diff options
Diffstat (limited to '21220.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 21220.txt | 3611 |
1 files changed, 3611 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/21220.txt b/21220.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c6540f --- /dev/null +++ b/21220.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3611 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 180, April 9, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 180, April 9, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 27, 2007 [EBook #21220] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A Benoy +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + ++--------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Transcriber's Note: Italicized words, phrases, etc. are | +| surrounded by _underline characters_. Greek transliterations | +| are surrounded by ~tildes~. Hebrew transliterations appear | +| like ¤this¤.| Diacritical marks over characters are | +| bracketed: [=x] indicates a macron over the letter, [(x] | +| indicates a breve. Archaic spellings have been retained. | ++--------------------------------------------------------------+ + + +{349} +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"WHEN FOUND, MAKE A NOTE OF."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 180.] +SATURDAY, APRIL, 9. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Rigby Correspondence 349 + Isthmus of Darien 351 + Notes on several misunderstood Words 352 + + FOLK LORE:--Drills presaging Death--Beltane in + Devonshire--Touching for King's Evil 353 + Gaffer or Gammer, &c., by Thos. Keightley 354 + + MINOR NOTES:--Search for MSS.--Clifton of Normanton + --The Three per Cent. Consols 354 + +QUERIES:-- + Wolves nursing Children, by Gilbert N. Smith 355 + "The Luneburg Table"--Queen Elizabeth's Love of + Pearls 355 + + MINOR QUERIES:--St. Dominic--"Will" and "shall" + --Sir John Fleming--Deal, how to stain--Irish + Characters on the Stage--Arms on King Robert + Bruce's Coffin-plate--Chaucer's Prophetic View of + the Crystal Palace--Magistrates wearing their Hats in + Court--Derby Municipal Seal--Sir Josias Bodley-- + Sir Edwin Sadler--The Cross given by Richard I. to + the Patriarch of Antioch--Lister Family--Family of + Abrahall, Eborall, or Ebrall--Eulenspiegel: Murner's + Visit to England--Aged 116--Annuellarius 356 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Boyer's "Great + Theatre of Honour and Nobility"--List of Bishops of + Norwich--"A Letter to a Convocation Man"-- + Nicholas Thane--Churchwardens, Qualification of-- + Sir John Powell--S. N.'s "Antidote," &c.--Beads 358 + +REPLIES:-- + Broad Arrow 360 + English Comedians in the Netherlands 360 + The Sweet Singers 361 + Edmund Spenser 362 + Lamech killing Cain, by Francis Crossley, &c. 362 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Photographic + Notes--On some Difficulties in Photographic Practice + --Mr. Weld Taylor's cheap Iodizing Process 363 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Somersetshire Ballad-- + Family of De Thurnham--Major. General Lambert-- + Loggerheads--Grafts and the Parent Tree--The + Lisle Family--The Dodo in Ceylon--Thomas Watson, + Bishop of St. David's, 1687 to 1699--Etymology of Fuss + --Palindromical Lines--Nugget--Hibernis ipsis Hiberniores + --The Passame Sares (mel. Passamezzo) + Galliard--Swedish Words current in England--Gotch + --Passage in Thomson: "Steaming"--The Word + "Party"--Curious Fact in Natural Philosophy--Lowbell + --Life and Correspondence of S. T. Coleridge-- + Coniger, &c.--Cupid Crying--Westminster Assembly + of Divines, &c. 364 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 369 + Books and Odd volumes wanted 370 + Notices to Correspondents 370 + Advertisements 371 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +RIGBY CORRESPONDENCE. + + [We are enabled, by the kindness of their possessor, to lay + before our readers copies of the following characteristic + letters from the well-known Richard Rigby, Esq., who was for so + many years the leader of the Bedford party in the House of + Commons. They were addressed to Robert Fitzgerald, Esq., a + member of the House of Commons in Ireland, and Judge of the + Court of Admiralty in that country.] + +_Mr. Rigby to Mr. R. Fitzgerald._ + + Woburn Abbey, Wednesday, 11th Dec., 1765. + + Dear little Bob, + +I am impatient to know if you had resolution enough to attend his +Excellency last Sunday, as I advised, and if you had, what was the +result of the audience.... + +I arrived here last night, and find the Duke and Duchess, Marquis and +Marchioness, all in perfect health. With my love to the Provost[1], tell +him the chancellorship answers the intention to the utmost of his +desire: we are wonderfully pleased with it. Tell him also that I do not +find the defalcation amongst our friends to be as was represented in +Dublin. Stanley is not, but has refused to be, ambassador to Berlin; +Lord North is not, but has refused to be, vice-treasurer. The parliament +meets on Tuesday: the ministers of the House of Commons, who are to be +rechose, can get nobody who is in Parliament to read the king's speech +for them at the Cockpit the night before. They, I believe, are in a +damned dilemma: how much that makes for us time must show. Cooper is +bribed to be Secretary of the Treasury, by 500l. a-year for his life, +upon the 4-1/2 per cents, in the Leeward Islands, the same that Pitt's +pension is upon. He remains for the present, however, at Bath. Calcraft +will run Cooper hard at Rochester, against both Admiralty and Treasury. +Wish Col. Draper joy for me of his red riband: he will have it next week +with Mitchell, who returns to the {350} King of Prussia. The poor young +prince cannot live. I have time for no more. + + Adieu, yours ever, + R. R. +I expect to hear fully from you very shortly. + + * * * + + St. James's Place, 1st Feb., 1766. + + Dear little Bob, + +Though you are a little villain for never sending me a word of news from +Sir Lucius Pery, Flood, Lucas, and the rest of the friends to your +enslaved country, yet I will inform you that yesterday, in the House of +Commons, upon a question of no moment, only for fixing a day for the +hearing a contested election, the ministry were run within 11: the +numbers 137 and 148. Twenty rats in the Speaker's chamber, and in all +the cupboards in the neighbourhood. Monday next is the day for deciding +the American question; and do not be surprised if there is an end of the +present ministry in less than a week. As soon as I know who are to be +their successors, you shall hear from me again. + +If you are in want of such another patriot to second Lucas, Pitt is at +your service. He seems likely to want a place. + + Yours ever, + R. R. + + * * * + + St. James's Place, 14th Nov., 1766. + + Dear little Bob, + +I have not wrote to you this age, nor have I anything very pleasant to +say to you now. Our Parliament is met in a very acquiescing disposition. +The Opposition is sickly, and my great friend, who would naturally give +it most strength and energy, is tired of it as much as he is of the +Court. Lord Chatham seems, by all that has yet appeared, to have adopted +all Grenville's plan of pacific measures; and as he formerly told us he +had borrowed a majority, he seems now to have borrowed a system. The +world has it, that we are joined to the ministry, and, as matters stand, +I wish there was more truth in that report than there is; but I have not +the smallest expectation of a place, I assure you. Tell this or not, as +you like. The Duke of Bedford says he sees no ground to oppose upon: he +disapproves of mere factious opposition; that no good can arise from +such conduct either to ourselves or the public. + +I have been at the House only the first day, nor do I know when I shall +go again. I cannot stomach giving my silent approbation to Conway's +measures, be they good or bad. In this damned situation of affairs you +will not expect I should write long letters; but I could not avoid +giving you a hint to let you know the true state of things. Adieu, my +dear friend. + + Yours ever, + R. R. + + * * * + + St. James's Place, 2nd May, 1767. + + Dear Bob, + +The East India business is in a way of being settled,--400,000l. to be +paid by the company for three years, and no addition of term to be given +for their charter. It remains for the General Court of Proprietors to +consent to this next Wednesday, which, if they do, the Parliament will +confirm it on Friday. We had some good warm talk upon it yesterday in +the House. Conway and Beckford and I sparred a good deal, and I am vain +enough to think I did not come off with the worst of it. Conway said, +_inter alia_, that Lord Chatham's health was too bad to have any +communication of business. The world seems to agree that he is mad, and +his resignation is talked of,--God knows with what truth. The American +business is next Tuesday. I do not see much prospect of a junction +taking place where I have been labouring for it. We remain upon civil +terms with each other, and no more.... + +My heart's love to all friends in Dublin: tell them it is every day more +and more my opinion that this Lieutenant never means to set his foot in +that kingdom, and I have good reasons for what I say. + +Adieu, my dear little fellow. + + I am ever yours, + R. R. + + * * * + + St. James's Place, 30th May, 1767. + + Dear Fitz, + +I have received your several letters, and am much obliged to you for +them. I wish I could send you something real in the political way, as +you call it, in return; but there is as little reality as stability in +our politics. Dyson has carried his persecuting bill against the East +India Company through the House of Commons, in spite of the Secretary of +State and Chancellor of the Exchequer, both of whom helped us to make up +a miserable minority of 84 against 151. Charles went at one o'clock in +the morning, when the House was up, to dinner with a set of our friends, +at Sir Lau. Dundass's, and there talked a big language of resigning the +seals the next day. The next day came, and we rallied the majority upon +this state of independence with great success, both Charles himself, +Wedderburn, and I; and he invited himself, Charles I mean, to dine with +us again that day at Lord Gower's. Again the same language of +resignation; but the spirit has subsided since, and we hear no more of +it. If Conway and he will take such usage, the Court will certainly let +them keep their places; for where can it find better tools? The East +India Company pursue the bill, with the council and evidence, to the +House of Lords, where matters run much nearer; for on the same day we +were so beat in the House of Commons, Lord Gower's motions in the House +of Lords, touching America, were rejected only by a majority of {351} +three, two of which were the king's brothers. The Duke of York was +absent. If we should succeed in that House, so as to reject this bill, +possibly the ministry may break to pieces; otherwise I rather think it +will hobble lamely on, through the summer, with universal discontent +attending it. Chatham is certainly as ill as ever; and, notwithstanding +all reports to the contrary, Lord Holland has not been sent to by the +Court. He is arrived at his house in Kent, and comes, but of his own +accord, to town to the birthday. On that day, the clerks, Watts, and I +go down to Lynch's for five or six days: I wish you was of the party. It +would have been very kind indeed in Mr. Harvey, the six-clerk, to have +tipped so soon. Your Lord Lieutenant says he is to go. God help the poor +man if he does. I am sorry for your account of the disorders in the +college. I do not like anything that may throw reflexion on Andrews, and +I will press him to come homewards. Adieu, my dear Bob. + + Most faithfully yours, + R. R. + + * * * + + Pay Office, 2nd May, 1769. + + Dear Bob, + +After I wrote to you last Saturday morning, I went to the House, where I +found a petition presented from fifteen tailors or tinkers, freeholders +of Middlesex, against Lutterell. The opposition wanted a call of the +House for Wednesday fortnight. We insisted on hearing it next Monday, +and divided 94 against 49. This business retards the prorogation till +this day or to-morrow se'nnight: but we are adjourned till Monday; so +nothing but hearing this nonsense remains. Wilkes' stock falls very fast +every day, and upon this measure there was such difference of opinion +amongst his friends, that Sawbridge and Townsend would not attend on +Saturday. Serjeant Whitacre has desired to be Lutterell's counsel +gratis, in order to deliver his opinion at the bar of the House on the +legality of Lutterell's seat; and says he shall insist, if the House +should be of opinion that Lutterell is not duly elected, that he himself +is, as having been next upon the poll of those who were capable of +receiving votes. + +No news yet of your secretary. Some people are impatient to hear his +report of the state of parties, and their several dispositions to +support government, on your side the water. He must certainly be a most +competent judge, after so long a residence there, and after such open +and frank discourse as every man there would naturally hold with him +upon critical matters. Some better judges than him, lately arrived from +Ireland, make no scruple in declaring there will be a majority of forty +against the Castle at the opening the session. Adieu, my dear little +Bob: my love to the Provost. + + Yours ever, + R. R. + +P.S.--I shall get the Journals of the House of Commons for you +certainly. + + * * * + + Lawford, Saturday Evening, 4th Nov., 1769. + + Dear little Bob, + +It would be ungrateful in the present company here not to take some +notice of you, just as they had finished the last bottle of an excellent +hogshead of Burgundy, which you sent into my cellar, I believe, seven +years ago. What has come since we will avoid mentioning. A few bottles, +however, of the former were reserved for the divine Charlotte, and she, +and Caswell, and I have this day finished them; and the last glass went +off to your health. Sister Charlotte wishes you public and private +happiness during this bustling winter, and hopes that you are not +determined to forsake the English part of your family for ever. I +received your letter of the 24th here two days ago, and should most +undoubtedly desire you to send me your votes, if I had not already +engaged my old friend at the Secretary's office to do it; but I beg +early intelligence of your parliamentary proceedings, about which I am +very anxious. I do not believe there is the smallest foundation for +believing that Junius is Wedderburn. I had, a few days ago, great reason +to guess at the real Junius: but my intelligence was certainly false; +for sending to inquire in a more particular manner, I discovered the +person hinted at to be dead. He was an obscure man; and so will the real +Junius turn out to be, depend upon it. Are Shannon and Ponsonby and +Lanesborough still stout against Augmentation? or must the friends to +the measure form a plan that they like themselves? A letter from Colonel +Hall, of the 20th regiment, this evening, informs me that General Harvey +is come from Ireland, and is very impatient to see me: if his business +is to consult me upon the utility of this military plan, I am already +fully convinced of it: but nobody knows less than I do how to get it +through your House of Commons,--I only hope by any means rather than a +message from the king. Perhaps the measure is taken, and I am writing +treason against the understanding of our own ministers. God forbid! but +I do not approve of letting down the dignity and power of the chief +governors of Ireland lower than they are already fallen, to quarrel with +a mountebank at a custard feast. Adieu, my dear little fellow. + + Yours ever, most sincerely, + R. R. + + [Footnote 1: T. Andrews, Provost of Trin. Col., Dublin.] + + * * * * * + + +ISTHMUS OF DARIEN. + +As public attention is now much directed to the canal across the Isthmus +of Darien, one end of which is proposed to communicate with the harbour +which was the site of the ill-fated attempt {352} at colonisation by +the Scotch about 150 years ago, the subjoined extract, giving an account +of that harbour, by (apparently) one of the Scotch colonists, may be +interesting to your readers. It is taken from a paper printed in +_Miscellanea Curiosa_, vol. iii. p. 413., 2nd edit., entitled "Part of a +Journal kept from Scotland to New Caledonia in Darien, with a short +Account of that Country, communicated [to the Royal Society] by Dr. +Wallace, F.R.S.": + + "The 4th [November] we came into the great harbour of Caledonia. + It is a most excellent one; for it is about a league in length + from N.W. to S.E. It is about half a mile broad at the mouth, + and in some places a mile and more farther in. It is large + enough to contain 500 sail of ships. The greatest part of it is + landlocked, so that it is safe, and cannot be touched by any + wind that can blow the harbour; and the sea makes the land that + lies between them a peninsula. There is a point of the peninsula + at the mouth of the harbour that may be fortified against a + navy. This point secures the harbour, so that no ship can enter + but must be within reach of their guns. It likewise defends half + of the peninsula; for no guns from the other side of the harbour + can touch it, and no ship carrying guns dare enter for the + breastwork at the point. The other side of the peninsula is + either a precipice, or defended against ships by shoals and + breaches, so that there remains only the narrow neck that is + naturally fortified; and if thirty leagues of a wilderness will + not do that, it may be artificially fortified in twenty ways. In + short, it may be made impregnable; and there are bounds enough + within it, if it were all cultivated, to afford 10,000 hogsheads + of sugar every year. The soil is rich, the air good and + temperate; the water is sweet, and every thing contributes to + make it healthful and convenient." + + C. T. W. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS. + +_Mechal_ is from the mint of Thomas Heywood; but, like many other words +of the same stamp, it continued a private token of the party who issued +it, and never, as far as I am aware, became current coin. Four times, at +least, it occurs in his works; and always in that sense only which its +etymon indicates, to wit, "adulterous." In his "Challenge for Beauty:" + + "... her own tongue + Hath publish'd her a _mechall_ prostitute." + Dilke's _Old English Plays_, vol. vi. p. 421. + +In his "Rape of Lucrece:" + + "... that done, straight murder + One of thy basest grooms, and lay you both + Grasp'd arm in arm in thy adulterate bed, + Men call in witness of that _mechall_ sin." + _Old English Drama_, vol. i. p. 71. + +--where the editor's note is--"probably derived from the French word +_mechant_, wicked." In his "English Traveller:" + + "... Yet whore you may; + And that's no breach of any vow to heaven: + Pollute the nuptial bed with _michall_ sin." + Dilke's _Old English Plays_, vol. i. p. 161. + +This misprint the editor corrects to _mickle_: professing, however, as +he well might, distrust of his amendment. Nares discards Dilke's guess, +and says, "If a right reading, it must be derived from _mich_, truant, +adulterous." Whereby to correct one error he commits another, assigning +to _mich_ a sense that it never bears. If haply any doubt should remain +as to what the true reading in the above passage is, a reference to +Heywood's _Various History concerninge Women_ will at once assoil it. In +that part of his fourth book which treats of adulteresses (p. 195.), +reciting the very story on which his play was founded, and calling it "a +moderne historie lately happening, and in mine owne knowledge," he +continues his narrative thus: + + "With this purpose, stealing, softly vp the stayres, and + listening at the doore, before hee would presume to knocke, hee + might heare a soft whispering, which sometimes growing lowder, + hee might plainely distinguish two voyces (hers, and that + gentleman's his supposed friend, whom the maide had before + nominated), where hee might euidently vnderstand more than + protestations passe betwixt them, namely, the _mechall_ sinne + itselfe." + +Mr. Halliwell, in his compilation of _Archaic and Provincial Words_, +gives _Mechall_, wicked, adulterous, with a note of admiration at +Dilke's conjecture; and a reference to Nares, in v. _Michall_. Mr. H. +neither adduces any authority for his first sense, "wicked," nor can +adduce one. + +_To lowt_, to mock or contemn. A verb of very common occurrence, but, as +might be expected, quite unknown to the commentators on Shakspeare, +though its meaning was guessed from the context. As it would be tedious +and unnecessary to write all the instances that occur, let the following +suffice: + + "To the holy bloud of Hayles, + With your fyngers and nayles, + All that ye may scratche and wynne; + Yet it woulde not be seen, + Except you were shryven, + And clene from all deadly synne. + There, were we flocked, + _Lowted_ and mocked; + For, now, it is knownen to be + But the bloud of a ducke, + That long did sucke + The thrifte, from every degre." + + "The Fantassie of Idolatrie," Foxe's _Acts and + Monuments_, vol. v. p. 406. (Cattley's edition.) + + "Pride is it, to vaunt princely robes, not princely virtues. + Pride is it to _lowte_ men of lower sort or pore {353} lasers, + as is some men's guise."--_The Third Booke of Nobilitye_; writte + in Latine by Laurence Humfrey, late Englished, 1563. + + "Among serving men also, above all other, what wicked and + detestable oaths are there heard! If there be any of that sort + which fear God, and love his word, and therefore abstain from + vain oaths, how doth his company _lout_ him! Look what an ass is + among a sort of apes, even the very same is he among his + fellows."--_The Invective against Swearing_, p. 361.; Works of + Thomas Becon (Parker Society). + +Samson was accounted of the Philistines for a fool, but he would rather +die than suffer that opprobry unrevenged (Judic. xvi.). + + "David was _lowted_ of Michol Saul's daughter, but she was made + therefore barren all her life."--2 Reg. vi. + +And same page, a little _above_: + + "He that calleth his brother fool, that is to say, contemn him, + mock him, or, as men call it now-a-days, _lowting_ of a man, + committeth such murder as is worthy hell-fire and eternal + damnation."--_A Declaration of the Ten Commandments_, ch. ix. p. + 373.; Early Writings of Bishop Hooper (Parker Society). + + "Renowned Talbot doth expect my ayde, And I am _lowted_ by a + traitor villaine And cannot help the noble Cheualier." + + The First Part of _Henry VI._, Actus Quartus, Scena Prima (First + Folio Shakspeare). + +Where I would note, by the way, that in three copies of the folio 1632, +now by me, it is printed "_at_ traitor," although two of these folios +have different title-pages; that which appears to be the later +impression bears under the portrait these words: "London, printed by +Thos. Cotes, for Robert Allot, and are to be sold _at his shop_ at the +signe of the Blacke Beare, in Paul's Church-yard, 1632." The other wants +the words "at his shop," as described in MR. COLLIER'S edition. + +The mention of MR. COLLIER'S name is a hint that reminds me to advertise +him of a mistake he lies under, in supposing that the Duke of +Devonshire's copy of the Play of _King Richard II._ in 4to., dated 1605, +is unique (_vid._ Collier's _Shakspeare_, vol. iv. p. 105., +Introduction); as there is another in the Philosophical Institute at +Hereford, presented by the late Edward Evans, Esq., of Eyton Hall, in +the same county. + +But to return. Mr. Halliwell, in his work above quoted, furnishes +another instance of the verb _lowt_, from Hall's _History of King Henry +IV._, which the reader may consult for himself. I will merely add, that +the interpretation there propounded is plausible but unsound, the +context only giving aim to his conjecture. + +(_To be continued._) + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + + +_Drills presaging Death._--In Norfolk, agricultural labourers generally +believe that if a drill go from one end of a field to the other without +depositing any seed--an accident which may result from the tubes and +coulters clogging with earth--some person connected with the farm will +die before the year expires, or before the crop then sown is reaped. It +is a useful superstition, as it causes much attention to be paid to make +the drill perform its work correctly. Still it is remarkable that such a +superstition should have arisen, considering the recent introduction of +that machine into general use. I should be glad to learn from other +readers of "N. & Q." whether this belief prevails in other parts of +England where the drill is generally used. + + E. G. R. + + +_Beltane in Devonshire._--Seeing that the ancient superstition of the +Beltane fire is still preserved in Scotland, and is lighted on the 1st +of May, the origin of which is supposed to be an annual sacrifice to +Baal, I am induced to state that a custom, evidently derived from the +same source, is, or was a few years since, annually observed in the wild +parts of Devonshire. At the village of Holne, situated on one of the +Spurs of Dartmoor, is a field of about two acres, the property of the +parish, and called the Ploy (_Play_) Field. In the centre of this stands +a granite pillar (Menhir) six or seven feet high. On May morning, before +daybreak, the young men of the village assemble there, and then proceed +to the Moor, where they select a ram lamb (doubtless with the consent of +the owner), and after running it down, bring it in triumph to the Ploy +Field, fasten it to the pillar, cut its throat, and then roast it whole, +skin, wool, &c. At midday a struggle takes place, at the risk of cut +hands, for a slice, it being supposed to confer luck for the ensuing +year on the fortunate devourer. As an act of gallantry, in high esteem +among the females, the young men sometimes fight their way through the +crowd to get a slice for their chosen amongst the young women, all of +whom, in their best dresses, attend the _Ram Feast_, as it is called. +Dancing, wrestling, and other games, assisted by copious libations of +cider during the afternoon, prolong the festivity till nightfall. + +The time, the place (looking east), the mystic pillar, and the ram, +surely bear some evidence in favour of the Ram Feast being a sacrifice +to Baal. + + AN OLD HOLNE CURATE. + + +_Touching for King's Evil._--The following passage bearing upon the +custom of touching for the King's Evil, and its antiquity, is extracted +from Laing's translation of Snorro Sturleson's _Heimskringla_. King Olaf +the Rich, afterwards Saint, had fled to Russia on being driven out of +his kingdom by {354} Knut the Great. Ingigerd, Queen of Russia, desired +a widow to take her son, who "had a sore boil upon his neck," to King +Olaf, "the best physician here, and beg him to lay his hands on thy +lad." The king was unwilling to do so, saying that he was not a +physician; but at last consented: + + "Then the king took the lad, laid his hands upon his neck, and + felt the boil for a long time, until the boy made a very wry + face. Then the king took a piece of bread, laid it in the figure + of the cross upon the palm of his hand, and put it into the + boy's mouth. He swallowed it down, and from that time all the + soreness left his neck, and in a few days he was quite well.... + Then first came Olaf into the repute of having as much healing + power in his hands as is ascribed to men who have been gifted by + nature with healing by the touch." + +Laing asks in a note: + + "Is the touching for the King's Evil ... connected with this + royal saint's healing by the touch?"--_The Heimskringla_, vol. + ii. p. 297., 8vo.: London, 1844. + + DE CAMERA. + + * * * * * + + +GAFFER OR GAMMER, ETC. + +These two venerable words were used by our ancestors. Every one has +heard of Gammer Gurton; Gaffer Gingerbread was also famous in, as well +as I can remember, a portion of the literature which amused my +childhood. In _Joseph Andrews_, Fielding styles the father of Pamela +"Gaffer Andrews:" and, for aught I know, the word may be still in use in +Wilts and Somerset. + +Unde derivantur _Gaffer_ and _Gammer_? Lye said they were _quasi_ +good-father and good-mother; Somner, that they were the Anglo-Saxon +_Gefaeder_ and _Gemeder_, i. e. godfather and godmother; Webster derives +the former from the Hebrew _geber_, man, the latter from the +Scandinavian _gamel_, old. Having a fondness for simplicity, I go less +learnedly to work. I have observed little children, when commencing to +speak, to say "ganpa" and "gamma" for grandpapa and grandmamma: whence I +conjecture that, in the olden time, ere we had Pa's and Ma's, the little +aspirants used to say "ganfa'er" and "gamma'er," which easily became +_Gaffer_ and _Gammer_. I am confirmed in this view by a friend to whom I +mentioned it, and who told me that his own children always called his +father _gaffer_, a word entirely of their own formation. + +There is a term now coming a little into use, which is I believe of pure +Irish origin, namely, _old fogie_. Indeed, I have heard it used rather +disrespectfully of those mature old warriors, whom it pleases the wisdom +of our government to send out in the command of our fleets and armies. +The word, as I said, is of Irish, or rather of Dublin birth. The _old +fogies_ are the inmates of the Royal or Old Men's Hospital, the Irish +Chelsea. I think, then, that it must be plain to every one that the term +is nothing more than a good-humoured corruption or diminutive of _old +folks_. + +This leads me to the simple origin of a word which seems to have posed +all our etymologists--it has done so to Richardson at least--namely, +"PETTIFOGGER, a low, tricky attorney." According to my view, +_pettifogger_ is neither more nor less than _pettifolker_, i. e. one +whose practice lies among the _petty folk_, small tradesmen, +day-labourers, and such like. This derivation, too, has simplicity in +its favour. + + THOS. KEIGHTLEY. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR NOTES. + + +_Search for MSS._--A proposal was made some time ago in "N. & Q." by MR. +MACKENZIE, that some systematic effort should be made for the recovery +of ancient MSS. I have heard nothing more of it, but am sure that, if a +beginning were made, it would receive warm support from the friends of +literature. There is, however, a kindred search which can be prosecuted +nearer home, with more certain success and more important results. I +mean a continued search among the numerous MSS. in which so much of our +unknown history is buried. Might not a systematic examination of these +be instituted, with the help of the "division of labour" principle, so +that important portions of the great mass should be accurately described +and indexed, valuable papers abridged for publication, and thus given to +the world entire? Much is being done, no doubt, here and there; but +surely much more would be accomplished by united and systematised +labour. How much light might be thrown on a given period of our history +by such a study of all the records, correspondence, &c. relating to it. +Is there none of our existing societies within whose scope such an +undertaking would fall, or might not different societies unite for the +purpose? The books, of course, should be sold to the public. I leave the +hint to the judgment of your readers. + + ELSNO. + + +_Clifton of Normanton._--Following the excellent example of DR. TODD, of +Trin. Coll. Dublin, I send you from the fly-leaves of an old English +Bible (C. Barker, London, 1599, small 4to.), for the information of any +one connected, some of the particulars inscribed on the leaves, relating +to-- + + "Thomas Clifton of Normanton, in the county of Darby, who had + issue by his first wife three sonnes and four daughters; and by + his second wife, two sonnes and one daughter." + +The names of his wives are not mentioned. The details of births, +marriages, and deaths extend from 1586 to 1671, and some of the branches +of {355} the family went to Rotterdam and Amsterdam, and +Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Zachary Clifton was at the Universities of Utrecht +and Leyden (at which latter university "hee co[=m]enct M'r. of Arts, +March 5, 1654"), and in 1659 was ordained minister of the gospel at +Wisborough Green in Sussex. Many other particulars are given. The Bible +is in the library of Sir Robert Taylor's Institution, Oxford, and is in +excellent preservation, having been recently carefully repaired. + + J. M. + +Oxford. + + +_The Three per Cent. Consols._--In Jerdan's _Autobiography_, vol. iii., +published in 1852, we read this anecdote: + + "At a City dinner, so political that the three Consuls of France + were drunk, the toast-master, quite unacquainted with Bonaparte, + Cambaceres, and Lebrun, hallooed out from behind the chair, + 'Gentlemen, fill bumpers! The chairman gives the Three per Cent. + Consols!'" + +In _Merrie England in the Olden Time_, vol. ii. p. 70. (published ten +years before), will be found the following note: + + "This eminent professor (toast-master Toole), whose sobriquet is + 'Lungs,' having to shout the health of the 'three present + Consuls,' at my Lord Mayor's feast, proclaimed the health of the + 'Three per Cent. Consols!'" + +The _latter_ version is the _correct_ one. It was the three foreign +Consuls who were present among this annual gathering of grandees that +was given; not Bonaparte, Cambaceres, and Lebrun. The after-dinner organ +of Toole might easily, on hearing the toast, mistake "present" for "per +cent.," and "Consuls" (in the City, too) for "Consols." + + A SUBSCRIBER. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + + +WOLVES NURSING CHILDREN. + +At the meeting of the Cambrian Archaeological Society, Lord Cawdor in the +chair, I read a letter on this subject from the resident at Lucknow, +Colonel Sleeman, to whom India is indebted for the suppression of +Thuggee, and other widely extended benefits. Though backed by such good +authority, the letter in question was received with considerable +incredulity, although Colonel Sleeman represents that he has with him +one of these wolf-nurtured youths. + +Since reading the letter, I have received from the Colonel's brother a +more full account, printed in India, and containing additional cases, +which I should have no objection to print in the pages of "N. & Q." In +the meantime, further information from Indian experience, where mothers +so often expose their children, would be thankfully received. + +I appended my letter, for want of a better opportunity, and at the +request of several members, to a paper on the doctrine of the Myth, read +at the time; observing, that if the account is credible, perhaps Niebuhr +may have been precipitate in treating the nurture of the founders of +Rome as fabulous, and consigning to the Myth facts of infrequent +occurrence. There is both danger and the want of philosophy in rejecting +the marvellous, merely as such. + +Nor is the invention of Lupa, for the name of the mother of the Roman +twins, by any means satisfactory. May not the mysteries of Lycanthropy +have had their origin in such a not infrequent fact, if Col. Sleeman may +be trusted, as the rearing of infants by wolves? + + GILBERT N. SMITH. + +The Rectory, Tregwynfrid, Tenby, S. W. + + * * * * * + + +"THE LUNEBURG TABLE."--QUEEN ELIZABETH'S LOVE OF PEARLS. + +In the _Travels_ of Hentzner, who resided some time in England in the +reign of Elizabeth, as tutor to a young German nobleman, there is given +(as most of your readers will doubtless remember) a very interesting +account of the "Maiden Queen," and the court which she then maintained +at "the royal palace of Greenwich." After noticing the appearance of the +presence-chamber,--"the floor, after the English fashion, strewed with +hay,"--the writer gives a descriptive portrait of her Majesty. He +states,-- + + "Next came the Queen, in her sixty-fifth year, as we were told, + very majestic; her face oblong, fair, but wrinkled; her eyes + small, but black and pleasant; her nose a little hooked; her + lips narrow, and her teeth black (a defect the English seem + subject to, from their too great use of sugar). She had in her + ears two _pearls_, with very rich drops.[2] She wore false hair, + and that red." + +{356} +Then comes the passage to which I beg to call especial attention, +and on which I have to invite some information: + + "Upon her head a small crown, _reported to be made of some of + the gold of the celebrated Luneburg table_." + +What was this table? The work from which I quote (_Recollections of +Royalty_, vol. ii. p. 119.) has a note hereon, merely remarking that, +"at this distance of time, it is difficult to say what this was." If, +anything, however, can be gleaned on the subject, some of the readers of +"N. & Q." in some one of the "five _quarters_" of the world will +assuredly be able to answer this Query. + + J. J. S. + +Middle Temple. + +P.S.--Since the above was written, I find that Elizabeth's christening +gift from the Duchess of Norfolk was a cup of gold, fretted with +_pearls_; that noble lady being (says Miss Strickland) "completely +unconscious of the chemical antipathy between the acidity of wine and +the misplaced pearls." Elizabeth seems thus to have been rich in those +gems from her infancy upwards, and to have retained a passionate taste +for them long after their appropriateness as ornaments for her had +ceased. + + [Footnote 2: With respect to the rich pearl earrings above + mentioned, it may not be uninteresting to remark, that Elizabeth + seems to have been particularly fond of pearls, and to have + possessed the same taste for them from youth to even a later + period than "her sixty-fifth year." The now faded wax-work + effigy preserved in Westminster Abbey (and which lay on her + coffin, arrayed in royal robes, at her funeral, and caused, as + Stowe states, "such a general sighing, groaning, and weeping, as + the like hath not being seen or known in the memory of man") + exhibits large round Roman _pearls_ in the stomacher; a carcanet + of large round _pearls_, &c. about her throat; her neck + ornamented with long strings of _pearls_; her high-heeled + shoe-bows having in the centre large _pearl_ medallions. Her + earrings are circular _pearl_ and ruby medallions, with large + pear-shaped _pearl_ pendants. This, of course, represents her as + she dressed towards the close of her life. In the Tollemache + collection at Ham House is a miniature of her, however, when + about twenty, which shows the same taste as existing at that + age. She is here depicted in a black dress, trimmed with a + double row of _pearls_. Her point-lace ruffles are looped with + _pearls_, &c. Her head-dress is decorated in front with a jewel + set with _pearls_, from which three pear-shaped _pearls_ depend. + And, finally, she has large _pearl_-tassel earrings. In the + Henham Hall portrait (engraved in vol. vii. of Miss Strickland's + _Lives of the Queens of England_), the ruff is confined by a + collar of _pearls_, rubies, &c., set in a gold filagree pattern, + with large pear shaped _pearls_ depending from each lozenge. The + sleeves are ornamented with rouleaus, wreathed with _pearls_ and + bullion. The lappets of her head-dress also are adorned at every + "crossing" with a large round _pearl_. Her gloves, moreover, + were always of white kid, richly embroidered with _pearls_, &c. + on the backs of the hands. A poet of that day asserts even that, + at the funeral procession, when the royal corpse was rowed from + Richmond, to lie in state at Whitehall,-- + + "Fish wept their eyes of _pearl_ quite out, + And swam blind after," + + doubtless intending, most loyally, to provide the departed + sovereign with a fresh and posthumous supply of her favorite + gems!] + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + + +_St. Dominic._--Was St. Dominic, the founder of the Dominican order, a +descendant of the noble family of the Guzmans? Machiavelli wrote a +treatise to prove it; but in the _Biographie Universelle_ it is stated +(I know not on what authority) that Cardinal Lambertini, afterwards +Benedict XIV., having summoned that lawyer to produce the originals, +Machiavelli deferred, and refused at last to obey the order: and +further, that Cuper the Bollandist wrote on the same subject to some +learned men at Bologna, who replied that the pieces cited in +Machiavelli's dissertation had been forged by him, and written in the +old style by a modern hand. + + A BOOKWORM. + + +_"Will" and "shall."_--Can you refer me to any grammar, or other work, +containing a clear and definite rule for the distinctive use of these +auxiliaries? and does not a clever contributor to "N. & Q." make a +mistake on this point at Vol. vi., p. 58., 1st col., 16th line? + + W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + + +_Sir John Fleming._--What was the coat of arms borne by Sir John +Fleming, or Le Fleming, of St. George's Castle, co. Glamorgan, A.D. +1100? Where is it to be found sculptured or figured? And does any modern +family of the name of Fleming, or Le Fleming, claim descent from the +above? + + CARET. + + +_Deal, how to stain._--I should be much obliged if some one of your +correspondents would inform me what is the best composition for giving +plain deal the appearance of oak for the purpose of church interiors? + + C. + +Winton. + + +_Irish Characters on the Stage._--Could any of your correspondents +inform me of the names of any old plays (besides those of Shadwell) in +which Irishmen are introduced? and which of the older dramatists have +enrolled this character among their _dramatis personae_? Was Shakspeare +an Irishman? + + PHILOBIBLION. + + +_Arms on King Robert Bruce's Coffin-plate._--Can any of your heraldic +readers give me any information as to whom the arms found on King Robert +Bruce's coffin-plate in 1818 belonged? They are a cross inter four +mullets pierced of the field. They are not the arms given in Nisbet to +the families of Bruce; neither does Sir. Wm. Jardine, in his report to +the Lords of the Exchequer on the finding of the king's tomb, take any +notice of them further than to mention their discovery. + + ALEXANDER CARTE. + + +_Chaucer's Prophetic View of the Crystal Palace_ (Vol. iii., p. 362.).-- + + "Chaucer it seems drew continually, through Lydgate and Caxton, + from Guido di Colonna, whose Latin _Romance of the Trojan War_ + was, in turn, a compilation from Dares, Phrygius, Ovid, and + Statius. Then Petrarch, Boccacio, and the Provencal poets, are + his benefactors; the _Romaunt of the Rose_ is only judicious + {357} translation from William of Lorris and John of Meun; + _Troilus and Creseide_, from Lollius of Urbino; _The Cock and + the Fox_, from the Lais of Marie; _The House of Fame, from the + French or Italian_: and poor Gower he uses as if he were only a + brick-kiln or stone quarry, out of which to build his + house."--_Representative Men; Shakspeare or the Poet_, by R. W. + Emerson. + +From what sources in the French or Italian is "The House of Fame" taken? +And ought not an attack on Chaucer's claim to be the original author of +that beautiful poetical vision to be grounded, especially by an +American, on some better evidence than bare assertion? + + AN OXFORD B. C. L. + + +_Magistrates wearing Hats in Court._--What authority is there for +magistrates wearing their hats in a court of justice, and is it an old +custom? + + PARVUS HOMO. + +West Chillington, Hurst, Sussex. + + +_Derby Municipal Seal._--What is the origin and meaning of the "buck in +the park," on the seal now in use at the Town Hall, Derby?* + + B. L. + + [* Edmondson gives the arms, as painted in the Town Hall, as + "Ar. on a mount vert, a _stag_ lodged within park-pales and + gate, all proper. The seal, which is very ancient, has not any + park-pales; and the stag is there represented as lodged in a + wood."--ED.] + +_Sir Josias Bodley._--Was Sir Josias Bodley, as stated by Harris in +Ware's _Writers of Ireland_, a younger brother of Sir Thomas Bodley, the +founder of the Bodleian Library? Who did Sir Josias Bodley marry; where +did he live after his employment in Ireland ceased, and where did he +die? Any information relating to him and his descendants will be most +gratefully received. + + Y. L. + + +_Sir Edwin Sadler._--In the Appendix to the _Cambridge University +Commission Report_, p. 468., we find that nothing is known of Sir E. +Sadler, the husband of Dame Mary Sadler, foundress of the "Algibrae" +Lectures in that university. Can any of your correspondents throw any +light on this? + + P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + + +_The Cross given by Richard I. to the Patriarch of Antioch._--The "hero +of Acre," Sir Sidney Smith, received from the hands of the Archbishop of +Cyprus, in the name of a grateful people, a cross of which the tradition +was, that it had been given by King Richard Coeur de Lion to the +Patriarch of Antioch, when he went to Palestine on the third Croisade. +This gift was preserved by Sir Sidney with the care due to a relique so +venerable in its associations; and it was bequeathed by him to the +Convent of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, at Paris, as successors +of the Templars, from whose Order it originally came. He directed that +it should be worn by the grand masters in perpetuity. In the +biographical memoirs of Sir Sidney Smith, published a few years ago, the +cross is stated to be preserved in the house of the Order at Paris. +Perhaps some member of the Order residing there would take the trouble +to give some description of this interesting relique, and would say +whether its style and character are consistent with the tradition of its +antiquity? I am not at all acquainted with the evidence on which the +tradition rests; but any particulars relating to such a relique must be +interesting to the countrymen of the illustrious admiral, and would much +oblige his godson, + + WM. SIDNEY GIBSON. + +Newcastle-on-Tyne. + +P.S.--_Apropos_ of Sir Sydney Smith, may I be allowed to suggest that, +in the decoration of _The St. Jean d'Acre_, recently launched, some +personal _souvenir_ might be introduced that would visibly connect his +memory with the stately vessel whose name commemorates the scene of his +greatest victory. + + +_Lister Family._--In a communication relating to Major-General Lambert +(Vol. vii, p. 269.), LORD BRAYBROOKE mentions his marriage with Frances, +daughter of Sir William Lister, of Thornton in Craven. I imagine that +this lady was sister to Sir Martin Lister, physician to King Charles I., +of whose (Sir Martin's) descendants I shall be glad of any information. + +Sir Martin Lister married Susanna, daughter of Sir Alexander Temple, +widow of Sir Gifford Thornhurst. This lady, by her first husband +(Thornhurst), had issue a daughter, who married Mr. Jennings, and became +the mother of three celebrated women; of whom one was Sarah, duchess of +Marlborough, wife of the great duke. + +Had Sir Martin Lister any issue by her? and, if so, can their +descendants be traced? + +Mr. Lister, of Burwell Park, Lincolnshire, is probably descended from +Sir Martin (if he left issue), or is of kin to him, through Dr. Martin +Lister, physician to Queen Anne, who, if not a son or grandson, was +certainly his nephew. + +My mother's great-grandmother was a Lister, a daughter of Dr. Martin +Lister. + +Any information through the pages of "N. & Q." will be appreciated. + + R. B. A. + +Walthamstow, Essex. + + +_Family of Abrahall, Eborall, or Ebrall._--I shall be obliged if any of +your readers can give me some information relative to this family, or +refer me to any work containing an account of it, more particularly as +regards the first settlers in England. The arms are--Azure, three +hedgehogs or. + + QUAERIST. + + +_Eulenspiegel--Murner's Visit to England._--Are any of your +correspondents acquainted with the history and literature of the German +tales {358} which go under the name of _Till Eulenspiegel_? I am +searching to find out which are the English translations, but have only +succeeded to trace two. The oldest is a very curious black-letter volume +in small 4to. in the British Museum, C. 21. c/5, formerly in the +possession of Mr. Garrick, as appears from Bishop Percy ("Dissertation +on the Origin of the British Stage," _Reliques_, vol. i. p. 134., ed. +1812). It is entitled, "Here begynneth a merye Jest of a man that was +called Howleglas, and of many marucylous thinges and Jestes that he dyd +in his lyfe, in Eastlande and in many other places." Colophon: +"Imprynted at London in Tamestrete at the Vintre on the thre Craned +wharfe by Wylliam Copland." + +Of the second I have only a reference of the title: _The German Rogue, +or the Life of Till Eulenspiegel_, 1709. + +I am also anxious to learn whether there are any more notices about the +visit of Thomas Murner, the author of the German _Eulenspiegel_, in +England, besides that in a letter of Thomas More to Cardinal Wolsey in +the _State Papers_, vol. i. p. 125. + + ~alpha~. + + +_Aged 116._--When your correspondents were all in a state of excitement +about the old Countess of Desmond, I ventured to ask for proof that some +person had, within the age of registers, insurance offices, and legal +proof, ever lived to 150, or even to within twenty or thirty years of +that age. No answer was given, no such proof offered; all our clever +actuaries were silent. The newspapers now report one such mitigated +case: + + "_Singular Longevity._--The Irish papers announce the recent + death of Mrs. Mary Power, widow of J. Power, Esq., and aunt of + the late Right Hon. R. L. Sheil, at the Ursuline Convent, Cork, + at the advanced age of 116 years." + +If this story be true, there can be no difficulty in proving it. The +lady was not an obscure person, whose antecedents are unknown. Will some +one connected with the Ursuline Convent, or Mr. Sheil's family, +obligingly tell us where the lady was born, and produce the register of +her birth--give us, in brief, _legal_ evidence that she was born in the +year 1737. + + A. I. + + +_Annuellarius._--Can any of your numerous readers inform me what the +meaning of the word _annuellarius_ is? It occurs in a section of the +constitutions of one of our cathedral churches: + + "Item, quod nullus quicq' sit qui aliqui alii servit nisi tantum + Ep[=i] servus sit, in Vicarior' Choralium Annuellarior' vel + Choristarum numerum in Eccl[=i]a Cath. ... deinceps eligatur." + + P. S. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS. + + +_Boyer's "Great Theatre of Honour and Nobility,"_ 4to. London, 1729.--At +the end of the preface to this work, a copy of which is in my +possession, the following advertisement occurs: + + "Although this volume exceeds by one-fourth part the number of + sheets proposed for subscription, nevertheless it shall be + delivered to the subscribers without enhancing the price; and + their coats of arms shall be inserted in the second volume; as + well as theirs who shall purchase this, provided thay take care + to send them, with their blazon, to any one of the booksellers + named in the title-page." + +I want to know whether Boyer ever published this second volume; and +shall be much obliged to any correspondent of "N. & Q." who will +enlighten me on the subject. + + S. I. TUCKER. + + [Only the first volume has been published. According to the + original prospectus, now before us, the work was to have made + two volumes, divided into six parts. So that the volume of 1729, + consisting of three parts, is half of what Boyer originally + proposed to publish.] + + +_List of Bishops of Norwich._--Where can I find a list of the bishops of +Norwich, with their coats of arms, from an early date? + + CARET. + + [In Blomefield's _History of Norfolk_, edit. 1739, fol., vol. + ii. pp. 330-430.] + + +"_A Letter to a Convocation Man._"--Who, I am desirous of knowing, was +the author of _A Letter to a Convocation Man, concerning the Rights, +Powers, and Privileges of that Body_, published about 1697, which +occasioned Wake's book of _The Authority of Christian Princes over their +Ecclesiastical Synods asserted_? Atterbury says, in the Preface of his +_Rights, Powers, and Privileges of an English Convocation_: + + "If at least I were not prevented by some abler hand, particular + by the author of that letter which first gave rise to this + debate; and who, it was expected, would have appeared once more + upon it, and freed what he had advanced from all exceptions." + + W. FRASER. + + [According to the Bodleian Catalogue, it was written by Sir + Bartholomew Shower; but we have seen it attributed to William + Binkes, the Prolocutor to the Convocation of 1705.] + + +_Nicholas Thane._--Dr. Browne Willis, in his _History of the Town of +Buckingham_, published London, 1755, says (p. 49.): + + "About the year 1545, as we are told in the _Peerage of + England_, in the account of the Earl of Pomfret's family, his + ancestor Richard Fermour of Easton Neston in Northamptonshire, + Esq., had his estate seized on and taken away from him upon his + having incurred a _praemunire_, by relieving one Nicholas Thane, + an obnoxious Popish priest, who had been committed a close + prisoner to the gaol in the town of Buckingham." + +Can any of your readers inform me what crime or offence this "obnoxious +priest" had been guilty of, as to be committed a "close prisoner;" and +that {359} Richard Fermour, Esq., who had relieved him during his +incarceration, should, for this apparently simple act of charity, have +incurred a _praemunire_, for which he was subjected to so heavy a fine as +the forfeiture of his estate? I should be glad of any further +particulars respecting him, or to be referred to any work in which an +account of him is recorded; and also to be informed by whom the _Peerage +of England_, quoted by Dr. Willis, was compiled, when published, and +whether it contains a more copious account of this reprehensible +ecclesiastic. + + ARTHUR R. CARTER. + +Camden Town. + + [Richard Fermor was a merchant of the staple at Calais, and + having acquired a considerable fortune, located himself at + Easton Neston, co. Northampton. Being a zealous Romanist he + refused to conform to the Reformed faith, and thus rendered + himself obnoxious to the court; and being accused of + administering relief to Nicholas Thane, formerly his confessor, + who was then a prisoner in Buckingham Castle for denying the + supremacy of the king, he was committed to the Marshalsea in + July, 1540, and was afterwards arraigned in Westminster Hall, + though nothing could be proved against him, except that he had + sent 8d. and a couple of shirts to the imprisoned priest. He was + adjudged to have incurred a _praemunire_, whereby all his lands + and goods became forfeited, and the rapacious monarch enforced + the sentence with the most unrelenting severity. See Baker's + _Hist. of Northamptonshire_, vol. ii. p. 142.; Collins's + _Peerage_, edit. Brydges, vol. iv. p. 199.; and Lipscomb's + _Buckinghamshire_, vol. ii. p. 570.] + + +_Churchwardens, Qualification of._--Can any of your correspondents give +the title and price of any work which will define the qualifications +requisite for filling the office of churchwarden? The case on which the +question has arisen is that of a country parish divided into two +townships, each township naming a warden. One of these is a dissenter, +and seldom or never attends church; the other is said not to be a +householder. Both of these are, by many of the parishioners, considered +ineligible, owing to these circumstances. Should any one send the +required information, you would oblige by allowing it to appear in the +next Number of "N. & Q.," where it would be sure to be seen, and +thankfully acknowledged by + + B. B. F. F. T. T. + + [Our correspondent will find the required information in + Prideaux's _Churchwarden's Guide_, 5th edit. 1850, price 6s., + who has devoted sect. ii. "to the persons liable to be chosen to + the office of churchwarden, and the persons disqualified and + exempt from serving that office." (Pp. 4-17.) Consult also + Cripps's _Practical Treatise on the Law relating to the Church + and the Clergy_, 8vo. 1850, pp. 176-201., price 26s.] + + +_Sir John Powell._--In Vol. vii., p. 262., of "N. & Q." is an inquiry +respecting Sir John Powell, and an answer given, in which there must +surely be some mistake, or there must have been two Sir John Powells. + +I beg to give the following extract from Britton's _History and +Antiquities of the Abbey Church of Gloucester_: + + "A full-length marble statue, in judicial robes, erected by John + Snell, Esq., to the memory of his uncle, Judge Powell, who in + 1685 represented this city, his native place, in parliament. He + was successively a Justice of Common Pleas and the King's Bench, + and was one of the Judges who tried the seven Bishops, and + joined in the declaration against the King's dispensing power. + For this, James II. deprived him of his office, July 2, 1688; + but William III. created him, first a Baron of the Exchequer, + then a Judge in the Common Pleas, and on June 18, 1702, advanced + him to the King's Bench, where he sat till his death, June 14, + 1713." + +I will add, that on the floor near the above monument are inscribed the +names, &c., of various members of his family. + +Sir John Powell is traditionally said to have lived at an old house +called Wightfield in this county, which certainly belonged, at one time, +to the above John Snell, who had married the judge's niece, and from +whose descendants it was purchased by the grandfather of the present +possessor. + +Allow me to ask, by-the-bye, if the place, as spelt in your paper, +should not be Langharne, or more correctly still, Llangharne? + + F. S. + +Gloucestershire. + + [There were not only two, but three judges of the name of + Powell, who were cotemporaries, viz.-- + + 1. Sir John Powell, mentioned in "N. & Q." (Vol. vii., p. 262.), + whose burial-place should have been printed Llangharne, as our + correspondent suggests. He was made a Judge of the Common Pleas + on April 26, 1686, and a Judge of the King's Bench on April 16, + 1687. He was removed on June 29, 1688, on consequence of the + resolution he displayed on the trial of the seven bishops; but + was restored to the Bench, as a Judge of the Common Pleas, in + May, 1689, and continued to sit till his death in 1696. + + 2. Sir Thomas Powell became a Baron of the Exchequer on April + 22, 1687, and was transferred into the King's Bench in June, + 1688, to take the seat there left vacant by the removal of the + above Sir John Powell. He himself was removed in May, 1689. + + 3. Sir John Powell, or, as he was then called, John Powell, + junior, was made a Baron of the Exchequer on November 10, 1691, + removed into the Common Pleas on October 29, 1695, and into the + King's Bench in June, 1702, where he sat till his death in 1713. + He it was who was buried at Gloucester. + + Britton has evidently, as Chalmers and Noble had done before + him, commingled and confused the histories of the two Sir + Johns.] + + +_S. N.'s "Antidote," &c._--I have just purchased an old book, in small +quarto, of which the title is-- + + "An Antidote or Soveraigne Remedie against the pestiferous + Writings of all English Sectaries, and in {360} particular + against Dr. Whitaker, Dr. Fulke, Dr. Bilson, Dr. Reynolds, Dr. + Sparkes, and Dr. Field, the chiefe upholders, some of + Protestancy, some of Puritanisme; divided into three Parts, &c., + &c., &c. By S. N., doctour of divinity. Permissu superiorum, + MDCXV." + +Who is the author S. N., and what other particulars are known respecting +it? + + LEWIS KELLY. + +Leeds. + + [Sylvester Norris is the author. There is an edition published + in 1622, 4to.] + + +_Beads._--When was the use of beads, for the purpose of counting +prayers, first introduced into Europe? + + C. W. G. + + [For the repose of a bishop, by Wilfrid's _Canons of Cealcythe_, + A.D. 816, can. X., seven belts of paternosters were to be said; + the prayers being numbered probably by studs fixed on the girdle. + But St. Dominic invented the rosary, which contains ten lesser + beads representing Ave Marias, to one larger standing for a + paternoster.] + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + + +BROAD ARROW. + +(Vol. iv., p. 412.) + +With reference to my Note, ascribing a Celtic origin to this symbol, I +have just met with somewhat of a curious coincidence, to say the least +of it. In Richardson's _Travels in the Sahara, &c._, vol. i. p. 420., +speaking of the camel, he says: + + "The camels have all public and private marks, the former for + their country, the latter for their owner; and, strange enough, + the public mark of the Ghadames camel is the English broad R." + &c. [Arrow, he should have said.] + +Now, the Celtic [Symbol: Arrow pointing up] (as before mentioned) is +typical of superior holiness, &c. &c.; and it is singular that a city of +Marabouts (saints or holy men, such as the Ghadamsee are described to +be) should have adopted this symbol as their public (or government) +mark. The population of Ghadames is a strange medley of Arabs, +Touaricks, negroes, half-breeds of all kinds, &c., and whence their +claim to superior sanctity does not appear. + +That Celtic tribes once sojourned in Northern Africa is attested by +Druidical remains in Morocco and elsewhere. Mr. Richardson mentions the +frequent occurrence of pyramidal stones in the Sahara, incidentally, +without specifying whether they are rocks _in situ_, or supposed to be +the work of man's hand. The language of Ghadames is one of the Berber +dialects; and according to Mr. Urquhart (_Pillars of Hercules_, vol. i. +p. 383.), these, or some of them, are said to contain so much of the +Celtic element, that Highlanders from the garrison of Gibraltar, and the +natives about Tangier, can mutually understand each other. + +The above, however, are mere speculations; and I would suggest that, +previous to further research as to the origin of the broad arrow, it +would be as well to ascertain how long it has been used as "the King's +mark." I should incline to believe that the earliest mark upon +government stores was the royal cipher--ER (with a crown above) perhaps. +On old guns of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth, we find the rose and crown, +but no broad arrow; more frequently Elizabeth's bear her cipher. A few +articles I have seen of William III. are stamped with [Symbol: WR, no +space between letters] (with a crown above): no broad arrow. Nor do I +remember having ever seen it upon anything older than George III. This, +however, is a question which may interest some gentleman of the Ordnance +Department, and induce him to make research where success is most likely +to reward his trouble, viz. in the Tower, in the Royal Arsenal at +Woolwich, or amongst the ancient records in the Ordnance Office; for I +presume there be such. + +P. C. S. S. (Vol. iv., p. 371.) says that "he always understood" the +broad arrow represented the "Pheon" in the arms of the Sydney family; +but, as he quotes no authority, we are at liberty to doubt the adoption +and perpetuation of a bearing appertaining to any particular +master-general of ordnance as a "king's mark," howsoever illustrious or +distinguished he might be. + + A. C. M. + +Exeter + + * * * * * + + +ENGLISH COMEDIANS IN THE NETHERLANDS. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 184. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 21.; Vol. vii., p. 114.) + +Returning to this question, I will communicate a few extracts from the +Gerechtsdagboeken (Minutes of the Council) of the city of Leyden:-- + + _Sept. 30, 1604._--"Die van de Gerechte opt voorschryven van + Zyne Ex'e en versouc van Jan Woodtss, Engelsman, hebben + toegelaten ende geconsenteert dat hy geduyrende deze aenstaende + jaermarct met zyn behulp zal mogen speelen zeecker eerlick + camerspel tot vermaeckinge van der gemeente, mits van yder + persoen (comende om te bezien) nyet meer te mogen nemen nochte + genyeten dan twaelf penn., ende vooral betaelen tot een + gootspenning aen handen van Jacob van Noorde; bode metter roede, + vier guld. om ten behouve van de armen verstrect te worden." + + _Translation._ + + The magistrates, on the command of his Excellence, and on the + request of John Woodtss, an Englishman, have permitted and + consented that he, with his company, during the approaching + fair, may play certain decent pieces for the amusement of the + people, provided he take no more than twelve pennings from each + person coming to see, and, above all, pay to Jacob van Noorde + four guilders, to be applied to the use of the poor. + +{361} And again: + + _Jan. 6, 1605._--"Op't versouck aen die van de Gerechte gedaen + by de Engelsche Comedyanten om te mogen spelen: staet + geappostilleert. Die van de Gerechte deser stadt Leyden gesien + in haer vergaderinge opt Raedthuys der voors. stede, de + _favorable brieven_ van Recommandatie ende testimoniael vanden + _Forst_ van _Brandenburch_ van de X Augustij des + jaers XVI'c vier, mitsgaders t consent by Zyne Ex'ie van + _Nassau_ verleent den xxij Decembris laest verleden, Es + disponerende opt versouc int blanc van dezen, hebben voor zoo + veel in hem is, de Engelsche Commedianten ende musicyns toonders + in dezen, conform haer versouc toegelaten binnen deser stede te + mogen spelen en haer consten doen ouffenen ende vertoonen ter + gewoenlycke plaetse te weten opten groten hoff onder de + bibliotecque, dewelcke hem toonders mits dezen ten eynde + voorseyt, belast wert te werden ingeruymt, Ende dit al voor den + tyt van veertien dagen eerstcomende, en mits, voor den + jegenwoordige _gracieuse toelatinge_, gevende ten behouve van de + gemeene huysarmen dezer stede een somme van twaelf gulden van xl + groot tstuck. Aldus, gedaen opten vi January XVI'c e[=n] vyff. + My jegenwoordich en is get. J. van Hout." + + _Translation._ + + On the request to the magistrates of the English comedians to be + allowed to perform, was decided: The magistrates of this city of + Leyden, having seen in their assembly in the Town-House of the + aforesaid city, the favourable letters of recommendation and + testimonial of the Prince of Brandenberg of the 10th Aug., 1604, + as well as the consent granted by his Excellence of Nassau, the + 22nd of Dec. last, have permitted the English comedians and + musicians, according to their request, to perform and exercise + and exhibit their arts in the accustomed place, namely, in the + great court under the library; and this for the space of + fourteen days, provided they, for this _gracious_ permission, + give twelve guilders of forty groats a-piece to the poor of this + city. Done on the 6th Jan., 1605. Me present; and signed "J. van + Hout." + + ELSEVIER. + +Constanter has communicated the following lines of G. A. Brederode, +confirming the statements of Heywood and Tieck: + + "Ick mach soo langh oock by geen reden-ryckers zijn: + Want dit volckje wil steets met allen menschen gecken, + En sy kunnen als d'aep haer afterst niet bedecken; + Sy seggen op haer les, soo stemmigh en soo stijf, + Al waer gevoert, gevult met klap-hout al haer lijf! + Waren 't _de Engelsche_, of andere uytlandtsche + Die men hoort singen, en soo lustigh siet dantse + Dat sy suyse-bollen, en draeyen als een tol: + Sy spreken 't uyt eaer geest, dees leeren 't uyt een rol. + 't Isser weer na (seyd ick) als 't is, sey Eelhart schrander, + Dat verschil is te groot, besiet men 't een by 't ander! + D'uytheemsche die zijn wuft, dees raden tot het goedt, + En straffen alle het quaet bedecklelijck en soet." + + _Translation._ + + To stay with rhetoricians I've no mind: + The fool they'll play with men of every kind, + And, like the ape, exhibit what's behind. + With gests so stiff their lesson they repeat, + You'd swear with staves their bodies were replete! + Heard you the _men_ from merry _England_ sing? + Saw you their jolly dance, their lusty spring? + How like a top they spin, and twirl, and turn? + And from the heart they speak--ours from a roll must learn.... + --_From the Navorscher._ + + * * * * * + + +THE SWEET SINGERS. + +(Vol. v., p. 372.) + +A. N. asks for some historical notices of the above fanatics: as he may +not be satisfied with Timperley's meagre allusion, allow me to refer him +to the _Memoirs of the Lord Viscount Dundee_: London, 1714. The author +of this, "An Officer of the Army," speaking of the stiff-necked +Presbyterians, says: + + "At this time (1681), about thirty of these deluded people left + their families and business, and went to the hills, where they + lived in rocks and caves for some weeks. John Gib, sailor in + Borrowstowness, Walter Ker, in Trafritham, ---- Gemmison, in + Linlithgow, were their chief leaders. They called themselves the + _Sweet Singers_ of Israel, eat nothing that there was salt in or + paid tax to the king, blotted the name of king out of their + Bibles, and cohabited all together. When a party of dragoons + took them at the Ouffins, in Tweeddale, they were all lying on + their faces, and jumped up in a minute, and called out with an + audible voice, that God Almighty would consume the party with + fire from heaven, for troubling the people of God. On the road, + as they went to Edinburgh, when any of their relations or + acquaintances came to visit them, they spit at them, and threw + themselves on their faces, and bellowed like beasts, whereof his + Highness (the Duke of York, then in Scotland) being informed, + ordered them immediately to be set at liberty." + +A more detailed account of these Gibbites will be found in the curious +Presbyterian biographies "collected by, and printed for Patrick Walker, +in the Bristo-Port of Edinburgh," the early part of last century. In +that entitled "Some remarkable Passages in the Life, &c. of Mr. Daniel +Cargill:" 12mo. Edin. 1732, A. N. will find the original story of the +crazy skipper and his band of "three men and twenty-six women," whom +worthy Mr. Cargill endeavoured unsuccessfully to reclaim. From this it +would appear that the _sweet singers_ went far greater lengths than +above described, and that Gib, after the dispersion of his followers, +took himself off to America, "where," says the aforesaid Patrick, "he +was much admired by the blind {362} Indians for his familiar converse +with the devil." For the further information of your correspondent, I +would add that Walker's account of the Gibbites is very well condensed +in that more accessible book _Biographia Scoticana_, better known as the +_Scots Worthies_, where the deluded Gib figures under the head of "God's +Justice exemplified in his Judgments upon Persecutors." + + J. O. + + * * * * * + + +EDMUND SPENSER. + +(Vol. vii., p. 303.) + +Mr. F. F. Spenser published the results of his researches relative to +Spenser in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for August, 1842; and towards the +end of his communication promised to record "many further interesting +particulars," through the same medium, but failed to do so. Mr. Craik +has made special reference to Mr. F. F. Spenser's paper in a little work +upon which he must have bestowed a vast deal of labour, and which +contains the completest investigation of all that has been discovered +concerning the life, works, and descendants of the poet that I have met +with: I refer to _Spenser and his Poetry_: by George L. Craik, M.A.: 3 +vols. London, 1845. The appendix to vol. iii., devoted to an account of +the descendants of Spenser, among other interesting matter, contains the +history of the family descended from Sarah Spenser, a sister of Edmund +Spenser, which is still represented. To which I may add that Spenser's +own direct descendants are living in the city of Cork, and, I regret to +say, in reduced circumstances. This should not be. A pension might well +be bestowed on the descendants of Spenser, the only one of our four +great poets whose posterity is not extinct. + + J. M. B. + +Tunbridge Wells. + +I have read with much curiosity and surprise a paragraph engrafted into +"N. & Q." (Vol. vii., p. 33.) from _The Times_ newspaper, June 16, 1841, +announcing that a Mr. F. F. Spenser, of Halifax, had ascertained that +the ancient residence of his own family, at Hurstwood, near Burnley, +Lancashire, was the identical spot where the great Elizabethan poet, +Edmund Spenser, is said to have retired, when driven by academical +disappointments to his relations in the north of England. + +I confess all this appears to me very like a hoax, there is such a +weight of negative testimony against it. Dr. Whitaker, the learned +historian of Whalley, describes Hurstwood Hall as a strong and +well-built old house, bearing on its front, in large characters, the +name of "Barnard Townley," its founder, and that it was for several +descents the property and residence of a family branched out from the +parent stock of Townley, in the person of John Townley, third son of Sir +Richard Townley, of Townley--died Sept. 1562. His son, Barnard Townley, +died 1602, and married Agnes, daughter and coheiress of George Ormeroyd, +of Ormeroyd, who died 1586. + +It must be remembered that Hurstwood is in the immediate neighbourhood +of Dr. Whitaker's ancient patrimonial estate of Holme; and he must have +been familiar with all the traditionary history of that locality. Yet he +is silent on this subject, and does not allude either to the occasional +residence of the poet Spenser in those parts, or to the family of +Spensers, who are stated in this paragraph to have resided at Hurstwood +about four hundred years. + + CLIVIGEE. + + * * * * * + + +LAMECH KILLING CAIN. + +(Vol. vii., p. 305.) + +Sir John Maundeville says: + + "Also, seven miles from Nazareth is Mount Cain, under which is a + well; and beside that well Lamech, Noah's father, slew Cain with + an arrow. For this Cain went through briars and bushes, as a + wild beast; and he had lived from the time of Adam, his father, + unto the time of Noah; and so he lived nearly two thousand + years. And Lamech was blind for old age."--_Travels_, chap. x., + Bohn's _Early Travels in Palestine_, p. 186. + +To which is appended the following note by Mr. Thomas Wright, the +editor: + + "This legend arose out of an interpretation given to Gen. iv. + 23, 24. See, as an illustration, the scene in the _Coventry + Mysteries_, pp. 44. 46. + + ZEUS. + +J. W. M. will find this question discussed at length in the +_Dictionnaire de Bayle_, art. "Lamech," and more briefly in _Pol. +Synopsis Criticorum_, Gen. iv. 23. + +The subject has been engraved by Lasinio in his _Pitture a fresco del +Campo Santo di Pisa_ (tom. xvii.), after the original fresco by +Buonamico Buffalmacco, whose name is so familiar to readers of the +_Decameron_. + + F. C. B. + +Bayle relates this legend in his account of Lamech as follows: + + "There is a common tradition that Lamech, who had been a great + lover of hunting, continued the sport even when, by reason of + his great age, he was almost blind. He took with him his son, + Tubal-Cain, who not only served him as a guide, but also + directed him where and when he ought to shoot at the beast. One + day, as Cain was hid among the thickets, Lamech's guide seeing + something move in that place, gave him notice of it; whereupon + Lamech shot an arrow, and slew Cain. He was extremely concerned + at it, and beat his guide so much as to leave him dead upon the + place." + +One of the frescos of the Campo Santo at Pisa gives the whole subject, +from the offering of Abel's and Cain's sacrifice, to the death of the +young man {363} by the hand of Lamech, painted by Pietre da Orvieto +about 1390. In one corner of the fresco, Cain is depicted as a wild and +shaggy figure, crouched in a thicket, at which Lamech, at the suggestion +of his guide, shoots an arrow. Below, the homicide is represented as +murdering the cause of his error by blows on the head inflicted with his +bow. + + CHEVERELLS. + +The following note upon the name of Lamech may perhaps serve to throw a +little light upon the difficult passage in Genesis iv. 23, +24.--_Lamech_, in Celtic _Lamaich_, or _Laimaig_, means a slinger of +stones; and Lamech being dextrous in the use of that weapon the sling, +wantonly slew two young men, and boasted of the bloody deed to his two +wives, Adah and Zillah, blasphemously maintaining that as Cain for one +murder should be avenged sevenfold, so he, for his wanton act, would be +avenged seventy and seven fold upon whoever should slay him. It may be +considered strange that the name of Lamech should be Celtic, and that it +should signify a slinger; but I am strengthened in my opinion by +reference to the Hebrew alphabet, in which the letter _l_ is called +_lamed_; but why it is so named the Hebrews cannot say. Now, if any one +examines the Hebrew ¤lamed¤ he will perceive that it is by no +means a rude representation of a human arm, holding a sling with a stone +in it. The word _Lamech_ is derived from _lam_, the hand; and the +termination signifies dexterity in shooting or discharging missiles +therewith. + +It is curious to notice that the remaining names in the passage of +Scripture are Celtic: thus Cain is compounded of _cend_, first, and +_gein_, offspring,--pronounced _Kayean_, _i. e._ first begotten. Adah +means a fair complexioned, red-haired woman; and Zillah, peace, from +_siotlad_, pronounced _shieta_. + + FRANCIS CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES. + + +_Photographic Notes._--G. H. P. has communicated (Vol. vii., p. 186.) a +very excellent paper in reference to our numerous failures in the +collodion process; but the remedies he proposes are not, as he is aware, +infallible. He gives the recommendation you find in every work on the +subject, viz. to lift the plate up and down in the bath to allow +evaporation of ether. I have made experiments day after day to ascertain +the value of this advice, and I am convinced, as far as my practice +goes, that you gain nothing by it; indeed, I am sure that I much oftener +get a more even film when the plate is left in the bath for about two +minutes without lifting it out. I should be glad of other photographers' +opinion on the point. + +I have never found any benefit, but much the contrary, from re-dipping +the plate in the bath; and I may observe the same of mixing a drop or +two of silver solution with the developing fluid. + +I think with G. H. P. that the developing solution should be weak for +positives. + +I omitted, in my description of a new head-rest, to say that it is +better to have all the parts in metal; and that the hole, through which +the arm runs, should be a square mortice instead of a round one, as is +usual. A screw at the side sets it fast; the lower portion of the +upright piece being round, and sliding up and down in a tube of metal, +as it does in the best rests, allowing the sitter to be placed in +different positions. All this is very difficult to describe, but a +slight diagram would explain it easily, which I would willingly, as I +have before said, send to any one thinking it worth writing to me for. + + J. L. SISSON. + +Edingthorpe Rectory. + + +_On some Difficulties in Photographic Practice._--Being desirous to have +a glass bath for the silver, I was glad to find you had given (in +"Notices to Correspondents") directions for making one, viz. two parts +best red sealing-wax to one part of Jeffries' marine glue. I tried this, +but found the application of it to the glass impossible, as it set +immediately. Now, can you afford room for the means by which this may be +remedied; as my wish to substitute glass for gutta percha remains? + +Now I am addressing you, may I offer one or two hints which may be of +service to beginners? If, after what has been considered a sufficient +washing of the glass, after the hypo., during the drying, crystals from +hypo. remaining appear, and which would most certainly destroy the +picture, I have found that by _breathing well_ over these parts, and +immediately repeating the washing, all ill effects are thoroughly +prevented. To substitute hot water instead of breathing does not destroy +the hyposulphite, and therefore will not do. + +When the plate shall be dry after the washing process, if a leaden, dim, +grey appearance occurs, I have found that by tenderly rubbing it with +fine cotton, and applying with a good-sized camel's hair pencil a +varnish of about 8-10ths spirits of turpentine and 2-10ths mastic +varnish, and then, before this gets dry, putting on the black varnish, +the grey effect will have been removed. + +I have found the protonitrate of iron, as also the protosulphate, and +not seldom the pyrogallic, so difficult of application, that I have +stained and spoiled very good pictures. I have therefore used, and with +perfect success, a tray of gutta percha a little longer than the glass +(say one-fourth of an inch), and one-fourth of an inch deep; sliding +from one end the glass into the tray (supplied immediately before using +it), by which means the glass is all covered at once. + +I think the REV. MR. SISSON'S suggestion, viz. to send you some of our +specimens with collodion, {364} a very proper one, if not declined on +your own part, and shall, for one, feel great pleasure in acting in +accordance with it. + +You will, I trust, pardon any foregoing hints for beginners, as I well +know that I have lost several pictures by hypo-crystals, and very many +by the difficulty in developing. + + L. MERRITT. + +Maidstone. + +P.S.--I always find collodion by DR. DIAMOND'S formula capital, and with +it from five to ten seconds is time enough. + + +_Mr. Weld Taylor's cheap Iodizing Process._--I have no doubt MR. WELD +TAYLOR will be kind enough to explain to me two difficulties I find in +his cheap iodizing process for paper. + +In the first place, whence arises the caustic condition of his solution, +unless it be through the decomposition of the cyanide of potassium which +is sometimes added? and if such caustic condition exists, does it not +cause a deposition of oxide of silver together with the iodide, thereby +embrowning the paper? + +Why does the caustic condition of the solution require a larger dose of +nitrate of silver, and does not this larger quantity of nitrate of +silver more than outbalance the difference between the new process and +the old, as regards price? I pay 1s. 3d. for an ounce of iodide of +potassium of purest quality; the commoner commercial quality is cheaper. + + F. MAXWELL LYTE. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + + +_Somersetshire Ballad_ (Vol. vii., p. 236.).-- + + "Go vind the vicar of Taunton Deane," &c. + +S. A. S. will find the above in _The Aviary, or Magazine of British +Melody_, a square volume published about the middle of last century; or +in a volume bearing the running title--_A Collection of diverting Songs, +Airs, &c._, of about the same period--both extensive depots of old song; +the first containing 1344, and the last, as far as my mutilated copy +goes, extending to nearly 500 pages quarto. + + J. O. + + +_Family of De Thurnham_ (Vol. vii., p. 261.).--In reply to ~Theta~. +I send a few notes illustrative of the pedigree, &c. of the De +Thurnhams, lords of Thurnham, in Kent, deduced from Dugdale, public +records, and MS. charters in my possession, namely, the MS. Rolls of +Combwell Priory, which was founded by Robert de Thurnham the elder; from +which it appears that Robert de Thurnham, who lived tempore Hen. II., +had two sons, Robert and Stephen. Of these, Robert married Joan, +daughter of William Fossard, and died 13 John, leaving a daughter and +sole heir Isabel, for whose marriage Peter de Maulay had to pay 7000 +marks, which were allowed him in his accounts for services rendered to +the crown. Stephen, the other son, married Edelina, daughter of Ralph de +Broc, and, dying circiter 16 John, was buried in Waverley Abbey, Surrey. +He seems to have left five daughters and coheirs; viz. Mabilia, wife of +Ralph de Gatton, and afterwards of Thomas de Bavelingeham; Alice, wife +of Adam de Bending; Alianore, wife of Roger de Leybourne; Beatrice, wife +of Ralph de Fay; and Alienore, wife of Ralph Fitz-Bernard. Dugdale and +the Combwell Rolls speak of only four daughters, making no mention of +the wife of Ralph Fitz-Bernard; but an entry on the Fine Rolls would +seem almost necessarily to imply that she was one of the five daughters +and coheiresses. If not a _daughter_, she was in _some way_ coheiress +with the daughters; which is confirmed by an entry in _Testa de Nevill_: +and, by a charter temp. Edw. I., I find Roger de Northwood, husband of +Bona Fitz-Bernard, in possession of the manor of Thurnham, with every +appearance of its having been by inheritance of his wife. With this +explanation, I have ventured to include Alianore, wife of Ralph +Fitz-Bernard, as among the daughters and coheiresses of Stephen de +Thurnham. The issue of all of these marriages, after a few years, +terminated in female representatives--among them the great infanta +Juliana de Leybourne--mingling their blood with the Denes, Towns, +Northwoods, Wattons, &c., and other ancient families of Kent. + +I have two beautiful seals of Sir Stephen de Thurnham temp. John,--a +knight fully caparisoned on horseback, but not a trace of armorial +bearings on his shield; nor, in truth, could we expect to find any such +assigned to him at that early period. + + L. B. L. + + +_Major-General Lambert_ (Vol. vii., pp. 237. 269.).--Lambert did not +survive his sentence more than twenty-one years. His trial took place in +1661, and he died during the hard winter of 1683. + +The last fifteen years of his life were spent on the small fortified +island of St. Nicholas, commonly called Drake's Island, situated in +Plymouth Sound, at the entrance to the Hamoaze. + +Lambert's wife and two of his daughters were with him on this island in +1673. (See "N. & Q.," Vols. iv. and v.) + + J. LEWELYN CURTIS. + + +_Loggerheads_ (Vol. v., p. 338.; and Vol. vii., pp. 192-3.).--Your +correspondent CAMBRENSIS, whose communication on this subject I have +read with much interest, will excuse my correcting him in one or two +minor points of his narrative. The little wayside inn at Llanverres, +rendered famous by the genius of the painter Wilson, is still standing +in its original position, on the _left_-hand of the road as you pass +through that village to Ruthin. Woodward, who was landlord of the inn at +the time Wilson frequented it, survived his friend about {365} sixteen +years, leaving six children (two sons and four daughters), none of whom +however, as CAMBRENSIS surmises, succeeded him as landlord. His widow +shortly afterwards married Edward Griffiths, a man many years her +Junior, and who, at the period CAMBRENSIS alludes to, and for a lone +time previous, was "mine host" of the "Loggerheads." Griffiths died +about three years ago, after amassing a large property by mining +speculations in the neighbourhood. There are, I believe, several fine +paintings by Wilson in the new hall of Colomendy, now the residence of +the relict of Col. Garnons. The old house, where Wilson lived, was taken +down about thirty years ago, to make way for the present structure. + + T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + + +_Grafts and the Parent Tree_ (Vol. vii., p. 261.).--In reply to J. P. of +this town, I beg to say that the belief, that "the graft perishes when +the parent tree decays," is merely one among a host of superstitions +reverently cherished by florists. The fact is, that grafts, after some +fifteen years, wear themselves out. Of course there cannot be wanting +many examples of the almost synchronous demise of parent and graft. From +such cases, no doubt, the myth in question took its rise. + + C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + + +_The Lisle Family_ (Vol. vii., pp. 236. 269.).--MR. GARLAND'S Query has +induced me to inquire, through the same channel, whether anything is +known about a family of this name, some of whom are buried at Thruxton +in Hampshire. There are four monuments in the church, two of which are +certainly, the others probably, erected to members of the family. The +first is a very fine brass (described in the Oxford _Catalogue of +Brasses_), inscribed to Sir John Lisle, Lord of Boddington in the Isle +of Wight, who died A.D. 1407. The next in date, and I suppose of much +the same period, is an altar-tomb under an arch, which seems to have led +into a small chantry. On this there are no arms, and no inscription. The +tomb is now surmounted by the figure of a Crusader, which once lay +outside the church, and is thought to be one of the Lisles, and the +founder of the original church. On the north side of the + +chancel two arches looked into what was once a chantry chapel. In the +eastern arch is an altar-tomb, once adorned with shields, which are now +torn off. This chantry stood within the memory of "the oldest +inhabitant;" but it was pulled down by the owner of the land +appertaining to the chantry, and of its materials was built the church +tower. One of its windows forms the tower window, and its battlements +and pinnacles serve their old purpose in their new position. A modern +vestry occupies part of the site of the chantry, and shows one side the +altar-tomb I have last mentioned. This side has been refaced in Jacobian +style, and the arms of Lisle and Courtenay, and one other coat (the same +which occur on the brass), form part of the decoration. Two figures +belonging to this later work lie now on the altar-tomb, and many more +are remembered to have existed inside the chantry. The mixture of this +late Jacobian work with the old work of the chantry is very curious, and +can be traced all over what remains of it. The initials T. L. appear on +shields under the tower battlements. + +I should be glad to find that these Lisles would throw any light on the +subject of MR. GARLAND'S inquiry; and if they do not, perhaps some of +your readers can give some information about them. + +The coat of arms of this family is--Or, on a chief gules, three lioncels +rampant of the first. + + R. H. C. + + +_The Dodo in Ceylon_ (Vol. vii., p. 188.).--The bird which SIR J. +EMERSON TENNENT identifies with the dodo is common on Ceylonese +sculpture. The natives say it is now extinct, and call it the +_Hangsiya_, or sacred goose; but whether deemed sacred for the same +reason as the Capitoline goose, or otherwise, I must leave the author of +_Eleven Years in Ceylon_ to explain, he being the person in this country +most conversant with Ceylonese mythology. + +I now wish to call SIR EMERSON'S attention to a coincidence that may be +worthy his notice in connexion with his forthcoming work on Ceylon. + +If he will take the trouble to examine the model of the Parthenon, in +the Elgin Marble room of the British Museum, he cannot fail, to be +struck with its resemblance to the beautiful building he visited at +Polonaroowa, called the Jaitoowanarama. The dimensions of the respective +buildings I cannot at present ascertain; but the ground-plans are +precisely similar, and each was roofless. But the most striking +resemblance is in the position and altitude of the statues: that of the +gigantic Bhoodho is precisely similar, even in the posture of the right +arm and hand, to that of Minerva, the masterpiece of Phidias. On +consulting his notes, he may find the height of the statues to +correspond. That of Phidias was thirty-nine feet. + + OL. MEM. JU. + +Glen Tulchan. + + +_Thomas Watson, Bishop of St. David's, 1687-99_ (Vol. vii., p. +234.).--This harshly-treated prelate died at Great Wilbraham, near +Cambridge, on June 3, 1717, aet. eighty years; and, from a private letter +written at the time, seems to have been buried in haste in the chancel +of that church, "but without any service," which may perhaps imply that +there was not a funeral sermon, and the ordinary ceremony at a prelate's +burial. It is, however, {366} intimated that he died excommunicated. In +Paulson's _History of Holderness_ is a notice of Bishop Watson, and of +his relatives the Medleys, who are connected with my family by marriage; +but the statement that the bishop "died in the Tower" is incorrect (vol. +i. Part II. p. 283.; vol. ii. Part I. p. 47.; Part II. p. 542., 4to., +1840-1). + + F. R. R. + +Milnrow Parsonage. + +He died in retirement at Wilburgham, or Wilbraham, in the county of +Cambridge, June 3, 1717, aetat. eighty.--See Gough's _Camden_, vol. ii. +p. 140., and _Gentleman's Magazine_, vols. lix. and lx. + +Bishop Gobat was born in 1799, at Cremine, in the perish of Grandval, in +Switzerland. His name is not to be found in the list of graduates of +either Oxford or Cambridge. His degree of D. D. was probably bestowed on +him by the Archbishop of Canterbury. + + TYRO. + +Dublin. + + +_Etymology of Fuss_ (Vol. vii., p. 180.).-- + + "FUSS, _n. s._, a low, cant word, Dr. Johnson says. It is, + however, a regularly-descended northern word: Sax. >fus<, + prompt, eager; Su. Goth. and Cimbr. _f u s_, the same; + hence the Sax. >fysan<, to hasten, and the Su. Goth. _f + y s a_, the same."--Todd's _Johnson_. + +Richardson gives the same etymology, referring to Somner. Webster says, +"allied, perhaps, to Gr. ~physao~, to blow or puff." + + ZEUS. + +A reference to the word in Todd's _Johnson's Dictionary_ will show, and +I think satisfactorily, that its origin is _fus_ (Anglo-Saxon), prompt +or eager; hence _fysan_, to hasten. The quotation given is from Swift. + + C. I. R. + + +_Palindromical Lines_ (Vol. vii., p. 178.).--The sotadic inscription, + + "~NIPSON ANOMEMA ME MONAN OPSIN~," + +is stated (_Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. xl. p. 617.) to be on a font at +Sandbach in Cheshire, and (_Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxiii. p. 441.) +to be on the font at Dulwich in Surrey, and also on the font at Harlow +in Essex. + + ZEUS. + + +_Nugget_ (Vol. vi., pp. 171. 281.; Vol. vii., pp. 143. 272.).--FURVUS is +persuaded that the word _nugget_ is of home growth, and has sprung from +a root existing under various forms throughout the dialects at present +in use. The radical appears to be _snag_, _knag_, or _nag_ (_Knoge_, +Cordylus, cf. _Knuckle_), a protuberance, knot, lump; being a term +chiefly applied to knots in trees, rough pieces of wood, &c., and in its +derivatives strongly expressive of (so to speak) misshapen _lumpiness_. + +Every one resident in the midland counties must be acquainted with the +word _nog_, applied to the wooden ball used in the game of "shinney," +the corresponding term of which, _nacket_, holds in parts of Scotland, +where also a short, corpulent person is called a _nuget_. + +So, in Essex, _nig_ signifies a piece; a _snag_ is a well-known word +across the Atlantic; _nogs_ are ninepins in the north of England; a +_noggin_ of bread is equivalent to a _hunch_ in the midland counties; +and in the neighbourhood of the Parret and Exe the word becomes _nug_, +bearing (besides its usual acceptation) the meaning of _knot_, _lump_. + +This supposed derivation is by no means weakened by the fact, that +miners and others have gone to the "diggins" from parts at no great +distance from the last-mentioned district; and we may therefore, +although the radical is pretty generally diffused over the kingdom, +attribute its better known application to _them_. + +It is no objection that the word, in many of its forms, is used of rough +pieces of _wood_, as instances show that it merely refers to a _rudis +indigestaque moles_ characteristic of any article in question. + + FURVUS. + +St. James's. + + +_Hibernis ipsis Hiberniores_ (Vol. vii., p. 260.).--This, which is no +doubt the proper form, will be found in Southey's _Naval History of +England_, vol. iv. p. 104., applied to "those of old English race who, +having adopted the manners of the land, had become more Irish than the +Irishry." The expression originally was applied to these persons in some +proclamation or act of parliament, which I think is quoted in the +_History of England_ in Lardner's _Cabinet Cyclopaedia_: but that work +has so bad an index as to make it very difficult to find any passage one +may want. Probably Southey would mention the source whence he had it, in +his collections for his _Naval History_ in his Commonplace Book. + + E. G. R. + + +_The Passame Sares (mel. Passamezzo) Galliard_ (Vol. vi., pp. 311. 446.; +Vol. vii., p. 216.).--Will you allow me to correct a mistake into which +both the correspondents who have kindly answered my questions respecting +this galliard seem to have fallen, perhaps misled by an ambiguity in my +expression? + +My inquiry was not intended to refer to _galliards in general_, the +tunes of which, I am well aware, must have been very various, but to +this _one_ galliard in particular; and was made with the view of +ascertaining whether the air is ever played _at the present day_ during +the representation of the Second Part of _King Henry IV._ + + C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + +_Swedish Words current in England_ (Vol. ii., p. 231.).--I beg to inform +your correspondent that the following words, which occur in his list, +are pure Anglo-Saxon, bearing almost the same meaning {367} which he +has attributed to them:--_wyrm_; _by_, _bya_, to inhabit, _becc_; +_dioful_; _dobl_, equivalent to _doalig_: _goepung_, a heap; _lacan_; +_loppe_; _nebb_; _smiting_, contagion; _staeth_, a fixed basis. + +_Eldon_ is Icelandic, from _elldr_, fire: hence we have "At sla elld ur +tinnu," to strike fire from flint; which approaches very near to a +tinder-box. _Ling_, Icel., the heath or heather plant: _ljung_ I take to +be the same word. _Gat_, Icel. for way or opening; hence _strand-gata_, +the opening of the strand or creek. _Tjarn_, _tiorn_, Icel., well +exemplified in Malham Tarn in Craven. + + C. I. R. + + +_Gotch_ (Vol. vi., p. 400.).--The _gotch cup_, described by W. R., must +have been known in England before the coming of the present royal +family, as it is given in Bailey's _Dictionary_ (1730) as a south +country word: it is not likely to have become provincial in so short a +time, nor its origin, if German, to have escaped the notice of old +~Philologos~. The A.-S. verb _geotan_ seems to have had the sense of to +cast metals, as _giessen_ has in German. In Bosworth's _Anglo-Saxon +Dictionary_ is _leadgota_, a plumber. In modern Dutch this is +_lootgieter_. Thus, from _geotan_ is derived _ingot_ (Germ. _einguss_), +as well as the following words in Halliwell's _Dictionary: yete_, to +cast metals (_Pr. Parv._), _belleyetere_ and _bellyatere_, a +bell-founder (_Pr. Parv._); _geat_, the hole through which melted metal +runs into a mould; and _yote_, to pour in. Grose has _yoted_, watered, a +west country word. + + E. G. R. + + +_Passage in Thomson: "Steaming"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 87. 248.).--This word, +and not _streaming_, is clearly the true reading (as is remarked by the +former correspondents), and is so printed in the editions to which I am +able to refer. The object of my Note is to point out a parallel passage +in Milton, and to suggest that _steaming_ would there also be the proper +reading: + + "Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise, + From hill or _streaming_ lake, dusky or gray, + Till the sun paint your fleecy skirts with gold, + In honour to the world's great Author, rise." + _Paradise Lost_, Book v. + + CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + [The reading is _steaming_ in the 1st edition of _Paradise + Lost_, 1667.--ED.] + + +_The Word "Party"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 177. 247.).--The use of this word for +a particular person is earlier than Shakspeare's time. It no doubt +occurs in most of our earliest writers; for it is to be found in +Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, in his translation of the "Centum +Gravamina" presented to Pope Adrian in 1521, the 55th running thus: + + "That, if one of the marryed couple take a journey either to the + warres, or to perform a vow, to a farre countrey, they permit + the _party_ remaining at home, if the other stay long away, upon + a summe of money payd, to cohabite with another, not examining + sufficiently whether the absent party were dead." + +It may also be found in Exodus xxii. 9., where, though it occurs in the +plural, it refers to two individuals: + + "For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for + sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which + another challengeth to be his, the cause of both _parties_ shall + come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, _he_ + shall pay double unto his neighbour." + + H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Clyst St. George. + + +_Curious Fact in Natural Philosophy_ (Vol. vii., p. 206.).--In reply to +ELGINENSIS I send you a quotation from Dr. Golding Bird's _Natural +Philosophy_ in explanation of this well-known phenomenon: + + "One very remarkable phenomenon connected with the escape of a + current of air under considerable pressure, must not be passed + over silently. M. Clement Desormes (_Ann. de Phys. et Chim._, + xxxvi. p. 69.) has observed, that when an opening, about an inch + in diameter, is made in the side of a reservoir of compressed + air, the latter rushes out violently; and if a plate of metal or + wood, seven inches in diameter, be pressed towards the opening, + it will, after the first repulsive action of the current of air + is overcome, be apparently attracted, rapidly oscillating within + a short distance of the opening, out of which the air continues + to emit with considerable force. This curious circumstance is + explained on the supposition, that the current of air, on + escaping through the opening, expands itself into a thin disc, + to escape between the plate of wood or metal, and side of the + reservoir; and on reaching the circumference of the plate, draws + after it a current of atmospheric air from the opposite side.... + The plate thus balanced between these currents remains near the + aperture, and apparently attracted by the current of air to + which it is opposed." + +Dr. G. B. then describes the experiment quoted by ELGINENSIS as "a +similar phenomenon, and apparently explicable on similar principles." +(Bird's _Nat. Phil._, p. 118.) + + COKELY. + + +_Lowbell_ (Vol. vii., p. 272.).--I may add to the explanation of this +word given by M. H., that _low_, derived from the Saxon _loeg_, is +still commonly used in Scotland for a flame; hence the derivation of +_lowbell_, for a mode of birdcatching by night, by which the birds, +being awakened by the bell, are lured by the light into nets held by the +fowlers. In the ballad of _St. George for England_, we have the +following lines: + + "As timorous larks amazed are + With light and with a _lowbell_." + +The term _lowbelling_ may therefore, from the noise, be fitly applied to +the rustic _charivari_ described by H. T. W. (Vol. vii., p. 181.) as +practised in Northamptonshire. + + J. S. C. + + +{368} +_Life and Correspondence of S. T. Coleridge_ (Vol. vii., p. +282.).--There can be but one opinion and feeling as to the want which +exists for a really good biography of this intellectual giant; but there +will be many dissentients as to the proposed biographer, whose life of +Hartley Coleridge cannot be regarded as a happy example of this class of +composition. A life from the pen of Judge Coleridge, the friend of +Arnold and Whateley, is, we think, far more to be desired. + + ~Theta~. + + +_Coniger, &c._ (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 241.).--At one extremity, the +picturesque range of hills which forms the noble background of Dunster +Castle, co. Somerset, is terminated by a striking conical eminence, +well-wooded, and surmounted by an embattled tower, erected as an object +from the castle windows. This eminence bears the name of _The Coniger_, +and is now a pheasant preserve. Mr. Hamper, in an excellent notice of +Dunster and its antiquities, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, October, +1808, p. 873., says: + + "The _Conygre_, or rabbit-ground, was a common appendage to + manor-houses." + +Savage, however, in his _History of the Hundred of Carhampton_, p. 440., +is of opinion that + + "_Coneygar_ seems to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon _Cyning_, + King; and the Moeso-Gothic _Garas_, the same as the Latin + _Domus_, a house, that is, the king's house or residence. Mr. + Hamper has some notion that _Conygre_ means a rabbit-ground, + &c., but Mr. H. does not go high enough for his etymology; + besides, how does it appear that a rabbit-ground was at any time + an appendage to manor-houses? There is no authority for the + assertion." + +I give you this criticism on Mr. Hamper _valeat quantum_, but am +disposed to think he is right. At all events there are no vestiges of +any building on the Coniger except the tower aforesaid, which was +erected by the present Mr. Luttrell's grandfather. + + BALLIOLENSIS. + +In the Irish language, _Cuinicear_, pronounced "Keenekar," is a +rabbit-warren. _Cuinin_ is the diminutive of _cu_, a dog of any sort; +and from the Celtic _cu_, the Greeks took their word ~kyon~, a +dog. I am of opinion that the origin of rabbit is in the Celtic word +_rap_, i. e. a creature that digs and burrows in the ground. + + FRAS. CROSSLEY. + + +_Cupid crying_ (Vol. i., p. 172.).--I had no means (for reasons I need +not now specify) of referring to my 1st Vol. of "N. & Q." until +yesterday, for the pretty epigram given in an English dress by RUFUS and +as the writer in the _Athenaeum_, whose communication you quote on the +same subject (Vol. i., p. 308.), observes "that the translator has taken +some liberties with his text," I make no apology for sending you a much +closer rendering, which hits off with great happiness the point and +quaintness of the original, by a septuagenarian, whose lucubrations have +already been immortalised in "N. & Q." + + "DE CUPIDINE. + + Cur natum caedit Venus? arcum perdidit, arcum + Nunc quis habet? Tusco Flavia nata solo: + Qui factum? petit haec, dedit hic, nam lumine formae + Deceptus, matri se dari crediderat." + + "CUPID CRYING. + + Wherefore does Venus beat her boy? + He has mislaid or lost his bow:-- + And who retains the missing toy? + Th' Etrurian Flavia. How so? + She ask'd: he gave it; for the child, + Not e'en suspecting any other, + By beauty's dazzling light beguil'd, + Thought he had given it to his mother." + + F. T. J. B. + + +_Westminster Assembly of Divines_ (Vol. vii., p. 260.).--Dr. Lightfoot's +interesting and valuable "Journal of the Assembly of Divines," from +January 1, 1643, to December 31, 1644, will be found in the last volume +of the edition of his _Works_, edited by Pitman, and published at +London, 1825, in 13 vols. 8vo. I believe a few copies of the 13th volume +were printed to be sold separately. + +The MS. Journal in three thick folio volumes, preserved in Dr. +Williams's library, Redcross Street, London, is attributed to Dr. Thomas +Goodwin. + +A MS. Journal, by Geo. Gillespie, from Feb. 2, 1644, to Oct. 25, 1644, +in 2 vols., is in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. + +The Rev. W. M. Hetherington published a tolerably impartial _History of +the Westminster Assembly_, Edinburgh, 1843, 12mo. + +The most important work, as throwing light upon the proceedings of the +Assembly, is the _Letters and Journals of Robert Baillie_. The only +complete edition of these interesting documents is that edited by David +Laing, Esq., and published in 3 vols. royal 8vo., 1841-2. + + JOHN I. DREDGE. + +MR. STANSBURY will find the "Journal of the Assembly of Divines," by +Lightfoot, in the new edition of his _Works_, vol. xiii. pp. 5. _et +seq._ Some further light is thrown upon the subject by a parliamentary +paper, printed "for the service of both Houses and the Assembly of +Divines." A copy of it is preserved in our University library (Ff. xiv. +25.). I have referred to both these documents in _A History of the +Articles, &c._, pp. 208-9. + + C. HARDWICK. + +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + +The Journal kept by Lightfoot will be found in the 13th volume of his +_Works_, as edited by the Rev. J. R. Pitman: London, 1825, 8vo. It +should be studied by all those who desire to see a revived Convocation. + + S. R. M. + + +{369} +_Epigrams_ (Vol. vii., pp. 175. 270.).--"Suum cuique" being a +principle which holds good with regard to literary property as well as +to property of every other description, I can inform your correspondent +BALLIOLENSIS that the epigram on Dr. Toe, which he says was "represented +to have proceeded from the pen of Thomas Dunbar, of Brasenose," was in +reality the production of my respected neighbour, the Rev. William +Bradford, M.A., rector of Storrington, Sussex. It was written by that +gentleman when he was an undergraduate of St. John's College, Oxford. +BALLIOLENSIS may rely upon the accuracy of this information, as I had it +from Mr. Bradford's own lips only yesterday. The correct version of the +epigram is that given by SCRAPIANA, p. 270. + + R. BLAKISTON. + +Ashington, Sussex. + + +"_God and the world_" (Vol. vii., pp. 134. 297.).--These lines are +found, as quoted by W. H., in Coleridge's _Aids to Reflection_, p. 87., +ed. 1831. Coleridge gives them as the words of a sage poet of the +preceding generation (meaning, I suppose, the generation preceding that +of Archbishop Leighton, a passage from whose works he has introduced as +an aphorism just before). I have often wondered who this poet was, and +whether the last line were really a quotation from _Macbeth_, or whether +Shakspeare and the unknown poet had both but borrowed a popular saying. +I also had my suspicions that Coleridge himself might have patched the +verses a little; and the communication of your correspondent RT., +tracing the lines in their original form to the works of Fulke Greville +Lord Brooke, now verifies his conjecture. It may be worth while to point +out another instance of this kind of manufacture by the same skilful +hand. In the first volume of _The Friend_ (p. 215., ed. 1818), Coleridge +places at the head of an essay a quotation of two stanzas from Daniel's +_Musophilus_. The second, which precedes in the original that which +Coleridge places first, is thus given by him: + + "_Since writings_ are the veins, the arteries, + And undecaying life-strings of those hearts, + That still shall pant and still shall exercise + _Their mightiest powers when Nature none imparts; + And the strong constitution of their praise + Wear out the infection of distemper'd days_." + +Daniel wrote as follows (vol. ii. p. 373., ed. 1718): + + "_For these lines_ are the veins, the arteries + And undecaying life-strings of those hearts, + That still shall pant and still shall exercise + _The motion spirit and nature both imparts, + And still with those alive so sympathize, + As nourish'd with their powers, enjoy their parts_." + + C. W. G. + + +_Skating Problem_ (Vol. vii., p. 284.).--The Query of your correspondent +recalls the one said to have been put by King James to the members of +the Royal Society: "How is it," said the British Solomon, "that if two +buckets of water be equipoised in a balance, and a couple of live bream +be put into one of them, the bucket containing the fish does not +overweigh the other?" After some learned reasons had been adduced by +certain of the philosophers, one of them said, "Please your Majesty, +that bucket would be heavier by the exact weight of the fish." "Thou art +right," said the sapient king; "I did not think there had been so much +sense among you." Now, although I do not mean to say that A SKATER +propounds for elucidation what he knows to be a fallacy, yet I do assert +that he is mistaken as to the fact alleged. He recommends any one who is +"incredulous" to make the trial--in which case, the experimenter would +undoubtedly find himself in the water! I advise an appeal to common +sense and philosophy: the former will show that a person in skates is +not lighter than another; the latter, that ice will not fracture less +readily beneath the weight of an individual raised on a pair of steel +edges, than one on a pair of flat soles--_all other circumstances being +the same_; the reverse, indeed, would be the fact. The true explanation +of the "problem" is to be found in the circumstance, that "a skater," +rendered confident by the ease with which he _glides_ over ice on which +_he_ could _not stand_, will often also "stand" securely on ice which +would break under the restless feet of a person in his shoes only. This +has always appeared to be the obvious reason for the apparent anomaly to +one who is + + NO SKATER. + + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.).--Let me add to the list of +parochial libraries that at Wendlebury, Oxon, the gift of Robert +Welborn, rector, cir. 1760. It consists of about fifty volumes in folio, +chiefly works of the Fathers, and, if I remember rightly, Benedictine +editions. It was originally placed in the north transept of the church, +but afterwards removed to the rectory. I believe that the books were +intended for the use of the rector, but were to be lent to the +neighbouring clergy on a bond being given for their restoration. After +many years of sad neglect, this library was put into thorough order a +few years ago by the liberality of the Rev. Jacob Ley, student of Ch. +Ch. + + CHEVERELLS. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Reynard the Fox, after the German Version of Goethe, +with Illustrations, by J. Wolf._ Part IV. carries us on to _The Trial_, +which is very ably rendered.--_Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, +by various Writers_, edited by W. Smith. This Sixth Part, extending from +_Cinabi_ to _Cyrrhestica_, contains {370} numerous interesting +articles, such as _Constantinople_, which gives us an outline of +Byzantine History, and _Corinth_, _Crete_, _Cyrene, &c._--Mr. Darling's +_Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_ has now reached its Seventh Part, and which +extends from Dr. Abernethy Drummond to Dr. John Fawcett.--_The Journal +of Sacred Literature_, No. VII., containing articles on _The Scythian +Dominion in Asia_; _Modern Contributions to the Study of Prophecy_; +_Heaven, Hell, Hades_; _Nature of Sin and its earliest Development_; +_Life and Epistles of St. Paul_; _Slavery and the Old Testament_; +_Biblical Criticism_; _Memphitic New Testament_; and its usual variety +of Correspondence, Minor Notices, &c.--_Gentleman's Magazine for April_, +which commences with an article on Mr. Collier's _Notes and Emendations +to the Text of Shakspeare's Plays_.--Mr. Akerman, although the number of +subscribers is not sufficient to cover the expenses, continues his +_Remains of Pagan Saxondum_. The Fourth Part just issued contains +coloured plates, the full size of the respective objects, of a _Fibula +from a Cemetery_ at Fairford, Gloucester; and of _Fibulae, Tweezers, &c._ +from Great Driffield, Yorkshire. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + +THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical. + +SARAH COLERIDGE'S PHANTASMION. + +J. L. PETIT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. 2 Vols. + +R. MANT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE MIND OF THE +CHURCH. 8vo. Belfast, 1840. + +CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY'S TRANSACTIONS. Vol. III.--ELLICOTT ON +VAULTING. + +QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1845. + +GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1838 to 1852, all but Oct. to Dec. 1851. + +COLLIER'S FURTHER VINDICATION OF HIS SHORT VIEW OF THE STAGE. 1708. + +CONGREVE'S AMENDMENT OF COLLIER'S FALSE AND IMPERFECT CITATIONS. 1698. + +FILMER'S DEFENCE OF PLAYS, OR THE STAGE VINDICATED. 1707. + +THE STAGE CONDEMNED. 1698. + +BEDFORD'S SERIOUS REFLECTIONS ON THE ABUSES OF THE STAGE. 8vo. 1705. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH, CHAPTER XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, &c., +BY SAMUEL HORSLEY, Lord Bishop of Rochester. 1799. First Edition, in +4to. + +BISHOP FELL'S Edition of CYPRIAN, containing BISHOP PEARSON'S ANNALES +CYPRIANIA. + +ATHENAEUM JOURNAL, 1847 to 1851 inclusive. + +A DESCRIPTION OF THE ROYAL GARDENS AT RICHMOND IN SURRY. In a Letter to +a Society of Gentlemen. Pp. 32. 8vo. With a Plan and Eight Plates. No +date, circa annum 1770? + +MEMOIRS OF THE ROSE, by MR. JOHN HOLLAND. 1 Vol. 12mo. London, 1824. + +PSYCHE AND OTHER POEMS, by MRS. MARY TIGHE. Portrait. 8vo. 1811. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to +be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +W. S. G. _is thanked. We have not inserted the two Folk Lore articles he +has sent, inasmuch as they are already recorded in Brand._ + +W. S. D. _The saying_ "God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb," _made so +popular by its application to Sterne's "Maria," is from a French +proverb_ "A brebis tondue Dieu mesure le vent," _which, in a somewhat +older form, is to be found in Gruter's_ Florilegium: _Francfort, 1611_, +p. 353., _and in St. Estienne's_ Premices, _published in 1594.--See our_ +1st Vol., pp. 211. 236. 325. 357. 418. + +C. M. I. _We propose to insert some articles on Shakspeare in our next +or following Number._ + +M. A. _and_ J. L. S. _are referred to our_ No. 172., p. 157. + + +PHOTOGRAPHY. _Dr. Diamond's_ Photographic Notes _are preparing for +immediate publication in a separate form. We may take this opportunity +of explaining that_ DR. D. _is_ only an amateur, _and has nothing to do +with Photography as a profession. We are the more anxious to make this +known, since, in consequence of holding an important public office, Dr. +Diamond has but little leisure for pursuing his researches._ + +J. B. S. _will find what he requires at_ p. 277. _of our last volume._ + +C. B. (Birmingham). _If the hyposulphite of soda is not thoroughly +removed from a Photograph, it will soon become covered with reddish +spots, and in a short time the whole picture may disappear. If cyanide +of potassium has been used, it is requisite that the greatest care +should be used to effect its removal entirely._ + +W. L. (Liverpool). _A meniscus lens of the diameter of four inches +should have a focal length of twenty inches, and will produce perfect +landscape pictures fourteen inches square. It is said they will cover +fifteen inches; but fourteen they do with great definition. We strongly +advise_ W. L. _to purchase a good article. It is a bad economy not to go +to a_ first-rate _maker at once._ + +J. M. S. (Manchester). _You will find, for a screen to use in the open +air, that the white cotton you refer to will be far too light. "Linsey +woolsey" forms an admirable screen, and by being left loose upon a +stretcher it may be looped up so as to form drapery, &c. If you cannot +depend upon the collodion you purchase in your city, pray use your +ingenuity, and make some according to the formulary given in_ Vol. vi., +p. 277., _and you will be rewarded for your trouble._ + + +C. E. F. _The various applications to your bath which you have used have +destroyed it in all probability past use. All solutions containing +silver will precipitate it in the form of a white powder, upon the +addition of common salt; and from this chloride the pure metal is again +readily obtained. The collodion of some makers always acts in the manner +you describe; and we have known it remedied by the addition of about one +drachm of spirits of wine to the ounce of collodion. Spirits of wine +also added to the nitrate bath--two drachms of spirits of wine to six +ounces of the aqueous solution--is sometimes very beneficial. When +collodion is inert, and the colour remains a pale milk and water blue +after the immersion, a few drops of saturated solution of iodide of +silver may be added, as it indicates a deficiency of the iodide. Should +the collodion then be turbid, a small lump of iodide of potassium may be +dropped into the bottle, which by agitation will soon effect a +clearance; when this is done, the fluid may be poured off from the +excess of iodide which remains undissolved._ + +ALEX. RAE (Banff). _You shall have a private reply at our earliest +leisure. The questions you ask would almost comprise a Treatise on +Photography._ + +H. N. (March 30th). _1st. You will find the opacity you complain of +completely removed by the use of the amber varnish, as recommended by_ +DR. DIAMOND, _unless it proceeds from light having acted generally upon +your sensitive collodion in the bath, or during the time of its exposure +in the camera; in which case there is no cure for it.--2ndly. A greater +intensity in negatives will be produced without the nitric acid, but +with an addition of more acetic acid the picture is more brown and never +so agreeable as a positive. 3rd. The protonitrate of iron used pure +produces a picture as delicate, and having all the brilliancy of a +Daguerreotype, without its unpleasant metallic reflexion--the fine metal +being deposited of a dead white; and combined with the pyrogallic acid +solution in the proportion of one part to six or ten, produces pictures +of a most agreeable ivory-like colour.--4th. The protonitrate of iron, +when mixed with the pyrogallic acid solution, becomes of a fine violet +blue; but after some minutes it darkens. It should only be mixed +immediately before using. The colour of the protonitrate of iron will +vary, even using the same chemicals. The cheap nitrate of barytes of +commerce answers exceedingly well in most cases; but a finer silver +surface is obtained by the use of the purified.--5th. We have generally +succeeded in obtaining portraits in an ordinary room, the sitter being +placed opposite and near the window: of course, a glass-house is much +better, the roof of which should be of violet glass, ground on the inner +side. This glass can be bought, made especially for the purpose, at_ +11d. _the square foot. It obstructs no chemical rays of light, and is +most pleasant to the eyes, causing no fatigue from the great body of +light admitted._ + +_A few compete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is +desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them +to their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * *{371} + +A LITERARY CURIOSITY.--A Fac-simile of a very Remarkably Curious, +Interesting, and Droll Newspaper of Charles II.'s Reign. Sent Free by +Post on receipt of Three Postage Stamps. + +J. H. FENNELL. 1. WARWICK COURT, HOLBORN, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres', La Croix, and +other Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be +procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the +practice of Photography in all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. +B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who +published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). +Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary +sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be +exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. +B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the +latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype +processes. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS +adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized +Papers, &c. + + * * * * * + +TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now +made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities, +either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of +having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. +Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place. +Bayswater, or at MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class +X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all +Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 55. CHEAPSIDE. Superior +Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver +Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, +10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior +Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's +Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch +skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, +2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, +the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + +TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the practice +of Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt, +Brebisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of +WILLIAM BOLTON (formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure Chemicals +for Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application. + +Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr. +Stewart's instructions. + +146. HOLBORN BARS. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, +Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's +Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining +Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, +according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + * * * + +_Directors_. + +H. E. Bicknell, Esq. +W. Cabell, Esq. +T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. +G. H. Drew, Esq. +W. Evans, Esq. +W. Freeman, Esq. +F. Fuller, Esq. +J. H. Goodhart, Esq. +T. Grissell, Esq. +J. Hunt, Esq. +J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. +E. Lucas, Esq. +J. Lys Seager, Esq. +J. B. White, Esq. +J. Carter Wood, Esq. + +_Trustees._ + +W. Whateley, Esq. Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq. + +_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + +_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application +to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed +in the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT +BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, +exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, +&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life +Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life +Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + +ESTABLISHED 1841. + +MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE, + +25. PALL MALL. + + * * * + +During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four +Thousand One Hundred and Fifty Policies_-- + +Covering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and +Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_-- + +Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_. + +This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of +Diseased Lives. + +Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most +other Offices. + +A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies +at last Division of Profits. + +Next Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June, +1853, will participate. + + * * * + +Agents wanted for vacant places. + +Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be +obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any +of the Society's Agents in the country. + + F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary. + C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary. + + * * * * * + +UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY; established by Act of Parliament +in 1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London. + + HONORARY PRESIDENTS. + + Earl of Courtown + Earl Leven and Melville + Earl of Norbury + Earl of Stair + Viscount Falkland + Lord Elphinstone + Lord Belhaven and Stenton + Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan + + LONDON BOARD. + + _Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq. + _Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq. + + H. Blair Avarne, Esq. + E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_. + C. Berwick Curtis, Esq. + William Fairlie, Esq. + D. Q. Henriques, Esq. + J. G. Henriques, Esq. + F. C. Maitland, Esq. + William Railton, Esq. + F. H. Thomson, Esq. + Thomas Thorby, Esq. + + MEDICAL OFFICERS. + +_Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., 8. Bennett Street, St. +James's. + +_Surgeon._--F. H. Thomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street. + +The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is +as follows:-- + +----------------------------------------------------- + | | Sum added to | + Sum | Time | Policy. | Sum +Assured. | Assured.|----------------------| payable + | | In 1841. | In 1848. | at Death. +---------+---------+----------+-----------+----------- + L | | L s. d. | L s. d. | L s. d. + 5000 |14 years |683 6 8 |787 10 0 |6470 16 8 + *1000 | 7 years | - - |157 10 0 |1157 10 0 + 500 | 1 year | - - | 11 5 0 | 511 5 0 +---------+---------+----------+-----------+----------- + +*EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty +took out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. +8d.; in 1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 3d.; but the profits +being 2-1/4 per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. +per annum for each 1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost +as much as the premiums paid. + +The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only +one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is +for Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the +Resident Director. + + * * * * *{372} + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for APRIL contains:--1. The Text of +Shakspeare's Plays. 2. Mrs. Hamilton Gray's History of Rome. 3. Lares +and Penates (with Engravings). 4. Jacques van Artevelde. 5. Literary +Relics of James Thomson and Allan Ramsey. 6. A Word upon Wigs. 7. The +Income Tax. 8. Paris after Waterloo. 9. Correspondence of Sylvanus +Urban: Concealed Lands; Richard of Cirencester; Artifice of a Condemned +Malefactor; Billingsgate and Whittington's Conduit. With Notes of the +Month; Review of New Publications; Reports of Archaeological Societies, +Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY; including Memoirs of the Earl of +Belfast, Bishop Kaye, Bishop Broughton, Sir Wathen Waller, Rear-Admiral +Austen, William Peter, Esq., the late Provost of Eton, John Philip +Dyott, &c. &c. Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + +NEW WORKS--PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +Demy 8vo., 8s. + +HISTORICAL OUTLINES OF POLITICAL CATHOLICISM: ITS +PAPACY--PRELACY--PRIESTHOOD--PEOPLE. + +MONTENEGRO AND THE SLAVONIANS OF TURKEY. By COUNT VALERIAN KRASINSKI. +Author of the "Religious History of the Slavonic Nations," &c. Fcap. 1s. +6d. + +Being the New Volume of READING for TRAVELLERS. + +CHAMOIS HUNTING in the MOUNTAINS of BAVARIA. By CHARLES BONER. With +Illustrations. Demy 8vo., 18s. + +THE DIARY OF MARTHA BETHUNE BALIOL, from 1753 to 1754. Post 8vo. 9s. + +Forming the New Volume of Chapman & Hall's Series. + +THE DELUGE. BY VISCOUNT MAIDSTONE. Dedicated to the Electors of +Westminster. Second Edition. Price 2s. 6d. + +London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, fcap. 8vo., price 5s. in cloth. + +SYMPATHIES of the CONTINENT, or PROPOSALS for a NEW REFORMATION. By JOHN +BAPTIST VON HIRSCHER, D.D., Dean of the Metropolitan Church of Freiburg, +Breisgau, and Professor of Theology in the Roman Catholic University of +that City. Translated and edited with Notes and Introduction by the Rev. +ARTHUR CLEVELAND COXE, M.A., Rector of St. John's Church, Hartford, +Connecticut, U.S. + + "The following work will be found a noble apology for the + position assumed by the Church of England in the sixteenth + century, and for the practical reforms she then introduced into + her theology and worship. If the author is right, then the + changes he so eloquently urges upon the present attention of his + brethren ought to have been made _three hundred years ago_; and + the obstinate refusal of the Council of Trent to make such + reforms in conformity with Scripture and Antiquity, throws the + whole burthen of the sin of schism upon Rome, and not upon our + Reformers. The value of such admissions must, of course, depend + in a great measure upon the learning, the character, the + position, and the influence of the author from whom they + proceed. The writer believes, that questions as to these + particulars can be most satisfactorily answered."--_Introduction + by Arthur Cleveland Coxe._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London + + * * * * * + +Just published, price One Penny, + +MEMOIR OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, Bart., with an Account +of his Personal Exertions for the Agricultural and Social Improvement of +Scotland. By CATHERINE SINCLAIR. + +This interesting Memoir, forming one of the Number of CHAMBERS'S +REPOSITORY of INSTRUCTIVE and AMUSING TRACTS, has already had a +circulation of Fifty Thousand Copies. + +W. & R. CHAMBERS, Edinburgh; W. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, London; D. N. +CHAMBERS, Glasgow; J. M'GLASHAN, Dublin; and sold by all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + +On 1st of April, price 1s., No. IV. New Series. + +THE ECCLESIASTIC. + +CONTENTS: + +Morgan on the Trinity of Plato and of Philo-Judaeus. +Greek Hymnology. +Montalembert's Catholic Interests. Second Notice. +Illustrations of the State of the Church during the Great Rebellion. +Reviews and Notices. +Notices to Correspondents. + +Now ready, price 1s., Part V. of + +CONCIONALIA; Outlines of Sermons for Parochial Use throughout the Year. +By the REV. HENRY THOMPSON, M.A., Cantab., Curate of Wrington, Somerset. +It contains Sermons for the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Sundays +after Easter; the Annunication of the Blessed Virgin Mary; St. Mark's +Day. To be continued monthly. + +London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street, and New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +8vo., price 12s. + +A MANUAL OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, from the First to the Twelfth +Century inclusive. By the Rev. E. S. FOULKES, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of +Jesus College, Oxford. + + The main plan of the work has been borrowed from Spanheim, a + learned, though certainly not unbiassed, writer of the + seventeenth century: the matter compiled from Spondanus and + Spanheim, Mosheim and Fleury, Gieseler and Doellinger, and + others, who have been used too often to be specified, unless + when reference to them appeared desirable for the benefit of the + reader. Yet I believe I have never once trusted to them on a + point involving controversy, without examining their + authorities. The one object that I have had before me has been + to condense facts, without either garbling or omitting any that + should be noticed in a work like the present, and to give a fair + and impartial view of the whole state of the case.--_Preface._ + + "An epitomist of Church History has a task of no ordinary + greatness.... He must combine the rich faculties of condensation + and analysis, of judgment in the selection of materials, and + calmness in the expression of opinions, with that most excellent + gift of faith, so especially precious to Church historians, + which implies a love for the Catholic cause, a reverence for its + saintly champions, an abhorrence of the misdeeds which have + defiled it, and a confidence that its 'truth is great, and will + prevail.' + + "And among other qualifications which may justly be attributed + to the author of the work before us, this last and highest is + particularly observable. He writes in a spirit of manly faith, + and is not afraid of facing 'the horrors and uncertainties,' + which, to use his own words, are to be found in Church + history."--_From the Scottish Ecclesiastical Journal, May, + 1852._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +Cheaper Editions, 3s. 6d. + +READINGS IN SCIENCE; + +Familiar Explanations of Appearances and Principles in Natural +Philosophy. + +READINGS IN POETRY; + +Selections from the Works of the best English Poets, with Specimens of +the American Poets; Notices of the Writers; and Notes. + +READINGS IN ENGLISH PROSE LITERATURE; + +Specimens of the Works of the best English Writers, with Biographical +Sketches and Essays on the Progress of English Literature. + +READINGS IN BIOGRAPHY; + +A Selection of the Lives of the most Eminent Men of all Nations. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + +This Day, 2 vols. post 8vo., 18s. + +HYPATIA; or New Foes with an Old Face. By CHARLES KINGSLEY, Jun., Rector +of Eversley. Reprinted from "Fraser's Magazine." + +By the same Author, + +THE SAINT'S TRAGEDY, Cheaper Edition, 2s. + +YEAST; A PROBLEM. Reprinted from "Fraser's Magazine." Cheaper Edition, +5s. + +TWENTY-FIVE VILLAGE SERMONS. Cheaper Edition, 3s. 6d. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + +This Day is published, price 4s. + +~AISCHYLOU EUMENIDES~. AESCHYLI EUMENIDES. Recensuit F. A. PALEY. +Editio Auctior et Emendatior. + +Cantabrigiae: apud J. DEIGHTON. + +Londini: apud WHITTAKER ET SOC.; et SIMPKIN ET SOC. + + * * * * * + +3 vols. 8vo. price 2l. 8s. + +A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC +ARCHITECTURE. The Fifth Edition enlarged, exemplified by 1700 Woodcuts. + + "In the Preparation of this the Fifth Edition of the Glossary of + Architecture, no pains have been spared to render it worthy of + the continued patronage which the work has received from its + first publication. + + "The Text has been considerably augmented, as well by the + additions of many new Articles, as by the enlargement of the old + ones, and the number of Illustrations has been increased from + eleven hundred to seventeen hundred. + + "Several additional Foreign examples are given, for the purposes + of comparison with English work, of the same periods. + + "In the present Edition, considerably more attention has been + given to the subject of Mediaeval Carpentry, the number of + Illustrations of 'Open Timber Roofs' has been much increased, + and most of the Carpenter's terms in use at the period have been + introduced with authorities."--_Preface to the Fifth Edition._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER. Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 15. Stonefield Street, in the +Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the +Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE +BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the +West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street +aforesaid.--Saturday, April 9. 1853. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 180, April +9, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 21220.txt or 21220.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/1/2/2/21220/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A Benoy +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |