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diff --git a/21271.txt b/21271.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01061d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/21271.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1486 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by +Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke + By the wise and Moderate use whereof, Health is preserved, + Sicknesse Diverted, and Cured, especially the Plague of + the Guts; vulgarly called _The New Disease_; Fluxes, + Consumptions, & Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry other + desperate Diseases. By it also, Conception is Caused, the + Birth Hastened and facilitated, Beauty Gain'd and continued. + +Author: Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma + +Translator: James Wadsworth + +Release Date: May 2, 2007 [EBook #21271] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHOCOLATE: OR, AN INDIAN DRINKE *** + + + + +Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Barbara Tozier and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + CHOCOLATE: + + OR, + + An _Indian_ Drinke. + + + By the wise and Moderate use whereof, + Health is preserved, Sicknesse + Diverted, and Cured, especially the + Plague of the Guts; vulgarly called + _The New Disease_; Fluxes, Consumptions, + & Coughs of the Lungs, with sundry + other desperate Diseases. By it + also, Conception is Caused, + the Birth Hastened and + facilitated, Beauty + Gain'd and continued. + + + Written Originally in _Spanish_, by _Antonio Colmenero_ + of _Ledesma_, Doctor in Physicke, + and faithfully rendred in the _English_, + + By Capt. JAMES WADSWORTH. + + + + LONDON, + Printed by _J. G._ for _Iohn Dakins_, dwelling + neare the _Vine Taverne_ in _Holborne_, + where this Tract, together with the + _Chocolate_ it selfe, may be had + at reasonable rates. 1652 + + + + +TO THE GENTRY OF The ENGLISH Nation. + + +Sirs, + +_The ensuing Tract, I, many yeares since Translated out of the +Originall _Spanish_, and Dedicated to the Right Honorable _Edward_ +Lord _Conway_, &c. by whose Noble Patronage, the Confection +whereof it Treats, together with it selfe, were first admitted into +the _English_ Court, where they received the Approbation of the most +Noble and Iuditious those dayes afforded. Since which time, it hath +beene universally sought for, and thirsted after by people of all +Degrees (especially those of the Female sex) either for the Pleasure +therein Naturally Residing, to Cure, and divert Diseases; Or else to +supply some Defects of Nature, wherein it chalenges a speciall +Prerogative above all other Medicines whatsoever._ + +_The Author thereof was one _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_, who +sometimes lived in the _West Indies_, where it is very much used, and +held in great esteeme, untill this day; as also in _Spaine_, _Italy_, +and _Flanders_, and admired by the most learned Doctors of all those +Nations._ + +_As for the Name [_Chocolate_] it is an _Indian_ word, compounded of +_Ate_ (as some say,) or (as others) _Atle_, which in the _Mexican +Language_, signifieth _Water_; And _Choco_, the noise that the Water +(wherein the _Chocolate_ is put) maketh, when it is stirred in a Cup, +untill it Bubble and rise unto a Froth: And may be called in _English_ +A Compounded, or Confectioned drinke._ + +_The Confection it selfe, consists of severall Ingredients according +to the different Constitutions of those that use it: the Principall of +which is called _Cacao_, [a kind of Nut, or kernell, bigger then a +great Almond, which growes upon a tree called the Tree of _Cacao_] +containing in it the Quality of the Foure Elements, as will appeare in +the following Discourse._ + +_The vertues thereof are no lesse various, then Admirable. For, +besides that it preserves Health, and makes such as drink it often, +Fat, and Corpulent, faire and Amiable, it vehemently Incites to +_Venus_, and causeth Conception in women, hastens and facilitates +their Delivery: It is an excellent help to Digestion, it cures +Consumptions, and the Cough of the Lungs, the New Disease, or Plague +of the Guts, and other Fluxes, the Green Sicknesse, Jaundise, and all +manner of Inflamations, Opilations, and Obstructions. It quite takes +away the Morphew, Cleanseth the Teeth, and sweetneth the Breath, +Provokes Urine, Cures the Stone, and strangury, Expells Poison, and +preserves from all infectious Diseases._ + +_But I shall not assume to enumerate all the vertues of this +Confection: for that were Impossible, every day producing New and +Admirable effects in such as drinke it: I shall rather referre to the +Testimony of those Noble Personages who are known constantly to use +and receive constant and manifold benefits by it, having hereby no +other Aime then the Generall good of this Common-wealth (whereof I am +a Faithfull Member) and to be esteemed (as really I am)_ + + _Gentlemen_, + + Westminster Your Affectionate Friend + _Decemb._ 20. to love and serve you, + 1651. + _Don Diego de Vadesforte._ + + + + + _THE TRANSLATOR_, + To every Individuall Man, + and Woman, Learn'd, or unlearn'd, + Honest, or Dishonest: In the + due Praise of Divine + _CHOCOLATE_. + + + _Doctors_ lay by your _Irksome Books_ + And all ye Petty-Fogging _Rookes_ + Leave _Quacking_; and _Enucleate_ + The _vertues_ of our _Chocolate_. + + Let th' _Universall Medicine_ + (Made up of Dead-mens _Bones_ and _Skin_,) + Be henceforth _Illegitimate_, + And yeild to _Soveraigne-Chocolate_. + + Let _Bawdy-Baths_ be us'd no more; + Nor _Smoaky-Stoves_ but by the whore + Of _Babilon_: since _Happy-Fate_ + Hath _Blessed_ us with _Chocolate_. + + Let old _Punctaeus_ Greaze his _shooes_ + With his _Mock-Balsome_: and Abuse + No more the World: But _Meditate_ + The _Excellence_ of _Chocolate_. + + Let _Doctor Trigg_ (who so Excells) + No longer Trudge to _Westwood-Wells_: + For though that water _Expurgate_, + 'Tis but the _Dreggs_ of _Chocolate_. + + Let all the _Paracelsian_ Crew + Who can Extract _Christian_ from _Jew_; + Or out of _Monarchy_, A _State_, + Breake `all their _Stills_ for _Chocolate_. + + Tell us no more of _Weapon-Salve_, + But rather Doome us to a _Grave_: + For sure our wounds will _Ulcerate_, + Unlesse they're _wash'd_ with _Chocolate_. + + The _Thriving Saint_, who will not come + Within a _Sack-Shop_'s Bowzing-Roome + (His _Spirit_ to _Exhilerate_) + Drinkes _Bowles_ (at home) of _Chocolate_. + + His _Spouse_ when she (_Brimfull_ of _Sense_) + Doth want _her due Benevolence_, + And _Babes_ of _Grace_ would _Propagate_, + Is alwayes Sipping _Chocolate_. + + The _Roaring-Crew_ of _Gallant-Ones_ + Whose _Marrow_ Rotts within their _Bones_: + Their _Bodyes_ quickly _Regulate_, + If once but _Sous'd_ in _Chocolate_. + + Young _Heires_ that have more _Land_ then Wit, + When once they doe but _Tast_ of it, + Will rather spend their whole _Estate_, + Then _weaned_ be from _Chocolate_. + + The _Nut-Browne-Lasses_ of the Land + Whom _Nature_ vayl'd in _Face_ and _Hand_, + Are quickly _Beauties_ of _High-Rate_, + By one small _Draught_ of _Chocolate_. + + Besides, it saves the _Moneys_ lost + Each day in _Patches_, which did cost + Them deare, untill of Late + They found this _Heavenly Chocolate_. + + Nor need the _Women_ longer _grieve_ + Who _spend_ their _Oyle_, yet not _conceive_, + For 'tis a _Helpe-Immediate_, + If such but _Lick_ of _Chocolate_. + + _Consumptions_ too (be well assur'd) + Are no lesse _soone_ then _soundly_ cur'd: + (Excepting such as doe Relate + Unto the _Purse_) by _Chocolate_. + + Nay more: It's _vertue_ is so much, + That if a _Lady_ get a _Touch_, + Her griefe it will _Extenuate_, + If she but _smell_ of _Chocolate_. + + The _Feeble-Man_, whom _Nature_ Tyes + To doe his Mistresse's _Drudgeries_; + O how it will _his minde Elate_, + If _shee_ allow him _Chocolate_! + + 'Twill make Old women _Young_ and _Fresh_; + Create _New-Motions_ of the _Flesh_, + And cause them _long for you know what_, + If they but _Tast_ of _Chocolate_. + + There's ne're a _Common Counsell-Man_, + Whose _Life_ would Reach unto a _Span_, + Should he not _Well-Affect_ the _State_, + And _First_ and _Last_ Drinke _Chocolate_. + + Nor e're a _Citizen_'s Chast wife, + That ever shall prolong her _Life_, + (Whilst _open_ stands _Her Posterne-Gate_) + Unlesse she _drinke_ of _Chocolate_. + + Nor dost the _Levite_ any Harme, + It keepeth his _Devotion_ warme, + And eke the _Hayre_ upon his _Pate_, + So long as he drinkes _Chocolate_. + + Both _High_ and _Low_, both _Rich_ and _Poore_ + My _Lord_, my _Lady_, and his _--_ + With all the _Folkes_ at _Billingsgate_, + _Bow_, _Bow_ your _Hamms_ to _Chocolate_. + + Don Diego de Vadesforte. + + + + +To the Author, + +Great Don, Grandee of _Spaine_, Illostrissimo of _Venice_, High and +mighty King of _Candie_, Great Bashaw of _Babilon_, Prince of the +Moone, Lord of the Seven Starres, Governour of the Castle of +_Comfort_, Sole Admirall of the Floating _Caravan_, Author of Th' +_Europian_ Mercury, Chiefe Generall and Admirall of the Invisible +Fleet and Army of _Terra Incognita_, + + Cap. James Wadsworth. + + + + +_The Allowance of _Melchor De Lara_, Physitian Generall for the +Kingdome of _Spaine_._ + + +I Doctor _Melchor de Lara_ Physitian Generall for the Kingdom of +_Spaine_, at the command of _Don John de Velasco_, and _Asebedo_, +Vicar Generall of _Madrid_, have seene this Treatise of _Chocolate_, +composed by _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_; which is very learned, +and curious, and therefore it ought to be Licensed for the Presse; it +containing nothing contrary to good manners; and cannot but be very +pleasing to those, who are affected to _Chocolate_. In testimony +whereof, I have subscribed my Name, in _Madrid_ the 23. day of +_August_. 1631. + + _Melchor de Lara._ + + + + +The Testimoniall of _John de Mena_, Doctor and Physitian to the King +of _Spaine_. + +_I _John de Mena_, Physitian to his Majesty, and one of the Counsell +Generall of the Inquisition, have seene this Treatise of _Chocolate_ +(composed by Doctor _Antonio Colmenero_ of _Ledesma_) by command of +the _Supreame Royall Court of Justice_: which containeth nothing +contrary to good Manners, and the Subject if very learnedly handled, +and with great Iudgement; and no doubt, but it will give much pleasure +and content to all those, who are affected to _Chocolate_; and +therefore may be printed: And in confirmation of this truth, I have +hereto subscribed my Name the 17. of _Septemb._ 1631._ + + John de Mena _Doctor in Physicke_. + + + + +To the Reader. + + +The number is so great of those, who, in these times, drinke +_Chocolate_, that not only in the _Indies_, where this kind of Drink +hath its originall; but it is also much used in _Spain_, _Italy_ and +_Flanders_, and particularly at the Cour. And many doe speake diversly +of it, according to the benefit, or hurt, they receive from it: Some +saying, that it is stopping: Others, and those the greater part, that +it makes one fat: Others, that the use of it strengthens the stomacke: +Others, that it heates, and burns them: And others say, that although +they take it every houre, and in the Dogdayes, yet they finde +themselves well with it. And therefore my desire is, to take this +paines, for the pleasure, and profit of the publicke; endeavouring to +accommodate it to the content of all, according to the variety of +those things, wherewith it may be mixt; that so every man may make +choise of that, which shal be most agreeable to his disposition. I +have not seene any, who hath written any thing, concerning this +drinke; but onely a Physitian of _Marchena_, who (as it seemes) writ +onely by Relation; holding an opinion, that the _Chocolate_ is +stopping, because that _Cacao_ (the principall Ingredient of which it +is made) is cold, and dry. But because this onely reason, may not have +power to keepe some from the use of it, who are troubled with +Opilations; I thinke fit to defend this _Confection_, with +Philosophicall Reasons, against any whosoever will condemne this +Drinke, which is so wholesome, and so good, knowing how to make the +Paste in that manner, that it may be agreeable to divers dispositions, +in the moderate drinking of it. And so, with all possible brevity, +shall distinguish and divide this Treatise into foure poynts, or +Heads. In the first place I shall declare, what _Chocolate_ is; and +what are the Qualities of _Cacao_, and the other Ingredients of this +_Confection_; where I shall treate of the Receipt set downe by the +aforesaid Author of _Marchena_, and declare my opinion concerning the +same. The second point shall treate of the Quality, which resulteth +out of the mixture of these Simples, which are put into it. In the +third place the manner of Compounding; and how many wayes they use to +drink it in the _Indies_. In the fourth, and last place I shall treat +of the Quantity; and how it ought to be taken; at what time; and by +what persons. + + + + +_The first Point._ + + +Concerning the first Point, I say, that _Chocolate_ is a name of the +_Indians_; which in our vulgar Castilian, we may call a certaine +_Confection_, in which (among the Ingredients) the principall _Basis_, +and Foundation, is the _Cacao_; of whose Nature and Quality it is +necessary first to treat: And therefore I say, according to the common +received opinion, that it is cold, and dry, _a praedominio_; that is to +say, that though it be true, that every Simple containes in it the +Qualities of the foure Elements, in the action, and re-action, which +it hath in it, yet there results another distinct quality, which we +call Complexion. + +This Quality or Complexion, which ariseth of this Mixture, is not +alwayes one, and the same; neither hath it the effect in all the +mixtures, but they may be varied nine wayes; four _Simple_, from +whence one onely quality doth abound; and foure _Compounded_, from +whence two Symbolizing qualities are predominant; and one other, which +we call _ad pondus_, which is of all these fore-said qualities, which +are in _aequilibrio_, that is to say, in equall measure and degree. + +Of all these the Complexion of _Cacao_ is composed, since there arise +two qualities, which are cold, and dry; and in the substance, that +rules them, hath it _restringent_ and _obstructive_, of the nature of +the Element of the _Earth_. And then, as it is a Mixed, and not a +simple Element, it must needs have parts correspondent to the rest of +the Elements; and particularly, it partakees (and that, not a little) +of those, which correspond with the Element of Aire, that is, Heat and +Moysture, which are governed by the Unctious parts; there being drawne +out of the _Cacao_ much Butter, which, in the _Indies_ I have seene +drawne out if it, for the Face, by the _Criollas_. + +It may Philosophically be objected, in this manner: _Two contrary +Qualities, and Disagreeing, cannot be _in gradu intenso_, in one and +the same Subject: _Cacao_ is cold and drie, in predominency: +Therefore, it cannot have the qualities contrary to those; which are +Heat, and Moysture. The first Proposition is most certaine, and +grounded upon good Philosophy: The second is consented unto, by all: +The third, which is the Conclusion, is regular._ + +It cannot be denyed, but that the _Argument_ is very strong, and these +reasons being considered by him of _Marchena_, have made him affirme, +that _Chocolate_ is Obstructive; it seeming to be contrary to +Philosophy, that in it there should be found _Heat_ and _Moysture_, +_in gradu intenso_; and to be so likewise in _Cold_ and _Dry_. + +To this, there are two things to be answered: One, that he never saw +the experience of drawing out the Butter, which I have done; and that +when the _Chocolate_ is made without adding any thing to the dryed +Powder, which is incorporated, onely by beating it well together, and +is united, and made into a Paste, which is a signe, that there is a +moist, and glutinous part, which, of necessity, must correspond with +the Element of Aire. + +The other reason, we will draw from Philosophy; affirming that, in the +_Cacao_, there are different substances. In the one, that is to say, +in that, which is not so fat, it hath a greater quantity of the Oylie, +then of the earthie Substance; and in the fatter part, it hath more of +the earthy than of the Oily substance. In these there is Heate and +Moysture in predominancy; and in the other, cold and dry. + +Notwithstanding that it is hard to be believed, that in one and the +same substance, and so little of the _Cacao_, it can have substances +so different: To the end that it may appeare more easie, clear, and +evident, first we see it in the _Rubarbe_, which hath in it hot and +soluble parts, and parts which are Binding, Cold and Dry, which have a +vertue to strengthen, binde, and stop the loosenesse of the Belly: I +say also, that he that sees and considers the steele, so much of the +nature of the earth, as being heavy, thick, cold, and dry; it seemes +to be thought unproper for the curing of Opilations, but rather to be +apt to encrease them; and yet it is given for a proper remedy against +them. + +This difficulty is cleared thus, that though it be true, that it hath +much of the Earthy part; yet it hath also parts of Sulphur, and of +quick silver, which doe open, and disopilate; neither doth it so, +untill it be helped by Art, as it is ground, stirred, and made fine, +in the preparing of it; the Sulphurous parts, and those of +quick-silver, being thinne, active, and penetrative, they mingle, at +the last with those parts, which are Earthy and astringent: Insomuch, +that they being mingled after this manner one with another, we cannot +now say, that the steele is astringent, but rather, that it is +penetrative, attenuating and opening. Let us prove this Doctrine by +Authorities; and let the first be from _Gallen_, _l. 3._ of the +qualities of Simples, _c. 14._ Where, first of all he teacheth, that +almost all those Medicines, which, to our sence, seeme to be _Simple_, +are notwithstanding naturally _Compounded_, containing in themselves +contrary qualities; and that is to say, a quality to expell, and to +retaine; to incrassate, and attenuate; to rarifie, and to condense. +Neither are we to wonder at it, it being understood, that in every +fore-said Medicine, there is a quality to heat, and to coole; to +moisten and to dry. And whatsoever Medicine it be, it hath in it, +thick, and thinne parts; rare, and dense; soft, and hard. And in the +fifteenth Chapter following, in the same Book, he puts an example of +the Broth of a Cock, which moves the Belly; and the flesh hath the +vertue to bind. He puts also the example of the _Aloes_, which if it +be washt, looseth the Purgative vertue; or that which it hath, is but +weake. + +That this differing vertue, and faculty, is found in divers +substances, or parts of simple Medicaments, _Gallen_ shewes in the +first Booke of his simple Medicines, and the seventeenth Chapter, +bringing the example of Milke; in which, three substances are found, +and separated, that is to say, the substance of Cheese, which hath the +vertue to stop the Fluxe of the Belly; and the substance of Whay, +which is purging; and Butter, as it is expressed in the said _Gallen_, +_Cap. 15._ Also we finde in Wine which is in the Must, three +substances, that is to say, earth, which is the chiefe; and a thinner +substance, which is the flower, and may be called the scum, or froath: +and a third substance which we properly call Wine; And every one of +these substances, containes in it selfe divers qualities, and vertues; +in the colour, in the smell, and in other Accidents. + +_Aristotle_ in the fourth Book of the Meteors and the first Chapter, +treating of Putrefaction, he found the same substances; and in the +second Chapter next following, where he that is curious may read it. +And also by the Doctrine of _Galen_, and of _Aristotle_, divers +substances are attributed to every of the mixt under one and the same +forme and quantity; which is very conformable to reason, if we +consider, that every Aliment be it never so simple, begets, and +produceth in the liver, foure humours, not onely differing in temper, +but also in substance; and begets more or lesse of that humour, +according as that Aliment hath more or fewer parts corresponding to +the substance of that humour, which is most ingendred. And so in cold +diseases, we give warme nourishment; and cold nourishment, in hot +diseases. + +From which evident examples, and many others, which we might produce +to this purpose, we may gather, that, when we grind and stir the +_Cacao_, the divers parts, which Nature hath given it, doe +artificially, and intimately mixe themselves one with another; and so +the unctuous, warme, and moist parts, mingled with the earthy (as we +have said of the steele) represses, and leaves them not so binding, as +they were before; but rather with a mediocritie, more inclining to the +warme, and moist temper of the Aire, then to the cold and dry of the +Earth; as it doth appeare when it is made fit to drinke; that you +scarce give it two turnes with the Molinet when there riseth a fatty +scumme: by which you may see how much it partaketh of the Oylie part. + +From which doctrine I gather, that the Author of _Marchena_, was in an +errour, who, writing of _Chocolate_, saith that it causeth Opilations, +because _Cacao_ is astringent; as if that astriction were not +corrected, by the intimate mixing of one part with another, by meanes +of the grinding, as is said before. Besides, it having so many +ingredients, which are naturally hot, it must of necessity have this +effect; that is to say, to open, attenuate, and not to binde; and, +indeed, there is no cause of bringing more examples, or producing more +reasons, for this truth, then that which we see in the _Cacao_ it +self: which, if it be not stirred, and compounded, as aforesaid, to +make the _Chocolate_. But eating of it, as it is in the fruite, as the +_Criollas_ eate it in the _Indies_, it doth notably obstruct, and +cause stoppings; for no other cause but this, that the divers +substances which it containes, are not perfectly mingled by the +mastication onely, but require the artificiall mixture, which we have +spoken of before. + +Besides, our Adversary should have considered, and called to his +memory, the first rudiments of Philosophy, that _a dicto secundum +quid, ad dictum simpliciter, non valet consequentia_; As it is not +enough to say, the Black-a-Moore is white, because his teeth are +white; for he may be blacke, though he hath white teeth; and so it is +not enough to say, that the _Cacao_ is stopping; and therefore the +Confection, which is made of it, is also stopping. + +The Tree, which beares this fruit, is so delicate; and the earth, +where it growes, is so extreme hot, that to keepe the tree from being +consumed by the Sun, they first plant other trees; and when they are +growne up to a good height, then they plant the _Cacao_ trees; that +when it first shewes it selfe above the ground, those trees which are +already growne, may shelter it from the Sunne; and the fruit doth not +grow naked, but ten or twelve of them are in one Gorde or Cod, which +is of the bignesse of a greate black Figge, or bigger, and of the same +forme, and colour. + +There are two sorts of _Cacao_; the one is common, which is of a gray +colour, inclining towards red; the other is broader and bigger, which +they call _Patlaxte_, and this is white, and more drying; whereby it +causeth watchfulnesse, and drives away sleepe, and therefore it is not +so usefull, as the ordinary. This shall suffice to be said of the +_Cacao_. + +And as for the rest of the ingredients, which make our _Chocolaticall_ +Confection, there is notable variety; because some doe put into it +black Pepper, and also _Tauasco_[A]; which is not proper, because it +is so hot and dry; but onely for one, who hath a very cold Liver. And +of this opinion, was a certaine Doctor of the University of _Mexico_, +of whom a Religious man of good credit told me, that he finding the +ordinary round Pepper was not fit to bring his purpose about, and to +the end, he might discover, whether the long red pepper were more +proper, he made triall upon the liver of a Sheepe; and putting the +ordinary pepper on one side, and the red pepper[B] on the other, after +24 hours, the part, where the ordinary pepper lay, was dryed up; and +the other part continued moist, as if nothing had bin thrown upon it. + + [A] A red roote like madder. + + [B] Chile. + +The Receipt of him who wrote at _Marchena_, is this: Of _Cacaos_, 700; +of white Sugar, one pound and a halfe; Cinnamon, 2. ounces; of long +red pepper, 14. of Cloves, halfe an ounce: Three Cods of the Logwood +or Campeche tree; or in steade of that, the weight of 2. Reals, or a +shilling of Anniseeds; as much of _Agiote_, as will give the colour, +which is about the quantity of a Hasell-nut. Some put in Almons, +kernells of Nuts, and Orenge-flower-water. + +Concerning this Receipt I shall first say, This shooe will not fit +every foote; but for those, who have diseases, or are inclining to be +infirme, you may either adde, or take away, according to the +necessity, and temperature of every one: and I hold it not amisse, +that Sugar be put into it, when it is drunke, so that it be according +to the quantity I shall hereafter set downe. And sometimes they make +Tablets of the Sugar, and the _Chocolate_ together: which they doe +onely to please the Pallats, as the Dames of _Mexico_ doe use it; and +they are there sold in shops, and are confected and eaten like other +sweet-meats. For the Cloves, which are put into this drinke, by the +Author aforesaid, the best Writers of this Composition use them not; +peradventure upon this reason: that although they take away the ill +savour of the mouth, they binde; as a learned Writer hath exprest in +these verses: + + Foetorem emendat oris Cariophilia foedum; + Constringunt ventrem, primaque membra juvant. + + _Cloves doe perfume a stincking Breath, and Bind + The Belly; Hence the prime members comfort find._ + +And because they are binding (and hot and dry in the third degree) +they must not be used, though they help the chiefe parts of +Concoction, which are the Stomacke and the Liver, as appeares by the +Verses before recited. + +The Huskes or Cods of Logwood, or Campeche, are very good, and smell +like Fennell; and every one puts in of these, because they are not +very hot; though it excuse not the putting in of Annis-seed, as sayes +the Author of this Receipt; for there is no _Chocolate_ without it, +because it is good for many cold diseases, being hot in the third +degree; and to temper the coldnesse of the _Cacao_; and that it may +appeare, it helpes the indisposition of Cold parts, I will cite the +Verses of one curious in this Art: + + Morbosus renes, vesicam, guttura, vulnam, + Intestina, jecur, cumque lyene caput + Confortat, variisque Anisum subdita morbis + Membra: istud tantum vim leve semen habet. + + _The Reyns, the Bladder, throat, & thing between-- + Enatrailes and Liver, with the Head, and spleen + And other Parts, by [C] it are comforted: + So great a vertue's in that little seed._ + + [C] Annis. + +The quantity of a Nut of the _Achiote_[D] is too little to colour the +quantity made according to his Receipt; and therefore, he that makes +it, may put in it, as much as he thinkes fit. + + [D] Ta-asco. + +Those, who adde Almons, and Nuts, doe not ill; because they give it +more body and substance then _Maiz_ or _Paniso_[E], which others use; +and for my part, I should always put it into _Chocolate_, for Almonds +(besides what I have said of them before) are moderately hot, and have +a thinne juice; but you must not use new Almons, as a learned Author +sayes in these Verses. + + [E] A graine like Millet. + + Dat modice calidum dulcisque Amigdala succum, + Et tenuem; inducunt plurima damna nova. + + _New Almonds yeild a Hot and slender juice, + But bring new mischiefs by too often use._ + + +And the small Nuts are not ill for our purpose; for they have almost +the temper, which the Almons have; onely because they are dryer, they +come nearer the temper of Choler; and doe therefore strengthen the +Belly, and the Stomacke, being dryed: for so they must be used for the +Confection; and they preserve the head from those vapours, which rise +from the Belly: as it appeares by the said Author in these Verses. + + Bilis Avellanam sequitur; sed roborat alvum + Ventris, & a fumis liberat assa caput. + + _Filberds breed Chollar, Th' Belly Fortifie, + Benzoin the Head frees from Fumosity._ + +And therefore they are proper for such as are troubled with +ventuosities, and _Hypochondriacall_ vapours, which offend the brain, +and there cause such troublesome dreames, and sad imaginations. + +Those who mixe _Maiz_ or _Paniso_ in the _Chocolate_ doe very ill; +because those graines doe beget a very melancholly humour: as the same +Author expresseth in these Verses. + + Crassa melancholicum praestant tibi Panica succum + Siccant, si penas membra, gelantque foris. + + _Grosse Eares of Corne have Cholorique juice (no doubt) + Which dries, if taken inward; cooles without._ + +It is also apparantly windy; and those which mixe it in this +_Confection_, doe it onely for their profit, by encreasing the +quantity of the _Chocolate_; because every _Fanega_ or measure of [F] +_Grani_ containing about a Bushell and a halfe, is sold for eight +shillings, and they sell this _Confection_ for foure shillings a +pound, which is the ordinary price of the _Chocolate_. + + [F] Maiz, or Indian Wheat + +The _Cinamon_ is hot and dry in the third degree; it provokes Urine, +and helps the Kidneys and Reynes of those who are troubled with cold +diseases; and it is good for the eyes; and in effect, it is cordiall; +as appeares by the Author of these Verses. + + Commoda & urinae Cinnamomum, & renibus + Lumina clarificat, dira venena fugat. (affert: + + _Cinnamon helps the Reines and Urine well, + It cleares the Eyes, and Poison doth expell._ + +The _Achiote_ hath a piercing attenuating quality, as appeareth by the +common practice of the Physitians in the _Indies_, experienced daily +in the effects of it, who doe give it to their Patients, to cut, and +attenuate the grosse humours, which doe cause shortnesse of breath, +and stopping of urine; and so it may be used for any kind of +Opilations; for we give it for the stoppings, which are in the breast, +or in the Region of the belly, or any other part of the Body. + +And concerning the long red Peper, there are foure sorts of it. One is +called _Chilchotes_: the other very little, which they call +_Chilterpin_; and these two kinds, are very quicke and biting. The +other two are called _Tonalchiles_, and these are moderately hot; for +they are eaten with bread, as they eate other fruits, & they are of a +yellow colour; and they grow onely about the Townes, which are in, and +adjoyning to the Lake of _Mexico_. The other Pepper is called +_Chilpaclagua_, which hath a broad huske, and this is not so biting as +the first; nor so gentle as the last, and is that, which is usually +put into the _Chocolate_. + +There are also other ingredients, which are used in this _Confection_. +One called _Mechasuchil_; and another which they call _Vinecaxtli_, +which in the _Spanish_ they call _Orejuelas_, which are sweet smelling +Flowers, Aromaticall and hot. And the _Mechasuchil_ hath a Purgative +quality; for in the _Indies_ they make a purging portion of it. In +stead of this, in _Spaine_ they put into the _Confection_, powder of +_Alexandria_, for opening the Belly. + +I have spoken of all these Ingredients, that every one may make choise +of those which please him best, or are most proper for infirmities. + + + + +_The second Point._ + + +As concerning the second point, I say, as I have said before, that +though it be true, that the _Cacao_ is mingled with all these +Ingredients, which are hot; yet there is to be a greater quantity of +_Cacao_, then of all the rest of the Ingredients, which serve to +temper the coldnesse of the _Cacao_: Just as when we seek, of two +Medicines of contrary qualities, to compound one, which shall be of a +moderate temper: In the same manner doth result the same action and +re-action of the cold parts of the _Cacao_, and of the hot parts of +the other ingredients, which makes the _Chocolate_ of so moderate a +quality, that it differs very little from a mediocrity; and when there +is not put in any ordinary pepper, or Cloves, but onely a little +Annisseed (as I shall shew hereafter) we may boldly say, that it is +very temperate. And this may be proved by reason, and experience: +(supposing that which _Gallen_ sayes, to be true, that every mixt +Medicine, warmeth the cold, and cooleth the hot; bringing the examples +of Oyle of _Roses_.) By experience, I say, that in the _Indies_ (as is +the custom of that countrey) I comming in a heat to visite a sick +person, and asking water to refresh me, they perswaded mee to take a +Draught of _Chocolate_; which quencht my thirst: & in the morning (if +I took it fasting) it did warme and comfort my stomack. Now let us +prove it by reason. Wee have already proved, that all the parts of the +_Cacao_ are not cold. For we have made it appeare that the unctuous +parts, which are many, be all hot, or temperate: then, though it be +true, that the quantity of the _Cacao_ is greater than of all the rest +of the ingredients, yet the cold parts are at the most, not halfe so +many as the hot; and if for all this they should be more, yet by +stirring, & mangling of the warme unctuous parts, they are much +qualified. And, on the other side, it being mixt with the other +Ingredients, which are hot in the second and third degree, being the +predominant quality, it must needs be brought to a mediocrity. Like as +two men, who shake hands, the one being hot, and the other cold, the +one hand borrows heat, and the other is made colder; and in +conclusion, neither hand retaines the cold, or heat it had before, but +both of them remain more temperate. So like-wise two men, who go to +wrestle, at the first they are in their full vigour and strength; but +after they have strugled a while, their force lessens by degrees, till +at last they are both much weaker, than when they began to wrestle. +And _Aristotle_ was also of this opinion in his fourth Booke of the +Nature of Beasts, _cap. 3._ Where he sayes, that every Agent suffers +with the patient; as that which cuts, is made dul by the thing it +cuts; that which warmes, cooles it selfe; and that which thrusts, or +forceth forward, is in some sort driven bake it selfe. + +From whence I gather, that it is better to use _Chocolate_, after it +hath beene made some time, a Moneth at the least. I believe this time +to be necessary, for breaking the contrary qualities of the severall +Ingredients, and to bring the Drinke to a moderate temper. For, as it +alwayes falls out at the first, that every contrary will have its +predominancy, and will worke his owne effects, Nature not liking well +to be heated and cooled, at the same time. And this is the cause why +_Gallen_ in his twelfth Booke of _Method_, doth advise not to use +_Philonium_, till after a yeare, or, at the least, six moneths; +because it is a composition made of _Opium_ (which is cold in the +fourth degree) and of Pepper, and other Ingredients, which are hot in +the third degree. This Theorum, and Doctrine, is made good by the +practise, which some have made, of whom I have asked, what _Chocolate_ +did best agree with them? and they have affirmed, that the best is +that which hath beene made some moneths: and that the new doth hurt by +loosening the Stomack; And, in my opinion, the reason of it is, that +the unctuous or fat parts, are not altogether corrected, by the earthy +parts of the _Cacao_. And this I shall thus prove; for, as I shall +declare hereafter, if you make the _Chocolate_ boyle, when you drinke +it, the boyling of it divides that fat and oyly part; and that makes a +relaxation in the Stomacke in the old _Chocolate_, as well as if it +were new. + +So that I conclude in this second point, that the _Chocolaticall +Confection_ is not so cold as the _Cacao_, nor so hot as the rest of +the Ingredients; but there results from the action and re-action of +these Ingredients, a moderate temper which may be good, both for the +cold and hot stomacks, being taken moderately, as shall be declared +hereafter; and it having beene made a moneth at the least; as is +already proved. And so I know not why any many having made experience +of this _Confection_ (which is composed, as it ought to be, for every +particular) should speake ill of it. Besides, where it is so much +used, the most, if not all, as well in the _Indies_, as in _Spain_, +finde, it agreeth well with them. He of _Merchena_ had no ground in +saying, that it did cause Opilations. For, if it were so, the Liver +being obstructed, it would extenuate its subject; and by experience, +we see to the contrary, that it makes fat; the reason whereof I shall +shew hereafter. And this shall suffice for the second Point. + + + + +_The third Point._ + + +Having treated in the first poynt, of the definition of _Chocolate_, +the quality of the _Cacao_, and of the other Ingredients; and in the +second Point, of the Complexion, which results from the mixture of +them; There remaines now in the third poynt, to shew the way how to +mingle them: And first I will bring the best Receipt, and the most to +the purpose, that I could find out; although it be true which I have +said, that one Receipt cannot be given, which shall be proper for all; +that is to be understood of those, who are sick; for those that are +strong, and in health, this may serve: and for the other (as I have +said in the conclusion of the first Poynt) every one may make choyse +of the Ingredients, as they may be usefull, to this, or that part of +his body. + + +_The Receipt is this._ + +To every 100. _Cacaos_, you must put two cods of the[G] long red +Pepper, of which I have spoken before, and are called in the _Indian_ +Tongue, _Chilparlagua_; and in stead of those of the _Indies_, you may +take those of _Spaine_ which are broadest, & least hot. One handfull +of Annis-seed _Orejuelas_, which are otherwise called _Pinacaxlidos_: +and two of the flowers, called _Mechasuchil_, if the Belly be bound. +But in stead of this, in _Spaine_, we put in six Roses of _Alexandria_ +beat to Powder: One Cod of _Campeche_, or Logwood: Two Drams of +Cinamon; Almons, and Hasle-Nuts, of each one Dozen: Of white Sugar, +halfe a pound: of _Achiote_ enough to give it the colour. And if you +cannot have those things, which come from the _Indies_, you may make +it with the rest. + + [G] Chiles + + +_The way of Compounding._ + +The _Cacao_, and the other Ingredients must be beaten in a Morter of +Stone, or ground upon a broad stone, which the _Indians_ call +_Metate_, and is onely made for that use: But the first thing that is +to be done, is to dry the Ingredients, all except the _Achiote_; with +care that they may be beaten to powder, keeping them still in +stirring, that they be not burnt, or become black; and if they be +over-dried, they will be bitter, and lose their vertue. The Cinamon, +and the long red Pepper are to be first beaten, with the Annis-seed; +and then beate the _Cacao_, which you must beate by a little and +little, till it be all powdred; and sometimes turne it round in the +beating, that it may mixe the better: And every one of these +Ingredients, must be beaten by it selfe; and then put all the +Ingredients into the Vessell, where the _Cacao_ is; which you must +stirre together with a spoone; and then take out that Paste, and put +it into the Morter, under which you must lay a little fire, after the +_Confection_ is made. But you must be very carefull, not to put more +fire, than will warme it, that the unctuous part doe not dry away. And +you must also take care, to put in the _Achiote_ in the beating; that +it may the better take the colour. You must Searse all the +Ingredients, but onely the _Cacao_; and if you take the shell from the +_Cacao_, it is the better; and when you shall find it to be well +beaten, & incorporated (which you shall know by the shortness of it) +then with a spoone take up some of the Paste, which will be almost +liquid; and so either make it into Tablets; or put it into Boxes; and +when it is cold it will be hard. To make the Tablets you must put a +spoonfull of the Paste upon a piece of paper, the _Indians_ put it +upon the leaf of a _Planten-tree_; where, being put into the shade, it +growes hard; and then bowing the paper, the Tablet falls off, by +reason of the fatnesse of the paste. But if you put it into any thing +of earth, or wood, it sticks fast, and will not come off, but with +scraping, or breaking. In the _Indies_ they take it two severall +waies: the one, being the common way, is to take it hot, with +_Atolle_, which was the Drinke of Ancient _Indians_ (the _Indians_ +call _Atolle_ pappe, made of the flower of _Maiz_, and so they mingle +it with the _Chocolate_, and that the _Atolle_ may be more wholesome, +they take off the Husks of the _Maiz_, which is windy, and melancholy; +and so there remaines onely the best and most substantiall part.) Now, +to returne to the matter, I say, that the other Moderne drinke, which +the Spaniards use so much, is of two sorts. The one is, that the +_Chocolate_, being dissolved with cold water, & the scumme taken off, +and put into another Vessell, the remainder is put upon the fire, with +Sugar; and when it is warme, then powre it upon the Scumme you tooke +off before, and so drinke it. The other is to warme the water; and +then, when you have put it into a pot, or dish, as much _Chocolate_ as +you thinke fit, put in a little of the warme water, and then grinde it +well with the molinet; and when it is well ground, put the rest of the +warme water to it; and so drinke it with Sugar. + +Besides these former wayes, there is one other way; which is, put the +_Chocolate_ into a pipkin, with a little water; and let it boyle well, +till it be dissolved; and then put in sufficient water and Sugar, +according to the quantity of the _Chocolate_; and then boyle it +againe, untill there comes an oyly scumme upon it; and then drinke it. +But if you put too much fire, it will runne over, and spoyle. But, in +my opinion, this last way is not so wholsome, though it pleaseth the +pallate better; because, when the Oily is divided from the earthy +part, which remaines at the bottome, it causeth Melancholy; and the +oily part loosens the stomacke, and takes away the appetite: There is +another way to drink _Chocolate_, which is cold; and it takes its name +from the principall Ingredient, and is called _Cacao_; which they use +at feasts, to refresh themselves; and it is made after this manner. +The _Chocolate_ being dissolved in water with the _Molinet_, take off +the scumme or crassy part, which riseth in greater quantity, when the +_Cacao_ is older, and more putrified. The scumme is laid aside by it +selfe in a little dish; and then put sugar into that part, from whence +you tooke the scumme; and powre it from on high into the scumme; and +so drink it cold. And this drink is so cold, that it agreeth not with +all mens stomacks; for by experience we find the hurt it doth, by +causing paines in the stomacke, and especially to Women. I could +deliver the reason of it; but I avoid it, because I will not be +tedious, some use it, &c. + +There is another way to drinke it cold, which is called _Cacao +Penoli_; and it is done, by adding to the same _Chocolate_ (having +made the _Confection_, as is before set downe) so much _Maiz_, dryed, +and well ground, and taken from the Huske, and then well mingled in +the Morter, with the _Chocolate_, it falls all into flowre, or dust; & +so these things being mingled, as is said before, there riseth the +Scum; and so you take and drink it, as before. + +There is another way, which is a shorter and quicker way of making it, +for men of businesse, who cannot stay long about it; and it is more +wholsome; and it is that, which I use. That is, first to set some +water to warm; and while it warms, you throw a Tablet, or some +_Chocolate_, scraped, and mingled with sugar, into a little Cup; and +when the water is hot, you powre the water to the _Chocolate_, and +then dissolve it with the Molinet; and then without taking off the +scum, drink it as is before directed. + + + + +_The fourth Part._ + + +There remaines to be handled in the last Point, of the Quantity, which +is to be drunke: at what Time; and by what persons: because if it be +drunk beyond measure, not onely of _Chocolate_, but of all other +drinkes, or meates, though of themselves they are good and wholsome, +they may be hurtfull. And if any finde it Opilative, it comes by the +too much use of it; as when one drinkes over much Wine, in stead of +comforting, and warming himselfe, he breeds, and nourisheth cold +diseases; because Nature cannot overcome it, nor turne so great a +quantity into good nourishment. So he that drinkes much _Chocolate_, +which hath fat parts, cannot make distribution of so great a quantity +to all the parts; and that part which remaines in the slender veines +of the Liver, must needs cause Opilations, and Obstructions. + +To avoid this inconvenience; you must onely take five or six ounces, +in the morning, if it be in winter; and if the party who takes it, be +Cholerick, in stead of ordinary water, let him take the distilled +water of Endive. The same reason serves in Summer, for those, who take +it physically, having the Liver hot and obstructed. If his Liver be +cold and obstructed, then to use the water of _Rubarb_. And to +conclude, you may take it till the Moneth of _May_, especially in +temperate dayes. But I doe not approve, that in the Dogdayes it should +be taken in _Spaine_, unlesse it be one, who by custome of taking it, +receives no prejudice by it. And if he be of a hot Constitution, and +that he have neede to take it in that season, let it, as is said +before, be mingled with water of _Endive_; and once in foure dayes, +and chiefely when he findes his stomacke in the morning to be weake +and fainting. And though it be true, that, in the _Indies_, they use +it all the yeare long, it being a very hot Countrey, and so it may +seeme by the same reason it may be taken in _Spaine_: First, I say, +that Custome may allow it: Secondly, that as there is an extraordinary +proportion of heate, so there is also of moisture; which helpes, with +the exorbitant heat, to open the pores; and so dissipates, and +impoverisheth our substance, or naturall vigor: by reason whereof, not +only in the morning, but at any time of the day, they use it without +prejudice. And this is most true, that the excessive heate of the +Country, drawes out the naturall heate, and disperseth that of the +stomack and of the inward parts: Insomuch that though the weather be +never so hot, yet the stomack being cold, it usually doth good. I do +not onely say this of the _Chocolate_, which, as I have proved, hath a +moderate heate; But if you drinke pure wine, be the weather never so +hot, it hurts not, but rather comforts the stomack; and if in hot +weather you drinke water, the hurt it doth is apparant, in that it +cooles the stomack too much; from whence comes a viciated Concoction, +and a thousand other inconveniences. + +You must also observe, that it being granted, as I have said, that +there are earthy parts in the _Cacao_, which fall to the bottome of +the Cup, when you make the drinke, divers are of the opinion, that, +that which remaines, is the best and the more substantiall; and they +hurt themselves not a litle, by drinking of it. For besides, that it +is an earthy substance, thick, and stopping, it is of a malancholy +Nature; and therefore you must avoid the drinking of it, contenting +your selfe with the best, which is the most substantiall. + +Last of all, there rests one difficulty to be resolved, formerly +poynted at; namely, what is the cause, why _Chocolate_ makes most of +them that drinke it, fat. For considering that all of the Ingredients, +except the _Cacao_, do rather extenuate, than make fat, because they +are hot and dry in the third degree. For we have already said, that +the qualities which do predominate in _Cacao_, are cold, and dry; +which are very unfit to adde any substance to the body. Neverthelesse, +I say, that the many unctuous parts, which I have proved to be in the +_Cacao_, are those, which pinguifie, and make fat; and the hotter +ingredients of this Composition, serve for a guide, or vehicall, to +passe to the Liver, and the other parts, untill they come to the +fleshy parts; and there finding a like substance, which is hot and +moyst, as is the unctuous part, converting it selfe into the same +substance, it doth augment and pinguifie. Much more might be said from +the ground of Philosophy, and Physique; but because that is fitter for +the Schooles, than for this discourse; I leave it, and onely give this +Caution, that in my Receipt, you may adde Mellon seeds, and seeds of +Pompions of _Valencia_, dryed, and beaten into powder, where there is +any heat of the Liver or Kidnyes. And if there be any obstructions of +the Liver, or Spleene, with any cold distemper, you may mixe the +powder of _Ceterach_; to which you may adde Amber, or Muske, to please +the scent. + +And it will be no small matter, to have pleased all, with this +Discourse. + + + + +_FINIS._ + + + + + How to make use of the _Chocolate_, + to be taken as a drinke, exceeding + cordiall for the comfort of + the healthfull, and also for + those in weaknesse and Consumptions, + to be dissolved in Milke or Water. + + +_If you please to take it in milke, to a quart, three ounces of +_Chocolate_ will be sufficient: Scrape your _Chocolate_ very fine, put +it into your milke when it boiles, work it very well with the +_Spanish_ Instrument called _Molenillo_ between your hands: which +Instrument must be of wood, with a round knob made very round, and cut +ragged, that as you turne it in your hands, the milke may froth and +dissolve the _Chocolate_ the better: then set the milke on the fire +againe, untill it be ready to boyle: having the yelke of two eggs well +beaten with some of the hot milke; then put your eggs into the milke, +and _Chocolate_ and _Sugar_, as much as you like for your taste, and +worke all together with the _Molenillo_, and thus drinke a good +draught: or if you please you may slice a little Manchet into a dish, +and so eate it for a breakfast: you may if you please make your +_Chocolate_ with Water and Sugar, working it after the same order with +your _Molenillo_, which for some weake stomacks may chance to be +better liked. And many there be that beat Almonds, and strayne them +into the water it is boyled, and wrought with the _Chocolate_ and +Sugar: others like to put the yelkes of eggs as before in the milke, +and even sweeten it with Sugar to your taste: If you drinke a good +draught of this in a morning, you may travell all the day without any +other thing, this is so Substantiall and Cordiall._ + + + + +_The manner of making_ Chocolate. + + +Set a Pot of Conduit Water over the fire untill it boiles, then to +every person that is to drink, put an ounce of _Chocolate_, with as +much Sugar into another Pot; wherein you must poure a pint of the said +boiling Water, and therein mingle the _Chocolate_ and the Sugar, with +the instrument called _El Molinillo_, untill it be thoroughly +incorporated: which done, poure in as many halfe pints of the said +Water as there be ounces of _Chocolate_, and if you please, you may +put in one or two yelks of fresh Eggs, which must be beaten untill +they froth very much; the hotter it is drunke, the better it is, being +cold it may doe harme. You may likewise put in a slice of white bred +or Bisquet, and eate that with the _Chocolate_. The newer and fresher +made it is, the more benefit you shall finde by it; that which comes +from forreigne parts, and is stale, is not so good as that which is +made here. + + + + +_FINIS._ + + + + +Transcriber's Note: + + +In general, spelling and punctuation are as found. Changes have been +made as follows: + +Sidenotes/footnotes: + Sidenotes converted to footnotes. + Markers [A], [B], [D], and [E] were placed where it seemed most + appropriate. Other markers were left where they occurred in the text. + Footnote [D] "Ta-asco." is unclear in the scan and was left as found. + +Title Page: + The date 1652 is from the catalogue entry. The last digit is + obscured (165?) in the original. + Colminero changed to Colmenero (matches other occurrences in the text). + +Poem: + Original in Italic with Roman emphasis. + Chonolate changed to Chocolate in "Then _weaned_ be from _Chocolate_." + +First Point: + re-received changed to received in "according to the common received + opinion," + an-answered changed to answered in "two things to be answered:" + primaq; expanded to primaque in "primaque membra juvant" + Removed duplicated word "it" in "though it excuse not" + cumq; expanded to cumque in "cumque lyene caput" + dulcisq; expanded to dulcisque in "dulcisque Amigdala succum" + comm[~o] expanded to common in "appeareth by the common practice" + +Second Point: + Cocao changed to Cacao in "_Cacao_, and of the hot parts" + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke, by +Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHOCOLATE: OR, AN INDIAN DRINKE *** + +***** This file should be named 21271.txt or 21271.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/1/2/7/21271/ + +Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Barbara Tozier and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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