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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian, by Thomas
+Boyles Murray
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian
+       A Memoir
+
+
+Author: Thomas Boyles Murray
+
+
+
+Release Date: June 12, 2007  [eBook #21819]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN***
+
+
+E-text prepared by a www.PGDP.net volunteer, David T. Jones, and the
+Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
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+
+
+KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN.
+
+by
+
+THE
+
+REV. T. B. MURRAY, M.A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Published Under the Direction of
+the Committee of General Literature and Education,
+Appointed by the Society for Promoting
+Christian Knowledge
+
+
+LONDON.
+
+Printed for the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,
+Sold at the Depositories,
+Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
+4, Royal Exchange, and 16, Hanover Street, Hanover Square,
+and by All Booksellers
+
+_Price Sixpence._
+
+[Illustration: Kallihirua, signature]
+
+
+KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN.
+
+A Memoir
+
+by
+
+THE REV. T. B. MURRAY, M.A.
+
+Author of "Pitcairn, the Island, the People, and
+the Pastor"
+
+
+Published Under the Direction of
+the Committee of General Literature and Education,
+Appointed by the Society for Promoting
+Christian Knowledge
+
+London
+
+Printed for the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
+Sold at the Depositories
+Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
+4, Royal Exchange, and 16, Hanover Street, Hanover Square
+and by All Booksellers
+
+1856
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                PAGE
+Kallihirua the Esquimaux                           7
+Her Majesty's Ship "Assistance"                    8
+Cape York                                          9
+Kallihirua on board the "Assistance"              10
+The Esquimaux Graves                              11
+Kallihirua's Family                               12
+Lines on "Kallihirua in the Ship"                 13
+Description of the Esquimaux                      15
+Admiral Beechey's Account                         16
+The Seal                                          17
+The Narwhal                                       18
+Sir W. Edward Parry's Account                     19
+Need of Christian Instruction                     21
+Kallihirua's Tribe                                22
+Kallihirua in England                             ib.
+His fondness for Prints and Drawings              23
+Seal Hunter                                       24
+Sights in England                                 25
+Great Exhibition of 1851                          26
+St. Augustine's College                           27
+College Studies                                   28
+Reverence for Sacred Places                       29
+Illness from changes in the Weather               30
+Greenland-Esquimaux Vocabulary                    31
+Visit to Kalli at College                         32
+His Amusements and Occupations                    34
+Baptism of Kallihirua                             36
+Stanzas by the Warden                             43
+Kalli at St. John's, Newfoundland                 45
+Death of Archdeacon Bridge                        47
+Intelligence from Newfoundland                    48
+Allusion to Prince Le Boo                         49
+Accounts from St John's                           50
+Letter from Kalli                                 51
+Kalli's Illness and Death                         52
+Legacy to a Friend                                56
+Funeral                                           57
+Intended Memorial                                 58
+Practical Reflections                             59
+Conclusion                                        60
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+Portrait of Kallihirua           _To face Title Page_
+Map, including his Birthplace    _To face Page_   10
+Entrance to a Snow Hut           _Page_           15
+Esquimaux Striking a Narwhal                      18
+Seal Hunter                                       24
+Walrus and Seal                                   35
+St. Martin's Church, Canterbury  _To face page_   39
+
+
+
+
+KALLIHIRUA THE ESQUIMAUX.
+
+
+Kallihirua, notwithstanding the disadvantages of person (for he was
+plain, and short of stature, and _looked_ what he was,--an Esquimaux),
+excited a feeling of interest and regard in those who were acquainted
+with his history, and who knew his docile mind, and the sweetness of
+his disposition.
+
+Compliance with the precept in the Old Testament, "Love ye the
+stranger[1]," becomes a delight as well as a duty in such an instance
+as that about to be recorded, especially when we consider the
+affecting injunction conveyed in the Epistle to the Hebrews, "Be not
+forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have entertained
+angels unawares[2]."
+
+[Footnote 1: Deut. x 18.]
+
+[Footnote 2: Heb. xiii 2.]
+
+
+
+
+Her Majesty's Ship "Assistance"
+
+
+Erasmus Augustine York, whose native name was Kallihirua, was brought
+to England on board Her Majesty's ship "Assistance," Captain Erasmus
+Ommanney, in 1851. Captain Ommanney was second in command of the
+expedition under the orders of Captain Horatio Austin, C.B., which was
+dispatched in May, 1850, in search of the missing vessels of Sir John
+Franklin, the "Erebus" and "Terror". Franklin had quitted England on his
+perilous and fatal enterprise in May, 1845.
+
+Much interest was attached to the young Esquimaux, who was considered
+to be about sixteen years of age in August, 1850. He was one of a
+tribe inhabiting the country in the vicinity of Wolstenholme Sound, at
+the head of Baffin's Bay, in 76° 3' north latitude, the nearest
+residents to the North Pole of any human beings known to exist on the
+globe. He was the only person ever brought to this country from so
+high a northern latitude. His tribe was met with by the late Sir John
+Ross, during his voyage in 1818, and was by him called the Arctic
+Highlanders.
+
+
+
+
+Cape York
+
+
+It appears that, when the expedition under Captain Austin's command
+was passing Cape York, in August, 1850, after its release from the ice
+in Melville Bay, natives were seen from the "Assistance".
+Captain Ommanney went with the "Intrepid" (one of the vessels
+comprising the expedition) to communicate with them, when it was
+ascertained that H.M.S., "North Star," had passed the winter in the
+neighbourhood. The fate of this vessel was then a matter of anxiety,
+as by her instructions she had been cautioned to avoid passing the
+winter in those regions. The tribe thus discovered consisted of only
+three families, residing in their summer huts at Cape York. As no
+steamer had ever before found its way to these seas, it was
+interesting to watch the impression upon the singular beings now
+visited, when they descended into the engine-room. The large furnaces
+and machinery astonished them. The latter, on being put in motion,
+made them take to their heels with fright, and they ran out of the
+engine-room on deck as fast as they could.
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua on board the "Assistance"
+
+
+It was after this first interview that the report was raised of the
+massacre of two ships' crews in 1846. Captain Ommanney, accompanied by
+Captain Penny, with his interpreter, immediately returned to Cape
+York, and had a long interview with the natives. They most
+emphatically denied the whole statement, adding, that no ship had
+ever been on their coasts except the "North Star," and passing
+whalers. Then it was, that Kallihirua consented to show Captain
+Ommanney where the "North Star" had wintered, and to join the ship,
+for the purpose of being useful as an interpreter, in the event of
+their meeting with any natives during the search for the missing
+expedition under Sir John Franklin. Parting (for awhile, as he
+supposed) with his immediate relatives, and with the only people whom
+he knew on earth, he threw himself into the hands of strangers in
+perfect confidence. Having arrived on board the "Assistance," he put
+off his rough native costume, submitted to the process of a good
+washing, and, being soon clad in ordinary European clothing, which was
+cheerfully contributed by the officers, the young Esquimaux with much
+intelligence performed the duty of pilot to the place where the "North
+Star" had wintered.
+
+
+
+
+The Esquimaux Graves
+
+
+On entering Wolstenholme Sound[3], Kallihirua, or, as he was
+familiarly called, KALLI, directed Captain Ommanney and the officers
+to the late winter-station of his tribe, the spot having been
+abandoned in consequence of some epidemic, probably influenza, which
+had carried off several persons. On entering the huts, a most
+distressing sight presented itself. A heap of dead bodies, about
+seven, in a state of decomposition, lay, one over the other, clad in
+their skin-clothing, as if suddenly cut off by the hand of death. The
+survivors, from fear of infection, had left the remains of their
+relatives unburied. It was an affecting scene in such a remote and
+desolate region, separated from all communication with the human race.
+Near the huts was the burial-ground, with several well-formed graves
+of heaps of stones. On one lay a spear, which one of the officers of
+the "Assistance" took up, to bring away. Some of the crew were
+examining the graves to see whether they contained any of our missing
+countrymen. Seeing this, Kalli ran up to the officer, and, with tears
+and entreaties, as well as he could make himself understood, begged
+him and the men to desist from the work of desecration.
+
+[Footnote 3: For Wolstenholme Sound and Cape York see the annexed map.]
+
+[Illustration: Map of Western Arctic]
+
+[Illustration: THE ARCTIC REGIONS OF AMERICA
+_London. Published by the Society for protecting Christian Knowledge._]
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua's Family
+
+
+Poor Kalli's lamentations were quite heartrending. His feelings were,
+of course, respected, the graves were at once built up again, and the
+spear replaced. Captain Ommanney learnt afterwards from Kalli, that
+it was his father's grave, over which the spear had been placed by
+friends of the deceased. They have a tradition that in a future state
+the means of hunting are still required, and, because in this world
+the search of food is the chief object of life, the hunting-lance is
+deposited on the grave.
+
+The young stranger subsequently lived on board the "Assistance". He
+was placed under the care of the serjeant of Marines, who instructed
+Kalli in the rudiments of reading and writing, and to whom he became
+much attached. By his amiable disposition he made himself welcome and
+agreeable to all the expedition, and, as, in consequence of the state
+of the ice, no opportunity was offered of landing him on his native
+shores, on the return of the vessel past York Inlet, he was brought to
+England. The leaders of the expedition conferred the surname of York
+upon him, from the locality in which he was found. To this the name of
+Erasmus was prefixed, after that of the gallant Captain Ommanney.
+
+
+
+
+Lines on "Kallihirua in the Ship"
+
+
+Kalli was a twin. His father, whose grave has been mentioned, had been
+dead for some years, but he had a mother living, of whom he often
+spoke with duty and affection. His father's name was Kirshung-oak. His
+mother's Sa-toor-ney. He had two sisters living with their mother. A
+touching circumstance, connected with his first introduction to our
+countrymen, has been adverted to, which gave rise to the following
+lines by the writer of this memoir. They were published in the "Gospel
+Missionary," in the year of the arrival of Kallihirua, and are
+supposed to be spoken by a British sailor on board the "Assistance"--
+
+
+KALLI IN THE SHIP
+
+A frost, like iron, held the air,
+  A calm was on the sea,
+But fields of ice were spreading there,
+  And closing on our lee.
+
+Our ship half bound, as if aground,
+  Was scarcely seen to go.
+All hands on deck were gather'd round
+  The little ESKIMAUX.
+
+For he had come amongst our crew,
+  A week or so before,
+And now we knew not what to do
+  To put him safe ashore.
+
+Poor lad, he strain'd his eyes in vain,
+  Till tears began to come,
+And tried if he could see again
+  His mother and his home.
+
+The Captain then saw through his glass
+  The Inlet, and the Bay,
+But floes of ice, as green as grass,
+  And icebergs block'd the way.
+
+"Up with the sail!--the wind's awake!"
+  Hark to the Captain's call,
+"I see, my boys, we shall not make
+  York Inlet, after all."
+
+We look'd upon the swarthy lad,
+  Then look'd upon each other,
+And all were sure that he was sad
+  With thinking of his mother.
+
+We cheer'd him up, and soon he grew
+  So useful and so kind,
+The crew were glad, and Kalli too,
+  He was not left behind.
+
+He learn'd to make the best of it,
+  And now, by time and care,
+They tell us he can read a bit,
+  And say an easy prayer.
+
+O Kalli, fail not, day by day,
+  To kneel to God above;
+Then He will hear you when you pray,
+  And guard you with his love.
+
+Go on, my friend, in years and grace,
+  Your precious time employ,
+And you will pass, in wisdom's race,
+  The idle English boy.
+
+Nay, if you learn and practise too
+  The lessons of your youth,
+Some heathen tribes may gain from you
+  The light of Gospel truth.
+
+
+
+
+Description of the Esquimaux
+
+
+It may here be interesting to say a few words respecting the people
+who inhabit the gloomy abodes whence Kallihirua came, and where he had
+passed the greater part of his life.
+
+[Illustration: ENTRANCE TO A SNOW-HUT]
+
+
+
+
+Admiral Beechey's Account
+
+
+"The characteristic features of the Esquimaux," says Admiral Beechey,
+"are large fat round faces, high cheek-bones, small hazel eyes,
+eyebrows slanting like the Chinese, and wide mouths." They are
+generally under five feet high, and have brown complexions. Beechey,
+in his Narrative of a Voyage to Behring's Strait, &c., in H.M.S.
+"Blossom," gave a curious and particular description of the habits and
+customs of the Esquimaux, their wretched hovels, or "yourts,"
+snow-dwellings, and underground huts, and the general want of
+cleanliness in their persons and dwellings.
+
+Speaking of a tribe which he visited, he says, "We found them very
+honest, extremely good-natured and friendly. Their tents were
+constructed of skins, loosely stretched over a few spars of
+drift-wood, and were neither wind nor water tight. The tents were, as
+usual, filthy, but suitable to the taste of their inhabitants, who no
+doubt saw nothing in them that was revolting. The natives testified
+much pleasure at our visit, and placed before us several dishes,
+amongst which were two of their choicest,--the entrails of a fine
+seal, and a bowl of coagulated blood. But desirous as we were to
+oblige them, there was not one of our party that could be induced to
+partake of their hospitality. Seeing our reluctance, they tried us
+with another dish, consisting of the raw flesh of the narwhal, nicely
+cut into lumps, with an equal distribution of black and white fat, but
+they were not more successful here than at first."
+
+
+
+
+The Seal
+
+
+The seal's flesh supplies the natives with their most palatable and
+substantial food, which however has a fishy flavour, as the creatures
+feed chiefly on fish. Seals are sometimes taken on land, when
+surprised basking in the sun, with their young. As soon as they are
+alarmed by the sight of their enemies, they scuttle away, and make for
+the sea[4]. It is on the great deep that the Esquimaux, driven by
+hunger, chiefly seeks his precarious food. In his light canoe, which
+is made of seal-skins stretched over a slight framework of wood, he
+hunts, in all weathers, for his prey, especially for the much-prized
+Narwhal.
+
+There, tumbling in their seal-skin boat,
+Fearless, the hungry fishers float,
+And from the teeming seas supply
+The food their niggard plains deny.
+
+[Footnote 4: See ZOOLOGICAL SKETCHES, _Common Seal_. Published by the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.]
+
+
+
+
+The Narwhal
+
+
+[Illustration: ESQUIMAUX STRIKING A NARWHAL]
+
+The same intrepid boldness is shown in their chase of the reindeer,
+the bear, and the fox. Over the boundless deserts of snow they are
+borne rapidly along by their faithful dogs, which are harnessed to a
+sledge, six or seven to the team, and which scamper away, often in
+seeming confusion, but with a precision of aim and object which is
+perfectly surprising. No country presents a finer specimen of that
+honest, affectionate, much-enduring creature, the dog. Kindness to
+animals is always praiseworthy, and to the honour of the Esquimaux
+women it must be said, that they are remarked for their humane
+treatment of these dogs. They take care of them when they are ill, and
+use them better than the men do. Still under blows and hard usage the
+dogs are faithful, and willing to labour.
+
+
+
+
+Sir W. Edward Parry's Account
+
+
+The Esquimaux sometimes use slabs of ice for the walls of their huts,
+cementing them together with snow and water. Kennels for their dogs
+are also made of the same material. The late Admiral Sir W. Edward
+Parry, in the course of a voyage commenced in May, 1821, the chief
+object of which was the discovery of the North-West passage, availed
+himself of a winter's imprisonment in the ice, to observe and record
+the ways and manners of the Esquimaux, whose guest he was. His account
+is on the whole satisfactory. "I can safely affirm," said he, "that,
+whilst thus lodged beneath their roof, I know no people whom I would
+more confidently trust, as respects either my person or my property,
+than the Esquimaux."
+
+He also described their domestic character. The affection of the
+parents towards their children showed itself in a thousand ways, and
+the children on their part have so much gentleness and docility as to
+render any kind of chastisement unnecessary. Even from their earliest
+infancy, they are said to possess that quietness of disposition,
+gentleness of demeanour, and uncommon evenness of temper, for which in
+more mature age they are for the most part distinguished. Disobedience
+is scarcely ever known; a word or even a look from a parent is enough.
+
+These traits, added to industry and endurance of various kinds of
+difficulty, form the fair side of the picture, such as that amiable
+and distinguished officer was fond of presenting. The exhibition of
+these features of character was probably called forth, in a great
+degree, by his own kindness and good management, whilst living among
+them.
+
+
+
+
+Need of Christian Instruction
+
+
+But doubtless there are other and less favourable points of view in
+which these people must be sometimes considered. At all events, it is
+sad to learn, from the silence of some travellers, and the actual
+statements of others, that the Esquimaux do not appear to have any
+idea of the existence of a Supreme Being, or to hold any notion of
+religion. Separated from the whole civilized world, and frequently
+finding it a struggle to live, even with the help of their faithful
+dogs, they are objects of pity and concern, rather than of sanguine
+hope and expectation to the Christian mind. But were an opportunity to
+occur of carrying the Gospel to their snow-clad land, there is little
+doubt that the remark of Parry, applied to an individual of one of
+their tribes, might be used of all: "On dispositions thus naturally
+charitable, what might not Christian education, and Christian
+principles effect?"
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua's Tribe
+
+
+Certainly, the instance now before the reader affords a good
+illustration of this view of the Esquimaux character. It is Captain
+Ommanney's opinion that Kallihirua's tribe may be regarded as a
+remnant of the pure race which, no doubt, in ages past migrated from
+Asia along the coasts of the Parry Group of Islands and Barrow's
+Straits. The features, and formation of skull, bespeak Tartar
+extraction. "Their isolated position," he adds, "being far north of
+the Danish settlements in Greenland, and far removed from the American
+continent, has kept them uncontaminated with any of the various mixed
+breeds of which the Esquimaux in those regions must be composed."
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua in England
+
+
+Captain Ommanney, soon after his arrival in England, brought young
+Kallihirua to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. At that
+time he could only speak a few words, such as "Ship," "Sea," "Very
+sick;" "England, things very nice," "Captain very good". From his
+language and gesture it was gathered, that he had suffered much from
+sea-sickness on the voyage; that he had been treated with the utmost
+care and kindness on board, and that he was highly pleased with
+English fare, and with the reception which he had met with in this
+country.
+
+His manners were so gentle, and even polite, without any seeming
+effort, as to excite astonishment in those who knew how short a time
+he had enjoyed the advantages of education. It was clear that great
+pains had been taken with him on board the "Assistance," where his
+great study had been to adapt himself to the habits and manners of
+those among whom his lot was so singularly cast. "In this," says
+Captain Ommanney, "he succeeded; for people were surprised at his good
+address, when he reached England."
+
+
+
+
+His Fondness for Prints and Drawings
+
+
+He was always much pleased with the company of young people, and
+appeared quite at home with them. Some books and prints were placed in
+the hands of the youth, and he expressed the greatest delight in
+seeing views of ships in the ice, and the figure of an Esquimaux
+watching for a seal. After gazing for a few moments at the latter, he
+uttered a cry of pleasure, and said, "This one of my people!" It
+seemed as if, for the time, he had been carried back to his own land,
+which, however homely, was once his home. Had any proof been wanting
+of the faithfulness of the representation, his hearty and joyous
+approval of it would have afforded sufficient evidence of its
+accuracy.
+
+The reader shall see the engraving of the lonely seal-hunter which so
+much pleased poor Kalli.
+
+
+
+
+Seal Hunter
+
+[Illustration: Seal Hunter]
+
+
+In this situation, we are told, a man will sit quietly for ten or
+twelve hours together, at a temperature of thirty or forty degrees
+below zero, watching for the opportunity of killing and taking the
+seal, which is supposed to be at work making its hole beneath in the
+ice. The Esquimaux, partly sheltered from the "winter's wind," and
+fast-falling snow, by a snow-wall, has got his spear and lines ready,
+and he has tied his knees together, to prevent his disturbing the seal
+by making the slightest noise.
+
+
+
+
+Sights in England
+
+
+Kalli, whilst in London, on a visit to the author, was taken to the
+British Museum. With some of the objects there he was much gratified.
+The antiquities, sculpture, and specimens of art and science, had not
+such charms in his sight as had the life-like forms of stuffed animals
+in that great national collection. With the seals, reindeer, and a
+gigantic walrus, with bright glass eyes, he was especially struck and
+amused, lingering for some time in the attractive apartment which
+contained them.
+
+He had now and then much to bear from rudeness and incivility on the
+part of some thoughtless persons, who derided his personal appearance,
+though they were not successful in putting him out of temper. The
+author recollects an instance of this in a street in London. He was
+walking with Kalli, when two young men, who ought to have known
+better, stared at the youth in passing, and laughed in his face: then
+presently turning round, they said, as they pointed at him, "There
+goes a Chinese!" He merely looked up, smiling, as if at their
+ignorance, and want of proper feeling.
+
+It has been observed of the people of his nation, that they evince
+little or no surprise or excitement at such things as occasion
+admiration in others. When Kalli first came up the river Thames with
+Captain Ommanney, and travelled from Woolwich by the railway, thence
+proceeding through the wonderful thoroughfare from London Bridge to
+the West End of the town, passing St. Paul's Cathedral, and Charing
+Cross, he merely said, _It was all very good_.
+
+"I took him with me," said the Captain, "to the Great Exhibition, the
+Crystal Palace, in Hyde Park. He beheld all the treasures around him
+with great coolness, and only expressed his wonder at the vast
+multitude of people."
+
+
+
+
+Great Exhibition of 1851
+
+
+This is natural enough. Many of our readers may recall the feelings of
+astonishment with which they viewed that large assemblage. On one of
+the shilling days, in October, 1851, ninety-two thousand human beings
+were collected together in the Crystal Palace at one time[5]. The
+force of contrast could perhaps go no further than in this instance.
+A young stranger who, in his own country, in a space of hundreds of
+miles around him, had only three families (probably twelve persons) to
+count, makes one of a multitude of more than ninety thousand of his
+fellow-creatures, in a building of glass, covering only eighteen acres
+of ground!
+
+[Footnote 5: This was the case on Tuesday, Oct. 7, 1851. The total
+number of visitors on that day alone was 109,915.]
+
+He was taken to see the Horse Guards' Stables. On seeing a trooper
+mount his charger, (both being fully accoutred,) Kalli was puzzled. He
+could not account for the perfect order and discipline of the animal,
+and the mutual fitness of the man and his horse, the one for the
+other.
+
+
+
+
+St. Augustine's College
+
+
+In November, 1851, Kallihirua was placed, by direction of the Lords of
+the Admiralty, at the suggestion of the Society for the Propagation of
+the Gospel, in the Missionary College of St. Augustine's, at
+Canterbury. This college, built on the site of the ancient monastery
+of St. Augustine, was established in 1848, for the reception of
+students intended for the work of the sacred Ministry in the colonies
+and dependencies of the British Empire, as well as among the heathen.
+The College, to which the Queen gave a charter of incorporation, owes
+its origin chiefly to the munificence of A. J. B. Beresford Hope,
+Esq., who purchased the ground, and gave the site. The College Chapel
+was consecrated on the morning of St. Peter's Day, June 29th, 1848,
+when seven prelates, with the Archbishop of Canterbury at their head,
+were present.
+
+
+
+
+College Studies
+
+
+Kallihirua remained a student of the College, attending to the
+instruction given him, and conducting himself well and properly in all
+respects. Under the kind auspices of the Rev. H. Bailey, the learned
+and judicious Warden of the College, who took the greatest interest in
+him, he availed himself, as far as his powers admitted, of the
+advantages of the institution. He appeared rightly to understand and
+value the blessings of education in a civilized community, and
+received with reverence the simple and saving truths of the Gospel. It
+was hoped, that, should he willingly and intelligently embrace the
+Christian faith, he might at no distant period convey the "glad
+tidings of good things" as a missionary or catechist to his own
+benighted friends and countrymen.
+
+In September, 1852, the Warden, in a letter, informed the author, that
+Kallihirua had been in good health all the summer. "We consider him,"
+said he, "a youth of intelligence, and quick observation. His progress
+in reading is necessarily slow, though he can manage words of four or
+five letters, he is fond of writing, and succeeds very well. He is
+very devout at prayers, and attentive to the religious instruction
+given him. I think he will one day be of essential use to a missionary
+in some northern region. He is grateful to you for your kind offer of
+books, and will write a letter of acknowledgment."
+
+
+
+
+His Reverence for Sacred Places
+
+
+It was but a short time after his settling at St. Augustine's College,
+that one of the students took him to see Canterbury Cathedral. The
+reverent regard with which he had been taught to look upon a church,
+as a place where prayer was made to God, manifested itself in his
+inquiry, when entering the nave, "Whether he might cough there?" This
+tendency to cough, arising from an ailment, the seeds of which had
+probably been sown long before, was often observable; and he was very
+susceptible of cold.
+
+
+
+
+Illness from Changes in the Weather
+
+
+In the spring of 1853 he suffered much from the variableness of the
+season. The mode in which he described his state to a friend is very
+simple and affecting. The original letter, which was entirely his own,
+both in composition and handwriting, is here copied verbatim. It
+commences with his signature:--
+
+"E. YORK, St. Augustine's College. April, 1853.
+
+"My dear Sir,
+
+         "I am very glad to tell, How do you do, Sir? I been
+         England, long time none very well. Long time none
+         very well. Very bad weather. I know very well, very
+         bad cough. I very sorry, very bad weather,
+         dreadful. Country very difference. Another day
+         cold. Another day wet, I miserable.
+
+         "Another summer come. Very glad. Great many trees.
+         Many wood. Summer beautiful, country Canterbury."
+
+Should any reader be disposed to look with the smile of a critic on
+this humble but genuine effort, let him bear in mind the difficulties
+which poor _English_ adults have to encounter in learning to read and
+write; and then let him judge of the obstacles in the way of one whose
+existence had been spent with his native tribe, on fields of ice, and
+in dark snow-huts.
+
+In all attacks of illness he was attended with assiduous kindness by
+Mr. Hallowes, of Canterbury, the skilful surgeon employed by the
+College, who showed much hospitality to Kalli. One of Mr. Hallowes'
+family circle on Christmas-day was always the good-humoured
+broad-faced Esquimaux. At their juvenile parties, the youth joined
+cheerfully in the sports of the children, and he sometimes sung them
+some of the wild and plaintive airs peculiar to his tribe.
+
+It is believed that Kalli never omitted his morning and evening
+prayers by his bed-side, and his utterance was full of devout
+earnestness. Mr. Bailey remembers once travelling with him to Deal,
+and while in the railway carriage, the youth quietly took out of his
+pocket a little book, which was afterwards found to be a collection of
+texts for each day in the year. For some time he was reading
+thoughtfully the text for the day. No notice was taken of this to him;
+and as for himself, never perhaps was any one more free from the least
+approach to ostentation.
+
+
+
+
+Greenland Esquimaux Vocabulary
+
+
+In the year 1853, Kalli rendered essential Service in the preparation
+of a Greenland Esquimaux Vocabulary, for the use of the Arctic
+Expedition of that year. The work was printed by direction of the
+Lords of the Admiralty, with a short Preface acknowledging the
+advantage of his assistance. Captain Washington, R.N., Hydrographer of
+the Admiralty, says in the Preface, "Every word has now been revised
+from the lips of a native. In the Midsummer vacation in 1852
+Kallihirua passed some days with me, and we went partly over the
+Vocabulary. I found him intelligent, speaking English very fairly,
+docile and imitative, his great pleasure appearing to be a pencil and
+paper, with which he drew animals and ships. At the Christmas
+holidays, we revised more of the Vocabulary, &c."
+
+A member of the Expedition afterwards visited St. Augustine's College
+and stated that the Vocabulary had been found to be of much service.
+
+
+
+
+Visit to Kalli at College
+
+
+The writer of this Memoir well recollects the circumstances of a visit
+which he paid with his family to St. Augustine's College, Canterbury,
+on a bright day, in August, 1853, when (it being the vacation) only
+three students remained in residence. These were 1. Kallihirua, 2. a
+young Hindoo by name Mark Pitamber Paul, and 3. Lambert McKenzie, a
+youth of colour, a native of Africa, sent to the College by the Bishop
+of Guiana. Kalli, who was the only one of these personally known to
+the author, did not at first appear. He had strolled out to witness a
+cricket-match in a field near Canterbury, but Blunsom, the College
+porter, said that he had promised to return by two o'clock, and that
+he was very punctual.
+
+It is here due both to Blunsom and his wife, to say that they were
+most kind friends to Kalli, watching over him with the most thoughtful
+attention, and the tenderest care throughout.
+
+As the Cathedral clock struck two, Kalli entered the College-gates.
+With hair black as the raven's wing, and eyes sparkling with
+good-humour, he made his appearance; and soon showed a desire to do
+the honours of the College. His dress was neat, like that of a young
+English gentleman, and he had a gaiety of look and manner, but far
+removed from foppery of apparel or demeanour. With true
+politeness--that of the heart--he accompanied the visitors over the
+Library, the Chapel, the Common Hall and the Dormitories of the
+College; each student having a small bed-room and study to himself.
+
+
+
+
+His Amusements and Occupations
+
+
+Kalli took great pleasure in exhibiting the carpenter's shop, a
+spacious crypt below the Library. Attention was there called to the
+wooden frame of a small house, in the construction of which, it
+appeared, he had borne a part. He said, when asked, that he should
+most probably find the knowledge of carpentering valuable some day,
+and that he should like to teach his countrymen the many good and
+useful things which he had learned in his College. He spoke little,
+and was evidently conscious of his imperfect pronunciation, but in
+answer to a question on the subject, he said he hoped to tell his
+people about religion, and the truths of the Gospel which he had been
+taught in England.
+
+His amusements were of a quiet and innocent kind. He made small models
+of his country sledges, one of which, a very creditable performance,
+is in the Museum in the College Library, and a rough rustic chair, now
+in the College garden, is of his manufacture. He was fond of drawing
+ships, and figures of the Seal, the Walrus, the Reindeer, the
+Esquimaux Dog, and other objects familiar to him in the Arctic
+regions.
+
+[Illustration: WALRUS AND SEAL.]
+
+His sketches of animals and ships were very correct, and he used
+sometimes to draw them for the amusement of children.
+
+When on board the "Assistance," he made a good sketch of the coast
+line of the region which his tribe frequented, from Cape York to
+Smith's Sound.
+
+The use which he made of the needle must not be forgotten. For a year
+and a half, whilst at Canterbury, he went regularly for five hours a
+day to a tailor to learn the trade, and was found very handy with his
+needle. He proved to be of much use in the ordinary work of the trade.
+
+
+
+
+Baptism of Kallihirua
+
+
+We now come to an important event in the history of Kallihirua; his
+Baptism, which took place on Advent Sunday, Nov. 27th, 1853, in St.
+Martin's Church, near Canterbury. "The visitors present on the
+occasion," said an eye-witness[6], "were, the Rev. John Philip Gell
+(late Warden of Christ's College, Tasmania), accompanied by Mrs. Gell,
+daughter of the late Sir John Franklin; Captain Erasmus Ommanney, R.N.
+(who brought Kallihirua to England), and Mrs. Ommanney, Captain
+Washington, R.N., of the Admiralty, and the Rev. W. T. Bullock. The
+Rev. T. B. Murray, Secretary of the Society for Promoting Christian
+Knowledge, who had been invited, was, in consequence of engagements in
+London, unfortunately unable to be present".
+
+[Footnote 6: St. Augustine's Occasional Paper.]
+
+[Illustration: St. Martin's Church]
+
+"Towards three o'clock in the afternoon, small parties began to issue
+from the College gateway in the direction of St. Martin's,--that
+picturesque little church, looking from its calm hill-side over the
+broad Stour valley, and over the cathedral and the steeples of the
+town half emerging from the smoke. In the interior of this oldest of
+the English churches there is an ancient font, which stands upon the
+spot (if it be not the very font itself), where King Ethelbert, the
+firstfruits of the Anglo-Saxon race, was baptized more than twelve
+hundred and fifty years ago by Augustine.
+
+"In the enclosure round this font sat Kallihirua, and his 'chosen
+witnesses' Captain Ommanney, and the Subwarden, Mrs. Bailey, and Mrs.
+Gell. The remainder of the church was quite filled with an attentive
+and apparently deeply-interested congregation, many of them of the
+poorer class to whom Kalli is well known either by face (as indeed he
+could not well fail to be), or as the comrade of their children in the
+spelling-class at school.
+
+"After the Second Lesson, the Warden proceeded to the font, and the
+Baptismal Service commenced. Kallihirua, as an adult, made the
+responses for himself, and in a clear firm tone, which seemed to
+intimate that he had made his choice for once and for ever, that he
+had cast in his lot with us, and taken our people for his people, and
+our God for his God, and felt with an intelligent appreciation the
+privilege of that new brotherhood into which he was admitted.
+
+"May his admission within the pale of Christ's holy Church be, (as was
+the prayer of many, beyond the walls of St. Martin's, on that day,)
+both to himself and to many of his race, an event pregnant of eternal
+issues! 'May the fulness of God's blessing,' to use the words of one
+of our most valued friends, 'rest upon it, and make it the first
+streak of a clear and steady light, shining from St. Augustine's into
+the far North.' The Christian names added to his original Esquimaux
+name, were 'Erasmus,' after Captain Ommanney, and 'Augustine,' in
+remembrance of the College.
+
+"The service being concluded, an excellent sermon was preached by the
+Rev. J. P. Gell, on the text, Isaiah lxv. 1: 'I am sought of them that
+asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said,
+Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name.'
+Afterwards the same kind friend attended our Sunday evening meeting in
+the Warden's house, and gave us some interesting details of the
+missionary work (in which he had himself borne a part) in Van Diemen's
+Land. The drift of his remarks was to give encouragement to the
+principle of steady faithful persevering energy, undamped by early
+difficulties, and not impatient of the day of small things; and to
+show by convincing examples (especially that of Mr. Davis, a devoted
+missionary in that country) how such conduct is sure in the end to
+meet with a success of the soundest and most permanent kind, because
+founded on the spontaneous sympathy of the people, and on the
+blessings of the poor, 'not loud but deep.'
+
+"Kallihirua had received a very handsome present in the shape of a
+beautifully bound Bible and Prayer Book, as a baptismal gift from the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge."
+
+It may be interesting to add, that the water used in the baptism was
+from the river Jordan, and that it had been brought from thence by
+Captain Ommanney himself.
+
+In the _Gospel Missionary_ for February, 1854, was a pleasing
+description of the Baptism of Kallihirua: and this was the sound and
+practical conclusion:--
+
+    "Before we conclude, we may, perhaps, express the hope that
+    our young friends will sometimes think kindly of their new
+    Christian brother, ERASMUS AUGUSTINE KALLIHIRUA, and that
+    they will pray that God will bless him, and make him to
+    advance more and more in the knowledge and the love of His
+    dear Son JESUS CHRIST. When they thus think of him who is now
+    made their own brother by baptism, and is thus brought into
+    the family of CHRIST'S people, let them learn to value the
+    good things which GOD has given _them_ in such rich
+    abundance. Let them be thankful that they were born in a
+    Christian country, in which they have been taught from
+    children to know the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make
+    them wise unto salvation through faith which is in CHRIST
+    JESUS."
+
+
+
+
+Stanzas by the Warden
+
+
+The following stanzas, written by the Warden on the occasion of the
+baptism, will be read with pleasure, especially by those who are aware
+how faithfully the amiable writer of them fulfilled his part in
+preparing Kallihirua, not only for the right performance of such
+duties as seemed to await him in life, but (what was far more
+important) for an early death.
+
+
+THE BAPTISM OF KALLIHIRUA
+
+"I WILL TAKE YOU ONE OF A CITY, AND TWO OF A FAMILY, AND I WILL BRING
+YOU TO ZION."--Jer. iii. 14.
+
+            Far through the icy bounds
+            Of Greenland's barren shore,
+          At duty's call, on mercy sent,
+            The brave are gone before.
+
+            Beyond the haunts of men
+            They urge their tedious way,
+          When lo! a wandering tribe appears
+            By yonder northern bay.
+
+            But who so wild, so lost
+            In ignorance and sin!
+          No God they know, no Saviour own,
+            Is there a soul to win?
+
+            Yes, in that heathen race
+            One heart at least is found
+          That yearns for better things, by grace
+            In unseen fetters bound.
+
+            Warm is the Christian's heart,
+            Outstretch'd the Christian's hand,
+          "Assistance" lends her friendly aid
+            To reach a Christian land.
+
+            In this our calm retreat
+            He finds a peaceful home,
+          Is taught such learning as is meet,
+            In store for years to come.
+
+            He learns to know and love
+            His Saviour and his God,
+          And now he is a brother dear,
+            By faith in Jesu's blood.
+
+            O gracious Spirit! hear
+            Our prayer with one accord;
+          And train this new-born Christian heart
+            In thy most holy Word.
+
+            Have pity on his race!
+            And bring them still to see
+          Their wretched state, and teach them all
+            The Father, Son, and Thee!
+
+            To God the Father, Son,
+            And Spirit, glory be,
+          Who call'd, and saved, and sanctifies,
+            The co-eternal Three!
+
+Some of these verses were sung in the College Chapel on the evening of
+Advent Sunday, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+Kalli at St. John's, Newfoundland
+
+
+The time having now arrived at which, according to the opinion of the
+Bishop of Newfoundland, and the Warden of St. Augustine's, the
+qualifications of Kallihirua might be turned to some account, as an
+aid to missionaries in their efforts among the Esquimaux of Labrador,
+he left England, in the autumn of the year 1855, for further training
+at St. John's, Newfoundland. This step was taken at the expense of the
+Admiralty, who agreed to allow him 25 pounds a year for three years.
+
+The following notice of his character appeared in the 'Occasional
+Paper,' published in St. Augustine's College at the time of his
+removal to Newfoundland. At every step of his short but remarkable
+course, such willing testimony always awaited him.
+
+"Kallihirua, whose name is known as widely as that of his College, has
+arrived at another crisis in his eventful history. Having resided more
+than three years in College, he has been transferred to the
+experienced care of the Bishop of Newfoundland, with the view to his
+probable usefulness among the Esquimaux of Labrador. If integrity of
+moral principle, gentleness of spirit, docility of manners,
+willingness to be useful, and true Christian politeness, are essential
+requisites in a Missionary, then is Kallihirua certain to fill his
+place well, if only the right place is found for him."
+
+Kalli arrived in St John's, Newfoundland, on the 2nd October, 1855,
+and, on the following day, wrote a letter to Captain Ommanney, telling
+him that he had suffered on the voyage from the motion of the vessel,
+which had caused severe headaches. He added, "St John's puts me in
+mind of my own country. I have already found a great number of kind
+friends, and feel so happy."
+
+He was immediately admitted into the College of the Theological
+Institution for further training, and it was the Bishop's intention to
+have taken him in the summer of 1856 in the Church-ship to the coast
+of Labrador, with the view particularly of comparing his language with
+that of the Esquimaux on the American continent, who are included
+under the government, and consequently in the diocese, of
+Newfoundland.
+
+That he was not unfitted for this task, appears from a passage in the
+preface to the Greenland-Esquimaux Vocabulary. Captain Washington
+observes: "On comparing the Labrador with the Greenland dialect of the
+Esquimaux, it was found that nearly one-half the words given by Mr.
+Platon were similar to the former. On going over the vocabulary with
+Kallihirua, generally speaking he recognized the Greenland word. When
+he did not do so, the Labrador was mentioned, which, in most cases, he
+caught at directly. These words have been added. There would thus
+appear to be even a greater degree of similarity between the Labrador
+and Greenland dialects than might have been expected, and it is
+evident that the Greenland dialect, as Mr. Platon states, is spoken by
+all the Esquimaux to the head of Baffin's Bay."
+
+Kalli had some conversation with a Moravian Missionary from Labrador.
+The language was in most respects similar, though there was evidently
+a difficulty in understanding each other.
+
+
+
+
+Death of Archdeacon Bridge
+
+
+It may be mentioned, as a circumstance of melancholy interest, that,
+besides Kallihirua, the late Venerable T. F. H. Bridge, Archdeacon of
+Newfoundland, was to have accompanied and assisted the Bishop in this
+voyage, which it was proposed should have extended to the Moravian
+settlement. Moravian Missions have been established in Greenland for
+more than a century. But the expedition contemplated by the Bishop
+was more particularly designed to open Sandwich and Esquimaux Bays to
+the much-needed Missionary.
+
+These projects it was determined, in the good providence of God, were
+not to be realized. Archdeacon Bridge was prematurely carried off, in
+the midst of his zealous and successful labours, at the end of
+February, 1856. "He worked himself to death!" said the Bishop. "His
+death was felt in the colony as a public loss."
+
+
+
+
+Intelligence from Newfoundland
+
+
+The author of this memoir had written to Kallihirua, whilst he was at
+St. Augustine's, and had received from him a letter shortly, and
+plainly expressed, which the Warden stated to have been composed and
+written by the youth himself, and which proved how anxious he was to
+do well that which was given him to do. The author afterwards often
+thought of the amiable Kalli, and was in hopes of soon hearing from
+him in his new abode in Newfoundland. But man proposeth, and God
+disposeth. A St. John's paper, _The Newfoundland Express_, taken up
+casually in July, 1856, conveyed the intelligence that Kallihirua had
+passed away from this busy anxious world to another, and, we humbly
+and reasonably hope, a better and happier.
+
+A melancholy interest generally attaches to the history of individuals
+dying in a foreign and strange land, far from friends and home. The
+separation from all they have known and loved is, in their case, so
+entire, the change of their circumstances, habits, and associations,
+so great, that such a dispensation specially appeals to the sympathy
+of all Christian hearts.
+
+
+
+
+Allusion to Prince Le Boo
+
+
+Feelings of this kind are excited by the narrative of the early death
+of Prince Le Boo, a youthful native of the Pelew Islands, who was
+brought over to this country in July, 1784, and who, in the
+spring-time of life, after little more than five months' stay in
+England, fell a victim, to the small pox. In the memoir of that young
+prince, who died at Rotherhithe, and was buried in the church-yard
+there, in December, 1784, there are some points of resemblance to the
+case under our notice. The natural and unforced politeness of the
+youth, his aptness at conforming, in all proper things, to the habits
+and customs of those to whose hospitality he was intrusted; his warm
+and single-hearted affection for such persons, in whatever station,
+as showed him kind offices, his desire for mental improvement; his
+resignation and submission in his last illness to the will of God,
+these are features which remind us of the subject of our present
+memoir. Many are the tears which have fallen over the story of the
+young and amiable Prince Le Boo.
+
+
+
+
+Accounts from St. John's
+
+
+But to resume the thread of the narrative respecting Kalli. During the
+winter of 1855 and 1856 he had suffered frequently from cough, and
+shown other signs of constitutional weakness. His cheerfulness,
+however, had seldom failed him; his readiness to please, and be
+pleased, to oblige, and be obliged, never. In letters which he sent to
+friends in England, he always spoke with gratitude of the kindness
+shown him, and of being very happy.
+
+
+
+
+Letter from Kalli
+
+
+The following letter to Mr. Blunsom, who, as it will have been seen,
+had treated him with constant kindness, and done him much good
+service, will be read with interest.
+
+"St John's College, Newfoundland,
+January 7, 1856.
+
+                 "I received your kind letter by the December
+         mail, and am very sorry to hear of your illness. The
+         weather here is very cold, I feel it more than at
+         Cape York. I have begun to skate, and find it a
+         pleasant amusement. There is a lake a little
+         distance from the College, called, 'Quidi Vidi,' on
+         which we practise. The Bishop is very kind and good
+         to me. College here is not so large and fine a
+         place as St. Augustine's: nor are there so many
+         students. I hope that all my kind friends at
+         Canterbury are quite well. Please remember me
+         kindly to Mr. and Mrs. Gipps, and all at St.
+         Augustine's. With kind love to yourself,
+
+                            "I remain, yours affectionately,
+
+                                                    "KALLI."
+
+
+
+
+Kalli's Illness and Death
+
+
+With respect to the fatal attack under which he soon sunk, it has to
+be mentioned, that he had gone out to bathe with one of his
+fellow-students at St. John's, on Saturday, the 7th June. From
+continuing too long in the water, which was very cold, he caught a
+chill, and showed many symptoms of inflammation for some days. On
+Wednesday, good medical assistance was called in, but his constitution
+had received too violent a shock. The Surgeon had fears from the first
+that his patient would not recover. It has been observed by medical
+men, that Esquimaux have but little stamina, and generally fail under
+the first attack of serious illness. Kalli was kindly watched and
+assisted by the Rev. J. G. Mountain, and Mrs. Mountain, and his
+fellow-students. He got rapidly worse. On the Thursday he seemed
+utterly powerless, and could not lift up his arms, nor put them out of
+his bed. He was very restless during the greater part of Friday night.
+
+"Soon after ten o'clock on Saturday morning, June 14th," said the
+Bishop of Newfoundland, "his gentle soul departed. I saw him
+frequently during his illness (three times the last day), and he
+always assented most readily, when I reminded him of God's gracious
+goodness in visiting him; and that it would be better for him to
+depart, and be with Christ. It was remarkable that his English was
+more clear and distinct in his illness than I had ever known it; and
+though he said but very little, he seemed to understand better than
+ever before. The last seizure was so sudden and violent, that he did
+not articulate at all. He expired, whilst I was commending his soul to
+his faithful Creator and most merciful Saviour."
+
+He is stated to have died of "melanosis of the lungs," a disease in
+which the whole substance of the lungs turns completely black. It is
+very slow in its first advances, but fearfully rapid in its latter
+stages. The Bishop had the chest examined after death, and sent a copy
+of the Surgeon's report to the Warden of St. Augustine's.
+
+In a full communication, made to the Warden, the Bishop said, "The
+almost suddenness of our good gentle Kalli's removal makes it
+difficult to realize the fact that 'he is gone.' I still look for his
+familiar strange face among the students, wondering at his unwonted
+absence. He seemed quite identified with our little company. We all
+miss him greatly, but he has now entered on that perfect rest which he
+seemed made for, and is delivered from a troublesome, naughty world
+for which he was certainly not made."
+
+The Bishop also spoke of Kalli's _submission to those set over him;
+his kindness to all around him, and his attention to all his religious
+duties_.
+
+Many young persons, born and bred in our own country, and brought up
+from the cradle in the very midst of Christian instruction, may glean
+a valuable lesson from the character of this lamented Esquimaux
+Christian. They may ask themselves, with some feeling of self-reproof,
+whether they should have merited such praise from one so revered, and
+so well qualified to judge. "Perhaps," added Bishop Feild, "I was a
+little proud at being able to exhibit a far-off Esquimaux brought
+near, and among my own scholars."
+
+During Kalli's last illness, which, though short, was not without
+considerable suffering, the same spirit of resignation and
+thankfulness, which he had always shown, was evinced. "Mr. D---- very
+kind," "K---- very kind," "Mrs.---- very kind," "Sorry to give so much
+trouble," were expressions continually on his lips, as he was visited
+and assisted by his fellow-students, and other friends in succession.
+His gentle spirit departed in the presence of the Rev. Thomas Wood,
+the Rev. Principal of the College, and all his fellow-students.
+
+The Rev. J. F. Phelps, Vice-Principal of St. John's College,
+Newfoundland, who had been a fellow-student of Kalli's, at St.
+Augustine's, wrote thus, June 25, 1856, respecting him.
+
+"I have every reason to believe and hope that he has been translated
+to a better state, and that he now rests in his Saviour: for though
+he had not much knowledge, yet few indeed act up to their knowledge so
+well and consistently as he did to his. It must be a comfort to you,
+Sir, to be assured that in his last moments he was cared for, and
+attended by all members of the College here, the students constantly
+being with him, as well as Mr. and Mrs. Mountain and myself. He showed
+himself very grateful for all that was being done for him, and
+expressed great sorrow at giving so much trouble. He always spoke of
+his friends in England with great affection, and was delighted
+whenever he received letters from them, which he was always eager to
+answer. Altogether, his was a very amiable character, and we all felt
+his loss very much."
+
+In another letter from Mr. Phelps is the following passage:--
+
+"During his last illness, in his conversation with me, it was evident
+that he quite understood the principle on which we Christians ought to
+bear our sufferings, patiently, and even thankfully, because of the
+still greater sufferings which we deserve, and which our Divine
+Saviour bore for us. I was, I confess, surprised at the readiness
+with which he realized the truth and the force of this reasoning."
+
+
+
+
+Legacy to a Friend
+
+
+The author had often remarked the very grateful manner in which the
+youth acknowledged any kindness shown towards him. He spoke with the
+utmost affection of his dear friends, Captain Ommanney, Captain
+Austin, R.N., the Rev. the Warden of St. Augustine's College, and Mrs.
+Bailey. Mrs. Bailey, he said, taught him constantly his readings in
+the New Testament, heard him his hymns, and corrected his
+writing-exercises. The Rev. A. P. Moor, Sub-Warden of the College, was
+also very kind to him, and gained his regard.
+
+Of the moderate means placed at his disposal he was always properly
+careful, expending very little upon himself. He had a few pounds laid
+up in the Savings' Bank at Canterbury. This amount, together with his
+humble store of goods and chattels, consisting chiefly of the prints
+which had adorned his room, he left, by a kind of will, to his
+untiring and constant friend, Captain Ommanney, in token of gratitude
+and regard.
+
+
+
+
+Kalli's Funeral
+
+
+The remains of Kallihirua were borne to the grave by his
+fellow-students, and followed by the Vice-Principal of the College,
+and by the Bishop of Newfoundland, as chief mourner. The Burial
+Service in the church (St. Thomas's) was conducted by the Rev. Mr.
+Wood, and in the cemetery by the Rev. Mr. Mountain, the Principal of
+the College. The quiet solemnity of the service was in keeping with
+the life and death of the gentle Kalli.
+
+Mrs. Mountain, of St. John's, Newfoundland, in whose house he lived,
+and who had kindly assisted in instructing him, wrote as follows:--
+
+"It is in sincere sorrow and mourning that I write to inform you that
+we yesterday followed to the grave our poor Erasmus Kallihirua. He
+died after only a few days' illness, brought on by incautiously going
+out to bathe with one of our other students. On the following day,
+when he came to me to read, as usual, he complained of great pain in
+the chest and side, and so rapid was the inflammation, that the usual
+remedies were unavailing.
+
+"Poor fellow, he was as patient and gentle during his illness, as he
+always was when he was well and strong, and expressed perfect
+resignation to God's will, and much thankfulness to those who
+ministered to him. We all loved him for his unvarying kindness and
+gentleness, his submission to those set over him, and his willingness
+to serve all. I miss him so very much, not only in his daily lessons,
+but in his constant knock at our door, to know whether I had any thing
+for him to do in the garden, or a message in the town when he was
+going out for a walk.
+
+"He looked very nice, lying in his silver-white coffin, covered with
+flowers, and a bunch of lilies and wild pear-blossoms on his bosom. We
+trust that he was one of the blessed meek who shall inherit the earth.
+We were all with him when he breathed his last, the Bishop, and the
+Principal of St. John's College, commending his soul to his faithful
+Creator."
+
+
+
+
+Intended Memorial
+
+
+It is proposed to inscribe a record of Kalli, and of other deceased
+students of St. Augustine's College, on a tablet in the crypt under
+the College Chapel. A memorial stone will be erected over Kalli's
+grave in St. John's, Newfoundland.
+
+With reference to the recent decease of some hopeful students of St.
+Augustine's, who, after giving promise of much usefulness in the cause
+of missions, had been removed from this earthly scene, Mr. Phelps
+observed in a letter lately printed at the St. Augustine's College
+Press:--
+
+"The whole College is again reminded, that 'all flesh is grass,' and
+that our life 'is even a vapour that appeareth for a little time, and
+then vanisheth away.' Poor Kalli is no longer with us. He has been
+made fit for the Master's use, and has been taken back by Him who lent
+him to us."
+
+
+
+
+Practical Reflections
+
+
+The writer in the "Newfoundland Express" made the following practical
+reflections on Kalli's early death, which suggest serious though
+cheering thoughts:--
+
+"It may seem to some persons but folly, and to others but mere
+boasting, to point to this young man, as any fruit of, or recompense
+for, the costly and calamitous Arctic expeditions. But others may not
+think it all in vain, if thereby one soul has been saved, and an
+example left to a few young men, of thankfulness and kindness to men,
+duty and devotion towards God. Such was Erasmus Augustine Kallihirua,
+once a poor benighted Esquimaux, but brought out of darkness into the
+marvellous light of the Gospel, to be a pattern to some, who, with
+much greater advantages, are far inferior in the best graces of the
+Christian."
+
+
+
+
+Conclusion
+
+
+All that has been written will tend to show that Kallihirua was held
+in much esteem and affection by those who knew him, and that some
+tribute, (such as even this little memoir,) is due to the memory of
+one who was well called "Erasmus," or "beloved."
+
+This, however, is not the chief end which the author had in view in
+presenting an account of Kalli's short career among his adopted
+countrymen. He would fain convey, amidst other wholesome lessons, that
+of the uncertainty of life, and the necessity of working while it is
+day. When we reflect on the departure of one, whose face and figure
+still dwell in the minds of many of us, it would be wise to remember,
+that we ourselves are making for the same point of our journey, the
+concluding scene of this short existence, the end of our probation.
+How trifling and insignificant do all other events appear, compared
+with the close of the race, and the arrival at the looked-for goal!
+May God grant us grace to act constantly on this conviction, as to all
+our plans and prospects!
+
+THE END
+
+
+GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON
+
+
+
+
+BOOKS
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+----------------------------- (Quebec)                     3  8
+Anson's (Lord) Voyage round the World, _with map_          4  8
+Australia and its Gold Regions (A Visit to)                2  8
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+Bingley's (Rev. W.) Celebrated Voyagers                    4  0
+------------------- Celebrated Travellers                  4  0
+Biographical Sketches, _with cuts_                         1  4
+Bonnell, James, Esq. (Life of)                             3  4
+Burton's (Rev. Dr. E.) History of the Christian Church
+                                            _cloth_        5  0
+Channel Islands (Rambles among the), by a Naturalist       3  0
+China, _with cuts_                                         1  8
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+Conversations on the History of Russia Part I.             2  0
+-------------------------------------- Part II.            2  8
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+Davies of Devanden (Memoir of), _portrait_                 1  8
+Defoe on the Plague (Abridgment of), with Evelyn's
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+Hone's (Rev. R. B.) Lives of Eminent Christians,
+    _with portraits_
+  Vol I.--Bishop Wilson, Archbishop Usher, Dr. Henry
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+  Vol III.--Bishop Ridley, Bishop Hall, and Hon.
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+------------ Two Voyages to Hudson's Bay                   1  8
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+Summer in the Antarctic Regions, _with a map and cuts_     3  0
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+  Sects, _with views, &c._                       _cloth_   4  0
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+  to the Continent of North America                        1  9
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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian, by Thomas Boyles Murray</title>
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+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian, by Thomas
+Boyles Murray</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian</p>
+<p>       A Memoir</p>
+<p>Author: Thomas Boyles Murray</p>
+<p>Release Date: June 12, 2007  [eBook #21819]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>E-text prepared by a www.PGDP.net volunteer, David T. Jones,<br />
+    and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br />
+    from page images generously made available by<br />
+    Early Canadiana Online<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.canadiana.org">http://www.canadiana.org</a>)</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top">
+      Note:
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      Images of the original pages are available through
+      Early Canadiana Online. See
+      <a href="http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/ItemRecord/38903?id=1941797aec72ba81">
+      http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/ItemRecord/38903?id=1941797aec72ba81</a>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;">
+<img src="images/titlepage.png" width="434" height="596" alt="title page" title="" />
+</div>
+<br /><br /><br />
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Title_Page" id="Title_Page"></a></span>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;">
+<img src="images/kalli.png" width="434" height="596" alt="Kallihirua with signature" title="" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<br /><br />
+
+<h2>KALLI,</h2>
+
+<h6>THE</h6>
+
+<h3>ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN.</h3>
+
+<h4>A MEMOIR</h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+
+<h4>BY THE REV. T. B. MURRAY, M.A.</h4>
+
+<h5>AUTHOR OF "PITCAIRN, THE ISLAND, THE PEOPLE, AND<br />
+THE PASTOR"</h5>
+
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+
+<h6>PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF<br />
+THE COMMITTEE OF GENERAL LITERATURE AND EDUCATION,<br />
+APPOINTED BY THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING<br />
+CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE</h6>
+
+<h4>LONDON</h4>
+<h6>Printed for the</h6>
+<h4>SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE</h4>
+<h5>SOLD AT THE DEPOSITORIES<br />
+GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS,<br />
+4, ROYAL EXCHANGE, AND 16, HANOVER STREET, HANOVER SQUARE<br />
+AND BY ALL BOOKSELLERS</h5>
+
+<h4>1856</h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg&nbsp;5]</a></span>
+<h4>CONTENTS</h4>
+
+<table width="60%" border="0" summary="contents">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr">PAGE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kallihirua the Esquimaux</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Her Majesty's Ship "Assistance"</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cape York</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kallihirua on board the "Assistance"</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">The Esquimaux Graves</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kallihirua's Family</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lines on "Kallihirua in the Ship"</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Description of the Esquimaux</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Admiral Beechey's Account</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">The Seal</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">The Narwhal</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sir W. Edward Parry's Account</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Need of Christian Instruction</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kallihirua's Tribe</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kallihirua in England</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">ib.</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">His Fondness for Prints and Drawings</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Seal Hunter</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sights in England</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Great Exhibition of 1851</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">St. Augustine's College</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">College Studies</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">His Reverence for Sacred Places</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Illness from Changes in the Weather</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Greenland-Esquimaux Vocabulary</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Visit to Kalli at College</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">His Amusements and Occupations</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Baptism of Kallihirua</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Stanzas by the Warden</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kalli at St. John's, Newfoundland</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Death of Archdeacon Bridge</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Intelligence from Newfoundland</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Allusion to Prince Le Boo</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Accounts from St John's</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Letter from Kalli</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kalli's Illness and Death</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Legacy to a Friend</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kalli's Funeral</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Intended Memorial</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Practical Reflections</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Conclusion</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg&nbsp;6]</a></span>
+<h4>ILLUSTRATIONS</h4>
+
+<table width="60%" border="0" summary="illustrations">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Portrait of Kallihirua</td>
+<td><a href="#Title_Page"><i>To face Title Page</i></a></td>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Map, including his Birthplace</td>
+<td><i>To face Page</i></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Entrance to a Snow Hut</td>
+<td><i>Page</i></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Esquimaux Striking a Narwhal</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Seal Hunter</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Walrus and Seal</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">St. Martin's Church, Canterbury</td>
+<td><i>To face page</i></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<br /><br />
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg&nbsp;7]</a></span>
+<h3>KALLIHIRUA THE ESQUIMAUX.</h3>
+
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br />
+<p><span class="smcap">Kallihirua</span>, notwithstanding the disadvantages
+of person (for he was plain, and short of stature, and <i>looked</i> what
+he was,&mdash;an Esquimaux), excited a feeling of interest and regard
+in those who were acquainted with his history, and who knew his docile
+mind, and the sweetness of his disposition.</p>
+
+<p>Compliance with the precept in the Old Testament, "Love ye the
+stranger<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"> </a>
+<a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>,
+" becomes a delight as well as a duty in such an instance
+as that about to be recorded, especially when we consider the
+affecting injunction conveyed in the Epistle to the Hebrews, "Be not
+forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have entertained
+angels unawares<a name="FNanchor_2" id="FNanchor_2"> </a>
+<a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>."</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg&nbsp;8]</a></span>
+<h4>Her Majesty's Ship "Assistance"</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Erasmus Augustine York, whose native name was Kallihirua, was brought
+to England on board Her Majesty's ship "Assistance," Captain Erasmus
+Ommanney, in 1851. Captain Ommanney was second in command of the
+expedition under the orders of Captain Horatio Austin, C.B., which was
+dispatched in May, 1850, in search of the missing vessels of Sir John
+Franklin, the "Erebus" and "Terror". Franklin had quitted England on
+his perilous and fatal enterprise in May, 1845.</p>
+
+<p>Much interest was attached to the young Esquimaux, who was considered
+to be about sixteen years of age in August, 1850. He was one of a
+tribe inhabiting the country in the vicinity of Wolstenholme Sound, at
+the head of Baffin's Bay, in 76&deg; 3' north latitude, the nearest
+residents to the North Pole of any human beings known to exist on the
+globe. He was the only person ever brought to this country from so
+high a northern latitude. His tribe was met with by the late Sir John
+Ross, during his voyage in 1818, and was by him called the Arctic
+Highlanders.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg&nbsp;9]</a></span>
+<h4>Cape York</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>It appears that, when the expedition under Captain Austin's command
+was passing Cape York, in August, 1850, after its release from the ice
+in Melville Bay, natives were seen from the "Assistance". Captain
+Ommanney went with the "Intrepid" (one of the vessels comprising the
+expedition) to communicate with them, when it was ascertained that
+H.M.S., "North Star," had passed the winter in the neighbourhood. The
+fate of this vessel was then a matter of anxiety, as by her
+instructions she had been cautioned to avoid passing the winter in
+those regions. The tribe thus discovered consisted of only three
+families, residing in their summer huts at Cape York. As no steamer
+had ever before found its way to these seas, it was interesting to
+watch the impression upon the singular beings now visited, when they
+descended into the engine-room. The large furnaces and machinery
+astonished them. The latter, on being put in motion, made them take to
+their heels with fright, and they ran out of the engine-room on deck
+as fast as they could.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg&nbsp;10]</a></span>
+<h4>Kallihirua on board the "Assistance"</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>It was after this first interview that the report was raised of the
+massacre of two ships' crews in 1846. Captain Ommanney, accompanied by
+Captain Penny, with his interpreter, immediately returned to Cape
+York, and had a long interview with the natives. They most
+emphatically denied the whole statement, adding, that no ship
+had ever been on their coasts except the "North Star," and passing
+whalers. Then it was, that Kallihirua consented to show Captain
+Ommanney where the "North Star" had wintered, and to join the ship,
+for the purpose of being useful as an interpreter, in the event of
+their meeting with any natives during the search for the missing
+expedition under Sir John Franklin. Parting (for awhile, as he
+supposed) with his immediate relatives, and with the only people whom
+he knew on earth, he threw himself into the hands of strangers in
+perfect confidence. Having arrived on board the "Assistance," he put
+off his rough native costume, submitted to the process of a good
+washing, and, being soon clad in ordinary European clothing, which was
+cheerfully contributed by the officers, the young Esquimaux with much
+intelligence performed the duty of pilot to the place where the "North
+Star" had wintered.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/map1.png" width="500" height="337" alt="map of Kalli's birthplace" title="" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<br />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:100%">
+<img width="100%" src="images/map2.jpg" alt="detailed map" title="" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<p><i>London. Published by the Society for protecting Christian Knowledge</i>.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg&nbsp;11]</a></span>
+<h4>The Esquimaux Graves</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>On entering Wolstenholme Sound<a name="FNanchor_3" id="FNanchor_3"> </a>
+<a href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>, Kallihirua, or, as he was
+familiarly called, <span class="smcap">Kalli</span>, directed Captain
+Ommanney and the officers to the late winter-station of his tribe, the
+spot having been abandoned in consequence of some epidemic, probably
+influenza, which had carried off several persons. On entering the
+huts, a most distressing sight presented itself. A heap of dead
+bodies, about seven, in a state of decomposition, lay, one over the
+other, clad in their skin-clothing, as if suddenly cut off by the hand
+of death. The survivors, from fear of infection, had left the remains
+of their relatives unburied. It was an affecting scene in such a
+remote and desolate region, separated from all communication with the
+human race. Near the huts was the burial-ground, with several
+well-formed graves of heaps of stones. On one lay a spear, which one
+of the officers of the "Assistance" took up, to bring away. Some of
+the crew were examining the graves to see whether they contained any
+of our missing countrymen. Seeing this, Kalli ran up to the officer,
+and, with tears and entreaties, as well as he could make himself
+understood, begged him and the men to desist from the work of
+desecration.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg&nbsp;12]</a></span>
+<h4>Kallihirua's Family</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Poor Kalli's lamentations were quite heartrending. His feelings were,
+of course, respected, the graves were at once built up again, and the
+spear replaced. Captain Ommanney learnt afterwards from Kalli, that it
+was his father's grave, over which the spear had been placed by
+friends of the deceased. They have a tradition that in a future state
+the means of hunting are still required, and, because in this world
+the search of food is the chief object of life, the hunting-lance is
+deposited on the grave.</p>
+
+<p>The young stranger subsequently lived on board the "Assistance". He
+was placed under the care of the serjeant of Marines, who instructed
+Kalli in the rudiments of reading and writing, and to whom he became
+much attached. By his amiable disposition he made himself welcome and
+agreeable to all the expedition, and, as, in consequence of the state
+of the ice, no opportunity was offered of landing him on his native
+shores, on the return of the vessel past York Inlet, he was brought to
+England. The leaders of the expedition conferred the surname of York
+upon him, from the locality in which he was found. To this the name of
+Erasmus was prefixed, after that of the gallant Captain Ommanney.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg&nbsp;13]</a></span>
+<h4>Lines on "Kallihirua in the Ship"</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Kalli was a twin. His father, whose grave has been mentioned, had been
+dead for some years, but he had a mother living, of whom he often
+spoke with duty and affection. His father's name was Kirshung-oak. His
+mother's Sa-toor-ney. He had two sisters living with their mother. A
+touching circumstance, connected with his first introduction to our
+countrymen, has been adverted to, which gave rise to the following
+lines by the writer of this memoir. They were published in the "Gospel
+Missionary," in the year of the arrival of Kallihirua, and are
+supposed to be spoken by a British sailor on board the "Assistance"&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<h4>KALLI IN THE SHIP</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">A frost, like iron, held the air,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">A calm was on the sea,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">But fields of ice were spreading there,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">And closing on our lee.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Our ship half bound, as if aground,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Was scarcely seen to go.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">All hands on deck were gather'd round</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">The little ESQUIMAUX.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">For he had come amongst our crew,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">A week or so before,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And now we knew not what to do</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">To put him safe ashore.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg&nbsp;14]</a></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Poor lad, he strain'd his eyes in vain,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Till tears began to come,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And tried if he could see again</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">His mother and his home.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">The Captain then saw through his glass</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">The Inlet, and the Bay,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">But floes of ice, as green as grass,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">And icebergs block'd the way.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">"Up with the sail!&mdash;the wind's awake!"</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Hark to the Captain's call,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">"I see, my boys, we shall not make</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">York Inlet, after all."</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">We look'd upon the swarthy lad,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Then look'd upon each other,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And all were sure that he was sad</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">With thinking of his mother.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">We cheer'd him up, and soon he grew</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">So useful and so kind,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">The crew were glad, and Kalli too,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">He was not left behind.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">He learn'd to make the best of it,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">And now, by time and care,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">They tell us he can read a bit,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">And say an easy prayer.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">O Kalli, fail not, day by day,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">To kneel to God above;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Then He will hear you when you pray,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">And guard you with his love.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Go on, my friend, in years and grace,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Your precious time employ,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And you will pass, in wisdom's race,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">The idle English boy.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Nay, if you learn and practise too</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">The lessons of your youth,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Some heathen tribes may gain from you</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">The light of Gospel truth.</span><br /></p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg&nbsp;15]</a></span>
+<h4>Description of the Esquimaux</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>It may here be interesting to say a few words respecting the people
+who inhabit the gloomy abodes whence Kallihirua came, and where he had
+passed the greater part of his life.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 405px;">
+<img src="images/snowhut.png" width="405" height="329"
+alt="Entrance to a Snow-Hut" title="ENTRANCE TO A SNOW-HUT" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<br />
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg&nbsp;16]</a></span>
+<h4>Admiral Beechey's Account</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>"The characteristic features of the Esquimaux," says Admiral Beechey,
+"are large fat round faces, high cheek-bones, small hazel eyes,
+eyebrows slanting like the Chinese, and wide mouths." They are
+generally under five feet high, and have brown complexions. Beechey,
+in his Narrative of a Voyage to Behring's Strait, &amp;c., in H.M.S.
+"Blossom," gave a curious and particular description of the habits and
+customs of the Esquimaux, their wretched hovels, or "yourts,"
+snow-dwellings, and underground huts, and the general want of
+cleanliness in their persons and dwellings.</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of a tribe which he visited, he says, "We found them very
+honest, extremely good-natured and friendly. Their tents were
+constructed of skins, loosely stretched over a few spars of
+drift-wood, and were neither wind nor water tight. The tents were, as
+usual, filthy, but suitable to the taste of their inhabitants, who no
+doubt saw nothing in them that was revolting. The natives testified
+much pleasure at our visit, and placed before us several dishes,
+amongst which were two of their choicest,&mdash;the entrails of a fine
+seal, and a bowl of coagulated blood. But desirous as we were to
+oblige them, there was not one of our party that could be induced
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg&nbsp;17]</a></span>
+to partake of their hospitality. Seeing our reluctance, they tried us
+with another dish, consisting of the raw flesh of the narwhal, nicely
+cut into lumps, with an equal distribution of black and white fat, but
+they were not more successful here than at first."</p>
+
+<h4>The Seal</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The seal's flesh supplies the natives with their most palatable and
+substantial food, which however has a fishy flavour, as the creatures
+feed chiefly on fish. Seals are sometimes taken on land, when
+surprised basking in the sun, with their young. As soon as they are
+alarmed by the sight of their enemies, they scuttle away, and make for
+the sea<a name="FNanchor_4" id="FNanchor_4">
+</a><a href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>.
+It is on the great deep that the Esquimaux, driven by
+hunger, chiefly seeks his precarious food. In his light canoe, which
+is made of seal-skins stretched over a slight framework of wood, he
+hunts, in all weathers, for his prey, especially for the much-prized
+Narwhal.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">There, tumbling in their seal-skin boat,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Fearless, the hungry fishers float,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And from the teeming seas supply</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">The food their niggard plains deny.</span><br /></p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg&nbsp;18]</a></span>
+<h4>The Narwhal</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;">
+<img src="images/narwhal.png" width="452" height="450"
+alt="Esquimaux striking a narwhal" title="ESQUIMAUX STRIKING A NARWHAL" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<br />
+
+<p>The same intrepid boldness is shown in their chase of the reindeer,
+the bear, and the fox. Over the boundless deserts of snow they are
+borne rapidly along
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg&nbsp;19]</a></span>
+by their faithful dogs, which are harnessed to a sledge, six or seven
+to the team, and which scamper away, often in seeming confusion, but
+with a precision of aim and object which is perfectly surprising. No
+country presents a finer specimen of that honest, affectionate,
+much-enduring creature, the dog. Kindness to animals is always
+praiseworthy, and to the honour of the Esquimaux women it must be
+said, that they are remarked for their humane treatment of these dogs.
+They take care of them when they are ill, and use them better than the
+men do. Still under blows and hard usage the dogs are faithful, and
+willing to labour.</p>
+
+<h4>Sir W. Edward Parry's Account</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The Esquimaux sometimes use slabs of ice for the walls of their huts,
+cementing them together with snow and water. Kennels for their dogs
+are also made of the same material. The late Admiral Sir W. Edward
+Parry, in the course of a voyage commenced in May, 1821, the chief
+object of which was the discovery of the North-West passage, availed
+himself of a winter's imprisonment in the ice, to observe and record
+the ways and manners of the Esquimaux, whose guest he was. His account
+is on the whole satisfactory. "I can
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg&nbsp;20]</a></span>
+safely affirm," said he, "that, whilst thus lodged beneath their roof,
+I know no people whom I would more confidently trust, as respects
+either my person or my property, than the Esquimaux."</p>
+
+<p>He also described their domestic character. The affection of the
+parents towards their children showed itself in a thousand ways, and
+the children on their part have so much gentleness and docility as to
+render any kind of chastisement unnecessary. Even from their earliest
+infancy, they are said to possess that quietness of disposition,
+gentleness of demeanour, and uncommon evenness of temper, for which in
+more mature age they are for the most part distinguished. Disobedience
+is scarcely ever known; a word or even a look from a parent is enough.</p>
+
+<p>These traits, added to industry and endurance of various kinds of
+difficulty, form the fair side of the picture, such as that amiable
+and distinguished officer was fond of presenting. The exhibition of
+these features of character was probably called forth, in a great
+degree, by his own kindness and good management, whilst living among
+them.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg&nbsp;21]</a></span>
+<h4>Need of Christian Instruction</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>But doubtless there are other and less favourable points of view in
+which these people must be sometimes considered. At all events, it is
+sad to learn, from the silence of some travellers, and the actual
+statements of others, that the Esquimaux do not appear to have any
+idea of the existence of a Supreme Being, or to hold any notion of
+religion. Separated from the whole civilized world, and frequently
+finding it a struggle to live, even with the help of their faithful
+dogs, they are objects of pity and concern, rather than of sanguine
+hope and expectation to the Christian mind. But were an opportunity to
+occur of carrying the Gospel to their snow-clad land, there is little
+doubt that the remark of Parry, applied to an individual of one of
+their tribes, might be used of all: "On dispositions thus naturally
+charitable, what might not Christian education, and Christian
+principles effect?"</p>
+
+<h4>Kallihirua's Tribe</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Certainly, the instance now before the reader affords a good
+illustration of this view of the Esquimaux character. It is Captain
+Ommanney's opinion that Kallihirua's tribe may be regarded as a
+remnant of the pure race which, no doubt, in
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg&nbsp;22]</a></span>
+ages past migrated from Asia along the coasts of the Parry Group of
+Islands and Barrow's Straits. The features, and formation of skull,
+bespeak Tartar extraction. "Their isolated position," he adds, "being
+far north of the Danish settlements in Greenland, and far removed from
+the American continent, has kept them uncontaminated with any of the
+various mixed breeds of which the Esquimaux in those regions must be
+composed."</p>
+
+<h4>Kallihirua in England</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Captain Ommanney, soon after his arrival in England, brought young
+Kallihirua to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. At that
+time he could only speak a few words, such as "Ship," "Sea," "Very
+sick;" "England, things very nice," "Captain very good". From his
+language and gesture it was gathered, that he had suffered much from
+sea-sickness on the voyage; that he had been treated with the utmost
+care and kindness on board, and that he was highly pleased with
+English fare, and with the reception which he had met with in this
+country.</p>
+
+<p>His manners were so gentle, and even polite, without any seeming
+effort, as to excite astonishment
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg&nbsp;23]</a></span>
+in those who knew how short a time he had enjoyed the
+advantages of education. It was clear that great pains had been taken
+with him on board the "Assistance," where his great study had been to
+adapt himself to the habits and manners of those among whom his lot
+was so singularly cast. "In this," says Captain Ommanney, "he
+succeeded; for people were surprised at his good address, when he
+reached England."</p>
+
+<h4>His Fondness for Prints and Drawings</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>He was always much pleased with the company of young people, and
+appeared quite at home with them. Some books and prints were placed in
+the hands of the youth, and he expressed the greatest delight in
+seeing views of ships in the ice, and the figure of an Esquimaux
+watching for a seal. After gazing for a few moments at the latter, he
+uttered a cry of pleasure, and said, "This one of my people!" It
+seemed as if, for the time, he had been carried back to his own land,
+which, however homely, was once his home. Had any proof been wanting
+of the faithfulness of the representation, his hearty and joyous
+approval of it would have afforded sufficient evidence of its
+accuracy.</p>
+
+<p>The reader shall see the engraving of the lonely seal-hunter which so
+much pleased poor Kalli.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg&nbsp;24]</a></span>
+<h4>Seal Hunter</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 443px;">
+<img src="images/sealhunter.png" width="443" height="337"
+alt="The lonely seal hunter" title="THE LONELY SEAL HUNTER" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<br />
+
+<p>In this situation, we are told, a man will sit quietly for ten or
+twelve hours together, at a temperature of thirty or forty degrees
+below zero, watching for the opportunity of killing and taking the
+seal, which is supposed to be at work making its hole beneath in the
+ice. The Esquimaux, partly sheltered from the "winter's wind," and
+fast-falling snow, by a snow-wall, has got his spear
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg&nbsp;25]</a></span>
+and lines ready, and he has tied his knees together, to prevent his
+disturbing the seal by making the slightest noise.</p>
+
+<h4>Sights in England</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Kalli, whilst in London, on a visit to the author, was taken to the
+British Museum. With some of the objects there he was much gratified.
+The antiquities, sculpture, and specimens of art and science, had not
+such charms in his sight as had the life-like forms of stuffed animals
+in that great national collection. With the seals, reindeer, and a
+gigantic walrus, with bright glass eyes, he was especially struck and
+amused, lingering for some time in the attractive apartment which
+contained them.</p>
+
+<p>He had now and then much to bear from rudeness and incivility on the
+part of some thoughtless persons, who derided his personal appearance,
+though they were not successful in putting him out of temper. The
+author recollects an instance of this in a street in London. He was
+walking with Kalli, when two young men, who ought to have known
+better, stared at the youth in passing, and laughed in his face: then
+presently turning round, they said, as they pointed at him, "There
+goes a Chinese!" He merely looked up, smiling,
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg&nbsp;26]</a></span>
+as if at their ignorance, and want of proper feeling.</p>
+
+<p>It has been observed of the people of his nation, that they evince
+little or no surprise or excitement at such things as occasion
+admiration in others. When Kalli first came up the river Thames with
+Captain Ommanney, and travelled from Woolwich by the railway, thence
+proceeding through the wonderful thoroughfare from London Bridge to
+the West End of the town, passing St. Paul's Cathedral, and Charing
+Cross, he merely said, <i>It was all very good</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"I took him with me," said the Captain, "to the Great Exhibition, the
+Crystal Palace, in Hyde Park. He beheld all the treasures around him
+with great coolness, and only expressed his wonder at the vast
+multitude of people."</p>
+
+<h4>Great Exhibition of 1851</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>This is natural enough. Many of our readers may recall the feelings of
+astonishment with which they viewed that large assemblage. On one of
+the shilling days, in October, 1851, ninety-two thousand human beings
+were collected together in the Crystal Palace at one time
+<a name="FNanchor_5" id="FNanchor_5"></a>
+<a href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>. The force of
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg&nbsp;27]</a></span>
+contrast could perhaps go no further than in this instance. A young
+stranger who, in his own country, in a space of hundreds of miles
+around him, had only three families (probably twelve persons) to
+count, makes one of a multitude of more than ninety thousand of his
+fellow-creatures, in a building of glass, covering only eighteen acres
+of ground!</p>
+
+<p>He was taken to see the Horse Guards' Stables. On seeing a trooper
+mount his charger, (both being fully accoutred,) Kalli was puzzled. He
+could not account for the perfect order and discipline of the animal,
+and the mutual fitness of the man and his horse, the one for the
+other.</p>
+
+<h4>St. Augustine's College</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>In November, 1851, Kallihirua was placed, by direction of the Lords of
+the Admiralty, at the suggestion of the Society for the Propagation of
+the Gospel, in the Missionary College of St. Augustine's, at
+Canterbury. This college, built on the site of the ancient monastery
+of St. Augustine, was established in 1848, for the reception of
+students intended for the work of the sacred Ministry in the colonies
+and dependencies of the British Empire, as well as among the heathen.
+The College, to which the Queen gave a charter of incorporation,
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg&nbsp;28]</a></span>
+owes its origin chiefly to the munificence
+of A. J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., who purchased the ground, and gave
+the site. The College Chapel was consecrated on the morning of St.
+Peter's Day, June 29th, 1848, when seven prelates, with the Archbishop
+of Canterbury at their head, were present.</p>
+
+<h4>College Studies</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Kallihirua remained a student of the College, attending to the
+instruction given him, and conducting himself well and properly in all
+respects. Under the kind auspices of the Rev. H. Bailey, the learned
+and judicious Warden of the College, who took the greatest interest in
+him, he availed himself, as far as his powers admitted, of the
+advantages of the institution. He appeared rightly to understand and
+value the blessings of education in a civilized community, and
+received with reverence the simple and saving truths of the Gospel. It
+was hoped, that, should he willingly and intelligently embrace the
+Christian faith, he might at no distant period convey the "glad
+tidings of good things" as a missionary or catechist to his own
+benighted friends and countrymen.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg&nbsp;29]</a></span>
+<p>In September, 1852, the Warden, in a letter, informed the author, that
+Kallihirua had been in good health all the summer. "We consider
+him," said he, "a youth of intelligence, and quick observation. His
+progress in reading is necessarily slow, though he can manage words of
+four or five letters, he is fond of writing, and succeeds very well.
+He is very devout at prayers, and attentive to the religious
+instruction given him. I think he will one day be of essential use to
+a missionary in some northern region. He is grateful to you for your
+kind offer of books, and will write a letter of acknowledgment."</p>
+
+<h4>His Reverence for Sacred Places</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>It was but a short time after his settling at St. Augustine's College,
+that one of the students took him to see Canterbury Cathedral. The
+reverent regard with which he had been taught to look upon a church,
+as a place where prayer was made to God, manifested itself in his
+inquiry, when entering the nave, "Whether he might cough there?" This
+tendency to cough, arising from an ailment, the seeds of which had
+probably been sown long before, was often observable; and he was very
+susceptible of cold.</p>
+
+<h4>Illness from Changes in the Weather</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>In the spring of 1853 he suffered much from the variableness of the
+season. The mode in which he described his state to a friend is very
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg&nbsp;30]</a></span>
+simple and affecting. The original letter, which was entirely his own,
+both in composition and handwriting, is here copied verbatim. It
+commences with his signature:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">"E. YORK, St. Augustine's College. April, 1853.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">"My dear Sir,</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">"I am very glad to tell, How do you do, Sir?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I been England, long time none very well. Long</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">time none very well. Very bad weather. I know</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">very well, very bad cough. I very sorry, very</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">bad weather, dreadful. Country very difference.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Another day cold. Another day wet, I miserable.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">"Another summer come. Very glad. Great</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">many trees. Many wood. Summer beautiful,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">country Canterbury."</span></p>
+
+<p>Should any reader be disposed to look with the smile of a critic on
+this humble but genuine effort, let him bear in mind the difficulties
+which poor <i>English</i> adults have to encounter in learning to read and
+write; and then let him judge of the obstacles in the way of one whose
+existence had been spent with his native tribe, on fields of ice, and
+in dark snow-huts.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg&nbsp;31]</a></span>
+<p>In all attacks of illness he was attended with assiduous kindness by
+Mr. Hallowes, of Canterbury, the skilful surgeon employed by the
+College, who showed much hospitality to Kalli. One of Mr. Hallowes'
+family circle on Christmas-day was always the good-humoured
+broad-faced Esquimaux. At their juvenile parties, the youth joined
+cheerfully in the sports of the children, and he sometimes sung them
+some of the wild and plaintive airs peculiar to his tribe.</p>
+
+<p>It is believed that Kalli never omitted his morning and evening
+prayers by his bed-side, and his utterance was full of devout
+earnestness. Mr. Bailey remembers once travelling with him to Deal,
+and while in the railway carriage, the youth quietly took out of his
+pocket a little book, which was afterwards found to be a collection of
+texts for each day in the year. For some time he was reading
+thoughtfully the text for the day. No notice was taken of this to him;
+and as for himself, never perhaps was any one more free from the least
+approach to ostentation.</p>
+
+<h4>Greenland-Esquimaux Vocabulary</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>In the year 1853, Kalli rendered essential Service in the preparation
+of a Greenland Esquimaux Vocabulary, for the use of the Arctic
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg&nbsp;32]</a></span>
+Expedition of that year. The work was printed by direction of the
+Lords of the Admiralty, with a short Preface acknowledging the
+advantage of his assistance. Captain Washington, R.N., Hydrographer of
+the Admiralty, says in the Preface, "Every word has now been revised
+from the lips of a native. In the Midsummer vacation in 1852
+Kallihirua passed some days with me, and we went partly over the
+Vocabulary. I found him intelligent, speaking English very fairly,
+docile and imitative, his great pleasure appearing to be a pencil and
+paper, with which he drew animals and ships. At the Christmas
+holidays, we revised more of the Vocabulary, &amp;c."</p>
+
+<p>A member of the Expedition afterwards visited St. Augustine's College
+and stated that the Vocabulary had been found to be of much service.</p>
+
+<h4>Visit to Kalli at College</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The writer of this Memoir well recollects the circumstances of a visit
+which he paid with his family to St. Augustine's College, Canterbury,
+on a bright day, in August, 1853, when (it being the vacation) only
+three students remained in residence. These were 1. Kallihirua, 2. a
+young Hindoo by name Mark Pitamber Paul, and 3. Lambert
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg&nbsp;33]</a></span>
+McKenzie, a youth of colour, a native of Africa, sent to the College
+by the Bishop of Guiana. Kalli, who was the only one of these
+personally known to the author, did not at first appear. He had
+strolled out to witness a cricket-match in a field near Canterbury,
+but Blunsom, the College porter, said that he had promised to return
+by two o'clock, and that he was very punctual.</p>
+
+<p>It is here due both to Blunsom and his wife, to say that they were
+most kind friends to Kalli, watching over him with the most thoughtful
+attention, and the tenderest care throughout.</p>
+
+<p>As the Cathedral clock struck two, Kalli entered the College-gates.
+With hair black as the raven's wing, and eyes sparkling with
+good-humour, he made his appearance; and soon showed a desire to do
+the honours of the College. His dress was neat, like that of a young
+English gentleman, and he had a gaiety of look and manner, but far
+removed from foppery of apparel or demeanour. With true
+politeness&mdash;that of the heart&mdash;he accompanied the visitors
+over the Library, the Chapel, the Common Hall and the Dormitories of
+the College; each student having a small bed-room and study to
+himself.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg&nbsp;34]</a></span>
+<h4>His Amusements and Occupations</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Kalli took great pleasure in exhibiting the carpenter's shop, a
+spacious crypt below the Library. Attention was there called to the
+wooden frame of a small house, in the construction of which, it
+appeared, he had borne a part. He said, when asked, that he should
+most probably find the knowledge of carpentering valuable some day,
+and that he should like to teach his countrymen the many good and
+useful things which he had learned in his College. He spoke little,
+and was evidently conscious of his imperfect pronunciation, but in
+answer to a question on the subject, he said he hoped to tell his
+people about religion, and the truths of the Gospel which he had been
+taught in England.</p>
+
+<p>His amusements were of a quiet and innocent kind. He made small models
+of his country sledges, one of which, a very creditable performance,
+is in the Museum in the College Library, and a rough rustic chair, now
+in the College garden, is of his manufacture. He was fond of drawing
+ships, and figures of the Seal, the Walrus, the Reindeer, the
+Esquimaux Dog, and other objects familiar to him in the Arctic
+regions.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg&nbsp;35]</a></span>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 424px;">
+<img src="images/walrus.png" width="424" height="431"
+alt="Walrus and Seal" title="WALRUS AND SEAL" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<br />
+
+<p>His sketches of animals and ships were very correct, and he used
+sometimes to draw them for the amusement of children.</p>
+
+<p>When on board the "Assistance," he made a good
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg&nbsp;36]</a></span>
+sketch of the coast line of the region which his tribe frequented,
+from Cape York to Smith's Sound.</p>
+
+<p>The use which he made of the needle must not be forgotten. For a year
+and a half, whilst at Canterbury, he went regularly for five hours a
+day to a tailor to learn the trade, and was found very handy with his
+needle. He proved to be of much use in the ordinary work of the trade.</p>
+
+<h4>Baptism of Kallihirua</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>We now come to an important event in the history of Kallihirua; his
+Baptism, which took place on Advent Sunday, Nov. 27th, 1853, in St.
+Martin's Church, near Canterbury. "The visitors present on the
+occasion," said an eye-witness<a name="FNanchor_6" id="FNanchor_6">
+</a><a href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>, "were, the Rev. John Philip Gell
+(late Warden of Christ's College, Tasmania), accompanied by Mrs. Gell,
+daughter of the late Sir John Franklin; Captain Erasmus Ommanney, R.N.
+(who brought Kallihirua to England), and Mrs. Ommanney, Captain
+Washington, R.N., of the Admiralty, and the Rev. W. T. Bullock. The
+Rev. T. B. Murray, Secretary of the Society for Promoting Christian
+Knowledge, who had been invited, was, in consequence of engagements in
+London, unfortunately unable to be present".</p>
+
+<p>[Transcriber's Note: there is a jump here in page numbers from 36 to 39]</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/church.png" width="500" height="350"
+alt="St. Martin's Church" title="ST MARTIN'S CHURCH" />
+</div>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_6">[Go to Illustrations]</a></span>
+<br />
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg&nbsp;39]</a></span>
+<p>"Towards three o'clock in the afternoon, small parties began to issue
+from the College gateway in the direction of St. Martin's,&mdash;that
+picturesque little church, looking from its calm hill-side over the
+broad Stour valley, and over the cathedral and the steeples of the
+town half emerging from the smoke. In the interior of this oldest of
+the English churches there is an ancient font, which stands upon the
+spot (if it be not the very font itself), where King Ethelbert, the
+firstfruits of the Anglo-Saxon race, was baptized more than twelve
+hundred and fifty years ago by Augustine.</p>
+
+<p>"In the enclosure round this font sat Kallihirua, and his 'chosen
+witnesses' Captain Ommanney, and the Subwarden, Mrs. Bailey, and Mrs.
+Gell. The remainder of the church was quite filled with an attentive
+and apparently deeply-interested congregation, many of them of the
+poorer class to whom Kalli is well known either by face (as indeed he
+could not well fail to be), or as the comrade of their children in the
+spelling-class at school.</p>
+
+<p>"After the Second Lesson, the Warden proceeded to the font, and the
+Baptismal Service
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg&nbsp;40]</a></span>
+commenced. Kallihirua, as an adult, made the responses for himself,
+and in a clear firm tone, which seemed to intimate that he had made
+his choice for once and for ever, that he had cast in his lot with us,
+and taken our people for his people, and our God for his God, and felt
+with an intelligent appreciation the privilege of that new brotherhood
+into which he was admitted.</p>
+
+<p>"May his admission within the pale of Christ's holy Church be, (as was
+the prayer of many, beyond the walls of St. Martin's, on that day,)
+both to himself and to many of his race, an event pregnant of eternal
+issues! 'May the fulness of God's blessing,' to use the words of one
+of our most valued friends, 'rest upon it, and make it the first
+streak of a clear and steady light, shining from St. Augustine's into
+the far North.' The Christian names added to his original Esquimaux
+name, were 'Erasmus,' after Captain Ommanney, and 'Augustine,' in
+remembrance of the College.</p>
+
+<p>"The service being concluded, an excellent sermon was preached by the
+Rev. J. P. Gell, on the text, Isaiah lxv. 1: 'I am sought of them that
+asked not for me; I am found of them that sought
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg&nbsp;41]</a></span>
+me not: I said, Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not
+called by my name.' Afterwards the same kind friend attended our
+Sunday evening meeting in the Warden's house, and gave us some
+interesting details of the missionary work (in which he had himself
+borne a part) in Van Diemen's Land. The drift of his remarks was to
+give encouragement to the principle of steady faithful persevering
+energy, undamped by early difficulties, and not impatient of the day
+of small things; and to show by convincing examples (especially that
+of Mr. Davis, a devoted missionary in that country) how such conduct
+is sure in the end to meet with a success of the soundest and most
+permanent kind, because founded on the spontaneous sympathy of the
+people, and on the blessings of the poor, 'not loud but deep.'</p>
+
+<p>"Kallihirua had received a very handsome present in the shape of a
+beautifully bound Bible and Prayer Book, as a baptismal gift from the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge."</p>
+
+<p>It may be interesting to add, that the water used in the baptism was
+from the river Jordan, and that it had been brought from thence by
+Captain Ommanney himself.</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg&nbsp;42]</a></span>
+<p>In the <i>Gospel Missionary</i> for February, 1854, was a pleasing
+description of the Baptism of Kallihirua: and this was the sound and
+practical conclusion:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Before we conclude, we may, perhaps, express the hope that our young
+friends will sometimes think kindly of their new Christian brother,
+<span class="smcap">Erasmus Augustine Kallihirua</span>, and that they will
+pray that God will bless him, and make him to advance more and more in
+the knowledge and the love of His dear Son <span class="smcap">Jesus Christ</span>. When they
+thus think of him who is now made their own brother by baptism, and is
+thus brought into the family of <span class="smcap">Christ's</span> people, let them learn to
+value the good things which <span class="smcap">God</span> has given <i>them</i> in such rich
+abundance. Let them be thankful that they were born in a Christian
+country, in which they have been taught from children to know the Holy
+Scriptures, which are able to make them wise unto salvation through
+faith which is in <span class="smcap">Christ Jesus</span>."</p>
+
+<h4>Stanzas by the Warden</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The following stanzas, written by the Warden on the occasion of the
+baptism, will be read with pleasure, especially by those who are aware
+how faithfully the amiable writer of them fulfilled his part
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg&nbsp;43]</a></span>
+in preparing Kallihirua, not only for the right performance of such
+duties as seemed to await him in life, but (what was far more
+important) for an early death.</p>
+
+
+<h4>THE BAPTISM OF KALLIHIRUA</h4>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">I will take you one of a city, and two of a family, and I will
+bring you to Zion</span>."&mdash;Jer. iii. 14.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">Far through the icy bounds</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Of Greenland's barren shore,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">At duty's call, on mercy sent,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">The brave are gone before.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">Beyond the haunts of men</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">They urge their tedious way,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">When lo! a wandering tribe appears</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">By yonder northern bay.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">But who so wild, so lost</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">In ignorance and sin!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">No God they know, no Saviour own,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Is there a soul to win?</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">Yes, in that heathen race</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">One heart at least is found</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">That yearns for better things, by grace</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">In unseen fetters bound.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">Warm is the Christian's heart,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Outstretch'd the Christian's hand,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">"Assistance" lends her friendly aid</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">To reach a Christian land.</span><br /></p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg&nbsp;44]</a></span>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">In this our calm retreat</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">He finds a peaceful home,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Is taught such learning as is meet,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">In store for years to come.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">He learns to know and love</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">His Saviour and his God,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">And now he is a brother dear,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">By faith in Jesu's blood.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">O gracious Spirit! hear</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Our prayer with one accord;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">And train this new-born Christian heart</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">In thy most holy Word.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">Have pity on his race!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And bring them still to see</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Their wretched state, and teach them all</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">The Father, Son, and Thee!</span><br /></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">To God the Father, Son,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And Spirit, glory be,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Who call'd, and saved, and sanctifies,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">The co-eternal Three!</span><br /></p>
+
+<p>Some of these verses were sung in the College Chapel on the evening of
+Advent Sunday, 1853.</p>
+
+<h4>Kalli at St. John's Newfoundland</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The time having now arrived at which, according to the opinion of the
+Bishop of Newfoundland, and the Warden of St. Augustine's, the
+qualifications
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg&nbsp;45]</a></span>
+of Kallihirua might be turned to some account, as an aid to
+missionaries in their efforts among the Esquimaux of Labrador, he left
+England, in the autumn of the year 1855, for further training at St.
+John's, Newfoundland. This step was taken at the expense of the
+Admiralty, who agreed to allow him &pound;25 a year for three years.</p>
+
+<p>The following notice of his character appeared in the 'Occasional
+Paper,' published in St. Augustine's College at the time of his
+removal to Newfoundland. At every step of his short but remarkable
+course, such willing testimony always awaited him.</p>
+
+<p>"Kallihirua, whose name is known as widely as that of his College, has
+arrived at another crisis in his eventful history. Having resided more
+than three years in College, he has been transferred to the
+experienced care of the Bishop of Newfoundland, with the view to his
+probable usefulness among the Esquimaux of Labrador. If integrity of
+moral principle, gentleness of spirit, docility of manners,
+willingness to be useful, and true Christian politeness, are essential
+requisites in a Missionary, then is Kallihirua certain to fill
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg&nbsp;46]</a></span>
+his place well, if only the right place is found for him."</p>
+
+<p>Kalli arrived in St John's, Newfoundland, on the 2nd October, 1855,
+and, on the following day, wrote a letter to Captain Ommanney, telling
+him that he had suffered on the voyage from the motion of the vessel,
+which had caused severe headaches. He added, "St John's puts me in
+mind of my own country. I have already found a great number of kind
+friends, and feel so happy."</p>
+
+<p>He was immediately admitted into the College of the Theological
+Institution for further training, and it was the Bishop's intention to
+have taken him in the summer of 1856 in the Church-ship to the coast
+of Labrador, with the view particularly of comparing his language with
+that of the Esquimaux on the American continent, who are included
+under the government, and consequently in the diocese, of
+Newfoundland.</p>
+
+<p>That he was not unfitted for this task, appears from a passage in the
+preface to the Greenland-Esquimaux Vocabulary. Captain Washington
+observes: "On comparing the Labrador with the Greenland dialect of the
+Esquimaux, it was found
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg&nbsp;47]</a></span>
+that nearly one-half the words given by Mr. Platon were similar to the
+former. On going over the vocabulary with Kallihirua, generally
+speaking he recognized the Greenland word. When he did not do so, the
+Labrador was mentioned, which, in most cases, he caught at directly.
+These words have been added. There would thus appear to be even a
+greater degree of similarity between the Labrador and Greenland
+dialects than might have been expected, and it is evident that the
+Greenland dialect, as Mr. Platon states, is spoken by all the
+Esquimaux to the head of Baffin's Bay."</p>
+
+<p>Kalli had some conversation with a Moravian Missionary from Labrador.
+The language was in most respects similar, though there was evidently
+a difficulty in understanding each other.</p>
+
+<h4>Death of Archdeacon Bridge</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>It may be mentioned, as a circumstance of melancholy interest, that,
+besides Kallihirua, the late Venerable T. F. H. Bridge, Archdeacon of
+Newfoundland, was to have accompanied and assisted the Bishop in this
+voyage, which it was proposed should have extended to the Moravian
+settlement. Moravian Missions have been established in Greenland for
+more than a century.
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg&nbsp;48]</a></span>
+But the expedition contemplated by the Bishop was more particularly
+designed to open Sandwich and Esquimaux Bays to the much-needed
+Missionary.</p>
+
+<p>These projects it was determined, in the good providence of God, were
+not to be realized. Archdeacon Bridge was prematurely carried off, in
+the midst of his zealous and successful labours, at the end of
+February, 1856. "He worked himself to death!" said the Bishop. "His
+death was felt in the colony as a public loss."</p>
+
+<h4>Intelligence from Newfoundland</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The author of this memoir had written to Kallihirua, whilst he was at
+St. Augustine's, and had received from him a letter shortly, and
+plainly expressed, which the Warden stated to have been composed and
+written by the youth himself, and which proved how anxious he was to
+do well that which was given him to do. The author afterwards often
+thought of the amiable Kalli, and was in hopes of soon hearing from
+him in his new abode in Newfoundland. But man proposeth, and God
+disposeth. A St. John's paper, <i>The Newfoundland Express</i>, taken up
+casually in July, 1856, conveyed the intelligence that Kallihirua had
+passed away from this busy anxious
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg&nbsp;49]</a></span>
+world to another, and, we humbly and reasonably hope, a better and
+happier.</p>
+
+<p>A melancholy interest generally attaches to the history of individuals
+dying in a foreign and strange land, far from friends and home. The
+separation from all they have known and loved is, in their case, so
+entire, the change of their circumstances, habits, and associations,
+so great, that such a dispensation specially appeals to the sympathy
+of all Christian hearts.</p>
+
+<h4>Allusion to Prince Le Boo</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>Feelings of this kind are excited by the narrative of the early death
+of Prince Le Boo, a youthful native of the Pelew Islands, who was
+brought over to this country in July, 1784, and who, in the
+spring-time of life, after little more than five months' stay in
+England, fell a victim, to the small pox. In the memoir of that young
+prince, who died at Rotherhithe, and was buried in the church-yard
+there, in December, 1784, there are some points of resemblance to the
+case under our notice. The natural and unforced politeness of the
+youth, his aptness at conforming, in all proper things, to the habits
+and customs of those to whose hospitality he was intrusted; his warm
+and single-hearted
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg&nbsp;50]</a></span>
+affection for such persons, in whatever station, as showed him kind
+offices, his desire for mental improvement; his resignation and
+submission in his last illness to the will of God, these are features
+which remind us of the subject of our present memoir. Many are the
+tears which have fallen over the story of the young and amiable Prince
+Le Boo.</p>
+
+<h4>Accounts from St. John's</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>But to resume the thread of the narrative respecting Kalli. During the
+winter of 1855 and 1856 he had suffered frequently from cough, and
+shown other signs of constitutional weakness. His cheerfulness,
+however, had seldom failed him; his readiness to please, and be
+pleased, to oblige, and be obliged, never. In letters which he sent to
+friends in England, he always spoke with gratitude of the kindness
+shown him, and of being very happy.</p>
+
+<h4>Letter from Kalli</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The following letter to Mr. Blunsom, who, as it will have been seen,
+had treated him with constant kindness, and done him much good
+service, will be read with interest.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;">"St John's College, Newfoundland,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">January 7, 1856.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p>"I received your kind letter by the December
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg&nbsp;51]</a></span>
+mail, and am very sorry to hear of your illness. The weather here is
+very cold, I feel it more than at Cape York. I have begun to skate,
+and find it a pleasant amusement. There is a lake a little distance
+from the College, called, 'Quidi Vidi,' on which we practise. The
+Bishop is very kind and good to me. College here is not so large and
+fine a place as St. Augustine's: nor are there so many students. I
+hope that all my kind friends at Canterbury are quite well. Please
+remember me kindly to Mr. and Mrs. Gipps, and all at St. Augustine's.
+With kind love to yourself,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">"I remain, yours affectionately,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 14em;" class="smcap">"Kalli</span>."<br />
+
+<h4>Kalli's Illness and Death</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>With respect to the fatal attack under which he soon sunk, it has to
+be mentioned, that he had gone out to bathe with one of his
+fellow-students at St. John's, on Saturday, the 7th June. From
+continuing too long in the water, which was very cold, he caught a
+chill, and showed many symptoms of inflammation for some days. On
+Wednesday, good medical assistance was called in, but his constitution
+had received too violent a shock. The Surgeon had fears from the first
+that his patient
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg&nbsp;52]</a></span>
+would not recover. It has been observed by medical men, that Esquimaux
+have but little stamina, and generally fail under the first attack of
+serious illness. Kalli was kindly watched and assisted by the Rev. J.
+G. Mountain, and Mrs. Mountain, and his fellow-students. He got
+rapidly worse. On the Thursday he seemed utterly powerless, and could
+not lift up his arms, nor put them out of his bed. He was very
+restless during the greater part of Friday night.</p>
+
+<p>"Soon after ten o'clock on Saturday morning, June 14th," said the
+Bishop of Newfoundland, "his gentle soul departed. I saw him
+frequently during his illness (three times the last day), and he
+always assented most readily, when I reminded him of God's gracious
+goodness in visiting him; and that it would be better for him to
+depart, and be with Christ. It was remarkable that his English was
+more clear and distinct in his illness than I had ever known it; and
+though he said but very little, he seemed to understand better than
+ever before. The last seizure was so sudden and violent, that he did
+not articulate at all. He expired, whilst I was commending his soul to
+his faithful Creator and most merciful Saviour."</p>
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg&nbsp;53]</a></span>
+<p>He is stated to have died of "melanosis of the lungs," a
+disease in which the whole substance of the lungs turns completely
+black. It is very slow in its first advances, but fearfully rapid in
+its latter stages. The Bishop had the chest examined after death, and
+sent a copy of the Surgeon's report to the Warden of St. Augustine's.</p>
+
+<p>In a full communication, made to the Warden, the Bishop said, "The
+almost suddenness of our good gentle Kalli's removal makes it
+difficult to realize the fact that 'he is gone.' I still look for his
+familiar strange face among the students, wondering at his unwonted
+absence. He seemed quite identified with our little company. We all
+miss him greatly, but he has now entered on that perfect rest which he
+seemed made for, and is delivered from a troublesome, naughty world
+for which he was certainly not made."</p>
+
+<p>The Bishop also spoke of Kalli's <i>submission to those set over him;
+his kindness to all around him, and his attention to all his religious
+duties</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Many young persons, born and bred in our own country, and brought up
+from the cradle in the very midst of Christian instruction, may glean
+a valuable lesson from the character of this lamented
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg&nbsp;54]</a></span>
+Esquimaux Christian. They may ask themselves, with some feeling of
+self-reproof, whether they should have merited such praise from one so
+revered, and so well qualified to judge. "Perhaps," added Bishop
+Feild, "I was a little proud at being able to exhibit a far-off
+Esquimaux brought near, and among my own scholars."</p>
+
+<p>During Kalli's last illness, which, though short, was not without
+considerable suffering, the same spirit of resignation and
+thankfulness, which he had always shown, was evinced. "Mr. D&mdash;&mdash; very
+kind," "K&mdash;&mdash; very kind," "Mrs.&mdash;&mdash; very kind," "Sorry to give so much
+trouble," were expressions continually on his lips, as he was visited
+and assisted by his fellow-students, and other friends in succession.
+His gentle spirit departed in the presence of the Rev. Thomas Wood,
+the Rev. Principal of the College, and all his fellow-students.</p>
+
+<p>The Rev. J. F. Phelps, Vice-Principal of St. John's College,
+Newfoundland, who had been a fellow-student of Kalli's, at St.
+Augustine's, wrote thus, June 25, 1856, respecting him.</p>
+
+<p>"I have every reason to believe and hope that he has been translated
+to a better state,
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg&nbsp;55]</a></span>
+and that he now rests in his Saviour: for though he had not much
+knowledge, yet few indeed act up to their knowledge so well and
+consistently as he did to his. It must be a comfort to you, Sir, to be
+assured that in his last moments he was cared for, and attended by all
+members of the College here, the students constantly being with him,
+as well as Mr. and Mrs. Mountain and myself. He showed himself very
+grateful for all that was being done for him, and expressed great
+sorrow at giving so much trouble. He always spoke of his friends in
+England with great affection, and was delighted whenever he received
+letters from them, which he was always eager to answer. Altogether,
+his was a very amiable character, and we all felt his loss very much."</p>
+
+<p>In another letter from Mr. Phelps is the following passage:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"During his last illness, in his conversation with me, it was evident
+that he quite understood the principle on which we Christians ought to
+bear our sufferings, patiently, and even thankfully, because of the
+still greater sufferings which we deserve, and which our Divine
+Saviour bore for us. I was, I confess, surprised at the readiness
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg&nbsp;56]</a></span>
+with which he realized the truth and the force of this reasoning."</p>
+
+<h4>Legacy to a Friend</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The author had often remarked the very grateful manner in which the
+youth acknowledged any kindness shown towards him. He spoke with the
+utmost affection of his dear friends, Captain Ommanney, Captain
+Austin, R.N., the Rev. the Warden of St. Augustine's College, and Mrs.
+Bailey. Mrs. Bailey, he said, taught him constantly his readings in
+the New Testament, heard him his hymns, and corrected his
+writing-exercises. The Rev. A. P. Moor, Sub-Warden of the College, was
+also very kind to him, and gained his regard.</p>
+
+<p>Of the moderate means placed at his disposal he was always properly
+careful, expending very little upon himself. He had a few pounds laid
+up in the Savings' Bank at Canterbury. This amount, together with his
+humble store of goods and chattels, consisting chiefly of the prints
+which had adorned his room, he left, by a kind of will, to his
+untiring and constant friend, Captain Ommanney, in token of gratitude
+and regard.</p>
+
+<h4>Kalli's Funeral</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The remains of Kallihirua were borne to the grave by his
+fellow-students, and followed by the Vice-Principal of the College,
+and by the Bishop
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg&nbsp;57]</a></span>
+of Newfoundland, as chief mourner. The Burial Service in the church
+(St. Thomas's) was conducted by the Rev. Mr. Wood, and in the cemetery
+by the Rev. Mr. Mountain, the Principal of the College. The quiet
+solemnity of the service was in keeping with the life and death of the
+gentle Kalli.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Mountain, of St. John's, Newfoundland, in whose house he lived,
+and who had kindly assisted in instructing him, wrote as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"It is in sincere sorrow and mourning that I write to inform you that
+we yesterday followed to the grave our poor Erasmus Kallihirua. He
+died after only a few days' illness, brought on by incautiously going
+out to bathe with one of our other students. On the following day,
+when he came to me to read, as usual, he complained of great pain in
+the chest and side, and so rapid was the inflammation, that the usual
+remedies were unavailing.</p>
+
+<p>"Poor fellow, he was as patient and gentle during his illness, as he
+always was when he was well and strong, and expressed perfect
+resignation to God's will, and much thankfulness to those who
+ministered to him. We all loved him for his unvarying kindness and
+gentleness, his submission to those set over him, and his willingness
+to serve<span class="left"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg&nbsp;58]</a></span>
+all. I miss him so very much, not only in his daily lessons, but in
+his constant knock at our door, to know whether I had any thing for
+him to do in the garden, or a message in the town when he was going
+out for a walk.</p>
+
+<p>"He looked very nice, lying in his silver-white coffin, covered with
+flowers, and a bunch of lilies and wild pear-blossoms on his bosom. We
+trust that he was one of the blessed meek who shall inherit the earth.
+We were all with him when he breathed his last, the Bishop, and the
+Principal of St. John's College, commending his soul to his faithful
+Creator."</p>
+
+<h4>Intended Memorial</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>It is proposed to inscribe a record of Kalli, and of other deceased
+students of St. Augustine's College, on a tablet in the crypt under
+the College Chapel. A memorial stone will be erected over Kalli's
+grave in St. John's, Newfoundland.</p>
+
+<p>With reference to the recent decease of some hopeful students of St.
+Augustine's, who, after giving promise of much usefulness in the cause
+of missions, had been removed from this earthly scene, Mr. Phelps
+observed in a letter lately printed at the St. Augustine's College
+Press:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"The whole College is again reminded, that 'all
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg&nbsp;59]</a></span>
+flesh is grass,' and that our life 'is even a vapour that appeareth
+for a little time, and then vanisheth away.' Poor Kalli is no longer
+with us. He has been made fit for the Master's use, and has been taken
+back by Him who lent him to us."</p>
+
+<h4>Practical Reflections</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>The writer in the "Newfoundland Express" made the following practical
+reflections on Kalli's early death, which suggest serious though
+cheering thoughts:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"It may seem to some persons but folly, and to others but mere
+boasting, to point to this young man, as any fruit of, or recompense
+for, the costly and calamitous Arctic expeditions. But others may not
+think it all in vain, if thereby one soul has been saved, and an
+example left to a few young men, of thankfulness and kindness to men,
+duty and devotion towards God. Such was Erasmus Augustine Kallihirua,
+once a poor benighted Esquimaux, but brought out of darkness into the
+marvellous light of the Gospel, to be a pattern to some, who, with
+much greater advantages, are far inferior in the best graces of the
+Christian."</p>
+
+<h4>Conclusion</h4>
+<span class="right"><a class="contents" href="#Page_5">[Go to Table of Contents]</a></span>
+<br /><p>All that has been written will tend to show that Kallihirua was held
+in much esteem and affection
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg&nbsp;60]</a></span>
+by those who knew him, and that some tribute, (such as even this
+little memoir,) is due to the memory of one who was well called
+"Erasmus," or "beloved."</p>
+
+<p>This, however, is not the chief end which the author had in view in
+presenting an account of Kalli's short career among his adopted
+countrymen. He would fain convey, amidst other wholesome lessons, that
+of the uncertainty of life, and the necessity of working while it is
+day. When we reflect on the departure of one, whose face and figure
+still dwell in the minds of many of us, it would be wise to remember,
+that we ourselves are making for the same point of our journey, the
+concluding scene of this short existence, the end of our probation.
+How trifling and insignificant do all other events appear, compared
+with the close of the race, and the arrival at the looked-for goal!
+May God grant us grace to act constantly on this conviction, as to all
+our plans and prospects!</p>
+
+<h5>THE END</h5>
+
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deut. x 18.</p></div><br />
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heb. xiii 2.</p></div><br />
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For Wolstenholme Sound and Cape York see the annexed map.</p></div><br />
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4" id="Footnote_4"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See <span class="smcap">Zoological Sketches</span>, <i>Common Seal</i>. Published by the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.</p></div><br />
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This was the case on Tuesday, Oct. 7, 1851. The total
+number of visitors on that day alone was 109,915.</p></div><br />
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6" id="Footnote_6"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;St. Augustine's Occasional Paper.</p></div><br />
+<br />
+
+<h6>GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON</h6>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<span class="left"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg&nbsp;61]</a></span>
+<h2>BOOKS</h2>
+<h4>PRINTED FOR THE</h4>
+<h3>Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge;</h3>
+
+<h4>SOLD AT THE DEPOSITORIES,</h4>
+
+<h5>77, GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS,<br />
+4, ROYAL EXCHANGE,<br />
+AND 16, HANOVER STREET, HANOVER SQUARE,<br />
+AND BY ALL BOOKSELLERS</h5>
+
+
+<h5>A Discount of 25 per cent to Members</h5>
+<table width="80%" border="0" summary="books for sale">
+<tr>
+<td width="80%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td width="10%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td width="5%"><i>s</i></td>
+<td width="5%"><i>d</i></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&AElig;ra of Mahomet</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Annals of the Colonial Church (Fredericton)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;(New Zealand)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;(Toronto)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;(Quebec)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Anson's (Lord) Voyage round the World, <i>with map</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Australia and its Gold Regions (A Visit to)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bede (The Venerable)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bingley's (Rev. W.) Celebrated Voyagers</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Celebrated Travellers</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Biographical Sketches, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bonnell, James, Esq. (Life of)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Burton's (Rev. Dr. E.) History of the Christian Church</td>
+<td><i>cloth</i></td>
+<td>5</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Channel Islands (Rambles among the), by a Naturalist</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">China, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Church History, Sketches of</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Conqueror (The) and his Sons</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Conquest of Peru, <i>with a map</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Conversations on the History of Russia Part I.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Part II.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Council of Constance (The)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Country round the Sea of Galilee</td>
+<td><i>per dozen</i></td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Davies of Devanden (Memoir of), <i>portrait</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Defoe on the Plague (Abridgment of), with Evelyn's</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Account of the Fire of London</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Donne (Dr. John), Life of, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Eldad the Pilgrim.  Part I.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Evenings at Wychwood Rectory</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Genoa, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gilpin's (Rev. W.) Life of Trueman and Atkins, <i>stitched</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gosse's History of the Jews, <i>School Edition</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Herbert (Rev. George), Life of, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">History of Greece, by the Rev. R. W. Browne</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>5</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Rome, <i>with map and cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>5</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Historical Accompaniment to the Holy Scriptures</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Hone's (Rev. R. B.) Lives of Eminent
+ Christians, <i>with portraits</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;Vol I.&mdash;Bishop Wilson,
+ Archbishop Usher, Dr. Henry Hammond, and John Evelyn</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;Vol II.&mdash;Bernard Gilpin,
+ Philip de Mornay, Bishop Bedell, and Dr Anthony Horneck</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;Vol III.&mdash;Bishop Ridley,
+ Bishop Hall, and Hon. Robert Boyle</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;Vol IV.&mdash;John Bradford,
+ Archbishop Grindal, and Sir Matthew Hale</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Holy Sites in the Land of Promise</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Jerusalem and the adjacent Country, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Journal of a Visit to Mount Aboo</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Journey through Palestine, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Keightley's Crusaders, <i>with views, &amp;c</i>.</td>
+<td><i>cloth</i></td>
+<td>7</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Life of Alfred the Great (Sketches of)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Henri Quatre</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Howard the Philanthropist</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Marlborough (Duke of), Life of the</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Maundrell's Journey to Aleppo</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Mexico, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Mountains (The) of Scripture</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Naimbanna (Memoir of)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Naples</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Narrative of a Journey through Part of New Zealand</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Two Voyages to Hudson's Bay</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Natives of Africa, <i>with maps</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Nelson (Lord), Life of</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">New Zealand, <i>with map and cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Norway, Sweden, and Lapland, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Old Arm Chair (The)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Palestine and Lebanon (Three Weeks in)</td>
+<td><i>cloth</i></td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;,<i>with a map and cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Peep at St. Petersburgh</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Constantinople</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Amsterdam</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Perseverance under Difficulties</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Persia, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pitcairn, the Island, the People,
+ and the Pastor, <i>fifth edition</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Readings in Biography </td>
+<td><i>cloth</i></td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Scenes beyond the Atlantic, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Scripture Manners and Customs, illustrated
+ by Extracts from Modern Travellers</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Scripture Topography (<i>Palestine</i>)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;(<i>Gentile World</i>)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sea of Galilee (The)</td>
+<td><i>per dozen</i></td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Seven Churches of Asia, <i>with map and cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Shipwrecks of the Lady Hobart Packet, Cabalva, Centaur,</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;and Lichfield (Narrative of the), <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Short Memoirs of Eminent Men, <i>with a plate</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spain, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Stevens (Wm., Esq.), Memoir of, by Hon. Mr. Justice Park</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Stories of the Norsemen</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Storm (The)</td>
+<td><i>per dozen</i></td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">St. Patrick</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Summer in the Antarctic Regions, <i>with a map and cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>3</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tayleur (Wreck of the)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Taylor's History of Mohammedanism and the Mohammedan</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sects, <i>with views, &amp;c</i>.</td>
+<td><i>cloth</i></td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tent (The), or, a Traveller's Recollections, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Thugs (The)</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Travels in Africa, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;North America, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;South America, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Northern Asia, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;South-Eastern Asia, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;South-Western Asia, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;European Russia, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Spain, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Sweden, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Switzerland, <i>with plates</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Travels (Arctic), or an Account of the Land Expedition</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;to the Continent of North America</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tribes of Israel (The)</td>
+<td><i>per dozen</i></td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tweed (Wreck of the), <i>sewed</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, <i>in cloth boards</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Venice, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Visit to Cairo</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Voyages in the Arctic Seas, in 1818, 1819, 1820</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, from 1821 to 1825</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Pacific Ocean</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;North Pacific Ocean</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>1</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Walton's (Isaac) Lives, <i>entire, with portraits</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>4</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Watering Places of England</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wellington (Military Life of), <i>new edition</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Willmott's (Rev. R. A.) Lives of Sacred Poets, 2 vols.</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>with portraits</i></td>
+<td><i>cloth</i></td>
+<td>9</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wilson and Hildesley (Bishops), Lives of, <i>stitched</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Winter in the Arctic Regions, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>2</td>
+<td>0</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wotton (Sir H.), Life of, <i>with cuts</i></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>0</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN***</p>
+<p>******* This file should be named 21819-h.txt or 21819-h.zip *******</p>
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian, by Thomas
+Boyles Murray
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian
+       A Memoir
+
+
+Author: Thomas Boyles Murray
+
+
+
+Release Date: June 12, 2007  [eBook #21819]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN***
+
+
+E-text prepared by a www.PGDP.net volunteer, David T. Jones, and the
+Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+(https://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Early
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+
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+
+
+
+KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN.
+
+by
+
+THE
+
+REV. T. B. MURRAY, M.A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Published Under the Direction of
+the Committee of General Literature and Education,
+Appointed by the Society for Promoting
+Christian Knowledge
+
+
+LONDON.
+
+Printed for the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,
+Sold at the Depositories,
+Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
+4, Royal Exchange, and 16, Hanover Street, Hanover Square,
+and by All Booksellers
+
+_Price Sixpence._
+
+[Illustration: Kallihirua, signature]
+
+
+KALLI, THE ESQUIMAUX CHRISTIAN.
+
+A Memoir
+
+by
+
+THE REV. T. B. MURRAY, M.A.
+
+Author of "Pitcairn, the Island, the People, and
+the Pastor"
+
+
+Published Under the Direction of
+the Committee of General Literature and Education,
+Appointed by the Society for Promoting
+Christian Knowledge
+
+London
+
+Printed for the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
+Sold at the Depositories
+Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
+4, Royal Exchange, and 16, Hanover Street, Hanover Square
+and by All Booksellers
+
+1856
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                PAGE
+Kallihirua the Esquimaux                           7
+Her Majesty's Ship "Assistance"                    8
+Cape York                                          9
+Kallihirua on board the "Assistance"              10
+The Esquimaux Graves                              11
+Kallihirua's Family                               12
+Lines on "Kallihirua in the Ship"                 13
+Description of the Esquimaux                      15
+Admiral Beechey's Account                         16
+The Seal                                          17
+The Narwhal                                       18
+Sir W. Edward Parry's Account                     19
+Need of Christian Instruction                     21
+Kallihirua's Tribe                                22
+Kallihirua in England                             ib.
+His fondness for Prints and Drawings              23
+Seal Hunter                                       24
+Sights in England                                 25
+Great Exhibition of 1851                          26
+St. Augustine's College                           27
+College Studies                                   28
+Reverence for Sacred Places                       29
+Illness from changes in the Weather               30
+Greenland-Esquimaux Vocabulary                    31
+Visit to Kalli at College                         32
+His Amusements and Occupations                    34
+Baptism of Kallihirua                             36
+Stanzas by the Warden                             43
+Kalli at St. John's, Newfoundland                 45
+Death of Archdeacon Bridge                        47
+Intelligence from Newfoundland                    48
+Allusion to Prince Le Boo                         49
+Accounts from St John's                           50
+Letter from Kalli                                 51
+Kalli's Illness and Death                         52
+Legacy to a Friend                                56
+Funeral                                           57
+Intended Memorial                                 58
+Practical Reflections                             59
+Conclusion                                        60
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+Portrait of Kallihirua           _To face Title Page_
+Map, including his Birthplace    _To face Page_   10
+Entrance to a Snow Hut           _Page_           15
+Esquimaux Striking a Narwhal                      18
+Seal Hunter                                       24
+Walrus and Seal                                   35
+St. Martin's Church, Canterbury  _To face page_   39
+
+
+
+
+KALLIHIRUA THE ESQUIMAUX.
+
+
+Kallihirua, notwithstanding the disadvantages of person (for he was
+plain, and short of stature, and _looked_ what he was,--an Esquimaux),
+excited a feeling of interest and regard in those who were acquainted
+with his history, and who knew his docile mind, and the sweetness of
+his disposition.
+
+Compliance with the precept in the Old Testament, "Love ye the
+stranger[1]," becomes a delight as well as a duty in such an instance
+as that about to be recorded, especially when we consider the
+affecting injunction conveyed in the Epistle to the Hebrews, "Be not
+forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have entertained
+angels unawares[2]."
+
+[Footnote 1: Deut. x 18.]
+
+[Footnote 2: Heb. xiii 2.]
+
+
+
+
+Her Majesty's Ship "Assistance"
+
+
+Erasmus Augustine York, whose native name was Kallihirua, was brought
+to England on board Her Majesty's ship "Assistance," Captain Erasmus
+Ommanney, in 1851. Captain Ommanney was second in command of the
+expedition under the orders of Captain Horatio Austin, C.B., which was
+dispatched in May, 1850, in search of the missing vessels of Sir John
+Franklin, the "Erebus" and "Terror". Franklin had quitted England on his
+perilous and fatal enterprise in May, 1845.
+
+Much interest was attached to the young Esquimaux, who was considered
+to be about sixteen years of age in August, 1850. He was one of a
+tribe inhabiting the country in the vicinity of Wolstenholme Sound, at
+the head of Baffin's Bay, in 76 deg. 3' north latitude, the nearest
+residents to the North Pole of any human beings known to exist on the
+globe. He was the only person ever brought to this country from so
+high a northern latitude. His tribe was met with by the late Sir John
+Ross, during his voyage in 1818, and was by him called the Arctic
+Highlanders.
+
+
+
+
+Cape York
+
+
+It appears that, when the expedition under Captain Austin's command
+was passing Cape York, in August, 1850, after its release from the ice
+in Melville Bay, natives were seen from the "Assistance".
+Captain Ommanney went with the "Intrepid" (one of the vessels
+comprising the expedition) to communicate with them, when it was
+ascertained that H.M.S., "North Star," had passed the winter in the
+neighbourhood. The fate of this vessel was then a matter of anxiety,
+as by her instructions she had been cautioned to avoid passing the
+winter in those regions. The tribe thus discovered consisted of only
+three families, residing in their summer huts at Cape York. As no
+steamer had ever before found its way to these seas, it was
+interesting to watch the impression upon the singular beings now
+visited, when they descended into the engine-room. The large furnaces
+and machinery astonished them. The latter, on being put in motion,
+made them take to their heels with fright, and they ran out of the
+engine-room on deck as fast as they could.
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua on board the "Assistance"
+
+
+It was after this first interview that the report was raised of the
+massacre of two ships' crews in 1846. Captain Ommanney, accompanied by
+Captain Penny, with his interpreter, immediately returned to Cape
+York, and had a long interview with the natives. They most
+emphatically denied the whole statement, adding, that no ship had
+ever been on their coasts except the "North Star," and passing
+whalers. Then it was, that Kallihirua consented to show Captain
+Ommanney where the "North Star" had wintered, and to join the ship,
+for the purpose of being useful as an interpreter, in the event of
+their meeting with any natives during the search for the missing
+expedition under Sir John Franklin. Parting (for awhile, as he
+supposed) with his immediate relatives, and with the only people whom
+he knew on earth, he threw himself into the hands of strangers in
+perfect confidence. Having arrived on board the "Assistance," he put
+off his rough native costume, submitted to the process of a good
+washing, and, being soon clad in ordinary European clothing, which was
+cheerfully contributed by the officers, the young Esquimaux with much
+intelligence performed the duty of pilot to the place where the "North
+Star" had wintered.
+
+
+
+
+The Esquimaux Graves
+
+
+On entering Wolstenholme Sound[3], Kallihirua, or, as he was
+familiarly called, KALLI, directed Captain Ommanney and the officers
+to the late winter-station of his tribe, the spot having been
+abandoned in consequence of some epidemic, probably influenza, which
+had carried off several persons. On entering the huts, a most
+distressing sight presented itself. A heap of dead bodies, about
+seven, in a state of decomposition, lay, one over the other, clad in
+their skin-clothing, as if suddenly cut off by the hand of death. The
+survivors, from fear of infection, had left the remains of their
+relatives unburied. It was an affecting scene in such a remote and
+desolate region, separated from all communication with the human race.
+Near the huts was the burial-ground, with several well-formed graves
+of heaps of stones. On one lay a spear, which one of the officers of
+the "Assistance" took up, to bring away. Some of the crew were
+examining the graves to see whether they contained any of our missing
+countrymen. Seeing this, Kalli ran up to the officer, and, with tears
+and entreaties, as well as he could make himself understood, begged
+him and the men to desist from the work of desecration.
+
+[Footnote 3: For Wolstenholme Sound and Cape York see the annexed map.]
+
+[Illustration: Map of Western Arctic]
+
+[Illustration: THE ARCTIC REGIONS OF AMERICA
+_London. Published by the Society for protecting Christian Knowledge._]
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua's Family
+
+
+Poor Kalli's lamentations were quite heartrending. His feelings were,
+of course, respected, the graves were at once built up again, and the
+spear replaced. Captain Ommanney learnt afterwards from Kalli, that
+it was his father's grave, over which the spear had been placed by
+friends of the deceased. They have a tradition that in a future state
+the means of hunting are still required, and, because in this world
+the search of food is the chief object of life, the hunting-lance is
+deposited on the grave.
+
+The young stranger subsequently lived on board the "Assistance". He
+was placed under the care of the serjeant of Marines, who instructed
+Kalli in the rudiments of reading and writing, and to whom he became
+much attached. By his amiable disposition he made himself welcome and
+agreeable to all the expedition, and, as, in consequence of the state
+of the ice, no opportunity was offered of landing him on his native
+shores, on the return of the vessel past York Inlet, he was brought to
+England. The leaders of the expedition conferred the surname of York
+upon him, from the locality in which he was found. To this the name of
+Erasmus was prefixed, after that of the gallant Captain Ommanney.
+
+
+
+
+Lines on "Kallihirua in the Ship"
+
+
+Kalli was a twin. His father, whose grave has been mentioned, had been
+dead for some years, but he had a mother living, of whom he often
+spoke with duty and affection. His father's name was Kirshung-oak. His
+mother's Sa-toor-ney. He had two sisters living with their mother. A
+touching circumstance, connected with his first introduction to our
+countrymen, has been adverted to, which gave rise to the following
+lines by the writer of this memoir. They were published in the "Gospel
+Missionary," in the year of the arrival of Kallihirua, and are
+supposed to be spoken by a British sailor on board the "Assistance"--
+
+
+KALLI IN THE SHIP
+
+A frost, like iron, held the air,
+  A calm was on the sea,
+But fields of ice were spreading there,
+  And closing on our lee.
+
+Our ship half bound, as if aground,
+  Was scarcely seen to go.
+All hands on deck were gather'd round
+  The little ESKIMAUX.
+
+For he had come amongst our crew,
+  A week or so before,
+And now we knew not what to do
+  To put him safe ashore.
+
+Poor lad, he strain'd his eyes in vain,
+  Till tears began to come,
+And tried if he could see again
+  His mother and his home.
+
+The Captain then saw through his glass
+  The Inlet, and the Bay,
+But floes of ice, as green as grass,
+  And icebergs block'd the way.
+
+"Up with the sail!--the wind's awake!"
+  Hark to the Captain's call,
+"I see, my boys, we shall not make
+  York Inlet, after all."
+
+We look'd upon the swarthy lad,
+  Then look'd upon each other,
+And all were sure that he was sad
+  With thinking of his mother.
+
+We cheer'd him up, and soon he grew
+  So useful and so kind,
+The crew were glad, and Kalli too,
+  He was not left behind.
+
+He learn'd to make the best of it,
+  And now, by time and care,
+They tell us he can read a bit,
+  And say an easy prayer.
+
+O Kalli, fail not, day by day,
+  To kneel to God above;
+Then He will hear you when you pray,
+  And guard you with his love.
+
+Go on, my friend, in years and grace,
+  Your precious time employ,
+And you will pass, in wisdom's race,
+  The idle English boy.
+
+Nay, if you learn and practise too
+  The lessons of your youth,
+Some heathen tribes may gain from you
+  The light of Gospel truth.
+
+
+
+
+Description of the Esquimaux
+
+
+It may here be interesting to say a few words respecting the people
+who inhabit the gloomy abodes whence Kallihirua came, and where he had
+passed the greater part of his life.
+
+[Illustration: ENTRANCE TO A SNOW-HUT]
+
+
+
+
+Admiral Beechey's Account
+
+
+"The characteristic features of the Esquimaux," says Admiral Beechey,
+"are large fat round faces, high cheek-bones, small hazel eyes,
+eyebrows slanting like the Chinese, and wide mouths." They are
+generally under five feet high, and have brown complexions. Beechey,
+in his Narrative of a Voyage to Behring's Strait, &c., in H.M.S.
+"Blossom," gave a curious and particular description of the habits and
+customs of the Esquimaux, their wretched hovels, or "yourts,"
+snow-dwellings, and underground huts, and the general want of
+cleanliness in their persons and dwellings.
+
+Speaking of a tribe which he visited, he says, "We found them very
+honest, extremely good-natured and friendly. Their tents were
+constructed of skins, loosely stretched over a few spars of
+drift-wood, and were neither wind nor water tight. The tents were, as
+usual, filthy, but suitable to the taste of their inhabitants, who no
+doubt saw nothing in them that was revolting. The natives testified
+much pleasure at our visit, and placed before us several dishes,
+amongst which were two of their choicest,--the entrails of a fine
+seal, and a bowl of coagulated blood. But desirous as we were to
+oblige them, there was not one of our party that could be induced to
+partake of their hospitality. Seeing our reluctance, they tried us
+with another dish, consisting of the raw flesh of the narwhal, nicely
+cut into lumps, with an equal distribution of black and white fat, but
+they were not more successful here than at first."
+
+
+
+
+The Seal
+
+
+The seal's flesh supplies the natives with their most palatable and
+substantial food, which however has a fishy flavour, as the creatures
+feed chiefly on fish. Seals are sometimes taken on land, when
+surprised basking in the sun, with their young. As soon as they are
+alarmed by the sight of their enemies, they scuttle away, and make for
+the sea[4]. It is on the great deep that the Esquimaux, driven by
+hunger, chiefly seeks his precarious food. In his light canoe, which
+is made of seal-skins stretched over a slight framework of wood, he
+hunts, in all weathers, for his prey, especially for the much-prized
+Narwhal.
+
+There, tumbling in their seal-skin boat,
+Fearless, the hungry fishers float,
+And from the teeming seas supply
+The food their niggard plains deny.
+
+[Footnote 4: See ZOOLOGICAL SKETCHES, _Common Seal_. Published by the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.]
+
+
+
+
+The Narwhal
+
+
+[Illustration: ESQUIMAUX STRIKING A NARWHAL]
+
+The same intrepid boldness is shown in their chase of the reindeer,
+the bear, and the fox. Over the boundless deserts of snow they are
+borne rapidly along by their faithful dogs, which are harnessed to a
+sledge, six or seven to the team, and which scamper away, often in
+seeming confusion, but with a precision of aim and object which is
+perfectly surprising. No country presents a finer specimen of that
+honest, affectionate, much-enduring creature, the dog. Kindness to
+animals is always praiseworthy, and to the honour of the Esquimaux
+women it must be said, that they are remarked for their humane
+treatment of these dogs. They take care of them when they are ill, and
+use them better than the men do. Still under blows and hard usage the
+dogs are faithful, and willing to labour.
+
+
+
+
+Sir W. Edward Parry's Account
+
+
+The Esquimaux sometimes use slabs of ice for the walls of their huts,
+cementing them together with snow and water. Kennels for their dogs
+are also made of the same material. The late Admiral Sir W. Edward
+Parry, in the course of a voyage commenced in May, 1821, the chief
+object of which was the discovery of the North-West passage, availed
+himself of a winter's imprisonment in the ice, to observe and record
+the ways and manners of the Esquimaux, whose guest he was. His account
+is on the whole satisfactory. "I can safely affirm," said he, "that,
+whilst thus lodged beneath their roof, I know no people whom I would
+more confidently trust, as respects either my person or my property,
+than the Esquimaux."
+
+He also described their domestic character. The affection of the
+parents towards their children showed itself in a thousand ways, and
+the children on their part have so much gentleness and docility as to
+render any kind of chastisement unnecessary. Even from their earliest
+infancy, they are said to possess that quietness of disposition,
+gentleness of demeanour, and uncommon evenness of temper, for which in
+more mature age they are for the most part distinguished. Disobedience
+is scarcely ever known; a word or even a look from a parent is enough.
+
+These traits, added to industry and endurance of various kinds of
+difficulty, form the fair side of the picture, such as that amiable
+and distinguished officer was fond of presenting. The exhibition of
+these features of character was probably called forth, in a great
+degree, by his own kindness and good management, whilst living among
+them.
+
+
+
+
+Need of Christian Instruction
+
+
+But doubtless there are other and less favourable points of view in
+which these people must be sometimes considered. At all events, it is
+sad to learn, from the silence of some travellers, and the actual
+statements of others, that the Esquimaux do not appear to have any
+idea of the existence of a Supreme Being, or to hold any notion of
+religion. Separated from the whole civilized world, and frequently
+finding it a struggle to live, even with the help of their faithful
+dogs, they are objects of pity and concern, rather than of sanguine
+hope and expectation to the Christian mind. But were an opportunity to
+occur of carrying the Gospel to their snow-clad land, there is little
+doubt that the remark of Parry, applied to an individual of one of
+their tribes, might be used of all: "On dispositions thus naturally
+charitable, what might not Christian education, and Christian
+principles effect?"
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua's Tribe
+
+
+Certainly, the instance now before the reader affords a good
+illustration of this view of the Esquimaux character. It is Captain
+Ommanney's opinion that Kallihirua's tribe may be regarded as a
+remnant of the pure race which, no doubt, in ages past migrated from
+Asia along the coasts of the Parry Group of Islands and Barrow's
+Straits. The features, and formation of skull, bespeak Tartar
+extraction. "Their isolated position," he adds, "being far north of
+the Danish settlements in Greenland, and far removed from the American
+continent, has kept them uncontaminated with any of the various mixed
+breeds of which the Esquimaux in those regions must be composed."
+
+
+
+
+Kallihirua in England
+
+
+Captain Ommanney, soon after his arrival in England, brought young
+Kallihirua to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. At that
+time he could only speak a few words, such as "Ship," "Sea," "Very
+sick;" "England, things very nice," "Captain very good". From his
+language and gesture it was gathered, that he had suffered much from
+sea-sickness on the voyage; that he had been treated with the utmost
+care and kindness on board, and that he was highly pleased with
+English fare, and with the reception which he had met with in this
+country.
+
+His manners were so gentle, and even polite, without any seeming
+effort, as to excite astonishment in those who knew how short a time
+he had enjoyed the advantages of education. It was clear that great
+pains had been taken with him on board the "Assistance," where his
+great study had been to adapt himself to the habits and manners of
+those among whom his lot was so singularly cast. "In this," says
+Captain Ommanney, "he succeeded; for people were surprised at his good
+address, when he reached England."
+
+
+
+
+His Fondness for Prints and Drawings
+
+
+He was always much pleased with the company of young people, and
+appeared quite at home with them. Some books and prints were placed in
+the hands of the youth, and he expressed the greatest delight in
+seeing views of ships in the ice, and the figure of an Esquimaux
+watching for a seal. After gazing for a few moments at the latter, he
+uttered a cry of pleasure, and said, "This one of my people!" It
+seemed as if, for the time, he had been carried back to his own land,
+which, however homely, was once his home. Had any proof been wanting
+of the faithfulness of the representation, his hearty and joyous
+approval of it would have afforded sufficient evidence of its
+accuracy.
+
+The reader shall see the engraving of the lonely seal-hunter which so
+much pleased poor Kalli.
+
+
+
+
+Seal Hunter
+
+[Illustration: Seal Hunter]
+
+
+In this situation, we are told, a man will sit quietly for ten or
+twelve hours together, at a temperature of thirty or forty degrees
+below zero, watching for the opportunity of killing and taking the
+seal, which is supposed to be at work making its hole beneath in the
+ice. The Esquimaux, partly sheltered from the "winter's wind," and
+fast-falling snow, by a snow-wall, has got his spear and lines ready,
+and he has tied his knees together, to prevent his disturbing the seal
+by making the slightest noise.
+
+
+
+
+Sights in England
+
+
+Kalli, whilst in London, on a visit to the author, was taken to the
+British Museum. With some of the objects there he was much gratified.
+The antiquities, sculpture, and specimens of art and science, had not
+such charms in his sight as had the life-like forms of stuffed animals
+in that great national collection. With the seals, reindeer, and a
+gigantic walrus, with bright glass eyes, he was especially struck and
+amused, lingering for some time in the attractive apartment which
+contained them.
+
+He had now and then much to bear from rudeness and incivility on the
+part of some thoughtless persons, who derided his personal appearance,
+though they were not successful in putting him out of temper. The
+author recollects an instance of this in a street in London. He was
+walking with Kalli, when two young men, who ought to have known
+better, stared at the youth in passing, and laughed in his face: then
+presently turning round, they said, as they pointed at him, "There
+goes a Chinese!" He merely looked up, smiling, as if at their
+ignorance, and want of proper feeling.
+
+It has been observed of the people of his nation, that they evince
+little or no surprise or excitement at such things as occasion
+admiration in others. When Kalli first came up the river Thames with
+Captain Ommanney, and travelled from Woolwich by the railway, thence
+proceeding through the wonderful thoroughfare from London Bridge to
+the West End of the town, passing St. Paul's Cathedral, and Charing
+Cross, he merely said, _It was all very good_.
+
+"I took him with me," said the Captain, "to the Great Exhibition, the
+Crystal Palace, in Hyde Park. He beheld all the treasures around him
+with great coolness, and only expressed his wonder at the vast
+multitude of people."
+
+
+
+
+Great Exhibition of 1851
+
+
+This is natural enough. Many of our readers may recall the feelings of
+astonishment with which they viewed that large assemblage. On one of
+the shilling days, in October, 1851, ninety-two thousand human beings
+were collected together in the Crystal Palace at one time[5]. The
+force of contrast could perhaps go no further than in this instance.
+A young stranger who, in his own country, in a space of hundreds of
+miles around him, had only three families (probably twelve persons) to
+count, makes one of a multitude of more than ninety thousand of his
+fellow-creatures, in a building of glass, covering only eighteen acres
+of ground!
+
+[Footnote 5: This was the case on Tuesday, Oct. 7, 1851. The total
+number of visitors on that day alone was 109,915.]
+
+He was taken to see the Horse Guards' Stables. On seeing a trooper
+mount his charger, (both being fully accoutred,) Kalli was puzzled. He
+could not account for the perfect order and discipline of the animal,
+and the mutual fitness of the man and his horse, the one for the
+other.
+
+
+
+
+St. Augustine's College
+
+
+In November, 1851, Kallihirua was placed, by direction of the Lords of
+the Admiralty, at the suggestion of the Society for the Propagation of
+the Gospel, in the Missionary College of St. Augustine's, at
+Canterbury. This college, built on the site of the ancient monastery
+of St. Augustine, was established in 1848, for the reception of
+students intended for the work of the sacred Ministry in the colonies
+and dependencies of the British Empire, as well as among the heathen.
+The College, to which the Queen gave a charter of incorporation, owes
+its origin chiefly to the munificence of A. J. B. Beresford Hope,
+Esq., who purchased the ground, and gave the site. The College Chapel
+was consecrated on the morning of St. Peter's Day, June 29th, 1848,
+when seven prelates, with the Archbishop of Canterbury at their head,
+were present.
+
+
+
+
+College Studies
+
+
+Kallihirua remained a student of the College, attending to the
+instruction given him, and conducting himself well and properly in all
+respects. Under the kind auspices of the Rev. H. Bailey, the learned
+and judicious Warden of the College, who took the greatest interest in
+him, he availed himself, as far as his powers admitted, of the
+advantages of the institution. He appeared rightly to understand and
+value the blessings of education in a civilized community, and
+received with reverence the simple and saving truths of the Gospel. It
+was hoped, that, should he willingly and intelligently embrace the
+Christian faith, he might at no distant period convey the "glad
+tidings of good things" as a missionary or catechist to his own
+benighted friends and countrymen.
+
+In September, 1852, the Warden, in a letter, informed the author, that
+Kallihirua had been in good health all the summer. "We consider him,"
+said he, "a youth of intelligence, and quick observation. His progress
+in reading is necessarily slow, though he can manage words of four or
+five letters, he is fond of writing, and succeeds very well. He is
+very devout at prayers, and attentive to the religious instruction
+given him. I think he will one day be of essential use to a missionary
+in some northern region. He is grateful to you for your kind offer of
+books, and will write a letter of acknowledgment."
+
+
+
+
+His Reverence for Sacred Places
+
+
+It was but a short time after his settling at St. Augustine's College,
+that one of the students took him to see Canterbury Cathedral. The
+reverent regard with which he had been taught to look upon a church,
+as a place where prayer was made to God, manifested itself in his
+inquiry, when entering the nave, "Whether he might cough there?" This
+tendency to cough, arising from an ailment, the seeds of which had
+probably been sown long before, was often observable; and he was very
+susceptible of cold.
+
+
+
+
+Illness from Changes in the Weather
+
+
+In the spring of 1853 he suffered much from the variableness of the
+season. The mode in which he described his state to a friend is very
+simple and affecting. The original letter, which was entirely his own,
+both in composition and handwriting, is here copied verbatim. It
+commences with his signature:--
+
+"E. YORK, St. Augustine's College. April, 1853.
+
+"My dear Sir,
+
+         "I am very glad to tell, How do you do, Sir? I been
+         England, long time none very well. Long time none
+         very well. Very bad weather. I know very well, very
+         bad cough. I very sorry, very bad weather,
+         dreadful. Country very difference. Another day
+         cold. Another day wet, I miserable.
+
+         "Another summer come. Very glad. Great many trees.
+         Many wood. Summer beautiful, country Canterbury."
+
+Should any reader be disposed to look with the smile of a critic on
+this humble but genuine effort, let him bear in mind the difficulties
+which poor _English_ adults have to encounter in learning to read and
+write; and then let him judge of the obstacles in the way of one whose
+existence had been spent with his native tribe, on fields of ice, and
+in dark snow-huts.
+
+In all attacks of illness he was attended with assiduous kindness by
+Mr. Hallowes, of Canterbury, the skilful surgeon employed by the
+College, who showed much hospitality to Kalli. One of Mr. Hallowes'
+family circle on Christmas-day was always the good-humoured
+broad-faced Esquimaux. At their juvenile parties, the youth joined
+cheerfully in the sports of the children, and he sometimes sung them
+some of the wild and plaintive airs peculiar to his tribe.
+
+It is believed that Kalli never omitted his morning and evening
+prayers by his bed-side, and his utterance was full of devout
+earnestness. Mr. Bailey remembers once travelling with him to Deal,
+and while in the railway carriage, the youth quietly took out of his
+pocket a little book, which was afterwards found to be a collection of
+texts for each day in the year. For some time he was reading
+thoughtfully the text for the day. No notice was taken of this to him;
+and as for himself, never perhaps was any one more free from the least
+approach to ostentation.
+
+
+
+
+Greenland Esquimaux Vocabulary
+
+
+In the year 1853, Kalli rendered essential Service in the preparation
+of a Greenland Esquimaux Vocabulary, for the use of the Arctic
+Expedition of that year. The work was printed by direction of the
+Lords of the Admiralty, with a short Preface acknowledging the
+advantage of his assistance. Captain Washington, R.N., Hydrographer of
+the Admiralty, says in the Preface, "Every word has now been revised
+from the lips of a native. In the Midsummer vacation in 1852
+Kallihirua passed some days with me, and we went partly over the
+Vocabulary. I found him intelligent, speaking English very fairly,
+docile and imitative, his great pleasure appearing to be a pencil and
+paper, with which he drew animals and ships. At the Christmas
+holidays, we revised more of the Vocabulary, &c."
+
+A member of the Expedition afterwards visited St. Augustine's College
+and stated that the Vocabulary had been found to be of much service.
+
+
+
+
+Visit to Kalli at College
+
+
+The writer of this Memoir well recollects the circumstances of a visit
+which he paid with his family to St. Augustine's College, Canterbury,
+on a bright day, in August, 1853, when (it being the vacation) only
+three students remained in residence. These were 1. Kallihirua, 2. a
+young Hindoo by name Mark Pitamber Paul, and 3. Lambert McKenzie, a
+youth of colour, a native of Africa, sent to the College by the Bishop
+of Guiana. Kalli, who was the only one of these personally known to
+the author, did not at first appear. He had strolled out to witness a
+cricket-match in a field near Canterbury, but Blunsom, the College
+porter, said that he had promised to return by two o'clock, and that
+he was very punctual.
+
+It is here due both to Blunsom and his wife, to say that they were
+most kind friends to Kalli, watching over him with the most thoughtful
+attention, and the tenderest care throughout.
+
+As the Cathedral clock struck two, Kalli entered the College-gates.
+With hair black as the raven's wing, and eyes sparkling with
+good-humour, he made his appearance; and soon showed a desire to do
+the honours of the College. His dress was neat, like that of a young
+English gentleman, and he had a gaiety of look and manner, but far
+removed from foppery of apparel or demeanour. With true
+politeness--that of the heart--he accompanied the visitors over the
+Library, the Chapel, the Common Hall and the Dormitories of the
+College; each student having a small bed-room and study to himself.
+
+
+
+
+His Amusements and Occupations
+
+
+Kalli took great pleasure in exhibiting the carpenter's shop, a
+spacious crypt below the Library. Attention was there called to the
+wooden frame of a small house, in the construction of which, it
+appeared, he had borne a part. He said, when asked, that he should
+most probably find the knowledge of carpentering valuable some day,
+and that he should like to teach his countrymen the many good and
+useful things which he had learned in his College. He spoke little,
+and was evidently conscious of his imperfect pronunciation, but in
+answer to a question on the subject, he said he hoped to tell his
+people about religion, and the truths of the Gospel which he had been
+taught in England.
+
+His amusements were of a quiet and innocent kind. He made small models
+of his country sledges, one of which, a very creditable performance,
+is in the Museum in the College Library, and a rough rustic chair, now
+in the College garden, is of his manufacture. He was fond of drawing
+ships, and figures of the Seal, the Walrus, the Reindeer, the
+Esquimaux Dog, and other objects familiar to him in the Arctic
+regions.
+
+[Illustration: WALRUS AND SEAL.]
+
+His sketches of animals and ships were very correct, and he used
+sometimes to draw them for the amusement of children.
+
+When on board the "Assistance," he made a good sketch of the coast
+line of the region which his tribe frequented, from Cape York to
+Smith's Sound.
+
+The use which he made of the needle must not be forgotten. For a year
+and a half, whilst at Canterbury, he went regularly for five hours a
+day to a tailor to learn the trade, and was found very handy with his
+needle. He proved to be of much use in the ordinary work of the trade.
+
+
+
+
+Baptism of Kallihirua
+
+
+We now come to an important event in the history of Kallihirua; his
+Baptism, which took place on Advent Sunday, Nov. 27th, 1853, in St.
+Martin's Church, near Canterbury. "The visitors present on the
+occasion," said an eye-witness[6], "were, the Rev. John Philip Gell
+(late Warden of Christ's College, Tasmania), accompanied by Mrs. Gell,
+daughter of the late Sir John Franklin; Captain Erasmus Ommanney, R.N.
+(who brought Kallihirua to England), and Mrs. Ommanney, Captain
+Washington, R.N., of the Admiralty, and the Rev. W. T. Bullock. The
+Rev. T. B. Murray, Secretary of the Society for Promoting Christian
+Knowledge, who had been invited, was, in consequence of engagements in
+London, unfortunately unable to be present".
+
+[Footnote 6: St. Augustine's Occasional Paper.]
+
+[Illustration: St. Martin's Church]
+
+"Towards three o'clock in the afternoon, small parties began to issue
+from the College gateway in the direction of St. Martin's,--that
+picturesque little church, looking from its calm hill-side over the
+broad Stour valley, and over the cathedral and the steeples of the
+town half emerging from the smoke. In the interior of this oldest of
+the English churches there is an ancient font, which stands upon the
+spot (if it be not the very font itself), where King Ethelbert, the
+firstfruits of the Anglo-Saxon race, was baptized more than twelve
+hundred and fifty years ago by Augustine.
+
+"In the enclosure round this font sat Kallihirua, and his 'chosen
+witnesses' Captain Ommanney, and the Subwarden, Mrs. Bailey, and Mrs.
+Gell. The remainder of the church was quite filled with an attentive
+and apparently deeply-interested congregation, many of them of the
+poorer class to whom Kalli is well known either by face (as indeed he
+could not well fail to be), or as the comrade of their children in the
+spelling-class at school.
+
+"After the Second Lesson, the Warden proceeded to the font, and the
+Baptismal Service commenced. Kallihirua, as an adult, made the
+responses for himself, and in a clear firm tone, which seemed to
+intimate that he had made his choice for once and for ever, that he
+had cast in his lot with us, and taken our people for his people, and
+our God for his God, and felt with an intelligent appreciation the
+privilege of that new brotherhood into which he was admitted.
+
+"May his admission within the pale of Christ's holy Church be, (as was
+the prayer of many, beyond the walls of St. Martin's, on that day,)
+both to himself and to many of his race, an event pregnant of eternal
+issues! 'May the fulness of God's blessing,' to use the words of one
+of our most valued friends, 'rest upon it, and make it the first
+streak of a clear and steady light, shining from St. Augustine's into
+the far North.' The Christian names added to his original Esquimaux
+name, were 'Erasmus,' after Captain Ommanney, and 'Augustine,' in
+remembrance of the College.
+
+"The service being concluded, an excellent sermon was preached by the
+Rev. J. P. Gell, on the text, Isaiah lxv. 1: 'I am sought of them that
+asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said,
+Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name.'
+Afterwards the same kind friend attended our Sunday evening meeting in
+the Warden's house, and gave us some interesting details of the
+missionary work (in which he had himself borne a part) in Van Diemen's
+Land. The drift of his remarks was to give encouragement to the
+principle of steady faithful persevering energy, undamped by early
+difficulties, and not impatient of the day of small things; and to
+show by convincing examples (especially that of Mr. Davis, a devoted
+missionary in that country) how such conduct is sure in the end to
+meet with a success of the soundest and most permanent kind, because
+founded on the spontaneous sympathy of the people, and on the
+blessings of the poor, 'not loud but deep.'
+
+"Kallihirua had received a very handsome present in the shape of a
+beautifully bound Bible and Prayer Book, as a baptismal gift from the
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge."
+
+It may be interesting to add, that the water used in the baptism was
+from the river Jordan, and that it had been brought from thence by
+Captain Ommanney himself.
+
+In the _Gospel Missionary_ for February, 1854, was a pleasing
+description of the Baptism of Kallihirua: and this was the sound and
+practical conclusion:--
+
+    "Before we conclude, we may, perhaps, express the hope that
+    our young friends will sometimes think kindly of their new
+    Christian brother, ERASMUS AUGUSTINE KALLIHIRUA, and that
+    they will pray that God will bless him, and make him to
+    advance more and more in the knowledge and the love of His
+    dear Son JESUS CHRIST. When they thus think of him who is now
+    made their own brother by baptism, and is thus brought into
+    the family of CHRIST'S people, let them learn to value the
+    good things which GOD has given _them_ in such rich
+    abundance. Let them be thankful that they were born in a
+    Christian country, in which they have been taught from
+    children to know the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make
+    them wise unto salvation through faith which is in CHRIST
+    JESUS."
+
+
+
+
+Stanzas by the Warden
+
+
+The following stanzas, written by the Warden on the occasion of the
+baptism, will be read with pleasure, especially by those who are aware
+how faithfully the amiable writer of them fulfilled his part in
+preparing Kallihirua, not only for the right performance of such
+duties as seemed to await him in life, but (what was far more
+important) for an early death.
+
+
+THE BAPTISM OF KALLIHIRUA
+
+"I WILL TAKE YOU ONE OF A CITY, AND TWO OF A FAMILY, AND I WILL BRING
+YOU TO ZION."--Jer. iii. 14.
+
+            Far through the icy bounds
+            Of Greenland's barren shore,
+          At duty's call, on mercy sent,
+            The brave are gone before.
+
+            Beyond the haunts of men
+            They urge their tedious way,
+          When lo! a wandering tribe appears
+            By yonder northern bay.
+
+            But who so wild, so lost
+            In ignorance and sin!
+          No God they know, no Saviour own,
+            Is there a soul to win?
+
+            Yes, in that heathen race
+            One heart at least is found
+          That yearns for better things, by grace
+            In unseen fetters bound.
+
+            Warm is the Christian's heart,
+            Outstretch'd the Christian's hand,
+          "Assistance" lends her friendly aid
+            To reach a Christian land.
+
+            In this our calm retreat
+            He finds a peaceful home,
+          Is taught such learning as is meet,
+            In store for years to come.
+
+            He learns to know and love
+            His Saviour and his God,
+          And now he is a brother dear,
+            By faith in Jesu's blood.
+
+            O gracious Spirit! hear
+            Our prayer with one accord;
+          And train this new-born Christian heart
+            In thy most holy Word.
+
+            Have pity on his race!
+            And bring them still to see
+          Their wretched state, and teach them all
+            The Father, Son, and Thee!
+
+            To God the Father, Son,
+            And Spirit, glory be,
+          Who call'd, and saved, and sanctifies,
+            The co-eternal Three!
+
+Some of these verses were sung in the College Chapel on the evening of
+Advent Sunday, 1853.
+
+
+
+
+Kalli at St. John's, Newfoundland
+
+
+The time having now arrived at which, according to the opinion of the
+Bishop of Newfoundland, and the Warden of St. Augustine's, the
+qualifications of Kallihirua might be turned to some account, as an
+aid to missionaries in their efforts among the Esquimaux of Labrador,
+he left England, in the autumn of the year 1855, for further training
+at St. John's, Newfoundland. This step was taken at the expense of the
+Admiralty, who agreed to allow him 25 pounds a year for three years.
+
+The following notice of his character appeared in the 'Occasional
+Paper,' published in St. Augustine's College at the time of his
+removal to Newfoundland. At every step of his short but remarkable
+course, such willing testimony always awaited him.
+
+"Kallihirua, whose name is known as widely as that of his College, has
+arrived at another crisis in his eventful history. Having resided more
+than three years in College, he has been transferred to the
+experienced care of the Bishop of Newfoundland, with the view to his
+probable usefulness among the Esquimaux of Labrador. If integrity of
+moral principle, gentleness of spirit, docility of manners,
+willingness to be useful, and true Christian politeness, are essential
+requisites in a Missionary, then is Kallihirua certain to fill his
+place well, if only the right place is found for him."
+
+Kalli arrived in St John's, Newfoundland, on the 2nd October, 1855,
+and, on the following day, wrote a letter to Captain Ommanney, telling
+him that he had suffered on the voyage from the motion of the vessel,
+which had caused severe headaches. He added, "St John's puts me in
+mind of my own country. I have already found a great number of kind
+friends, and feel so happy."
+
+He was immediately admitted into the College of the Theological
+Institution for further training, and it was the Bishop's intention to
+have taken him in the summer of 1856 in the Church-ship to the coast
+of Labrador, with the view particularly of comparing his language with
+that of the Esquimaux on the American continent, who are included
+under the government, and consequently in the diocese, of
+Newfoundland.
+
+That he was not unfitted for this task, appears from a passage in the
+preface to the Greenland-Esquimaux Vocabulary. Captain Washington
+observes: "On comparing the Labrador with the Greenland dialect of the
+Esquimaux, it was found that nearly one-half the words given by Mr.
+Platon were similar to the former. On going over the vocabulary with
+Kallihirua, generally speaking he recognized the Greenland word. When
+he did not do so, the Labrador was mentioned, which, in most cases, he
+caught at directly. These words have been added. There would thus
+appear to be even a greater degree of similarity between the Labrador
+and Greenland dialects than might have been expected, and it is
+evident that the Greenland dialect, as Mr. Platon states, is spoken by
+all the Esquimaux to the head of Baffin's Bay."
+
+Kalli had some conversation with a Moravian Missionary from Labrador.
+The language was in most respects similar, though there was evidently
+a difficulty in understanding each other.
+
+
+
+
+Death of Archdeacon Bridge
+
+
+It may be mentioned, as a circumstance of melancholy interest, that,
+besides Kallihirua, the late Venerable T. F. H. Bridge, Archdeacon of
+Newfoundland, was to have accompanied and assisted the Bishop in this
+voyage, which it was proposed should have extended to the Moravian
+settlement. Moravian Missions have been established in Greenland for
+more than a century. But the expedition contemplated by the Bishop
+was more particularly designed to open Sandwich and Esquimaux Bays to
+the much-needed Missionary.
+
+These projects it was determined, in the good providence of God, were
+not to be realized. Archdeacon Bridge was prematurely carried off, in
+the midst of his zealous and successful labours, at the end of
+February, 1856. "He worked himself to death!" said the Bishop. "His
+death was felt in the colony as a public loss."
+
+
+
+
+Intelligence from Newfoundland
+
+
+The author of this memoir had written to Kallihirua, whilst he was at
+St. Augustine's, and had received from him a letter shortly, and
+plainly expressed, which the Warden stated to have been composed and
+written by the youth himself, and which proved how anxious he was to
+do well that which was given him to do. The author afterwards often
+thought of the amiable Kalli, and was in hopes of soon hearing from
+him in his new abode in Newfoundland. But man proposeth, and God
+disposeth. A St. John's paper, _The Newfoundland Express_, taken up
+casually in July, 1856, conveyed the intelligence that Kallihirua had
+passed away from this busy anxious world to another, and, we humbly
+and reasonably hope, a better and happier.
+
+A melancholy interest generally attaches to the history of individuals
+dying in a foreign and strange land, far from friends and home. The
+separation from all they have known and loved is, in their case, so
+entire, the change of their circumstances, habits, and associations,
+so great, that such a dispensation specially appeals to the sympathy
+of all Christian hearts.
+
+
+
+
+Allusion to Prince Le Boo
+
+
+Feelings of this kind are excited by the narrative of the early death
+of Prince Le Boo, a youthful native of the Pelew Islands, who was
+brought over to this country in July, 1784, and who, in the
+spring-time of life, after little more than five months' stay in
+England, fell a victim, to the small pox. In the memoir of that young
+prince, who died at Rotherhithe, and was buried in the church-yard
+there, in December, 1784, there are some points of resemblance to the
+case under our notice. The natural and unforced politeness of the
+youth, his aptness at conforming, in all proper things, to the habits
+and customs of those to whose hospitality he was intrusted; his warm
+and single-hearted affection for such persons, in whatever station,
+as showed him kind offices, his desire for mental improvement; his
+resignation and submission in his last illness to the will of God,
+these are features which remind us of the subject of our present
+memoir. Many are the tears which have fallen over the story of the
+young and amiable Prince Le Boo.
+
+
+
+
+Accounts from St. John's
+
+
+But to resume the thread of the narrative respecting Kalli. During the
+winter of 1855 and 1856 he had suffered frequently from cough, and
+shown other signs of constitutional weakness. His cheerfulness,
+however, had seldom failed him; his readiness to please, and be
+pleased, to oblige, and be obliged, never. In letters which he sent to
+friends in England, he always spoke with gratitude of the kindness
+shown him, and of being very happy.
+
+
+
+
+Letter from Kalli
+
+
+The following letter to Mr. Blunsom, who, as it will have been seen,
+had treated him with constant kindness, and done him much good
+service, will be read with interest.
+
+"St John's College, Newfoundland,
+January 7, 1856.
+
+                 "I received your kind letter by the December
+         mail, and am very sorry to hear of your illness. The
+         weather here is very cold, I feel it more than at
+         Cape York. I have begun to skate, and find it a
+         pleasant amusement. There is a lake a little
+         distance from the College, called, 'Quidi Vidi,' on
+         which we practise. The Bishop is very kind and good
+         to me. College here is not so large and fine a
+         place as St. Augustine's: nor are there so many
+         students. I hope that all my kind friends at
+         Canterbury are quite well. Please remember me
+         kindly to Mr. and Mrs. Gipps, and all at St.
+         Augustine's. With kind love to yourself,
+
+                            "I remain, yours affectionately,
+
+                                                    "KALLI."
+
+
+
+
+Kalli's Illness and Death
+
+
+With respect to the fatal attack under which he soon sunk, it has to
+be mentioned, that he had gone out to bathe with one of his
+fellow-students at St. John's, on Saturday, the 7th June. From
+continuing too long in the water, which was very cold, he caught a
+chill, and showed many symptoms of inflammation for some days. On
+Wednesday, good medical assistance was called in, but his constitution
+had received too violent a shock. The Surgeon had fears from the first
+that his patient would not recover. It has been observed by medical
+men, that Esquimaux have but little stamina, and generally fail under
+the first attack of serious illness. Kalli was kindly watched and
+assisted by the Rev. J. G. Mountain, and Mrs. Mountain, and his
+fellow-students. He got rapidly worse. On the Thursday he seemed
+utterly powerless, and could not lift up his arms, nor put them out of
+his bed. He was very restless during the greater part of Friday night.
+
+"Soon after ten o'clock on Saturday morning, June 14th," said the
+Bishop of Newfoundland, "his gentle soul departed. I saw him
+frequently during his illness (three times the last day), and he
+always assented most readily, when I reminded him of God's gracious
+goodness in visiting him; and that it would be better for him to
+depart, and be with Christ. It was remarkable that his English was
+more clear and distinct in his illness than I had ever known it; and
+though he said but very little, he seemed to understand better than
+ever before. The last seizure was so sudden and violent, that he did
+not articulate at all. He expired, whilst I was commending his soul to
+his faithful Creator and most merciful Saviour."
+
+He is stated to have died of "melanosis of the lungs," a disease in
+which the whole substance of the lungs turns completely black. It is
+very slow in its first advances, but fearfully rapid in its latter
+stages. The Bishop had the chest examined after death, and sent a copy
+of the Surgeon's report to the Warden of St. Augustine's.
+
+In a full communication, made to the Warden, the Bishop said, "The
+almost suddenness of our good gentle Kalli's removal makes it
+difficult to realize the fact that 'he is gone.' I still look for his
+familiar strange face among the students, wondering at his unwonted
+absence. He seemed quite identified with our little company. We all
+miss him greatly, but he has now entered on that perfect rest which he
+seemed made for, and is delivered from a troublesome, naughty world
+for which he was certainly not made."
+
+The Bishop also spoke of Kalli's _submission to those set over him;
+his kindness to all around him, and his attention to all his religious
+duties_.
+
+Many young persons, born and bred in our own country, and brought up
+from the cradle in the very midst of Christian instruction, may glean
+a valuable lesson from the character of this lamented Esquimaux
+Christian. They may ask themselves, with some feeling of self-reproof,
+whether they should have merited such praise from one so revered, and
+so well qualified to judge. "Perhaps," added Bishop Feild, "I was a
+little proud at being able to exhibit a far-off Esquimaux brought
+near, and among my own scholars."
+
+During Kalli's last illness, which, though short, was not without
+considerable suffering, the same spirit of resignation and
+thankfulness, which he had always shown, was evinced. "Mr. D---- very
+kind," "K---- very kind," "Mrs.---- very kind," "Sorry to give so much
+trouble," were expressions continually on his lips, as he was visited
+and assisted by his fellow-students, and other friends in succession.
+His gentle spirit departed in the presence of the Rev. Thomas Wood,
+the Rev. Principal of the College, and all his fellow-students.
+
+The Rev. J. F. Phelps, Vice-Principal of St. John's College,
+Newfoundland, who had been a fellow-student of Kalli's, at St.
+Augustine's, wrote thus, June 25, 1856, respecting him.
+
+"I have every reason to believe and hope that he has been translated
+to a better state, and that he now rests in his Saviour: for though
+he had not much knowledge, yet few indeed act up to their knowledge so
+well and consistently as he did to his. It must be a comfort to you,
+Sir, to be assured that in his last moments he was cared for, and
+attended by all members of the College here, the students constantly
+being with him, as well as Mr. and Mrs. Mountain and myself. He showed
+himself very grateful for all that was being done for him, and
+expressed great sorrow at giving so much trouble. He always spoke of
+his friends in England with great affection, and was delighted
+whenever he received letters from them, which he was always eager to
+answer. Altogether, his was a very amiable character, and we all felt
+his loss very much."
+
+In another letter from Mr. Phelps is the following passage:--
+
+"During his last illness, in his conversation with me, it was evident
+that he quite understood the principle on which we Christians ought to
+bear our sufferings, patiently, and even thankfully, because of the
+still greater sufferings which we deserve, and which our Divine
+Saviour bore for us. I was, I confess, surprised at the readiness
+with which he realized the truth and the force of this reasoning."
+
+
+
+
+Legacy to a Friend
+
+
+The author had often remarked the very grateful manner in which the
+youth acknowledged any kindness shown towards him. He spoke with the
+utmost affection of his dear friends, Captain Ommanney, Captain
+Austin, R.N., the Rev. the Warden of St. Augustine's College, and Mrs.
+Bailey. Mrs. Bailey, he said, taught him constantly his readings in
+the New Testament, heard him his hymns, and corrected his
+writing-exercises. The Rev. A. P. Moor, Sub-Warden of the College, was
+also very kind to him, and gained his regard.
+
+Of the moderate means placed at his disposal he was always properly
+careful, expending very little upon himself. He had a few pounds laid
+up in the Savings' Bank at Canterbury. This amount, together with his
+humble store of goods and chattels, consisting chiefly of the prints
+which had adorned his room, he left, by a kind of will, to his
+untiring and constant friend, Captain Ommanney, in token of gratitude
+and regard.
+
+
+
+
+Kalli's Funeral
+
+
+The remains of Kallihirua were borne to the grave by his
+fellow-students, and followed by the Vice-Principal of the College,
+and by the Bishop of Newfoundland, as chief mourner. The Burial
+Service in the church (St. Thomas's) was conducted by the Rev. Mr.
+Wood, and in the cemetery by the Rev. Mr. Mountain, the Principal of
+the College. The quiet solemnity of the service was in keeping with
+the life and death of the gentle Kalli.
+
+Mrs. Mountain, of St. John's, Newfoundland, in whose house he lived,
+and who had kindly assisted in instructing him, wrote as follows:--
+
+"It is in sincere sorrow and mourning that I write to inform you that
+we yesterday followed to the grave our poor Erasmus Kallihirua. He
+died after only a few days' illness, brought on by incautiously going
+out to bathe with one of our other students. On the following day,
+when he came to me to read, as usual, he complained of great pain in
+the chest and side, and so rapid was the inflammation, that the usual
+remedies were unavailing.
+
+"Poor fellow, he was as patient and gentle during his illness, as he
+always was when he was well and strong, and expressed perfect
+resignation to God's will, and much thankfulness to those who
+ministered to him. We all loved him for his unvarying kindness and
+gentleness, his submission to those set over him, and his willingness
+to serve all. I miss him so very much, not only in his daily lessons,
+but in his constant knock at our door, to know whether I had any thing
+for him to do in the garden, or a message in the town when he was
+going out for a walk.
+
+"He looked very nice, lying in his silver-white coffin, covered with
+flowers, and a bunch of lilies and wild pear-blossoms on his bosom. We
+trust that he was one of the blessed meek who shall inherit the earth.
+We were all with him when he breathed his last, the Bishop, and the
+Principal of St. John's College, commending his soul to his faithful
+Creator."
+
+
+
+
+Intended Memorial
+
+
+It is proposed to inscribe a record of Kalli, and of other deceased
+students of St. Augustine's College, on a tablet in the crypt under
+the College Chapel. A memorial stone will be erected over Kalli's
+grave in St. John's, Newfoundland.
+
+With reference to the recent decease of some hopeful students of St.
+Augustine's, who, after giving promise of much usefulness in the cause
+of missions, had been removed from this earthly scene, Mr. Phelps
+observed in a letter lately printed at the St. Augustine's College
+Press:--
+
+"The whole College is again reminded, that 'all flesh is grass,' and
+that our life 'is even a vapour that appeareth for a little time, and
+then vanisheth away.' Poor Kalli is no longer with us. He has been
+made fit for the Master's use, and has been taken back by Him who lent
+him to us."
+
+
+
+
+Practical Reflections
+
+
+The writer in the "Newfoundland Express" made the following practical
+reflections on Kalli's early death, which suggest serious though
+cheering thoughts:--
+
+"It may seem to some persons but folly, and to others but mere
+boasting, to point to this young man, as any fruit of, or recompense
+for, the costly and calamitous Arctic expeditions. But others may not
+think it all in vain, if thereby one soul has been saved, and an
+example left to a few young men, of thankfulness and kindness to men,
+duty and devotion towards God. Such was Erasmus Augustine Kallihirua,
+once a poor benighted Esquimaux, but brought out of darkness into the
+marvellous light of the Gospel, to be a pattern to some, who, with
+much greater advantages, are far inferior in the best graces of the
+Christian."
+
+
+
+
+Conclusion
+
+
+All that has been written will tend to show that Kallihirua was held
+in much esteem and affection by those who knew him, and that some
+tribute, (such as even this little memoir,) is due to the memory of
+one who was well called "Erasmus," or "beloved."
+
+This, however, is not the chief end which the author had in view in
+presenting an account of Kalli's short career among his adopted
+countrymen. He would fain convey, amidst other wholesome lessons, that
+of the uncertainty of life, and the necessity of working while it is
+day. When we reflect on the departure of one, whose face and figure
+still dwell in the minds of many of us, it would be wise to remember,
+that we ourselves are making for the same point of our journey, the
+concluding scene of this short existence, the end of our probation.
+How trifling and insignificant do all other events appear, compared
+with the close of the race, and the arrival at the looked-for goal!
+May God grant us grace to act constantly on this conviction, as to all
+our plans and prospects!
+
+THE END
+
+
+GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON
+
+
+
+
+BOOKS
+PRINTED FOR THE
+
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