans: West-Preussen for the nearest Neighbor;
+Zips for Austria; Ukraine, Lithuania, and appendages for the
+Russian Czarina: handsome Sections to be sliced off, and flung to
+good neighbors; as it were, all the outlying limbs and wings of
+the Polish Territory sliced off; compact body to remain, and
+become, by means of August and Saxon troops, a Kingdom with
+government, not an imaginary Republic without government any
+longer. In fact, it was the 'Partition of Poland,' such as took
+effect forty years after, and has kept the Newspapers weeping ever
+since. Partition of Poland,--MINUS the compact interior held under
+government, by a King with Saxon troops or otherwise.
+Compact interior, in that effective partition, forty years after,
+was left as anarchic as ever; and had to be again partitioned, and
+cut away altogether,--with new torrents of loud tears from the
+Newspapers, refusing to be comforted to this day.
+
+"It is not said that Friedrich Wilhelm had the least intention of
+countenancing August in these dangerous operations, still less of
+going shares with August; but he wished much, through Grumkow, to
+have some glimpse into the dim program of them; and August wished
+much to know Friedrich Wilhelm's and Grumkow's humor towards them.
+Grumkow and August drank oopiously, or copiously pressed drink on
+one another, all night (llth-12th January, 1733, as I compute;
+some say at Crossen, some say at Frauendorf a royal domain near
+by), with the view of mutually fishing out those secrets;--and
+killed one another in the business, as is rumored."
+
+What were Grumkow's news at home-coming, I did not hear; but he
+continues very low and shaky;--refuses, almost with horror, to
+have the least hand in Seckendorf's mad project, of resuscitating
+the English Double-Marriage, and breaking off the Brunswick one,
+at the eleventh hour and after word pledged. Seckendorf himself
+continues to dislike and dissuade: but the High Heads at Vienna
+are bent on it; and command new strenuous attempts;--literally at
+the last moment; which is now come.
+
+
+
+Chapter VII.
+
+CROWN-PRINCE'S MARRIAGE.
+
+Since November last, Wilhelmina is on visit at Berlin,--first
+visit since her marriage;--she stays there for almost ten months;
+not under the happiest auspices, poor child. Mamma's reception of
+her, just off the long winter journey, and extenuated with
+fatigues and sickly chagrins, was of the most cutting cruelty:
+"What do you want here? What is a mendicant like you come hither
+for?" And next night, when Papa himself came home, it was little
+better. "Ha, ha," said he, "here you are; I am glad to see you."
+Then holding up a light, to take view of me: "How changed you
+are!" said he: "What is little Frederika [my little Baby at
+Baireuth] doing?" And on my answering, continued: "I am sorry for
+you, on my word. You have not bread to eat; and but for me you
+might go begging. I am a poor man myself, not able to give you
+much; but I will do what I can. I will give you now and then a
+twenty or a thirty shillings (PAR DIX OU DOUZE FLORINS), as my
+affairs permit: it will always be something to assuage your want.
+And you, Madam," said he, turning to the Queen, "you will
+sometimes give her an old dress; for the poor child has n't a
+shift to her back." [Wilhelmina, ii. 85.] This rugged paternal
+banter was taken too literally by Wilhelmina, in her weak state;
+and she was like "to burst in her skin," poor Princess.
+
+So that,--except her own good Hereditary Prince, who was here
+"over from Pasewalk" and his regimental duties, waiting to welcome
+her; in whose true heart, full of honest human sunshine towards
+her, she could always find shelter and defence,--native Country
+and Court offer little to the brave Wilhelmina. Chagrins enough
+are here: chagrins also were there. At Baireuth our old Father
+Margraf has his crotchets, his infirmities and outbreaks;
+takes more and more to liquor; and does always keep us frightfully
+bare in money. No help from Papa here, either, on the finance
+side; no real hope anywhere (thinks Seckendorf, when we consult
+him), except only in the Margraf's death: "old Margraf will soon
+drink himself dead," thinks Seckendorf; "and in the mean while
+there is Vienna, and a noble Kaiserinn who knows her friends in
+case of extremity!" thinks he. [Wilhelmina, ii. 81-111.]
+Poor Princess, in her weak shattered state, she has a heavy time
+of it; but there is a tough spirit in her; bright, sharp, like a
+swift sabre, not to be quenched in any coil; but always cutting
+its way, and emerging unsubdued.
+
+One of the blessings reserved for her here, which most of all
+concerns us, was the occasional sight of her Brother. Brother in a
+day or two ["18th November," she says; which date is wrong, if it
+were of moment (see <italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic>
+xxvii. part 1st, where their CORRESPONDENCE is).] ran over from
+Ruppin, on short leave, and had his first interview. Very kind and
+affectionate; quite the old Brother again; and "blushed" when, at
+supper, Mamma and the Princesses, especially that wicked Charlotte
+(Papa not present), tore up his poor Bride at such a rate.
+"Has not a word to answer you, but YES or NO," said they;
+"stupid as a block." "But were you ever at her toilette?" said the
+wicked Charlotte: "Out of shape, completely: considerable
+waddings, I promise you: and then"--still worse features, from
+that wicked Charlotte, in presence of the domestics here.
+Wicked Charlotte; who is to be her Sister-in-law soon;--and who is
+always flirting with my Husband, as if she liked that better!--
+Crown-Prince retired, directly after supper: as did I, to my
+apartment, where in a minute or two he joined me.
+
+"To the question, How with the King and you? he answered, 'That
+his situation was changing every moment; that sometimes he was in
+favor, sometimes in disgrace;--that his chief happiness consisted
+in absence. That he led a soft and tranquil life with his Regiment
+at Ruppin; study and music his principal occupations; he had built
+himself a House there, and laid out a Garden, where he could read,
+and walk about.' Then as to his Bride, I begged him to tell me
+candidly if the portrait the Queen and my Sister had been making
+of her was the true one. 'We are alone,' replied he, 'and I will
+conceal nothing from you. The Queen, by her miserable intrigues,
+has been the source of our misfortunes. Scarcely were you gone
+when she began again with England; wished to substitute our Sister
+Charlotte for you; would have had me undertake to contradict the
+King's will again, and flatly refuse the Brunswick Match;--which I
+declined. That is the source of her venom against this poor
+Princess. As to the young Lady herself, I do not hate her so much
+as I pretend; I affect complete dislike, that the King may value
+my obedience more. She is pretty, a complexion lily-and-rose;
+her features delicate; face altogether of a beautiful person.
+True, she has no breeding, and dresses very ill: but I flatter
+myself, when she comes hither, you will have the goodness to take
+her in hand. I recommend her to you, my dear Sister; and beg your
+protection for her.' It is easy to judge, my answer would be such
+as he desired." [Wilhelmina, ii. 89.]
+
+For which small glimpse of the fact itself, at first-hand, across
+a whirlwind of distracted rumors new and old about the fact, let
+us be thankful to Wilhelmina. Seckendorf's hopeless attempts to
+resuscitate extinct English things, and make the Prussian Majesty
+break his word, continue to the very last; but are worth no notice
+from us. Grumkow's Drinking-bout with the Dilapidated-Strong at
+Crossen, which follows now in January, has been already noticed by
+us. And the Dilapidated-Strong's farewell next morning,--"Adieu,
+dear Grumkow; I think I shall not see you again!" as he rolled off
+towards Warsaw and the Diet,--will require farther notice;
+but must stand over till this Marriage be got done. Of which
+latter Event,--Wilhelmina once more kindling the old dark Books
+into some light for us,--the essential particulars are briefly
+as follows.
+
+Monday, 8th June, 1733, the Crown-Prince is again over from
+Ruppin: King, Queen and Crown-Prince are rendezvoused at Potsdam;
+and they set off with due retinues towards Wolfenbuttel, towards
+Salzdahlum the Ducal Schloss there; Sister Wilhelmina sending
+blessings, if she had them, on a poor Brother in such interesting
+circumstances. Mamma was "plunged in black melancholy;" King not
+the least; in the Crown-Prince nothing particular to be remarked.
+They reached Salzdahlum, Duke Ludwig Rudolf the Grandfather's
+Palace, one of the finest Palaces, with Gardens, with antiques,
+with Picture-Galleries no end; a mile or two from Wolfenbuttel;
+built by old Anton Ulrich, and still the ornament of those parts;
+--reached Salzdahlum, Wednesday the 10th; where Bride, with
+Father, Mother, much more Grandfather, Grandmother, and all the
+sublimities interested, are waiting in the highest gala;
+Wedding to be on Friday next.
+
+Friday morning, this incident fell out, notable and somewhat
+contemptible: Seckendorf, who is of the retinue, following his bad
+trade, visits his Majesty who is still in bed:--"Pardon, your
+Majesty: what shall I say for excuse? Here is a Letter just come
+from Vienna; in Prince Eugene's hand;--Prince Eugene, or a Higher,
+will say something, while it is still time!" Majesty, not in
+impatience, reads the little Prince's and the Kaiser's Letter.
+"Give up this, we entreat you for the last time; marry with
+England after all!" Majesty reads, quiet as a lamb; lays the
+Letter under his pillow; will himself answer it; and does
+straightway, with much simple dignity, to the effect, "For
+certain, Never, my always respected Prince!" [Account of the
+Interview by Seckendorf, in Forster, iii, 148-155; Copy of the
+answer itself is in the State-Paper Office here.] Seckendorf,
+having thus shot his last bolt, does not stay many hours longer at
+Salzdahlum;--may as well quit Friedrich Wilhelm altogether, for
+any good he will henceforth do upon him. This is the one incident
+between the Arrival at Salzdahlum and the Wedding there.
+
+Same Friday, 12th June, 1733, at a more advanced hour, the Wedding
+itself took effect; Wedding which, in spite of the mad rumors and
+whispers, in the Newspapers, Diplomatic Despatches and elsewhere,
+went off, in all respects, precisely as other weddings do; a quite
+human Wedding now and afterwards. Officiating Clergyman was the
+Reverend Herr Mosheim: readers know with approval the <italic>
+Ecclesiastical History <end italic> of Mosheim: he, in the
+beautiful Chapel of the Schloss, with Majesties and Brunswick
+Sublimities looking on, performed the ceremony: and Crown-Prince
+Friedrich of Prussia has fairly wedded the Serene Princess
+Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Bevern, age eighteen coming,
+manners rather awkward, complexion lily-and-rose;--and History is
+right glad to have done with the wearisome affair, and know it
+settled on any tolerable terms whatever. Here is a Note of
+Friedrich's to his dear Sister, which has been preserved:--
+
+TO PRINCESS WILHELMINA OF BAIREUTH, AT BERLIN.
+
+"SALZDAHLUM, Noon, 19th June, 1733.
+
+"MY DEAR SISTER,--A minute since, the whole Ceremony was got
+finished; and God be praised it is over! I hope you will take it
+as a mark of my friendship that I give you the first news of it.
+
+"I hope I shall have the honor to see you again soon; and to
+assure you, my dear Sister, that I am wholly yours (TOUT A VOUS).
+I write in great haste; and add nothing that is merely formal.
+Adieu. [<italic> OEuvres, <end italic> xxvii. part 1st, p. 9.]
+
+FREDERIC."
+
+One Keyserling, the Prince's favorite gentleman, came over
+express, with this Letter and the more private news; Wilhelmina
+being full of anxieties. Keyserling said, The Prince was inwardly
+"well content with his lot; though he had kept up the old farce to
+the last; and pretended to be in frightful humor, on the very
+morning; bursting out upon his valets in the King's presence, who
+reproved him, and looked rather pensive,"--recognizing, one hopes,
+what a sacrifice it was. The Queen's Majesty, Keyserling reported,
+"was charmed with the style and ways of the Brunswick Court;
+but could not endure the Princess-Royal [new Wife], and treated
+the two Duchesses like dogs (COMME DES CHIENS)." [Wilhelmina,
+ii. 114.] Reverend Abbot Mosheim (such his title; Head Churchman,
+theological chief of Helmstadt University in those parts, with a
+couple of extinct little ABBACIES near by, to help his stipend)
+preached next Sunday, "On the Marriage of the Righteous,"--
+felicitous appropriate Sermon, said a grateful public;
+[Text, Psalm, xcli. 12; "Sermon printed in Mosheim's <italic>
+Works." <end italic>]--and in short, at Salzdahlum all goes, if
+not as merry as some marriage-bells, yet without jarring to
+the ear.
+
+On Tuesday, both the Majesties set out towards Potsdam again;
+"where his Majesty," having business waiting, "arrived some time
+before the Queen." Thither also, before the week ends, Crown-
+Prince Friedrich with his Bride, and all the Serenities of
+Brunswick escorting, are upon the road,--duly detained by
+complimentary harangues, tedious scenic evolutions at Magdeburg
+and the intervening Towns;--grand entrance of the Princess-Royal
+into Berlin is not till the 27th, last day of the week following.
+That was such a day as Wilhelmina never saw; no sleep the night
+before; no breakfast can one taste: between Charlottenburg and
+Berlin, there is a review of unexampled splendor; "above eighty
+oarriages of us," and only a tent or two against the flaming June
+sun: think of it! Review begins at four a.m.;--poor Wilhelmina
+thought she would verily have died, of heat and thirst and hunger,
+in the crowded tent, under the flaming June sun; before the Review
+could end itself, and march into Berlin, trumpeting and salvoing,
+with the Princess-Royal at the head of it. [Wilhelmina,
+ii. 127-129.]
+
+Of which grand flaming day, and of the unexampled balls and
+effulgent festivities that followed, "all Berlin ruining itself in
+dresses and equipages," we will say nothing farther; but give
+only, what may still have some significance for readers,
+Wilhelmina's Portrait of the Princess-Royal on their first
+meeting, which had taken place at Potsdam two days before.
+The Princess-Royal had arrived at Potsdam too, on that occasion,
+across a grand Review; Majesty himself riding out, Majesty and
+Crown-Prince, who had preceded her a little, to usher in the poor
+young creature;--Thursday, June 25th, 1733:--
+
+"The King led her into the Queen's Apartment; then seeing, after
+she had saluted us all, that she was much heated and dispowdered
+(DEPOUDREE), he bade my Brother take her to her own room.
+I followed them thither. My Brother said to her, introducing me:
+'This is a Sister I adore, and am obliged to beyond measure.
+She has had the goodness to promise me that she will take care of
+you, and help you with her good counsel; I wish you to respect her
+beyond even the King and Queen, and not to take the least step
+without her advice: do you understand?' I embraced the Princess-
+Royal, and gave her every assurance of my attachment; but she
+remained like a statue, not answering a word. Her people not being
+come, I repowdered her myself, and readjusted her dress a little,
+without the least sign of thanks from her, or any answer to all my
+caressings. My Brother got impatient at last; and said aloud:
+'Devil's in the blockhead (PESTE SOIT DE LA BETE): thank my
+Sister, then!' She made me a courtesy, on the model of that of
+Agnes in the ECOLE DES FEMMES. I took her back to the Queen's
+Apartment; little edified by such a display of talent.
+
+"The Princess-Royal is tall; her figure is not fine: stooping
+slightly, or hanging forward, as she walks or stands, which gives
+her an awkward air. Her complexion is of dazzling whiteness,
+heightened by the liveliest colors: her eyes are pale blue, and
+not of much promise for spiritual gifts. Mouth small; features
+generally small,--dainty (MIGNONS) rather than beautiful:--and the
+countenance altogether is so innocent and infantine, you would
+think this head belonged to a child of twelve. Her hair is blond,
+plentiful, curling in natural locks. Teeth are unhappily very bad,
+black and ill set; which are a disfigurement in this fine face.
+She has no manners, nor the least vestige of tact; has much
+difficulty in speaking and making herself understood: for most
+part you are obliged to guess what she means; which is very
+embarrassing." [Wilhelmina, ii. 119-121.]
+
+The Berlin gayeties--for Karl, Heir-Apparent of Brunswick, brother
+to this Princess-Royal, wedded his Charlotte, too, about a week
+hence [2d July, 1733.]--did not end, and the serene Guests
+disappear, till far on in July. After which an Inspection with
+Papa; and then Friedrich got back to Ruppin and his old way of
+life there. Intrinsically the old studious, quietly diligent way
+of life; varied by more frequent excursions to Berlin;--where as
+yet the Princess-Royal usually resides, till some fit residence be
+got ready in the Ruppin Country for a wedded Crown-Prince and her.
+
+The young Wife had an honest guileless heart; if little articulate
+intellect, considerable inarticulate sense; did not fail to learn
+tact, perpendicular attitude, speech enough;--and I hope kept well
+clear of pouting (FAIRE LA FACHEE), a much more dangerous rock for
+her. With the gay temper of eighteen, and her native loyalty of
+mind, she seems to have shaped herself successfully to the
+Prince's taste; and growing yearly gracefuler and better-looking
+was an ornament and pleasant addition to his Ruppin existence.
+These first seven years, spent at Berlin or in the Ruppin quarter,
+she always regarded as the flower of her life. [Busching
+(Autobiography, <italic> Beitrage, <end italic> vi.) heard her say
+so, in advanced years.]
+
+Papa, according to promise, has faithfully provided a Crown-
+Prince Palace at Berlin; all trimmed and furnished, for occasional
+residences there; the late "Government House" (originally
+SCHOMBERG House), new-built,--which is, to this day, one of the
+distinguished Palaces of Berlin. Princess-Royal had Schonhausen
+given her; a pleasant Royal Mansion some miles out of Berlin, on
+the Ruppin side. Furthermore, the Prince-Royal, being now a wedded
+man, has, as is customary in such case, a special AMT (Government
+District) set apart for his support; the "Amt of Ruppin," where
+his business lies. What the exact revenues of Ruppin are, is not
+communicated; but we can justly fear they were far too frugal,--
+and excused the underhand borrowing, which is evident enough as a
+painful shadow in the Prince's life henceforth. He does not seem
+to have been wasteful; but he borrows all round, under sevenfold
+secrecy, from benevolent Courts, from Austria, Russia, England:
+and the only pleasant certainty we notice in such painful business
+is, that, on his Accession, he pays with exactitude,--sends his
+Uncle George of England, for example, the complete amount in
+rouleaus of new coin, by the first courier that goes. [Despatch
+(of adjacent date) in the State-Paper Office here.]
+
+A thought too frugal, his Prussian Majesty; but he means to be
+kind, bountiful; and occasionally launches out into handsome
+munificence. This very Autumn, hearing that the Crown-Prince and
+his Princess fancied Reinsberg; an old Castle in their Amt Ruppin,
+some miles north of them,--his Majesty, without word spoken,
+straightway purchased Reinsberg, Schloss and Territory, from the
+owner; gave it to his Crown-Prince, and gave him money to new-
+build it according to his mind. [23d Oct. 1733-16th March, 1734
+(Preuss, i. 75).] Which the Crown-Prince did with much interest,
+under very wise architectural advice, for the next three years;
+then went into it, to reside;--yet did not cease new-building,
+improving, artistically adorning, till it became in all points the
+image of his taste.
+
+A really handsome princely kind of residence, that of Reinsberg:--
+got up with a thrift that most of all astonishes us. In which
+improved locality we shall by and by look in upon him again.
+For the present we must to Warsaw, where tragedies and troubles
+are in the wind, which turn out to be not quite without importance
+to the Crown-Prince and us.
+
+
+
+Chapter VIII.
+
+KING AUGUST DIES; AND POLAND TAKES FIRE.
+
+Meanwhile, over at Warsaw, there has an Event fallen out.
+Friedrich, writing rapidly from vague reminiscence, as he often
+does, records it as "during the marriage festivities;"
+[<italic> OEuvres (Memoires de Brandenbourg), <end italic>
+i. 163.] but it was four good months earlier. Event we must now
+look at for a moment.
+
+In the end of January last, we left Grumkow in a low and
+hypochondriacal state, much shaken by that drinking-bout at
+Crossen, when the Polisb Majesty and he were so anxious to pump
+one another, by copious priming with Hungary wine. About a
+fortnight after, in the first days of February following (day is
+not given), Grumkow reported something curious. "In my presence,"
+says Wilhelmina, "and that of forty persons," for the thing was
+much talked about, "Grumkow said to the King one morning:
+'Ah Sire, I am in despair; the poor Patroon is dead! I was lying
+broad awake, last night: all on a sudden, the curtains of my bed
+flew asunder: I saw him; he was in a shroud: he gazed fixedly at
+me: I tried to start up, being dreadfully taken; but the phantom
+disappeared!'" Here was an illustrious ghost-story for Berlin, in
+a day or two when the Courier came. "Died at the very time of the
+phantom; Death and phantom were the same night," say Wilhelmina
+and the miraculous Berlin public,--but do not say WHAT night for
+either of them it was. [Wilhelmina, ii. 98. Event happened, 1st
+February; news of it came to Berlin, 4th February: Fassmann
+(p. 485); Buchholz; &c.] By help of which latter circumstance the
+phantom becomes reasonably unmiraculous again, in a nervous system
+tremulous from drink. "They had been sad at parting," Wilhelmina
+says, "having drunk immensities of Hungary wine; the Patroon
+almost weeping over his Grumkow: 'Adieu, my dear Grumkow,' said
+he; "I shall never see you more!'"
+
+Miraculous or not, the catastrophe is true: August, the once
+Physically Strong, lies dead;--and there will be no Partition of
+Poland for the present. He had the Diet ready to assemble;
+waiting for him, at Warsaw; and good trains laid in the Diet,
+capable of fortunate explosion under a good engineer.
+Engineer, alas! The Grumkow drinking-bout had awakened that old
+sore in his foot: he came to Warsaw, eager enough for business;
+but with his stock of strength all out, and Death now close upon
+him. The Diet met, 26th-27th January; engineer all alert about the
+good trains laid, and the fortunate exploding of them; when,
+almost on the morrow--"Inflammation has come on!" said the
+Doctors, and were futile to help farther. The strong body, and its
+life, was done; and nothing remained but to call in the
+Archbishop, with his extreme unctions and soul-apparatus.
+
+August made no moaning or recalcitrating; took, on the prescribed
+terms, the inevitable that had come. Has been a very great sinner,
+he confesses to the Archbishop: "I have not at present strength to
+name my many and great sins to your Reverence," said he; "I hope
+for mercy on the"--on the usual rash terms. Terms perhaps known to
+August to be rash; to have been frightfully rash; but what can he
+now do? Archbishop thereupon gives absolution of his sins;
+Archbishop does,--a baddish, unlikely kind of man, as August well
+knows. August "laid his hand on his eyes," during such sad
+absolution-mummery; and in that posture had breathed his last,
+before it was well over. ["Sunday, 1st February, 1733, quarter
+past 4 A.M." (Fassmann, <italic> Leben Frederici Augusti Konigs in
+Pohlen, <end italic> pp. 994-997).] Unhappy soul; who shall judge
+him?--transcendent King of edacious Flunkies; not without fine
+qualities, which he turned to such a use amid the temptations of
+this world!
+
+POLAND HAS TO FIND A NEW KING.
+
+His death brought vast miseries on Poland; kindled foolish Europe
+generally into fighting, and gave our Crown-Prince his first
+actual sight and experience of the facts of War. For which reason,
+hardly for another, the thing having otherwise little memorability
+at present, let us give some brief synopsis of it, the briefer the
+better. Here, excerpted from multifarious old Note-books, are some
+main heads of the affair:--
+
+"On the disappearance of August the Strong, his plans of
+Partitioning Poland disappeared too, and his fine trains in the
+Diet abolished themselves. The Diet had now nothing to do, but
+proclaim the coming Election, giving a date to it; and go home to
+consider a little whom they would elect. ["Interregnum
+proclaimed," 11th February; Preliminary Diet to meet 21st April;--
+meets; settles, before May is done, that the Election shall BEGIN
+25th August: it must END in six weeks thereafter, by law of the
+land.] A question weighty to Poland. And not likely to be settled
+by Poland alone or chiefly; the sublime Republic, with LIBERUM
+VETO, and Diets capable only of anarchic noise, having now reached
+such a stage that its Neighbors everywhere stood upon its skirts;
+asking, 'Whitherward, then, with your anarchy? Not this way;--we
+say, that way!'-and were apt to get to battle about it, before
+such a thing could be settled. A house, in your street, with
+perpetual smoke coming through the slates of it, is not a pleasant
+house to be neighbor to! One honest interest the neighbors have,
+in an Election Crisis there, That the house do not get on fire,
+and kindle them. Dishonest interests, in the way of theft and
+otherwise, they may have without limit.
+
+"The poor house, during last Election Crisis,--when August the
+Strong was flung out, and Stanislaus brought in; Crisis presided
+over by Charles XII., with Czar Peter and others hanging on the
+outskirts, as Opposition party,--fairly got into flame;
+[Description of it in Kohler, <italic> Munzbelustigungen, <end
+italic> vi. 228-230.] but was quenched down again by that stout
+Swede; and his Stanislaus, a native Pole, was left peaceably as
+King for the years then running. Years ran; and Stanislaus was
+thrown out, Charles himself being thrown out; and had to make way
+for August the Strong again:--an ejected Stanislaus: King only in
+title; known to most readers of this time. [Stanislaus Lesczinsky,
+"Woywode of Posen," born 1677: King of Poland, Charles XII.
+superintending, 1704 (age then 27); driven out 1709, went to
+Charles XII. at Bender; to Zweibruck, 1714; thence, on Charles's
+death, to Weissenburg (Alsace, or Strasburg Country): Daughter
+married to Louis XV., 1725. Age now 56.--Hubner, t. 97; <italic>
+Histoire de Stanislas I., Roi de Pologlne <end italic> (English
+Translation, London, 1741), pp. 96-126; &c.]
+
+"Poor man, he has been living in Zweibruck, in Weissenburg and
+such places, in that Debatable French-German region,--which the
+French are more and more getting stolen to themselves, in late
+centuries:--generally on the outskirts of France he lives;
+having now connections of the highest quality with France. He has
+had fine Country-houses in that Zweibruck (TWO-BRIDGE, Deux-Ponts)
+region; had always the ghost of a Court there; plenty of money,--
+a sinecure Country-gentleman life;--and no complaints have been
+heard from him. Charles XII., as proprietor of Deux-Ponts, had
+first of all sent him into those parts for refuge; and in general,
+easy days have been the lot of Stanislaus there.
+
+"Nor has History spoken of him since, except on one small
+occasion: when the French Politician Gentlemen, at a certain
+crisis of their game, chose a Daughter of his to be Wife for young
+Louis XV., and bring royal progeny, of which they were scarce.
+This was in 1724-1725; Duc de Bourbon, and other Politicians male
+and female, finding that the best move. A thing wonderful to the
+then Gazetteers, for nine days; but not now worth much talk.
+The good young Lady, it is well known, a very pious creature, and
+sore tried in her new station, did bring royal progeny enough,--
+and might as well have held her hand, had she foreseen what would
+become of them, poor souls! This was a great event for Stanislaus,
+the sinecure Country-gentleman, in his French-German rustication.
+One other thing I have read of him, infinitely smaller, out of
+those ten years: in Zweibruck Country, or somewhere in that
+French-German region, he 'built a pleasure-cottage,' conceivable
+to the mind, 'and called it SCHUHFLICK (Shoe-Patch),' [Busching,
+<italic> Erdbeschreibung, <end italic> v. 1194.]--a name that
+touches one's fancy on behalf of the innocent soul. Other fact I
+will not remember of him. He is now to quit Shoe-Patch and his
+pleasant Weissenburg Castle; to come on the public stage again,
+poor man; and suffer a second season of mischances and disgraces
+still worse than the first. As we shall see presently;--a new
+Polish Election Crisis having come!
+
+"What individual the Polish Grandees would have chosen for King if
+entirely left alone to do it? is a question not important;
+and indeed was never asked, in this or in late Elections. Not the
+individual who could have BEEN a King among them were they, for a
+long time back, in the habit of seeking after; not him, but
+another and indeed reverse kind of individual,--the one in whom
+there lay most NOURISHMENT, nourishment of any kind, even of the
+cash kind, for a practical Polish Grandee. So that the question
+was no longer of the least importance, to Poland or the Universe;
+and in point of fact, the frugal Destinies had ceased to have it
+put, in that quarter. Not Grandees of Poland; but Intrusive
+Neighbors, carrying Grandees of Poland 'in their breeches-pocket'
+(as our phrase is), were the voting parties. To that pass it was
+come. Under such stern penalty had Poland and its Grandees fallen,
+by dint of false voting: the frugal Destinies had ceased to ask
+about their vote; and they were become machines for voting with,
+or pistols for fighting with, by bad Neighbors who cared to vote!
+Nor did the frugal Destinies consider that the proper method,
+either; but had, as we shall see, determined to abolish that too,
+in about forty years more."
+
+
+OF THE CANDIDATES; OF THE CONDITIONS. HOW THE ELECTION WENT.
+
+It was under such omens that the Polish Election of 1733 had to
+transact itself. Austria, Russia, Prussia, as next Neighbors, were
+the chief voting parties, if they cared to intrude;--which Austria
+and Russia were clear for doing; Prussia not clear, or not beyond
+the indispensable or evidently profitable. Seckendorf, and one
+Lowenwolde the Russian Ambassador at Berlin, had, some time ago,
+in foresight of this event, done their utmost to bring Friedrich
+Wilhelm into co-operation,--offering fine baits, "Berg and Julich"
+again, among others;--but nothing definite came of it: peaceable,
+reasonably safe Election in Poland, other interest Friedrich
+Wilhelm has not in the matter; and compliance, not co-operation,
+is what can be expected of him by the Kaiser and Czarina.
+Co-operating or even complying, these three could have settled it;
+and would,--had no other Neighbor interfered. But other neighbors
+can interfere; any neighbor that has money to spend, or likes to
+bully in such a matter! And that proved to be the case, in this
+unlucky instance.
+
+Austria aud Russia, with Prussia complying, had,--a year ago,
+before the late August's decease, his life seeming then an
+extremely uncertain one, and foresight being always good,--
+privately come to an understanding, [31st December, 1731, "Treaty
+of Lowenwolde" (which never got completed or became valid):
+Scholl, ii. 223.] in case of a Polish Election:--
+
+"1. That France was to have no hand in it whatever,--no tool of
+France to be King; or, as they more politely expressed it, having
+their eye upon Stanislaus, No Piast or native Pole could be
+eligible.
+"2. That neither could August's Son, the new August, who would
+then be Kurfurst of Saxony, be admitted King of Poland.--And, on
+the whole,
+"3. That an Emanuel Prince of Portugal would be the eligible man."
+Emanuel of Portugal, King of Portugal's Brother; a gentleman
+without employment, as his very Title tells us: gentleman never
+heard of before or since, in those parts or elsewhere, but
+doubtless of the due harmless quality, as Portugal itself was:
+he is to be the Polish King,--vote these Intrusive Neighbors.
+What the vote of Poland itself may be, the Destinies do not, of
+late, ask; finding it a superfluous question.
+
+So had the Three Neighbors settled this matter:--or rather,
+I should say, so had Two of them; for Friedrich Wilhelm wanted,
+now or afterwards, nothing in this Election, but that it should
+not take fire and kindle him. Two of the Neighbors: and of these
+two, perhaps we might guess the Kaiser was the principal contriver
+and suggester; France and Saxony being both hateful to him,--
+obstinate refusers of the Pragmatic Sanction, to say nothing more.
+What the Czarina, Anne with the big cheek, specially wanted, I do
+not learn,--unless it were peaceable hold of Courland; or perhaps
+merely to produce herself in these parts, as a kind of regulating
+Pallas, along with the Jupiter Kaiser of Western Europe;--which
+might have effects by and by.
+
+Emanuel of Portugal was not elected, nor so much as spoken of in
+the Diet. Nor did one of these Three Regulations take effect;
+but much the contrary,--other Neighbors having the power to
+interfere. France saw good to interfere, a rather distant
+neighbor; Austria, Russia, could not endure the French vote at
+all; and so the whole world got on fire by the business.
+
+France is not a near Neighbor; but it has a Stanislaus much
+concerned, who is eminently under the protection of France:--
+who may be called the "FATHER of France," in a sense, or even the
+"Grandfather;" his Daughter being Mother of a young creature they
+call Dauphin, or "Child of France." Fleury and the French Court
+decide that Stanislaus, Grandfather of France, was once King of
+Poland: that it will behoove, for various reasons, he be King
+again. Some say old Fleury did not care for Stanislaus;
+merely wanted a quarrel with the Kaiser,--having got himself in
+readiness, "with Lorraine in his eye;" and seeing the Kaiser not
+ready. It is likelier the hot young spirits, Belleisle and others,
+controlled old Fleury into it. At all events, Stanislaus is
+summoned from his rustication; the French Ambassador at Warsaw
+gets his instructions. French Ambassador opens himself largely, at
+Warsaw, by eloquent speech, by copious money, on the subject of
+Stanislaus; finds large audience, enthusiastic receptivity;--and
+readers will now understand the following chronological phenomena
+of the Polish Election:--
+
+"AUGUST 25th, 1733. This day the Polish Election begins. So has
+the Preliminary Diet (kind of Polish CAUCUS) ordered it;--
+Preliminary Diet itself a very stormy matter; minority like to be
+'thrown out of window,' to be 'shot through the head,' on some
+occasions. [<italic> History of Stanislaus <end italic> (cited
+above), p. 136.] Actual Election begins; continues SUB DIO, 'in
+the Field of Wola,' in a very tempestuous fashion; bound to
+conclude within six weeks. Kaiser has his troops assembled over
+the border, in Silesia, 'to protect the freedom of election;'
+Czarina has 30,000 under Marshal Lacy, lying on the edge of
+Lithuania, bent on a like object; will increase them to 50,000, as
+the plot thickens.
+
+"So that Emanuel of Portugal is not heard of; and French
+interference is, with a vengeance,--and Stanislaus, a born Piast,
+is overwhelmingly the favorite. Intolerable to Austria, to Russia;
+the reverse to Friedrich Wilhelm, who privately thinks him the
+right man. And Kurfurst August of Saxony is the other Candidate,--
+with troops of his own in the distance, but without support in
+Poland; and depending wholly on the Kaiser and Czarina for his
+chance. And our 'three settled points' are gone to water in
+this manner!
+
+"August seeing there was not the least hope in Poland's own vote,
+judiciously went to the Kaiser first of all: 'Imperial Majesty, I
+will accept your Pragmatic Sanction root and branch, swallow it
+whole; make me King of Poland!'--'Done!' answers Imperial Majesty;
+[16th July, 1733; Treaty in Scholl, ii. 224-231.] brings the
+Czarina over, by good offers of August's and his;--and now there
+is an effective Opposition Candidate in the field, with strength
+of his own, and good backing close at hand. Austrian, Russian
+Ambassadors at Warsaw lift up their voice, like the French one;
+open their purse, and bestir themselves; but with no success in
+the Field of Wola, except to the stirring up of noise and tumult
+there. They must look to other fields for success. The voice of
+Wola and of Poland, if it had now a voice, is enthusiastic
+for Stanislaus.
+
+"SEPTEMBER 7th. A couple of quiet-looking Merchants arrive in
+Warsaw,--one of whom is Stanislaus in person. Newspapers say he is
+in the French Fleet of War, which is sailing minatory towards
+these Coasts: and there is in truth a Gentleman in Stanislaus's
+clothes on board there;--to make the Newspapers believe.
+Stanislaus himself drove through Berlin, a day or two ago;
+gave the sentry a ducat at the Gate, to be speedy with the
+Passports,--whom Friedrich Wilhelm affected to put under arrest
+for such negligent speed. And so, on the 10th of the month,
+Stanislaus being now rested and trimmed; makes his appearance on
+the Field of Wola itself; and captivates all hearts by the kind
+look of him. So that, on the second day after, 12th September,
+1733, he is, as it were, unanimously elected; with acclamation,
+with enthusiasm; and sees himself actual King of Poland,--if
+France send proper backing to continue him there. As, surely, she
+will not fail?--But there are alarming news that the Russians are
+advancing: Marshal Lacy with 30,000; and reinforcements in the
+rear of him.
+
+"SEPTEBER 22d. Russians advancing more and more, no French help
+arrived yet, and the enthusiastic Polish Chivalry being good for
+nothing against regular musketry,--King Stanislaus finds that he
+will have to quit Warsaw, and seek covert somewhere. Quits Warsaw
+this day; gets covert in Dantzig. And, in fact, from this 22d of
+September, day of the autumnal equinox, 1733, is a fugitive,
+blockaded, besieged Stanislaus: an Imaginary King thenceforth.
+His real Kingship had lasted precisely ten days.
+
+"OCTOBER 3d. Lacy and his Russians arrive in the suburbs of
+Warsaw, intent upon 'protecting freedom of election.' Bridges
+being broken, they do not yet cross the River, but invite the free
+electors to come across and vote: 'A real King is very necessary,
+--Stanislaus being an imaginary one, brought in by compulsion, by
+threats of flinging people out of window, and the like.' The free
+electors do not cross. Whereupon a small handful, now free enough,
+and NOT to be thrown out of window, whom Lacy had about him,
+proceed to elect August of Saxony; he, on the 5th of October,
+still one day within the legal six weeks, is chosen and declared
+the real King:--'twelve senators and about six hundred gentlemen'
+voting for him there, free they in Lacy's quarters, the rest of
+Poland having lain under compulsion when voting for Stanislaus.
+That is the Polish Election, so far as Poland can settle it.
+We said the Destinies had ceased, some time since, to ask Poland
+for its vote; it is other people who have now got the real power
+of voting. But that is the correct state of the poll at Warsaw, if
+important to anybody."
+
+August is crowned in Cracow before long; "August III.," whom we
+shall meet again in important circumstances. Lacy and his Russians
+have voted for August; able, they, to disperse all manner of
+enthusiastic Polish Chivalry; which indeed, we observe, usually
+stands but one volley from the Russian musketry; and flies
+elsewhither, to burn and plunder its own domestic enemies. Far and
+wide, robbery and arson are prevalent in Poland; Stanislaus lying
+under covert; in Dantzig,--an imaginary King ever since the
+equinox, but well trusting that the French will give him a plumper
+vote. French War-fleet is surely under way hither.
+
+
+POLAND ON FIRE; DANTZIG STANDS SIEGE.
+
+These are the news our Crown-Prince hears at Ruppin, in the first
+months of his wedded life there. With what interest we may fancy.
+Brandenburg is next neighbor; and these Polish troubles reach far
+enough;--the ever-smoking house having taken fire; and all the
+street threatening to get on blaze. Friedrich Wilhelm, nearest
+neighbor, stands anxious to quencth, carefully sweeping the hot
+coals across again from his own borders; and will not interfere on
+one or the other side, for any persuasion.
+
+Dantzig, strong in confidence of French help, refuses to give up
+Stanislaus when summoned; will stand siege rather. Stands siege,
+furious lengthy siege,--with enthusiastic defence; "a Lady of Rank
+firing off the first gun," against the Russian batteries. Of the
+Siege of Dantzig, which made the next Spring and Summer loud for
+mankind (February-June, 1734), we shall say nothing,--our own poor
+field, which also grows loud enough, lying far away from
+Dantzig,---except:
+FIRST, That no French help came, or as good as none; the minatory
+War-fleet having landed a poor 1,500 men, headed by the Comte de
+Plelo, who had volunteered along with them; that they attempted
+one onslaught on the Russian lines, and that Plelo was shot, and
+the rest were blown to miscellaneous ruin, and had to disappear,
+not once getting into Dantzig. SECONDLY, That the Saxons, under
+Weissenfels, our poor old friend, with proper siege-artillery,
+though not with enough, did, by effort (end of May), get upon the
+scene; in which this is to be remarked, that Weissenfels's siege-
+artillery "came by post;" two big mortars expressly passing
+through Berlin, marked as part of the Duke of Weissenfels's
+Luggage. And THIRDLY, That Munnich, who had succeeded Lacy as
+Besieging General, and was in hot haste, and had not artillery
+enough, made unheard-of assaults (2,000 men, some say 4,000, lost
+in one night-attack upon a post they call the Hagelberg;
+rash attack, much blamed by military men); [<italic> OEuvres de
+Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part 2d, p. 31.]--but nevertheless,
+having now (by Russian Fleet, middle of June) got siege-artillery
+enough, advances irrepressibly day by day.
+
+So that at length, things being now desperate, Stanislaus,
+disguised as a cattle-dealer, privately quitted Dantzig, night of
+27th June, 1734; got across the intricate mud-and-water
+difficulties of the Weichsel and its mouths, flying perilously
+towards Preussen and Friedrich Wilhelm's protection. [Narrative by
+himself, in HISTORY, pp. 235-248.] Whereby the Siege of Dantzig
+ended in chamade, and levying of penalties; penalties severe to a
+degree, though Friedrich Wilhelm interceded what he could.
+And with the Siege of Dantzig, the blazing Polish Election went
+out in like manner; [Clear account, especially of Siege, in
+Mannstein (pp. 71-83), who was there as Munnich's Aide-de-damp.]--
+having already kindled, in quarters far away from it,
+conflagrations quite otherwise interesting to us.
+Whitherward we now hasten.
+
+
+
+Chapter IX.
+
+KAISER'S SHADOW-HUNT HAS CAUGHT FIRE.
+
+Franz of Lorraine, the young favorite of Fortune, whom we once saw
+at Berlin on an interesting occasion, was about this time to have
+married his Imperial Archduchess; Kaiser's consent to be formally
+demanded and given; nothing but joy and splendor looked for in the
+Court of Vienna at present. Nothing to prevent it,--had there been
+no Polish Election; had not the Kaiser, in his Shadow-Hunt
+(coursing the Pragmatic Sanction chiefly, as he has done these
+twenty years past), gone rashly into that combustible foreign
+element. But so it is: this was the fatal limit. The poor Kaiser's
+Shadow-Hunt, going Scot-free this long while, and merely
+tormenting other people, has, at this point, by contact with
+inflammable Poland, unexpectedly itself caught fire; goes now
+plunging, all in mad flame, over precipices one knows not how
+deep: and there will be a lamentable singeing and smashing before
+the Kaiser get out of this, if he ever get! Kaiser Karl, from this
+point, plunges down and down, all his days; and except in that
+Shadow of a Pragmatic Sanction, if he can still save that, has no
+comfort left. Marriages are not the thing to be thought of
+at present!--
+
+Scarcely had the news of August's Election, and Stanislaus's
+flight to Dantzig, reached France, when France, all in a state of
+readiness, informed the Kaiser, ready for nothing, his force lying
+in Silesia, doing the Election functions on the Polish borders
+there, "That he the Kaiser had, by such treatment of the
+Grandfather of France and the Polish Kingdom fairly fallen to him,
+insulted the most Christian Majesty; that in consequence the most
+Christian Majesty did hereby declare War against the said
+Kaiser,"--and in fact had, that very day (14th of October, 1733),
+begun it. Had marched over into Lorraine, namely, secured Lorraine
+against accidents; and, more specially, gone across from Strasburg
+to the German side of the Rhine, and laid siege to Kehl.
+Kehl Fortress; a dilapidated outpost of the Reich there, which
+cannot resist many hours. Here is news for the Kaiser, with his
+few troops all on the Polish borders; minding his neighbors'
+business, or chasing Pragmatic Sanction, in those
+inflammable localities.
+
+Pacific Fleury, it must be owned, if he wanted a quarrel with the
+Kaiser, could not have managed it on more advantageous terms.
+Generals, a Duc de Berwick, a Noailles, Belleisle; generals,
+troops, artillery, munitions, nothing is wanting to Fleury; to the
+Kaiser all things. It is surmised, the French had their eye on
+Lorraine, not on Stanislaus, from the first. For many centuries,
+especially for these last two,--ever since that Siege of Metz,
+which we once saw, under Kaiser Karl V. and Albert Alcibiades,--
+France has been wrenching and screwing at this Lorraine, wriggling
+it off bit by bit; till now, as we perceived on Lyttelton junior
+of Hagley's visit, Lorraine seems all lying unscrewed; and France,
+by any good opportunity, could stick it in her pocket. Such
+opportunity sly Fleury contrived, they say;--or more likely it
+might be Belleisle and the other adventurous spirits that urged it
+on pacific Fleury;--but, at all events, he has got it. Dilapidated
+Kehl yields straightway: [29th October, 1733. <italic> Memoires du
+Marechal de Berwick <end italic> (in Petitot'e Collection, Paris,
+1828), ii. 303.] Sardinia, Spain, declare alliance with Fleury;
+and not Lorraine only, and the Swabian Provinces, but Italy itself
+lies at his discretion,--owing to your treatment of the
+Grandfather of France, and these Polish Elective methods.
+
+The astonished Kaiser rushes forward to fling himself into the
+arms of the Sea-Powers, his one resource left: "Help! moneys,
+subsidies, ye Sea-Powers!" But the Sea-Powers stand obtuse, arms
+not open at all, hands buttoning their pockets: "Sorry we cannot,
+your Imperial Majesty. Fleury engages not to touch the
+Netherlands, the Barrier Treaty; Polish Elections are not our
+concern!" and callously decline. The Kaiser's astonishment is
+extreme; his big heart swelling even with a martyr-feeling; and he
+passionately appeals: "Ungrateful, blind Sea-Powers! No money to
+fight France, say you? Are the Laws of Nature fallen void?"
+Imperial astonishment, sublime martyr-feeling, passionate appeals
+to the Laws of Nature, avail nothing with the blind Sea-Powers:
+"No money in us," answer they: "we will help you to negotiate."--
+"Negotiate!" answers he: and will have to pay his own Election
+broken-glass, with a sublime martyr-feeling, without money from
+the Sea-Powers.
+
+Fleury has got the Sardinian Majesty; "Sardinian doorkeeper of the
+Alps," who opens them now this way, now that, for a consideration:
+"A slice of the Milanese, your Majesty;" bargains Fleury.
+Fleury has got the Spanish Majesty (our violent old friend the
+Termagant of Spain) persuaded to join: "Your infant Carlos made
+Duke of Parma and Piacenza, with such difficulty: what is that?
+Naples itself, crown of the Two Sicilies, lies in the wind for
+Carlos;--and your junior infant, great Madam, has he no need of
+apanages?" The Termagant of Spain, "offended by Pragmatic
+Sanction" (she says), is ready on those terms; the Sardinian
+Majesty is ready: and Fleury, this same October, with an
+overwhelming force, Spaniards and Sardinians to join, invades
+Italy; great Marshal Villars himself taking the command.
+Marshal Villars, an extremely eminent old military gentleman,--
+somewhat of a friend, or husband of a lady-friend, to M. de
+Voltaire, for one thing;--and capable of slicing Italy to pieces
+at a fine rate, in the condition it was in.
+
+Never had Kaiser such a bill of broken-glass to pay for meddling
+in neighbors, elections before. The year was not yet ended, when
+Villars and the Sardinian Majesty had done their stroke on
+Lombardy; taken Milan Citadel, taken Pizzighetone, the Milanese in
+whole, and appropriated it; swept the poor unprepared Kaiser clear
+out of those parts. Baby Carlos and the Spaniards are to do the
+Two Sicilies, Naples or the land one to begin with, were the
+Winter gone. For the present, Louis XV. "sings TE DEUM, at Paris,
+23d December, 1733" [<italic> Fastes du Regne de Louis XV. <end
+italic> (Paris, 1766), i. 248.]--a merry Christmas there.
+Villars, now above four-score, soon died of those fatigues;
+various Marshals, Broglio, Coigny, Noailles, succeeding him, some
+of whom are slightly notable to us; and there was one Maillebois,
+still a subordinate under them, whose name also may reappear in
+this History.
+
+
+SUBSEQUENT COURSE OF THE WAR, IN THE ITALIAN PART OF IT.
+
+The French-Austrian War, which had now broken out, lasted a couple
+of years; the Kaiser steadily losing, though he did his utmost;
+not so much a War, on his part, as a Being Beaten and Being
+Stript. The Scene was Italy and the Upper-Rhine Country of
+Germany; Italy the deciding scene; where, except as it bears on
+Germany, our interest is nothing, as indeed in Germany too it is
+not much. The principal events, on both stages, are
+chronologically somewhat as follows;--beginning with Italy:--
+
+MARCH 29th, 1734. Baby Carlos with a Duke of Montemar for General,
+a difficult impetuous gentleman, very haughty to the French allies
+and others, lands in Naples Territory; intending to seize the Two
+Sicilies, according to bargain. They find the Kaiser quite
+unprepared, and their enterprise extremely feasible.
+
+"MAY 10th. Baby Carlos--whom we ought to call Don Carlos, who is
+now eighteen gone, and able to ride the great horse--makes
+triumphant entry into Naples, having easily swept the road clear;
+styles himself 'King of the Two Sicilies' (Papa having surrendered
+him his 'right' there); whom Naples, in all ranks of it, willingly
+homages as such. Wrecks of Kaiser's forces intrench themselves,
+rather strongly, at a place called Bitonto, in Apulia, not
+far off.
+
+"MAY 25th. Montemar, in an impetuous manner, storms them there:--
+which feat procures for him the title, Duke of Bitonto; and
+finishes off the First of the Sicilies. And indeed, we may say,
+finishes Both the Sicilies: our poor Kaiser having no considerable
+force in either, nor means of sending any; the Sea-Powers having
+buttoned their pockets, and the Combined Fleet of France and Spain
+being on the waters there.
+
+"We need only add, on this head, that, for ten months more, Baby
+Carlos and Montemar went about besieging, Gaeta, Messina,
+Syracuse; and making triumphal entries;--and that, on the 30th of
+June, 1735, Baby Carlos had himself fairly crowned at Palermo.
+[<italic> Fastes de Louis XV., i. 278.] 'King of the Two Sicilies'
+DE FACTO; in which eminent post he and his continue, not with much
+success, to this day.
+
+"That will suffice for the Two Sicilies. As to Lombardy again,
+now that Villars is out of it, and the Coignys and Broglios
+have succeeded:--
+
+"JUNE 29th, 1734. Kaiser, rallying desperately for recovery of the
+Milanese, has sent an Army thither, Graf von Mercy leader of it:
+Battle of Parma between the French and it (29th June);--totally
+lost by the Kaiser's people, after furious fighting; Graf von
+Mercy himself killed in the action. Graf von Mercy, and what comes
+nearer us, a Prince of Culmbach, amiable Uncle of our Wilhelmina's
+Husband, a brave man and Austrian Soldier, who was much regretted
+by Wilhelmina and the rest; his death and obsequies making a
+melancholy Court of Baireuth in this agitated year. The Kaiser,
+doing his utmost, is beaten at every point.
+
+"SEPTEMBER 15th. Surprisal of the Secchia. Kaiser's people rally,
+--under a General Graf von Konigseck worth noting by us,--and
+after some manoeuvring, in the Guastalla-Modena region, on the
+Secchia and Po rivers there, dexterously steal across the Secchia
+that night (15th September), cutting off the small guard-party at
+the ford of the Secchia, then wading silently; and burst in upon
+the French Camp in a truly alarming manner. [Hormayr, xx. 84;
+<italic> Fastes, <end italic> as it is liable to do, misdates.]
+So that Broglio, in command there, had to gallop with only one
+boot on, some say 'in his shirt,' till he got some force rallied,
+and managed to retreat more Parthian-like upon his brother
+Marechal's Division. Artillery, war-chest, secret correspondence,
+'King of Sardinia's tent,' and much cheering plunder beside
+Broglio's odd boot, were the consequences; the Kaiser's one
+success in this War; abolished, unluckily, in four days!--
+The Broglio who here gallops is the second French Marechal of the
+name, son of the first; a military gentleman whom we shall but too
+often meet in subsequent stages. A son of this one's, a third
+Marechal Broglio, present at the Secchia that bad night, is the
+famous War-god of the Bastille time, fifty-five years hence,--
+unfortunate old War-god, the Titans being all up about him. As to
+Broglio with the one boot, it is but a triumph over him till--
+
+"SEPTEMBER 19th. Battle of Guastalla, that day. Battle lost by the
+Kaiser's people, after eight hours, hot fighting; who are then
+obliged to hurry across the Secchia again;--and in fact do not
+succeed in fighting any more in that quarter, this year or
+afterwards. For, next year (1735), Montemar is so advanced with
+the Two Sicilies, he can assist in these Northern operations;
+and Noailles, a better Marechal, replaces the Broglio and Coigny
+there; who, with learned strategic movements, sieges, threatenings
+of siege, sweeps the wrecks of Austria, to a satisfactory degree,
+into the Tyrol, without fighting, or event mentionable
+thenceforth.
+
+"This is the Kaiser's War of two Campaigns, in the Italian, which
+was the decisive part of it: a continual Being Beaten, as the
+reader sees; a Being Stript, till one was nearly bare in
+that quarter."
+
+
+COURSE OF THE WAR, IN THE GERMAN PART OF IT.
+
+In Germany the mentionable events are still fewer; and indeed, but
+for one small circumstance binding on us, we might skip them
+altogether. For there is nothing comfortable in it to the human
+memory otherwise.
+
+Marechal Duc de Berwick, a cautious considerable General
+(Marlborough's Nephew, on what terms is known to readers), having
+taken Kehl and plundered the Swabian outskirts last Winter, had
+extensive plans of operating in the heart of Germany, and ruining
+the Kaiser there. But first he needs, and the Kaiser is aware of
+it, a "basis on the Rhine;" free bridge over the Rhine, not by
+Strasburg and Kehl alone: and for this reason, he will have to
+besiege and capture Philipsburg first of all. Strong Town of
+Philipsburg, well down towards Speyer-and-Heidelberg quarter on
+the German side of the Rhine: [See map] here will be our bridge.
+Lorraine is already occupied, since the first day of the War;
+Trarbach, strong-place of the Moselle and Electorate of Trier,
+cannot be difficult to get? Thus were the Rhine Country, on the
+French side, secure to France; and so Berwick calculates he will
+have a basis on the Rhine, from which to shoot forth into the very
+heart of the Kaiser.
+
+Berwick besieged Philipsburg accordingly (Summer and Autumn);
+Kaiser doing his feeble best to hinder: at the Siege, Berwick lost
+his life, but Philipsburg surrendered to his successor, all the
+same;--Kaiser striving to hinder; but in a most paralyzed manner,
+and to no purpose whatever. And--and this properly WAS the German
+War; the sum of all done in it during those two years.
+
+Seizure of Nanci (that is, of Lorraine), seizure of Kehl we
+already heard of; then, prior to Philipsburg, there was siege or
+seizure of Trarbach by the French; and, posterior to it, seizure
+of Worms by them; and by the Germans there was "burning of a
+magazine in Speyer by bombs." And, in brief, on both sides, there
+was marching and manoeuvring under various generals (our old rusty
+Seckendorf one of them), till the end of 1735, when the Italian
+decision arrived, and Truce and Peace along with it; but there was
+no other action worth naming, even in the Newspapers as a wonder
+of nine days, The Siege of Philipsburg, and what hung flickering
+round that operation, before and after, was the sum-total of the
+German War.
+
+Philipsburg, key of the Rhine in those parts, has had many sieges;
+nor would this one merit the least history from us; were it not
+for one circumstance: That our Crown-Prince was of the Opposing
+Army, and made his first experience of arms there. A Siege of
+Philipsburg slightly memorable to us, on that one account.
+What Friedrich did there, which in the military way was as good as
+nothing; what he saw and experienced there, which, with some
+"eighty Princes of the Reich," a Prince Eugene for General, and
+three months under canvas on the field, may have been something:
+this, in outline, by such obscure indications as remain, we would
+fain make conceivable to the reader. Indications, in the History-
+Books, we have as good as none; but must gather what there is from
+WILHELMINA and the Crown-Prince's LETTERS,--much studying to be
+brief, were it possible!
+
+
+
+Chapter X.
+
+CROWN-PRINCE GOES TO THE RHINE CAMPAIGN,
+
+The Kaiser--with Kehl snatched from him, the Rhine open, and
+Louis XV. singing TE DEUM in the Christmas time for what Villars
+in Italy had done--applied, in passionate haste, to the Reich.
+The Reich, though Fleury tried to cajole it, and apologize for
+taking Kehl from it, declares for the Kaiser's quarrel;
+War against France on his behalf; [13th March, 1734 (Buchholz,
+i. 131).]--it was in this way that Friedrich Wilhelm and our
+Crown-Prince came to be concerned in the Rhine Campaign.
+The Kaiser will have a Reich's-Army (were it good for much, as is
+not likely) to join to his own Austrian one. And if Prince Eugene,
+who is Reich's-Feldmarschall, one of the TWO Feldmarschalls, get
+the Generalship as men hope, it is not doubted but there will be
+great work on the Rhine, this Summer of 1734.
+
+Unhappily the Reich's-Army, raised from--multifarious contingents,
+and guided and provided for by many heads, is usually good for
+little. Not to say that old Kur-Pfalz, with an eye to French help
+in the Berg-and-Julich matter; old Kur-Pfalz, and the Bavarian set
+(KUR-BAIERN and KUR-KOLN, Bavaria and Cologne, who are Brothers,
+and of old cousinship to Kur-Pfalz),--quite refuse their
+contingents; protest in the Diet, and openly have French leanings.
+These are bad omens for the Reich's-Army. And in regard to the
+Reich's-Feldmarschall Office, there also is a difficulty.
+The Reich, as we hinted, keeps two supreme Feldmarschalls;
+one Catholic, one Protestant, for equilibrium's sake; illustrious
+Prince Eugenio von Savoye is the Catholic;--but as to the
+Protestant, it is a difficulty worth observing for a moment.
+
+Old Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Wurtemberg, the unfortunate old
+gentleman bewitched by the Gravenitz "Deliver us from evil," used
+to be the Reich's-Feldmarschall of Protestant persuasion;--
+Commander-in-Chief for the Reich, when it tried fighting.
+Old Eberhard had been at Blenheim, and had marched up and down:
+I never heard he was much of a General; perhaps good enough for
+the Reich, whose troops were always bad. But now that poor Duke,
+as we intimated once or more, is dead; there must be, of
+Protestant type, a new Reich's-Feldmasschall had. One Catholic,
+unequalled among Captains, we already have; but where is the
+Protestant, Duke Eberhard being dead?
+
+Duke Eberhard's successor in Wurtemberg, Karl Alexander by name,
+whom we once dined with at Prag on the Kladrup journey, he, a
+General of some worth, would be a natural person. Unluckily Duke
+Karl Alexander had, while an Austrian Officer and without outlooks
+upon Protestant Wurtemberg, gone over to Papacy, and is now
+Catholic. "Two Catholic Feldmarschalls!" cries the CORPUS
+EVANGELICORUM; "that will never do!"
+
+Well, on the other or Protestant side there appear two Candidates;
+one of them not much expected by the reader: no other than
+Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick-Bevern, our Crown-Prince's Father-in-
+law; whom we knew to be a worthy man, but did not know to be much
+of a soldier, or capable of these ambitious views. He is Candidate
+First. Then there is a Second, much more entitled: our gunpowder
+friend the Old Dessauer; who, to say nothing of his soldier
+qualities, has promises from the Kaiser,--he surely were the man,
+if it did not hurt other people's feelings. But it surely does and
+will. There is Ferdinand of Bevern applying upon the score of old
+promises too. How can people's feelings be saved? Protestants
+these two last: but they cannot both have it; and what will
+Wurtemberg say to either of them? The Reich was in very great
+affliction about this preliminary matter. But Friedrich Wilhelm
+steps in with a healing recipe: "Let there be four Reich's-
+Feldmarschalls," said Friedrich Wilhelm; "two Protestant and two
+Catholic: won't that do?"--Excellent! answers the Reich: and there
+are four Feldmarschalls for the time being; no lack of commanders
+to the Reich's-Army. Brunswick-Bevern tried it first; but only
+till Prince Eugene were ready, and indeed he had of himself come
+to nothing before that date. Prince Eugene next; then Karl
+Alexander next; and in fact they all might have had a stroke at
+commanding, and at coming to nothing or little,--only the Old
+Dessauer sulked at the office in this its fourfold state, and
+never would fairly have it, till, by decease of occupants, it came
+to be twofold again. This glimpse into the distracted effete
+interior of the poor old Reich and its Politics, with friends of
+ours concerned there, let it be welcome to the reader.
+[<italic> Leopoldi von Anhalt-Dessau Leben <end italic> (by
+Ranfft), p. 127; Buchholz, i. 131.]
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm was without concern in this War, or in what had
+led to it. Practical share in the Polish Election (after that
+preliminary theoretic program of the Kaiser's and Czarina's went
+to smoke) Friedrich Wilhelm steadily refused to take:
+though considerable offers were made him on both sides,--offer of
+West Preussen (Polish part of Prussia, which once was known to us)
+on the French side. [By De la Chetardie, French Ambassador at
+Berlin (Buchholz, i. 130).] But his primary fixed resolution was
+to stand out of the quarrel; and he abides by that; suppresses any
+wishes of his own in regard to the Polish Election;--keeps ward on
+his own frontiers, with good military besom in hand, to sweep it
+out again if it intruded there. "What King you like, in God's
+name; only don't come over my threshold with his brabbles
+and him!"
+
+But seeing the Kaiser got into actual French War, with the Reich
+consenting, he is bound, by Treaty of old date (date older than
+WUSTERHAUSEN, though it was confirmed on that famous occasion),
+"To assist the Kaiser with ten thousand men;" and this engagement
+he intends amply to fulfil. No sooner, therefore, had the Reich
+given sure signs of assenting ("Reich's assent" is the condition
+of the ten thousand), than Friedrich Wilhelm's orders were out,
+"Be in readiness!" Friedrich Wilhelm, by the time of the Reich's
+actual assent, or Declaration of War on the Kaiser's behalf, has
+but to lift his finger: squadrons and battalions, out of Pommern,
+out of Magdeburg, out of Preussen, to the due amount, will get on
+march whitherward you bid, and be with you there at the day you
+indicate, almost at the hour. Captains, not of an imaginary
+nature, these are always busy; and the King himself is busy over
+them. From big guns and wagon-horses down to gun-flints and
+gaiter-straps, all is marked in registers; nothing is wanting,
+nothing out of its place at any time, in Friedrich Wilhelm's Army.
+
+From an early period, the French intentions upon Philipsburg might
+be foreseen or guessed: and in the end of March, Marechal Berwick,
+"in three divisions," fairly appears in that quarter; his purpose
+evident. So that the Reich's-Army, were it in the least ready,
+ought to rendezvous, and reinforce the handful of Austrians there.
+Friedrich Wilhelm's part of the Reich's-Army does accordingly
+straightway get on march; leaves Berlin, after the due reviewing,
+"8th April:" [Fassmann, p. 495.] eight regiments of it, three of
+Horse and five of Foot, Goltz Foot-regiment one of them;--
+a General Roder, unexceptionable General, to command in chief;--
+and will arrive, though the farthest off, "first of all the
+Reich's-Contingents;" 7th of June, namely. The march, straight
+south, must be some four hundred miles.
+
+Besides the Official Generals, certain high military dignitaries,
+Schulenburg, Bredow, Majesty himself at their head, propose to go
+as volunteers;--especially the Crown-Prince, whose eagerness is
+very great, has got liberty to go. "As volunteer" he too:
+as Colonel of Goltz, it might have had its unsuitabilities, in
+etiquette and otherwise. Few volunteers are more interested than
+the Crown-Prince. Watching the great War-theatre uncurtain itself
+in this manner, from Dantzig down to Naples; and what his own
+share in it shall be: this, much more than his Marriage, I
+suppose, has occupied his thoughts since that event. Here out of
+Ruppin, dating six or seven weeks before the march of the Ten
+Thousand, is a small sign, one among many, of his outlooks in this
+matter. Small Note to his Cousin, Margraf Heinrich, the ill-
+behaved Margraf, much his comrade, who is always falling into
+scrapes; and whom he has just, not without difficulty, got
+delivered out of something of the kind. [<italic> OEuvres de
+Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part 2d, pp. 8, 9.] He writes in
+German and in the intimate style of THOU:--
+
+"RUPPIN. 23d FEBRUARY, 1734. MY DEAR BROTHER,--I can with pleasure
+answer that the King hath spoken of thee altogether favorably to
+me [scrape now abolished, for the time]:--and I think it would not
+have an ill effect, wert thou to apply for leave to go with the
+ten thousand whom he is sending to the Rhine, and do the Campaign
+with them as volunteer. I am myself going with that corps; so I
+doubt not the King would allow thee.
+
+"I take the freedom to send herewith a few bottles of Champagne;
+and wish" all manner of good things.
+
+"FRIEDRICH."
+
+[Ib. xxvii. part 2d, p. 10.]
+
+This Margraf Heinrich goes; also his elder Brother, Margraf
+Friedrich Wilhelm,--who long persecuted Wilhelmina with his hopes;
+and who is now about getting Sophie Dorothee, a junior Princess,
+much better than he merits: Betrothal is the week after these ten
+thousand march; [16th April, 1734 (Ib. part 1st, p. 14 n).] he
+thirty, she fifteen. He too will go; as will the other pair of
+Cousin Margraves,--Karl, who was once our neighbor in Custrin;
+and the Younger Friedrich Wilhelm, whose fate lies at Prag if he
+knew it. Majesty himself will go as volunteer. Are not great
+things to be done, with Eugene for General?--To understand the
+insignificant Siege of Philipsburg, sum-total of the Rhine
+Campaign, which filled the Crown-Prince's and so many other
+minds brimful; that Summer, and is now wholly out of every mind,
+the following Excerpt may be admissible:--
+
+"The unlucky little Town of Philipsburg, key of the Rhine in that
+quarter, fortified under difficulties by old Bishops of Speyer who
+sometimes resided there, [Kohler, <italic> Munzbelustigungen, <end
+italic> vi. 169.] has been dismantled and refortified, has had its
+Rhine-bridge torn down and set up again; been garrisoned now by
+this party, now by that, who had 'right of garrison there;' nay
+France has sometimes had 'the right of garrison;'--and the poor
+little Town has suffered much, and been tumbled sadly about in the
+Succession-wars and perpetual controversies between France and
+Germany in that quarter. In the time we are speaking of, it has a
+'flying-bridge' (of I know not what structure), with fortified
+'bridge-head (TETE-DE-PONT,' on the western or France-ward side of
+the River. Town's bulwarks, and complex engineering defences, are
+of good strength, all put in repair for this occasion: Reich and
+Kaiser have an effective garrison there, and a commandant
+determined on defence to the uttermost: what the unfortunate
+Inhabitants, perhaps a thousand or so in number, thought or did
+under such a visitation of ruin and bombshells, History gives not
+the least hint anywhere. 'Quite used to it!' thinks History, and
+attends to other points.
+
+"The Rhine Valley here is not of great breadth: eastward the
+heights rise to be mountainous in not many miles. By way of
+defence to this Valley, in the Eugene-Marlborough Wars, there was,
+about forty miles southward, or higher up the River than
+Philipsburg, a military line or chain of posts; going from
+Stollhofen, a boggy hamlet on the Rhine, with cunning
+indentations, and learned concatenation of bog and bluff, up into
+the inaccessibilities,--LINES OF STOLLHOFEN, the name of it,--
+which well-devised barrier did good service for certain years.
+It was not till, I think, the fourth year of their existence, year
+1707, that Villars, the same Villars who is now in Italy, 'stormed
+the Lines of Stollhofen;' which made him famous that year.
+
+"The Lines of Stollhofen have now, in 1734, fallen flat again;
+but Eugene remembers them, and, I could guess, it was he who
+suggests a similar expedient. At all events, there is a similar
+expedient fallen upon: LINES OF ETTLINGEN this time; one-half
+nearer Philipsburg; running from Muhlburg on the Rhine-brink up to
+Ettlingen in the Hills. [See map] Nearer, by twenty miles; and,
+I guess, much more slightly done. We shall see these Lines of
+Ettlingen, one point of them, for a moment:--and they would not be
+worth mentioning at all, except that in careless Books they too
+are called 'Lines of STOLLHOFEN,' [Wilhelmina (ii. 206), for
+instance; who, or whose Printer, call them "Lines of STOKOFF"
+even.] and the ingenuous reader is sent wandering on his map
+to no purpose."
+
+"Lines of ETTLINGEN" they are; related, as now said, to the
+Stollhofen set. Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Bevern, one of the
+four Feldmarschalls, has some ineffectual handful of Imperial
+troops dotted about, within these Lines and on the skirts of
+Philipsburg;--eagerly waiting till the Reich's-Army gather to him;
+otherwise he must come to nothing. Will at any rate, I should
+think, be happy to resign in favor of Prince Eugene, were that
+little hero once on the ground.
+
+On Mayday, Marechal Berwick, who has been awake in this quarter,
+"in three divisions," for a month past,--very impatient till
+Belleisle with the first division should have taken Trarbach, and
+made the Western interior parts secure,--did actually cross the
+Rhine, with his second division, "at Fort Louis," well up the
+River, well south of Philipsburg; intending to attack the Lines of
+Ettlingen, and so get in upon the Town. There is a third division,
+about to lay pontoons for itself a good way farther down, which
+will attack the Lines simultaneously from within,--that is to say,
+shall come upon the back of poor Bevern and his defensive handful
+of troops, and astonish him there. All prospers to Berwick in this
+matter: Noailles his lieutenant (not yet gone to Italy till next
+year), with whom is Maurice Comte de Saxe (afterwards Marechal de
+Saxe), an excellent observant Officer, marches up to Ettlingen,
+May 3d; bivouacs "at the base of the mountain" (no great things of
+a mountain); ascends the same in two columns, horse and foot, by
+the first sunlight next morning; forms on a little plain on the
+top; issues through a thin wood,--and actually beholds those same
+LINES OF ETTLINGEN, the outmost eastern end of them: a somewhat
+inconsiderable matter, after all! Here is Noailles's
+own account:--
+
+"These retrenchments, made in Turk fashion, consisted of big trees
+set zigzag (EN ECHIQUIER), twisted together by the branches;
+the whole about five fathoms thick. Inside of it were a small
+forlorn of Austrians: these steadily await our grenadiers, and do
+not give their volley till we are close. Our grenadiers receive
+their volley; clear the intertwisted trees, after receiving a
+second volley (total loss seventy-five killed and wounded);
+and--the enemy quits his post; and the Lines of Ettlingen ARE
+stormed!" [Noailles, <italic> Memoires <end italic> (in Petitot's
+Collection), iii. 207.] This is not like storming the Lines of
+Stollhofen; a thing to make Noailles famous in the Newspapers for
+a year. But it was a useful small feat, and well enough performed
+on his part. The truth is, Berwick was about attacking the Lines
+simultaneously on the other or Muhlburg end of them (had not
+Noailles, now victorious, galloped to forbid); and what was far
+more considerable, those other French, to the northward, "upon
+pontoons," are fairly across; like to be upon the BACK of Duke
+Ferdinand and his handful of defenders. Duke Ferdinand perceives
+that he is come to nothing; hastily collects his people from their
+various posts; retreats with them that same night, unpursued, to
+Heilbronn; and gives up the command to Prince Eugene, who is just
+arrived there,--who took quietly two pinches of snuff on hearing
+this news of Ettlingen, and said, "No matter, after all!"
+
+Berwick now forms the Siege, at his discretion; invests
+Philipsburg, 13th May; [Berwick, ii. 312; 23d, says Noailles's
+Editor (iii. 210).] begins firing, night of the 3d-4th June;--
+Eugene waiting at Heilbronn till the Reich's-Army come up.
+The Prussian ten thousand do come, all in order, on the 7th:
+the rest by degrees, all later, and all NOT quite in order.
+Eugene, the Prussians having joined him, moves down towards
+Philipsburg and its cannonading; encamps close to rearward of the
+besieging French. "Camp of Wiesenthal" they call it; Village of
+Wiesenthal with bogs, on the left, being his head-qnarters;
+Village of Waghausel, down near the River, a five miles distance,
+being his limit on the right. Berwick, in front, industriously
+battering Philipsburg into the River, has thrown up strong lines
+behind him, strongly manned, to defend himself from Eugene;
+across the River, Berwick has one Bridge, and at the farther end
+one battery with which he plays upon the rear of Philipsburg.
+He is much criticised by unoccupied people, "Eugene's attack will
+ruin us on those terms!"--and much incommoded by overflowings of
+the Rhine; Rhine swoln by melting of the mountain-snows, as is
+usual there. Which inundations Berwick had well foreseen,
+though the War-minister at Paris would not: "Haste!" answered the
+War-minister always: "We shall be in right time. I tell you there
+have fallen no snows this winter: how can inundation be?"--
+"Depends on the heat," said Berwick; "there are snows enough
+always in stock up there!"
+
+And so it proves, though the War-minister would not believe;
+and Berwick has to take the inundations, and to take the
+circumstances;--and to try if, by his own continual best
+exertions, he can but get Philipsburg into the bargain. On the
+12th of June, visiting his posts, as he daily does, the first
+thing, Berwick stept out of the trenches, anxious for clear view
+of something; stept upon "the crest of the sap," a place exposed
+to both French and Austrian batteries, and which had been
+forbidden to the soldiers,--and there, as he anxiously scanned
+matters through his glass, a cannon-ball, unknown whether French
+or Austrian, shivered away the head of Berwick; left others to
+deal with the criticisms, and the inundations, and the operations
+big or little, at Philipsburg and elsewhere! Siege went on, better
+or worse, under the next in command; "Paris in great anxiety," say
+the Books.
+
+It is a hot siege, a stiff defence; Prince Eugene looks on, but
+does not attack in the way apprehended. Southward in Italy, we
+hear there is marching, strategying in the Parma Country; Graf von
+Mercy likely to come to an action before long. Northward, Dantzig
+by this time is all wrapt in fire-whirlwinds; its sallyings and
+outer defences all driven in; mere torrents of Russiau bombs
+raining on it day and night; French auxiliaries, snapt up at
+landing, are on board Russian ships; and poor Stanislaus and "the
+Lady of Quality who shot the first gun" have a bad outlook there.
+Towards the end of the month, the Berlin volunteer Generals, our
+Crown-Prince and his Margraves among them, are getting on the road
+for Philipsburg;--and that is properly the one point we are
+concerned with. Which took effect in manner following.
+
+Tuesday evening, 29th June, there is Ball at Monbijou; the Crown-
+Prince and others busy dancing there, as if nothing special lay
+ahead. Nevertheless, at three in the morning he has changed his
+ball-dress for a better, he and certain more; and is rushing
+southward, with his volunteer Generals and Margraves, full speed,
+saluted by the rising sun, towards Philipsburg and the Seat of
+War. And the same night, King Stanislaus, if any of us cared for
+him, is on flight from Dantzig, "disguised as a cattle-dealer;"
+got out on the night of Sunday last, Town under such a rain of
+bombshells being palpably too hot for him: got out, but cannot get
+across the muddy intricacies of the Weichsel; lies painfully
+squatted up and down, in obscure alehouses, in that Stygian Mud-
+Delta,--a matter of life and death to get across, and not a boat
+to be had, such the vigilance of the Russian. Dantzig is
+capitulating, dreadful penalties exacted, all the heavier as no
+Stanislaus is to be found in it; and search all the keener rises
+in the Delta after him. Through perils and adventures of the sort
+usual on such occasions, [Credible modest detail of them, in a
+LETTER from Stanislaus himself (<italic> History of Stanislaus,
+<end italic> already cited, pp. 235-248).]l Stanislaus does get
+across; and in time does reach Preussen; where, by Friedrich
+Wilhelm's order, safe opulent asylum is afforded him, till the
+Fates (when this War ends) determine what is to become of the poor
+Imaginary Majesty. We leave him, squatted in the intricacies of
+the Mud-Delta, to follow our Crown-Prince, who in the same hour is
+rushing far elsewhither.
+
+Margraves, Generals and he, in their small string of carriages, go
+on, by extra-post, day and night; no rest till they get to Hof, in
+the Culmbach neighborhood, a good two hundred miles off,--near
+Wilhelmina, and more than half-way to Philipsburg.
+Majesty Friedrich Wilhelm is himself to follow in about a week:
+he has given strict order against waste of time: "Not to part
+company; go together, and NOT by Anspach or Baireuth,"--though
+they lie almost straight for you.
+
+This latter was a sore clause to Friedrich, who had counted all
+along on seeing his dear faithful Wilhelmina, as he passed:
+therefore, as the Papa's Orders, dangerous penalty lying in them,
+cannot be literally disobeyed, the question rises, How see
+Wilhelmina and not Baireuth? Wilhelmina, weak as she is and unfit
+for travelling, will have to meet him in some neutral place,
+suitablest for both. After various shiftings, it has been settled
+between them that Berneck, a little town twelve miles from
+Baireuth on the Hof road, will do; and that Friday, probably
+early, will be the day. Wilhelmina, accordingly, is on the road
+that morning, early enough; Husband with her, and ceremonial
+attendants, in honor of such a Brother; morning is of sultry
+windless sort; day hotter and hotter;--at Berneck is no Crown-
+Prince, in the House appointed for him; hour after hour,
+Wilhelmina waits there in vain. The truth is, one of the smallest
+accidents has happened: the Generals "lost a wheel at Gera
+yesterday;" were left behind there with their smiths, have not yet
+appeared; and the insoluble question among Friedrich and the
+Margraves is, "We dare not go on without them, then? We dare;--
+dare we?" Question like to drive Friedrich mad, while the hours,
+at any rate, are slipping on! Here are three Letters of Friedrich,
+legible at last; which, with Wilhelmina's account from the other
+side, represent a small entirely human scene in this French-
+Austrian War,--nearly all of human we have found in the
+beggarly affair:--
+
+1. TO PRINCESS WILHELMINA, AT BAIREUTH, OR ON THE ROAD TO BERNECK.
+
+"HOF, 2d July [not long after 4 a.m.], 1794.
+
+"MY DEAR SISTER,--Here am I within six leagues [say eight or more,
+twenty-five miles English] of a Sister whom I love; and I have to
+decide that it will be impossible to see her, after all!"--Does
+decide so, accordingly, for reasons known to us.
+
+"I have never so lamented the misfortune of not depending on
+myself as at this moment! The King being but very sour-sweet on my
+score, I dare not risk the least thing; Monday come a week, when
+he arrives himself, I should have a pretty scene (SERAIS JOLIMENT
+TRAITE) in the Camp, if I were found to have disobeyed orders.
+
+"... The Queen commands me to give you a thousand regards from
+her. She appeared much affected at your illness; but for the rest,
+I could not warrant you how sincere it was; for she is totally
+changed, and I have quite lost reckoning of her (N'Y CONNAIS
+RIEN). That goes so far that she has done me hurt with the King,
+all she could: however, that is over now. As to Sophie [young
+Sister just betrothed to the eldest Margraf whom you know], she
+also is no longer the same; for she approves all that the Queen
+says or does; and she is charmed with her big clown (GROS NIGAUD)
+of a Bridegroom.
+
+"The King is more difficult than ever; he is content with nothing,
+so as to have lost whatsoever could be called gratitude for all
+pleasures one can do him,"--marrying against one's will, and the
+like. "As to his health, it is one day better, another worse;
+but the legs, they are always swelled, Judge what my joy must be
+to get out of that turpitude,--for the King will only stay a
+fortnight, at most, in the Camp.
+
+"Adieu, my adorable Sister: I am so tired, I cannot stir;
+having left on Tuesday night, or rather Wednesday morning at three
+o'clock, from a Ball at Monbijou, and arrived here this Friday
+morning at four. I recommend myself to your gracious remembrance;
+and am, for my own part, till death, dearest Sister,"--
+
+Your--     "FRIEDRICH"
+
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part 1st, p. 13.]
+
+This is Letter First; written Friday morning, on the edge of
+getting into bed, after such fatigue; and it has, as natural in
+that mood, given up the matter in despair. It did not meet
+Wilhelmina on the road; and she had left Baireuth;--where it met
+her, I do not know; probably at home, on her return, when all was
+over. Let Wilhelmina now speak her own lively experiences of that
+same Friday:--
+
+"I got to Berneck at ten. The heat was excessive; I found myself
+quite worn out with the little journey I had done. I alighted at
+the House which had been got ready for my Brother. We waited for
+him, and in vain waited, till three in the afternoon. At three we
+lost patience; had dinner served without him. Whilst we were at
+table, there came on a frightful thunder-storm. I have witnessed
+nothing so terrible: the thunder roared and reverberated among the
+rocky cliffs which begirdle Berneck; and it seemed as if the world
+was going to perish: a deluge of rain succeeded the thunder.
+
+"It was four o'clock; and I could not understand what had become
+of my Brother. I had sent out several persons on horseback to get
+tidings of him, and none of them came back. At length, in spite of
+all my prayers, the Hereditary Prince [my excellent Husband]
+himself would go in search. I remained waiting till nine at night,
+and nobody returned. I was in cruel agitations: these cataracts of
+rain are very dangerous in the mountain countries; the roads get
+suddenly overflowed, and there often happen misfortunes. I thought
+for certain, there had one happened to my Brother or to the
+Hereditary Prince." Such a 2d of July, to poor Wilhelmina!
+
+"At last, about nine, somebody brought word that my Brother had
+changed his route, and was gone to Culmbach [a House of ours,
+lying westward, known to readers]; there to stay overnight. I was
+for setting out thither,--Culmbach is twenty miles from Berneck;
+but the roads are frightful," White Mayn, still a young River,
+dashing through the rock-labyrinths there, "and full of 
+precipices:--everybody rose in opposition, and, whether I would or
+not, they put me into the carriage for Himmelkron [partly on the
+road thither], which is only about ten miles off. We had like to
+have got drowned on the road; the waters were so swoln [White Mayn
+and its angry brooks], the horses could not cross but by swimming.
+
+"I arrived at last, about one in the morning. I instantly threw
+myself on a bed. I was like to die with weariness; and in mortal
+terrors that something had happened to my Brother or the
+Hereditary Prince. This latter relieved me on his own score;
+he arrived at last, about four o'clock,--had still no news farther
+of my Brother. I was beginning to doze a little, when they came to
+warn me that 'M. von Knobelsdorf wished to speak with me from the
+Prince-Royal.' I darted out of bed, and ran to him. He," handing
+me a Letter, "brought word that"--
+
+But let us now give Letter Second, which has turned up lately, and
+which curiously completes the picture here. Friedrich, on rising
+refreshed with sleep at Hof, had taken a cheerfuler view; and the
+Generals still lagging rearward, he thinks it possible to see
+Wilhelmiua after all. Possible; and yet so very dangerous,--
+perhaps not possible? Here is a second Letter written from
+Munchberg, some fifteen miles farther on, at an after period of
+the same Friday: purport still of a perplexed nature, "I will, and
+I dare not;"--practical outcome, of itself uncertain, is scattered
+now by torrents and thunderstorms. This is the Letter, which
+Knobelsdorf now hands to Wilhelmina at that untimely hour
+of Saturday:--
+
+2. TO PRINCESS WILHELMINA (by Knobelsdorf).
+
+"MUNCHBERG, 2d July, 1754.
+
+"MY DEAREST SISTER,--I am in despair that I cannot satisfy my
+impatience and my duty,--to throw myself at your feet this day.
+But alas, dear Sister, it does not depend on me: we poor Princes,
+"the Margraves and I," are obliged to wait here till our Generals
+[Bredow, Schulenburg and Company] come up; we dare not go along
+without them. They broke a wheel in Gera [fifty miles behind us];
+hearing nothing of them since, we are absolutely forced to wait
+here. Judge in what a mood I am, and what sorrow must be mine!
+Express order not to go by Baireuth or Anspach:--forbear, dear
+sister, to torment me on things not depending on myself at all.
+
+"I waver between hope and fear of paying my court to you. I hope
+it might still be at Berneck," this evening,--"if you could
+contrive a road into the Nurnberg Highway again; avoiding
+Baireuth: otherwise I dare not go. The Bearer, who is Captain
+Knobelsdorf [excellent judicious man, old acquaintance from the
+Custrin time, who attends upon us, actual Captain once, but now
+titular merely, given to architecture and the fine arts (Seyfarth
+(Anonymous), <italic> Lebens- und Regierungs-Geschichte Friedrichs
+des Andern <end italic> (Leipzig, 1786), ii. 200. <italic> OEuvres
+de Frederic, <end italic> vii. 33. Preuss, <italic> Friedrich mit
+seinen Verwandten <end italic> (Berlin. 1838), pp. 8, 17.)], will
+apprise you of every particular: let Knobelsdorf settle something
+that may be possible. This is how I stand at present; and instead
+of having to expect some favor from the King [after what I have
+done by his order], I get nothing but chagrin. But what is crueler
+upon me than all, is that you are ill. God, in his grace, be
+pleased to help you, and restore the precious health which I so
+much wish you! ...    FRIEDRICH."
+
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part lst, p. 15.]
+
+Judicious Knobelsdorf settles that the meeting is to be this very
+morning at eight; Wilhelmina (whose memory a little fails her in
+the insignificant points) does not tell us where: but, by faint
+indications, I perceive it was in the Lake-House, pleasant
+Pavilion in the ancient artificial Lake, or big ornamental
+Fishpond, called BRANDENBURGER WEIHER, a couple of miles to the
+north of Baireuth: there Friedrich is to stop,--keeping the
+Paternal Order from the teeth outwards in this manner.
+Eight o'clock: so that Wilhelmina is obliged at once to get upon
+the road again,--poor Princess, after such a day and night.
+Her description of the Interview is very good:--
+
+"My Brother overwhelmed me with caresses; but found me in so
+pitiable a state, he could not restrain his tears. I was not able
+to stand on my limbs; and felt like to faint every moment, so weak
+was I. He told me the King was much angered at the Margraf [my
+Father-in-Law] for not letting his Son make the Campaign,"--
+concerning which point, said Son, my Husband, being Heir-Apparent,
+there had been much arguing in Court and Country, here at
+Baireuth, and endless anxiety on my poor part, lest he should get
+killed in the Wars. "I told him all the Margraf's reasons;
+and added, that surely they were good, in respect of my dear
+Husband. 'Well,' said he, 'let him quit soldiering, then, and give
+back his regiment to the King. But for the rest, quiet yourself as
+to the fears you may have about him if he do go; for I know, by
+certain information, that there will be no blood spilt.'--'They
+are at the Siege of Philipsburg, however.'--'Yes,' said my
+Brother, 'but there will not be a battle risked to hinder it.'
+
+"The Hereditary Prince," my Husband, "came in while we were
+talking so; and earnestly entreated my Brother to get him away
+from Baireuth. They went to a window, and talked a long time
+together. In the end, my Brother told me he would write a very
+obliging Letter to the Margraf, and give him such reasons in favor
+of the Campaign, that he doubted not it would turn the scale.
+'We will stay together,' said he, addressing the Hereditary
+Prince; 'and I shall be charmed to have my dear Brother always
+beside me.' He wrote the Letter; gave it to Baron Stein
+[Chamberlain or Goldstick of ours], to deliver to the Margraf.
+He promised to obtain the King's express leave to stop at Baireuth
+on his return;--after which he went away. It was the last time I
+saw him on the old footing with me: he has much changed since
+then!--We returned to Baireuth; where I was so ill that, for three
+days, they did not think I should get over it." [Wilhelmina,
+ii. 200-202.]
+
+Crown-Prince dashes off, southwestward, through cross country,
+into the Nurnberg Road again; gets to Nurnberg that same Saturday
+night; and there, among other Letters, writes the following;
+which will wind up this little Incident for us, still in a
+human manner:--
+
+3. TO PRINCESS WILHELMINA AT BAIREUTH.
+
+"NURNBERG, 3d July, 1734.
+
+"MY DEAREST (TRES-CHERE) SISTER,--It would be impossible to quit
+this place without signifying, dearest Sister, my lively gratitude
+for all the marks of favor you showed me in the WEIHERHAUS [House
+on the Lake, to-day]. The highest of all that it was possible to
+do, was that of procuring me the satisfaction of paying my court
+to you. I beg millions of pardons for so putting you about,
+dearest Sister; but I could not help it; for you know my sad
+circumstances well enough. In my great joy, I forgot to give you
+the Enclosed. I entreat you, write me often news of your health!
+Question the Doctors; and"--and in certain contingencies, the
+Crown-Prince "would recommend goat's-milk" for his poor Sister.
+Had already, what was noted of him in after life, a tendency to
+give medical advice, in cases interesting to him?--
+
+"Adieu, my incomparable and dear Sister. I am always the same to
+you, and will remain so till my death.
+
+"FRIEDRICH."
+
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part lst, p. 57.]
+
+Generals with their wheel mended, Margraves, Prince and now the
+Camp Equipage too, are all at Nurnberg; and start on the morrow;
+hardly a hundred miles now to be done,--but on slower terms, owing
+to the Equipage. Heilbronn, place of arms or central stronghold of
+the Reich's-Army, they reach on Monday: about Eppingen, next
+night, if the wind is westerly, one may hear the cannon,--not
+without interest. It was Wednesday forenoon, 7th July, 1734, on
+some hill-top coming down from Eppingen side, that the Prince
+first saw Philipsburg Siege, blotting the Rhine Valley yonder with
+its fire and counter-fire; and the Tents of Eugene stretching on
+this side: first view he ever had of the actualities of war.
+His account to Papa is so distinct and good, we look through it
+almost as at first-hand for a moment:--
+
+"CAMP AT WIESENTHAL, Wednesday, 7th July, 1734.
+
+"MOST ALL-GRACIOUS FATHER,-- ... We left Nurnberg [nothing said of
+our Baireuth affair], 4th early, and did not stop till Heilbronn;
+where, along with the Equipage, I arrived on the 5th. Yesterday I
+came with the Equipage to Eppingen [twenty miles, a slow march,
+giving the fourgons time]; and this morning we came to the Camp at
+Wiesenthal. I have dined with General Roder [our Prussian
+Commander]; and, after dinner, rode with Prince Eugene while
+giving the parole. I handed him my All-gracious Father's Letter,
+which much rejoiced him. After the parole, I went to see the
+relieving of our outposts [change of sentries there], and view the
+French retrenchment.
+
+"We," your Majesty's Contingent, "are throwing up three redoubts:
+at one of them today, three musketeers have been miserably shot
+[GESCHOSSEN, wounded, not quite killed]; two are of Roder's, and
+one is of Finkenstein's regiment.
+
+"To-morrow I will ride to a village which is on our right wing;
+Waghausel is the name of it [Busching, v. 1152.] [some five miles
+off, north of us, near by the Rhine]; there is a steeple there,
+from which one can see the French Camp; from this point I will
+ride down, between the two Lines," French and ours, "to see what
+they are like.
+
+"There are quantities of hurdles and fascines being made;
+which, as I hear, are to be employed in one of two different
+plans. The first plan is, To attack the French retrenchment
+generally; the ditch which is before it, and the morass which
+lies on our left wing, to be made passable with these fascines.
+The other plan is, To amuse the Enemy by a false attack, and throw
+succor into the Town.--One thing is certain, in a few days we
+shall have a stroke of work here. Happen what may, my All-gracious
+Father may be assured that" &c., "and that I will do nothing
+unworthy of him.
+
+"FRIEDRICH."
+
+[<italic> OEuvres, <end italic> xxvii. part 3d, p. 79.]
+
+Neither of those fine plans took effect; nor did anything take
+effect, as we shall see. But in regard to that "survey from the
+steeple of Waghausel, and ride home again between the Lines,"--in
+regard to that, here is an authentic fraction of anecdote,
+curiously fitting in, which should not be omitted. A certain Herr
+van Suhm, Saxon Minister at Berlin, occasionally mentioned here,
+stood in much Correspondence with the Crown-Prince in the years
+now following: Correspondence which was all published at the due
+distance of time; Suhm having, at his decease, left the Prince's
+Letters carefully assorted with that view, and furnished with a
+Prefatory "Character of the Prince-Royal <italic> (Portrait du
+Prince-Royal, par M. de Suhm)." <end italic> Of which Preface this
+is a small paragraph, relating to the Siege of Philipsburg;
+offering us a momentary glance into one fibre of the futile War
+now going on there. Of Suhm, and how exact he was, we shall know a
+little by and by. Of "Prince von Lichtenstein," an Austrian man
+and soldier of much distinction afterwards, we have only to say
+that he came to Berlin next year on Diplomatic business, and that
+probably enough he had been eye-witness to the little fact,--fact
+credible perhaps without much proving. One rather regretted there
+was no date to it, no detail to give it whereabout and fixity in
+our conception; that the poor little Anecdote, though indubitable,
+had to hang vaguely in the air. Now, however, the above dated
+LETTER does, by accident, date Suhm's Anecdote too; date "July 8"
+as good as certain for it; the Siege itself having ended (July 18)
+in ten days more. Herr von Suhm writes (not for publication till
+after Friedrich's death and his own):--
+
+"It was remarked in the Rhine Campaign of 1734, that this Prince
+has a great deal of intrepidity (BEAUCOUP DE VALEUR). On one
+occasion, among others [to all appearance, this very day,
+"July 8," riding home from Waghausel between the lines], when he
+had gone to reconnoitre the Lines of Philipsburg, with a good many
+people about him,--passing, on his return, along a strip of very
+thin wood, the cannon-shot from the Lines accompanied him
+incessantly, and crashed down several trees at his side; during
+all which he walked his horse along at the old pace, precisely as
+if nothing were happening, nor in his hand upon the bridle was
+there the least trace of motion perceptible. Those who gave
+attention to the matter remarked, on the contrary, that he did not
+discontinue speaking very tranquilly to some Generals who
+accompanied him; and who admired his bearing, in a kind of danger
+with which he had not yet had occasion to familiarize himself.
+It is from the Prince von Lichtenstein that I have this anecdote."
+[<italic> Correspondance de Frederic II. avec M. de Suhm <end
+italic> (Berlin, 1787); Avant-propos, p. xviii. (written 28th
+April, 1740). The CORRESPONDANCE is all in <italic> OEuvres de
+Frederic <end italic> (xvi, 247-408); but the Suhm Preface not.]
+
+On the 15th arrived his Majesty in person, with the Old Dessauer,
+Buddenbrock, Derschau and a select suite; in hopes of witnessing
+remarkable feats of war, now that the crisis of Philipsburg was
+coming on. Many Princes were assembled there, in the like hope:
+Prince of Orange (honeymoon well ended [Had wedded Princess Anne,
+George II.'s eldest, 25th (14th) March, 1734; to the joy of self
+and mankind, in England here.]), a vivacious light gentleman,
+slightly crooked in the back; Princes of Baden, Darmstadt,
+Waldeck: all manner of Princes and distinguished personages,
+fourscore Princes of them by tale, the eyes of Europe being turned
+on this matter, and on old Eugene's guidance of it. Prince Fred of
+England, even he had a notion of coming to learn war.
+
+It was about this time, not many weeks ago, that Fred, now falling
+into much discrepancy with his Father, and at a loss for a career
+to himself, appeared on a sudden in the Antechamber at St. James's
+one day; and solemnly demanded an interview with his Majesty.
+Which his indignant Majesty, after some conference with Walpole,
+decided to grant. Prince Fred, when admitted, made three demands:
+1. To be allowed to go upon the Rhine Campaign, by way of a
+temporary career for himself; 2. That he might have something
+definite to live upon, a fixed revenue being suitable in his
+circumstances; 3. That, after those sad Prussian disappointments,
+some suitable Consort might be chosen for him,--heart and
+household lying in such waste condition. Poor Fred, who of us
+knows what of sense might be in these demands? Few creatures more
+absurdly situated are to be found in this world. To go where his
+equals were, and learn soldiering a little, might really have been
+useful. Paternal Majesty received Fred and his Three Demands with
+fulminating look; answered, to the first two, nothing; to the
+third, about a Consort, "Yes, you shall; but be respectful to the
+Queen;--and now. off with you; away!" [Coxe's <italic> Walpole,
+<end italic> i. 322.]
+
+Poor Fred, he has a circle of hungry Parliamenteers about him;
+young Pitt, a Cornet of Horse, young Lyttelton of Hagley, our old
+Soissons friend, not to mention others of worse type; to whom this
+royal Young Gentleman, with his vanities, ambitions,
+inexperiences, plentiful inflammabilities, is important for
+exploding Walpole. He may have, and with great justice I should
+think, the dim consciousness of talents for doing something better
+than "write madrigals" in this world; infinitude of wishes and
+appetites he clearly has;--he is full of inflammable materials,
+poor youth. And he is the Fireship those older hands make use of
+for blowing Walpole and Company out of their anchorage. What a
+school of virtue for a young gentleman;--and for the elder ones
+concerned with him! He did not get to the Rhine Campaign;
+nor indeed ever to anything, except to writing madrigals, and
+being very futile, dissolute and miserable with what of talent
+Nature had given him. Let us pity the poor constitutional Prince.
+Our Fritz was only in danger of losing his life; but what is that,
+to losing your sanity, personal identity almost, and becoming
+Parliamentary Fireship to his Majesty's Opposition?
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm stayed a month campaigning here; graciously
+declined Prince Eugene's invitation to lodge in Headquarters,
+under a roof and within built walls; preferred a tent among his
+own people, and took the common hardships,--with great hurt to his
+weak health, as was afterwards found.
+
+In these weeks, the big Czarina, who has set a price (100,000
+rubles, say 15,000 pounds) upon the head of poor Stanislaus, hears
+that his Prussian Majesty protects him; and thereupon signifies,
+in high terms, That she, by her Feld-marschall Munnich, will come
+across the frontiers and seize the said Stanislaus. To which his
+Prussian Majesty answers positively, though in proper Diplomatic
+tone, "Madam, I will in no wise permit it!" Perhaps his Majesty's
+remarkablest transaction, here on the Rhine, was this concerning
+Stanislaus. For Seckendorf the Feldzeugmeister was here also, on
+military function, not forgetful of the Diplomacies; who busily
+assailed his Majesty, on the Kaiser's part, in the same direction:
+"Give up Stanislaus, your Majesty! How ridiculous (LACHERLICH) to
+be perhaps ruined for Stanislaus!" But without the least effect,
+now or afterwards.
+
+Poor Stanislaus, in the beginning of July, got across into
+Preussen, as we intimated; and there he continued, safe against
+any amount of rubles and Feldmarschalls, entreaties and menaces.
+At Angerburg, on the Prussian frontier, he found a steadfast
+veteran, Lieutenant-General von Katte, Commandant in those parts
+(Father of a certain poor Lieutenant, whom we tragically knew of
+long ago!)--which veteran gentleman received tbe Fugitive Majesty,
+[<italic> Militair-Lexikon, <end italic> ii. 254.] with welcome in
+the King's name, and assurances of an honorable asylum till the
+times and roads should clear again for his Fugitive Majesty.
+Fugitive Majesty, for whom the roads and times were very dark at
+present, went to Marienwerder; talked of going "to Pillau, for a
+sea-passage," of going to various places; went finally to
+Konigsberg, and there--with a considerable Polish Suite of
+Fugitives, very moneyless, and very expensive, most of them, who
+had accumulated about him--set up his abode. There for almost two
+years, in fact till this War ended, the Fugitive Polish Majesty
+continued; Friedrich Wilhelm punctually protecting him, and even
+paying him a small Pension (50 pounds a month),--France, the least
+it could do for the Grandfather of France, allowing a much larger
+one; larger, though still inadequate. France has left its
+Grandfather strangely in the lurch here; with "100,000 rubles on
+his head." But Friedrich Wilhelm knows the sacred rites, and will
+do them; continues deaf as a door-post alike to the menaces and
+the entreaties of Kaiser and Czarina; strictly intimating to
+Munnich, what the Laws of Neutrality are, and that they must be
+observed. Which, by his Majesty's good arrangements, Munnich,
+willing enough to the contrary had it been feasible, found himself
+obliged to comply with. Prussian Majesty, like a King and a
+gentleman, would listen to no terms about dismissing or delivering
+up, or otherwise, failing in the sacred rites to Stanislaus;
+but honorably kept him there till the times and routes cleared
+themselves again. [Forster, ii. 132, 134-136.] A plain piece of
+duty; punctually done: the beginning of it falls here in the Camp
+at Philipsburg, July-August 1734; in May, 1736, we shall see some
+glimpse of the end!--
+
+His Prussian Majesty in Camp at Philipsburg--so distinguished a
+volunteer, doing us the honor to encamp here--"was asked to all
+the Councils-of-war that were held," say the Books. And he did
+attend, the Crown-Prince and he, on important occasions: but,
+alas, there was, so to speak, nothing to be consulted of.
+Fascines and hurdles lay useless; no attempt was made to relieve
+Philipsburg. On the third day after his Majesty's arrival, July
+18th, Philipsburg, after a stiff defence of six weeks, growing
+hopeless of relief, had to surrender;--French then proceeded to
+repair Philipsburg, no attempt on Eugene's part to molest them
+there. If they try ulterior operations on this side the River, he
+counter-tries; and that is all.
+
+Our Crown-Prince, somewhat of a judge in after years, is maturely
+of opinion, That the French Lines were by no means inexpugnable;
+that the French Army might have been ruined under an attack of the
+proper kind. [<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> i. 167.]
+Their position was bad; no room to unfold themselves for fight,
+except with the Town's cannon playing on them all the while;
+only one Bridge to get across by, in case of coming to the worse:
+defeat of them probable, and ruin to them inevitable in case of
+defeat. But Prince Eugene, with an Army little to his mind
+(Reich's-Contingents not to be depended on, thought Eugene), durst
+not venture: "Seventeen victorious Battles, and if we should be
+defeated in the eighteenth and last?"
+
+It is probable the Old Dessauer, had he been Generalissimo, with
+this same Army,--in which, even in the Reich's part of it, we know
+ten thousand of an effective character,--would have done some
+stroke upon the French; but Prince Eugene would not try.
+Much dimmed from his former self this old hero; age now 73;--
+a good deal wearied with the long march through Time. And this
+very Summer, his Brother's Son, the last male of his House, had
+suddenly died of inflammatory fever; left the old man very
+mournful: "Alone, alone, at the end of one's long march;
+laurels have no fruit, then?" He stood cautious, on the defensive;
+and in this capacity is admitted to have shown skilful management.
+
+But Philipsburg being taken, there is no longer the least event to
+be spoken of; the Campaign passed into a series of advancings,
+retreatings, facing, and then right-about facings,--painful
+manoeuvrings, on both sides of the Rhine and of the Neckar,--
+without result farther to the French, without memorability to
+either side. About the middle of August, Friedrich Wilhelm went
+away;--health much hurt by his month under canvas, amid Rhine
+inundations, and mere distressing phenomena. Crown-Prince
+Friedrich and a select party escorted his Majesty to Mainz, where
+was a Dinner of unusual sublimity by the Kurfurst there; [15th
+August (Fassmann, p. 511.)]--Dinner done, his Majesty stept on
+board "the Electoral Yacht;" and in this fine hospitable vehicle
+went sweeping through the Binger Loch, rapidly down towards Wesel;
+and the Crown-Prince and party returned to their Camp, which is
+upon the Neckar at this time.
+
+Camp shifts about, and Crown-Prince in it: to Heidelberg, to
+Waiblingen, Weinheim; close to Mainz at one time: but it is not
+worth following: nor in Friedrich's own Letters, or in other
+documents, is there, on the best examination, anything
+considerable to be gleaned respecting his procedures there.
+He hears of the ill-success in Italy, Battle of Parma at the due
+date, with the natural feelings; speaks with a sorrowful gayety,
+of the muddy fatigues, futilities here on the Rhine;--has the
+sense, however, not to blame his superiors unreasonably.
+Here, from one of his Letters to Colonel Camas, is a passage worth
+quoting for the credit of the writer. With Camas, a distinguished
+Prussian Frenchman, whom we mentioned elsewhere, still more with
+Madame Camas in time coming, he corresponded much, often in a fine
+filial manner:--
+
+"The present Campaign is a school, where profit may be reaped from
+observing the confusion and disorder which reigns in this Army:
+it has been a field very barren in laurels; and those who have
+been used, all their life, to gather such, and on Seventeen
+distinguished occasions have done so, can get none this time."
+Next year, we all hope to be on the Moselle, and to find that a
+fruitfuler field ... "I am afraid, dear Camas, you think I am
+going to put on the cothurnus; to set up for a small Eugene, and,
+pronouncing with a doctoral tone what each should have done and
+not have done, condemn and blame to right and left. No, my dear
+Camas; far from carrying my arrogance to that point, I admire the
+conduct of our Chief, and do not disapprove that of his worthy
+Adversary; and far from forgetting the esteem and consideration
+due to persons who, scarred with wounds, have by years and long
+service gained a consummate experience, I shall hear them more
+willingly than ever as my teachers, and try to learn from them how
+to arrive at honor, and what is the shortest road into the secret
+of this Profession." ["Camp at Heidelberg, 11th September, 1734"
+(<italic> OEuvres, <end italic> xvi. 131).]
+
+This other, to Lieutenant Groben, three weeks earlier in date,
+shows us a different aspect; which is at least equally authentic;
+and may be worth taking with us. Groben is Lieutenant,--I suppose
+still of the Regiment Goltz, though he is left there behind;--at
+any rate, he is much a familiar with the Prince at Ruppin;
+was ringleader, it is thought, in those midnight pranks upon
+parsons, and the other escapades there; [Busching, v. 20.] a merry
+man, eight years older than the Prince,--with whom it is clear
+enough he stands on a very free footing. Philipsburg was lost a
+month ago; French are busy repairing it; and manoeuvring, with no
+effect, to get into the interior of Germany a little. Weinheim is
+a little Town on the north side of the Neckar, a dozen miles or so
+from Mannheim;--out of which, and into which, the Prussian Corps
+goes shifting from time to time, as Prince Eugene and the French
+manoeuvre to no purpose in that Rhine-Neckar Country. "HERDEK
+TEREMTETEM" it appears, is a bit of Hungarian swearing; should be
+ORDEK TEREMTETE; and means "The Devil made you!"
+
+
+MAP GOES HERE------
+
+
+"WEINHEIM, 17th August, 1734.
+
+"HERDEK TEREMTETE! 'Went with them, got hanged with them,'
+[<italic> "Mitgegangen mitgehangen:" <end italic> Letter is in
+German.] said the Bielefeld Innkeeper! So will it be with me, poor
+devil; for I go dawdling about with this Army here; and the French
+will have the better of us. We want to be over the Neckar again
+[to the South or Philipsburg side], and the rogues won't let us.
+What most provokes me in the matter is, that while we are here in
+such a wilderness of trouble, doing our utmost, by military labors
+and endurances, to make ourselves heroic, thou sittest, thou
+devil, at home!
+
+"Duc de Bouillon has lost his equipage; our Hussars took it at
+Landau [other side the Rhine, a while ago]. Here we stand in mud
+to the ears; fifteen of the Regiment Alt-Baden have sunk
+altogether in the mud. Mud comes of a water-spout, or sudden
+cataract of rain, there was in these Heidelberg Countries;
+two villages, Fuhrenheim and Sandhausen, it swam away, every stick
+of them (GANZ UND GAR).
+
+"Captain van Stojentin, of Regiment Flans," one of our eight
+Regiments here, "has got wounded in the head, in an affair of
+honor; he is still alive, and it is hoped he will get through it.
+
+"The Drill-Demon has now got into the Kaiser's people too:
+Prince Eugene is grown heavier with his drills than we ourselves.
+He is often three hours at it;--and the Kaiser's people curse us
+for the same, at a frightful rate. Adieu. If the Devil don't get
+thee, he ought. Therefore VALE. [<italic> OEuvres de Frederic,
+<end italic> xxvii. part 3d, p. 181.]
+
+"FRIEDRICH."
+
+No laurels to be gained here; but plenty of mud, and laborious
+hardship,--met, as we perceive, with youthful stoicism, of the
+derisive, and perhaps of better forms. Friedrich is twenty-two and
+some months, when he makes his first Campaign. The general
+physiognomy of his behavior in it we have to guess from these few
+indications. No doubt he profited by it, on the military side;
+and would study with quite new light and vivacity after such
+contact with the fact studied of. Very didactic to witness even
+"the confusions of this Army," and what comes of them to Armies!
+For the rest, the society of Eugene, Lichtenstein, and so many
+Princes of the Reich, and Chiefs of existing mankind, could not
+but be entertaining to the young man; and silently, if he wished
+to read the actual Time, as sure enough he, with human and with
+royal eagerness, did wish,--they were here as the ALPHABET of it
+to him: important for years coming. Nay it is not doubted, the
+insight he here got into the condition of the Austrian Army and
+its management--"Army left seven days without bread," for one
+instance--gave him afterwards the highly important notion, that
+such Army could be beaten if necessary!--
+
+Wilhelmina says, his chief comrade was Margraf Heinrich;--the ILL
+Margraf; who was cut by Friedrich, in after years, for some
+unknown bad behavior. Margraf Heinrich "led him into all manner of
+excesses," says Wilhelmina,--probably in the language of
+exaggeration. He himself tells her, in one of his LETTERS, a day
+or two before Papa's departure: "The Camp is soon to be close on
+Mainz, nothing but the Rhine between Mainz and our right wing,
+where my place is; and so soon as Serenissimus goes [LE
+SERENISSIME, so he irreverently names Papa], I mean to be across
+for some sport," [<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic>
+xxvii. part 1st, p. 17 (10th August).]--no doubt the Ill Margraf
+with me! With the Elder Margraf, little Sophie's Betrothed, whom
+he called "big clown" in a Letter we read, he is at this date in
+open quarrel,--"BROUILLE A TOUTE OUTRANCE with the mad Son-in-law,
+who is the wildest wild-beast of all this Camp." [Ibid.]
+
+Wilhelmina's Husband had come, in the beginning of August; but was
+not so happy as he expected. Considerably cut out by the Ill
+Heinrich. Here is a small adventure they had; mentioned by
+Friedrich, and copiously recorded by Wilhelmina: adventure on some
+River,--which we could guess, if it were worth guessing, to have
+been the Neckar, not the Rhine. French had a fortified post on the
+farther side of this River; Crown-Prince, Ill Margraf, and
+Wilhelmina's Husband were quietly looking about them, riding up
+the other side: Wilhelmina's Husband decided to take a pencil-
+drawing of the French post, and paused for that object.
+Drawing was proceeding unmolested, when his foolish Baireuth
+Hussar, having an excellent rifle (ARQUEBUSE RAYEE) with him, took
+it into his head to have a shot at the French sentries at long
+range. His shot hit nothing; but it awakened the French animosity,
+as was natural; the French began diligently firing; and might
+easily have done mischief. My Husband, volleying out some rebuke
+upon the blockhead of a Hussar, finished his drawing, in spite of
+the French bullets; then rode up to the Crown-Prince and Ill
+Margraf, who had got their share of what was going, and were in no
+good-humor with him. Ill Margraf rounded things into the Crown-
+Prince's ear, in an unmannerly way, with glances at my Husband;--
+who understood it well enough; and promptly coerced such ill-bred
+procedures, intimating, in a polite impressive way, that they
+would be dangerous if persisted in. Which reduced the Ill Margraf
+to a spiteful but silent condition. No other harm was done at that
+time; the French bullets all went awry, or "even fell short, being
+sucked in by the river," thinks Wilhelmina. [Wilhelmina, ii. 208,
+209; <italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part 1st,
+p. 19.]
+
+A more important feature of the Crown-Prince's life in these
+latter weeks is the news he gets of his father. Friedrich Wilhelm,
+after quitting the Electoral Yacht, did his reviewing at Wesel, at
+Bielefeld, all his reviewing in those Rhine and Weser Countries;
+then turned aside to pay a promised visit to Ginkel the Berlin
+Dutch Ambassador, who has a fine House in those parts; and there
+his Majesty has fallen seriously ill. Obliged to pause at
+Ginkel's, and then at his own Schloss of Moyland, for some time;
+does not reach Potsdam till the 14th September, and then in a
+weak, worsening, and altogether dangerous condition, which lasts
+for months to come. [Fassmann, pp. 512-533: September, 1734-
+January, 1735.] Wrecks of gout, they say, and of all manner of
+nosological mischief; falling to dropsy. Case desperate, think all
+the Newspapers, in a cautious form; which is Friedrich Wilhelm's
+own opinion pretty much, and that of those better informed.
+Here are thoughts for a Crown-Prince; well affected to his Father,
+yet suffering much from him which is grievous. To by-standers, one
+now makes a different figure: "A Crown-Prince, who may be King one
+of these days,--whom a little adulation were well spent upon!"
+From within and from without come agitating influences;
+thoughts which must be rigorously repressed, and which are not
+wholly repressible. The soldiering Crown-Prince, from about the
+end of September, for the last week or two of this Campaign, is
+secretly no longer quite the same to himself or to others.
+
+
+GLIMPSE OF LIEUTENANT CHASOT, AND OF OTHER ACQUISITIONS.
+
+We have still two little points to specify, or to bring up from
+the rearward whither they are fallen, in regard to this Campaign.
+After which the wearisome Campaign shall terminate; Crown-Prince
+leading his Ten Thousand to Frankfurt, towards their winter-
+quarters in Westphalia; and then himself running across from
+Frankfurt (October 5th), to see Wilhelmina for a day or two on the
+way homewards:--with much pleasure to all parties, my readers and
+me included!
+
+FIRST point is, That, some time in this Campaign, probably towards
+the end of it, the Crown-Prince, Old Dessauer and some others with
+them, "procured passports," went across, and "saw the French
+Camp," and what new phenomena were in it for them. Where, when,
+how, or with what impression left on either side, we do not learn.
+It was not much of a Camp for military admiration, this of the
+French. [<italic> Memoires de Noailles <end italic> (passim).]
+There were old soldiers of distinction in it here and there; a few
+young soldiers diligently studious of their art; and a great many
+young fops of high birth and high ways, strutting about "in red-
+heeled shoes," with "Commissions got from Court" for this War, and
+nothing of the soldier but the epaulettes and plumages,--apt to be
+"insolent" among their poorer comrades. From all parties, young
+and old, even from that insolent red-heel party, nothing but the
+highest finish of politeness could be visible on this particular
+occasion. Doubtless all passed in the usual satisfactory manner;
+and the Crown-Prince got his pleasant excursion, and materials, 
+more or less, for after thought and comparison. But as there is
+nothing whatever of it on record for us but the bare fact, we
+leave it to the reader's imagination,--fact being indubitable, and
+details not inconceivable to lively readers. Among the French
+dignitaries doing the honors of their Camp on this occasion, he
+was struck by the General's Adjutant, a "Count de Rottembourg"
+(properly VON ROTHENBURG, of German birth, kinsman to the
+Rothenburg whom we have seen as French Ambassador at Berlin long
+since); a promising young soldier; whom he did not lose sight of
+again, but acquired in due time to his own service, and found to
+be of eminent worth there. A Count von Schmettau, two Brothers von
+Schmettau, here in the Austrian service; superior men, Prussian by
+birth, and very fit to be acquired by and by; these the Crown-
+Prince had already noticed in this Rhine Campaign,--having always
+his eyes open to phenomena of that kind.
+
+The SECOND little point is of date perhaps two months anterior to
+that of the French Camp; and is marked sufficiently in this
+Excerpt from our confused manuscripts.
+
+Before quitting Philipsburg, there befell one slight adventure,
+which, though it seemed to be nothing, is worth recording here.
+One day, date not given, a young French Officer, of ingenuous
+prepossessing look, though much flurried at the moment, came
+across as involuntary deserter; flying from a great peril in his
+own camp. The name of him is Chasot, Lieutenant of such and such a
+Regiment: "Take me to Prince Eugene!" he entreats, which is done.
+Peril was this: A high young gentleman, one of those fops in red
+heels, ignorant, and capable of insolence to a poorer comrade of
+studious turn, had fixed a duel upon Chasot. Chasot ran him
+through, in fair duel; dead, and is thought to have deserved it.
+"But Duc de Boufflers is his kinsman: run, or you are lost!" cried
+everybody. The Officers of his Regiment hastily redacted some
+certificate for Chasot, hastily signed it; and Chasot ran,
+scarcely waiting to pack his baggage.
+
+"Will not your Serene Highness protect me?"--"Certainly!" said
+Eugene;--gave Chasot a lodging among his own people; and appointed
+one of them, Herr Brender by name, to show him about, and teach
+him the nature of his new quarters. Chasot, a brisk, ingenuous
+young fellow, soon became a favorite; eager to be useful where
+possible; and very pleasant in discourse, said everybody.
+
+By and by,--still at Philipsburg, as would seem, though it is not
+said,--the Crown-Prince heard of Chasot; asked Brender to bring
+him over. Here is Chasot's own account: through which, as through
+a small eyelet-hole, we peep once more, and for the last time,
+direct into the Crown-Prince's Campaign-life on this occasion:--
+
+"Next morning, at ten o'clock the appointed hour, Brender having
+ordered out one of his horses for me, I accompanied him to the
+Prince; who received us in his Tent,--behind which he had,
+hollowed out to the depth of three or four feet, a large Dining-
+room, with windows, and a roof," I hope of good height, "thatched
+with straw. His Royal Highness, after two hours' conversation, in
+which he had put a hundred questions to me [a Prince desirous of
+knowing the facts], dismissed us; and at parting, bade me return
+often to him in the evenings.
+
+"It was in this Dining-room, at the end of a great dinner, the day
+after next, that the Prussian guard introduced a Trumpet from
+Monsieur d'Asfeld [French Commander-in-Chief since Berwick's
+death], with my three horses, sent over from the French Army.
+Prince Eugene, who was present, and in good humor, said, 'We must
+sell those horses, they don't speak German; Brender will take care
+to mount you some way or other.' Prinoe Lichtenstein immediately
+put a price on my horses; and they were sold on the spot at three
+times their worth. The Prince of Orange, who was of this Dinner
+[slightly crook-backed witty gentleman, English honeymoon well
+over], said to me in a half-whisper, 'Monsieur, there is nothing
+like selling horses to people who have dined well.'
+
+"After this sale, I found myself richer than I had ever been in my
+life. The Prince-Royal sent me, almost daily, a groom and led
+horse, that I might come to him, and sometimes follow him in his
+excursions. At last, he had it proposed to me, by M. de Brender,
+and even by Prince Eugene, to accompany him to Berlin." Which, of
+course, I did; taking Ruppin first. "I arrived at Berlin from
+Ruppin, in 1734, two days after the marriage of Friedrich Wilhelm
+Margraf of Schwedt [Ill Margraf's elder Brother, wildest wild-
+beast of this camp] with the Princess Sophie,"--that is to say,
+12th of November; Marriage having been on the l0th, as the Books
+teach us. Chasot remembers that, on the 14th, "the Crown-Prince
+gave, in his Berlin mansion, a dinner to all the Royal Family," in
+honor of that auspicious wedding. [Kurd vou Schlozer, <italic>
+Chasot <end italic> (Berlin, 1856), pp. 20-22. A pleasant little
+Book; tolerably accurate, and of very readable quality.]
+
+Thus is Chasot established with the Crown-Prince. He will turn up
+fighting well in subsequent parts of this History; and again
+duelling fatally, though nothing of a quarrelsome man, as
+he asserts.
+
+
+CROWN-PRINCE'S VISIT TO BAIREUTH ON THE WAY HOME.
+
+October 4th, the Crown-Prince has parted with Prince Eugene,--not
+to meet again in this world; "an old hero gone to the shadow of
+himself," says the Crown-Prince; [<italic> OEuvres (Memoires de
+Brandebourg), <end italic> i. 167.]--and is giving his Prussian
+War-Captains a farewell dinner at Frankfurt-on-Mayn; having 
+himself led the Ten Thousand so far, towards Winter-quarters, and
+handing them over now to their usual commanders. They are to
+winter in Westphalia, these Ten Thousand, in the Paderborn-Munster
+Country; where they are nothing like welcome to the Ruling Powers;
+nor are intended to be so,--Kur-Koln (proprietor there) and his
+Brother of Bavaria having openly French leanings. The Prussian Ten
+Thousand will have to help themselves to the essential, therefore,
+without welcome;--and things are not pleasant. And the Ruling
+Powers, by protocolling, still more the Commonalty if it try at
+mobbing, ["28th March, 1735" (Fassmann, p. 547); Buchholz,
+i. 136.] can only make them worse. Indeed it is said the Ten
+Thousand, though their bearing was so perfect otherwise, generally
+behaved rather ill in their marches over Germany, during this
+War,--and always worst, it was remarked by observant persons, in
+the countries (Bamberg and Wurzburg, for instance) where their
+officers had in past years been in recruiting troubles.
+Whereby observant persons explained the phenomenon to themselves.
+But we omit all that; our concern lying elsewhere. "Directly after
+dinner at Frankfurt," the Crown-Prince drives off, rapidly as his
+wont is, towards Baireuth. He arrives there on the morrow;
+"October 5th," says Wilhelmina,--who again illuminates him to us,
+though with oblique lights, for an instant.
+
+Wilhelmina was in low spirits:--weak health; add funeral of the
+Prince of Culmbach (killed in the Battle of Parma), illness of
+Papa, and other sombre events:--and was by no means content with
+the Crown-Prince, on this occasion. Strangely altered since we met
+him in July last! It may be, the Crown-Prince, looking, with an
+airy buoyancy of mind, towards a certain Event probably near, has
+got his young head inflated a littie, and carries himself with a
+height new to this beloved Sister;--but probably the sad humor of
+the Princess herself has a good deal to do with it. Alas, the
+contrast between a heart knowing secretly its own bitterness, and
+a friend's heart conscious of joy and triumph, is harsh and
+shocking to the former of the two! Here is the Princess's account;
+with the subtrahend, twenty-five or seventy-five per cent, not
+deducted from it:--
+
+"My Brother arrived, the 5th of October. He seemed to me put out
+(DECONTENANCE); and to break off conversation with me, he said he
+had to write to the King and Queen. I ordered him pen and paper.
+He wrote in my room; and spent more than a good hour in writing a
+couple of Letters, of a line or two each. He then had all the
+Court, one after the other, introduced to him; said nothing to any
+of them, looked merely with a mocking air at them; after which we
+went to dinner.
+
+"Here his whole conversation consisted in quizzing (TURLUPINER)
+whatever he saw; and repeating to me, above a hundred times over,
+the words 'little Prince,' 'little Court.' I was shocked;
+and could not understand how he had changed so suddenly towards
+me. The etiquette of all Courts in the Empire is, that nobody who
+has not at the least the rank of Captain can sit at a Prince's
+table: my Brother put a Lieuteuant there, who was in his suite;
+saying to me, 'A King's Lieutenants are as good as a Margraf's
+Ministers.' I swallowed this incivility, and showed no sign.
+
+"After dinner, being alone with me, he said,"--turning up the
+flippant side of his thoughts, truly, in a questionable way:--
+"'Our Sire is going to end (TIRE A SA FIN); he will not live out
+this month. I know I have made you great promises; but I am not in
+a condition to keep them. I will give you up the Half of the sum
+which the late King [our Grandfather] lent you; [Supra, pp. 161,
+162.] I think you will have every reason to be satisfied with
+that.' I answered, That my regard for him had never been of an
+interested nature; that I would never ask anything of him, but the
+continuance of his friendship; and did not wish one sou, if it
+would in the least inconvenience him. 'No, no,' said he, 'you
+shall have those 100,000 thalers; I have destined them for you.--
+People will be much surprised,' continued he, 'to see me act quite
+differently from what they had expected. They imagine I am going
+to lavish all my treasures, and that money will become as common
+as pebbles at Berlin: but they will find I know better. I mean to
+increase my Army, and to leave all other things on the old
+footing. I will have every consideration for the Queen my Mother,
+and will sate her (RASSASIERAI) with honors; but I do not mean
+that she shall meddle in my affairs; and if she try it, she will
+find so.'" What a speech; what an outbreak of candor in the young
+man, preoccupied with his own great thoughts and difficulties,--to
+the exclusion of any other person's!
+
+"I fell from the clouds, on hearing all that; and knew not if I
+was sleeping or waking. He then questioned me on the affairs of
+this Country. I gave him the detail of them. He said to me: 'When
+your goose (BENET) of a Father-in-law dies, I advise you to break
+up the whole Court, and reduce yourselves to the footing of a
+private gentleman's establishment, in order to pay your debts.
+In real truth, you have no need of so many people; and you must
+try also to reduce the wages of those whom you cannot help
+keeping. You have been accustomed to live at Berlin with a table
+of four dishes; that is all you want here: and I will invite you
+now and then to Berlin; which will spare table and housekeeping.'
+
+"For a long while my heart had been getting big; I could not
+restrain my tears, at hearing all these indignities. 'Why do you
+cry?' said he: 'Ah, ah, you are in low spirits, I see. We must
+dissipate that dark humor. The music waits us; I will drive that
+fit out of you by an air or two on the flute.' He gave me his
+hand, and led me into the other room. I sat down to the
+harpsichord; which I inundated (INONDAI) with my tears.
+Marwitz [my artful Demoiselle d'Atours, perhaps too artful in time
+coming] placed herself opposite me, so as to hide from the others
+what disorder I was in.' [Wilhelmina, ii. 216-218.]
+
+For the last two days of the visit, Wilhelmina admits, her Brother
+was a little kinder. But on the fourth day there came, by
+estafette, a Letter from the Queen, conjuring him to return
+without delay, the King growing worse and worse. Wilhelmina, who
+loved her Father, and whose outlooks in case of his decease
+appeared to be so little flattering, was overwhelmed with sorrow.
+Of her Brother, however, she strove to forget that strange
+outbreak of candor; and parted with him as if all were mended
+between them again. Nay, the day after his departure, there goes a
+beautifully affectionate Letter to him; which we could give, if
+there were room: [<italic> OEuvres, <end italic> xxvii. part 1st,
+p. 23.] "the happiest time I ever in my life had;" "my heart so
+full of gratitude and so sensibly touched;" "every one repeating
+the words 'dear Brother' and 'charming Prince-Royal:'"--a Letter
+in very lively contrast to what we have just been reading.
+A Prince-Royal not without charm, in spite of the hard
+practicalities he is meditating, obliged to meditate!--
+
+As to the outbreak of candor, offensive to Wilhelmina and us, we
+suppose her report of it to be in substance true, though of
+exaggerated, perhaps perverted tone; and it is worth the reader's
+note, with these deductions. The truth is, our charming Princess
+is always liable to a certain subtrahend. In 1744, when she wrote
+those <italic> Memoires, <end italic> "in a Summer-house at
+Baireuth," her Brother and she, owing mainly to go-betweens acting
+on the susceptible female heart, were again in temporary quarrel
+(the longest and worst they ever had), and hardly on speaking
+terms; which of itself made her heart very heavy;--not to say that
+Marwitz, the too artful Demoiselle, seemed to have stolen her
+Husband's affections from the poor Princess, and made the world
+look all a little grim to her. These circumstances have given
+their color to parts of her Narrative, and are not to be forgotten
+by readers.
+
+The Crown-Prince--who goes by Dessau, lodging for a night with the
+Old Dessauer, and writes affectionately to his Sister from that
+place, their Letters crossing on the road--gets home on the 12th
+to Potsdam. October 12th, 1734, he has ended his Rhine Campaign,
+in that manner;--and sees his poor Father, with a great many other
+feelings besides those expressed in the dialogue at Baireuth.
+
+
+
+Chapter XI.
+
+IN PAPA'S SICK-ROOM; PRUSSIAN INSPECTIONS: END OF WAR.
+
+It appears, Friedrich met a cordial reception in the sickroom at
+Potsdam; and, in spite of his levities to Wilhelmina, was struck
+to the heart by what he saw there. For months to come, he seems to
+be continually running between Potsdam and Ruppin, eager to
+minister to his sick Father, when military leave is procurable.
+Other fact, about him, other aspect of him, in those months, is
+not on record for us.
+
+Of his young Madam, or Princess-Royal, peaceably resident at
+Berlin or at Schonhausen, and doing the vacant officialities,
+formal visitings and the like, we hear nothing; of Queen Sophie
+and the others, nothing: anxious, all of them, no doubt, about the
+event at Potsdam, and otherwise silent to us. His Majesty's
+illness comes and goes; now hope, and again almost none.
+Margraf of Schwedt and his young Bride, we already know, were
+married in November; and Lieutenant Chasot (two days old in
+Berlin) told us, there was Dinner by the Crown-Prince to all the
+Royal Family on that occasion;--poor Majesty out at Potsdam
+languishing in the background, meanwhile.
+
+His Carnival the Crown-Prince passes naturally at Berlin. We find
+he takes a good deal to the French Ambassador, one Marquis de la
+Chetardie; a showy restless character, of fame in the Gazettes of
+that time; who did much intriguing at Petersburg some years hence,
+first in a signally triumphant way, and then in a signally
+untriumphant; and is not now worth any knowledge but a transient
+accidental one. Chetardie came hither about Stanislaus and his
+affairs; tried hard, but in vain, to tempt Friedrich Wilhelm into
+interference;--is naturally anxious to captivate the Crown-Prince,
+in present circumstances.
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm lay at Potsdam, between death and life, for
+almost four months to come; the Newspapers speculating much on his
+situation; political people extremely anxious what would become of
+him,--or in fact, when he would die; for that was considered the
+likely issue. Fassmann gives dolorous clippings from the <italic>
+Leyden Gazette, <end italic> all in a blubber of tears, according
+to the then fashion, but full of impertinent curiosity withal.
+And from the Seckendorf private Papers there are Extracts of a
+still more inquisitive and notable character: Seckendorf and the
+Kaiser having an intense interest in this painful occurrence.
+
+Seckendorf is not now himself at Berlin; but running much about,
+on other errands; can only see Friedrich Wilhelm, if at all, in a
+passing way. And even this will soon cease;--and in fact, to us it
+is by far the most excellent result of this French-Austrian War,
+that it carries Seckendorf clear away; who now quits Berlin and
+the Diplomatic line, and obligingly goes out of our sight
+henceforth. The old Ordnance-Master, as an Imperial General of
+rank, is needed now for War-Service, if he has any skill that way.
+In those late months, he was duly in attendance at Philipsburg and
+the Rhine-Campaign, in a subaltern torpid capacity, like
+Brunswick-Bevern and the others; ready for work, had there been
+any: but next season, he expects to have a Division of his own,
+and to do something considerable.--In regard to Berlin and the
+Diplomacies, he has appointed a Nephew of his, a Seckendorf
+Junior, to take his place there; to keep the old machinery in
+gear, if nothing more; and furnish copious reports during the
+present crisis. These Reports of Seckendorf Junior--full of
+eavesdroppings, got from a KAMMERMOHR (Nigger Lackey), who waits
+in the sick-room at Potsdam, and is sensible to bribes--have been
+printed; and we mean to glance slightly into them. But as to
+Seckendorf Senior, readers can entertain the fixed hope that they
+have at length done with him; that, in these our premises, we
+shall never see him again;--nay shall see him, on extraneous dim
+fields, far enough away, smarting and suffering, till even we are
+almost sorry for the old knave!--
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm's own prevailing opinion is, that he cannot
+recover. His bodily sufferings are great: dropsically swollen,
+sometimes like to be choked: no bed that he can bear to lie on;--
+oftenest rolls about in a Bath-chair; very heavy-laden indeed;
+and I think of tenderer humor than in former sicknesses. To the
+Old Dessauer he writes, few days after getting home to Potsdam:
+"I am ready to quit the world, as Your Dilection knows, and has
+various times heard me say. One ship sails faster, another slower;
+but they come all to one haven. Let it be with me, then, as the
+Most High has determined for me." [Orlich, <italic> Geschichte der
+Schlesischen Kriege <end italic> (Berlin, 1841), i. 14. "From the
+Dessau Archives; date, 21st September, 1734."] He has settled his
+affairs, Fassmann says, so far as possible; settled the order of
+his funeral, How he is to be buried, in the Garrison Church of
+Potsdam, without pomp or fuss, like a Prussian Soldier; and what
+regiment or regiments it is that are to do the triple volley over
+him, by way of finis and long farewell. His soul's interests too,
+--we need not doubt he is in deep conference, in deep
+consideration about these; though nothing is said on that point.
+A serious man always, much feeling what immense facts he was
+surrounded with; and here is now the summing up of all facts.
+Occasionally, again, he has hopes; orders up "two hundred of his
+Potsdam Giants to march through the sick-room," since he cannot
+get out to them; or old Generals, Buddenbrock, Waldau, come and
+take their pipe there, in reminiscence of a Tabagie. Here, direct
+from the fountain-head, or Nigger Lackey bribed by Seckendorf
+Junior, is a notice or two:--
+
+"POTSDAM, SEPTEMBER 3Oth, 1734. Yesterday, for half an hour, the
+King could get no breath: he keeps them continually rolling him
+about" in his Bath-chair, "over the room, and cries 'LUFT, LUFT
+(Air, air)!'
+
+"OCTOBER 2d. The King is not going to die just yet; but will
+scarcely see Christmas. He gets on his clothes; argues with the
+Doctors, is impatient; won't have people speak of his illness;--is
+quite black in the face; drinks nothing but MOLL [which we suppose
+to be small bitter beer], takes physic, writes in bed.
+
+"OCTOBER 5th. The Nigger tells me things are better. The King
+begins to bring up phlegm; drinks a great deal of oatmeal water
+[HAFERGRUTZWASSER, comfortable to the sick]; says to the Nigger:
+'Pray diligently, all of you; perhaps I shall not die!'"
+
+October 5th: this is the day the Crown-Prince arrives at Baireuth;
+to be called away by express four days after. How valuable, at
+Vienna or elsewhere, our dark friend the Lackey's medical opinion
+is, may be gathered from this other Entry, three weeks farther
+on,--enough to suffice us on that head:--
+
+"The Nigger tells me he has a bad opinion of the King's health.
+If you roll the King a little fast in his Bath-chair, you hear the
+water jumble in his body,"--with astonishment! "King gets into
+passions; has beaten the pages [may we hope, our dark friend among
+the rest?], so that it was feared apoplexy would take him."
+
+This will suffice for the physiological part; let us now hear our
+poor friend on the Crown-Prince and his arrival:--
+
+"OCTOBER 12th. Return of the Prince-Royal to Potsdam; tender
+reception.--OCTOBER 21st. Things look ill in Potsdam. The other
+leg is now also begun running; and above a quart (MAAS) of water
+has come from it. Without a miracle, the King cannot live,"--
+thinks our dark friend. "The Prince-Royal is truly affected
+(VERITABLEMENT ATTENDRI) at the King's situation; has his eyes
+full of water, has wept the eyes out of his head: has schemed in
+all ways to contrive a commodious bed for the King; wouldn't go
+away from Potsdam. King forced him away; he is to return Saturday
+afternoon. The Prince-Royal has been heard to say, 'If the King
+will let me live in my own way, I would give an arm to lengthen
+his life for twenty years.' King always calls him Fritzchen.
+But Fritzchen," thinks Seckendorf Junior, "knows nothing about
+business. The King is aware of it; and said in the face of him one
+day: 'If thou begin at the wrong end with things, and all go
+topsy-turvy after I am gone, I will laugh at thee out of my
+grave!'" [Seckendorf (BARON), <italic> Journal Secret; <end
+italic> cited in Forster, ii. 142.]
+
+So Friedrich Wilhelm; laboring amid the mortal quicksands; looking
+into the Inevitable, in various moods. But the memorablest speech
+he made to Fritzchen or to anybody at present, was that covert one
+about the Kaiser and Seckendorf, and the sudden flash of insight
+he got, from some word of Seckendorf's, into what they had been
+meaning with him all along. Riding through the village of Priort,
+in debate about Vienna politics of a strange nature, Seckendorf
+said something, which illuminated his Majesty, dark for so many
+years, and showed him where he was. A ghastly horror of a country,
+yawning indisputable there; revealed to one as if by momentary
+lightning, in that manner! This is a speech which all the
+ambassadors report, and which was already mentioned by us,--in
+reference to that opprobrious Proposal about the Crown-Prince's
+Marriage, "Marry with England, after all; never mind breaking your
+word!" Here is the manner of it, with time and place:--
+
+"Sunday last," Sunday, 17th October, 1734, reports Seckendorf,
+Junior, through the Nigger or some better witness, "the King said
+to the Prince-Royal: 'My dear Son, I tell thee I got my death at
+Priort. I entreat thee, above all things in the world, don't trust
+those people (DENEN LEUTEN), however many promises they make.
+That day, it was April 17th, 1733, there was a man said something
+to me: it was as if you had turned a dagger round in my heart.'"
+[Seckendorf (BARON), <italic> Journal Secret; <end italic> cited
+in Forster, ii. 142.]--
+
+Figure that, spoken from amid the dark sick whirlpools, the mortal
+quicksands, in Friedrich Wilhelm's voice, clangorously plaintive;
+what a wild sincerity, almost pathos, is in it; and whether
+Fritzchen, with his eyes all bewept even for what Papa had
+suffered in that matter, felt lively gratitudes to the House of
+Austria at this moment!--
+
+It was four months after, "21st January, 1735," [Fassmann,
+p. 533.] when the King first got back to Berlin, to enlighten the
+eyes of the Carnival a little, as his wont had been. The crisis of
+his Majesty's illness is over, present danger gone; and the
+Carnival people, not without some real gladness, though probably
+with less than they pretend, can report him well again. Which is
+far from being the fact, if they knew it. Friedrich Wilhelm is on
+his feet again; but he never more was well. Nor has he forgotten
+that word at Priort, "like the turning of a dagger in one's
+heart;"--and indeed gets himself continually reminded of it by
+practical commentaries from the Vienna Quarter.
+
+In April, Prince Lichtenstein arrives on Embassy with three
+requests or demands from Vienna: "1. That, besides the Ten
+Thousand due by Treaty, his Majesty would send his Reich's
+Contingent," NOT comprehended in those Ten Thousand, thinks the
+Kaiser. "2. That he would have the goodness to dismiss Marquis de
+la Chetardie the French Ambassador, as a plainly superfluous
+person at a well-affected German Court in present circumstances;"
+--person excessively dangerous, should the present Majesty die,
+Crown-Prince being so fond of that Chetardie. "3. That his
+Prussian Majesty do give up the false Polish Majesty Stanislaus,
+and no longer harbor him in East Preussen or elsewhere." The whole
+of which demands his Prussian Majesty refuses; the latter two
+especially, as something notably high on the Kaiser's part, or on
+any mortal's, to a free Sovereign and Gentleman. Prince
+Lichtenstein is eloquent, conciliatory; but it avails not.
+He has to go home empty-handed;--manages to leave with Herr von
+Suhm, who took care of it for us, that Anecdote of the Crown-
+Prince's behavior under cannon-shot from Philipsburg last year;
+and does nothing else recordable, in Berlin.
+
+The Crown-Prince's hopes were set, with all eagerness, on getting
+to the Rhine-Campaign next ensuing; nor did the King refuse, for a
+long while, but still less did he consent; and in the end there
+came nothing of it. From an early period of the year, Friedrich
+Wilhelm sees too well what kind of campaigning the Kaiser will now
+make; at a certain Wedding-dinner where his Majesty was,--
+precisely a fortnight after his Majesty's arrival in Berlin,--
+Seckendorf Junior has got, by eavesdropping, this utterance of his
+Majesty's: "The Kaiser has not a groschen of money. His Army in
+Lombardy is gone to twenty-four thousand men, will have to retire
+into the Mountains. Next campaign [just coming], he will lose
+Mantua and the Tyrol. God's righteous judgment it is: a War like
+this! Comes of flinging old principles overboard,--of meddling in
+business that was none of yours;" and more, of a plangent alarming
+nature. [Forster, ii. 144 (and DATE it from <italic> Militair-
+Lexikon, <end italic> ii. 54).]
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm sends back his Ten Thousand, according to
+contract; sends, over and above, a beautiful stock of "copper
+pontoons" to help the Imperial Majesty in that River Country, says
+Fassmann;--sends also a supernumerary Troop of Hussars, who are
+worth mentioning, "Six-score horse of Hussar type," under one
+Captain Ziethen, a taciturn, much-enduring, much-observing man,
+whom we shall see again: these are to be diligently helpful, as is
+natural; but they are also, for their own behoof, to be diligently
+observant, and learn the Austrian Hussar methods, which his
+Majesty last year saw to be much superior. Nobody that knows
+Ziethen doubts but he learnt; Hussar-Colonel Baronay, his Austrian
+teacher here, became too well convinced of it when they met on a
+future occasion. [<italic> Life of Ziethen <end italic> (veridical
+but inexact, by the Frau von Blumenthal, a kinswoman of his;
+English Translation, very ill printed, Berlin, 1803), p. 54.]
+All this his Majesty did for the ensuing campaign: but as to the
+Crown-Prince's going thither, after repeated requests on his part,
+it is at last signified to him, deep in the season, that it cannot
+be: "Won't answer for a Crown-Prince to be sharer in such a
+Campaign;--be patient, my good Fritzchen, I will find other work
+for thee." [Friedrich's Letter, 5th September, 1735; Friedrich
+Wilhelm's Answer next day (<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, xxvii.
+part 3d, 93-95).] Fritzchen is sent into Preussen, to do the
+Reviewings and Inspections there; Papa not being able for them
+this season; and strict manifold Inspection, in those parts, being
+more than usually necessary, owing to the Russian-Polish troubles.
+On this errand, which is clearly a promotion, though in present
+circumstances not a welcome one for the Crown-Prince, he sets out
+without delay; and passes there the equinoctial and autumnal
+season, in a much more useful way than he could have done in the
+Rhine-Campaign.
+
+In the Rhine-Moselle Country and elsewhere the poor Kaiser does
+exert himself to make a Campaign of it; but without the least
+success. Having not a groschen of money, how could he succeed?
+Noailles, as foreseen, manoeuvres him, hitch after hitch, out of
+Italy; French are greatly superior, more especially when Montemar,
+having once got Carlos crowned in Naples and put secure, comes to
+assist the French; Kaiser has to lean for shelter on the Tyrol
+Alps, as predicted. Italy, all but some sieging of strong-places,
+may be considered as lost for the present.
+
+Nor on the Rhine did things go better. Old Eugene, "the shadow of
+himself," had no more effect this year than last: nor, though Lacy
+and Ten Thousand Russians came as allies, Poland being all settled
+now, could the least good be done. Reich's Feldmarschall Karl
+Alexander of Wurtemberg did "burn a Magazine" (probably of hay
+among better provender) by his bomb-shells, on one occasion.
+Also the Prussian Ten Thousand--Old Dessauer leading them, General
+Roder having fallen ill--burnt something: an Islet in the Rhine,
+if I recollect, "Islet of Larch near Bingen," where the French
+had a post; which and whom the Old Dessauer burnt away. And then
+Seckendorf, at the head of thirty thousand, he, after long delays,
+marched to Trarbach in the interior Moselle Country; and got into
+some explosive sputter of battle with Belleisle, one afternoon,--
+some say, rather beating Belleisle; but a good judge says, it was
+a mutual flurry and terror they threw one another into.
+[<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> i. 168.] Seckendorf
+meant to try again on the morrow: but there came an estafette that
+night: "Preliminaries signed (Vienna, 3d October, 1735);--try no
+farther!" ["Cessation is to be, 5th November for Germany, 15th for
+Italy; Preliminaries" were, Vienna, "3d October," 1735 (Scholl,
+ii. 945).] And this was the second Rhine-Campaign, and the end of
+the Kaiser's French War. The Sea-Powers, steadily refusing money,
+diligently run about, offering terms of arbitration; and the
+Kaiser, beaten at every point, and reduced to his last groschen,
+is obliged to comply. He will have a pretty bill to pay for his
+Polish-Election frolic, were the settlement done! Fleury is
+pacific, full of bland candor to the Sea-Powers; the Kaiser, after
+long higgling upon articles, will have to accept the bill.
+
+The Crown-Prince, meanwhile, has a successful journey into
+Preussen; sees new interesting scenes, Salzburg Emigrants, exiled
+Polish Majesties; inspects the soldiering, the schooling, the tax-
+gathering, the domain-farming, with a perspicacity, a dexterity
+and completeness that much pleases Papa. Fractions of the Reports
+sent home exist for us: let the reader take a glance of one only;
+the first of the series; dated MARIENWERDER (just across the
+Weichsel, fairly out of Polish Preussen and into our own), 27th
+September, 1735, and addressed to the "Most All-gracious King and
+Father;"--abridged for the reader's behoof:--
+
+... "In Polish Preussen, lately the Seat of War, things look
+hideously waste; one sees nothing but women and a few children;
+it is said the people are mostly running away,"--owing to the
+Russian-Polish procedures there, in consequence of the blessed
+Election they have had. King August, whom your Majesty is not in
+love with, has prevailed at this rate of expense. King Stanislaus,
+protected by your Majesty in spite of Kaisers and Czarinas, waits
+in Konigsberg, till the Peace, now supposed to be coming, say what
+is to become of him: once in Konigsberg, I shall have the pleasure
+to see him. "A detachment of five-and-twenty Saxon Dragoons of the
+Regiment Arnstedt, marching towards Dantzig, met me: their horses
+were in tolerable case; but some are piebald, some sorrel, and
+some brown among them," which will be shocking to your Majesty,
+"and the people did not look well." ...
+
+"Got hither to Marienwerder, last night: have inspected the two
+Companies which are here, that is to say, Lieutenant-Col. Meier's
+and Rittmeister Haus's. In very good trim, both of them;
+and though neither the men nor their horses are of extraordinary
+size, they are handsome well-drilled fellows, and a fine set of
+stiff-built horses (GEDRUNGENEN PFERDEN). The fellows sit them
+like pictures (REITEN WIE DIE PUPPEN; I saw them do their
+wheelings. Meier has some fine recruits; in particular two;"--nor
+has the Rittmeister been wanting in that respect. "Young horses"
+too are coming well on, sleek of skin. In short, all is right on
+the military side. [<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic>
+xxvii. part 3d, p. 97.]
+
+Civil business, too, of all kinds, the Crown-Prince looked into,
+with a sharp intelligent eye;--gave praise, gave censure in the
+right place; put various things on a straight footing, which were
+awry when he found them. In fact, it is Papa's second self;
+looks into the bottom of all things quite as Papa would have done,
+and is fatal to mendacities, practical or vocal, wherever he meets
+them. What a joy to Papa: "Here, after all, is one that can
+replace me, in case of accident. This Apprentice of mine, after
+all, he has fairly learned the Art; and will continue it when I
+am gone!"--
+
+Yes, your Majesty, it is a Prince-Royal wise to recognize your
+Majesty's rough wisdom, on all manner of points; will not be a
+Devil's-FRIEND, I think, any more than your Majesty was. Here
+truly are rare talents; like your Majesty and unlike;-- and has a
+steady swiftness in him, as of an eagle, over and above!
+Such powers of practical judgment, of skilful action, are rare in
+one's twenty-third year. And still rarer, have readers noted what
+a power of holding his peace this young man has? Fruit of his
+sufferings, of the hard life he has had. Most important power;
+under which all other useful ones will more and more ripen for
+him. This Prince already knows his own mind, on a good many
+points; privately, amid the world's vague clamor jargoning round
+him to no purpose, he is capable of having HIS mind made up into
+definite Yes and No,--so as will surprise us one day.
+
+Friedrich Wilhelm, we perceive, [His Letter, 24th October, 1735.
+(Ib. p. 99).] was in a high degree content with this performance
+of the Prussian Mission: a very great comfort to his sick mind, in
+those months and afterwards. Here are talents, here are qualities,
+--visibly the Friedrich-Wilhelm stuff throughout, but cast in an
+infinitely improved type:--what a blessing we did not cut off that
+young Head, at the Kaiser's dictation, in former years!--
+
+At Konigsberg, as we learn in a dim indirect manner, the Crown-
+Prince sees King Stanislaus twice or thrice,--not formally, lest
+there be political offence taken, but incidentally at the houses
+of third-parties;--and is much pleased with the old gentleman;
+who is of cultivated good-natured ways, and has surely many
+curious things, from Charles XII. downwards, to tell a young man.
+[Came 8th October, went 21st (<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end
+italic> xxvii. part 3d, p. 98).] Stanislaus has abundance of
+useless refugee Polish Magnates about him, with their useless
+crowds of servants, and no money in pocket; Konigsberg all on
+flutter, with their draperies and them, "like a little Warsaw:"
+so that Stanislaus's big French pension, moderate Prussian monthly
+allowance, and all resources, are inadequate; and, in fact, in the
+end, these Magnates had to vanish, many of them, without settling
+their accounts in Konigsberg. [<italic>History of Stanislaus.
+<end italic>] For the present they wait here, Stanislaus and they,
+till Fleury and the Kaiser, shaking the urn of doom in abstruse
+treaty after battle, decide what is to become of them.
+
+Friedrich returned to Dantzig: saw that famous City, and late
+scene of War; tracing with lively interest the footsteps of
+Munnich and his Siege operations,--some of which are much blamed
+by judges, and by this young Soldier among the rest. There is a
+pretty Letter of his from Dantzig, turning mainly on those points.
+Letter written to his young Brother-in-law, Karl of Brunswick, who
+is now become Duke there; Grandfather and Father both dead;
+[Grandfather, 1st March, 1735; Father (who lost the <italic> Lines
+of Ettlingen <end italic> lately in our sight), 3d September,
+1735. Supra, vol. vi. p. 372.] and has just been blessed with an
+Heir, to boot. Congratulation on the birth of this Heir is the
+formal purport of the Letter, though it runs ever and anon into a
+military strain. Here are some sentences in a condensed form:--
+
+"DANTZIG, 26th OCTOBER, 1735. ... Thank my dear Sister for her
+services. I am charmed that she has made you papa with so good a
+grace. I fear you won't stop there; but will go on peopling the
+world"--one knows not to what extent--"with your amiable race.
+Would have written sooner; but I am just returning from the depths
+of the barbarous Countries; and having been charged with
+innumerable commissions which I did not understand too well, had
+no good possibility to think or to write.
+
+"I have viewed all the Russian labors in these parts; have had the
+assault on the Hagelsberg narrated to me; been on the grounds;--
+and own I had a better opinion of Marshal Munnich than to think
+him capable of so distracted an enterprise. [<italic> OEuvres de
+Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part 2d, p. 31. Pressed for time,
+and in want of battering-cannon, he attempted to seize this
+Hagelsberg, one of the outlying defences of Dantzig, by nocturnal
+storm; lost two thousand men; and retired, WITHOUT doing "what was
+flatly impossible," thinks the Crown-Prince. See Mannstein,
+pp. 77-79, for an account of it.] ... Adieu, my dear Brother.
+My compliments to the amiable young Mother. Tell her, I beg you,
+that her proof-essays are masterpieces (COUPS D'ESSAI SONT DES
+COUPS DE MAITRE)." ...
+
+"Your most," &c.,
+
+"FREDERIC."
+
+The Brunswick Masterpiece, achieved on this occasion, grew to be a
+man and Duke, famous enough in the Newspapers in time coming:
+Champagne, 1792; Jena, 1806; George IV.'s Queen Caroline;
+these and other distracted phenomena (pretty much blotting out the
+earlier better sort) still keep him hanging painfully in men's
+memory. From his birth, now in this Prussian Journey of our Crown-
+Prince, to his death-stroke on the Field of Jena, what a seventy-
+one years!--
+
+Fleury and the Kaiser, though it is long before the signature and
+last finish can take place, are come to terms of settlement, at
+the Crown-Prince's return; and it is known, in political circles,
+what the Kaiser's Polish-Election damages will probably amount to.
+Here are, in substance, the only conditions that could be got
+for him:--
+
+"1. Baby Carlos, crowned in Naples, cannot be pulled out again:
+Naples, the Two Sicilies, are gone without return. That is the
+first loss; please Heaven it be the worst! On the other hand, Baby
+Carlos will, as some faint compensation, surrender to your
+Imperial Majesty his Parma and Piacenza apanages; and you shall
+get back your Lombardy,--all but a scantling which we fling to the
+Sardinian Majesty; who is a good deal huffed, having had
+possession of the Milanese these two years past, in terms of his
+bargain with Fleury. Pacific Fleury says to him: 'Bargain cannot
+be kept, your Majesty; please to quit the Milanese again, and put
+up with this scantling.'
+
+"2. The Crown of Poland, August III. has got it, by Russian
+bombardings and other measures: Crown shall stay with August,--all
+the rather as there would be no dispossessing him, at this stage.
+He was your Imperial Majesty's Candidate; let him be the winner
+there, for your Imperial Majesty's comfort.
+
+"3. And then as to poor Stanislaus? Well, let Stanislaus be
+Titular Majesty of Poland for life;--which indeed will do little
+for him:--but in addition, we propose, That, the Dukedom of
+Lorraine being now in our hands, Majesty Stanislaus have the
+life-rent of Lorraine to subsist upon; and--and that Lorraine fall
+to us of France on his decease!--'Lorraine?' exclaim the Kaiser,
+and the Reich, and the Kaiser's intended Son-in-law Franz Duke of
+Lorraine. There is indeed a loss and a disgrace; a heavy item in
+the Election damages!
+
+"4. As to Duke Franz, there is a remedy. The old Duke of Florence,
+last of the Medici, is about to die childless: let the now Duke of
+Lorraine, your Imperial Majesty's intended Son-in-law, have
+Florence instead.--And so it had to be settled. 'Lorraine?
+To Stanislaus, to France?' exclaimed the poor Kaiser, still more
+the poor Reich, and poor Duke Franz. This was the bitterest cut of
+all; but there was no getting past it. This too had to be allowed,
+this item for the Election breakages in Poland. And so France,
+after nibbling for several centuries, swallows Lorraine whole.
+Duke Franz attempted to stand out; remonstrated much, with Kaiser
+and Hofrath, at Vienna, on this unheard-of proposal: but they told
+him it was irremediable; told him at last (one Bartenstein, a
+famed Aulic Official, told him), 'No Lorraine, no Archduchess,
+your Serenity!'--and Franz had to comply, Lorraine is gone;
+cunning Fleury has swallowed it whole. 'That was what he meant in
+picking this quarrel.!' said Teutschland mournfully. Fleury was
+very pacific, candid in aspect to the Sea-Powers and others;
+and did not crow afflictively, did not say what he had meant.
+
+"5. One immense consolation for the Kaiser, if for no other, is:
+France guarantees the Pragmatic Sanction,--though with very great
+difficulty; spending a couple of years, chiefly on this latter
+point as was thought. [Treaty on it not signed till 18th November,
+1738 (Scholl, ii. 246).] How it kept said guarantee, will be seen
+in the sequel."
+
+And these were the damages the poor Kaiser had to pay for meddling
+in Polish Elections;--for galloping thither in chase of his
+Shadows. No such account of broken windows was ever presented to a
+man before. This may be considered as the consummation of the
+Kaiser's Shadow-Hunt; or at least its igniting and exploding
+point. His Duel with the Termagant has at last ended; in total
+defeat to him on every point. Shadow-Hunt does not end; though it
+is now mostly vanished; exploded in fire. Shadow-Hunt is now gone
+all to Pragmatic Sanction, as it were: that now is the one thing
+left in Nature for a Kaiser; and that he will love, and chase, as
+the summary of all things. From this point he steadily goes down,
+and at a rapid rate;--getting into disastrous Turk Wars, with as
+little preparation for War or Fact as a life-long Hunt of SHADOWS
+presupposes; Eugene gone from him, and nothing but Seckendorfs to
+manage for him;--and sinks to a low pitch indeed. We will leave
+him here; shall hope to see but little more of him.
+
+In the Summer of 1736, in consequence of these arrangements,--
+which were completed so far, though difficulties on Pragmatic
+Sanction and other points retarded the final signature for many
+months longer,--the Titular Majesty Stanislaus girt himself
+together for departure towards his new Dominion or Life-rent;
+quitted Konigsberg; traversed Prussian Poland, safe this time,
+"under escort of Lieutenant-General von Katte [our poor Katte of
+Custrin's Father] and fifty cuirassiers;" reached Berlin in the
+middle of May, under flowerier aspects than usual. He travelled
+under the title of "Count" Something, and alighted at the French
+Ambassador's in Berlin: but Friedrich Wilhelm treated him like a
+real Majesty, almost like a real Brother; had him over to the
+Palace; rushed out to meet him there, I forget how many steps
+beyond the proper limits; and was hospitality itself and
+munificence itself;--and, in fact, that night and all the other
+nights, "they smoked above thirty pipes together," for one item.
+May 21st, 1736, [Forster (i. 227), following loose Pollnitz
+(ii. 478), dates it 1735: a more considerable error, if looked
+into, than is usual in Herr Forster; who is not an ill-informed
+nor inexact man;--though, alas, in respect of method (that is to
+say, want of visible method, indication, or human arrangement),
+probably the most confused of all the Germans!] Ex-Majesty
+Stanislaus went on his way again; towards France,--towards Meudon,
+a quiet Royal House in France,--till Luneville, Nanci, and their
+Lorraine Palaces are quite ready. There, in these latter, he at
+length does find resting-place, poor innocent insipid mortal,
+after such tossings to and fro: and M. de Voltaire, and others of
+mark, having sometimes enlivened the insipid Court there, Titular
+King Stanislaus has still a kind of remembrance among mankind.
+
+Of his Prussian Majesty we said that, though the Berlin
+populations reported him well again, it was not so. The truth is,
+his Majesty was never well again. From this point, age only forty-
+seven, he continues broken in bodily constitution; clogged more
+and more with physical impediments; and his History, personal and
+political withal, is as that of an old man, finishing his day.
+To the last he pulls steadily, neglecting no business, suffering
+nothing to go wrong. Building operations go on at Berlin;
+pushed more than ever, in these years, by the rigorous Derschau,
+who has got that in charge. No man of money or rank in Berlin but
+Derschau is upon him, with heavier and heavier compulsion to
+build: which is felt to be tyrannous; and occasions an ever-
+deepening grumble among the moneyed classes. At Potsdam his
+Majesty himself is the Builder; and gives the Houses away to
+persons of merit. [Pollnitz, ii. 469.]
+
+Nor is the Army less an object, perhaps almost more. Nay, at one
+time, old Kur-Pfalz being reckoned in a dying condition, Friedrich
+Wilhelm is about ranking his men, prepared to fight for his rights
+in Julich and Berg; Kaiser having openly gone over, and joined
+with France against his Majesty in that matter. However, the old
+Kur-Pfalz did not die, and there came nothing of fight in
+Friedrich Wilhelm's time. But his History, on the political side,
+is henceforth mainly a commentary to him on that "word" he heard
+in Priort, "which was as if you had turned a dagger in my heart!"
+With the Kaiser he has fallen out: there arise unfriendly passages
+between them, sometimes sarcastic on Friedrich Wilhelm's part, in
+reference to this very War now ended. Thus, when complaint rose
+about the Prussian misbehaviors on their late marches
+(misbehaviors notable in Countries where their recruiting
+operations had been troubled), the Kaiser took a high severe tone,
+not assuaging, rather aggravating the matter; and, for his own
+share, winded up by a strict prohibition of Prussian recruiting in
+any and every part of the Imperial Dominions. Which Friedrich
+Wilhelm took extremely ill. This is from a letter of his to the
+Crown-Prince, and after the first gust of wrath had spent itself:
+"It is a clear disadvantage, this prohibition of recruiting in the
+Kaiser's Countries. That is our thanks for the Ten Thousand men
+sent him, and for all the deference I have shown the Kaiser at all
+times; and by this you may see that it would be of no use if one
+even sacrificed oneself to him. So long as they need us, they
+continue to flatter; but no sooner is the strait thought to be
+over, and help not wanted, than they pull off the mask, and have
+not the least acknowledgment. The considerations that will occur
+to you on this matter may put it in your power to be prepared
+against similar occasions in time coming." [6th February, 1736:
+<italic> OEuvres de Frederic, <end italic> xxvii. part 3d,
+p. 102.]
+
+Thus, again, in regard to the winter-quarters of the Ziethen
+Hussars. Prussian Majesty, we recollect, had sent a Supernumerary
+Squadron to the last Campaign on the Rhine. They were learning
+their business, Friedrich Wilhelm knew; but also were fighting for
+the Kaiser,--that was what the Kaiser knew about them. Somewhat to
+his surprise, in the course of next year, Friedrich Wilhelm
+received, from the Vienna War-Office, a little Bill of 10,284
+florins (1,028 pounds 8 shillings) charged to him for the winter-
+quarters of these Hussars. He at once paid the little Bill, with
+only this observation: "Heartily glad that I can help the Imperial
+AERARIUM with that 1,028 pounds 8 shillings. With the sincerest
+wishes for hundred-thousandfold increase to it in said AERARIUM;
+otherwise it won't go very far!" [Letter to Seckendorf (SENIOR):
+Forster, ii. 150.]
+
+At a later period, in the course of his disastrous Turk War, the
+Kaiser, famishing for money, set about borrowing a million gulden
+(l00,000 pounds) from the Banking House Splittgerber and Daun at
+Berlin. Splittgerber and Daun had not the money, could not raise
+it: "Advance us that sum, in their name, your Majesty," proposes
+the Vienna Court: "There shall be three-per-cent bonus, interest
+six per cent, and security beyond all question!" To which fine
+offer his Majesty answers, addressing Seckendorf Junior: "Touching
+the proposal of my giving the Bankers Splittgerber and Daun a
+lift, with a million gulden, to assist in that loan of theirs,--
+said proposal, as I am not a merchant accustomed to deal in
+profits and percentages, cannot in that form take effect. Out of
+old friendship, however, I am, on TheirO Imperial Majesty's
+request, extremely ready to pay down, once and away (A FOND
+PERDU), a couple of million gulden, provided the Imperial Majesty
+will grant me the conditions known to your Uncle [FULFILMENT of
+that now oldish Julich-and-Berg promise, namely!] which are FAIR.
+In such case the thing shall be rapidly completed!" [Forster, ii.
+151 (without DATE there).]
+
+In a word, Friedrich Wilhelm falls out with the Kaiser more and
+more; experiences more and more what a Kaiser this has been
+towards him. Queen Sophie has fallen silent in the History Books;
+both the Majesties may look remorsefully, but perhaps best in
+silence, over the breakages and wrecks this Kaiser has brought
+upon them. Friedrich Wilhelm does not meanly hate the Kaiser:
+good man, he sometimes pities him; sometimes, we perceive, has a
+touch of authentic contempt for him. But his thoughts, in that
+quarter, premature old age aggravating them, are generally of a
+tragic nature, not to be spoken without tears; and the tears have
+a flash at the bottom of them, when he looks round on Fritz and
+says, "There is one, though, that will avenge me!" Friedrich
+Wilhelm, to the last a broad strong phenomenon, keeps wending
+downward, homeward, from this point; the Kaiser too, we perceive,
+is rapidly consummating his enormous Spectre-Hunts and Duels with
+Termagants, and before long will be at rest. We have well-nigh
+done with both these Majesties.
+
+The Crown-Prince, by his judicious obedient procedures in these
+Four Years at Ruppin, at a distance from Papa, has, as it were,
+completed his APPRENTICESHIP; and, especially by this last
+Inspection-Journey into Preussen, may be said to have delivered
+his PROOF-ESSAY with a distinguished success. He is now out of his
+Apprenticeship; entitled to take up his Indentures, whenever need
+shall be. The rugged old Master cannot but declare him competent,
+qualified to try his own hand without supervision:--after all
+those unheard-of confusions, like to set the shop on fire at one
+time, it is a blessedly successful Apprenticeship! Let him now,
+theoretically at least, in the realms of Art, Literature,
+Spiritual Improvement, do his WANDERJAHRE, over at Reinsberg,
+still in the old region,--still well apart from Papa, who agrees
+best NOT in immediate contact;--and be happy in the new
+Domesticities, and larger opportunities, provided for him there;
+till a certain time come, which none of us are in haste for.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Etext History of Friedrich II of Prussia V 9
+
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