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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by 
+Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke
+       By the wise and Moderate use whereof, Health is preserved,
+       Sicknesse Diverted, and Cured, especially the Plague of
+       the Guts; vulgarly called _The New Disease_; Fluxes,
+       Consumptions, & Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry other
+       desperate Diseases. By it also, Conception is Caused, the
+       Birth Hastened and facilitated, Beauty Gain'd and continued.
+
+Author: Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
+Translator: James Wadsworth
+
+Release Date: May 2, 2007 [EBook #21271]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHOCOLATE: OR, AN INDIAN DRINKE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Barbara Tozier and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+                              CHOCOLATE:
+
+                                 OR,
+
+                         An _Indian_ Drinke.
+
+
+                By the wise and Moderate use whereof,
+                    Health is preserved, Sicknesse
+                 Diverted, and Cured, especially the
+                 Plague of the Guts; vulgarly called
+               _The New Disease_; Fluxes, Consumptions,
+                  & Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry
+                   other desperate Diseases. By it
+                     also, Conception is Caused,
+                        the Birth Hastened and
+                         facilitated, Beauty
+                        Gain'd and continued.
+
+
+       Written Originally in _Spanish_, by _Antonio Colmenero_
+                  of _Ledesma_, Doctor in Physicke,
+               and faithfully rendred in the _English_,
+
+                      By Capt. JAMES WADSWORTH.
+
+
+
+                               LONDON,
+            Printed by _J. G._ for _Iohn Dakins_, dwelling
+               neare the _Vine Taverne_ in _Holborne_,
+                 where this Tract, together with the
+                   _Chocolate_ it selfe, may be had
+                      at reasonable rates. 1652
+
+
+
+
+TO THE GENTRY OF The ENGLISH Nation.
+
+
+Sirs,
+
+_The ensuing Tract, I, many yeares since Translated out of the
+Originall _Spanish_, and Dedicated to the Right Honorable _Edward_
+Lord _Conway_, &c. by whose Noble Patronage, the Confection
+whereof it Treats, together with it selfe, were first admitted into
+the _English_ Court, where they received the Approbation of the most
+Noble and Iuditious those dayes afforded. Since which time, it hath
+beene universally sought for, and thirsted after by people of all
+Degrees (especially those of the Female sex) either for the Pleasure
+therein Naturally Residing, to Cure, and divert Diseases; Or else to
+supply some Defects of Nature, wherein it chalenges a speciall
+Prerogative above all other Medicines whatsoever._
+
+_The Author thereof was one _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_, who
+sometimes lived in the _West Indies_, where it is very much used, and
+held in great esteeme, untill this day; as also in _Spaine_, _Italy_,
+and _Flanders_, and admired by the most learned Doctors of all those
+Nations._
+
+_As for the Name [_Chocolate_] it is an _Indian_ word, compounded of
+_Ate_ (as some say,) or (as others) _Atle_, which in the _Mexican
+Language_, signifieth _Water_; And _Choco_, the noise that the Water
+(wherein the _Chocolate_ is put) maketh, when it is stirred in a Cup,
+untill it Bubble and rise unto a Froth: And may be called in _English_
+A Compounded, or Confectioned drinke._
+
+_The Confection it selfe, consists of severall Ingredients according
+to the different Constitutions of those that use it: the Principall of
+which is called _Cacao_, [a kind of Nut, or kernell, bigger then a
+great Almond, which growes upon a tree called the Tree of _Cacao_]
+containing in it the Quality of the Foure Elements, as will appeare in
+the following Discourse._
+
+_The vertues thereof are no lesse various, then Admirable. For,
+besides that it preserves Health, and makes such as drink it often,
+Fat, and Corpulent, faire and Amiable, it vehemently Incites to
+_Venus_, and causeth Conception in women, hastens and facilitates
+their Delivery: It is an excellent help to Digestion, it cures
+Consumptions, and the Cough of the Lungs, the New Disease, or Plague
+of the Guts, and other Fluxes, the Green Sicknesse, Jaundise, and all
+manner of Inflamations, Opilations, and Obstructions. It quite takes
+away the Morphew, Cleanseth the Teeth, and sweetneth the Breath,
+Provokes Urine, Cures the Stone, and strangury, Expells Poison, and
+preserves from all infectious Diseases._
+
+_But I shall not assume to enumerate all the vertues of this
+Confection: for that were Impossible, every day producing New and
+Admirable effects in such as drinke it: I shall rather referre to the
+Testimony of those Noble Personages who are known constantly to use
+and receive constant and manifold benefits by it, having hereby no
+other Aime then the Generall good of this Common-wealth (whereof I am
+a Faithfull Member) and to be esteemed (as really I am)_
+
+                              _Gentlemen_,
+
+     Westminster                      Your Affectionate Friend
+     _Decemb._ 20.                    to love and serve you,
+     1651.
+                                      _Don Diego de Vadesforte._
+
+
+
+
+                          _THE TRANSLATOR_,
+                      To every Individuall Man,
+                  and Woman, Learn'd, or unlearn'd,
+                     Honest, or Dishonest: In the
+                         due Praise of Divine
+                             _CHOCOLATE_.
+
+
+  _Doctors_ lay by your _Irksome Books_
+  And all ye Petty-Fogging _Rookes_
+  Leave _Quacking_; and _Enucleate_
+  The _vertues_ of our _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let th' _Universall Medicine_
+  (Made up of Dead-mens _Bones_ and _Skin_,)
+  Be henceforth _Illegitimate_,
+  And yeild to _Soveraigne-Chocolate_.
+
+  Let _Bawdy-Baths_ be us'd no more;
+  Nor _Smoaky-Stoves_ but by the whore
+  Of _Babilon_: since _Happy-Fate_
+  Hath _Blessed_ us with _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let old _Punctaeus_ Greaze his _shooes_
+  With his _Mock-Balsome_: and Abuse
+  No more the World: But _Meditate_
+  The _Excellence_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let _Doctor Trigg_ (who so Excells)
+  No longer Trudge to _Westwood-Wells_:
+  For though that water _Expurgate_,
+  'Tis but the _Dreggs_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let all the _Paracelsian_ Crew
+  Who can Extract _Christian_ from _Jew_;
+  Or out of _Monarchy_, A _State_,
+  Breake `all their _Stills_ for _Chocolate_.
+
+  Tell us no more of _Weapon-Salve_,
+  But rather Doome us to a _Grave_:
+  For sure our wounds will _Ulcerate_,
+  Unlesse they're _wash'd_ with _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Thriving Saint_, who will not come
+  Within a _Sack-Shop_'s Bowzing-Roome
+  (His _Spirit_ to _Exhilerate_)
+  Drinkes _Bowles_ (at home) of _Chocolate_.
+
+  His _Spouse_ when she (_Brimfull_ of _Sense_)
+  Doth want _her due Benevolence_,
+  And _Babes_ of _Grace_ would _Propagate_,
+  Is alwayes Sipping _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Roaring-Crew_ of _Gallant-Ones_
+  Whose _Marrow_ Rotts within their _Bones_:
+  Their _Bodyes_ quickly _Regulate_,
+  If once but _Sous'd_ in _Chocolate_.
+
+  Young _Heires_ that have more _Land_ then Wit,
+  When once they doe but _Tast_ of it,
+  Will rather spend their whole _Estate_,
+  Then _weaned_ be from _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Nut-Browne-Lasses_ of the Land
+  Whom _Nature_ vayl'd in _Face_ and _Hand_,
+  Are quickly _Beauties_ of _High-Rate_,
+  By one small _Draught_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Besides, it saves the _Moneys_ lost
+  Each day in _Patches_, which did cost
+  Them deare, untill of Late
+  They found this _Heavenly Chocolate_.
+
+  Nor need the _Women_ longer _grieve_
+  Who _spend_ their _Oyle_, yet not _conceive_,
+  For 'tis a _Helpe-Immediate_,
+  If such but _Lick_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  _Consumptions_ too (be well assur'd)
+  Are no lesse _soone_ then _soundly_ cur'd:
+  (Excepting such as doe Relate
+  Unto the _Purse_) by _Chocolate_.
+
+  Nay more: It's _vertue_ is so much,
+  That if a _Lady_ get a _Touch_,
+  Her griefe it will _Extenuate_,
+  If she but _smell_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Feeble-Man_, whom _Nature_ Tyes
+  To doe his Mistresse's _Drudgeries_;
+  O how it will _his minde Elate_,
+  If _shee_ allow him _Chocolate_!
+
+  'Twill make Old women _Young_ and _Fresh_;
+  Create _New-Motions_ of the _Flesh_,
+  And cause them _long for you know what_,
+  If they but _Tast_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  There's ne're a _Common Counsell-Man_,
+  Whose _Life_ would Reach unto a _Span_,
+  Should he not _Well-Affect_ the _State_,
+  And _First_ and _Last_ Drinke _Chocolate_.
+
+  Nor e're a _Citizen_'s Chast wife,
+  That ever shall prolong her _Life_,
+  (Whilst _open_ stands _Her Posterne-Gate_)
+  Unlesse she _drinke_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Nor dost the _Levite_ any Harme,
+  It keepeth his _Devotion_ warme,
+  And eke the _Hayre_ upon his _Pate_,
+  So long as he drinkes _Chocolate_.
+
+  Both _High_ and _Low_, both _Rich_ and _Poore_
+  My _Lord_, my _Lady_, and his _--_
+  With all the _Folkes_ at _Billingsgate_,
+  _Bow_, _Bow_ your _Hamms_ to _Chocolate_.
+
+                                        Don Diego de Vadesforte.
+
+
+
+
+To the Author,
+
+Great Don, Grandee of _Spaine_, Illostrissimo of _Venice_, High and
+mighty King of _Candie_, Great Bashaw of _Babilon_, Prince of the
+Moone, Lord of the Seven Starres, Governour of the Castle of
+_Comfort_, Sole Admirall of the Floating _Caravan_, Author of Th'
+_Europian_ Mercury, Chiefe Generall and Admirall of the Invisible
+Fleet and Army of _Terra Incognita_,
+
+                                           Cap. James Wadsworth.
+
+
+
+
+_The Allowance of _Melchor De Lara_, Physitian Generall for the
+Kingdome of _Spaine_._
+
+
+I Doctor _Melchor de Lara_ Physitian Generall for the Kingdom of
+_Spaine_, at the command of _Don John de Velasco_, and _Asebedo_,
+Vicar Generall of _Madrid_, have seene this Treatise of _Chocolate_,
+composed by _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_; which is very learned,
+and curious, and therefore it ought to be Licensed for the Presse; it
+containing nothing contrary to good manners; and cannot but be very
+pleasing to those, who are affected to _Chocolate_. In testimony
+whereof, I have subscribed my Name, in _Madrid_ the 23. day of
+_August_. 1631.
+
+                                              _Melchor de Lara._
+
+
+
+
+The Testimoniall of _John de Mena_, Doctor and Physitian to the King
+of _Spaine_.
+
+_I _John de Mena_, Physitian to his Majesty, and one of the Counsell
+Generall of the Inquisition, have seene this Treatise of _Chocolate_
+(composed by Doctor _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_) by command of
+the _Supreame Royall Court of Justice_: which containeth nothing
+contrary to good Manners, and the Subject if very learnedly handled,
+and with great Iudgement; and no doubt, but it will give much pleasure
+and content to all those, who are affected to _Chocolate_; and
+therefore may be printed: And in confirmation of this truth, I have
+hereto subscribed my Name the 17. of _Septemb._ 1631._
+
+                              John de Mena _Doctor in Physicke_.
+
+
+
+
+To the Reader.
+
+
+The number is so great of those, who, in these times, drinke
+_Chocolate_, that not only in the _Indies_, where this kind of Drink
+hath its originall; but it is also much used in _Spain_, _Italy_ and
+_Flanders_, and particularly at the Cour. And many doe speake diversly
+of it, according to the benefit, or hurt, they receive from it: Some
+saying, that it is stopping: Others, and those the greater part, that
+it makes one fat: Others, that the use of it strengthens the stomacke:
+Others, that it heates, and burns them: And others say, that although
+they take it every houre, and in the Dogdayes, yet they finde
+themselves well with it. And therefore my desire is, to take this
+paines, for the pleasure, and profit of the publicke; endeavouring to
+accommodate it to the content of all, according to the variety of
+those things, wherewith it may be mixt; that so every man may make
+choise of that, which shal be most agreeable to his disposition. I
+have not seene any, who hath written any thing, concerning this
+drinke; but onely a Physitian of _Marchena_, who (as it seemes) writ
+onely by Relation; holding an opinion, that the _Chocolate_ is
+stopping, because that _Cacao_ (the principall Ingredient of which it
+is made) is cold, and dry. But because this onely reason, may not have
+power to keepe some from the use of it, who are troubled with
+Opilations; I thinke fit to defend this _Confection_, with
+Philosophicall Reasons, against any whosoever will condemne this
+Drinke, which is so wholesome, and so good, knowing how to make the
+Paste in that manner, that it may be agreeable to divers dispositions,
+in the moderate drinking of it. And so, with all possible brevity,
+shall distinguish and divide this Treatise into foure poynts, or
+Heads. In the first place I shall declare, what _Chocolate_ is; and
+what are the Qualities of _Cacao_, and the other Ingredients of this
+_Confection_; where I shall treate of the Receipt set downe by the
+aforesaid Author of _Marchena_, and declare my opinion concerning the
+same. The second point shall treate of the Quality, which resulteth
+out of the mixture of these Simples, which are put into it. In the
+third place the manner of Compounding; and how many wayes they use to
+drink it in the _Indies_. In the fourth, and last place I shall treat
+of the Quantity; and how it ought to be taken; at what time; and by
+what persons.
+
+
+
+
+_The first Point._
+
+
+Concerning the first Point, I say, that _Chocolate_ is a name of the
+_Indians_; which in our vulgar Castilian, we may call a certaine
+_Confection_, in which (among the Ingredients) the principall _Basis_,
+and Foundation, is the _Cacao_; of whose Nature and Quality it is
+necessary first to treat: And therefore I say, according to the common
+received opinion, that it is cold, and dry, _ą prędominio_; that is to
+say, that though it be true, that every Simple containes in it the
+Qualities of the foure Elements, in the action, and re-action, which
+it hath in it, yet there results another distinct quality, which we
+call Complexion.
+
+This Quality or Complexion, which ariseth of this Mixture, is not
+alwayes one, and the same; neither hath it the effect in all the
+mixtures, but they may be varied nine wayes; four _Simple_, from
+whence one onely quality doth abound; and foure _Compounded_, from
+whence two Symbolizing qualities are predominant; and one other, which
+we call _ad pondus_, which is of all these fore-said qualities, which
+are in _ęquilibrio_, that is to say, in equall measure and degree.
+
+Of all these the Complexion of _Cacao_ is composed, since there arise
+two qualities, which are cold, and dry; and in the substance, that
+rules them, hath it _restringent_ and _obstructive_, of the nature of
+the Element of the _Earth_. And then, as it is a Mixed, and not a
+simple Element, it must needs have parts correspondent to the rest of
+the Elements; and particularly, it partakees (and that, not a little)
+of those, which correspond with the Element of Aire, that is, Heat and
+Moysture, which are governed by the Unctious parts; there being drawne
+out of the _Cacao_ much Butter, which, in the _Indies_ I have seene
+drawne out if it, for the Face, by the _Criollas_.
+
+It may Philosophically be objected, in this manner: _Two contrary
+Qualities, and Disagreeing, cannot be _in gradu intenso_, in one and
+the same Subject: _Cacao_ is cold and drie, in predominency:
+Therefore, it cannot have the qualities contrary to those; which are
+Heat, and Moysture. The first Proposition is most certaine, and
+grounded upon good Philosophy: The second is consented unto, by all:
+The third, which is the Conclusion, is regular._
+
+It cannot be denyed, but that the _Argument_ is very strong, and these
+reasons being considered by him of _Marchena_, have made him affirme,
+that _Chocolate_ is Obstructive; it seeming to be contrary to
+Philosophy, that in it there should be found _Heat_ and _Moysture_,
+_in gradu intenso_; and to be so likewise in _Cold_ and _Dry_.
+
+To this, there are two things to be answered: One, that he never saw
+the experience of drawing out the Butter, which I have done; and that
+when the _Chocolate_ is made without adding any thing to the dryed
+Powder, which is incorporated, onely by beating it well together, and
+is united, and made into a Paste, which is a signe, that there is a
+moist, and glutinous part, which, of necessity, must correspond with
+the Element of Aire.
+
+The other reason, we will draw from Philosophy; affirming that, in the
+_Cacao_, there are different substances. In the one, that is to say,
+in that, which is not so fat, it hath a greater quantity of the Oylie,
+then of the earthie Substance; and in the fatter part, it hath more of
+the earthy than of the Oily substance. In these there is Heate and
+Moysture in predominancy; and in the other, cold and dry.
+
+Notwithstanding that it is hard to be believed, that in one and the
+same substance, and so little of the _Cacao_, it can have substances
+so different: To the end that it may appeare more easie, clear, and
+evident, first we see it in the _Rubarbe_, which hath in it hot and
+soluble parts, and parts which are Binding, Cold and Dry, which have a
+vertue to strengthen, binde, and stop the loosenesse of the Belly: I
+say also, that he that sees and considers the steele, so much of the
+nature of the earth, as being heavy, thick, cold, and dry; it seemes
+to be thought unproper for the curing of Opilations, but rather to be
+apt to encrease them; and yet it is given for a proper remedy against
+them.
+
+This difficulty is cleared thus, that though it be true, that it hath
+much of the Earthy part; yet it hath also parts of Sulphur, and of
+quick silver, which doe open, and disopilate; neither doth it so,
+untill it be helped by Art, as it is ground, stirred, and made fine,
+in the preparing of it; the Sulphurous parts, and those of
+quick-silver, being thinne, active, and penetrative, they mingle, at
+the last with those parts, which are Earthy and astringent: Insomuch,
+that they being mingled after this manner one with another, we cannot
+now say, that the steele is astringent, but rather, that it is
+penetrative, attenuating and opening. Let us prove this Doctrine by
+Authorities; and let the first be from _Gallen_, _l. 3._ of the
+qualities of Simples, _c. 14._ Where, first of all he teacheth, that
+almost all those Medicines, which, to our sence, seeme to be _Simple_,
+are notwithstanding naturally _Compounded_, containing in themselves
+contrary qualities; and that is to say, a quality to expell, and to
+retaine; to incrassate, and attenuate; to rarifie, and to condense.
+Neither are we to wonder at it, it being understood, that in every
+fore-said Medicine, there is a quality to heat, and to coole; to
+moisten and to dry. And whatsoever Medicine it be, it hath in it,
+thick, and thinne parts; rare, and dense; soft, and hard. And in the
+fifteenth Chapter following, in the same Book, he puts an example of
+the Broth of a Cock, which moves the Belly; and the flesh hath the
+vertue to bind. He puts also the example of the _Aloes_, which if it
+be washt, looseth the Purgative vertue; or that which it hath, is but
+weake.
+
+That this differing vertue, and faculty, is found in divers
+substances, or parts of simple Medicaments, _Gallen_ shewes in the
+first Booke of his simple Medicines, and the seventeenth Chapter,
+bringing the example of Milke; in which, three substances are found,
+and separated, that is to say, the substance of Cheese, which hath the
+vertue to stop the Fluxe of the Belly; and the substance of Whay,
+which is purging; and Butter, as it is expressed in the said _Gallen_,
+_Cap. 15._ Also we finde in Wine which is in the Must, three
+substances, that is to say, earth, which is the chiefe; and a thinner
+substance, which is the flower, and may be called the scum, or froath:
+and a third substance which we properly call Wine; And every one of
+these substances, containes in it selfe divers qualities, and vertues;
+in the colour, in the smell, and in other Accidents.
+
+_Aristotle_ in the fourth Book of the Meteors and the first Chapter,
+treating of Putrefaction, he found the same substances; and in the
+second Chapter next following, where he that is curious may read it.
+And also by the Doctrine of _Galen_, and of _Aristotle_, divers
+substances are attributed to every of the mixt under one and the same
+forme and quantity; which is very conformable to reason, if we
+consider, that every Aliment be it never so simple, begets, and
+produceth in the liver, foure humours, not onely differing in temper,
+but also in substance; and begets more or lesse of that humour,
+according as that Aliment hath more or fewer parts corresponding to
+the substance of that humour, which is most ingendred. And so in cold
+diseases, we give warme nourishment; and cold nourishment, in hot
+diseases.
+
+From which evident examples, and many others, which we might produce
+to this purpose, we may gather, that, when we grind and stir the
+_Cacao_, the divers parts, which Nature hath given it, doe
+artificially, and intimately mixe themselves one with another; and so
+the unctuous, warme, and moist parts, mingled with the earthy (as we
+have said of the steele) represses, and leaves them not so binding, as
+they were before; but rather with a mediocritie, more inclining to the
+warme, and moist temper of the Aire, then to the cold and dry of the
+Earth; as it doth appeare when it is made fit to drinke; that you
+scarce give it two turnes with the Molinet when there riseth a fatty
+scumme: by which you may see how much it partaketh of the Oylie part.
+
+From which doctrine I gather, that the Author of _Marchena_, was in an
+errour, who, writing of _Chocolate_, saith that it causeth Opilations,
+because _Cacao_ is astringent; as if that astriction were not
+corrected, by the intimate mixing of one part with another, by meanes
+of the grinding, as is said before. Besides, it having so many
+ingredients, which are naturally hot, it must of necessity have this
+effect; that is to say, to open, attenuate, and not to binde; and,
+indeed, there is no cause of bringing more examples, or producing more
+reasons, for this truth, then that which we see in the _Cacao_ it
+self: which, if it be not stirred, and compounded, as aforesaid, to
+make the _Chocolate_. But eating of it, as it is in the fruite, as the
+_Criollas_ eate it in the _Indies_, it doth notably obstruct, and
+cause stoppings; for no other cause but this, that the divers
+substances which it containes, are not perfectly mingled by the
+mastication onely, but require the artificiall mixture, which we have
+spoken of before.
+
+Besides, our Adversary should have considered, and called to his
+memory, the first rudiments of Philosophy, that _ą dicto secundum
+quid, ad dictum simpliciter, non valet consequentia_; As it is not
+enough to say, the Black-a-Moore is white, because his teeth are
+white; for he may be blacke, though he hath white teeth; and so it is
+not enough to say, that the _Cacao_ is stopping; and therefore the
+Confection, which is made of it, is also stopping.
+
+The Tree, which beares this fruit, is so delicate; and the earth,
+where it growes, is so extreme hot, that to keepe the tree from being
+consumed by the Sun, they first plant other trees; and when they are
+growne up to a good height, then they plant the _Cacao_ trees; that
+when it first shewes it selfe above the ground, those trees which are
+already growne, may shelter it from the Sunne; and the fruit doth not
+grow naked, but ten or twelve of them are in one Gorde or Cod, which
+is of the bignesse of a greate black Figge, or bigger, and of the same
+forme, and colour.
+
+There are two sorts of _Cacao_; the one is common, which is of a gray
+colour, inclining towards red; the other is broader and bigger, which
+they call _Patlaxte_, and this is white, and more drying; whereby it
+causeth watchfulnesse, and drives away sleepe, and therefore it is not
+so usefull, as the ordinary. This shall suffice to be said of the
+_Cacao_.
+
+And as for the rest of the ingredients, which make our _Chocolaticall_
+Confection, there is notable variety; because some doe put into it
+black Pepper, and also _Tauasco_[A]; which is not proper, because it
+is so hot and dry; but onely for one, who hath a very cold Liver. And
+of this opinion, was a certaine Doctor of the University of _Mexico_,
+of whom a Religious man of good credit told me, that he finding the
+ordinary round Pepper was not fit to bring his purpose about, and to
+the end, he might discover, whether the long red pepper were more
+proper, he made triall upon the liver of a Sheepe; and putting the
+ordinary pepper on one side, and the red pepper[B] on the other, after
+24 hours, the part, where the ordinary pepper lay, was dryed up; and
+the other part continued moist, as if nothing had bin thrown upon it.
+
+    [A] A red roote like madder.
+
+    [B] Chile.
+
+The Receipt of him who wrote at _Marchena_, is this: Of _Cacaos_, 700;
+of white Sugar, one pound and a halfe; Cinnamon, 2. ounces; of long
+red pepper, 14. of Cloves, halfe an ounce: Three Cods of the Logwood
+or Campeche tree; or in steade of that, the weight of 2. Reals, or a
+shilling of Anniseeds; as much of _Agiote_, as will give the colour,
+which is about the quantity of a Hasell-nut. Some put in Almons,
+kernells of Nuts, and Orenge-flower-water.
+
+Concerning this Receipt I shall first say, This shooe will not fit
+every foote; but for those, who have diseases, or are inclining to be
+infirme, you may either adde, or take away, according to the
+necessity, and temperature of every one: and I hold it not amisse,
+that Sugar be put into it, when it is drunke, so that it be according
+to the quantity I shall hereafter set downe. And sometimes they make
+Tablets of the Sugar, and the _Chocolate_ together: which they doe
+onely to please the Pallats, as the Dames of _Mexico_ doe use it; and
+they are there sold in shops, and are confected and eaten like other
+sweet-meats. For the Cloves, which are put into this drinke, by the
+Author aforesaid, the best Writers of this Composition use them not;
+peradventure upon this reason: that although they take away the ill
+savour of the mouth, they binde; as a learned Writer hath exprest in
+these verses:
+
+  Foetorem emendat oris Cariophilia foedum;
+  Constringunt ventrem, primaque membra juvant.
+
+  _Cloves doe perfume a stincking Breath, and Bind
+  The Belly; Hence the prime members comfort find._
+
+And because they are binding (and hot and dry in the third degree)
+they must not be used, though they help the chiefe parts of
+Concoction, which are the Stomacke and the Liver, as appeares by the
+Verses before recited.
+
+The Huskes or Cods of Logwood, or Campeche, are very good, and smell
+like Fennell; and every one puts in of these, because they are not
+very hot; though it excuse not the putting in of Annis-seed, as sayes
+the Author of this Receipt; for there is no _Chocolate_ without it,
+because it is good for many cold diseases, being hot in the third
+degree; and to temper the coldnesse of the _Cacao_; and that it may
+appeare, it helpes the indisposition of Cold parts, I will cite the
+Verses of one curious in this Art:
+
+  Morbosus renes, vesicam, guttura, vulnam,
+  Intestina, jecur, cumque lyene caput
+  Confortat, variisque Anisum subdita morbis
+  Membra: istud tantum vim leve semen habet.
+
+  _The Reyns, the Bladder, throat, & thing between--
+  Enatrailes and Liver, with the Head, and spleen
+  And other Parts, by [C] it are comforted:
+  So great a vertue's in that little seed._
+
+    [C] Annis.
+
+The quantity of a Nut of the _Achiote_[D] is too little to colour the
+quantity made according to his Receipt; and therefore, he that makes
+it, may put in it, as much as he thinkes fit.
+
+    [D] Ta-asco.
+
+Those, who adde Almons, and Nuts, doe not ill; because they give it
+more body and substance then _Maiz_ or _Paniso_[E], which others use;
+and for my part, I should always put it into _Chocolate_, for Almonds
+(besides what I have said of them before) are moderately hot, and have
+a thinne juice; but you must not use new Almons, as a learned Author
+sayes in these Verses.
+
+     [E] A graine like Millet.
+
+  Dat modice calidum dulcisque Amigdala succum,
+  Et tenuem; inducunt plurima damna nova.
+
+  _New Almonds yeild a Hot and slender juice,
+  But bring new mischiefs by too often use._
+
+
+And the small Nuts are not ill for our purpose; for they have almost
+the temper, which the Almons have; onely because they are dryer, they
+come nearer the temper of Choler; and doe therefore strengthen the
+Belly, and the Stomacke, being dryed: for so they must be used for the
+Confection; and they preserve the head from those vapours, which rise
+from the Belly: as it appeares by the said Author in these Verses.
+
+  Bilis Avellanam sequitur; sed roborat alvum
+  Ventris, & a fumis liberat assa caput.
+
+  _Filberds breed Chollar, Th' Belly Fortifie,
+  Benzoin the Head frees from Fumosity._
+
+And therefore they are proper for such as are troubled with
+ventuosities, and _Hypochondriacall_ vapours, which offend the brain,
+and there cause such troublesome dreames, and sad imaginations.
+
+Those who mixe _Maiz_ or _Paniso_ in the _Chocolate_ doe very ill;
+because those graines doe beget a very melancholly humour: as the same
+Author expresseth in these Verses.
+
+  Crassa melancholicum pręstant tibi Panica succum
+  Siccant, si penas membra, gelantque foris.
+
+  _Grosse Eares of Corne have Cholorique juice (no doubt)
+  Which dries, if taken inward; cooles without._
+
+It is also apparantly windy; and those which mixe it in this
+_Confection_, doe it onely for their profit, by encreasing the
+quantity of the _Chocolate_; because every _Fanega_ or measure of [F]
+_Grani_ containing about a Bushell and a halfe, is sold for eight
+shillings, and they sell this _Confection_ for foure shillings a
+pound, which is the ordinary price of the _Chocolate_.
+
+    [F] Maiz, or Indian Wheat
+
+The _Cinamon_ is hot and dry in the third degree; it provokes Urine,
+and helps the Kidneys and Reynes of those who are troubled with cold
+diseases; and it is good for the eyes; and in effect, it is cordiall;
+as appeares by the Author of these Verses.
+
+  Commoda & urinę Cinnamomum, & renibus
+  Lumina clarificat, dira venena fugat.   (affert:
+
+  _Cinnamon helps the Reines and Urine well,
+  It cleares the Eyes, and Poison doth expell._
+
+The _Achiote_ hath a piercing attenuating quality, as appeareth by the
+common practice of the Physitians in the _Indies_, experienced daily
+in the effects of it, who doe give it to their Patients, to cut, and
+attenuate the grosse humours, which doe cause shortnesse of breath,
+and stopping of urine; and so it may be used for any kind of
+Opilations; for we give it for the stoppings, which are in the breast,
+or in the Region of the belly, or any other part of the Body.
+
+And concerning the long red Peper, there are foure sorts of it. One is
+called _Chilchotes_: the other very little, which they call
+_Chilterpin_; and these two kinds, are very quicke and biting. The
+other two are called _Tonalchiles_, and these are moderately hot; for
+they are eaten with bread, as they eate other fruits, & they are of a
+yellow colour; and they grow onely about the Townes, which are in, and
+adjoyning to the Lake of _Mexico_. The other Pepper is called
+_Chilpaclagua_, which hath a broad huske, and this is not so biting as
+the first; nor so gentle as the last, and is that, which is usually
+put into the _Chocolate_.
+
+There are also other ingredients, which are used in this _Confection_.
+One called _Mechasuchil_; and another which they call _Vinecaxtli_,
+which in the _Spanish_ they call _Orejuelas_, which are sweet smelling
+Flowers, Aromaticall and hot. And the _Mechasuchil_ hath a Purgative
+quality; for in the _Indies_ they make a purging portion of it. In
+stead of this, in _Spaine_ they put into the _Confection_, powder of
+_Alexandria_, for opening the Belly.
+
+I have spoken of all these Ingredients, that every one may make choise
+of those which please him best, or are most proper for infirmities.
+
+
+
+
+_The second Point._
+
+
+As concerning the second point, I say, as I have said before, that
+though it be true, that the _Cacao_ is mingled with all these
+Ingredients, which are hot; yet there is to be a greater quantity of
+_Cacao_, then of all the rest of the Ingredients, which serve to
+temper the coldnesse of the _Cacao_: Just as when we seek, of two
+Medicines of contrary qualities, to compound one, which shall be of a
+moderate temper: In the same manner doth result the same action and
+re-action of the cold parts of the _Cacao_, and of the hot parts of
+the other ingredients, which makes the _Chocolate_ of so moderate a
+quality, that it differs very little from a mediocrity; and when there
+is not put in any ordinary pepper, or Cloves, but onely a little
+Annisseed (as I shall shew hereafter) we may boldly say, that it is
+very temperate. And this may be proved by reason, and experience:
+(supposing that which _Gallen_ sayes, to be true, that every mixt
+Medicine, warmeth the cold, and cooleth the hot; bringing the examples
+of Oyle of _Roses_.) By experience, I say, that in the _Indies_ (as is
+the custom of that countrey) I comming in a heat to visite a sick
+person, and asking water to refresh me, they perswaded mee to take a
+Draught of _Chocolate_; which quencht my thirst: & in the morning (if
+I took it fasting) it did warme and comfort my stomack. Now let us
+prove it by reason. Wee have already proved, that all the parts of the
+_Cacao_ are not cold. For we have made it appeare that the unctuous
+parts, which are many, be all hot, or temperate: then, though it be
+true, that the quantity of the _Cacao_ is greater than of all the rest
+of the ingredients, yet the cold parts are at the most, not halfe so
+many as the hot; and if for all this they should be more, yet by
+stirring, & mangling of the warme unctuous parts, they are much
+qualified. And, on the other side, it being mixt with the other
+Ingredients, which are hot in the second and third degree, being the
+predominant quality, it must needs be brought to a mediocrity. Like as
+two men, who shake hands, the one being hot, and the other cold, the
+one hand borrows heat, and the other is made colder; and in
+conclusion, neither hand retaines the cold, or heat it had before, but
+both of them remain more temperate. So like-wise two men, who go to
+wrestle, at the first they are in their full vigour and strength; but
+after they have strugled a while, their force lessens by degrees, till
+at last they are both much weaker, than when they began to wrestle.
+And _Aristotle_ was also of this opinion in his fourth Booke of the
+Nature of Beasts, _cap. 3._ Where he sayes, that every Agent suffers
+with the patient; as that which cuts, is made dul by the thing it
+cuts; that which warmes, cooles it selfe; and that which thrusts, or
+forceth forward, is in some sort driven bake it selfe.
+
+From whence I gather, that it is better to use _Chocolate_, after it
+hath beene made some time, a Moneth at the least. I believe this time
+to be necessary, for breaking the contrary qualities of the severall
+Ingredients, and to bring the Drinke to a moderate temper. For, as it
+alwayes falls out at the first, that every contrary will have its
+predominancy, and will worke his owne effects, Nature not liking well
+to be heated and cooled, at the same time. And this is the cause why
+_Gallen_ in his twelfth Booke of _Method_, doth advise not to use
+_Philonium_, till after a yeare, or, at the least, six moneths;
+because it is a composition made of _Opium_ (which is cold in the
+fourth degree) and of Pepper, and other Ingredients, which are hot in
+the third degree. This Theorum, and Doctrine, is made good by the
+practise, which some have made, of whom I have asked, what _Chocolate_
+did best agree with them? and they have affirmed, that the best is
+that which hath beene made some moneths: and that the new doth hurt by
+loosening the Stomack; And, in my opinion, the reason of it is, that
+the unctuous or fat parts, are not altogether corrected, by the earthy
+parts of the _Cacao_. And this I shall thus prove; for, as I shall
+declare hereafter, if you make the _Chocolate_ boyle, when you drinke
+it, the boyling of it divides that fat and oyly part; and that makes a
+relaxation in the Stomacke in the old _Chocolate_, as well as if it
+were new.
+
+So that I conclude in this second point, that the _Chocolaticall
+Confection_ is not so cold as the _Cacao_, nor so hot as the rest of
+the Ingredients; but there results from the action and re-action of
+these Ingredients, a moderate temper which may be good, both for the
+cold and hot stomacks, being taken moderately, as shall be declared
+hereafter; and it having beene made a moneth at the least; as is
+already proved. And so I know not why any many having made experience
+of this _Confection_ (which is composed, as it ought to be, for every
+particular) should speake ill of it. Besides, where it is so much
+used, the most, if not all, as well in the _Indies_, as in _Spain_,
+finde, it agreeth well with them. He of _Merchena_ had no ground in
+saying, that it did cause Opilations. For, if it were so, the Liver
+being obstructed, it would extenuate its subject; and by experience,
+we see to the contrary, that it makes fat; the reason whereof I shall
+shew hereafter. And this shall suffice for the second Point.
+
+
+
+
+_The third Point._
+
+
+Having treated in the first poynt, of the definition of _Chocolate_,
+the quality of the _Cacao_, and of the other Ingredients; and in the
+second Point, of the Complexion, which results from the mixture of
+them; There remaines now in the third poynt, to shew the way how to
+mingle them: And first I will bring the best Receipt, and the most to
+the purpose, that I could find out; although it be true which I have
+said, that one Receipt cannot be given, which shall be proper for all;
+that is to be understood of those, who are sick; for those that are
+strong, and in health, this may serve: and for the other (as I have
+said in the conclusion of the first Poynt) every one may make choyse
+of the Ingredients, as they may be usefull, to this, or that part of
+his body.
+
+
+_The Receipt is this._
+
+To every 100. _Cacaos_, you must put two cods of the[G] long red
+Pepper, of which I have spoken before, and are called in the _Indian_
+Tongue, _Chilparlagua_; and in stead of those of the _Indies_, you may
+take those of _Spaine_ which are broadest, & least hot. One handfull
+of Annis-seed _Orejuelas_, which are otherwise called _Pinacaxlidos_:
+and two of the flowers, called _Mechasuchil_, if the Belly be bound.
+But in stead of this, in _Spaine_, we put in six Roses of _Alexandria_
+beat to Powder: One Cod of _Campeche_, or Logwood: Two Drams of
+Cinamon; Almons, and Hasle-Nuts, of each one Dozen: Of white Sugar,
+halfe a pound: of _Achiote_ enough to give it the colour. And if you
+cannot have those things, which come from the _Indies_, you may make
+it with the rest.
+
+    [G] Chiles
+
+
+_The way of Compounding._
+
+The _Cacao_, and the other Ingredients must be beaten in a Morter of
+Stone, or ground upon a broad stone, which the _Indians_ call
+_Metate_, and is onely made for that use: But the first thing that is
+to be done, is to dry the Ingredients, all except the _Achiote_; with
+care that they may be beaten to powder, keeping them still in
+stirring, that they be not burnt, or become black; and if they be
+over-dried, they will be bitter, and lose their vertue. The Cinamon,
+and the long red Pepper are to be first beaten, with the Annis-seed;
+and then beate the _Cacao_, which you must beate by a little and
+little, till it be all powdred; and sometimes turne it round in the
+beating, that it may mixe the better: And every one of these
+Ingredients, must be beaten by it selfe; and then put all the
+Ingredients into the Vessell, where the _Cacao_ is; which you must
+stirre together with a spoone; and then take out that Paste, and put
+it into the Morter, under which you must lay a little fire, after the
+_Confection_ is made. But you must be very carefull, not to put more
+fire, than will warme it, that the unctuous part doe not dry away. And
+you must also take care, to put in the _Achiote_ in the beating; that
+it may the better take the colour. You must Searse all the
+Ingredients, but onely the _Cacao_; and if you take the shell from the
+_Cacao_, it is the better; and when you shall find it to be well
+beaten, & incorporated (which you shall know by the shortness of it)
+then with a spoone take up some of the Paste, which will be almost
+liquid; and so either make it into Tablets; or put it into Boxes; and
+when it is cold it will be hard. To make the Tablets you must put a
+spoonfull of the Paste upon a piece of paper, the _Indians_ put it
+upon the leaf of a _Planten-tree_; where, being put into the shade, it
+growes hard; and then bowing the paper, the Tablet falls off, by
+reason of the fatnesse of the paste. But if you put it into any thing
+of earth, or wood, it sticks fast, and will not come off, but with
+scraping, or breaking. In the _Indies_ they take it two severall
+waies: the one, being the common way, is to take it hot, with
+_Atolle_, which was the Drinke of Ancient _Indians_ (the _Indians_
+call _Atolle_ pappe, made of the flower of _Maiz_, and so they mingle
+it with the _Chocolate_, and that the _Atolle_ may be more wholesome,
+they take off the Husks of the _Maiz_, which is windy, and melancholy;
+and so there remaines onely the best and most substantiall part.) Now,
+to returne to the matter, I say, that the other Moderne drinke, which
+the Spaniards use so much, is of two sorts. The one is, that the
+_Chocolate_, being dissolved with cold water, & the scumme taken off,
+and put into another Vessell, the remainder is put upon the fire, with
+Sugar; and when it is warme, then powre it upon the Scumme you tooke
+off before, and so drinke it. The other is to warme the water; and
+then, when you have put it into a pot, or dish, as much _Chocolate_ as
+you thinke fit, put in a little of the warme water, and then grinde it
+well with the molinet; and when it is well ground, put the rest of the
+warme water to it; and so drinke it with Sugar.
+
+Besides these former wayes, there is one other way; which is, put the
+_Chocolate_ into a pipkin, with a little water; and let it boyle well,
+till it be dissolved; and then put in sufficient water and Sugar,
+according to the quantity of the _Chocolate_; and then boyle it
+againe, untill there comes an oyly scumme upon it; and then drinke it.
+But if you put too much fire, it will runne over, and spoyle. But, in
+my opinion, this last way is not so wholsome, though it pleaseth the
+pallate better; because, when the Oily is divided from the earthy
+part, which remaines at the bottome, it causeth Melancholy; and the
+oily part loosens the stomacke, and takes away the appetite: There is
+another way to drink _Chocolate_, which is cold; and it takes its name
+from the principall Ingredient, and is called _Cacao_; which they use
+at feasts, to refresh themselves; and it is made after this manner.
+The _Chocolate_ being dissolved in water with the _Molinet_, take off
+the scumme or crassy part, which riseth in greater quantity, when the
+_Cacao_ is older, and more putrified. The scumme is laid aside by it
+selfe in a little dish; and then put sugar into that part, from whence
+you tooke the scumme; and powre it from on high into the scumme; and
+so drink it cold. And this drink is so cold, that it agreeth not with
+all mens stomacks; for by experience we find the hurt it doth, by
+causing paines in the stomacke, and especially to Women. I could
+deliver the reason of it; but I avoid it, because I will not be
+tedious, some use it, &c.
+
+There is another way to drinke it cold, which is called _Cacao
+Penoli_; and it is done, by adding to the same _Chocolate_ (having
+made the _Confection_, as is before set downe) so much _Maiz_, dryed,
+and well ground, and taken from the Huske, and then well mingled in
+the Morter, with the _Chocolate_, it falls all into flowre, or dust; &
+so these things being mingled, as is said before, there riseth the
+Scum; and so you take and drink it, as before.
+
+There is another way, which is a shorter and quicker way of making it,
+for men of businesse, who cannot stay long about it; and it is more
+wholsome; and it is that, which I use. That is, first to set some
+water to warm; and while it warms, you throw a Tablet, or some
+_Chocolate_, scraped, and mingled with sugar, into a little Cup; and
+when the water is hot, you powre the water to the _Chocolate_, and
+then dissolve it with the Molinet; and then without taking off the
+scum, drink it as is before directed.
+
+
+
+
+_The fourth Part._
+
+
+There remaines to be handled in the last Point, of the Quantity, which
+is to be drunke: at what Time; and by what persons: because if it be
+drunk beyond measure, not onely of _Chocolate_, but of all other
+drinkes, or meates, though of themselves they are good and wholsome,
+they may be hurtfull. And if any finde it Opilative, it comes by the
+too much use of it; as when one drinkes over much Wine, in stead of
+comforting, and warming himselfe, he breeds, and nourisheth cold
+diseases; because Nature cannot overcome it, nor turne so great a
+quantity into good nourishment. So he that drinkes much _Chocolate_,
+which hath fat parts, cannot make distribution of so great a quantity
+to all the parts; and that part which remaines in the slender veines
+of the Liver, must needs cause Opilations, and Obstructions.
+
+To avoid this inconvenience; you must onely take five or six ounces,
+in the morning, if it be in winter; and if the party who takes it, be
+Cholerick, in stead of ordinary water, let him take the distilled
+water of Endive. The same reason serves in Summer, for those, who take
+it physically, having the Liver hot and obstructed. If his Liver be
+cold and obstructed, then to use the water of _Rubarb_. And to
+conclude, you may take it till the Moneth of _May_, especially in
+temperate dayes. But I doe not approve, that in the Dogdayes it should
+be taken in _Spaine_, unlesse it be one, who by custome of taking it,
+receives no prejudice by it. And if he be of a hot Constitution, and
+that he have neede to take it in that season, let it, as is said
+before, be mingled with water of _Endive_; and once in foure dayes,
+and chiefely when he findes his stomacke in the morning to be weake
+and fainting. And though it be true, that, in the _Indies_, they use
+it all the yeare long, it being a very hot Countrey, and so it may
+seeme by the same reason it may be taken in _Spaine_: First, I say,
+that Custome may allow it: Secondly, that as there is an extraordinary
+proportion of heate, so there is also of moisture; which helpes, with
+the exorbitant heat, to open the pores; and so dissipates, and
+impoverisheth our substance, or naturall vigor: by reason whereof, not
+only in the morning, but at any time of the day, they use it without
+prejudice. And this is most true, that the excessive heate of the
+Country, drawes out the naturall heate, and disperseth that of the
+stomack and of the inward parts: Insomuch that though the weather be
+never so hot, yet the stomack being cold, it usually doth good. I do
+not onely say this of the _Chocolate_, which, as I have proved, hath a
+moderate heate; But if you drinke pure wine, be the weather never so
+hot, it hurts not, but rather comforts the stomack; and if in hot
+weather you drinke water, the hurt it doth is apparant, in that it
+cooles the stomack too much; from whence comes a viciated Concoction,
+and a thousand other inconveniences.
+
+You must also observe, that it being granted, as I have said, that
+there are earthy parts in the _Cacao_, which fall to the bottome of
+the Cup, when you make the drinke, divers are of the opinion, that,
+that which remaines, is the best and the more substantiall; and they
+hurt themselves not a litle, by drinking of it. For besides, that it
+is an earthy substance, thick, and stopping, it is of a malancholy
+Nature; and therefore you must avoid the drinking of it, contenting
+your selfe with the best, which is the most substantiall.
+
+Last of all, there rests one difficulty to be resolved, formerly
+poynted at; namely, what is the cause, why _Chocolate_ makes most of
+them that drinke it, fat. For considering that all of the Ingredients,
+except the _Cacao_, do rather extenuate, than make fat, because they
+are hot and dry in the third degree. For we have already said, that
+the qualities which do predominate in _Cacao_, are cold, and dry;
+which are very unfit to adde any substance to the body. Neverthelesse,
+I say, that the many unctuous parts, which I have proved to be in the
+_Cacao_, are those, which pinguifie, and make fat; and the hotter
+ingredients of this Composition, serve for a guide, or vehicall, to
+passe to the Liver, and the other parts, untill they come to the
+fleshy parts; and there finding a like substance, which is hot and
+moyst, as is the unctuous part, converting it selfe into the same
+substance, it doth augment and pinguifie. Much more might be said from
+the ground of Philosophy, and Physique; but because that is fitter for
+the Schooles, than for this discourse; I leave it, and onely give this
+Caution, that in my Receipt, you may adde Mellon seeds, and seeds of
+Pompions of _Valencia_, dryed, and beaten into powder, where there is
+any heat of the Liver or Kidnyes. And if there be any obstructions of
+the Liver, or Spleene, with any cold distemper, you may mixe the
+powder of _Ceterach_; to which you may adde Amber, or Muske, to please
+the scent.
+
+And it will be no small matter, to have pleased all, with this
+Discourse.
+
+
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+
+
+                 How to make use of the _Chocolate_,
+                  to be taken as a drinke, exceeding
+                     cordiall for the comfort of
+                     the healthfull, and also for
+                 those in weaknesse and Consumptions,
+                  to be dissolved in Milke or Water.
+
+
+_If you please to take it in milke, to a quart, three ounces of
+_Chocolate_ will be sufficient: Scrape your _Chocolate_ very fine, put
+it into your milke when it boiles, work it very well with the
+_Spanish_ Instrument called _Molenillo_ between your hands: which
+Instrument must be of wood, with a round knob made very round, and cut
+ragged, that as you turne it in your hands, the milke may froth and
+dissolve the _Chocolate_ the better: then set the milke on the fire
+againe, untill it be ready to boyle: having the yelke of two eggs well
+beaten with some of the hot milke; then put your eggs into the milke,
+and _Chocolate_ and _Sugar_, as much as you like for your taste, and
+worke all together with the _Molenillo_, and thus drinke a good
+draught: or if you please you may slice a little Manchet into a dish,
+and so eate it for a breakfast: you may if you please make your
+_Chocolate_ with Water and Sugar, working it after the same order with
+your _Molenillo_, which for some weake stomacks may chance to be
+better liked. And many there be that beat Almonds, and strayne them
+into the water it is boyled, and wrought with the _Chocolate_ and
+Sugar: others like to put the yelkes of eggs as before in the milke,
+and even sweeten it with Sugar to your taste: If you drinke a good
+draught of this in a morning, you may travell all the day without any
+other thing, this is so Substantiall and Cordiall._
+
+
+
+
+_The manner of making_ Chocolate.
+
+
+Set a Pot of Conduit Water over the fire untill it boiles, then to
+every person that is to drink, put an ounce of _Chocolate_, with as
+much Sugar into another Pot; wherein you must poure a pint of the said
+boiling Water, and therein mingle the _Chocolate_ and the Sugar, with
+the instrument called _El Molinillo_, untill it be thoroughly
+incorporated: which done, poure in as many halfe pints of the said
+Water as there be ounces of _Chocolate_, and if you please, you may
+put in one or two yelks of fresh Eggs, which must be beaten untill
+they froth very much; the hotter it is drunke, the better it is, being
+cold it may doe harme. You may likewise put in a slice of white bred
+or Bisquet, and eate that with the _Chocolate_. The newer and fresher
+made it is, the more benefit you shall finde by it; that which comes
+from forreigne parts, and is stale, is not so good as that which is
+made here.
+
+
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+
+In general, spelling and punctuation are as found. Changes have been
+made as follows:
+
+Sidenotes/footnotes:
+  Sidenotes converted to footnotes.
+  Markers [A], [B], [D], and [E] were placed where it seemed most
+    appropriate. Other markers were left where they occurred in the text.
+  Footnote [D] "Ta-asco." is unclear in the scan and was left as found.
+
+Title Page:
+  The date 1652 is from the catalogue entry. The last digit is
+    obscured (165?) in the original.
+  Colminero changed to Colmenero (matches other occurrences in the text).
+
+Poem:
+  Original in Italic with Roman emphasis.
+  Chonolate changed to Chocolate in "Then _weaned_ be from _Chocolate_."
+
+First Point:
+  re-received changed to received in "according to the common received
+    opinion,"
+  an-answered changed to answered in "two things to be answered:"
+  primaq; expanded to primaque in "primaque membra juvant"
+  Removed duplicated word "it" in "though it excuse not"
+  cumq; expanded to cumque in "cumque lyene caput"
+  dulcisq; expanded to dulcisque in "dulcisque Amigdala succum"
+  comm[~o] expanded to common in "appeareth by the common practice"
+
+Second Point:
+  Cocao changed to Cacao in "_Cacao_, and of the hot parts"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by 
+Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
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+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by 
+Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke
+       By the wise and Moderate use whereof, Health is preserved,
+              Sicknesse Diverted, and Cured, especially the Plague of
+              the Guts; vulgarly called _The New Disease_; Fluxes,
+              Consumptions, & Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry other
+              desperate Diseases. By it also, Conception is Caused, the
+              Birth Hastened and facilitated, Beauty Gain'd and continued.
+
+Author: Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
+Translator: James Wadsworth
+
+Release Date: May 2, 2007 [EBook #21271]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHOCOLATE: OR, AN INDIAN DRINKE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Barbara Tozier and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div id="the_beginning">&nbsp;</div>
+<div id="title_page"><!--Page i-->
+	<h1 id="title"><span class="main_title">CHOCOLATE:</span><br />
+	<span class="connector">OR,</span><br />
+	<span class="subtitle">An <em>Indian</em> Drinke.</span></h1>
+	<p id="continued_title">
+		<span class="larger_size">By the wise and Moderate use whereof,<br />
+		Health is preserved, Sicknesse<br /></span>
+		<span class="medium_size">Diverted, and Cured, especially the<br />
+		Plague of the Guts; vulgarly called<br /></span>
+		<em>The New Disease</em>; Fluxes, Consumptions,<br />
+		&amp; Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry<br />
+		other desperate Diseases. By it<br />
+		also, Conception is Caused,<br />
+		the Birth Hastened and<br />
+		facilitated, Beauty<br />
+		Gain&#8217;d and continued.
+	</p>
+	<p id="authorship">
+		Written Originally in <em>Spanish</em>, by <em id="original_author">Antonio <ins class="errata" id="errata_0" title="Original reads: Colminero">Colmenero</ins></em><br />
+		of <em>Ledesma</em>, Doctor in Physicke,<br />
+		<span class="smaller_size">and faithfully rendred in the <em>English</em>,</span>
+	</p>
+	<p id="translator">By Capt. <em class="special_name">James Wadsworth</em>.</p>
+	<p id="publishing_information">
+		<span class="pub_city">LONDON,</span><br />
+		Printed by <em id="printer">J. G.</em> for <em id="publisher">Iohn Dakins</em>, dwelling<br />
+		<span class="smaller_size">neare the <em>Vine Taverne</em> in <em>Holborne</em>,<br />
+		where this Tract, together with the<br />
+		<em>Chocolate</em> it selfe, may be had at<br />
+		reasonable rates. <ins class="errata" id="errata_1" title="Original reads: 165?">1652</ins></span>
+	</p>
+</div>
+<!--Page ii [Blank Page]-->
+<div id="translators_dedication_1" class="section">
+	<!--Page iii-->
+	<h2 class="dedication"><a class="print_signature" id="signature_A3" title="A3"></a><span class="smaller_size">TO</span><br />
+	<span class="dedicatee">THE GENTRY</span><br />
+	<span class="smaller_size">OF</span><br />
+	The <em class="special_name">English</em> Nation.
+	</h2>
+
+	<p class="salutation">Sirs,</p>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">The ensuing Tract, I, many
+	yeares since Translated out of
+	the Originall <em>Spanish</em>, and
+	Dedicated to the Right Honorable
+	<em>Edward</em> Lord <em>Conway</em>,
+	&amp;c. by whose Noble Patronage, the
+	Confection whereof it Treats, together with
+	it selfe, were first admitted into the <em>English</em>
+	Court, where they received the Approbation
+	of the most Noble and Iuditious those dayes
+	afforded. Since which time, it hath beene
+	universally sought for, and thirsted after
+	by people of all Degrees (especially those of
+	the Female sex) either for the Pleasure
+	therein Naturally Residing, to Cure, and
+	divert Diseases; Or else to supply some
+	<!--Page iv-->Defects of Nature, wherein it chalenges
+	a speciall Prerogative above all other
+	Medicines whatsoever.</p>
+
+	<p>The Author thereof was one <em>Antonio
+	Colmenero</em> of <em>Ledesma</em>, who sometimes
+	lived in the <em>West Indies</em>, where it is very
+	much used, and held in great esteeme, untill
+	this day; as also in <em>Spaine</em>, <em>Italy</em>, and
+	<em>Flanders</em>, and admired by the most learned
+	Doctors of all those Nations.</p>
+	<p>As for the Name <em>[Chocolate]</em> it is an
+	<em>Indian</em> word, compounded of <em>Ate</em> (as some
+	say,) or (as others) <em>Atle</em>, which in the
+	<em>Mexican Language</em>, signifieth <em>Water</em>; And
+	<em>Choco</em>, the noise that the Water (wherein
+	the <em>Chocolate</em> is put) maketh, when it is
+	stirred in a Cup, untill it Bubble and rise
+	unto a Froth:  And may be called in
+	<em>English</em> A Compounded, or Confectioned
+	drinke.</p>
+
+	<p>The Confection it selfe, consists of severall
+	Ingredients according to the different
+	Constitutions of those that use it:  the Principall
+	of which is called <em>Cacao</em>, [a kind of
+	Nut, or kernell, bigger then a great Almond,
+	which growes upon a tree called the
+	<!--Page v--><a class="print_signature" id="signature_A4" title="A4"></a>Tree of <em>Cacao</em>] containing in it the Quality
+	of the Foure Elements, as will appeare in
+	the following Discourse.</p>
+
+	<p>The vertues thereof are no lesse various,
+	then Admirable. For, besides that it preserves
+	Health, and makes such as drink it
+	often, Fat, and Corpulent, faire and Amiable,
+	it vehemently Incites to <em>Venus</em>, and
+	causeth Conception in women, hastens and
+	facilitates their Delivery: It is an excellent
+	help to Digestion, it cures Consumptions,
+	and the Cough of the Lungs, the
+	New Disease, or Plague of the Guts, and
+	other Fluxes, the Green Sicknesse, Jaundise,
+	and all manner of Inflamations, Opilations,
+	and Obstructions. It quite takes
+	away the Morphew, Cleanseth the Teeth,
+	and sweetneth the Breath, Provokes Urine,
+	Cures the Stone, and strangury, Expells
+	Poison, and preserves from all infectious
+	Diseases.</p>
+
+	<p>But I shall not assume to enumerate all
+	the vertues of this Confection: for that
+	were Impossible, every day producing New
+	and Admirable effects in such as drinke it:
+	I shall rather referre to the Testimony of
+	<!--Page vi-->those Noble Personages who are known constantly
+	to use and receive constant and manifold
+	benefits by it, having hereby no other
+	Aime then the Generall good of this
+	Common-wealth (whereof I am a Faithfull
+	Member) and to be esteemed (as really
+	I am)</p>
+
+	<div class="closing">
+		<p>Gentlemen,</p>
+		<p class="sincerely">Your Affectionate Friend<br />
+			to love and serve you,</p>
+		<p class="signed">
+			Don Diego de Vadesforte.
+		</p>
+	</div>
+
+	<p id="location">Westminster<br />
+		<span class="sign_date">Decemb.</span> 20.<br />
+		1651.
+	</p>
+</div>
+<div id="translators_poem" class="section">
+
+	<h2 id="poem_title"><!--Page vii--><em class="main_title">THE TRANSLATOR</em>,<br />
+	<span class="larger_size">To every Individuall Man,</span><br />
+	and Woman, Learn&#8217;d, or unlearn&#8217;d,<br />
+	Honest, or Dishonest: In the<br />
+	due Praise of Divine<br />
+	<em class="more_emphasis">CHOCOLATE</em>.</h2>
+
+	<div class="poem">
+		<p class="first_paragraph"><em>Doctors</em> lay by your <em>Irksome Books</em><br />
+		And all ye Petty-Fogging <em>Rookes</em><br />
+		Leave <em>Quacking</em>; and <em>Enucleate</em><br />
+		The <em>vertues</em> of our <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Let th&#8217; <em>Universall Medicine</em><br />
+		(Made up of Dead-mens <em>Bones</em> and <em>Skin</em>,)<br />
+		Be henceforth <em>Illegitimate</em>,<br />
+		And yeild to <em>Soveraigne-Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Let <em>Bawdy-Baths</em> be us&#8217;d no more;<br />
+		Nor <em>Smoaky-Stoves</em> but by the whore<br />
+		Of <em>Babilon</em>: since <em>Happy-Fate</em><br />
+		Hath <em>Blessed</em> us with <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p><!--Page viii-->Let old <em>PunctƦus</em> Greaze his <em>shooes</em><br />
+		With his <em>Mock-Balsome</em>: and Abuse<br />
+		No more the World: But <em>Meditate</em><br />
+		The <em>Excellence</em> of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Let <em>Doctor Trigg</em> (who so Excells)<br />
+		No longer Trudge to <em>Westwood-Wells</em>:<br />
+		For though that water <em>Expurgate</em>,<br />
+		&#8217;Tis but the <em>Dreggs</em> of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Let all the <em>Paracelsian</em> Crew<br />
+		Who can Extract <em>Christian</em> from <em>Jew</em>;<br />
+		Or out of <em>Monarchy</em>, A <em>State</em>,<br />
+		Breake Ć ll their <em>Stills</em> for <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Tell us no more of <em>Weapon-Salve</em>,<br />
+		But rather Doome us to a <em>Grave</em>:<br />
+		For sure our wounds will <em>Ulcerate</em>,<br />
+		Unlesse they&#8217;re <em>wash&#8217;d</em> with <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>The <em>Thriving Saint</em>, who will not come<br />
+		Within a <em>Sack-Shop</em>&#8217;s Bowzing-Roome<br />
+		(His <em>Spirit</em> to <em>Exhilerate</em>)<br />
+		Drinkes <em>Bowles</em> (at home) of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p><!--Page ix-->His <em>Spouse</em> when she (<em>Brimfull</em> of <em>Sense</em>)<br />
+		Doth want <em>her due Benevolence</em>,<br />
+		And <em>Babes</em> of <em>Grace</em> would <em>Propagate</em>,<br />
+		Is alwayes Sipping <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>The <em>Roaring-Crew</em> of <em>Gallant-Ones</em><br />
+		Whose <em>Marrow</em> Rotts within their <em>Bones</em>:<br />
+		Their <em>Bodyes</em> quickly <em>Regulate</em>,<br />
+		If once but <em>Sous&#8217;d</em> in <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Young <em>Heires</em> that have more <em>Land</em> then Wit,<br />
+		When once they doe but <em>Tast</em> of it,<br />
+		Will rather spend their whole <em>Estate</em>,<br />
+		Then <em>weaned</em> be from <ins class="errata" id="errata_2" title="Original reads: Chonolate"><em>Chocolate</em></ins>.</p>
+
+		<p>The <em>Nut-Browne-Lasses</em> of the Land<br />
+		Whom <em>Nature</em> vayl&#8217;d in <em>Face</em> and <em>Hand</em>,<br />
+		Are quickly <em>Beauties</em> of <em>High-Rate</em>,<br />
+		By one small <em>Draught</em> of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Besides, it saves the <em>Moneys</em> lost<br />
+		Each day in <em>Patches</em>, which did cost<br />
+		Them deare, untill of Late<br />
+		They found this <em>Heavenly Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p><!--Page x-->Nor need the <em>Women</em> longer <em>grieve</em><br />
+		Who <em>spend</em> their <em>Oyle</em>, yet not <em>conceive</em>,<br />
+		For &#8217;tis a <em>Helpe-Immediate</em>,<br />
+		If such but <em>Lick</em> of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p><em>Consumptions</em> too (be well assur&#8217;d)<br />
+		Are no lesse <em>soone</em> then <em>soundly</em> cur&#8217;d:<br />
+		(Excepting such as doe Relate<br />
+		Unto the <em>Purse</em>) by <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Nay more: It&#8217;s <em>vertue</em> is so much,<br />
+		That if a <em>Lady</em> get a <em>Touch</em>,<br />
+		Her griefe it will <em>Extenuate</em>,<br />
+		If she but <em>smell</em> of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>The <em>Feeble-Man</em>, whom <em>Nature</em> Tyes<br />
+		To doe his Mistresse&#8217;s <em>Drudgeries</em>;<br />
+		O how it will <em>his minde Elate</em>,<br />
+		If <em>shee</em> allow him <em>Chocolate</em>!</p>
+
+		<p>&#8217;Twill make Old women <em>Young</em> and <em>Fresh</em>;<br />
+		Create <em>New-Motions</em> of the <em>Flesh</em>,<br />
+		And cause them <em>long for you know what</em>,<br />
+		If they but <em>Tast</em> of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p><!--Page xi-->There&#8217;s ne&#8217;re a <em>Common Counsell-Man</em>,<br />
+		Whose <em>Life</em> would Reach unto a <em>Span</em>,<br />
+		Should he not <em>Well-Affect</em> the <em>State</em>,<br />
+		And <em>First</em> and <em>Last</em> Drinke <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Nor e&#8217;re a <em>Citizen</em>&#8217;s Chast wife,<br />
+		That ever shall prolong her <em>Life</em>,<br />
+		(Whilst <em>open</em> stands <em>Her Posterne-Gate</em>)<br />
+		Unlesse she <em>drinke</em> of <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Nor dost the <em>Levite</em> any Harme,<br />
+		It keepeth his <em>Devotion</em> warme,<br />
+		And eke the <em>Hayre</em> upon his <em>Pate</em>,<br />
+		So long as he drinkes <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+		<p>Both <em>High</em> and <em>Low</em>, both <em>Rich</em> and <em>Poore</em><br />
+		My <em>Lord</em>, my <em>Lady</em>, and his <em>&#8212;&#8212;</em><br />
+		With all the <em>Folkes</em> at <em>Billingsgate</em>,<br />
+		<em>Bow</em>, <em>Bow</em> your <em>Hamms</em> to <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+	</div>
+
+	<p id="poem_signature">Don Diego de Vadesforte.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="translators_dedication_2" class="section">
+	<!--Page xii-->
+	<h2 class="dedication_2">To the Author,</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">Great Don, Grandee of <em>Spaine</em>,
+	Illostrissimo of <em>Venice</em>, High and
+	mighty King of <em>Candie</em>, Great
+	Bashaw of <em>Babilon</em>, Prince of the Moone,
+	Lord of the Seven Starres, Governour of
+	the Castle of <em>Comfort</em>, Sole Admirall of
+	the Floating <em>Caravan</em>, Author of Th&#8217;
+	<em>Europian</em> Mercury, Chiefe Generall and
+	Admirall of the Invisible Fleet and Army
+	of <em>Terra Incognita</em>,</p>
+
+
+	<p class="signed">Cap. <em class="special_name">James Wadsworth</em>.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="testimonial_1" class="section">
+	<!--Page xii-->
+	<h2 class="testimonal_1_title"><span class="larger_size">The Allowance of <em>Melchor De</em></span><br />
+	<em>Lara</em>, Physitian Generall for the<br />
+	Kingdome of <em>Spaine</em>.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">I Doctor <em>Melchor de Lara</em> Physitian
+	Generall for the Kingdom
+	of <em>Spaine</em>, at the command
+	of <em>Don John de Velasco</em>,
+	and <em>Asebedo</em>, Vicar Generall of <em>Madrid</em>,
+	have seene this Treatise of <em>Chocolate</em>,
+	composed by <em>Antonio Colmenero</em> of <em>Ledesma</em>;
+	which is very learned, and curious,
+	and therefore it ought to be Licensed
+	for the Presse; it containing nothing
+	contrary to good manners; and cannot
+	but be very pleasing to those, who are
+	affected to <em>Chocolate</em>. In testimony whereof,
+	I have subscribed my Name, in
+	<em>Madrid</em> the 23. day of <em>August</em>. 1631.</p>
+
+
+	<p class="signed">Melchor de Lara.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div id="testimonial_2" class="section">
+<!--Page xiii-->
+	<h2 class="testimonial_2_title"><span class="larger_size">The Testimoniall of <em>John de</em></span><br />
+	<em>Mena</em>, Doctor and Physitian to<br />
+	the King of <em>Spaine</em>.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">I <em>John de Mena</em>, Physitian to
+	his Majesty, and one of the
+	Counsell Generall of the Inquisition,
+	have seene this Treatise
+	of <em>Chocolate</em> (composed by
+	Doctor <em>Antonio Colmenero</em> of <em>Ledesma</em>)
+	by command of the <em>Supreame Royall
+	Court of Justice</em>: which containeth nothing
+	contrary to good Manners, and the
+	Subject if very learnedly handled, and with
+	great Iudgement; and no doubt, but it will
+	give much pleasure and content to all those,
+	who are affected to <em>Chocolate</em>; and therefore
+	may be printed: And in confirmation
+	of this truth, I have hereto subscribed my
+	Name the <em>17.</em> of <em>Septemb. 1631.</em></p>
+
+	<p class="signed"><em>John de Mena</em> Doctor in Physicke.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div id="introduction" class="section">
+	<h2 id="to_the_reader"><a class="pagenum" id="page_1" title="1"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_B" title="B"></a>To the Reader.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">The number is so great of
+	those, who, in these times,
+	drinke <em>Chocolate</em>, that not only
+	in the <em>Indies</em>, where this
+	kind of Drink hath its originall;
+	but it is also much used in <em>Spain</em>, <em>Italy</em>
+	and <em>Flanders</em>, and particularly at the
+	Cour. And many doe speake diversly
+	of it, according to the benefit, or hurt,
+	they receive from it: Some saying, that
+	it is stopping: Others, and those the greater
+	part, that it makes one fat: Others,
+	that the use of it strengthens the stomacke:
+	Others, that it heates, and burns
+	them: And others say, that although they
+	take it every houre, and in the Dogdayes,
+	yet they finde themselves well with it.
+	And therefore my desire is, to take this
+	paines, for the pleasure, and profit of the
+	publicke; endeavouring to accommodate
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_2" title="2"></a>it to the content of all, according to the
+	variety of those things, wherewith it may
+	be mixt; that so every man may make
+	choise of that, which shal be most agreeable
+	to his disposition. I have not seene
+	any, who hath written any thing, concerning
+	this drinke; but onely a Physitian
+	of <em>Marchena</em>, who (as it seemes) writ onely
+	by Relation; holding an opinion, that
+	the <em>Chocolate</em> is stopping, because that
+	<em>Cacao</em> (the principall Ingredient of which
+	it is made) is cold, and dry. But because
+	this onely reason, may not have power to
+	keepe some from the use of it, who are
+	troubled with Opilations; I thinke fit to
+	defend this <em>Confection</em>, with Philosophicall
+	Reasons, against any whosoever will
+	condemne this Drinke, which is so wholesome,
+	and so good, knowing how to
+	make the Paste in that manner, that it
+	may be agreeable to divers dispositions,
+	in the moderate drinking of it. And so,
+	with all possible brevity, shall distinguish
+	and divide this Treatise into foure poynts,
+	or Heads. In the first place I shall declare,
+	what <em>Chocolate</em> is; and what are
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_3" title="3"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_B2" title="B2"></a>the Qualities of <em>Cacao</em>, and the other Ingredients
+	of this <em>Confection</em>; where I
+	shall treate of the Receipt set downe by
+	the aforesaid Author of <em>Marchena</em>, and
+	declare my opinion concerning the
+	same. The second point shall treate of
+	the Quality, which resulteth out of the
+	mixture of these Simples, which are put
+	into it. In the third place the manner of
+	Compounding; and how many wayes
+	they use to drink it in the <em>Indies</em>. In the
+	fourth, and last place I shall treat of the
+	Quantity; and how it ought to be taken;
+	at what time; and by what persons.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="the_first_point" class="section">
+	<h2 class="point_title"><a class="pagenum" id="page_4" title="4"></a>The first Point.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">Concerning the first Point, I say,
+	that <em>Chocolate</em> is a name of the <em>Indians</em>;
+	which in our vulgar Castilian,
+	we may call a certaine <em>Confection</em>,
+	in which (among the Ingredients) the
+	principall <em>Basis</em>, and Foundation, is the
+	<em>Cacao</em>; of whose Nature and Quality
+	it is necessary first to treat: And therefore
+	I say, according to the common <ins class="errata" id="errata_3" title="Original reads: re-received">received</ins>
+	opinion, that it is cold, and dry,
+	<i >Ơ prƦdominio</i>; that is to say, that though
+	it be true, that  every Simple containes in
+	it the Qualities of the foure Elements, in
+	the action, and re-action, which it hath
+	in it, yet there results another distinct
+	quality, which we call Complexion.</p>
+
+	<p>This Quality or Complexion, which
+	ariseth of this Mixture, is not alwayes
+	one, and the same; neither hath it the
+	effect in all the mixtures, but they may
+	be varied nine wayes; four <em>Simple</em>, from
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_5" title="5"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_B3" title="B3"></a>whence one onely quality doth abound;
+	and foure <em>Compounded</em>, from whence two
+	Symbolizing qualities are predominant;
+	and one other, which we call <i>ad
+	pondus</i>, which is of all these fore-said
+	qualities, which are in <i>Ʀquilibrio</i>,
+	that is to say, in equall measure and degree.</p>
+
+	<p>Of all these the Complexion of <em>Cacao</em>
+	is composed, since there arise two qualities,
+	which are cold, and dry; and in the
+	substance, that rules them, hath it <em>restringent</em>
+	and <em>obstructive</em>, of the nature of the
+	Element of the <em>Earth</em>. And then, as it is
+	a Mixed, and not a simple Element, it
+	must needs have parts correspondent to
+	the rest of the Elements; and particularly,
+	it partakees (and that, not a little) of
+	those, which correspond with the Element
+	of Aire, that is, Heat and Moysture,
+	which are governed by the Unctious
+	parts; there being drawne out of the
+	<em>Cacao</em> much Butter, which, in the <em>Indies</em>
+	I have seene drawne out if it, for the
+	Face, by the <em>Criollas</em>.</p>
+
+	<p>It may Philosophically be objected, in
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_6" title="6"></a>this manner: <span class="reverse_emphasis">Two contrary Qualities, and
+	Disagreeing, cannot be <em>in gradu intenso</em>,
+	in one and the same Subject: <em>Cacao</em> is
+	cold and drie, in predominency: Therefore,
+	it cannot have the qualities contrary to those;
+	which are Heat, and Moysture. The first Proposition
+	is most certaine, and grounded upon
+	good Philosophy: The second is consented
+	unto, by all: The third, which is the Conclusion,
+	is regular.</span></p>
+
+	<p>It cannot be denyed, but that the <em>Argument</em>
+	is very strong, and these reasons
+	being considered by him of <em>Marchena</em>,
+	have made him affirme, that <em>Chocolate</em> is
+	Obstructive; it seeming to be contrary
+	to Philosophy, that in it there should be
+	found <em>Heat</em> and <em>Moysture</em>, <i>in gradu intenso</i>;
+	and to be so likewise in <em>Cold</em> and <em>Dry</em>.</p>
+
+	<p>To this, there are two things to be <ins class="errata" id="errata_4" title="Original reads: an-answered">answered</ins>:
+	One, that he never saw the
+	experience of drawing out the Butter,
+	which I have done; and that when the
+	<em>Chocolate</em> is made without adding any
+	thing to the dryed Powder, which is incorporated,
+	onely by beating it well together,
+	and is united, and made into a
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_7" title="7"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_B4" title="B4"></a>Paste, which is a signe, that there is a
+	moist, and glutinous part, which, of necessity,
+	must correspond with the Element
+	of Aire.</p>
+
+	<p>The other reason, we will draw from
+	Philosophy; affirming that, in the <em>Cacao</em>,
+	there are different substances. In the
+	one, that is to say, in that, which is not
+	so fat, it hath a greater quantity of the
+	Oylie, then of the earthie Substance;
+	and in the fatter part, it hath more of
+	the earthy than of the Oily substance.
+	In these there is Heate and Moysture in
+	predominancy; and in the other, cold
+	and dry.</p>
+
+	<p>Notwithstanding that it is hard to be
+	believed, that in one and the same substance,
+	and so little of the <em>Cacao</em>, it can
+	have substances so different: To the end
+	that it may appeare more easie, clear, and
+	evident, first we see it in the <em>Rubarbe</em>,
+	which hath in it hot and soluble parts,
+	and parts which are Binding, Cold and
+	Dry, which have a vertue to strengthen,
+	binde, and stop the loosenesse of the Belly:
+	I say also, that he that sees and con<a class="pagenum" id="page_8" title="8"></a>siders
+	the steele, so much of the nature of
+	the earth, as being heavy, thick, cold, and
+	dry; it seemes to be thought unproper
+	for the curing of Opilations, but rather
+	to be apt to encrease them; and yet it
+	is given for a proper remedy against
+	them.</p>
+
+	<p>This difficulty is cleared thus, that
+	though it be true, that it hath much of
+	the Earthy part; yet it hath also parts
+	of Sulphur, and of quick silver, which
+	doe open, and disopilate; neither doth
+	it so, untill it be helped by Art, as it is
+	ground, stirred, and made fine, in the preparing
+	of it; the Sulphurous parts, and
+	those of quick-silver, being thinne,
+	active, and penetrative, they mingle, at
+	the last with those parts, which are Earthy
+	and astringent: Insomuch, that they
+	being mingled after this manner one with
+	another, we cannot now say, that the
+	steele is astringent, but rather, that it is
+	penetrative, attenuating and opening.
+	Let us prove this Doctrine by Authorities;
+	and let the first be from <em>Gallen</em>, <i>l. 3.</i>
+	of the qualities of Simples, <i>c. 14.</i> Where,
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_9" title="9"></a>first of all he teacheth, that almost all
+	those Medicines, which, to our sence,
+	seeme to be <em>Simple</em>, are notwithstanding
+	naturally <em>Compounded</em>, containing in
+	themselves contrary qualities; and that
+	is to say, a quality to expell, and to retaine;
+	to incrassate, and attenuate; to rarifie,
+	and to condense. Neither are we to
+	wonder at it, it being understood, that in
+	every fore-said Medicine, there is a quality
+	to heat, and to coole; to moisten and
+	to dry. And whatsoever Medicine it be,
+	it hath in it, thick, and thinne parts; rare,
+	and dense; soft, and hard. And in the
+	fifteenth Chapter following, in the same
+	Book, he puts an example of the Broth of
+	a Cock, which moves the Belly; and the
+	flesh hath the vertue to bind. He puts also
+	the example of the <em>Aloes</em>, which if it be
+	washt, looseth the Purgative vertue; or
+	that which it hath, is but weake.</p>
+
+	<p>That this differing vertue, and faculty,
+	is found in divers substances, or parts of
+	simple Medicaments, <em>Gallen</em> shewes
+	in the first Booke of his simple Medicines,
+	and the seventeenth Chapter,
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_10" title="10"></a>bringing the example of Milke; in which,
+	three substances are found, and separated,
+	that is to say, the substance of
+	Cheese, which hath the vertue to stop the
+	Fluxe of the Belly; and the substance of
+	Whay, which is purging; and Butter, as
+	it is expressed in the said <em>Gallen</em>, <i>Cap. 15.</i>
+	Also we finde in Wine which is in the
+	Must, three substances, that is to say,
+	earth, which is the chiefe; and a thinner
+	substance, which is the flower, and may
+	be called the scum, or froath: and a third
+	substance which we properly call Wine;
+	And every one of these substances, containes
+	in it selfe divers qualities, and vertues;
+	in the colour, in the smell, and in
+	other Accidents.</p>
+
+	<p><em>Aristotle</em> in the fourth Book of the Meteors
+	and the first Chapter, treating of
+	Putrefaction, he found the same substances;
+	and in the second Chapter next following,
+	where he that is curious may
+	read it. And also by the Doctrine of
+	<em>Galen</em>, and of <em>Aristotle</em>, divers substances
+	are attributed to every of the mixt under
+	one and the same forme and quantity;
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_11" title="11"></a>which is very conformable to reason, if
+	we consider, that every Aliment be it never
+	so simple, begets, and produceth in
+	the liver, foure humours, not onely differing
+	in temper, but also in substance;
+	and begets more or lesse of that humour,
+	according as that Aliment hath more or
+	fewer parts corresponding to the substance
+	of that humour, which is most ingendred.
+	And so in cold diseases, we give
+	warme nourishment; and cold nourishment,
+	in hot diseases.</p>
+
+	<p>From which evident examples, and
+	many others, which we might produce to
+	this purpose, we may gather, that, when
+	we grind and stir the <em>Cacao</em>, the divers
+	parts, which Nature hath given it,
+	doe artificially, and intimately mixe
+	themselves one with another;  and so the
+	unctuous, warme, and moist parts, mingled
+	with the earthy (as we have said
+	of the steele) represses, and leaves them
+	not so binding, as they were before; but
+	rather with a mediocritie, more inclining
+	to the warme, and moist temper of the
+	Aire, then to the cold and dry of the
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_12" title="12"></a>Earth; as it doth appeare when it is made
+	fit to drinke; that you scarce give it two
+	turnes with the Molinet when there riseth
+	a fatty scumme: by which you may
+	see how much it partaketh of the Oylie
+	part.</p>
+
+	<p>From which doctrine I gather, that
+	the Author of <em>Marchena</em>, was in an errour,
+	who, writing of <em>Chocolate</em>, saith that it
+	causeth Opilations, because <em>Cacao</em> is astringent;
+	as if that astriction were not
+	corrected, by the intimate mixing of one
+	part with another, by meanes of the
+	grinding, as is said before. Besides, it
+	having so many ingredients, which are
+	naturally hot, it must of necessity have
+	this effect; that is to say, to open, attenuate,
+	and not to binde; and, indeed, there
+	is no cause of bringing more examples, or
+	producing more reasons, for this truth,
+	then that which we see in the <em>Cacao</em> it self:
+	which, if it be not stirred, and compounded,
+	as aforesaid, to make the <em>Chocolate</em>.
+	But eating of it, as it is in the fruite, as
+	the <em>Criollas</em> eate it in the <em>Indies</em>, it doth notably
+	obstruct, and cause stoppings; for
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_13" title="13"></a>no other cause but this, that the divers
+	substances which it containes, are not
+	perfectly mingled by the mastication
+	onely, but require the artificiall mixture,
+	which we have spoken of before.</p>
+
+	<p>Besides, our Adversary should have
+	considered, and called to his memory,
+	the first rudiments of Philosophy, that <i>Ć 
+	dicto secundum quid, ad dictum simpliciter,
+	non valet consequentia</i>; As it is not
+	enough to say, the Black-a-Moore is
+	white, because his teeth are white; for he
+	may be blacke, though he hath white
+	teeth; and so it is not enough to say,
+	that the <em>Cacao</em> is stopping; and therefore
+	the Confection, which is made of it, is
+	also stopping.</p>
+
+	<p>The Tree, which beares this fruit, is so
+	delicate; and the earth, where it growes,
+	is so extreme hot, that to keepe the tree
+	from being consumed by the Sun, they
+	first plant other trees; and when they
+	are growne up to a good height, then
+	they plant the <em>Cacao</em> trees; that when it
+	first shewes it selfe above the ground,
+	those trees which are already growne,
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_14" title="14"></a>may shelter it from the Sunne; and the
+	fruit doth not grow naked, but ten or
+	twelve of them are in one Gorde or Cod,
+	which is of the bignesse of a greate black
+	Figge, or bigger, and of the same forme,
+	and colour.</p>
+
+	<p>There are two sorts of <em>Cacao</em>; the one
+	is common, which is of a gray colour,
+	inclining towards red; the other is broader
+	and bigger, which they call <em>Patlaxte</em>,
+	and this is white, and more drying;
+	whereby it causeth watchfulnesse, and
+	drives away sleepe, and therefore it is not
+	so usefull, as the ordinary. This shall
+	suffice to be said of the <em>Cacao</em>.</p>
+
+	<p>And as for the rest of the ingredients,
+	which make our <em>Chocolaticall</em> Confection,
+	there is notable variety; because
+	some doe put into it black Pepper, and
+	also <em>Tauasco</em><span class="sidenote">A red roote like madder.</span>; which is not proper,
+	because it is so hot and dry; but
+	onely for one, who hath a very cold
+	Liver. And of this opinion, was a
+	certaine Doctor of the University of
+	<em>Mexico</em>, of whom a Religious man of
+	good credit told me, that he finding the
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_15" title="15"></a>ordinary round Pepper was not fit to
+	bring his purpose about, and to the end,
+	he might discover, whether the long red
+	pepper were more proper, he made triall
+	upon the liver of a Sheepe; and putting
+	the ordinary pepper on one side, and the
+	red pepper<span class="sidenote">Chile.</span> on the other, after 24 hours,
+	the part, where the ordinary pepper lay,
+	was dryed up; and the other part continued
+	moist, as if nothing had bin thrown
+	upon it.</p>
+
+	<p>The Receipt of him who wrote at
+	<em>Marchena</em>, is this: Of <em>Cacaos</em>, 700; of
+	white Sugar, one pound and a halfe; Cinnamon,
+	2. ounces; of long red pepper,
+	14. of Cloves, halfe an ounce: Three
+	Cods of the Logwood or Campeche
+	tree; or in steade of that, the weight of
+	2. Reals, or a shilling of Anniseeds; as
+	much of <em>Agiote</em>, as will give the colour,
+	which is about the quantity of a Hasell-nut.
+	Some put in Almons, kernells of
+	Nuts, and Orenge-flower-water.</p>
+
+	<p>Concerning this Receipt I shall first
+	say, This shooe will not fit every foote;
+	but for those, who have diseases, or are
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_16" title="16"></a>inclining to be infirme, you may either
+	adde, or take away, according to the necessity,
+	and temperature of every one:
+	and I hold it not amisse, that Sugar be
+	put into it, when it is drunke, so that it
+	be according to the quantity I shall hereafter
+	set downe.  And sometimes they
+	make Tablets of the Sugar, and the <em>Chocolate</em>
+	together: which they doe onely to
+	please the Pallats, as the Dames of <em>Mexico</em>
+	doe use it; and they are there sold in
+	shops, and are confected and eaten like
+	other sweet-meats. For the Cloves,
+	which are put into this drinke, by the
+	Author aforesaid, the best Writers of
+	this Composition use them not; peradventure
+	upon this reason: that although
+	they take away the ill savour of the
+	mouth, they binde; as a learned Writer
+	hath exprest in these verses:</p>
+
+	<blockquote>
+		<p class="poem">F&oelig;torem emendat oris Cariophilia f&oelig;dum;<br />
+		Constringunt ventrem, <ins class="expansion" id="expansion_1" title="Expanded: primaq;">primaque</ins> membra juvant.</p>
+
+		<p class="poem_translation">Cloves doe perfume a stincking Breath, and Bind<br />
+		The Belly: Hence the prime members comfort find.</p>
+	</blockquote>
+
+	<p><a class="pagenum" id="page_17" title="17"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_C" title="C"></a>And because they are binding (and hot
+	and dry in the third degree) they must
+	not be used, though they help the chiefe
+	parts of Concoction, which are the Stomacke
+	and the Liver, as appeares by the
+	Verses before recited.</p>
+
+	<p>The Huskes or Cods of Logwood, or
+	Campeche, are very good, and smell like
+	Fennell; and every one puts in of these,
+	because they are not very hot; though <ins class="errata" id="errata_5" title="Original reads: it it">it</ins>
+	excuse not the putting in of Annis-seed,
+	as sayes the Author of this Receipt;
+	for there is no <em>Chocolate</em> without it, because
+	it is good for many cold diseases,
+	being hot in the third degree; and to
+	temper the coldnesse of the <em>Cacao</em>; and
+	that it may appeare, it helpes the indisposition
+	of Cold parts, I will cite the Verses
+	of one curious in this Art:</p>
+
+	<blockquote>
+		<p class="poem">Morbosus renes, vesicam, guttura, vulnam,<br />
+		Intestina, jecur, <ins class="expansion" id="expansion_2" title="Expanded: cumq;">cumque</ins> lyene caput<br />
+		Confortat, variisque Anisum subdita morbis<br />
+		Membra: istud tantum vim leve semen habet.</p>
+
+		<p class="poem_translation">The Reyns, the Bladder, throat, &amp; thing between&#8212;<br />
+		Enatrailes and Liver, with the Head, and spleen<br />
+		And other Parts, by <span class="note_marker">*</span><span class="sidenote">* Annis.</span> it are comforted:<br />
+		So great a vertue&#8217;s in that little seed.</p>
+	</blockquote>
+
+	<p><a class="pagenum" id="page_18" title="18"></a>The quantity of a Nut of the <em>Achiote</em> <span class="sidenote"><ins class="errata" id="errata_6" title="Unclear in original.">Ta-asco.</ins></span> is
+	too little to colour the quantity made according
+	to his Receipt; and therefore, he
+	that makes it, may put in it, as much as
+	he thinkes fit.</p>
+
+	<p>Those, who adde Almons, and Nuts,
+	doe not ill; because they give it more
+	body and substance then <em>Maiz</em> or <em>Paniso</em><span class="sidenote">A graine like Millet.</span>,
+	which others use; and for my part, I
+	should always put it into <em>Chocolate</em>, for
+	Almonds (besides what I have said of
+	them before) are moderately hot, and
+	have a thinne juice; but you must not
+	use new Almons, as a learned Author
+	sayes in these Verses.</p>
+
+	<blockquote>
+		<p class="poem">Dat modice calidum <ins class="expansion" id="expansion_3" title="Expanded: dulcisq;">dulcisque</ins> Amigdala succum,<br />
+		Et tenuem; inducunt plurima damna nova.</p>
+
+		<p class="poem_translation">New Almonds yeild a Hot and slender juice,<br />
+		But bring new mischiefs by too often use.</p>
+	</blockquote>
+
+	<p>And the small Nuts are not ill for
+	our purpose; for they have almost the
+	temper, which the Almons have; onely
+	because they are dryer, they come nearer
+	the temper of Choler; and doe therefore
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_19" title="19"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_C2" title="C2"></a>strengthen the Belly, and the Stomacke,
+	being dryed: for so they must
+	be used for the Confection; and they
+	preserve the head from those vapours,
+	which rise from the Belly: as it appeares
+	by the said Author in these Verses.</p>
+
+	<blockquote>
+		<p class="poem">Bilis Avellanam sequitur; sed roborat alvum<br />
+		Ventris, &amp; a fumis liberat assa caput.</p>
+
+		<p class="poem_translation">Filberds breed Chollar, Th&#8217; Belly Fortifie,<br />
+		Benzoin the Head frees from Fumosity.</p>
+	</blockquote>
+
+	<p>And therefore they are proper for such
+	as are troubled with ventuosities, and
+	<em>Hypochondriacall</em> vapours, which offend
+	the brain, and there cause such troublesome
+	dreames, and sad imaginations.</p>
+
+	<p>Those who mixe <em>Maiz</em> or <em>Paniso</em> in the
+	<em>Chocolate</em> doe very ill; because those
+	graines doe beget a very melancholly
+	humour: as the same Author expresseth
+	in these Verses.</p>
+
+	<blockquote>
+		<p class="poem">Crassa melancholicum prƦstant tibi Panica succum<br />
+		Siccant, si penas membra, gelantque foris.</p>
+
+		<p class="poem_translation">Grosse Eares of Corne have Cholorique juice (no doubt)<br />
+		Which dries, if taken inward; cooles without.</p>
+	</blockquote>
+
+	<p><a class="pagenum" id="page_20" title="20"></a>It is also apparantly windy; and those
+	which mixe it in this <em>Confection</em>, doe it
+	onely for their profit, by encreasing the
+	quantity of the <em>Chocolate</em>; because every
+	<em>Fanega</em> or measure of <span class="note_marker">*</span><span class="sidenote">* Maiz, or Indian Wheat</span> <em>Grani</em> containing
+	about a Bushell and a halfe, is sold for
+	eight shillings, and they sell this <em>Confection</em>
+	for foure shillings a pound, which is
+	the ordinary price of the <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+	<p>The <em>Cinamon</em> is hot and dry in the
+	third degree; it provokes Urine,
+	and helps the Kidneys and Reynes of
+	those who are troubled with cold diseases;
+	and it is good for the eyes; and in
+	effect, it is cordiall; as appeares by the
+	Author of these Verses.</p>
+
+	<blockquote>
+		<p class="poem">Commoda &amp; urinƦ Cinnamomum, &amp; renibus<br />
+		Lumina clarificat, dira venena fugat. <span class="keep_separate">(affert:</span></p>
+
+		<p class="poem_translation">Cinnamon helps the Reines and Urine well,<br />
+		It cleares the Eyes, and Poison doth expell.</p>
+	</blockquote>
+
+	<p>The <em>Achiote</em> hath a piercing attenuating
+	quality, as appeareth by the <ins class="expansion" id="expansion_4" title="Expanded: comm&otilde;">common</ins>
+	practice of the Physitians in the <em>Indies</em>,
+	experienced daily in the effects of it, who
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_21" title="21"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_C3" title="C3"></a>doe give it to their Patients, to cut, and
+	attenuate the grosse humours, which doe
+	cause shortnesse of breath, and stopping
+	of urine; and so it may be used for any
+	kind of Opilations; for we give it for the
+	stoppings, which are in the breast, or in
+	the Region of the belly, or any other part
+	of the Body.</p>
+
+	<p>And concerning the long red Peper,
+	there are foure sorts of it. One is called
+	<em>Chilchotes</em>: the other very little, which
+	they call <em>Chilterpin</em>; and these two kinds,
+	are very quicke and biting. The other
+	two are called <em>Tonalchiles</em>, and these are
+	moderately hot; for they are eaten with
+	bread, as they eate other fruits, &amp; they are
+	of a yellow colour; and they grow onely
+	about the Townes, which are in, and adjoyning
+	to the Lake of <em>Mexico</em>. The other
+	Pepper is called <em>Chilpaclagua</em>, which
+	hath a broad huske, and this is not so
+	biting as the first; nor so gentle as the
+	last, and is that, which is usually put into
+	the <em>Chocolate</em>.</p>
+
+	<p>There are also other ingredients, which
+	are used in this <em>Confection</em>. One called
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_22" title="22"></a><em>Mechasuchil</em>; and another which they call
+	<em>Vinecaxtli</em>, which in the <em>Spanish</em> they call
+	<em>Orejuelas</em>, which are sweet smelling Flowers,
+	Aromaticall and hot. And the
+	<em>Mechasuchil</em> hath a Purgative quality;
+	for in the <em>Indies</em> they make a purging
+	portion of it. In stead of this, in <em>Spaine</em>
+	they put into the <em>Confection</em>, powder of
+	<em>Alexandria</em>, for opening the Belly.</p>
+
+	<p>I have spoken of all these Ingredients,
+	that every one may make choise of those
+	which please him best, or are most proper
+	for infirmities.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+<div id="the_second_point" class="section">
+	<h2 class="point_title"><a class="pagenum" id="page_23" title="23"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_C4" title="C4"></a>The second Point.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">As concerning the second point, I
+	say, as I have said before, that
+	though it be true, that the <em>Cacao</em>
+	is mingled with all these Ingredients,
+	which are hot; yet there is to be a
+	greater quantity of <em>Cacao</em>, then of all the
+	rest of the Ingredients, which serve to
+	temper the coldnesse of the <em>Cacao</em>: Just
+	as when we seek, of two Medicines of
+	contrary qualities, to compound one,
+	which shall be of a moderate temper: In
+	the same manner doth result the same
+	action and re-action of the cold parts of
+	the <em><ins class="errata" id="errata_7" title="Original reads: Cocao">Cacao</ins></em>, and of the hot parts of the other
+	ingredients, which makes the <em>Chocolate</em>
+	of so moderate a quality, that it
+	differs very little from a mediocrity;
+	and when there is not put in any ordinary
+	pepper, or Cloves, but onely a little
+	Annisseed (as I shall shew hereafter) we
+	may boldly say, that it is very temperate.
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_24" title="24"></a>And this may be proved by reason, and
+	experience: (supposing that which <em>Gallen</em>
+	sayes, to be true, that every mixt Medicine,
+	warmeth the cold, and cooleth the
+	hot; bringing the examples of Oyle of
+	<em>Roses</em>.) By experience, I say, that in the
+	<em>Indies</em> (as is the custom of that countrey)
+	I comming in a heat to visite a sick person,
+	and asking water to refresh me, they
+	perswaded mee to take a Draught of
+	<em>Chocolate</em>; which quencht my thirst: &amp; in
+	the morning (if I took it fasting) it did
+	warme and comfort my stomack. Now
+	let us prove it by reason. Wee have already
+	proved, that all the parts of the
+	<em>Cacao</em> are not cold. For we have made it
+	appeare that the unctuous parts, which
+	are many, be all hot, or temperate: then,
+	though it be true, that the quantity of
+	the <em>Cacao</em> is greater than of all the rest of
+	the ingredients, yet the cold parts are at
+	the most, not halfe so many as the hot;
+	and if for all this they should be more,
+	yet by stirring, &amp; mangling of the warme
+	unctuous parts, they are much qualified.
+	And, on the other side, it being mixt
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_25" title="25"></a>with the other Ingredients, which are hot
+	in the second and third degree, being the
+	predominant quality, it must needs be
+	brought to a mediocrity. Like as two
+	men, who shake hands, the one being hot,
+	and the other cold, the one hand borrows
+	heat, and the other is made colder;
+	and in conclusion, neither hand retaines
+	the cold, or heat it had before, but both
+	of them remain more temperate. So like-wise
+	two men, who go to wrestle, at the
+	first they are in their full vigour and
+	strength; but after they have strugled a
+	while, their force lessens by degrees, till
+	at last they are both much weaker, than
+	when they began to wrestle. And <em>Aristotle</em>
+	was also of this opinion in his fourth
+	Booke of the Nature of Beasts, <i>cap. 3.</i>
+	Where he sayes, that every Agent suffers
+	with the patient; as that which cuts, is
+	made dul by the thing it cuts; that which
+	warmes, cooles it selfe; and that which
+	thrusts, or forceth forward, is in some
+	sort driven bake it selfe.</p>
+
+	<p>From whence I gather, that it is better
+	to use <em>Chocolate</em>, after it hath beene
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_26" title="26"></a>made some time, a Moneth at the least. I
+	believe this time to be necessary, for
+	breaking the contrary qualities of the severall
+	Ingredients, and to bring the
+	Drinke to a moderate temper.  For, as it
+	alwayes falls out at the first, that every
+	contrary will have its predominancy, and
+	will worke his owne effects, Nature not
+	liking well to be heated and cooled, at
+	the same time. And this is the cause why
+	<em>Gallen</em> in his twelfth Booke of <i>Method</i>,
+	doth advise not to use <em>Philonium</em>, till after
+	a yeare, or, at the least, six moneths;
+	because it is a composition made of <em>Opium</em>
+	(which is cold in the fourth degree)
+	and of Pepper, and other Ingredients,
+	which are hot in the third degree.  This
+	Theorum, and Doctrine, is made good
+	by the practise, which some have made,
+	of whom I have asked, what <em>Chocolate</em>
+	did best agree with them? and they have
+	affirmed, that the best is that which
+	hath beene made some moneths: and
+	that the new doth hurt by loosening the
+	Stomack; And, in my opinion, the reason
+	of it is, that the unctuous or fat parts,
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_27" title="27"></a>are not altogether corrected, by the earthy
+	parts of the <em>Cacao</em>. And this I shall
+	thus prove; for, as I shall declare hereafter,
+	if you make the <em>Chocolate</em> boyle,
+	when you drinke it, the boyling of it divides
+	that fat and oyly part; and that
+	makes a relaxation in the Stomacke in
+	the old <em>Chocolate</em>, as well as if it were new.</p>
+
+	<p>So that I conclude in this second point,
+	that the <em>Chocolaticall Confection</em> is not so
+	cold as the <em>Cacao</em>, nor so hot as the rest
+	of the Ingredients; but there results
+	from the action and re-action of these Ingredients,
+	a moderate temper which
+	may be good, both for the cold and hot
+	stomacks, being taken moderately, as
+	shall be declared hereafter; and it having
+	beene made a moneth at the least; as
+	is already proved. And so I know not
+	why any many having made experience of
+	this <em>Confection</em> (which is composed, as it
+	ought to be, for every particular) should
+	speake ill of it. Besides, where it is so
+	much used, the most, if not all, as well
+	in the <em>Indies</em>, as in <em>Spain</em>, finde, it agreeth
+	well with them. He of <em>Merchena</em> had no
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_28" title="28"></a>ground in saying, that it did cause Opilations.
+	For, if it were so, the Liver being
+	obstructed, it would extenuate its
+	subject; and by experience, we see to the
+	contrary, that it makes fat; the reason
+	whereof I shall shew hereafter. And this
+	shall suffice for the second Point.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="the_third_point" class="section">
+	<h2 class="point_title">The third Point.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">Having treated in the first poynt,
+	of the definition of <em>Chocolate</em>,
+	the quality of the <em>Cacao</em>, and of
+	the other Ingredients; and in the second
+	Point, of the Complexion, which results
+	from the mixture of them; There remaines
+	now in the third poynt, to shew
+	the way how to mingle them: And first
+	I will bring the best Receipt, and the
+	most to the purpose, that I could find
+	out; although it be true which I have said,
+	that one Receipt cannot be given, which
+	shall be proper for all; that is to be un<a class="pagenum" id="page_29" title="29"></a>derstood of those, who are sick; for those
+	that are strong, and in health, this may
+	serve: and for the other (as I have said in
+	the conclusion of the first Poynt) every
+	one may make choyse of the Ingredients,
+	as they may be usefull, to this, or that
+	part of his body.</p>
+
+	<h3 class="point_subtitle">The Receipt is this.</h3>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">To every 100. <em>Cacaos</em>, you must put
+	two cods of the<span class="note_marker">*</span><span class="sidenote">Chiles</span> long red Pepper, of
+	which I have spoken before, and are called
+	in the <em>Indian</em> Tongue, <em>Chilparlagua</em>;
+	and in stead of those of the <em>Indies</em>, you
+	may take those of <em>Spaine</em> which are broadest,
+	&amp; least hot. One handfull of Annis-seed
+	<em>Orejuelas</em>, which are otherwise called
+	<em>Pinacaxlidos</em>: and two of the flowers,
+	called <em>Mechasuchil</em>, if the Belly be bound.
+	But in stead of this, in <em>Spaine</em>, we put in
+	six Roses of <em>Alexandria</em> beat to Powder:
+	One Cod of <em>Campeche</em>, or Logwood:
+	Two Drams of Cinamon; Almons,
+	and Hasle-Nuts, of each one Dozen: Of
+	white Sugar, halfe a pound: of <em>Achiote</em>
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_30" title="30"></a>enough to give it the colour. And if you
+	cannot have those things, which come
+	from the <em>Indies</em>, you may make it with
+	the rest.</p>
+
+	<h3 class="point_subtitle">The way of Compounding.</h3>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">The <em>Cacao</em>, and the other Ingredients
+	must be beaten in a Morter of Stone,
+	or ground upon a broad stone, which the
+	<em>Indians</em> call <em>Metate</em>, and is onely made
+	for that use: But the first thing that is to
+	be done, is to dry the Ingredients, all except
+	the <em>Achiote</em>; with care that they
+	may be beaten to powder, keeping them
+	still in stirring, that they be not burnt, or
+	become black; and if they be over-dried,
+	they will be bitter, and lose their vertue.
+	The Cinamon, and the long red Pepper
+	are to be first beaten, with the Annis-seed;
+	and then beate the <em>Cacao</em>, which
+	you must beate by a little and little, till
+	it be all powdred; and sometimes turne
+	it round in the beating, that it may mixe
+	the better: And every one of these Ingredients,
+	must be beaten by it selfe; and
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_31" title="31"></a>then put all the Ingredients into the Vessell,
+	where the <em>Cacao</em> is; which you must
+	stirre together with a spoone; and then
+	take out that Paste, and put it into the
+	Morter, under which you must lay a
+	little fire, after the <em>Confection</em> is made.
+	But you must be very carefull, not to put
+	more fire, than will warme it, that the
+	unctuous part doe not dry away. And
+	you must also take care, to put in the
+	<em>Achiote</em> in the beating; that it may the
+	better take the colour. You must Searse
+	all the Ingredients, but onely the <em>Cacao</em>;
+	and if you take the shell from the <em>Cacao</em>,
+	it is the better; and when you shall find it
+	to be well beaten, &amp; incorporated (which
+	you shall know by the shortness of it) then
+	with a spoone take up some of the Paste,
+	which will be almost liquid; and so either
+	make it into Tablets; or put it into Boxes;
+	and when it is cold it will be hard. To
+	make the Tablets you must put a spoonfull
+	of the Paste upon a piece of paper, the
+	<em>Indians</em> put it upon the leaf of a <em>Planten-tree</em>;
+	where, being put into the shade, it
+	growes hard; and then bowing the paper,
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_32" title="32"></a>the Tablet falls off, by reason of the fatnesse
+	of the paste. But if you put it into
+	any thing of earth, or wood, it sticks fast,
+	and will not come off, but with scraping,
+	or breaking. In the <em>Indies</em> they take it two
+	severall waies: the one, being the common
+	way, is to take it hot, with <em>Atolle</em>,
+	which was the Drinke of Ancient <em>Indians</em>
+	(the <em>Indians</em> call <em>Atolle</em> pappe, made of
+	the flower of <em>Maiz</em>, and so they mingle
+	it with the <em>Chocolate</em>, and that the <em>Atolle</em>
+	may be more wholesome, they take off
+	the Husks of the <em>Maiz</em>, which is windy,
+	and melancholy; and so there remaines
+	onely the best and most substantiall
+	part.) Now, to returne to the matter, I
+	say, that the other Moderne drinke,
+	which the Spaniards use so much, is of
+	two sorts. The one is, that the <em>Chocolate</em>,
+	being dissolved with cold water, &amp; the
+	scumme taken off, and put into another
+	Vessell, the remainder is put upon the fire,
+	with Sugar; and when it is warme, then
+	powre it upon the Scumme you tooke off
+	before, and so drinke it. The other is to
+	warme the water; and then, when you
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_33" title="33"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_D" title="D"></a>have put it into a pot, or dish, as much
+	<em>Chocolate</em> as you thinke fit, put in a little
+	of the warme water, and then grinde it
+	well with the molinet; and when it is
+	well ground, put the rest of the warme
+	water to it; and so drinke it with Sugar.</p>
+
+	<p>Besides these former wayes, there is
+	one other way; which is, put the <em>Chocolate</em>
+	into a pipkin, with a little water;
+	and let it boyle well, till it be dissolved;
+	and then put in sufficient water and Sugar,
+	according to the quantity of the
+	<em>Chocolate</em>; and then boyle it againe, untill
+	there comes an oyly scumme upon it;
+	and then drinke it. But if you put too
+	much fire, it will runne over, and spoyle.
+	But, in my opinion, this last way is not so
+	wholsome, though it pleaseth the pallate
+	better; because, when the Oily is divided
+	from the earthy part, which remaines at
+	the bottome, it causeth Melancholy; and
+	the oily part loosens the stomacke, and
+	takes away the appetite: There is another
+	way to drink <em>Chocolate</em>, which is cold;
+	and it takes its name from the principall
+	Ingredient, and is called <em>Cacao</em>; which
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_34" title="34"></a>they use at feasts, to refresh themselves;
+	and it is made after this manner. The
+	<em>Chocolate</em> being dissolved in water with
+	the <em>Molinet</em>, take off the scumme or crassy
+	part, which riseth in greater quantity,
+	when the <em>Cacao</em> is older, and more putrified.
+	The scumme is laid aside by it selfe
+	in a little dish; and then put sugar into
+	that part, from whence you tooke the
+	scumme; and powre it from on high into
+	the scumme; and so drink it cold. And
+	this drink is so cold, that it agreeth not
+	with all mens stomacks; for by experience
+	we find the hurt it doth, by causing
+	paines in the stomacke, and especially to
+	Women. I could deliver the reason of
+	it; but I avoid it, because I will not be
+	tedious, some use it, &amp;c.</p>
+
+	<p>There is another way to drinke it cold,
+	which is called <em>Cacao Penoli</em>; and it is
+	done, by adding to the same <em>Chocolate</em>
+	(having made the <em>Confection</em>, as is before
+	set downe) so much <em>Maiz</em>, dryed, and
+	well ground, and taken from the Huske,
+	and then well mingled in the Morter,
+	with the <em>Chocolate</em>, it falls all into flowre,
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_35" title="35"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_D2" title="D2"></a>or dust; &amp; so these things being mingled,
+	as is said before, there riseth the Scum;
+	and so you take and drink it, as before.</p>
+
+	<p>There is another way, which is a shorter
+	and quicker way of making it, for
+	men of businesse, who cannot stay long
+	about it; and it is more wholsome; and
+	it is that, which I use. That is, first to set
+	some water to warm; and while it warms,
+	you throw a Tablet, or some <em>Chocolate</em>,
+	scraped, and mingled with sugar, into a
+	little Cup; and when the water is hot, you
+	powre the water to the <em>Chocolate</em>, and
+	then dissolve it with the Molinet; and
+	then without taking off the scum, drink
+	it as is before directed.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="the_fourth_part" class="section">
+	<h2 class="point_title">The fourth Part.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">There remaines to be handled in
+	the last Point, of the Quantity,
+	which is to be drunke: at what
+	Time; and by what persons: because if
+	it be drunk beyond measure, not onely of
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_36" title="36"></a><em>Chocolate</em>, but of all other drinkes, or
+	meates, though of themselves they are
+	good and wholsome, they may be hurtfull.
+	And if any finde it Opilative, it
+	comes by the too much use of it; as when
+	one drinkes over much Wine, in stead of
+	comforting, and warming himselfe, he
+	breeds, and nourisheth cold diseases; because
+	Nature cannot overcome it, nor
+	turne so great a quantity into good nourishment.
+	So he that drinkes much <em>Chocolate</em>,
+	which hath fat parts, cannot make
+	distribution of so great a quantity to all
+	the parts; and that part which remaines
+	in the slender veines of the Liver, must
+	needs cause Opilations, and Obstructions.</p>
+
+	<p>To avoid this inconvenience; you must
+	onely take five or six ounces, in the morning,
+	if it be in winter; and if the party
+	who takes it, be Cholerick, in stead of
+	ordinary water, let him take the distilled
+	water of Endive. The same reason serves
+	in Summer, for those, who take it physically,
+	having the Liver hot and obstructed.
+	If his Liver be cold and obstructed,
+	then to use the water of <em>Rubarb</em>.
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_37" title="37"></a><a class="print_signature" id="signature_D3" title="D3"></a>And to conclude, you may take it till the
+	Moneth of <em>May</em>, especially in temperate
+	dayes. But I doe not approve, that in
+	the Dogdayes it should be taken in
+	<em>Spaine</em>, unlesse it be one, who by custome
+	of taking it, receives no prejudice by
+	it. And if he be of a hot Constitution,
+	and that he have neede to take it in that
+	season, let it, as is said before, be mingled
+	with water of <em>Endive</em>; and once in foure
+	dayes, and chiefely when he findes his
+	stomacke in the morning to be weake
+	and fainting. And though it be true,
+	that, in the <em>Indies</em>, they use it all the yeare
+	long, it being a very hot Countrey, and
+	so it may seeme by the same reason it
+	may be taken in <em>Spaine</em>: First, I say, that
+	Custome may allow it: Secondly, that
+	as there is an extraordinary proportion
+	of heate, so there is also of moisture;
+	which helpes, with the exorbitant heat,
+	to open the pores; and so dissipates, and
+	impoverisheth our substance, or naturall
+	vigor: by reason whereof, not only in
+	the morning, but at any time of the day,
+	they use it without prejudice. And this
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_38" title="38"></a>is most true, that the excessive heate of
+	the Country, drawes out the naturall
+	heate, and disperseth that of the stomack
+	and of the inward parts: Insomuch that
+	though the weather be never so hot, yet
+	the stomack being cold, it usually doth
+	good. I do not onely say this of the <em>Chocolate</em>,
+	which, as I have proved, hath a
+	moderate heate; But if you drinke pure
+	wine, be the weather never so hot, it hurts
+	not, but rather comforts the stomack;
+	and if in hot weather you drinke water,
+	the hurt it doth is apparant, in that it
+	cooles the stomack too much; from
+	whence comes a viciated Concoction,
+	and a thousand other inconveniences.</p>
+
+	<p>You must also observe, that it being
+	granted, as I have said, that there are earthy
+	parts in the <em>Cacao</em>, which fall to the
+	bottome of the Cup, when you make the
+	drinke, divers are of the opinion, that,
+	that which remaines, is the best and the
+	more substantiall; and they hurt themselves
+	not a litle, by drinking of it. For
+	besides, that it is an earthy substance,
+	thick, and stopping, it is of a malancho<a class="pagenum" id="page_39" title="39"></a>ly Nature; and therefore you must avoid
+	the drinking of it, contenting your selfe
+	with the best, which is the most substantiall.</p>
+
+	<p>Last of all, there rests one difficulty to
+	be resolved, formerly poynted at; namely,
+	what is the cause, why <em>Chocolate</em> makes
+	most of them that drinke it, fat. For considering
+	that all of the Ingredients, except
+	the <em>Cacao</em>, do rather extenuate, than
+	make fat, because they are hot and dry in
+	the third degree. For we have already
+	said, that the qualities which do predominate
+	in <em>Cacao</em>, are cold, and dry; which
+	are very unfit to adde any substance to
+	the body. Neverthelesse, I say, that the
+	many unctuous parts, which I have proved
+	to be in the <em>Cacao</em>, are those, which
+	pinguifie, and make fat; and the hotter
+	ingredients of this Composition, serve
+	for a guide, or vehicall, to passe to the
+	Liver, and the other parts, untill they
+	come to the fleshy parts; and there finding
+	a like substance, which is hot and
+	moyst, as is the unctuous part, converting
+	it selfe into the same substance, it doth
+	<a class="pagenum" id="page_40" title="40"></a>augment and pinguifie. Much more
+	might be said from the ground of Philosophy,
+	and Physique; but because that
+	is fitter for the Schooles, than for this discourse;
+	I leave it, and onely give this
+	Caution, that in my Receipt, you may
+	adde Mellon seeds, and seeds of Pompions
+	of <em>Valencia</em>, dryed, and beaten into
+	powder, where there is any heat of the
+	Liver or Kidnyes. And if there be any
+	obstructions of the Liver, or Spleene,
+	with any cold distemper, you may mixe
+	the powder of <em>Ceterach</em>; to which you
+	may adde Amber, or Muske, to please the
+	scent.</p>
+
+	<p>And it will be no small matter, to have
+	pleased all, with this Discourse.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div id="finis_1" class="finish">
+	<h2>FINIS.</h2>
+</div>
+<div id="appendix_1" class="section">
+	<!--Page I-->
+	<h2><a class="print_signature" id="signature_E" title="E"></a><span class="medium_size">How to make use of the <em>Chocolate</em>,</span><br />
+    to be taken as a drinke, exceeding<br />
+    cordiall for the comfort of<br />
+    the healthfull, and also for<br />
+    <span class="smaller_size">those in weaknesse and Consumptions,<br />
+    to be dissolved<br />
+    in Milke or Water.</span></h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">If you please to take it in milke, to a
+	quart, three ounces of <em>Chocolate</em> will
+	be sufficient: Scrape your <em>Chocolate</em>
+	very fine, put it into your milke when it
+	boiles, work it very well with the <em>Spanish</em>
+	Instrument called <em>Molenillo</em> between your
+	hands: which Instrument must be of wood,
+	with a round knob made very round, and
+	cut ragged, that as you turne it in your
+	hands, the milke may froth and dissolve the
+	<em>Chocolate</em> the better: then set the milke
+	on the fire againe, untill it be ready to boyle:
+	having the yelke of two eggs well beaten
+	with some of the hot milke; then put your
+	<!--Page II-->eggs into the milke, and <em>Chocolate</em> and
+	<em>Sugar</em>, as much as you like for your taste,
+	and worke all together with the <em>Molenillo</em>,
+	and thus drinke a good draught: or if you
+	please you may slice a little Manchet into a
+	dish, and so eate it for a breakfast: you may
+	if you please make your <em>Chocolate</em> with
+	Water and Sugar, working it after the same
+	order with your <em>Molenillo</em>, which for some
+	weake stomacks may chance to be better
+	liked. And many there be that beat Almonds,
+	and strayne them into the water it is boyled,
+	and wrought with the <em>Chocolate</em> and Sugar:
+	others like to put the yelkes of eggs as
+	before in the milke, and even sweeten it
+	with Sugar to your taste: If you drinke a
+	good draught of this in a morning, you may
+	travell all the day without any other thing,
+	this is so Substantiall and Cordiall.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div id="appendix_2" class="section">
+	<!--Page III-->
+	<h2 class="section_title">The manner of making <em>Chocolate</em>.</h2>
+
+	<p class="first_paragraph">Set a Pot of Conduit Water over
+	the fire untill it boiles, then to every
+	person that is to drink, put an ounce
+	of <em>Chocolate</em>, with as much Sugar into
+	another Pot; wherein you must poure a
+	pint of the said boiling Water, and
+	therein mingle the <em>Chocolate</em> and the Sugar,
+	with the instrument called <em>El Molinillo</em>,
+	untill it be thoroughly incorporated:
+	which done, poure in as many halfe pints
+	of the said Water as there be ounces of
+	<em>Chocolate</em>, and if you please, you may
+	put in one or two yelks of fresh Eggs,
+	which must be beaten untill they froth
+	very much; the hotter it is drunke, the
+	better it is, being cold it may doe harme.
+	You may likewise put in a slice of white
+	bred or Bisquet, and eate that with the
+	<em>Chocolate</em>. The newer and fresher made
+	it is, the more benefit you shall finde by
+	it; that which comes from forreigne
+	parts, and is stale, is not so good as that
+	which is made here.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="finis_2" class="finish">
+	<h2>FINIS.</h2>
+</div>
+<div id="transcriber_note">
+	<h2 class="note_title">Transcriber&#8217;s Note:</h2>
+
+	<p>In general, spelling and punctuation are as found. Changes have been made as follows:</p>
+	<ul>
+		<li>Title Page:
+			<ul>
+				<li>The date <a href="#errata_0" title="Go to changed item">1652</a> is from the catalogue entry. The last digit is obscured (165?) in the original.</li>
+				<li>Colminero changed to <a href="#errata_1" title="Go to changed item">Colmenero</a> (matches other occurrences in the text).</li>
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li>Poem:
+			<ul>
+				<li>Chonolate changed to <a href="#errata_2" title="Go to changed item">Chocolate</a></li>
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li>First Point:
+			<ul>
+				<li>re-received changed to <a href="#errata_3" title="Go to changed item">received</a></li>
+				<li>an-answered changed to <a href="#errata_4" title="Go to changed item">answered</a></li>
+				<li>primaq; expanded to <a href="#expansion_1" title="Go to changed item">primaque</a></li>
+				<li>Removed duplicated word &#8220;it&#8221; in &#8220;though <a href="#errata_5" title="Go to changed item">it</a> excuse not&#8221;</li>
+				<li>Sidenote <a href="#errata_6" title="Go to changed item">Ta-asco.</a> is unclear in the scan and was left as found.</li>
+				<li>cumq; expanded to <a href="#expansion_2" title="Go to changed item">cumque</a></li>
+				<li>dulcisq; expanded to <a href="#expansion_3" title="Go to changed item">dulcisque</a></li>
+				<li>comm&otilde; expanded to <a href="#expansion_4" title="Go to changed item">common</a></li>
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li>Second Point:
+			<ul>
+				<li>Cocao changed to <a href="#errata_7" title="Go to changed item">Cacao</a></li>
+				<li>Duplicated signature mark B4 changed to <a href="#signature_C4" title="Go to changed item">C4</a></li>
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+
+</div>
+<div id="the_end">&nbsp;</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by 
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@@ -0,0 +1,1486 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by
+Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke
+       By the wise and Moderate use whereof, Health is preserved,
+       Sicknesse Diverted, and Cured, especially the Plague of
+       the Guts; vulgarly called _The New Disease_; Fluxes,
+       Consumptions, & Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry other
+       desperate Diseases. By it also, Conception is Caused, the
+       Birth Hastened and facilitated, Beauty Gain'd and continued.
+
+Author: Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
+Translator: James Wadsworth
+
+Release Date: May 2, 2007 [EBook #21271]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHOCOLATE: OR, AN INDIAN DRINKE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Barbara Tozier and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+                              CHOCOLATE:
+
+                                 OR,
+
+                         An _Indian_ Drinke.
+
+
+                By the wise and Moderate use whereof,
+                    Health is preserved, Sicknesse
+                 Diverted, and Cured, especially the
+                 Plague of the Guts; vulgarly called
+               _The New Disease_; Fluxes, Consumptions,
+                  & Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry
+                   other desperate Diseases. By it
+                     also, Conception is Caused,
+                        the Birth Hastened and
+                         facilitated, Beauty
+                        Gain'd and continued.
+
+
+       Written Originally in _Spanish_, by _Antonio Colmenero_
+                  of _Ledesma_, Doctor in Physicke,
+               and faithfully rendred in the _English_,
+
+                      By Capt. JAMES WADSWORTH.
+
+
+
+                               LONDON,
+            Printed by _J. G._ for _Iohn Dakins_, dwelling
+               neare the _Vine Taverne_ in _Holborne_,
+                 where this Tract, together with the
+                   _Chocolate_ it selfe, may be had
+                      at reasonable rates. 1652
+
+
+
+
+TO THE GENTRY OF The ENGLISH Nation.
+
+
+Sirs,
+
+_The ensuing Tract, I, many yeares since Translated out of the
+Originall _Spanish_, and Dedicated to the Right Honorable _Edward_
+Lord _Conway_, &amp;c. by whose Noble Patronage, the Confection
+whereof it Treats, together with it selfe, were first admitted into
+the _English_ Court, where they received the Approbation of the most
+Noble and Iuditious those dayes afforded. Since which time, it hath
+beene universally sought for, and thirsted after by people of all
+Degrees (especially those of the Female sex) either for the Pleasure
+therein Naturally Residing, to Cure, and divert Diseases; Or else to
+supply some Defects of Nature, wherein it chalenges a speciall
+Prerogative above all other Medicines whatsoever._
+
+_The Author thereof was one _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_, who
+sometimes lived in the _West Indies_, where it is very much used, and
+held in great esteeme, untill this day; as also in _Spaine_, _Italy_,
+and _Flanders_, and admired by the most learned Doctors of all those
+Nations._
+
+_As for the Name [_Chocolate_] it is an _Indian_ word, compounded of
+_Ate_ (as some say,) or (as others) _Atle_, which in the _Mexican
+Language_, signifieth _Water_; And _Choco_, the noise that the Water
+(wherein the _Chocolate_ is put) maketh, when it is stirred in a Cup,
+untill it Bubble and rise unto a Froth: And may be called in _English_
+A Compounded, or Confectioned drinke._
+
+_The Confection it selfe, consists of severall Ingredients according
+to the different Constitutions of those that use it: the Principall of
+which is called _Cacao_, [a kind of Nut, or kernell, bigger then a
+great Almond, which growes upon a tree called the Tree of _Cacao_]
+containing in it the Quality of the Foure Elements, as will appeare in
+the following Discourse._
+
+_The vertues thereof are no lesse various, then Admirable. For,
+besides that it preserves Health, and makes such as drink it often,
+Fat, and Corpulent, faire and Amiable, it vehemently Incites to
+_Venus_, and causeth Conception in women, hastens and facilitates
+their Delivery: It is an excellent help to Digestion, it cures
+Consumptions, and the Cough of the Lungs, the New Disease, or Plague
+of the Guts, and other Fluxes, the Green Sicknesse, Jaundise, and all
+manner of Inflamations, Opilations, and Obstructions. It quite takes
+away the Morphew, Cleanseth the Teeth, and sweetneth the Breath,
+Provokes Urine, Cures the Stone, and strangury, Expells Poison, and
+preserves from all infectious Diseases._
+
+_But I shall not assume to enumerate all the vertues of this
+Confection: for that were Impossible, every day producing New and
+Admirable effects in such as drinke it: I shall rather referre to the
+Testimony of those Noble Personages who are known constantly to use
+and receive constant and manifold benefits by it, having hereby no
+other Aime then the Generall good of this Common-wealth (whereof I am
+a Faithfull Member) and to be esteemed (as really I am)_
+
+                              _Gentlemen_,
+
+     Westminster                      Your Affectionate Friend
+     _Decemb._ 20.                    to love and serve you,
+     1651.
+                                      _Don Diego de Vadesforte._
+
+
+
+
+                          _THE TRANSLATOR_,
+                      To every Individuall Man,
+                  and Woman, Learn'd, or unlearn'd,
+                     Honest, or Dishonest: In the
+                         due Praise of Divine
+                             _CHOCOLATE_.
+
+
+  _Doctors_ lay by your _Irksome Books_
+  And all ye Petty-Fogging _Rookes_
+  Leave _Quacking_; and _Enucleate_
+  The _vertues_ of our _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let th' _Universall Medicine_
+  (Made up of Dead-mens _Bones_ and _Skin_,)
+  Be henceforth _Illegitimate_,
+  And yeild to _Soveraigne-Chocolate_.
+
+  Let _Bawdy-Baths_ be us'd no more;
+  Nor _Smoaky-Stoves_ but by the whore
+  Of _Babilon_: since _Happy-Fate_
+  Hath _Blessed_ us with _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let old _Punctaeus_ Greaze his _shooes_
+  With his _Mock-Balsome_: and Abuse
+  No more the World: But _Meditate_
+  The _Excellence_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let _Doctor Trigg_ (who so Excells)
+  No longer Trudge to _Westwood-Wells_:
+  For though that water _Expurgate_,
+  'Tis but the _Dreggs_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Let all the _Paracelsian_ Crew
+  Who can Extract _Christian_ from _Jew_;
+  Or out of _Monarchy_, A _State_,
+  Breake `all their _Stills_ for _Chocolate_.
+
+  Tell us no more of _Weapon-Salve_,
+  But rather Doome us to a _Grave_:
+  For sure our wounds will _Ulcerate_,
+  Unlesse they're _wash'd_ with _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Thriving Saint_, who will not come
+  Within a _Sack-Shop_'s Bowzing-Roome
+  (His _Spirit_ to _Exhilerate_)
+  Drinkes _Bowles_ (at home) of _Chocolate_.
+
+  His _Spouse_ when she (_Brimfull_ of _Sense_)
+  Doth want _her due Benevolence_,
+  And _Babes_ of _Grace_ would _Propagate_,
+  Is alwayes Sipping _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Roaring-Crew_ of _Gallant-Ones_
+  Whose _Marrow_ Rotts within their _Bones_:
+  Their _Bodyes_ quickly _Regulate_,
+  If once but _Sous'd_ in _Chocolate_.
+
+  Young _Heires_ that have more _Land_ then Wit,
+  When once they doe but _Tast_ of it,
+  Will rather spend their whole _Estate_,
+  Then _weaned_ be from _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Nut-Browne-Lasses_ of the Land
+  Whom _Nature_ vayl'd in _Face_ and _Hand_,
+  Are quickly _Beauties_ of _High-Rate_,
+  By one small _Draught_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Besides, it saves the _Moneys_ lost
+  Each day in _Patches_, which did cost
+  Them deare, untill of Late
+  They found this _Heavenly Chocolate_.
+
+  Nor need the _Women_ longer _grieve_
+  Who _spend_ their _Oyle_, yet not _conceive_,
+  For 'tis a _Helpe-Immediate_,
+  If such but _Lick_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  _Consumptions_ too (be well assur'd)
+  Are no lesse _soone_ then _soundly_ cur'd:
+  (Excepting such as doe Relate
+  Unto the _Purse_) by _Chocolate_.
+
+  Nay more: It's _vertue_ is so much,
+  That if a _Lady_ get a _Touch_,
+  Her griefe it will _Extenuate_,
+  If she but _smell_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  The _Feeble-Man_, whom _Nature_ Tyes
+  To doe his Mistresse's _Drudgeries_;
+  O how it will _his minde Elate_,
+  If _shee_ allow him _Chocolate_!
+
+  'Twill make Old women _Young_ and _Fresh_;
+  Create _New-Motions_ of the _Flesh_,
+  And cause them _long for you know what_,
+  If they but _Tast_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  There's ne're a _Common Counsell-Man_,
+  Whose _Life_ would Reach unto a _Span_,
+  Should he not _Well-Affect_ the _State_,
+  And _First_ and _Last_ Drinke _Chocolate_.
+
+  Nor e're a _Citizen_'s Chast wife,
+  That ever shall prolong her _Life_,
+  (Whilst _open_ stands _Her Posterne-Gate_)
+  Unlesse she _drinke_ of _Chocolate_.
+
+  Nor dost the _Levite_ any Harme,
+  It keepeth his _Devotion_ warme,
+  And eke the _Hayre_ upon his _Pate_,
+  So long as he drinkes _Chocolate_.
+
+  Both _High_ and _Low_, both _Rich_ and _Poore_
+  My _Lord_, my _Lady_, and his _--_
+  With all the _Folkes_ at _Billingsgate_,
+  _Bow_, _Bow_ your _Hamms_ to _Chocolate_.
+
+                                        Don Diego de Vadesforte.
+
+
+
+
+To the Author,
+
+Great Don, Grandee of _Spaine_, Illostrissimo of _Venice_, High and
+mighty King of _Candie_, Great Bashaw of _Babilon_, Prince of the
+Moone, Lord of the Seven Starres, Governour of the Castle of
+_Comfort_, Sole Admirall of the Floating _Caravan_, Author of Th'
+_Europian_ Mercury, Chiefe Generall and Admirall of the Invisible
+Fleet and Army of _Terra Incognita_,
+
+                                           Cap. James Wadsworth.
+
+
+
+
+_The Allowance of _Melchor De Lara_, Physitian Generall for the
+Kingdome of _Spaine_._
+
+
+I Doctor _Melchor de Lara_ Physitian Generall for the Kingdom of
+_Spaine_, at the command of _Don John de Velasco_, and _Asebedo_,
+Vicar Generall of _Madrid_, have seene this Treatise of _Chocolate_,
+composed by _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_; which is very learned,
+and curious, and therefore it ought to be Licensed for the Presse; it
+containing nothing contrary to good manners; and cannot but be very
+pleasing to those, who are affected to _Chocolate_. In testimony
+whereof, I have subscribed my Name, in _Madrid_ the 23. day of
+_August_. 1631.
+
+                                              _Melchor de Lara._
+
+
+
+
+The Testimoniall of _John de Mena_, Doctor and Physitian to the King
+of _Spaine_.
+
+_I _John de Mena_, Physitian to his Majesty, and one of the Counsell
+Generall of the Inquisition, have seene this Treatise of _Chocolate_
+(composed by Doctor _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_) by command of
+the _Supreame Royall Court of Justice_: which containeth nothing
+contrary to good Manners, and the Subject if very learnedly handled,
+and with great Iudgement; and no doubt, but it will give much pleasure
+and content to all those, who are affected to _Chocolate_; and
+therefore may be printed: And in confirmation of this truth, I have
+hereto subscribed my Name the 17. of _Septemb._ 1631._
+
+                              John de Mena _Doctor in Physicke_.
+
+
+
+
+To the Reader.
+
+
+The number is so great of those, who, in these times, drinke
+_Chocolate_, that not only in the _Indies_, where this kind of Drink
+hath its originall; but it is also much used in _Spain_, _Italy_ and
+_Flanders_, and particularly at the Cour. And many doe speake diversly
+of it, according to the benefit, or hurt, they receive from it: Some
+saying, that it is stopping: Others, and those the greater part, that
+it makes one fat: Others, that the use of it strengthens the stomacke:
+Others, that it heates, and burns them: And others say, that although
+they take it every houre, and in the Dogdayes, yet they finde
+themselves well with it. And therefore my desire is, to take this
+paines, for the pleasure, and profit of the publicke; endeavouring to
+accommodate it to the content of all, according to the variety of
+those things, wherewith it may be mixt; that so every man may make
+choise of that, which shal be most agreeable to his disposition. I
+have not seene any, who hath written any thing, concerning this
+drinke; but onely a Physitian of _Marchena_, who (as it seemes) writ
+onely by Relation; holding an opinion, that the _Chocolate_ is
+stopping, because that _Cacao_ (the principall Ingredient of which it
+is made) is cold, and dry. But because this onely reason, may not have
+power to keepe some from the use of it, who are troubled with
+Opilations; I thinke fit to defend this _Confection_, with
+Philosophicall Reasons, against any whosoever will condemne this
+Drinke, which is so wholesome, and so good, knowing how to make the
+Paste in that manner, that it may be agreeable to divers dispositions,
+in the moderate drinking of it. And so, with all possible brevity,
+shall distinguish and divide this Treatise into foure poynts, or
+Heads. In the first place I shall declare, what _Chocolate_ is; and
+what are the Qualities of _Cacao_, and the other Ingredients of this
+_Confection_; where I shall treate of the Receipt set downe by the
+aforesaid Author of _Marchena_, and declare my opinion concerning the
+same. The second point shall treate of the Quality, which resulteth
+out of the mixture of these Simples, which are put into it. In the
+third place the manner of Compounding; and how many wayes they use to
+drink it in the _Indies_. In the fourth, and last place I shall treat
+of the Quantity; and how it ought to be taken; at what time; and by
+what persons.
+
+
+
+
+_The first Point._
+
+
+Concerning the first Point, I say, that _Chocolate_ is a name of the
+_Indians_; which in our vulgar Castilian, we may call a certaine
+_Confection_, in which (among the Ingredients) the principall _Basis_,
+and Foundation, is the _Cacao_; of whose Nature and Quality it is
+necessary first to treat: And therefore I say, according to the common
+received opinion, that it is cold, and dry, _a praedominio_; that is to
+say, that though it be true, that every Simple containes in it the
+Qualities of the foure Elements, in the action, and re-action, which
+it hath in it, yet there results another distinct quality, which we
+call Complexion.
+
+This Quality or Complexion, which ariseth of this Mixture, is not
+alwayes one, and the same; neither hath it the effect in all the
+mixtures, but they may be varied nine wayes; four _Simple_, from
+whence one onely quality doth abound; and foure _Compounded_, from
+whence two Symbolizing qualities are predominant; and one other, which
+we call _ad pondus_, which is of all these fore-said qualities, which
+are in _aequilibrio_, that is to say, in equall measure and degree.
+
+Of all these the Complexion of _Cacao_ is composed, since there arise
+two qualities, which are cold, and dry; and in the substance, that
+rules them, hath it _restringent_ and _obstructive_, of the nature of
+the Element of the _Earth_. And then, as it is a Mixed, and not a
+simple Element, it must needs have parts correspondent to the rest of
+the Elements; and particularly, it partakees (and that, not a little)
+of those, which correspond with the Element of Aire, that is, Heat and
+Moysture, which are governed by the Unctious parts; there being drawne
+out of the _Cacao_ much Butter, which, in the _Indies_ I have seene
+drawne out if it, for the Face, by the _Criollas_.
+
+It may Philosophically be objected, in this manner: _Two contrary
+Qualities, and Disagreeing, cannot be _in gradu intenso_, in one and
+the same Subject: _Cacao_ is cold and drie, in predominency:
+Therefore, it cannot have the qualities contrary to those; which are
+Heat, and Moysture. The first Proposition is most certaine, and
+grounded upon good Philosophy: The second is consented unto, by all:
+The third, which is the Conclusion, is regular._
+
+It cannot be denyed, but that the _Argument_ is very strong, and these
+reasons being considered by him of _Marchena_, have made him affirme,
+that _Chocolate_ is Obstructive; it seeming to be contrary to
+Philosophy, that in it there should be found _Heat_ and _Moysture_,
+_in gradu intenso_; and to be so likewise in _Cold_ and _Dry_.
+
+To this, there are two things to be answered: One, that he never saw
+the experience of drawing out the Butter, which I have done; and that
+when the _Chocolate_ is made without adding any thing to the dryed
+Powder, which is incorporated, onely by beating it well together, and
+is united, and made into a Paste, which is a signe, that there is a
+moist, and glutinous part, which, of necessity, must correspond with
+the Element of Aire.
+
+The other reason, we will draw from Philosophy; affirming that, in the
+_Cacao_, there are different substances. In the one, that is to say,
+in that, which is not so fat, it hath a greater quantity of the Oylie,
+then of the earthie Substance; and in the fatter part, it hath more of
+the earthy than of the Oily substance. In these there is Heate and
+Moysture in predominancy; and in the other, cold and dry.
+
+Notwithstanding that it is hard to be believed, that in one and the
+same substance, and so little of the _Cacao_, it can have substances
+so different: To the end that it may appeare more easie, clear, and
+evident, first we see it in the _Rubarbe_, which hath in it hot and
+soluble parts, and parts which are Binding, Cold and Dry, which have a
+vertue to strengthen, binde, and stop the loosenesse of the Belly: I
+say also, that he that sees and considers the steele, so much of the
+nature of the earth, as being heavy, thick, cold, and dry; it seemes
+to be thought unproper for the curing of Opilations, but rather to be
+apt to encrease them; and yet it is given for a proper remedy against
+them.
+
+This difficulty is cleared thus, that though it be true, that it hath
+much of the Earthy part; yet it hath also parts of Sulphur, and of
+quick silver, which doe open, and disopilate; neither doth it so,
+untill it be helped by Art, as it is ground, stirred, and made fine,
+in the preparing of it; the Sulphurous parts, and those of
+quick-silver, being thinne, active, and penetrative, they mingle, at
+the last with those parts, which are Earthy and astringent: Insomuch,
+that they being mingled after this manner one with another, we cannot
+now say, that the steele is astringent, but rather, that it is
+penetrative, attenuating and opening. Let us prove this Doctrine by
+Authorities; and let the first be from _Gallen_, _l. 3._ of the
+qualities of Simples, _c. 14._ Where, first of all he teacheth, that
+almost all those Medicines, which, to our sence, seeme to be _Simple_,
+are notwithstanding naturally _Compounded_, containing in themselves
+contrary qualities; and that is to say, a quality to expell, and to
+retaine; to incrassate, and attenuate; to rarifie, and to condense.
+Neither are we to wonder at it, it being understood, that in every
+fore-said Medicine, there is a quality to heat, and to coole; to
+moisten and to dry. And whatsoever Medicine it be, it hath in it,
+thick, and thinne parts; rare, and dense; soft, and hard. And in the
+fifteenth Chapter following, in the same Book, he puts an example of
+the Broth of a Cock, which moves the Belly; and the flesh hath the
+vertue to bind. He puts also the example of the _Aloes_, which if it
+be washt, looseth the Purgative vertue; or that which it hath, is but
+weake.
+
+That this differing vertue, and faculty, is found in divers
+substances, or parts of simple Medicaments, _Gallen_ shewes in the
+first Booke of his simple Medicines, and the seventeenth Chapter,
+bringing the example of Milke; in which, three substances are found,
+and separated, that is to say, the substance of Cheese, which hath the
+vertue to stop the Fluxe of the Belly; and the substance of Whay,
+which is purging; and Butter, as it is expressed in the said _Gallen_,
+_Cap. 15._ Also we finde in Wine which is in the Must, three
+substances, that is to say, earth, which is the chiefe; and a thinner
+substance, which is the flower, and may be called the scum, or froath:
+and a third substance which we properly call Wine; And every one of
+these substances, containes in it selfe divers qualities, and vertues;
+in the colour, in the smell, and in other Accidents.
+
+_Aristotle_ in the fourth Book of the Meteors and the first Chapter,
+treating of Putrefaction, he found the same substances; and in the
+second Chapter next following, where he that is curious may read it.
+And also by the Doctrine of _Galen_, and of _Aristotle_, divers
+substances are attributed to every of the mixt under one and the same
+forme and quantity; which is very conformable to reason, if we
+consider, that every Aliment be it never so simple, begets, and
+produceth in the liver, foure humours, not onely differing in temper,
+but also in substance; and begets more or lesse of that humour,
+according as that Aliment hath more or fewer parts corresponding to
+the substance of that humour, which is most ingendred. And so in cold
+diseases, we give warme nourishment; and cold nourishment, in hot
+diseases.
+
+From which evident examples, and many others, which we might produce
+to this purpose, we may gather, that, when we grind and stir the
+_Cacao_, the divers parts, which Nature hath given it, doe
+artificially, and intimately mixe themselves one with another; and so
+the unctuous, warme, and moist parts, mingled with the earthy (as we
+have said of the steele) represses, and leaves them not so binding, as
+they were before; but rather with a mediocritie, more inclining to the
+warme, and moist temper of the Aire, then to the cold and dry of the
+Earth; as it doth appeare when it is made fit to drinke; that you
+scarce give it two turnes with the Molinet when there riseth a fatty
+scumme: by which you may see how much it partaketh of the Oylie part.
+
+From which doctrine I gather, that the Author of _Marchena_, was in an
+errour, who, writing of _Chocolate_, saith that it causeth Opilations,
+because _Cacao_ is astringent; as if that astriction were not
+corrected, by the intimate mixing of one part with another, by meanes
+of the grinding, as is said before. Besides, it having so many
+ingredients, which are naturally hot, it must of necessity have this
+effect; that is to say, to open, attenuate, and not to binde; and,
+indeed, there is no cause of bringing more examples, or producing more
+reasons, for this truth, then that which we see in the _Cacao_ it
+self: which, if it be not stirred, and compounded, as aforesaid, to
+make the _Chocolate_. But eating of it, as it is in the fruite, as the
+_Criollas_ eate it in the _Indies_, it doth notably obstruct, and
+cause stoppings; for no other cause but this, that the divers
+substances which it containes, are not perfectly mingled by the
+mastication onely, but require the artificiall mixture, which we have
+spoken of before.
+
+Besides, our Adversary should have considered, and called to his
+memory, the first rudiments of Philosophy, that _a dicto secundum
+quid, ad dictum simpliciter, non valet consequentia_; As it is not
+enough to say, the Black-a-Moore is white, because his teeth are
+white; for he may be blacke, though he hath white teeth; and so it is
+not enough to say, that the _Cacao_ is stopping; and therefore the
+Confection, which is made of it, is also stopping.
+
+The Tree, which beares this fruit, is so delicate; and the earth,
+where it growes, is so extreme hot, that to keepe the tree from being
+consumed by the Sun, they first plant other trees; and when they are
+growne up to a good height, then they plant the _Cacao_ trees; that
+when it first shewes it selfe above the ground, those trees which are
+already growne, may shelter it from the Sunne; and the fruit doth not
+grow naked, but ten or twelve of them are in one Gorde or Cod, which
+is of the bignesse of a greate black Figge, or bigger, and of the same
+forme, and colour.
+
+There are two sorts of _Cacao_; the one is common, which is of a gray
+colour, inclining towards red; the other is broader and bigger, which
+they call _Patlaxte_, and this is white, and more drying; whereby it
+causeth watchfulnesse, and drives away sleepe, and therefore it is not
+so usefull, as the ordinary. This shall suffice to be said of the
+_Cacao_.
+
+And as for the rest of the ingredients, which make our _Chocolaticall_
+Confection, there is notable variety; because some doe put into it
+black Pepper, and also _Tauasco_[A]; which is not proper, because it
+is so hot and dry; but onely for one, who hath a very cold Liver. And
+of this opinion, was a certaine Doctor of the University of _Mexico_,
+of whom a Religious man of good credit told me, that he finding the
+ordinary round Pepper was not fit to bring his purpose about, and to
+the end, he might discover, whether the long red pepper were more
+proper, he made triall upon the liver of a Sheepe; and putting the
+ordinary pepper on one side, and the red pepper[B] on the other, after
+24 hours, the part, where the ordinary pepper lay, was dryed up; and
+the other part continued moist, as if nothing had bin thrown upon it.
+
+    [A] A red roote like madder.
+
+    [B] Chile.
+
+The Receipt of him who wrote at _Marchena_, is this: Of _Cacaos_, 700;
+of white Sugar, one pound and a halfe; Cinnamon, 2. ounces; of long
+red pepper, 14. of Cloves, halfe an ounce: Three Cods of the Logwood
+or Campeche tree; or in steade of that, the weight of 2. Reals, or a
+shilling of Anniseeds; as much of _Agiote_, as will give the colour,
+which is about the quantity of a Hasell-nut. Some put in Almons,
+kernells of Nuts, and Orenge-flower-water.
+
+Concerning this Receipt I shall first say, This shooe will not fit
+every foote; but for those, who have diseases, or are inclining to be
+infirme, you may either adde, or take away, according to the
+necessity, and temperature of every one: and I hold it not amisse,
+that Sugar be put into it, when it is drunke, so that it be according
+to the quantity I shall hereafter set downe. And sometimes they make
+Tablets of the Sugar, and the _Chocolate_ together: which they doe
+onely to please the Pallats, as the Dames of _Mexico_ doe use it; and
+they are there sold in shops, and are confected and eaten like other
+sweet-meats. For the Cloves, which are put into this drinke, by the
+Author aforesaid, the best Writers of this Composition use them not;
+peradventure upon this reason: that although they take away the ill
+savour of the mouth, they binde; as a learned Writer hath exprest in
+these verses:
+
+  Foetorem emendat oris Cariophilia foedum;
+  Constringunt ventrem, primaque membra juvant.
+
+  _Cloves doe perfume a stincking Breath, and Bind
+  The Belly; Hence the prime members comfort find._
+
+And because they are binding (and hot and dry in the third degree)
+they must not be used, though they help the chiefe parts of
+Concoction, which are the Stomacke and the Liver, as appeares by the
+Verses before recited.
+
+The Huskes or Cods of Logwood, or Campeche, are very good, and smell
+like Fennell; and every one puts in of these, because they are not
+very hot; though it excuse not the putting in of Annis-seed, as sayes
+the Author of this Receipt; for there is no _Chocolate_ without it,
+because it is good for many cold diseases, being hot in the third
+degree; and to temper the coldnesse of the _Cacao_; and that it may
+appeare, it helpes the indisposition of Cold parts, I will cite the
+Verses of one curious in this Art:
+
+  Morbosus renes, vesicam, guttura, vulnam,
+  Intestina, jecur, cumque lyene caput
+  Confortat, variisque Anisum subdita morbis
+  Membra: istud tantum vim leve semen habet.
+
+  _The Reyns, the Bladder, throat, & thing between--
+  Enatrailes and Liver, with the Head, and spleen
+  And other Parts, by [C] it are comforted:
+  So great a vertue's in that little seed._
+
+    [C] Annis.
+
+The quantity of a Nut of the _Achiote_[D] is too little to colour the
+quantity made according to his Receipt; and therefore, he that makes
+it, may put in it, as much as he thinkes fit.
+
+    [D] Ta-asco.
+
+Those, who adde Almons, and Nuts, doe not ill; because they give it
+more body and substance then _Maiz_ or _Paniso_[E], which others use;
+and for my part, I should always put it into _Chocolate_, for Almonds
+(besides what I have said of them before) are moderately hot, and have
+a thinne juice; but you must not use new Almons, as a learned Author
+sayes in these Verses.
+
+     [E] A graine like Millet.
+
+  Dat modice calidum dulcisque Amigdala succum,
+  Et tenuem; inducunt plurima damna nova.
+
+  _New Almonds yeild a Hot and slender juice,
+  But bring new mischiefs by too often use._
+
+
+And the small Nuts are not ill for our purpose; for they have almost
+the temper, which the Almons have; onely because they are dryer, they
+come nearer the temper of Choler; and doe therefore strengthen the
+Belly, and the Stomacke, being dryed: for so they must be used for the
+Confection; and they preserve the head from those vapours, which rise
+from the Belly: as it appeares by the said Author in these Verses.
+
+  Bilis Avellanam sequitur; sed roborat alvum
+  Ventris, & a fumis liberat assa caput.
+
+  _Filberds breed Chollar, Th' Belly Fortifie,
+  Benzoin the Head frees from Fumosity._
+
+And therefore they are proper for such as are troubled with
+ventuosities, and _Hypochondriacall_ vapours, which offend the brain,
+and there cause such troublesome dreames, and sad imaginations.
+
+Those who mixe _Maiz_ or _Paniso_ in the _Chocolate_ doe very ill;
+because those graines doe beget a very melancholly humour: as the same
+Author expresseth in these Verses.
+
+  Crassa melancholicum praestant tibi Panica succum
+  Siccant, si penas membra, gelantque foris.
+
+  _Grosse Eares of Corne have Cholorique juice (no doubt)
+  Which dries, if taken inward; cooles without._
+
+It is also apparantly windy; and those which mixe it in this
+_Confection_, doe it onely for their profit, by encreasing the
+quantity of the _Chocolate_; because every _Fanega_ or measure of [F]
+_Grani_ containing about a Bushell and a halfe, is sold for eight
+shillings, and they sell this _Confection_ for foure shillings a
+pound, which is the ordinary price of the _Chocolate_.
+
+    [F] Maiz, or Indian Wheat
+
+The _Cinamon_ is hot and dry in the third degree; it provokes Urine,
+and helps the Kidneys and Reynes of those who are troubled with cold
+diseases; and it is good for the eyes; and in effect, it is cordiall;
+as appeares by the Author of these Verses.
+
+  Commoda & urinae Cinnamomum, & renibus
+  Lumina clarificat, dira venena fugat.   (affert:
+
+  _Cinnamon helps the Reines and Urine well,
+  It cleares the Eyes, and Poison doth expell._
+
+The _Achiote_ hath a piercing attenuating quality, as appeareth by the
+common practice of the Physitians in the _Indies_, experienced daily
+in the effects of it, who doe give it to their Patients, to cut, and
+attenuate the grosse humours, which doe cause shortnesse of breath,
+and stopping of urine; and so it may be used for any kind of
+Opilations; for we give it for the stoppings, which are in the breast,
+or in the Region of the belly, or any other part of the Body.
+
+And concerning the long red Peper, there are foure sorts of it. One is
+called _Chilchotes_: the other very little, which they call
+_Chilterpin_; and these two kinds, are very quicke and biting. The
+other two are called _Tonalchiles_, and these are moderately hot; for
+they are eaten with bread, as they eate other fruits, & they are of a
+yellow colour; and they grow onely about the Townes, which are in, and
+adjoyning to the Lake of _Mexico_. The other Pepper is called
+_Chilpaclagua_, which hath a broad huske, and this is not so biting as
+the first; nor so gentle as the last, and is that, which is usually
+put into the _Chocolate_.
+
+There are also other ingredients, which are used in this _Confection_.
+One called _Mechasuchil_; and another which they call _Vinecaxtli_,
+which in the _Spanish_ they call _Orejuelas_, which are sweet smelling
+Flowers, Aromaticall and hot. And the _Mechasuchil_ hath a Purgative
+quality; for in the _Indies_ they make a purging portion of it. In
+stead of this, in _Spaine_ they put into the _Confection_, powder of
+_Alexandria_, for opening the Belly.
+
+I have spoken of all these Ingredients, that every one may make choise
+of those which please him best, or are most proper for infirmities.
+
+
+
+
+_The second Point._
+
+
+As concerning the second point, I say, as I have said before, that
+though it be true, that the _Cacao_ is mingled with all these
+Ingredients, which are hot; yet there is to be a greater quantity of
+_Cacao_, then of all the rest of the Ingredients, which serve to
+temper the coldnesse of the _Cacao_: Just as when we seek, of two
+Medicines of contrary qualities, to compound one, which shall be of a
+moderate temper: In the same manner doth result the same action and
+re-action of the cold parts of the _Cacao_, and of the hot parts of
+the other ingredients, which makes the _Chocolate_ of so moderate a
+quality, that it differs very little from a mediocrity; and when there
+is not put in any ordinary pepper, or Cloves, but onely a little
+Annisseed (as I shall shew hereafter) we may boldly say, that it is
+very temperate. And this may be proved by reason, and experience:
+(supposing that which _Gallen_ sayes, to be true, that every mixt
+Medicine, warmeth the cold, and cooleth the hot; bringing the examples
+of Oyle of _Roses_.) By experience, I say, that in the _Indies_ (as is
+the custom of that countrey) I comming in a heat to visite a sick
+person, and asking water to refresh me, they perswaded mee to take a
+Draught of _Chocolate_; which quencht my thirst: & in the morning (if
+I took it fasting) it did warme and comfort my stomack. Now let us
+prove it by reason. Wee have already proved, that all the parts of the
+_Cacao_ are not cold. For we have made it appeare that the unctuous
+parts, which are many, be all hot, or temperate: then, though it be
+true, that the quantity of the _Cacao_ is greater than of all the rest
+of the ingredients, yet the cold parts are at the most, not halfe so
+many as the hot; and if for all this they should be more, yet by
+stirring, & mangling of the warme unctuous parts, they are much
+qualified. And, on the other side, it being mixt with the other
+Ingredients, which are hot in the second and third degree, being the
+predominant quality, it must needs be brought to a mediocrity. Like as
+two men, who shake hands, the one being hot, and the other cold, the
+one hand borrows heat, and the other is made colder; and in
+conclusion, neither hand retaines the cold, or heat it had before, but
+both of them remain more temperate. So like-wise two men, who go to
+wrestle, at the first they are in their full vigour and strength; but
+after they have strugled a while, their force lessens by degrees, till
+at last they are both much weaker, than when they began to wrestle.
+And _Aristotle_ was also of this opinion in his fourth Booke of the
+Nature of Beasts, _cap. 3._ Where he sayes, that every Agent suffers
+with the patient; as that which cuts, is made dul by the thing it
+cuts; that which warmes, cooles it selfe; and that which thrusts, or
+forceth forward, is in some sort driven bake it selfe.
+
+From whence I gather, that it is better to use _Chocolate_, after it
+hath beene made some time, a Moneth at the least. I believe this time
+to be necessary, for breaking the contrary qualities of the severall
+Ingredients, and to bring the Drinke to a moderate temper. For, as it
+alwayes falls out at the first, that every contrary will have its
+predominancy, and will worke his owne effects, Nature not liking well
+to be heated and cooled, at the same time. And this is the cause why
+_Gallen_ in his twelfth Booke of _Method_, doth advise not to use
+_Philonium_, till after a yeare, or, at the least, six moneths;
+because it is a composition made of _Opium_ (which is cold in the
+fourth degree) and of Pepper, and other Ingredients, which are hot in
+the third degree. This Theorum, and Doctrine, is made good by the
+practise, which some have made, of whom I have asked, what _Chocolate_
+did best agree with them? and they have affirmed, that the best is
+that which hath beene made some moneths: and that the new doth hurt by
+loosening the Stomack; And, in my opinion, the reason of it is, that
+the unctuous or fat parts, are not altogether corrected, by the earthy
+parts of the _Cacao_. And this I shall thus prove; for, as I shall
+declare hereafter, if you make the _Chocolate_ boyle, when you drinke
+it, the boyling of it divides that fat and oyly part; and that makes a
+relaxation in the Stomacke in the old _Chocolate_, as well as if it
+were new.
+
+So that I conclude in this second point, that the _Chocolaticall
+Confection_ is not so cold as the _Cacao_, nor so hot as the rest of
+the Ingredients; but there results from the action and re-action of
+these Ingredients, a moderate temper which may be good, both for the
+cold and hot stomacks, being taken moderately, as shall be declared
+hereafter; and it having beene made a moneth at the least; as is
+already proved. And so I know not why any many having made experience
+of this _Confection_ (which is composed, as it ought to be, for every
+particular) should speake ill of it. Besides, where it is so much
+used, the most, if not all, as well in the _Indies_, as in _Spain_,
+finde, it agreeth well with them. He of _Merchena_ had no ground in
+saying, that it did cause Opilations. For, if it were so, the Liver
+being obstructed, it would extenuate its subject; and by experience,
+we see to the contrary, that it makes fat; the reason whereof I shall
+shew hereafter. And this shall suffice for the second Point.
+
+
+
+
+_The third Point._
+
+
+Having treated in the first poynt, of the definition of _Chocolate_,
+the quality of the _Cacao_, and of the other Ingredients; and in the
+second Point, of the Complexion, which results from the mixture of
+them; There remaines now in the third poynt, to shew the way how to
+mingle them: And first I will bring the best Receipt, and the most to
+the purpose, that I could find out; although it be true which I have
+said, that one Receipt cannot be given, which shall be proper for all;
+that is to be understood of those, who are sick; for those that are
+strong, and in health, this may serve: and for the other (as I have
+said in the conclusion of the first Poynt) every one may make choyse
+of the Ingredients, as they may be usefull, to this, or that part of
+his body.
+
+
+_The Receipt is this._
+
+To every 100. _Cacaos_, you must put two cods of the[G] long red
+Pepper, of which I have spoken before, and are called in the _Indian_
+Tongue, _Chilparlagua_; and in stead of those of the _Indies_, you may
+take those of _Spaine_ which are broadest, & least hot. One handfull
+of Annis-seed _Orejuelas_, which are otherwise called _Pinacaxlidos_:
+and two of the flowers, called _Mechasuchil_, if the Belly be bound.
+But in stead of this, in _Spaine_, we put in six Roses of _Alexandria_
+beat to Powder: One Cod of _Campeche_, or Logwood: Two Drams of
+Cinamon; Almons, and Hasle-Nuts, of each one Dozen: Of white Sugar,
+halfe a pound: of _Achiote_ enough to give it the colour. And if you
+cannot have those things, which come from the _Indies_, you may make
+it with the rest.
+
+    [G] Chiles
+
+
+_The way of Compounding._
+
+The _Cacao_, and the other Ingredients must be beaten in a Morter of
+Stone, or ground upon a broad stone, which the _Indians_ call
+_Metate_, and is onely made for that use: But the first thing that is
+to be done, is to dry the Ingredients, all except the _Achiote_; with
+care that they may be beaten to powder, keeping them still in
+stirring, that they be not burnt, or become black; and if they be
+over-dried, they will be bitter, and lose their vertue. The Cinamon,
+and the long red Pepper are to be first beaten, with the Annis-seed;
+and then beate the _Cacao_, which you must beate by a little and
+little, till it be all powdred; and sometimes turne it round in the
+beating, that it may mixe the better: And every one of these
+Ingredients, must be beaten by it selfe; and then put all the
+Ingredients into the Vessell, where the _Cacao_ is; which you must
+stirre together with a spoone; and then take out that Paste, and put
+it into the Morter, under which you must lay a little fire, after the
+_Confection_ is made. But you must be very carefull, not to put more
+fire, than will warme it, that the unctuous part doe not dry away. And
+you must also take care, to put in the _Achiote_ in the beating; that
+it may the better take the colour. You must Searse all the
+Ingredients, but onely the _Cacao_; and if you take the shell from the
+_Cacao_, it is the better; and when you shall find it to be well
+beaten, & incorporated (which you shall know by the shortness of it)
+then with a spoone take up some of the Paste, which will be almost
+liquid; and so either make it into Tablets; or put it into Boxes; and
+when it is cold it will be hard. To make the Tablets you must put a
+spoonfull of the Paste upon a piece of paper, the _Indians_ put it
+upon the leaf of a _Planten-tree_; where, being put into the shade, it
+growes hard; and then bowing the paper, the Tablet falls off, by
+reason of the fatnesse of the paste. But if you put it into any thing
+of earth, or wood, it sticks fast, and will not come off, but with
+scraping, or breaking. In the _Indies_ they take it two severall
+waies: the one, being the common way, is to take it hot, with
+_Atolle_, which was the Drinke of Ancient _Indians_ (the _Indians_
+call _Atolle_ pappe, made of the flower of _Maiz_, and so they mingle
+it with the _Chocolate_, and that the _Atolle_ may be more wholesome,
+they take off the Husks of the _Maiz_, which is windy, and melancholy;
+and so there remaines onely the best and most substantiall part.) Now,
+to returne to the matter, I say, that the other Moderne drinke, which
+the Spaniards use so much, is of two sorts. The one is, that the
+_Chocolate_, being dissolved with cold water, & the scumme taken off,
+and put into another Vessell, the remainder is put upon the fire, with
+Sugar; and when it is warme, then powre it upon the Scumme you tooke
+off before, and so drinke it. The other is to warme the water; and
+then, when you have put it into a pot, or dish, as much _Chocolate_ as
+you thinke fit, put in a little of the warme water, and then grinde it
+well with the molinet; and when it is well ground, put the rest of the
+warme water to it; and so drinke it with Sugar.
+
+Besides these former wayes, there is one other way; which is, put the
+_Chocolate_ into a pipkin, with a little water; and let it boyle well,
+till it be dissolved; and then put in sufficient water and Sugar,
+according to the quantity of the _Chocolate_; and then boyle it
+againe, untill there comes an oyly scumme upon it; and then drinke it.
+But if you put too much fire, it will runne over, and spoyle. But, in
+my opinion, this last way is not so wholsome, though it pleaseth the
+pallate better; because, when the Oily is divided from the earthy
+part, which remaines at the bottome, it causeth Melancholy; and the
+oily part loosens the stomacke, and takes away the appetite: There is
+another way to drink _Chocolate_, which is cold; and it takes its name
+from the principall Ingredient, and is called _Cacao_; which they use
+at feasts, to refresh themselves; and it is made after this manner.
+The _Chocolate_ being dissolved in water with the _Molinet_, take off
+the scumme or crassy part, which riseth in greater quantity, when the
+_Cacao_ is older, and more putrified. The scumme is laid aside by it
+selfe in a little dish; and then put sugar into that part, from whence
+you tooke the scumme; and powre it from on high into the scumme; and
+so drink it cold. And this drink is so cold, that it agreeth not with
+all mens stomacks; for by experience we find the hurt it doth, by
+causing paines in the stomacke, and especially to Women. I could
+deliver the reason of it; but I avoid it, because I will not be
+tedious, some use it, &c.
+
+There is another way to drinke it cold, which is called _Cacao
+Penoli_; and it is done, by adding to the same _Chocolate_ (having
+made the _Confection_, as is before set downe) so much _Maiz_, dryed,
+and well ground, and taken from the Huske, and then well mingled in
+the Morter, with the _Chocolate_, it falls all into flowre, or dust; &
+so these things being mingled, as is said before, there riseth the
+Scum; and so you take and drink it, as before.
+
+There is another way, which is a shorter and quicker way of making it,
+for men of businesse, who cannot stay long about it; and it is more
+wholsome; and it is that, which I use. That is, first to set some
+water to warm; and while it warms, you throw a Tablet, or some
+_Chocolate_, scraped, and mingled with sugar, into a little Cup; and
+when the water is hot, you powre the water to the _Chocolate_, and
+then dissolve it with the Molinet; and then without taking off the
+scum, drink it as is before directed.
+
+
+
+
+_The fourth Part._
+
+
+There remaines to be handled in the last Point, of the Quantity, which
+is to be drunke: at what Time; and by what persons: because if it be
+drunk beyond measure, not onely of _Chocolate_, but of all other
+drinkes, or meates, though of themselves they are good and wholsome,
+they may be hurtfull. And if any finde it Opilative, it comes by the
+too much use of it; as when one drinkes over much Wine, in stead of
+comforting, and warming himselfe, he breeds, and nourisheth cold
+diseases; because Nature cannot overcome it, nor turne so great a
+quantity into good nourishment. So he that drinkes much _Chocolate_,
+which hath fat parts, cannot make distribution of so great a quantity
+to all the parts; and that part which remaines in the slender veines
+of the Liver, must needs cause Opilations, and Obstructions.
+
+To avoid this inconvenience; you must onely take five or six ounces,
+in the morning, if it be in winter; and if the party who takes it, be
+Cholerick, in stead of ordinary water, let him take the distilled
+water of Endive. The same reason serves in Summer, for those, who take
+it physically, having the Liver hot and obstructed. If his Liver be
+cold and obstructed, then to use the water of _Rubarb_. And to
+conclude, you may take it till the Moneth of _May_, especially in
+temperate dayes. But I doe not approve, that in the Dogdayes it should
+be taken in _Spaine_, unlesse it be one, who by custome of taking it,
+receives no prejudice by it. And if he be of a hot Constitution, and
+that he have neede to take it in that season, let it, as is said
+before, be mingled with water of _Endive_; and once in foure dayes,
+and chiefely when he findes his stomacke in the morning to be weake
+and fainting. And though it be true, that, in the _Indies_, they use
+it all the yeare long, it being a very hot Countrey, and so it may
+seeme by the same reason it may be taken in _Spaine_: First, I say,
+that Custome may allow it: Secondly, that as there is an extraordinary
+proportion of heate, so there is also of moisture; which helpes, with
+the exorbitant heat, to open the pores; and so dissipates, and
+impoverisheth our substance, or naturall vigor: by reason whereof, not
+only in the morning, but at any time of the day, they use it without
+prejudice. And this is most true, that the excessive heate of the
+Country, drawes out the naturall heate, and disperseth that of the
+stomack and of the inward parts: Insomuch that though the weather be
+never so hot, yet the stomack being cold, it usually doth good. I do
+not onely say this of the _Chocolate_, which, as I have proved, hath a
+moderate heate; But if you drinke pure wine, be the weather never so
+hot, it hurts not, but rather comforts the stomack; and if in hot
+weather you drinke water, the hurt it doth is apparant, in that it
+cooles the stomack too much; from whence comes a viciated Concoction,
+and a thousand other inconveniences.
+
+You must also observe, that it being granted, as I have said, that
+there are earthy parts in the _Cacao_, which fall to the bottome of
+the Cup, when you make the drinke, divers are of the opinion, that,
+that which remaines, is the best and the more substantiall; and they
+hurt themselves not a litle, by drinking of it. For besides, that it
+is an earthy substance, thick, and stopping, it is of a malancholy
+Nature; and therefore you must avoid the drinking of it, contenting
+your selfe with the best, which is the most substantiall.
+
+Last of all, there rests one difficulty to be resolved, formerly
+poynted at; namely, what is the cause, why _Chocolate_ makes most of
+them that drinke it, fat. For considering that all of the Ingredients,
+except the _Cacao_, do rather extenuate, than make fat, because they
+are hot and dry in the third degree. For we have already said, that
+the qualities which do predominate in _Cacao_, are cold, and dry;
+which are very unfit to adde any substance to the body. Neverthelesse,
+I say, that the many unctuous parts, which I have proved to be in the
+_Cacao_, are those, which pinguifie, and make fat; and the hotter
+ingredients of this Composition, serve for a guide, or vehicall, to
+passe to the Liver, and the other parts, untill they come to the
+fleshy parts; and there finding a like substance, which is hot and
+moyst, as is the unctuous part, converting it selfe into the same
+substance, it doth augment and pinguifie. Much more might be said from
+the ground of Philosophy, and Physique; but because that is fitter for
+the Schooles, than for this discourse; I leave it, and onely give this
+Caution, that in my Receipt, you may adde Mellon seeds, and seeds of
+Pompions of _Valencia_, dryed, and beaten into powder, where there is
+any heat of the Liver or Kidnyes. And if there be any obstructions of
+the Liver, or Spleene, with any cold distemper, you may mixe the
+powder of _Ceterach_; to which you may adde Amber, or Muske, to please
+the scent.
+
+And it will be no small matter, to have pleased all, with this
+Discourse.
+
+
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+
+
+                 How to make use of the _Chocolate_,
+                  to be taken as a drinke, exceeding
+                     cordiall for the comfort of
+                     the healthfull, and also for
+                 those in weaknesse and Consumptions,
+                  to be dissolved in Milke or Water.
+
+
+_If you please to take it in milke, to a quart, three ounces of
+_Chocolate_ will be sufficient: Scrape your _Chocolate_ very fine, put
+it into your milke when it boiles, work it very well with the
+_Spanish_ Instrument called _Molenillo_ between your hands: which
+Instrument must be of wood, with a round knob made very round, and cut
+ragged, that as you turne it in your hands, the milke may froth and
+dissolve the _Chocolate_ the better: then set the milke on the fire
+againe, untill it be ready to boyle: having the yelke of two eggs well
+beaten with some of the hot milke; then put your eggs into the milke,
+and _Chocolate_ and _Sugar_, as much as you like for your taste, and
+worke all together with the _Molenillo_, and thus drinke a good
+draught: or if you please you may slice a little Manchet into a dish,
+and so eate it for a breakfast: you may if you please make your
+_Chocolate_ with Water and Sugar, working it after the same order with
+your _Molenillo_, which for some weake stomacks may chance to be
+better liked. And many there be that beat Almonds, and strayne them
+into the water it is boyled, and wrought with the _Chocolate_ and
+Sugar: others like to put the yelkes of eggs as before in the milke,
+and even sweeten it with Sugar to your taste: If you drinke a good
+draught of this in a morning, you may travell all the day without any
+other thing, this is so Substantiall and Cordiall._
+
+
+
+
+_The manner of making_ Chocolate.
+
+
+Set a Pot of Conduit Water over the fire untill it boiles, then to
+every person that is to drink, put an ounce of _Chocolate_, with as
+much Sugar into another Pot; wherein you must poure a pint of the said
+boiling Water, and therein mingle the _Chocolate_ and the Sugar, with
+the instrument called _El Molinillo_, untill it be thoroughly
+incorporated: which done, poure in as many halfe pints of the said
+Water as there be ounces of _Chocolate_, and if you please, you may
+put in one or two yelks of fresh Eggs, which must be beaten untill
+they froth very much; the hotter it is drunke, the better it is, being
+cold it may doe harme. You may likewise put in a slice of white bred
+or Bisquet, and eate that with the _Chocolate_. The newer and fresher
+made it is, the more benefit you shall finde by it; that which comes
+from forreigne parts, and is stale, is not so good as that which is
+made here.
+
+
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+
+In general, spelling and punctuation are as found. Changes have been
+made as follows:
+
+Sidenotes/footnotes:
+  Sidenotes converted to footnotes.
+  Markers [A], [B], [D], and [E] were placed where it seemed most
+    appropriate. Other markers were left where they occurred in the text.
+  Footnote [D] "Ta-asco." is unclear in the scan and was left as found.
+
+Title Page:
+  The date 1652 is from the catalogue entry. The last digit is
+    obscured (165?) in the original.
+  Colminero changed to Colmenero (matches other occurrences in the text).
+
+Poem:
+  Original in Italic with Roman emphasis.
+  Chonolate changed to Chocolate in "Then _weaned_ be from _Chocolate_."
+
+First Point:
+  re-received changed to received in "according to the common received
+    opinion,"
+  an-answered changed to answered in "two things to be answered:"
+  primaq; expanded to primaque in "primaque membra juvant"
+  Removed duplicated word "it" in "though it excuse not"
+  cumq; expanded to cumque in "cumque lyene caput"
+  dulcisq; expanded to dulcisque in "dulcisque Amigdala succum"
+  comm[~o] expanded to common in "appeareth by the common practice"
+
+Second Point:
+  Cocao changed to Cacao in "_Cacao_, and of the hot parts"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by
+Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma
+
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