diff options
Diffstat (limited to '22072-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 22072-h/22072-h.htm | 7254 |
1 files changed, 7254 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/22072-h/22072-h.htm b/22072-h/22072-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b760b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/22072-h/22072-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,7254 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Folk-lore and Legends: North American Indian, by Anonymous. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + a {text-decoration: none;} + + img {border: none;} + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .bbox {border: solid 2px; padding: 1em;} + .adbox {border: solid 2px; padding: 1em; width: 50%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .lowercase {text-transform: lowercase;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i6 {display: block; margin-left: 6em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + + .tdl {text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;} /* left align cell */ + .tdr {text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;} /* right align cell */ + + .ctext {width: 60%; margin: 0 auto;} /* centers text and maintains indentation */ + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Folk-Lore and Legends: North American Indian, by +Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Folk-Lore and Legends: North American Indian + +Author: Anonymous + +Release Date: July 14, 2007 [EBook #22072] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOLK-LORE AND LEGENDS *** + + + + +Produced by Julie Barkley, Sam W. and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + +<h1 style="padding-bottom: 2em;">FOLK-LORE<br /> +<span style="font-size: small;">AND</span><br /> +LEGENDS</h1> + + +<h2 style="padding-bottom: 4em;">NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN</h2> + + +<p class="center" style="padding-bottom: 4em;">W. W. GIBBINGS<br /> +18 BURY ST., LONDON, W.C.<br /> +1890</p> + + +<p class="center">FOLK-LORE AND LEGENDS</p> + +<p class="center"><i>NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN</i></p> + +<div class="adbox"> +<p class="center">UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME.</p> + +<p class="center">“<i>These dainty little books.</i>”—<span class="smcap">Standard.</span></p> + +<p class="center">FOLK-LORE AND LEGENDS.</p> + +<p class="center"><i>FIRST SERIES.</i></p> + +<div class="ctext"> +<p class="i0">1. <span class="smcap">German.</span><br /> +2. <span class="smcap">Oriental.</span><br /> +3. <span class="smcap">Scotland.</span><br /> +4. <span class="smcap">Ireland.</span><br /></p> +</div> + + +<p class="center"><i>SECOND SERIES</i>.</p> + +<div class="ctext"> +<p class="i0">1. <span class="smcap">England.</span><br /> +2. <span class="smcap">Scandinavian.</span><br /> +3. <span class="smcap">Russian.</span><br /> +4. <span class="smcap">North American Indian.</span><br /></p> +</div> + +<p class="center">“<i>They transport us into a romantic world.</i>”—<span class="smcap">Times.</span></p> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>PREFATORY NOTE.</h2> + + +<p>It might have been expected that the Indians of +North America would have many Folklore tales +to tell, and in this volume I have endeavoured to +present such of them as seemed to me to best +illustrate the primitive character and beliefs of +the people. The belief, and the language in +which it is clothed, are often very beautiful. +Fantastic imagination, magnanimity, moral sentiment, +tender feeling, and humour are discovered +in a degree which may astonish many who have +been apt to imagine that advanced civilisation +has much to do with the possession of such +qualities. I know of nothing that throws so +much light upon Indian character as their +Folk-tales.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="60%" summary="Table of Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="tdl"> </td> + <td class="tdr"><span class="smcap lowercase">PAGE</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Moowis,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Girl who Married the Pine-tree,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">A Legend of Manabozho,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Pauppukkeewis,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Discovery of the Upper World,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Boy who Snared the Sun,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Maid in the Box,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Spirits and the Lovers,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Wonderful Rod,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Funeral Fire,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Legend of O-na-wut-a-qut-o,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Manabozho in the Fish’s Stomach,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Sun and the Moon,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Snail and the Beaver,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Strange Guests,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Manabozho and his Toe,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Girl who Became a Bird,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Undying Head,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Old Chippeway,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_113">113</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Mukumik! Mukumik! Mukumik!,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_116">116</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Swing by the Lake,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Fire Plume,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Journey to the Island of Souls,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Machinitou, the Evil Spirit,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Woman of Stone,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_144">144</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Maiden who Loved a Fish,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Lone Lightning,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_151">151</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Aggo-dah-gauda,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_154">154</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Piqua,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_158">158</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Evil Maker,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Manabozho the Wolf,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">The Man-fish,</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_186">186</a></td> + </tr> +</table> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> +<h2>MOOWIS.</h2> + + +<p>In a large village there lived a noted belle, or Ma-mon-dá-go-Kwa, +who was the admiration of all the +young hunters and warriors. She was particularly +admired by a young man who, from his good figure +and the care he took in his dress, was called the +Beau-Man, or Ma-mon-dá-gin-in-e. This young man +had a friend and companion whom he made his +confidant.</p> + +<p>“Come,” said he one day, in a sportive mood, +“let us go a-courting to her who is so handsome, +perhaps she may fancy one of us.”</p> + +<p>She would, however, listen to neither of them; +and when the handsome young man rallied her on +the coldness of her air, and made an effort to overcome +her indifference, she repulsed him with the +greatest contempt, and the young man retired confused +and abashed. His sense of pride was deeply +wounded, and he was the more piqued because he +had been thus treated in the presence of others, +and this affair had been noised about in the village, +and became the talk of every lodge circle. He was, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> +besides, a very sensitive man, and the incident so +preyed upon him that he became moody and at +last took to his bed. For days he would lie without +uttering a word, with his eyes fixed on vacancy, +and taking little or no food. From this state no +efforts could rouse him. He felt abashed and dishonoured +even in the presence of his own relatives, +and no persuasions could induce him to rise, so that +when the family prepared to take down the lodge +to remove he still kept his bed, and they were compelled +to lift it from above his head and leave him +upon his skin couch. It was a time of general removal +and breaking up of the camp, for it was only +a winter hunting-camp, and as the season of the hunt +was now over, and spring began to appear, his friends +all moved off as by one impulse to the place of their +summer village, and in a short time all were gone, +and he was left alone. The last person to leave him +was his boon companion and cousin, who had been, +like him, an admirer of the forest belle. The hunter +disregarded even his voice, and as soon as his steps +died away on the creaking snow the stillness and +solitude of the wilderness reigned around.</p> + +<p>As soon as all were gone, and he could no longer, +by listening, hear the remotest sound of the departing +camp, the Beau-Man arose.</p> + +<p>Now this young man had for a friend a powerful +guardian spirit or personal manito, and he resolved, +with this spirit’s aid, to use his utmost power to +punish and humble the girl, for she was noted in +her tribe for her coquetry, and had treated many +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> +young men, who were every way her equals, as she +had treated this lover. He resolved on a singular +stratagem by way of revenge.</p> + +<p>He walked over the deserted camp and gathered +up all the cast-off bits of soiled cloth, clippings +of finery, and old clothing and ornaments, which +had either been left there as not worth carrying +away, or forgotten. These he carefully picked out of +the snow, into which some of them had been trodden, +and collected in one place. These gaudy and soiled +stuffs he restored to their original beauty, and made +of them a coat and leggings, which he trimmed with +beads, and finished and decorated after the best fashion +of his tribe. He then made a pair of moccasins and +garnished them with beads, a bow and arrows, +and a frontlet and feathers for the head. Having +done this he searched about for cast-out bones of +animals, pieces of skin, clippings of dried meat, and +even dirt. Having cemented all this together he +filled the clothes with it, pressed the mass firmly +in, and fashioned it, externally, in all respects like +a tall and well-shaped man. He put a bow and +arrows in its hands, and the frontlet on its head. +Having finished it he brought it to life, and the image +stood forth in the most favoured lineaments of his +fellows. Such was the origin of Moowis, or the +Dirt-and-Rag Man.</p> + +<p>“Follow me,” said the Beau-Man, “and I will +direct you how you shall act.”</p> + +<p>Moowis was, indeed, a very sightly person, and +as the Beau-Man led him into the new encampment +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +where the girl dwelt, the many colours of his clothes, +the profusion of his ornaments, his manly deportment, +his animated countenance, drew all eyes to him. +He was hospitably received, both old and young +showing him great attention. The chief invited him +to his lodge, and he was there treated to the moose’s +hump and the finest venison.</p> + +<p>No one was better pleased with the handsome +stranger than Ma-mon-dá-go-Kwa. She fell in love +with him at first sight, and he was an invited guest +at the lodge of her mother the very first evening of +his arrival. The Beau-Man went with him, for it was +under his patronage that he had been introduced, +and, in truth, he had another motive in accompanying +him, for he had not yet wholly subdued his feelings +of admiration for the object against whom he had, +nevertheless, exerted all his necromantic power, and +he held himself ready to take advantage of any +favourable turn which he secretly hoped the visit +might take in relation to himself. No such opportunity, +however, arose. Moowis attracted the chief +attention, every eye and heart was alert to entertain +him. In this effort on the part of his entertainers +they had well-nigh brought about his destruction +by dissolving him into his original elements of rags, +snow, and dirt, for he was assigned the most prominent +place near the fire, where he was exposed to a heat +that he could by no means endure. However, he +warded this calamity off by placing a boy between +him and the fire; he shifted his position frequently, +and evaded, by dexterous manœuvres and timely +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> +remarks, the pressing invitation of his host to sit +and enjoy the warmth. He so managed these +excuses as not only to conceal his dread of immediate +dissolution, but to secure the further approbation of +the fair forest girl, who was filled with admiration +of one who had so brave a spirit to endure the +paralysing effects of cold.</p> + +<p>The visit proved that the rejected lover had well +calculated the effects of his plan. He withdrew +from the lodge, and Moowis triumphed. Before the +Beau-Man left he saw him cross the lodge to the +coveted <i>abinos</i>, or bridegroom’s seat. The dart +which Ma-mon-dá-go-Kwa had so often delighted in +sending to the hearts of her admirers she was at +length fated to receive. She had married an image.</p> + +<p>As the morning began to break the stranger arose, +adjusted his warrior’s plumes, and took his forest +weapons to depart.</p> + +<p>“I must go,” said he, “for I have important work +to do, and there are many hills and streams between +me and the object of my journey.”</p> + +<p>“I will go with you,” said Ma-mon-dá-go-Kwa.</p> + +<p>“The journey is too long,” replied her husband, “and +you are ill able to encounter the perils of the way.”</p> + +<p>“It is not so long but that I will go,” answered +his wife, “and there are no dangers I will not share +with you.”</p> + +<p>Moowis returned to the lodge of his master, and +told him what had occurred. For a moment pity +took possession of the young man’s heart. He +regretted that she whom he so loved should thus +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> +have thrown herself away upon an image, a shadow, +when she might have been the mistress of the best +lodge in the camp.</p> + +<p>“It is her own folly,” he said; “she has turned +a deaf ear to the counsels of prudence. She must +submit to her fate.”</p> + +<p>The same morning Moowis set forth, and his wife +followed him at a distance. The way was rough and +intricate, and she found that she could not keep up +with him, he walked so quickly. She struggled hard +and obstinately to overtake him, but Moowis had +been for some time out of sight when the sun rose +and commenced upon his snow-formed body the +work of dissolution. He began to melt away and +fall to pieces. As Ma-mon-dá-go-Kwa followed in +his track she found piece after piece of his clothing +in the path. She first found his mittens, then his +moccasins, then his leggings, then his coat, and after +that other parts of his garments. As the heat unbound +them the clothes also returned to their filthy condition. +Over rocks, through wind-falls, across marshes, +Ma-mon-dá-go-Kwa pursued him she loved. The path +turned aside in all directions. Rags, bones, leather, +beads, feathers, and soiled ribbons she found, but +caught no sight of Moowis. She spent the day in +wandering, and when evening came she was still +alone. The snow having now melted, she had completely +lost her husband’s track, and she wandered +about uncertain which way to go and in a state of +perfect despair. At length with bitter cries she +lamented her fate.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> +“Moowis, Moowis,” she cried, “nin ge won e win +ig, ne won e win ig!”—“Moowis, Moowis, you have +led me astray, you are leading me astray!”</p> + +<p>With this cry she wandered in the woods.</p> + +<p>The cry of the lost Ma-mon-dá-go-Kwa is sometimes +repeated by the village girls who have made +of it a song—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Moowis! Moowis!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Forest rover,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Where art thou?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ah! my bravest, gayest lover,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Guide me now.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Moowis! Moowis!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ah! believe me,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">List my moan:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Do not, do not, brave heart, leave me<br /></span> +<span class="i1">All alone.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Moowis! Moowis!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Footprints vanished!<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Whither wend I?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fated, lost, detested, banished<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Must I die!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Moowis! Moowis!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Whither goest thou,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Eye-bright lover?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ah! thou ravenous bird that knowest,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">I see thee hover,<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> +<span class="i0">Circling, circling<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As I wander,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And at last<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When I fall thou then wilt come<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And feed upon my breast.<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE GIRL WHO MARRIED THE PINE-TREE.</h2> + + +<p>Upon the side of a certain mountain grew some pines, +under the shade of which the Puckwudjinies, or +sprites, were accustomed to sport at times. Now it +happened that in the neighbourhood of these trees +was a lodge in which dwelt a beautiful girl and her +father and mother. One day a man came to the lodge +of the father, and seeing the girl he loved her, and +said—</p> + +<p>“Give me Leelinau for my wife,” and the old man +consented.</p> + +<p>Now it happened that the girl did not like her +lover, so she escaped from the lodge and went and +hid herself, and as the sun was setting she came to +the pine-trees, and leaning against one of them she +lamented her hard fate. On a sudden she heard +a voice, which seemed to come from the tree, +saying—</p> + +<p>“Be my wife, maiden, beautiful Leelinau, beautiful +Leelinau.”</p> + +<p>The girl was astonished, not knowing whence the +voice could have come. She listened again, and the +words were repeated, evidently by the tree against +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> +which she leaned. Then the maid consented to be +the wife of the pine-tree.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile her parents had missed her, and had +sent out parties to see if she could be found, but +she was nowhere.</p> + +<p>Time passed on, but Leelinau never returned to +her home. Hunters who have been crossing the +mountain, and have come to the trees at sunset, say +that they have seen a beautiful girl there in company +with a handsome youth, who vanished as they +approached.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p> +<h2>A LEGEND OF MANABOZHO.</h2> + + +<p>Manabozho made the land. The occasion of his +doing so was this.</p> + +<p>One day he went out hunting with two wolves. +After the first day’s hunt one of the wolves left him +and went to the left, but the other continuing with +Manabozho he adopted him for his son. The lakes +were in those days peopled by spirits with whom +Manabozho and his son went to war. They destroyed +all the spirits in one lake, and then went on hunting. +They were not, however, very successful, for +every deer the wolf chased fled to another of the +lakes and escaped from them. It chanced that one +day Manabozho started a deer, and the wolf gave +chase. The animal fled to the lake, which was +covered with ice, and the wolf pursued it. At the +moment when the wolf had come up to the prey the +ice broke, and both fell in, when the spirits, catching +them, at once devoured them.</p> + +<p>Manabozho went up and down the lake-shore +weeping and lamenting. While he was thus distressed +he heard a voice proceeding from the depths +of the lake.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +“Manabozho,” cried the voice, “why do you +weep?”</p> + +<p>Manabozho answered—</p> + +<p>“Have I not cause to do so? I have lost my +son, who has sunk in the waters of the lake.”</p> + +<p>“You will never see him more,” replied the voice; +“the spirits have eaten him.”</p> + +<p>Then Manabozho wept the more when he heard +this sad news.</p> + +<p>“Would,” said he, “I might meet those who have +thus cruelly treated me in eating my son. They +should feel the power of Manabozho, who would be +revenged.”</p> + +<p>The voice informed him that he might meet the +spirits by repairing to a certain place, to which the +spirits would come to sun themselves. Manabozho +went there accordingly, and, concealing himself, saw +the spirits, who appeared in all manner of forms, +as snakes, bears, and other things. Manabozho, +however, did not escape the notice of one of the +two chiefs of the spirits, and one of the band who +wore the shape of a very large snake was sent by +them to examine what the strange object was.</p> + +<p>Manabozho saw the spirit coming, and assumed +the appearance of a stump. The snake coming up +wrapped itself around the trunk and squeezed it +with all its strength, so that Manabozho was on the +point of crying out when the snake uncoiled itself. +The relief was, however, only for a moment. Again +the snake wound itself around him and gave him +this time even a more severe hug than before. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> +Manabozho restrained himself and did not suffer a +cry to escape him, and the snake, now satisfied that +the stump was what it appeared to be, glided off to +its companions. The chiefs of the spirits were not, +however, satisfied, so they sent a bear to try what +he could make of the stump. The bear came up to +Manabozho and hugged, and bit, and clawed him +till he could hardly forbear screaming with the pain +it caused him. The thought of his son and of the +vengeance he wished to take on the spirits, however, +restrained him, and the bear at last retreated +to its fellows.</p> + +<p>“It is nothing,” it said; “it is really a stump.”</p> + +<p>Then the spirits were reassured, and, having sunned +themselves, lay down and went to sleep. Seeing +this, Manabozho assumed his natural shape, and stealing +upon them with his bow and arrows, slew the +chiefs of the spirits. In doing this he awoke the +others, who, seeing their chiefs dead, turned upon +Manabozho, who fled. Then the spirits pursued him +in the shape of a vast flood of water. Hearing it +behind him the fugitive ran as fast as he could to +the hills, but each one became gradually submerged, +so that Manabozho was at last driven to the top of +the highest mountain. Here the waters still surrounding +him and gathering in height, Manabozho +climbed the highest pine-tree he could find. The +waters still rose. Then Manabozho prayed that the +tree would grow, and it did so. Still the waters +rose. Manabozho prayed again that the tree would +grow, and it did so, but not so much as before. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> +Still the waters rose, and Manabozho was up to his +chin in the flood, when he prayed again, and the tree +grew, but less than on either of the former occasions. +Manabozho looked round on the waters, and saw many +animals swimming about seeking land. Amongst +them he saw a beaver, an otter, and a musk-rat. +Then he cried to them, saying—</p> + +<p>“My brothers, come to me. We must have some +earth, or we shall all die.”</p> + +<p>So they came to him and consulted as to what +had best be done, and it was agreed that they should +dive down and see if they could not bring up some +of the earth from below.</p> + +<p>The beaver dived first, but was drowned before he +reached the bottom. Then the otter went. He came +within sight of the earth, but then his senses failed +him before he could get a bite of it. The musk-rat +followed. He sank to the bottom, and bit the earth. +Then he lost his senses and came floating up to the +top of the water. Manabozho awaited the reappearance +of the three, and as they came up to the +surface he drew them to him. He examined their +claws, but found nothing. Then he looked in their +mouths and found the beaver’s and the otter’s empty. +In the musk-rat’s, however, he found a little earth. +This Manabozho took in his hands and rubbed till +it was a fine dust. Then he dried it in the sun, and, +when it was quite light, he blew it all round him over +the water, and the dry land appeared.</p> + +<p>Thus Manabozho made the land.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p> +<h2>PAUPPUKKEEWIS.</h2> + + +<p>A man of large stature and great activity of mind +and body found himself standing alone on a prairie. +He thought to himself—</p> + +<p>“How came I here? Are there no beings on this +earth but myself? I must travel and see. I must +walk till I find the abodes of men.”</p> + +<p>So as soon as his mind was made up he set out, +he knew not whither, in search of habitations. No +obstacles diverted him from his purpose. Prairies, +rivers, woods, and storms did not daunt his courage +or turn him back. After travelling a long time he +came to a wood in which he saw decayed stumps of +trees, as if they had been cut in ancient times, but +he found no other traces of men. Pursuing his +journey he found more recent marks of the same kind, +and later on he came to fresh traces of human beings, +first their footsteps, and then the wood they had +cut lying in heaps.</p> + +<p>Continuing on he emerged towards dusk from the +forest, and beheld at a distance a large village of +high lodges, standing on rising ground. He said +to himself—</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> +“I will arrive there at a run.”</p> + +<p>Off he started with all his speed, and on coming +to the first lodge he jumped over it. Those within +saw something pass over the top, and then they +heard a thump on the ground.</p> + +<p>“What is that?” they all said.</p> + +<p>One came out to see, and, finding a stranger, invited +him in. He found himself in the presence of an +old chief and several men who were seated in the +lodge. Meat was set before him, after which the +chief asked him where he was going and what his +name was. He answered he was in search of adventures, +and that his name was Pauppukkeewis (grasshopper). +The eyes of all were fixed upon him.</p> + +<p>“Pauppukkeewis!” said one to another, and the +laugh went round.</p> + +<p>Pauppukkeewis made but a short stay in the village. +He was not easy there. The place gave him +no opportunity to display his powers.</p> + +<p>“I will be off,” he said, and taking with him a +young man who had formed a strong attachment +for him and who might serve him as a mesh-in-au-wa +(official who bears the pipe), he set out once +more on his travels. The two travelled together, +and when the young man was fatigued with walking +Pauppukkeewis would show him a few tricks, such +as leaping over trees, and turning round on one +leg till he made the dust fly in a cloud around +him. In this manner he very much amused his companion, +though at times his performance somewhat +alarmed him.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> +One day they came to a large village, where they +were well received. The people told them that there +were a number of manitoes who lived some distance +away and who killed all who came to their lodge.</p> + +<p>The people had made many attempts to extirpate +these manitoes, but the war parties that went out +for this purpose were always unsuccessful.</p> + +<p>“I will go and see them,” said Pauppukkeewis.</p> + +<p>The chief of the village warned him of the danger +he would run, but finding him resolved, said—</p> + +<p>“Well, if you will go, since you are my guest, +I will send twenty warriors with you.”</p> + +<p>Pauppukkeewis thanked him for this. Twenty +young men offered themselves for the expedition. +They went forward, and in a short time descried the +lodge of the manitoes. Pauppukkeewis placed his +friend and the warriors near him so that they might +see all that passed, and then he went alone into +the lodge. When he entered he found five horrible-looking +manitoes eating. These were the father and +four sons. Their appearance was hideous. Their +eyes were set low in their heads as if the manitoes +were half starved. They offered Pauppukkeewis part +of their meat, but he refused it.</p> + +<p>“What have you come for?” asked the old one.</p> + +<p>“Nothing,” answered Pauppukkeewis.</p> + +<p>At this they all stared at him.</p> + +<p>“Do you not wish to wrestle?” they all asked.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” replied he.</p> + +<p>A hideous smile passed over their faces.</p> + +<p>“You go,” said the others to their eldest brother.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +Pauppukkeewis and his antagonist were soon +clinched in each other’s arms. He knew the manitoes’ +object,—they wanted his flesh,—but he was prepared +for them.</p> + +<p>“Haw, haw!” they cried, and the dust and dry +leaves flew about the wrestlers as if driven by a +strong wind.</p> + +<p>The manito was strong, but Pauppukkeewis soon +found he could master him. He tripped him up, +and threw him with a giant’s force head foremost +on a stone, and he fell insensible.</p> + +<p>The brothers stepped up in quick succession, but +Pauppukkeewis put his tricks in full play, and soon +all the four lay bleeding on the ground. The old +manito got frightened, and ran for his life. Pauppukkeewis +pursued him for sport. Sometimes he +was before him, sometimes over his head. Now he +would give him a kick, now a push, now a trip, till +the manito was quite exhausted. Meanwhile Pauppukkeewis’s +friend and the warriors came up, crying—</p> + +<p>“Ha, ha, a! Ha, ha, a! Pauppukkeewis is driving +him before him.”</p> + +<p>At length Pauppukkeewis threw the manito to +the ground with such force that he lay senseless, +and the warriors, carrying him off, laid him with +the bodies of his sons, and set fire to the whole, +consuming them to ashes.</p> + +<p>Around the lodge Pauppukkeewis and his friends +saw a large number of bones, the remains of the +warriors whom the manitoes had slain. Taking +three arrows, Pauppukkeewis called upon the Great +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +Spirit, and then, shooting an arrow in the air, he +cried—</p> + +<p>“You, who are lying down, rise up, or you will +be hit.”</p> + +<p>The bones at these words all collected in one +place. Again Pauppukkeewis shot another arrow +into the air, crying—</p> + +<p>“You, who are lying down, rise up, or you will be +hit,” and each bone drew towards its fellow.</p> + +<p>Then he shot a third arrow, crying—</p> + +<p>“You, who are lying down, rise up, or you will +be hit,” and the bones immediately came together, +flesh came over them, and the warriors, whose remains +they were, stood before Pauppukkeewis alive and well.</p> + +<p>He led them to the chief of the village, who had +been his friend, and gave them up to him. Soon +after, the chief with his counsellors came to him, +saying—</p> + +<p>“Who is more worthy to rule than you? You +alone can defend us.”</p> + +<p>Pauppukkeewis thanked the chief, but told him he +must set out again in search of further adventures. +The chief and the counsellors pressed him to remain, +but he was resolved to leave them, and so he told +the chief to make his friend ruler while he himself +went on his travels.</p> + +<p>“I will come again,” said he, “sometime and +see you.”</p> + +<p>“Ho, ho, ho!” they all cried, “come back again +and see us.”</p> + +<p>He promised that he would, and set out alone.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +After travelling for some time, he came to a large +lake, and on looking about he saw an enormous +otter on an island. He thought to himself—</p> + +<p>“His skin will make me a fine pouch,” and, drawing +near, he drove an arrow into the otter’s side. +He waded into the lake, and with some difficulty +dragged the carcass ashore. He took out the entrails, +but even then the carcass was so heavy that it +was as much as he could do to drag it up a hill +overlooking the lake. As soon as he got it into the +sunshine, where it was warm, he skinned the otter, +and threw the carcass away, for he said to himself—</p> + +<p>“The war-eagle will come, and then I shall have +a chance to get his skin and his feathers to put +on my head.”</p> + +<p>Very soon he heard a noise in the air, but he +could see nothing. At length a large eagle dropped, +as if from the sky, on to the otter’s carcass. Pauppukkeewis +drew his bow and sent an arrow through +the bird’s body. The eagle made a dying effort +and lifted the carcass up several feet, but it could +not disengage its claws, and the weight soon brought +the bird down again.</p> + +<p>Then Pauppukkeewis skinned the bird, crowned +his head with its feathers, and set out again on his +journey.</p> + +<p>After walking a while he came to a lake, the +water of which came right up to the trees on its +banks. He soon saw that the lake had been made +by beavers. He took his station at a certain spot +to see whether any of the beavers would show +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> +themselves. Soon he saw the head of one peeping out of +the water to see who the stranger was.</p> + +<p>“My friend,” said Pauppukkeewis, “could you not +turn me into a beaver like yourself?”</p> + +<p>“I do not know,” replied the beaver; “I will +go and ask the others.”</p> + +<p>Soon all the beavers showed their heads above +the water, and looked to see if Pauppukkeewis +was armed, but he had left his bow and arrows +in a hollow tree a short distance off. When they +were satisfied they all came near.</p> + +<p>“Can you not, with all your united power,” said +he, “turn me into a beaver? I wish to live among +you.”</p> + +<p>“Yes,” answered the chief, “lie down;” and +Pauppukkeewis soon found himself changed into +one of them.</p> + +<p>“You must make me large,” said he, “larger +than any of you.”</p> + +<p>“Yes, yes,” said they; “by and by, when we get +into the lodge, it shall be done.”</p> + +<p>They all dived into the lake, and Pauppukkeewis, +passing large heaps of limbs of trees and logs at +the bottom, asked the use of them. The beavers +answered—</p> + +<p>“They are our winter provisions.”</p> + +<p>When they all got into the lodge their number +was about one hundred. The lodge was large and +warm.</p> + +<p>“Now we will make you large,” said they, exerting +all their power. “Will that do?”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> +“Yes,” he answered, for he found he was ten times +the size of the largest.</p> + +<p>“You need not go out,” said they. “We will bring +your food into the lodge, and you shall be our chief.”</p> + +<p>“Very well,” answered Pauppukkeewis. He +thought—</p> + +<p>“I will stay here and grow fat at their expense,” +but very soon a beaver came into the lodge out of +breath, crying—</p> + +<p>“We are attacked by Indians.”</p> + +<p>All huddled together in great fear. The water +began to lower, for the hunters had broken down the +dam, and soon the beavers heard them on the roof +of the lodge, breaking it in. Out jumped all the +beavers and so escaped. Pauppukkeewis tried to +follow them, but, alas! they had made him so large +that he could not creep out at the hole. He called to +them to come back, but none answered. He worried +himself so much in trying to escape that he looked +like a bladder. He could not change himself into a +man again though he heard and understood all the +hunters said. One of them put his head in at the +top of the lodge.</p> + +<p>“Ty-au!” cried he. “Tut-ty-au! Me-shau-mik! +King of the beavers is in.”</p> + +<p>Then they all got at Pauppukkeewis and battered +in his skull with their clubs. After that seven or +eight of them placed his body on poles and carried +him home. As he went he reflected—</p> + +<p>“What will become of me? My ghost or shadow +will not die after they get me to their lodges.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> +When the party arrived home, they sent out invitations +to a grand feast. The women took Pauppukkeewis +and laid him in the snow to skin him, +but as soon as his flesh got cold, his jee-bi, or spirit, +fled.</p> + +<p>Pauppukkeewis found himself standing on a +prairie, having assumed his mortal shape. After +walking a short distance, he saw a herd of elks +feeding. He admired the apparent ease and enjoyment +of their life, and thought there could be nothing +more pleasant than to have the liberty of running +about, and feeding on the prairies. He asked them +if they could not change him into an elk.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” they answered, after a pause. “Get down +on your hands and feet.” He did so, and soon found +himself an elk.</p> + +<p>“I want big horns and big feet,” said he. “I wish +to be very large.”</p> + +<p>“Yes, yes,” they said. “There,” exerting all their +power, “are you big enough?”</p> + +<p>“Yes,” he answered, for he saw he was very large.</p> + +<p>They spent a good time in playing and running.</p> + +<p>Being rather cold one day he went into a thick +wood for shelter, and was followed by most of the +herd. They had not been there long before some +elks from behind passed them like a strong wind. +All took the alarm, and off they ran, Pauppukkeewis +with the rest.</p> + +<p>“Keep out on the plains,” said they, but he found +it was too late to do so, for they had already got +entangled in the thick woods. He soon smelt the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +hunters, who were closely following his trail, for they +had left all the others to follow him. He jumped +furiously, and broke down young trees in his flight, +but it only served to retard his progress. He soon +felt an arrow in his side. He jumped over trees +in his agony, but the arrows clattered thicker +and thicker about him, and at last one entered his +heart. He fell to the ground and heard the whoop +of triumph given by the warriors. On coming up +they looked at the carcass with astonishment, and, +with their hands up to their mouths, exclaimed—</p> + +<p>“Ty-au! ty-au!”</p> + +<p>There were about sixty in the party, who had +come out on a special hunt, for one of their number +had, the day before, observed Pauppukkeewis’s large +tracks in the sand. They skinned him, and as his +flesh got cold his jee-bi took its flight, and once +more he found himself in human shape.</p> + +<p>His passion for adventure was not yet cooled. +On coming to a large lake, the shore of which +was sandy, he saw a large flock of brant, and, +speaking to them, he asked them to turn him into +a brant.</p> + +<p>“Very well,” said they.</p> + +<p>“But I want to be very large,” said he.</p> + +<p>“Very well,” replied the brant, and he soon +found himself one of them, of prodigious size, all +the others looking on at him in amazement.</p> + +<p>“You must fly as leader,” they said.</p> + +<p>“No,” replied Pauppukkeewis, “I will fly behind.”</p> + +<p>“Very well,” said they. “One thing we have +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> +to say to you. You must be careful in flying not +to look down, for if you do something may happen +to you.”</p> + +<p>“Be it so,” said he, and soon the flock rose up +in the air, for they were bound for the north. +They flew very fast with Pauppukkeewis behind. +One day, while going with a strong wind, and as +swift as their wings would flap, while they passed +over a large village, the Indians below raised a +great shout, for they were amazed at the enormous +size of Pauppukkeewis. They made such a noise +that Pauppukkeewis forgot what had been told him +about not looking down. He was flying as swift as +an arrow, and as soon as he brought his neck in, +and stretched it down to look at the shouters, his +tail was caught by the wind, and he was blown over +and over. He tried to right himself, but without +success. Down he went from an immense height, +turning over and over. He lost his senses, and +when he recovered them he found himself jammed +in a cleft in a hollow tree. To get backward or forward +was impossible, and there he remained until +his brant life was ended by starvation. Then his +jee-bi again left the carcass, and once more he found +himself in human shape.</p> + +<p>Travelling was still his passion, and one day he +came to a lodge, in which were two old men whose +heads were white from age. They treated him well, +and he told them he was going back to his village +to see his friends and people. The old men said +they would aid him, and pointed out the way they +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> +said he should go, but they were deceivers. After +walking all day he came to a lodge very like the +first, and looking in he found two old men with +white heads. It was in fact the very same lodge, +and he had been walking in a circle. The old men +did not undeceive him, but pretended to be strangers, +and said in a kind voice—</p> + +<p>“We will show you the way.”</p> + +<p>After walking the third day, and coming back to +the same place, he discovered their trickery, for he +had cut a notch in the door-post.</p> + +<p>“Who are you,” said he to them, “to treat <i>me</i> +so?” and he gave one a kick and the other a slap +that killed them. Their blood flew against the rocks +near their lodge, and that is the reason there are +red streaks in them to this day. Then Pauppukkeewis +burned their lodge.</p> + +<p>He continued his journey, not knowing exactly +which way to go. At last he came to a big lake. +He ascended the highest hill to try and see the +opposite shore, but he could not, so he made a canoe +and took a sail on the water. On looking down he +saw that the bottom of the lake was covered with +dark fish, of which he caught some. This made him +wish to return to his village, and bring his people +to live near this lake. He sailed on, and towards +evening came to an island, where he stopped and ate +the fish.</p> + +<p>Next day he returned to the mainland, and, +while wandering along the shore, he encountered +a more powerful manito than himself, named +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> +Manabozho. Pauppukkeewis thought it best, after playing +him a trick, to keep out of his way. He again +thought of returning to his village, and, transforming +himself into a partridge, took his flight towards +it. In a short time he reached it, and his return +was welcomed with feasting and songs. He told +them of the lake and of the fish, and, telling them +that it would be easier for them to live there, persuaded +them all to remove. He immediately began +to lead them by short journeys, and all things turned +out as he had said.</p> + +<p>While the people lived there a messenger came +to Pauppukkeewis in the shape of a bear, and said +that the bear-chief wished to see him at once at +his village. Pauppukkeewis was ready in an instant, +and getting on the messenger’s back was carried away. +Towards evening they ascended a high mountain, +and came to a cave, in which the bear-chief lived. +He was a very large creature, and he made Pauppukkeewis +welcome, inviting him into his lodge.</p> + +<p>As soon as propriety allowed he spoke, and said +that he had sent for him because he had heard he was +the chief who was leading a large party towards his +hunting-grounds.</p> + +<p>“You must know,” said he, “that you have no +right there, and I wish you to leave the country +with your party, or else we must fight.”</p> + +<p>“Very well,” replied Pauppukkeewis, “so be it.”</p> + +<p>He did not wish to do anything without consulting +his people, and he saw that the bear-chief was raising +a war-party, so he said he would go back that +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> +night. The bear-king told him he might do as he +wished, and that one of the bears was at his command; +so Pauppukkeewis, jumping on its back, +rode home. Then he assembled the village, and told +the young men to kill the bear, make ready a feast, +and hang the head outside the village, for he knew +the bear spies would soon see it and carry the news +to their chief.</p> + +<p>Next morning Pauppukkeewis got all his young +warriors ready for the fight. After waiting one day, +the bear war-party came in sight, making a tremendous +noise. The bear-chief advanced, and said that +he did not wish to shed the blood of the young +warriors, but if Pauppukkeewis would consent they +two would run a race, and the winner should kill +the losing chief, and all the loser’s followers should +be the slaves of the other. Pauppukkeewis agreed, +and they ran before all the warriors. He was victor; +but not to terminate the race too quickly he gave +the bear-chief some specimens of his skill, forming +eddies and whirlwinds with the sand as he twisted +and turned about. As the bear-chief came to the +post Pauppukkeewis drove an arrow through him. +Having done this he told his young men to take +the bears and tie one at the door of each lodge, that +they might remain in future as slaves.</p> + +<p>After seeing that all was quiet and prosperous in +the village, Pauppukkeewis felt his desire for adventure +returning, so he took an affectionate leave of +his friends and people, and started off again. After +wandering a long time, he came to the lodge of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> +Manabozho, who was absent. Pauppukkeewis thought +he would play him a trick, so he turned everything +in the lodge upside down and killed his chickens. +Now Manabozho calls all the fowl of the air his +chickens, and among the number was a raven, the +meanest of birds, and him Pauppukkeewis killed +and hung up by the neck to insult Manabozho. He +then went on till he came to a very high point of +rocks running out into the lake, from the top of +which he could see the country as far as eye could +reach. While he sat there, Manabozho’s mountain +chickens flew round and past him in great numbers. +So, out of spite, he shot many of them, for his +arrows were sure and the birds many, and he amused +himself by throwing the birds down the precipice. +At length a wary bird called out—</p> + +<p>“Pauppukkeewis is killing us: go and tell our +father.”</p> + +<p>Away flew some of them, and Manabozho soon +made his appearance on the plain below.</p> + +<p>Pauppukkeewis slipped down the other side of the +mountain. Manabozho cried from the top—</p> + +<p>“The earth is not so large but I can get up to +you.”</p> + +<p>Off Pauppukkeewis ran and Manabozho after him. +He ran over hills and prairies with all his speed, but +his pursuer was still hard after him. Then he thought +of a shift. He stopped, and climbed a large pine-tree, +stripped it of all its green foliage, and threw it +to the winds. Then he ran on. When Manabozho +reached the tree, it called out to him—</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> +“Great Manabozho, give me my life again. Pauppukkeewis +has killed me.”</p> + +<p>“I will do so,” said Manabozho, and it took him +some time to gather the scattered foliage. Then he +resumed the chase. Pauppukkeewis repeated the +same trick with the hemlock, and with other trees, +for Manabozho would always stop to restore anything +that called upon him to give it life again. +By this means Pauppukkeewis kept ahead, but still +Manabozho was overtaking him when Pauppukkeewis +saw an elk. He asked it to take him on its +back, and this the animal did, and for a time he +made great progress. Still Manabozho was in sight. +Pauppukkeewis dismounted, and, coming to a large +sandstone rock, he broke it in pieces, and scattered +the grains. Manabozho was so close upon him at +this place that he had almost caught him, but the +foundation of the rock cried out—</p> + +<p>“Haye! Ne-me-sho! Pauppukkeewis has spoiled +me. Will you not restore me to life?”</p> + +<p>“Yes,” replied Manabozho, and he restored the +rock to its previous shape. He then pushed on in +pursuit of Pauppukkeewis, and had got so near as +to put out his arm to seize him, when Pauppukkeewis +dodged him, and raised such a dust and commotion +by whirlwinds, as to make the trees break, +and the sand and leaves dance in the air. Again +and again Manabozho’s hand was put out to catch +him, but he dodged him at every turn, and at last, +making a great dust, he dashed into a hollow tree, +which had been blown down, and, changing himself +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> +into a snake, crept out at its roots. Well that he did; +for at the moment Manabozho, who is Ogee-bau-ge-mon +(a species of lightning) struck the tree with all +his power, and shivered it to fragments. Pauppukkeewis +again took human shape, and again Manabozho, +pursuing him, pressed him hard.</p> + +<p>At a distance Pauppukkeewis saw a very high rock +jutting out into a lake, and he ran for the foot of +the precipice, which was abrupt and elevated. As he +came near, the manito of the rock opened his door +and told him to come in. No sooner was the door +closed than Manabozho knocked at it.</p> + +<p>“Open,” he cried in a loud voice.</p> + +<p>The manito was afraid of him, but said to his +guest—</p> + +<p>“Since I have sheltered you, I would sooner die +with you than open the door.”</p> + +<p>“Open,” Manabozho cried again.</p> + +<p>The manito was silent. Manabozho made no +attempt to force the door open. He waited a few +moments.</p> + +<p>“Very well,” said he, “I give you till night to +live.”</p> + +<p>The manito trembled, for he knew that when the +hour came he would be shut up under the earth.</p> + +<p>Night came, the clouds hung low and black, and +every moment the forked lightning flashed from +them. The black clouds advanced slowly and threw +their dark shadows afar, and behind was heard the +rumbling noise of the coming thunder. When the +clouds were gathered over the rock the thunders +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> +roared, the lightning flashed, the ground shook, and +the solid rock split, tottered, and fell. Under the +ruins lay crushed the mortal bodies of Pauppukkeewis +and the manito.</p> + +<p>It was only then that Pauppukkeewis found that +he was really dead. He had been killed before in the +shapes of different animals, but now his body, in +human shape, was crushed.</p> + +<p>Manabozho came and took his jee-bi, or spirit. +“You,” said he to Pauppukkeewis, “shall not be again +permitted to live on the earth. I will give you the +shape of the war-eagle, and you shall be the chief of +all birds, and your duty shall be to watch over their +destinies.”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE DISCOVERY OF THE UPPER WORLD.</h2> + + +<p>The Minnatarees, and all the other Indians who are +not of the stock of the grandfather of nations, +were once not of this upper air, but dwelt in the +bowels of the earth. The Good Spirit, when he +made them, meant, no doubt, at a proper time to +put them in enjoyment of all the good things which +he had prepared for them upon earth, but he ordered +that their first stage of existence should be within +it. They all dwelt underground, like moles, in one +great cavern. When they emerged it was in different +places, but generally near where they now inhabit. +At that time few of the Indian tribes wore the +human form. Some had the figures or semblances +of beasts. The Paukunnawkuts were rabbits, some +of the Delawares were ground-hogs, others tortoises, +and the Tuscaroras, and a great many others, were +rattlesnakes. The Sioux were the hissing-snakes, +but the Minnatarees were always men. Their part +of the great cavern was situated far towards the +mountains of snow.</p> + +<p>The great cavern in which the Indians dwelt was +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> +indeed a dark and dismal region. In the country of +the Minnatarees it was lighted up only by the rays +of the sun which strayed through the fissures of the +rock and the crevices in the roof of the cavern, while +in that of the Mengwe all was dark and sunless. +The life of the Indians was a life of misery compared +with that they now enjoy, and it was endured only +because they were ignorant of a fairer or richer +world, or a better or happier state of being.</p> + +<p>There were among the Minnatarees two boys, +who, from the hour of their birth, showed superior +wisdom, sagacity, and cunning. Even while they +were children they were wiser than their fathers. +They asked their parents whence the light came +which streamed through the fissures of the rock and +played along the sides of the cavern, and whence +and from what descended the roots of the great vine. +Their father could not tell them, and their mother +only laughed at the question, which appeared to her +very foolish. They asked the priest, but he could +not tell them; but he said he supposed the light +came from the eyes of some great wolf. The boys +asked the king tortoise, who sulkily drew his head +into his shell, and made no answer. When they +asked the chief rattlesnake, he answered that he +knew, and would tell them all about it if they would +promise to make peace with his tribe, and on no +account kill one of his descendants. The boys promised, +and the chief rattlesnake then told them that +there was a world above them, a beautiful world, +peopled by creatures in the shape of beasts, having +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> +a pure atmosphere and a soft sky, sweet fruits and +mellow water, well-stocked hunting-grounds and well-filled +lakes. He told them to ascend by the roots, +which were those of a great grape-vine. A while +after the boys were missing; nor did they come back +till the Minnatarees had celebrated their death, and +the lying priest had, as he falsely said, in a vision +seen them inhabitants of the land of spirits.</p> + +<p>The Indians were surprised by the return of the +boys. They came back singing and dancing, and +were grown so much, and looked so different from +what they did when they left the cavern, that their +father and mother scarcely knew them. They were +sleek and fat, and when they walked it was with so +strong a step that the hollow space rang with the +sound of their feet. They were covered with the +skins of animals, and had blankets of the skins of +racoons and beavers. They described to the Indians +the pleasures of the upper world, and the people +were delighted with their story. At length they +resolved to leave their dull residence underground +for the upper regions. All agreed to this except +the ground-hog, the badger, and the mole, who said, +as they had been put where they were, they would +live and die there. The rabbit said he would live +sometimes above and sometimes below.</p> + +<p>When the Indians had determined to leave their +habitations underground, the Minnatarees began, +men, women, and children, to clamber up the vine, +and one-half of them had already reached the surface +of the earth, when a dire mishap involved the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> +remainder in a still more desolate captivity within +its bowels.</p> + +<p>There was among them a very fat old woman, +who was heavier than any six of her nation. Nothing +would do but she must go up before some +of her neighbours. Away she clambered, but her +weight was so great that the vine broke with it, +and the opening, to which it afforded the sole means +of ascending, closed upon her and the rest of her +nation.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BOY WHO SNARED THE SUN.</h2> + + +<p>At the time when the animals reigned on the earth +they had killed all but a girl and her little brother, +and these two were living in fear and seclusion. +The boy was a perfect pigmy, never growing beyond +the stature of a small infant, but the girl increased +with her years, so that the labour of providing food +and lodging devolved wholly on her. She went out +daily to get wood for their lodge fire, and took her +brother with her so that no accident might happen +to him, for he was too little to leave alone—a big +bird might have flown away with him. She made +him a bow and arrows, and said to him one winter +day—</p> + +<p>“I will leave you behind where I have been +chopping; you must hide yourself, and you will see +the gitshee-gitshee-gaun ai see-ug, or snow-birds, +come and pick the worms out of the wood, where I +have been chopping. Shoot one of them and bring +it home.”</p> + +<p>He obeyed her, and tried his best to kill one, but +came home unsuccessful. She told him he must not +despair, but try again the next day. She accordingly +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> +left him at the place where she got wood and +returned home. Towards nightfall she heard his +footsteps on the snow, and he came in exultingly, +and threw down one of the birds he had killed.</p> + +<p>“My sister,” said he, “I wish you to skin it and +stretch the skin, and when I have killed more I will +have a coat made out of them.”</p> + +<p>“What shall we do with the body?” asked she, +for as yet men had not begun to eat animal food, +but lived on vegetables alone.</p> + +<p>“Cut it in two,” he answered, “and season our +pottage with one-half of it at a time.”</p> + +<p>She did so. The boy continued his efforts, and +succeeded in killing ten birds, out of the skins of +which his sister made him a little coat.</p> + +<p>“Sister,” said he one day, “are we all alone in +the world? Is there nobody else living?”</p> + +<p>His sister told him that they two alone remained; +that the beings who had killed all their relations +lived in a certain quarter, and that he must by no +means go in that direction. This only served to +inflame his curiosity and raise his ambition, and he +soon after took his bow and arrows and went to seek +the beings of whom his sister had told him. After +walking a long time and meeting nothing he became +tired, and lay down on a knoll where the sun had +melted the snow. He fell fast asleep, and while +sleeping the sun beat so hot upon him that it singed +and drew up his birdskin coat, so that when he +awoke and stretched himself, he felt, as it were, bound +in it. He looked down and saw the damage done, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> +and then he flew into a passion, upbraided the sun, +and vowed vengeance against it.</p> + +<p>“Do not think you are too high,” said he; “I +shall revenge myself.”</p> + +<p>On coming home he related his disaster to his +sister, and lamented bitterly the spoiling of his coat. +He would not eat. He lay down as one that fasts, +and did not stir or move his position for ten days, +though his sister did all she could to arouse him. +At the end of ten days he turned over, and then lay +ten days on the other side. Then he got up and +told his sister to make him a snare, for he meant to +catch the sun. At first she said she had nothing, +but finally she remembered a little piece of dried +deer’s sinew that her father had left, and this she +soon made into a string suitable for a noose. The +moment, however, she showed it to her brother, he +told her it would not do, and bade her get something +else. She said she had nothing—nothing at all. At +last she thought of her hair, and pulling some of it +out made a string. Her brother again said it +would not answer, and bade her, pettishly, and with +authority, make him a noose. She replied that +there was nothing to make it of, and went out of +the lodge. When she was all alone she said—</p> + +<p>“Neow obewy indapin.”</p> + +<p>Meanwhile her brother awaited her, and it was not +long before she reappeared with some tiny cord. +The moment he saw it he was delighted.</p> + +<p>“This will do,” he cried, and he put the cord to +his mouth and began pulling it through his lips, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> +as fast as he drew it changed to a red metal cord of +prodigious length, which he wound around his body +and shoulders. He then prepared himself, and set +out a little after midnight that he might catch the +sun before it rose. He fixed his snare on a spot just +where he thought the sun would appear; and sure +enough he caught it, so that it was held fast in the +cord and could not rise.</p> + +<p>The animals who ruled the earth were immediately +put into a great commotion. They had no light. +They called a council to debate the matter, and to +appoint some one to go and cut the cord—a very +hazardous enterprise, for who dare go so near to the +sun as would be necessary? The dormouse, however, +undertook the task. At that time the dormouse +was the largest animal in the world; when it stood +up it looked like a mountain. It set out upon its +mission, and, when it got to the place where the sun +lay snared, its back began to smoke and burn, so +intense was the heat, and the top of its carcass was +reduced to enormous heaps of ashes. It succeeded, +however, in cutting the cord with its teeth and freed +the sun, but was reduced to a very small size, and +has remained so ever since. Men call it the Kug-e-been-gwa-kwa.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE MAID IN THE BOX.</h2> + + +<p>There once lived a woman called Monedo Kway +(female spirit or prophetess) on the sand mountains, +called The Sleeping Bear of Lake Michigan, who had +a daughter as beautiful as she was modest and +discreet. Everybody spoke of her beauty, and she +was so handsome that her mother feared she would +be carried off, so to prevent it she put her in a box, +which she pushed into the middle of the lake. The +box was tied by a long string to a stake on shore, +and every morning the mother pulled the box to +land, and, taking her daughter out of it, combed her +hair, gave her food, and then putting her again in +the box, set her afloat on the lake.</p> + +<p>One day it chanced that a handsome young man +came to the spot at the moment the girl was being +thus attended to by her mother. He was struck +with her beauty, and immediately went home and +told his love to his uncle, who was a great chief and +a powerful magician.</p> + +<p>“My nephew,” replied the old man, “go to the +mother’s lodge and sit down in a modest manner +without saying a word. You need not ask her a +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> +question, for whatever you think she will understand, +and what she thinks in answer you will understand.”</p> + +<p>The young man did as he was bid. He entered +the woman’s lodge and sat with his head bent down +in a thoughtful manner, without uttering a word. +He then thought—</p> + +<p>“I wish she would give me her daughter.” Very +soon he understood the mother’s thoughts in reply.</p> + +<p>“Give you my daughter!” thought she. “You! +no, indeed! my daughter shall never marry you!”</p> + +<p>The young man went away and reported the result +to his uncle.</p> + +<p>“Woman without good sense!” exclaimed the old +man. “Who is she keeping her daughter for? Does +she think she will marry the Mudjikewis (a term +indicating the heir or successor to the first in power)? +Proud heart! We will try her magic skill, and see +whether she can withstand our power.”</p> + +<p>He forthwith set himself to work, and in a short +time the pride and haughtiness of the mother was +made known to all the spirits on that part of the +lake, and they met together and resolved to exert +their power to humble her. To do this they determined +to raise a great storm on the lake. The water +began to roar and toss, and the tempest became so +severe that the string holding the box broke, and it +floated off through the straits down Lake Huron, +and struck against the sandy shores at its outlet. +The place where it struck was near the lodge of a +decayed old magician called Ishkwon Daimeka, or +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> +the keeper of the gate of the lakes. He opened the +box and let out the beautiful daughter, whom he +took into his lodge and made his wife.</p> + +<p>When her mother found that her daughter had +been carried off by the storm, she raised loud cries +and lamented exceedingly. This she continued to +do for a long time, and would not be comforted. At +last the spirits began to pity her, and determined to +raise another storm to bring the daughter back. +This was even a greater storm than the first. The +water of the lake washed away the ground, and +swept on to the lodge of Ishkwon Daimeka, whose +wife, when she saw the flood approaching, leaped +into the box, and the waves, carrying her off, landed +her at the very spot where was her mother’s lodge.</p> + +<p>Monedo Kway was overjoyed, but when she opened +the box she found her daughter, indeed, but her +beauty had almost all departed. However, she loved +her still, because she was her daughter, and now +thought of the young man who had come to seek +her in marriage. She sent a formal message to him, +but he had heard of all that had occurred, and his +love for the girl had died away.</p> + +<p>“I marry your daughter!” replied he. “Your +daughter! no, indeed! I shall never marry her!”</p> + +<p>The storm that brought the girl back was so +strong that it tore away a large part of the shore of +the lake and swept off Ishkwon Daimeka’s lodge, +the fragments of which, lodging in the straits, formed +those beautiful islands which are scattered in the +St. Clair and Detroit rivers. As to Ishkwon +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> +Daimeka himself, he was drowned, and his bones +lie buried under the islands. As he was carried +away by the waves on a fragment of his lodge, +the old man was heard lamenting his fate in a +song.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE SPIRITS AND THE LOVERS.</h2> + + +<p>At the distance of a woman’s walk of a day from +the mouth of the river, called by the pale-faces the +Whitestone, in the country of the Sioux, in the +middle of a large plain, stands a lofty hill or mound. +Its wonderful roundness, together with the circumstance +of its standing apart from all other hills, like +a fir-tree in the midst of a wide prairie, or a man +whose friends and kindred have all descended to the +dust, has made it known to all the tribes of the +West. Whether it was created by the Great Spirit +or filled up by the sons of men, whether it was done +in the morning of the world, ask not me, for I cannot +tell you. Know it is called by all the tribes of +the land the Hill of Little People, or the Mountain +of Little Spirits. No gifts can induce an Indian to +visit it; for why should he incur the anger of the +Little People who dwell in it, and, sacrificed upon +the fire of their wrath, behold his wife and children +no more? In all the marches and counter-marches +of the Indians, in all their goings and returnings, +in all their wanderings by day or by night to and +from lands which lie beyond it, their paths are so +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> +ordered that none approaches near enough to disturb +the tiny inhabitants of the hill. The memory of the +red-man of the forest has preserved but one instance +when their privacy was violated, since it was known +through the tribes that they wished for no intercourse +with mortals. Before that time many Indians +were missing each year. No one knew what became +of them, but they were gone, and left no trace nor +story behind. Valiant warriors filled their quivers +with arrows, put new strings to their bows, new shod +their moccasins, and sallied out to acquire glory in +combat; but there was no wailing in the camp of our +foes: their arrows were not felt, their shouts were +not heard. Yet they fell not by the hands of our +foes, but perished we know not how.</p> + +<p>Many seasons ago there lived within the limits of +the great council-fire of the Mahas a chief who was +renowned for his valour and victories in the field, +his wisdom in the council, his dexterity and success +in the chase. His name was Mahtoree, or the White +Crane. He was celebrated throughout the vast +regions of the West, from the Mississippi to the +Hills of the Serpent, from the Missouri to the Plains +of Bitter Frost, for all those qualities which render +an Indian warrior famous and feared.</p> + +<p>In one of the war expeditions of the Pawnee +Mahas against the Burntwood Tetons, it was the +good fortune of the former to overcome and to make +many prisoners—men, women, and children. One +of the captives, Sakeajah, or the Bird-Girl, a beautiful +creature in the morning of life, after being adopted +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> +into one of the Mahas families, became the wife of +the chief warrior of the nation. Great was the love +which the White Crane had for his wife, and it +grew yet stronger when she had brought him four +sons and a daughter, Tatokah, or the Antelope. +She was beautiful. Her skin was fair, her eyes were +large and bright as those of the bison-ox, and her +hair black, and braided with beads, brushed, as she +walked, the dew from the flowers upon the prairies. +Her temper was gentle and her voice sweet.</p> + +<p>It may not be doubted that the beautiful Tatokah +had many lovers; but the heart of the maiden was +touched by none of the noble youths who sought +her. She bade them all depart as they came; she +rejected them all. With the perverseness which is +often seen among women, she had placed her affections +upon a youth who had distinguished himself +by no valiant deeds in war, nor by industry or dexterity +in the chase. His name had never reached +the surrounding nations. His own nation knew +him not, unless as a weak and imbecile man. He +was poor in everything which constitutes the riches +of Indian life. Who had heard the twanging of +Karkapaha’s bow in the retreat of the bear, or who +had beheld the war-paint on his cheek or brow? +Where were the scalps or the prisoners that betokened +his valour or daring? No song of valiant +exploits had been heard from his lips, for he had +none to boast of—if he had done aught becoming a +man, he had done it when none was by. The +beautiful Tatokah, who knew and lamented the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> +deficiencies of her lover, strove long to conquer her +passion without success. At length, since her father +would not agree to her union with her lover, the +two agreed to fly together. The night fixed came, +and they left the village of the Mahas and the lodge +of Mahtoree for the wilderness.</p> + +<p>Their flight was not unmarked, and when the +father was made acquainted with the disgrace which +had befallen him, he called his young men around +him, and bade them pursue the fugitives, promising +his daughter to whomsoever should slay the Karkapaha. +Immediately pursuit was made, and soon a +hundred eager youths were on the track of the +hapless pair. With that unerring skill and sagacity +in discovering footprints which mark their race, +their steps were tracked, and themselves soon discovered +flying. What was the surprise of the pursuers +when they found that the path taken by the +hapless pair would carry them to the mountain of +little spirits, and that they were sufficiently in advance +to reach it before they could be overtaken. +None of them durst venture within the supposed +limits, and they halted till the White Crane should +be informed of his daughter and her lover having +placed themselves under the protection of the +spirits.</p> + +<p>In the meantime the lovers pursued their journey +towards the fearful residence of the little people. +Despair lent them courage to perform an act to which +the stoutest Indian resolution had hitherto been +unequal. They determined to tell their tale to the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> +spirits and ask their protection. They were within +a few feet of the hill when, on a sudden, its brow, +on which no object had till now been visible, +became covered with little people, the tallest of +whom was not higher than the knee of the maiden, +while many of them—but these were children—were +of lower stature than the squirrel. Their voice was +sharp and quick, like the barking of the prairie dog. +A little wing came out at each shoulder; each had +a single eye, which eye was to the right in the men, +and to the left in the women, and their feet stood +out at each side. They were armed like Indians, +with tomahawks, spears, bows, and arrows. He +who appeared to be the head chief—for he wore an +air of command, and had the eagle feather—came up +to the fugitives and said—</p> + +<p>“Why have you invaded the village of our race +whose wrath has been so fatal to your people? +How dare you venture within the limits of our residence? +Know you not that your lives are forfeited?”</p> + +<p>Tatokah, for her lover had less than the heart of a +doe and was speechless, related their story. She +told them how they had loved, how wroth her +father had been, how they had stolen away and +been pursued, and concluded her tale of sorrow with +a flood of tears. The little man who wore the eagle +feather appeared moved by what she said, and +calling around him a large number of men, who +were doubtless the chiefs and counsellors of the +nation, a long consultation took place. The result +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> +was a determination to favour and protect the +lovers.</p> + +<p>At this moment Shongotongo, or the Big Horse, +one of the braves whom Mahtoree had despatched +in quest of his daughter, appeared in view in pursuit +of the fugitives. It was not till Mahtoree had +taxed his courage that Big Horse had ventured on +the perilous quest. He approached with the +strength of heart and singleness of purpose which +accompany an Indian warrior who deems the eyes +of his nation upon him. When first the brave was +discovered thus wantonly, and with no other purpose +but the shedding of blood, intruding on the +dominions of the spirits, no words can tell the rage +which appeared to possess their bosoms. Secure in +the knowledge of their power to repel the attacks +of every living thing, the intrepid Maha was permitted +to advance within a few steps of Karkapaha. +He had just raised his spear to strike the unmanly +lover, when, all at once, he found himself riveted to +the ground. His feet refused to move, his hands +hung powerless at his side, his tongue refused +to utter a word. The bow and arrow fell from +his hand, and his spear lay powerless. A little +child, not so high as the fourth leaf of the thistle, +came and spat on him, and a company of the spirits +danced around him singing a taunting song. When +they had thus finished their task of preparatory +torture, a thousand little spirits drew their bows, +and a thousand arrows pierced his heart. In a +moment innumerable mattocks were employed in +preparing him a grave, and he was hidden from the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> +eyes of the living ere Tatokah could have thrice +counted over the fingers of her hand.</p> + +<p>When this was done, the chief of the little spirits +called Karkapaha before him, and said—</p> + +<p>“Maha, you have the heart of a doe. You would +fly from a roused wren. We have not spared you +because you deserve to be spared, but because the +maiden loves you. It is for this purpose that we +will give you the heart of a man, that you may +return to the village of the Mahas, and find favour +in the eyes of Mahtoree and the braves of the +nation. We will take away your cowardly spirit, +and will give you the spirit of the warrior whom we +slew, whose heart was firm as a rock. Sleep, man +of little soul, and wake to be better worthy the love +of the beautiful Antelope.”</p> + +<p>Then a deep sleep came over the Maha lover. +How long he slept he knew not, but when he woke +he felt at once that a change had taken place in his +feelings and temper. The first thought that came +to his mind was of a bow and arrow, the second was +of the beautiful maiden who lay sleeping at his side. +The little spirits had disappeared—not a solitary +being of the many thousands who, but a few +minutes before, had filled the air with their discordant +cries was now to be seen or heard. At the +feet of Karkapaha lay a tremendous bow, larger +than any warrior ever yet used, a sheaf of arrows of +proportionate size, and a spear of a weight which no +Maha could wield. Karkapaha drew the bow as an +Indian boy bends a willow twig, and the spear +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> +seemed in his hand but a reed or a feather. The +shrill war-whoop burst unconsciously from his lips, +and his nostrils seemed dilated with the fire and +impatience of a newly-awakened courage. The +heart of the fond Indian girl dissolved in tears when +she saw these proofs of strength and these evidences +of spirit which, she knew, if they were coupled with +valour—and how could she doubt the completeness +of the gift to effect the purposes of the giver?—would +thaw the iced feelings of her father and tune +his heart to the song of forgiveness. Yet it was not +without many fears, tears, and misgivings on the +part of the maiden that they began their journey to +the Mahas village. The lover, now a stranger to +fear, used his endeavours to quiet the beautiful +Tatokah, and in some measure succeeded. Upon +finding that his daughter and her lover had gone to +the Hill of the Spirits, and that Shongotongo did +not return from his perilous adventure, the chief of +the Mahas had recalled his braves from the pursuit, +and was listening to the history of the pair, as far as +the returned warriors were acquainted with it, when +his daughter and her lover made their appearance. +With a bold and fearless step the once faint-hearted +Karkapaha walked up to the offended father, and, +folding his arms upon his breast, stood erect as a +pine, and motionless as that tree when the winds of +the earth are chained. It was the first time that +Karkapaha had ever looked on angry men without +trembling, and a demeanour so unusual in him +excited universal surprise.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> +“Karkapaha is a thief,” said the White Crane.</p> + +<p>“It is the father of Tatokah that says it,” answered +the lover, “else would Karkapaha say it was the +song of a bird that has flown over.”</p> + +<p>“My warriors say it.”</p> + +<p>“Your warriors are singing-birds; they are wrens. +Karkapaha says they do not speak the truth. Karkapaha +has a brave heart and the strength of a bear. +Let the braves try him. He has thrown away the +woman’s heart, and become a man.”</p> + +<p>“Karkapaha is changed,” said the chief thoughtfully, +“but how and when?”</p> + +<p>“The Little Spirits of the mountain have given +him a new soul. Bid your braves draw this bow. +Bid them poise this spear. Their eyes say they can +do neither. Then is Karkapaha the strong man of +his tribe?” As he said this he flourished the ponderous +spear over his head as a man would poise a +reed, and drew the bow as a child would bend a +twig.</p> + +<p>“Karkapaha is the husband of Tatokah,” said +Mahtoree, springing to his feet, and he gave the +maiden to her lover.</p> + +<p>The traditionary lore of the Mahas is full of the +exploits, both in war and in the chase, of Karkapaha, +who was made a man by the Spirits of the Mountain.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE WONDERFUL ROD.</h2> + + +<p>The Choctaws had for many years found a home in +regions beyond the Mountains of Snow, far away to +the west of the Mississippi. They, however, decided, +for some reason or other, to leave the place in which +they dwelt, and the question then arose in what +direction they should journey. Now, there was a +jossakeed (priest) who had a wonderful rod, and +he said that he would lead them.</p> + +<p>For many years, therefore, they travelled, being +guided by him. He walked before them bearing +the rod, and when night was come he put it upright +in the earth, and the people encamped round it. In +the morning they looked to see in what direction +the rod pointed, for each night the rod left its +upright position, and inclined one way or another. +Day after day the rod was found pointing to the +east, and thither the Choctaws accordingly bent +their steps.</p> + +<p>“You must travel,” said the jossakeed, “as long +as the rod directs you pointing to the direction in +which you must go, but when the rod ceases to +point, and stands upright, then you must live +there.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> +So the people went on until they came to a hill, +where they camped, having first put up the rod so +that it did not lean at all. In the morning, when +they went to see which direction the rod pointed +out for them to take, they found it upright, and +from it there grew branches bearing green leaves. +Then they said—</p> + +<p>“We will stop here.”</p> + +<p>So that became the centre of the land of the +Choctaws.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE FUNERAL FIRE.</h2> + + +<p>For several nights after the interment of a Chippewa +a fire is kept burning upon the grave. This +fire is lit in the evening, and carefully supplied with +small sticks of dry wood, to keep up a bright but +small fire. It is kept burning for several hours, +generally until the usual hour of retiring to rest, and +then suffered to go out. The fire is renewed for four +nights, and sometimes for longer. The person who +performs this pious office is generally a near relative +of the deceased, or one who has been long intimate +with him. The following tale is related as showing +the origin of the custom.</p> + +<p>A small war party of Chippewas encountered +their enemies upon an open plain, where a severe +battle was fought. Their leader was a brave and +distinguished warrior, but he never acted with +greater bravery, or more distinguished himself by +personal prowess, than on this occasion. After turning +the tide of battle against his enemies, while +shouting for victory, he received an arrow in his +breast, and fell upon the plain. No warrior thus +killed is ever buried, and according to ancient +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> +custom, the chief was placed in a sitting posture +upon the field, his back supported by a tree, and +his face turned towards the direction in which his +enemies had fled. His headdress and equipment +were accurately adjusted as if he were living, and +his bow leaned against his shoulder. In this posture +his companions left him. That he was dead appeared +evident to all, but a strange thing had happened. +Although deprived of speech and motion, +the chief heard distinctly all that was said by his +friends. He heard them lament his death without +having the power to contradict it, and he felt their +touch as they adjusted his posture, without having +the power to reciprocate it. His anguish, when he +felt himself thus abandoned, was extreme, and his +wish to follow his friends on their return home so +completely filled his mind, as he saw them one after +another take leave of him and depart, that with a +terrible effort he arose and followed them. His +form, however, was invisible to them, and this aroused +in him surprise, disappointment, and rage, which by +turns took possession of him. He followed their +track, however, with great diligence. Wherever +they went he went, when they walked he walked, +when they ran he ran, when they encamped he +stopped with them, when they slept he slept, when +they awoke he awoke. In short, he mingled in all +their labours and toils, but he was excluded from all +their sources of refreshment, except that of sleeping, +and from the pleasures of participating in their conversation, +for all that he said received no notice.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> +“Is it possible,” he cried, “that you do not see +me, that you do not hear me, that you do not understand +me? Will you suffer me to bleed to death +without offering to stanch my wounds? Will you +permit me to starve while you eat around me? Have +those whom I have so often led to war so soon forgotten +me? Is there no one who recollects me, or +who will offer me a morsel of food in my distress?”</p> + +<p>Thus he continued to upbraid his friends at every +stage of the journey, but no one seemed to hear his +words. If his voice was heard at all, it was mistaken +for the rustling of the leaves in the wind.</p> + +<p>At length the returning party reached their village, +and their women and children came out, according +to custom, to welcome their return and proclaim +their praises.</p> + +<p>“Kumaudjeewug! Kumaudjeewug! Kumaudjeewug! +they have met, fought, and conquered!” was +shouted by every mouth, and the words resounded +through the most distant parts of the village. Those +who had lost friends came eagerly to inquire their +fate, and to know whether they had died like men. +The aged father consoled himself for the loss of his +son with the reflection that he had fallen manfully, +and the widow half forgot her sorrow amid the +praises that were uttered of the bravery of her husband. +The hearts of the youths glowed with martial +ardour as they heard these flattering praises, and +the children joined in the shouts, of which they +scarcely knew the meaning. Amidst all this uproar +and bustle no one seemed conscious of the presence +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> +of the warrior-chief. He heard many inquiries made +respecting his fate. He heard his companions tell +how he had fought, conquered, and fallen, pierced +by an arrow through his breast, and how he had +been left behind among the slain on the field of +battle.</p> + +<p>“It is not true,” declared the angry chief, “that +I was killed and left upon the field! I am here. I +live; I move; see me; touch me. I shall again +raise my spear in battle, and take my place in the +feast.”</p> + +<p>Nobody, however, seemed conscious of his presence, +and his voice was mistaken for the whispering +of the wind.</p> + +<p>He now walked to his own lodge, and there he +found his wife tearing her hair and lamenting over +his fate. He endeavoured to undeceive her, but she, +like the others, appeared to be insensible of his presence, +and not to hear his voice. She sat in a +despairing manner, with her head reclining on her +hands. The chief asked her to bind up his wounds, +but she made no reply. He placed his mouth close +to her ear and shouted—</p> + +<p>“I am hungry, give me some food!”</p> + +<p>The wife thought she heard a buzzing in her ear, +and remarked it to one who sat by. The enraged +husband now summoning all his strength, struck her +a blow on the forehead. His wife raised her hand to +her head, and said to her friend—</p> + +<p>“I feel a slight shooting pain in my head.”</p> + +<p>Foiled thus in every attempt to make himself +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> +known, the warrior-chief began to reflect upon what +he had heard in his youth, to the effect that the +spirit was sometimes permitted to leave the body +and wander about. He concluded that possibly his +body might have remained upon the field of battle, +while his spirit only accompanied his returning +friends. He determined to return to the field, +although it was four days’ journey away. He accordingly +set out upon his way. For three days he +pursued his way without meeting anything uncommon; +but on the fourth, towards evening, as he +came to the skirts of the battlefield, he saw a fire in +the path before him. He walked to one side to +avoid stepping into it, but the fire also changed its +position, and was still before him. He then went +in another direction, but the mysterious fire still +crossed his path, and seemed to bar his entrance to +the scene of the conflict. In short, whichever way +he took, the fire was still before him,—no expedient +seemed to avail him.</p> + +<p>“Thou demon!” he exclaimed at length, “why +dost thou bar my approach to the field of battle? +Knowest thou not that I am a spirit also, and that I +seek again to enter my body? Dost thou presume +that I shall return without effecting my object? +Know that I have never been defeated by the +enemies of my nation, and will not be defeated by +thee!”</p> + +<p>So saying, he made a sudden effort and jumped +through the flame. No sooner had he done so than +he found himself sitting on the ground, with his +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> +back supported by a tree, his bow leaning against +his shoulder, all his warlike dress and arms upon +his body, just as they had been left by his friends +on the day of battle. Looking up he beheld a large +canicu, or war eagle, sitting in the tree above his +head. He immediately recognised this bird to be +the same as he had once dreamt of in his youth—the +one he had chosen as his guardian spirit, or personal +manito. This eagle had carefully watched +his body and prevented other ravenous birds from +touching it.</p> + +<p>The chief got up and stood upon his feet, but he +felt himself weak and much exhausted. The blood +upon his wound had stanched itself, and he now +bound it up. He possessed a knowledge of such +roots as have healing properties, and these he carefully +sought in the woods. Having found some, he +pounded some of them between stones and applied +them externally. Others he chewed and swallowed. +In a short time he found himself so much recovered +as to be able to commence his journey, but he suffered +greatly from hunger, not seeing any large +animals that he might kill. However, he succeeded +in killing some small birds with his bow and arrow, +and these he roasted before a fire at night.</p> + +<p>In this way he sustained himself until he came +to a river that separated his wife and friends from +him. He stood upon the bank and gave that peculiar +whoop which is a signal of the return of a friend. +The sound was immediately heard, and a canoe was +despatched to bring him over, and in a short time, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> +amidst the shouts of his friends and relations, who +thronged from every side to see the arrival, the +warrior-chief was landed.</p> + +<p>When the first wild bursts of wonder and joy had +subsided, and some degree of quiet had been restored +to the village, he related to his people the +account of his adventures. He concluded his narrative +by telling them that it is pleasing to the spirit +of a deceased person to have a fire built upon the +grave for four nights after his burial; that it is four +days’ journey to the land appointed for the residence +of the spirits; that in its journey thither the spirit +stands in need of a fire every night at the place of +its encampment; and that if the friends kindle this +fire upon the spot where the body is laid, the spirit +has the benefit of its light and warmth on its path, +while if the friends neglect to do this, the spirit is +subjected to the irksome task of making its own fire +each night.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE LEGEND OF O-NA-WUT-A-QUT-O.</h2> + + +<p>A long time ago there lived an aged Odjibwa and +his wife on the shores of Lake Huron. They had +an only son, a very beautiful boy, named O-na-wut-a-qut-o, +or He that catches the clouds. The family +were of the totem of the beaver. The parents were +very proud of their son, and wished to make him a +celebrated man; but when he reached the proper +age he would not submit to the We-koon-de-win, or +fast. When this time arrived they gave him charcoal +instead of his breakfast, but he would not +blacken his face. If they denied him food he sought +bird’s eggs along the shore, or picked up the heads +of fish that had been cast away, and broiled them. +One day they took away violently the food he had +prepared, and cast him some coals in place of it. +This act decided him. He took the coals and blackened +his face and went out of the lodge. He did +not return, but lay down without to sleep. As he +lay, a very beautiful girl came down from the clouds +and stood by his side.</p> + +<p>“O-na-wut-a-qut-o,” she said, “I am come for you. +Follow in my footsteps.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> +The young man rose and did as he was bid. Presently +he found himself ascending above the tops of +the trees, and gradually he mounted up step by step +into the air, and through the clouds. At length +his guide led him through an opening, and he found +himself standing with her on a beautiful plain.</p> + +<p>A path led to a splendid lodge, into which O-na-wut-a-qut-o +followed his guide. It was large, and +divided into two parts. At one end he saw bows +and arrows, clubs and spears, and various warlike +instruments tipped with silver. At the other end +were things exclusively belonging to women. This +was the house of his fair guide, and he saw that she +had on a frame a broad rich belt of many colours +that she was weaving.</p> + +<p>“My brother is coming,” she said, “and I must +hide you.”</p> + +<p>Putting him in one corner she spread the belt over +him, and presently the brother came in very richly +dressed, and shining as if he had points of silver all +over him. He took down from the wall a splendid +pipe, and a bag in which was a-pa-ko-ze-gun, or +smoking mixture. When he had finished smoking, +he laid his pipe aside, and said to his sister—</p> + +<p>“Nemissa,” (elder sister) “when will you quit these +practices? Do you forget that the greatest of the +spirits has commanded that you shall not take away +the children from below? Perhaps you think you +have concealed O-na-wut-a-qut-o, but do I not know +of his coming? If you would not offend me, send +him back at once.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> +These words did not, however, alter his sister’s +purpose. She would not send him back, and her +brother, finding that she was determined, called O-na-wut-a-qut-o +from his hiding-place.</p> + +<p>“Come out of your concealment,” said he, “and +walk about and amuse yourself. You will grow +hungry if you remain there.”</p> + +<p>At these words O-na-wut-a-qut-o came forth from +under the belt, and the brother presented a bow and +arrows, with a pipe of red stone, richly ornamented, +to him. In this way he gave his consent to O-na-wut-a-qut-o’s +marriage with his sister, and from that +time the youth and the girl became husband and +wife.</p> + +<p>O-na-wut-a-qut-o found everything exceedingly +fair and beautiful around him, but he found no other +people besides his wife and her brother. There were +flowers on the plains, there were bright and sparkling +streams, there were green valleys and pleasant +trees, there were gay birds and beautiful animals, +very different from those he had been accustomed +to. There was also day and night as on the earth, +but he observed that every morning the brother +regularly left the lodge and remained absent all day, +and every evening his sister departed, but generally +for only a part of the night.</p> + +<p>O-na-wut-a-qut-o was curious to solve this mystery, +and obtained the brother’s consent to accompany +him in one of his daily journeys. They +travelled over a smooth plain which seemed to +stretch to illimitable distances all around. At +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> +length O-na-wut-a-qut-o felt the gnawings of hunger +and asked his companion if there was no game +about.</p> + +<p>“Patience, my brother,” replied he; “we shall +soon reach the spot where I eat my dinner, and you +will then see how I am provided.”</p> + +<p>After walking on a long time they came to a place +where several fine mats were spread, and there they +sat down to refresh themselves. At this place there +was a hole in the sky and O-na-wut-a-qut-o, at his +companion’s request, looked through it down upon +the earth. He saw below the great lakes and the +villages of the Indians. In one place he saw a war-party +stealing on the camp of their enemies. In +another he saw feasting and dancing. On a green +plain some young men were playing at ball, and +along the banks of a stream were women employed +in gathering the a-puk-wa for mats.</p> + +<p>“Do you see,” asked the brother, “that group of +children playing beside a lodge? Observe that +beautiful and active lad,” said he, at the same time +darting something from his hand. The child immediately +fell on the ground, and was carried by his +companions into the lodge.</p> + +<p>O-na-wut-a-qut-o and his companion watched and +saw the people below gathering about the lodge. +They listened to the she-she-gwau of the meeta, to +the song he sang asking that the child’s life might +be spared. To this request O-na-wut-a-qut-o’s companion +made answer—</p> + +<p>“Send me up the sacrifice of a white dog.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> +A feast was immediately ordered by the parents +of the child. The white dog was killed, his carcass +was roasted, all the wise men and medicine-men of +the village assembling to witness the ceremony.</p> + +<p>“There are many below,” said O-na-wut-a-qut-o’s +companion, “whom you call great in medical skill. +They are so, because their ears are open; and they +are able to succeed, because when I call they hear +my voice. When I have struck one with sickness +they direct the people to look to me, and when they +make me the offering I ask, I remove my hand from +off the sick person and he becomes well.”</p> + +<p>While he was saying this, the feast below had +been served. Then the master of the feast said—</p> + +<p>“We send this to thee, Great Manito,” and immediately +the roasted animal came up. Thus O-na-wut-a-qut-o +and his companion got their dinner, and +after they had eaten they returned to the lodge by +a different path.</p> + +<p>In this manner they lived for some time, but at +last the youth got weary of the life. He thought of +his friends, and wished to go back to them. He +could not forget his native village and his father’s +lodge, and he asked his wife’s permission to return. +After some persuasion she consented.</p> + +<p>“Since you are better pleased,” she said, “with +the cares and ills and poverty of the world, than +with the peaceful delights of the sky and its boundless +prairies, go. I give you my permission, and +since I have brought you hither I will conduct you +back. Remember, however, that you are still my +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> +husband. I hold a chain in my hand by which I +can, whenever I will, draw you back to me. My +power over you will be in no way diminished. Beware, +therefore, how you venture to take a wife +among the people below. Should you ever do so, +you will feel what a grievous thing it is to arouse +my anger.”</p> + +<p>As she uttered these words her eyes sparkled, and +she drew herself up with a majestic air. In the +same moment O-na-wut-a-qut-o awoke. He found +himself on the ground near his father’s lodge, on the +very spot where he had thrown himself down to +sleep. Instead of the brighter beings of a higher +world, he found around him his parents and their +friends. His mother told him that he had been +absent a year. For some time O-na-wut-a-qut-o +remained gloomy and silent, but by degrees he +recovered his spirits, and he began to doubt the +reality of all he had seen and heard above. At last +he even ventured to marry a beautiful girl of his +own tribe. But within four days she died. Still +he was forgetful of his first wife’s command, and he +married again. Then one night he left his lodge, to +which he never returned. His wife, it is believed, +recalled him to the sky, where he still dwells, walking +the vast plains.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p> +<h2>MANABOZHO IN THE FISH’S STOMACH.</h2> + + +<p>One day Manabozho said to his grandmother—</p> + +<p>“Noko, get cedar bark and make me a line whilst +I make a canoe.”</p> + +<p>When all was ready he went out to the middle of +the lake a-fishing.</p> + +<p>“Me-she-nah-ma-gwai (king-fish),” said he, letting +down his line, “take hold of my bait.”</p> + +<p>He kept repeating these words some time; at last +the king-fish said—</p> + +<p>“What a trouble Manabozho is! Here, trout, take +hold of his line.”</p> + +<p>The trout did as he was bid, and Manabozho drew +up his line, the trout’s weight being so great that the +canoe was nearly overturned. Till he saw the trout +Manabozho kept crying out—</p> + +<p>“Wha-ee-he! wha-ee-he!”</p> + +<p>As soon as he saw him he said—</p> + +<p>“Why did you take hold of my hook? Esa, esa! +shame, shame! you ugly fish.”</p> + +<p>The trout, being thus rebuked, let go.</p> + +<p>Manabozho let down his line again into the water, +saying—</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> +“King-fish, take hold of my line.”</p> + +<p>“What a trouble Manabozho is!” cried the king-fish. +“Sun-fish, take hold of his line.”</p> + +<p>The sun-fish did as he was bid, and Manabozho +drew him up, crying as he did so—</p> + +<p>“Wha-ee-he! wha-ee-he!” while the canoe turned +in swift circles.</p> + +<p>When he saw the sun-fish, he cried—</p> + +<p>“Esa, esa! you odious fish! why did you dirty +my hook by taking it in your mouth? Let go, I say, +let go.”</p> + +<p>The sun-fish did as he was bid, and on his return +to the bottom of the lake told the king-fish what +Manabozho had said. Just then the bait was let +down again near to the king, and Manabozho was +heard crying out—</p> + +<p>“Me-she-nah-ma-gwai, take hold of my hook.”</p> + +<p>The king-fish did so, and allowed himself to be +dragged to the surface, which he had no sooner +reached than he swallowed Manabozho and his canoe +at one gulp. When Manabozho came to himself he +found he was in his canoe in the fish’s stomach. He +now began to think how he should escape. Looking +about him, he saw his war-club in his canoe, and with +it he immediately struck the heart of the fish. Then +he felt as though the fish was moving with great +velocity. The king-fish observed to his friends—</p> + +<p>“I feel very unwell for having swallowed that +nasty fellow Manabozho.”</p> + +<p>At that moment he received another more severe +blow on the heart. Manabozho thought, “If I am +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> +thrown up in the middle of the lake I shall be +drowned, so I must prevent it.” So he drew his +canoe and placed it across the fish’s throat, and just +as he had finished doing this the king-fish tried to +cast him out.</p> + +<p>Manabozho now found that he had a companion +with him. This was a squirrel that had been in his +canoe. The squirrel helped him to place the canoe +in the proper position, and Manabozho, being grateful +to it, said—</p> + +<p>“For the future you shall be called Ajidanneo +(animal tail).”</p> + +<p>Then he recommenced his attack on the king-fish’s +heart, and by repeated blows he at last succeeded in +killing him. He could tell that he had effected this +by the stoppage of the fish’s motion, and he could +also hear the body beating against the shore. +Manabozho waited a day to see what would happen. +Then he heard birds scratching on the body, and all +at once the rays of light broke in. He could now +see the heads of the gulls, which were looking in at +the opening they had made.</p> + +<p>“Oh!” cried Manabozho, “my younger brothers, +make the opening larger, so that I can get out.” The +gulls then told one another that Manabozho was +inside the fish, and, setting to work at once to enlarge +the hole, they, in a short time, set him free. After +he got out Manabozho said to the gulls—</p> + +<p>“For the future you shall be called Kayoshk +(noble scratchers), for your kindness to me.”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE SUN AND THE MOON.</h2> + + +<p>There were once ten brothers who hunted together, +and at night they occupied the same lodge. One +day, after they had been hunting, coming home they +found sitting inside the lodge near the door a +beautiful woman. She appeared to be a stranger, +and was so lovely that all the hunters loved her, and +as she could only be the wife of one, they agreed that +he should have her who was most successful in the +next day’s hunt. Accordingly, the next day, they +each took different ways, and hunted till the sun +went down, when they met at the lodge. Nine of +the hunters had found nothing, but the youngest +brought home a deer, so the woman was given to +him for his wife.</p> + +<p>The hunter had not been married more than a +year when he was seized with sickness and died. +Then the next brother took the girl for his wife. +Shortly after he died also, and the woman married +the next brother. In a short time all the brothers +died save the eldest, and he married the girl. She +did not, however, love him, for he was of a churlish +disposition, and one day it came into the woman’s +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> +head that she would leave him and see what fortune +she would meet with in the world. So she went, +taking only a dog with her, and travelled all day. +She went on and on, but towards evening she heard +some one coming after her who, she imagined, must +be her husband. In great fear she knew not which +way to turn, when she perceived a hole in the ground +before her. There she thought she might hide +herself, and entering it with her dog she suddenly +found herself going lower and lower, until she passed +through the earth and came up on the other side. +Near to her there was a lake, and a man fishing in it.</p> + +<p>“My grandfather,” cried the woman, “I am pursued +by a spirit.”</p> + +<p>“Leave me,” cried Manabozho, for it was he, +“leave me. Let me be quiet.”</p> + +<p>The woman still begged him to protect her, and +Manabozho at length said—</p> + +<p>“Go that way, and you shall be safe.”</p> + +<p>Hardly had she disappeared when the husband, +who had discovered the hole by which his wife had +descended, came on the scene.</p> + +<p>“Tell me,” said he to Manabozho, “where has the +woman gone?”</p> + +<p>“Leave me,” cried Manabozho, “don’t trouble me.”</p> + +<p>“Tell me,” said the man, “where is the woman?” +Manabozho was silent, and the husband, at last +getting angry, abused him with all his might.</p> + +<p>“The woman went that way,” said Manabozho at +last. “Run after her, but you shall never catch +her, and you shall be called Gizhigooke (day sun), +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> +and the woman shall be called Tibikgizis (night +sun).”</p> + +<p>So the man went on running after his wife to the +west, but he has never caught her, and he pursues +her to this day.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE SNAIL AND THE BEAVER.</h2> + + +<p>The father of the Osage nation was a snail. It was +when the earth was young and little. It was before +the rivers had become wide or long, or the mountains +lifted their peaks above the clouds, that the snail +found himself passing a quiet existence on the banks +of the River Missouri. His wants and wishes were +but few, and well supplied, and he was happy.</p> + +<p>At length the region of the Missouri was visited by +one of those great storms which so often scatter desolation +over it, and the river, swollen by the melted snow +and ice from the mountains, swept away everything +from its banks, and among other things the drowsy +snail. Upon a log he drifted down many a day’s +journey, till the river, subsiding, left him and his log +upon the banks of the River of Fish. He was left in +the slime, and the hot sun beamed fiercely upon him +till he became baked to the earth and found himself +incapable of moving. Gradually he grew in size and +stature, and his form experienced a new change, till +at length what was once a snail creeping on the earth +ripened into man, erect, tall, and stately. For a +long time after his change to a human being he +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> +remained stupefied, not knowing what he was or by +what means to sustain life. At length recollection +returned to him. He remembered that he was once +a snail and dwelt upon another river. He became +animated with a wish to return to his old haunts, +and accordingly directed his steps towards those parts +from which he had been removed. Hunger now +began to prey upon him, and bade fair to close his +eyes before he should again behold his beloved haunts +on the banks of the river. The beasts of the forest +were many, but their speed outstripped his. The +birds of the air fluttered upon sprays beyond his +reach, and the fish gliding through the waves at his +feet were nimbler than he and eluded his grasp. +Each moment he grew weaker, the films gathered +before his eyes, and in his ears there rang sounds +like the whistling of winds through the woods in +the month before the snows. At length, wearied and +exhausted, he laid himself down upon a grassy bank.</p> + +<p>As he lay the Great Spirit appeared to him and +asked—</p> + +<p>“Why does he who is the kernel of the snail look +terrified, and why is he faint and weary?”</p> + +<p>“That I tremble,” answered he, “is because I fear +thy power. That I faint is because I lack food.”</p> + +<p>“As regards thy trembling,” answered the Great +Spirit, “be composed. Art thou hungry?”</p> + +<p>“I have eaten nothing,” replied the man, “since +I ceased to be a snail.”</p> + +<p>Upon hearing this the Great Spirit drew from +under his robe a bow and arrow, and bade the man +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> +observe what he did with it. On the topmost bough +of a lofty tree sat a beautiful bird, singing and +fluttering among the red leaves. He placed an arrow +on the bow, and, letting fly, the bird fell down upon +the earth. A deer was seen afar off browsing. +Again the archer bent his bow and the animal lay +dead, food for the son of the snail.</p> + +<p>“There are victuals for you,” said the Spirit, +“enough to last you till your strength enables you +to beat up the haunts of the deer and the moose, +and here is the bow and arrow.”</p> + +<p>The Great Spirit also taught the man how to skin +the deer, and clothed him with the skin. Having +done this, and having given the beasts, fishes, +and all feathered creatures to him for his food and +raiment, he bade the man farewell and took his +departure.</p> + +<p>Strengthened and invigorated, the man pursued +his journey towards the old spot. He soon stood +upon the banks of his beloved river. A few more +suns and he would sit down upon the very spot +where for so many seasons he had crawled on the +slimy leaf, so often dragged himself lazily over the +muddy pool. He had seated himself upon the bank +of the river, and was meditating deeply on these +things, when up crept from the water a beaver, who, +addressing him, said in an angry tone—</p> + +<p>“Who are you?”</p> + +<p>“I am a snail,” replied the Snail-Man. “Who +are you?”</p> + +<p>“I am head warrior of the nation of beavers,” +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> +answered the other. “By what authority have you +come to disturb my possession of this river, which +is my dominion?”</p> + +<p>“It is not your river,” replied the Wasbasha. +“The Great Being, who is over man and beast, has +given it to me.”</p> + +<p>The beaver was at first incredulous; but at length, +convinced that what the man said was true, he invited +him to accompany him to his home. The +man agreed, and went with him till they came to a +number of small cabins, into the largest of which +the beaver conducted him. He invited the man to +take food with him, and while the beaver’s wife and +daughter were preparing the feast, he entertained +his guest with an account of his people’s habits of +life. Soon the wife and daughter made their appearance +with the food, and sitting down the Snail-Man +was soon at his ease amongst them. He was +not, however, so occupied with the banquet that he +had not time to be enchanted with the beauty of +the beaver’s daughter; and when the visit was +drawing to a close, so much was he in love, that he +asked the beaver to give her to him for his wife. The +beaver-chief consented, and the marriage was celebrated +by a feast, to which all the beavers, and the +animals with whom they had friendly relations, +were invited. From this union of the Snail-Man +and the Beaver-Maid sprang the tribe of the +Osages,—at least so it is related by the old men of +the tribe.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE STRANGE GUESTS.</h2> + + +<p>Many years ago there lived, near the borders of +Lake Superior, a noted hunter, who had a wife and +one child. His lodge stood in a remote part of the +forest, several days’ journey from that of any other +person. He spent his days in hunting, and his +evenings in relating to his wife the incidents that +had befallen him in the chase. As game was very +abundant, he seldom failed to bring home in the +evening an ample store of meat to last them until +the succeeding evening; and while they were seated +by the fire in his lodge partaking the fruits of his +day’s labour, he entertained his wife with conversation, +or by occasionally relating those tales, or enforcing +those precepts, which every good Indian +esteems necessary for the instruction of his wife +and children. Thus, far removed from all sources +of disquiet, surrounded by all they deemed necessary +to their comfort, and happy in one another’s +society, their lives passed away in cheerful solitude +and sweet contentment. The breast of the hunter +had never felt the compunctions of remorse, for he +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> +was a just man in all his dealings. He had never +violated the laws of his tribe by encroaching upon +the hunting-grounds of his neighbours, by taking +that which did not belong to him, or by any act +calculated to displease the village chiefs or offend +the Great Spirit. His chief ambition was to support +his family with a sufficiency of food and skins by +his own unaided exertions, and to share their happiness +around his cheerful fire at night. The white +man had not yet taught them that blankets and +clothes were necessary to their comfort, or that +guns could be used in the killing of game.</p> + +<p>The life of the Chippewa hunter peacefully glided +away.</p> + +<p>One evening during the winter season, it chanced +that he remained out later than usual, and his wife +sat lonely in the lodge, and began to be agitated +with fears lest some accident had befallen him. +Darkness had already fallen. She listened attentively +to hear the sound of coming footsteps; but +nothing could be heard but the wind mournfully +whistling around the sides of the lodge. Time +passed away while she remained in this state of +suspense, every moment augmenting her fears and +adding to her disappointment.</p> + +<p>Suddenly she heard the sound of approaching +footsteps upon the frozen surface of the snow. Not +doubting that it was her husband, she quickly unfastened +the loop which held, by an inner fastening, +the skin door of the lodge, and throwing it open +she saw two strange women standing before it. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> +Courtesy left the hunter’s wife no time for deliberation. +She invited the strangers to enter and warm +themselves, thinking, from the distance to the +nearest neighbours, they must have walked a considerable +way. When they were entered she invited +them to remain. They seemed to be total +strangers to that part of the country, and the more +closely she observed them the more curious the hunter’s +wife became respecting her guests.</p> + +<p>No efforts could induce them to come near the +fire. They took their seats in a remote part of the +lodge, and drew their garments about them in such +a manner as to almost completely hide their faces. +They seemed shy and reserved, and when a glimpse +could be had of their faces they appeared pale, even +of a deathly hue. Their eyes were bright but +sunken: their cheek-bones were prominent, and +their persons slender and emaciated.</p> + +<p>Seeing that her guests avoided conversation as +well as observation, the woman forbore to question +them, and sat in silence until her husband entered. +He had been led further than usual in the pursuit +of game, but had returned with the carcass of a +large and fat deer. The moment he entered the +lodge, the mysterious women exclaimed—</p> + +<p>“Behold! what a fine and fat animal!” and they +immediately ran and pulled off pieces of the whitest +fat, which they ate with avidity.</p> + +<p>Such conduct appeared very strange to the hunter, +but supposing the strangers had been a long time +without food, he made no remark; and his wife, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> +taking example from her husband, likewise restrained +herself.</p> + +<p>On the following evening the same scene was +repeated. The hunter brought home the best portions +of the game he had killed, and while he was +laying it down before his wife, according to custom, +the two strange women came quickly up, tore off +large pieces of fat, and ate them with greediness. +Such behaviour might well have aroused the hunter’s +displeasure; but the deference due to strange guests +induced him to pass it over in silence.</p> + +<p>Observing the parts to which the strangers were +most partial, the hunter resolved the next day to +anticipate their wants by cutting off and tying up a +portion of the fat for each. This he did: and having +placed the two portions of fat upon the top of his +burden, as soon as he entered the lodge he gave to +each stranger the part that was hers. Still the +guests appeared to be dissatisfied, and took more +from the carcass lying before the wife.</p> + +<p>Except for this remarkable behaviour, the conduct +of the guests was unexceptionable, although marked +by some peculiarities. They were quiet, modest, +and discreet. They maintained a cautious silence +during the day, neither uttering a word nor moving +from the lodge. At night they would get up, and, +taking those implements which were then used in +breaking and preparing wood, repair to the forest. +Here they would busy themselves in seeking dry +branches and pieces of trees blown down by the +wind. When a sufficient quantity had been gathered +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> +to last until the succeeding night they carried it +home upon their shoulders. Then carefully putting +everything in its place within the lodge, they resumed +their seats and their studied silence. They +were always careful to return from their labours +before the dawn of day, and were never known to +stay out beyond that hour. In this manner they +repaid, in some measure, the kindness of the hunter, +and relieved his wife from one of her most laborious +duties.</p> + +<p>Thus nearly the whole year passed away, every +day leading to some new development of character +which served to endear the parties to each other. +The visitors began to assume a more hale and +healthy aspect; their faces daily lost something +of that deathly hue which had at first marked them, +and they visibly improved in strength, and threw +off some of that cold reserve and forbidding austerity +which had kept the hunter so long in ignorance of +their true character.</p> + +<p>One evening the hunter returned very late after +having spent the day in toilsome exertion, and having +laid the produce of his hunt at his wife’s feet, +the silent women seized it and began to tear off the +fat in such an unceremonious manner that the wife +could no longer control her feelings of disgust, and +said to herself—</p> + +<p>“This is really too bad. How can I bear it any +longer!”</p> + +<p>She did not, however, put her thought into words, +but an immediate change was observed in the two +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> +visitors. They became unusually reserved, and +showed evident signs of being uneasy in their situation. +The good hunter immediately perceived this +change, and, fearful that they had taken offence, as +soon as they had retired demanded of his wife +whether any harsh expression had escaped her lips +during the day. She replied that she had uttered +nothing to give the least offence. The hunter tried +to compose himself to sleep, but he felt restive and +uneasy, for he could hear the sighs and lamentations +of the two strangers. Every moment added to his +conviction that his guests had taken some deep +offence; and, as he could not banish this idea from +his mind, he arose, and, going to the strangers, thus +addressed them—</p> + +<p>“Tell me, ye women, what is it that causes you +pain of mind, and makes you utter these unceasing +sighs? Has my wife given you any cause of offence +during the day while I was absent in the chase? +My fears persuade me that, in some unguarded +moment, she has forgotten what is due to the rights +of hospitality, and used expressions ill-befitting the +mysterious character you sustain. Tell me, ye +strangers from a strange country, ye women who +appear not to be of this world, what it is that causes +you pain of mind, and makes you utter these unceasing +sighs.”</p> + +<p>They replied that no unkind expression had ever +been used towards them during their residence in +the lodge, that they had received all the affectionate +attention they could reasonably expect.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> +“It is not for ourselves,” they continued, “it is +not for ourselves that we weep. We are weeping +for the fate of mankind; we are weeping for the +fate of mortals whom Death awaits at every stage of +their existence. Proud mortals, whom disease +attacks in youth and in age. Vain men, whom +hunger pinches, cold benumbs, and poverty emaciates. +Weak beings, who are born in tears, who +are nurtured in tears, and whose whole course is +marked upon the thirsty sands of life in a broad line +of tears. It is for these we weep.</p> + +<p>“You have spoken truly, brother; we are not of +this world. We are spirits from the land of the +dead, sent upon the earth to try the sincerity +of the living. It is not for the dead but for the +living that we mourn. It was by no means necessary +that your wife should express her thoughts +to us. We knew them as soon as they were formed. +We saw that for once displeasure had arisen in her +heart. It is enough. Our mission is ended. We +came but to try you, and we knew before we came +that you were a kind husband, an affectionate father, +and a good friend. Still, you have the weaknesses +of a mortal, and your wife is wanting in our eyes; +but it is not alone for you we weep, it is for the fate +of mankind.</p> + +<p>“Often, very often, has the widower exclaimed, +‘O Death, how cruel, how relentless thou art to take +away my beloved friend in the spring of her youth, +in the pride of her strength, and in the bloom of her +beauty! If thou wilt permit her once more to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> +return to my abode, my gratitude shall never cease; +I will raise up my voice continually to thank the +Master of Life for so excellent a boon. I will devote +my time to study how I can best promote her happiness +while she is permitted to remain; and our +lives shall roll away like a pleasant stream through +a flowing valley!’ Thus also has the father prayed +for his son, the mother for her daughter, the wife +for her husband, the sister for her brother, the lover +for his mistress, the friend for his bosom companion, +until the sounds of mourning and the cries of the +living have pierced the very recesses of the dead.</p> + +<p>“The Great Spirit has at length consented to make +a trial of the sincerity of these prayers by sending +us upon the earth. He has done this to see how we +should be received,—coming as strangers, no one +knowing from where. Three moons were allotted to +us to make the trial, and if, during that time, no +impatience had been evinced, no angry passions +excited at the place where we took up our abode, +all those in the land of spirits, whom their relatives +had desired to return, would have been restored. +More than two moons have already passed, and as +soon as the leaves began to bud our mission would +have been successfully terminated. It is now too +late. Our trial is finished, and we are called to the +pleasant fields whence we came.</p> + +<p>“Brother, it is proper that one man should die to +make room for another. Otherwise, the world would +be filled to overflowing. It is just that the goods +gathered by one should be left to be divided among +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> +others; for in the land of spirits there is no want, +there is neither sorrow nor hunger, pain nor death. +Pleasant fields, filled with game spread before the +eye, with birds of beautiful form. Every stream has +good fish in it, and every hill is crowned with groves +of fruit-trees, sweet and pleasant to the taste. It is +not here, brother, but there that men begin truly to +live. It is not for those who rejoice in those pleasant +groves but for you that are left behind that we weep.</p> + +<p>“Brother, take our thanks for your hospitable +treatment. Regret not our departure. Fear not +evil. Thy luck shall still be good in the chase, and +there shall ever be a bright sky over thy lodge. +Mourn not for us, for no corn will spring up from +tears.”</p> + +<p>The spirits ceased, but the hunter had no power +over his voice to reply. As they had proceeded in +their address he saw a light gradually beaming from +their faces, and a blue vapour filled the lodge with +an unnatural light. As soon as they ceased, darkness +gradually closed around. The hunter listened, +but the sobs of the spirits had ceased. He heard +the door of his tent open and shut, but he never +saw more of his mysterious visitors.</p> + +<p>The success promised him was his. He became a +celebrated hunter, and never wanted for anything +necessary to his ease. He became the father of +many boys, all of whom grew up to manhood, and +health, peace, and long life were the rewards of his +hospitality.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p> +<h2>MANABOZHO AND HIS TOE.</h2> + + +<p>Manabozho was so powerful that he began to think +there was nothing he could not do. Very wonderful +were many of his feats, and he grew more conceited +day by day. Now it chanced that one day he was +walking about amusing himself by exercising his +extraordinary powers, and at length he came to an +encampment where one of the first things he noticed +was a child lying in the sunshine, curled up with its +toe in its mouth.</p> + +<p>Manabozho looked at the child for some time, and +wondered at its extraordinary posture.</p> + +<p>“I have never seen a child before lie like that,” +said he to himself, “but I could lie like it.”</p> + +<p>So saying, he put himself down beside the child, +and, taking his right foot in his hand, drew it towards +his mouth. When he had brought it as near as he +could it was yet a considerable distance away from +his lips.</p> + +<p>“I will try the left foot,” said Manabozho. He +did so and found that he was no better off, neither +of his feet could he get to his mouth. He curled +and twisted, and bent his large limbs, and gnashed +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> +his teeth in rage to find that he could not get his toe +to his mouth. All, however, was vain.</p> + +<p>At length he rose, worn out with his exertions and +passion, and walked slowly away in a very ill +humour, which was not lessened by the sound of +the child’s laughter, for Manabozho’s efforts had +awakened it.</p> + +<p>“Ah, ah!” said Manabozho, “shall I be mocked +by a child?”</p> + +<p>He did not, however, revenge himself on his +victor, but on his way homeward, meeting a boy +who did not treat him with proper respect, he +transformed him into a cedar-tree.</p> + +<p>“At least,” said Manabozho, “I can do something.”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE GIRL WHO BECAME A BIRD.</h2> + + +<p>The father of Ran-che-wai-me, the flying pigeon of +the Wisconsin, would not hear of her wedding Wai-o-naisa, +the young chief who had long sought her in +marriage. The maiden, however, true to her plighted +faith, still continued to meet him every evening upon +one of the tufted islets which stud the river in great +profusion. Nightly, through the long months of +summer, did the lovers keep their tryst, parting only +after each meeting more and more endeared to each +other.</p> + +<p>At length Wai-o-naisa was ordered off upon a +secret expedition against the Sioux, and so sudden +was his departure that he had no opportunity of +bidding farewell to his betrothed. The band of +warriors to which he was attached was a long while +absent, and one day there came the news that Wai-o-naisa +had fallen in a fight with the Menomones.</p> + +<p>Ran-che-wai-me was inconsolable, but she dared +not show her grief before her parents, and the only +relief she could find from her sorrow was to swim +over by starlight to the island where she had been +accustomed to meet her lover, and there, calling upon +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> +his name, bewail the loss of him who was dearer to +her than all else.</p> + +<p>One night, while she was engaged in this lamentation, +the sound of her voice attracted some of her +father’s people to the spot. Startled by their appearance +the girl tried to climb a tree, in order to hide +herself in its branches, but her frame was bowed +with sorrow and her weak limbs refused to aid her.</p> + +<p>“Wai-o-naisa!” she cried, “Wai-o-naisa!”</p> + +<p>At each repetition of his name her voice became +shriller, while, as she endeavoured to screen herself +in the underwood, a soft plumage began to cover her +delicate limbs, which were wounded by the briers. +She tossed her arms to the sky in her distress and +they became clothed with feathers. At length, +when her pursuers were close upon her, a bird arose +from the bush they had surrounded, and flitting +from tree to tree, it fled before them, ever crying—</p> + +<p>“Wai-o-naisa! Wai-o-naisa!”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE UNDYING HEAD.</h2> + + +<p>In a remote part of the north lived a man and his +only sister who had never seen human being. +Seldom, if ever, had the man any cause to go from +home, for if he wanted food he had only to go a +little distance from the lodge, and there place his +arrows with their barbs in the ground. He would +then return to the lodge and tell his sister where the +arrows had been placed, when she would go in search +of them, and never fail to find each struck through +the heart of a deer. These she dragged to the lodge +and dressed for food. Thus she lived until she +attained womanhood. One day her brother, who +was named Iamo, said to her—</p> + +<p>“Sister, the time is near when you will be ill. +Listen to my advice, for if you do not it will probably +be the cause of my death. Take the implements +with which we kindle our fires, go some distance +from our lodge and build a separate fire. When you +are in want of food I will tell you where to find it. +You must cook for yourself and I for myself. When +you are ill do not attempt to come near the lodge +or bring to it any of the utensils you use. Be sure +to always have fastened to your belt whatever you +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> +will need in your sickness, for you do not know +when the time of your indisposition will come. As +for myself, I must do the best I can.” His sister +promised to obey him in all he said.</p> + +<p>Shortly after her brother had cause to go from +home. His sister was alone in the lodge combing +her hair, and she had just untied and laid aside the +belt to which the implements were fastened when +suddenly she felt unwell. She ran out of the lodge, +but in her haste forgot the belt. Afraid to return +she stood some time thinking, and finally she +determined to return to the lodge and get it, for she +said to herself—</p> + +<p>“My brother is not at home, and I will stay but a +moment to catch hold of it.”</p> + +<p>She went back, and, running in, suddenly seized +the belt, and was coming out, when her brother met +her. He knew what had happened.</p> + +<p>“Did I not tell you,” said he, “to take care? +Now you have killed me.”</p> + +<p>His sister would have gone away, but he spoke to +her again.</p> + +<p>“What can you do now? What I feared has +happened. Go in, and stay where you have always +lived. You have killed me.”</p> + +<p>He then laid aside his hunting dress and accoutrements, +and soon after both his feet began to inflame +and turn black, so that he could not move. He +directed his sister where to place his arrows, so that +she might always have food. The inflammation continued +to increase, and had now reached his first rib.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> +“Sister,” said he, “my end is near. You must do +as I tell you. You see my medicine-sack and my +war-club tied to it. It contains all my medicines, +my war-plumes, and my paints of all colours. As +soon as the inflammation reaches my chest, you will +take my war-club, and with the sharp point of it cut +off my head. When it is free from my body, take it, +place its neck in the sack, which you must open at +one end. Then hang it up in its former place. Do +not forget my bow and arrows. One of the last you +will take to procure food. Tie the others to my +sack, and then hang it up so that I can look towards +the door. Now and then I will speak to you, but +not often.”</p> + +<p>His sister again promised to obey.</p> + +<p>In a little time his chest became affected.</p> + +<p>“Now,” cried he, “take the club and strike off my +head.”</p> + +<p>His sister was afraid, but he told her to muster up +courage.</p> + +<p>“Strike,” said he, with a smile upon his face.</p> + +<p>Calling up all her courage, his sister struck and +cut off the head.</p> + +<p>“Now,” said the head, “place me where I told +you.”</p> + +<p>Fearful, she obeyed it in all its commands.</p> + +<p>Retaining its animation, it looked round the lodge +as usual, and it would command its sister to go to +such places where it thought she could best procure +the flesh of the different animals she needed. One +day the head said—</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> +“The time is not distant when I shall be freed +from this situation, but I shall have to undergo many +sore evils. So the Superior Manito decrees, and I +must bear all patiently.”</p> + +<p>In a certain part of the country was a village +inhabited by a numerous and warlike band of Indians. +In this village was a family of ten young men, +brothers. In the spring of the year the youngest of +these blackened his face and fasted. His dreams +were propitious, and having ended his fast, he sent +secretly for his brothers at night, so that the people +in the village should not be aware of their meeting. +He told them how favourable his dreams had been, +and that he had called them together to ask them if +they would accompany him in a war excursion. +They all answered they would. The third son, noted +for his oddities, swinging his war-club when his +brother had ceased speaking, jumped up: “Yes,” +said he, “I will go, and this will be the way I will +treat those we go to fight with.” With those words +he struck the post in the centre of the lodge, and gave +a yell. The other brothers spoke to him, saying—</p> + +<p>“Gently, gently, Mudjikewis, when you are in +other people’s lodges.” So he sat down. Then, in +turn, they took the drum, sang their songs, and closed +the meeting with a feast. The youngest told them +not to whisper their intention to their wives, but to +prepare secretly for their journey. They all promised +obedience, and Mudjikewis was the first to do so.</p> + +<p>The time for departure drew near. The youngest +gave the word for them to assemble on a certain night, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> +when they would commence their journey. Mudjikewis +was loud in his demands for his moccasins, and +his wife several times demanded the reason of his +impatience.</p> + +<p>“Besides,” said she, “you have a good pair on.”</p> + +<p>“Quick, quick,” replied Mudjikewis; “since you +must know, we are going on a war excursion.”</p> + +<p>Thus he revealed the secret.</p> + +<p>That night they met and started. The snow was +on the ground, and they travelled all night lest +others should follow them. When it was daylight, +the leader took snow, made a ball of it, and tossing +it up in the air, said—</p> + +<p>“It was in this way I saw snow fall in my dream, +so that we could not be tracked.”</p> + +<p>Immediately snow began to fall in large flakes, so +that the leader commanded the brothers to keep +close together for fear of losing one another. Close +as they walked together it was with difficulty they +could see one another. The snow continued falling +all that day and the next night, so that it was +impossible for any one to follow their track.</p> + +<p>They walked for several days, and Mudjikewis +was always in the rear. One day, running suddenly +forward, he gave the Saw-saw-quan (war-cry), and +struck a tree with his war-club, breaking the tree in +pieces as if it had been struck by lightning.</p> + +<p>“Brothers,” said he, “this is the way I will serve +those we are going to fight.”</p> + +<p>The leader answered—</p> + +<p>“Slowly, slowly, Mudjikewis. The one I lead +you to is not to be thought of so lightly.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> +Again Mudjikewis fell back and thought to himself—</p> + +<p>“What, what! Who can this be he is leading +us to?”</p> + +<p>He felt fearful, and was silent. Day after day +they travelled on till they came to an extensive +plain, on the borders of which human bones were +bleaching in the sun. The leader said—</p> + +<p>“These are the bones of those who have gone +before us. None has ever yet returned to tell the +sad tale of their fate.”</p> + +<p>Again Mudjikewis became restless, and, running +forward, gave the accustomed yell. Advancing to a +large rock which stood above the ground he struck +it, and it fell to pieces.</p> + +<p>“See, brothers,” said he, “thus will I treat those +we are going to fight.”</p> + +<p>“Be quiet,” said the leader. “He to whom I +am leading you is not to be compared to that rock.”</p> + +<p>Mudjikewis fell back quite thoughtful, saying to +himself—</p> + +<p>“I wonder who this can be that he is going to +attack;” and he was afraid.</p> + +<p>They continued to see the remains of former +warriors who had been to the place to which they +were now going, and had retreated thus far back +again. At last they came to a piece of rising ground, +from which they plainly saw on a distant mountain +an enormous bear. The distance between them was +very great, but the size of the animal caused it to be +seen very clearly.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> +“There,” said the leader; “it is to him I am +leading you. Here our troubles will only commence, +for he is a mishemokwa” (a she-bear, or a male-bear +as ferocious as a she-bear) “and a manito. It is +he who has what we prize so dearly, to obtain which +the warriors whose bones we saw sacrificed their +lives. You must not be fearful. Be manly; we +shall find him asleep.”</p> + +<p>The warriors advanced boldly till they came near +to the bear, when they stopped to look at it more +closely. It was asleep, and there was a belt around +its neck.</p> + +<p>“This,” said the leader, touching the belt, “is +what we must get. It contains what we want.”</p> + +<p>The eldest brother then tried to slip the belt over +the bear’s head, the animal appearing to be fast +asleep, and not at all disturbed by his efforts. He +could not, however, remove the belt, nor was any of +the brothers more successful till the one next to the +youngest tried in his turn. He slipped the belt +nearly over the beast’s head, but could not get it +quite off. Then the youngest laid his hands on +it, and with a pull succeeded. Placing the belt on +the eldest brother’s back, he said—</p> + +<p>“Now we must run,” and they started off at their +best pace. When one became tired with the weight +of the belt another carried it. Thus they ran till +they had passed the bones of all the warriors, and +when they were some distance beyond, looking back, +they saw the monster slowly rising. For some time +it stood still, not missing the belt. Then they heard +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span> +a tremendous howl, like distant thunder, slowly +filling the sky. At last they heard the bear cry—</p> + +<p>“Who can it be that has dared to steal my belt? +Earth is not so large but I can find them,” and it +descended the hill in pursuit. With every jump of +the bear the earth shook as if it were convulsed. +Very soon it approached the party. They, however, +kept the belt, exchanging it from one to another, +and encouraging each other. The bear, however, +gained on them fast.</p> + +<p>“Brothers,” said the leader, “have none of you, +when fasting, ever dreamed of some friendly spirit +who would aid you as a guardian?”</p> + +<p>A dead silence followed.</p> + +<p>“Well,” continued he, “once when I was fasting +I dreamed of being in danger of instant death, +when I saw a small lodge, with smoke curling up +from its top. An old man lived in it, and I dreamed +that he helped me, and may my dream be verified +soon.”</p> + +<p>Having said this, he ran forward and gave a yell +and howl. They came upon a piece of rising +ground, and, behold! a lodge with smoke curling +from its top appeared before them. This gave them +all new strength, and they ran forward and entered +the lodge. In it they found an old man, to whom +the leader said—</p> + +<p>“Nemesho (my grandfather), help us. We ask +your protection, for the great bear would kill us.”</p> + +<p>“Sit down and eat, my grandchildren,” said the +old man. “Who is a great manito? There is none +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> +but me; but let me look;” and he opened the door +of the lodge, and saw at a little distance the enraged +bear coming on with slow but great leaps. The old +man closed the door.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” said he; “he is indeed a great manito. +My grandchildren, you will be the cause of my losing +my life. You asked my protection, and I granted +it; so now, come what may, I will protect you. +When the bear arrives at the door you must run +out at the other end of the lodge.”</p> + +<p>Putting his hand to the side of the lodge where he +sat, he took down a bag, and, opening it, took out of +it two small black dogs, which he placed before him.</p> + +<p>“These are the ones I use when I fight,” said he, +and he commenced patting with both hands the sides +of one of the dogs, which at once commenced to +swell out until it filled the lodge, and it had great +strong teeth. When the dog had attained its full +size it growled, and, springing out at the door, met +the bear, which, in another leap, would have reached +the lodge. A terrible combat ensued. The sky rang +with the howls of the monsters. In a little while the +second dog took the field. At the commencement +of the battle the brothers, acting on the advice of +the old man, escaped through the opposite side of +the lodge. They had not proceeded far in their +flight before they heard the death-cry of one of the +dogs, and soon after that of the other.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said the leader, “the old man will soon +share their fate, so run, run! the bear will soon be +after us.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> +The brothers started with fresh vigour, for the old +man had refreshed them with food; but the bear +very soon came in sight again, and was evidently +fast gaining upon them. Again the leader asked +the warriors if they knew of any way in which to +save themselves. All were silent. Running forward +with a yell and a howl, the leader said—</p> + +<p>“I dreamed once that, being in great trouble, an +old man, who was a manito, helped me. We shall +soon see his lodge.”</p> + +<p>Taking courage, the brothers still went on, and, +after going a short distance, they saw a lodge. +Entering it, they found an old man, whose protection +they claimed, saying that a manito was pursuing +them.</p> + +<p>“Eat,” said the old man, putting meat before +them. “Who is a manito? There is no manito +but me. There is none whom I fear.”</p> + +<p>Then he felt the earth tremble as the bear approached, +and, opening the door of the lodge, he +saw it coming. The old man shut the door slowly, +and said—</p> + +<p>“Yes, my grandchildren, you have brought trouble +upon me.”</p> + +<p>Taking his medicine sack, he took out some small +war-clubs of black stone, and told the young men +to run through the other side of the lodge. As he +handled the clubs they became an enormous size, +and the old man stepped out as the bear reached +the door. He struck the beast with one of his clubs, +which broke in pieces, and the bear stumbled. The +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> +old man struck it again with the other club, and +that also broke, but the bear fell insensible. Each +blow the old man struck sounded like a clap of +thunder, and the howls of the bear ran along the +skies.</p> + +<p>The brothers had gone some distance before they +looked back. They then saw that the bear was +recovering from the blows. First it moved its paws, +and then they saw it rise to its feet. The old man +shared the fate of the first, for the warriors heard +his cries as he was torn in pieces. Again the monster +was in pursuit, and fast overtaking them. Not yet +discouraged, the young men kept on their way, but +the bear was so close to them that the leader once +more applied to his brothers, but they could do +nothing.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said he, “my dreams will soon be exhausted. +After this I have but one more.”</p> + +<p>He advanced, invoking his guardian spirit to aid +him.</p> + +<p>“Once,” said he, “I dreamed that, being sorely +pressed, I came to a large lake, on the shore of +which was a canoe, partly out of water, and having +ten paddles all in readiness. Do not fear,” he cried, +“we shall soon get to it.”</p> + +<p>It happened as he had said. Coming to the lake, +the warriors found the canoe with the ten paddles, +and immediately took their places in it. Putting +off, they paddled to the centre of the lake, when +they saw the bear on the shore. Lifting itself on +its hind-legs, it looked all around. Then it waded +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span> +into the water until, losing its footing, it turned +back, and commenced making the circuit of the lake. +Meanwhile the warriors remained stationary in the +centre watching the animal’s movements. It travelled +round till it came to the place whence it started. +Then it commenced drinking up the water, and the +young men saw a strong current fast setting in +towards the bear’s mouth. The leader encouraged +them to paddle hard for the opposite shore. This +they had nearly reached, when the current became +too strong for them, and they were drawn back by it, +and the stream carried them onwards to the bear.</p> + +<p>Then the leader again spoke, telling his comrades +to meet their fate bravely.</p> + +<p>“Now is the time, Mudjikewis,” said he, “to +show your prowess. Take courage, and sit in the +bow of the canoe, and, when it approaches the bear’s +mouth, try what effect your club will have on the +beast’s head.”</p> + +<p>Mudjikewis obeyed, and, taking his place, stood +ready to give the blow, while the leader, who +steered, directed the canoe to the open mouth of the +monster.</p> + +<p>Rapidly advancing, the canoe was just about to +enter the bear’s mouth, when Mudjikewis struck the +beast a tremendous blow on the head, and gave the +saw-saw-quan. The bear’s limbs doubled under it, +and it fell stunned by the blow, but before Mudjikewis +could strike again the monster sent from its +mouth all the water it had swallowed with such +force that the canoe was immediately carried by the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span> +stream to the other side of the lake. Leaving the +canoe, the brothers fled, and on they went till they +were completely exhausted. Again they felt the +earth shake, and, looking back, saw the monster +hard after them. The young men’s spirits drooped, +and they felt faint-hearted. With words and actions +the leader exerted himself to cheer them, and once +more he asked them if they could do nothing, or +think of nothing, that might save them. All were +silent as before.</p> + +<p>“Then,” said he, “this is the last time I can +apply to my guardian spirit. If we do not now +succeed, our fate is decided.”</p> + +<p>He ran forward, invoking his spirit with great +earnestness, and gave the yell.</p> + +<p>“We shall soon arrive,” said he to his brothers, +“at the place where my last guardian spirit dwells. +In him I place great confidence. Do not be afraid, +or your limbs will be fear-bound. We shall soon +reach his lodge. Run, run!”</p> + +<p>What had in the meantime passed in the lodge of +Iamo? He had remained in the same condition, his +head in the sack, directing his sister where to place the +arrows to procure food, and speaking at long intervals.</p> + +<p>One day the girl saw the eyes of the head brighten +as if with pleasure. At last it spoke.</p> + +<p>“O sister!” it said, “in what a pitiful situation +you have been the cause of placing me! Soon, +very soon, a band of young men will arrive and +apply to me for aid; but alas! how can I give +what I would with so much pleasure have afforded +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span> +them? Nevertheless, take two arrows, and place +them where you have been in the habit of placing +the others, and have meat cooked and prepared +before they arrive. When you hear them coming, +and calling on my name, go out and say, ‘Alas! it +is long ago since an accident befell him. I was the +cause of it.’ If they still come near, ask them in, +and set meat before them. Follow my directions +strictly. A bear will come. Go out and meet him, +taking my medicine sack, bow and arrows, and my +head. You must then untie the sack, and spread +out before you my paints of all colours, my war +eagle-feathers, my tufts of dried hair, and whatsoever +else the sack contains. As the bear approaches +take these articles, one by one, and say to him, +‘This is my dead brother’s paint,’ and so on with all +the articles, throwing each of them as far from you +as you can. The virtue contained in the things will +cause him to totter. Then, to complete his destruction, +you must take my head and cast it as far off +as you can, crying aloud, ‘See, this is my dead +brother’s head!’ He will then fall senseless. While +this is taking place the young men will have eaten, +and you must call them to your aid. You will, with +their assistance, cut the carcass of the bear into +pieces—into small pieces—and scatter them to the +winds, for unless you do this he will again come to +life.”</p> + +<p>The sister promised that all should be done as he +commanded, and she had only time to prepare the +meal when the voice of the leader of the band of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> +warriors was heard calling on Iamo for aid. The +girl went out and did as she had been directed. +She invited the brothers in and placed meat before +them, and while they were eating the bear was heard +approaching. Untying the medicine sack and taking +the head the girl made all ready for its approach. +When it came up she did as her brother directed, +and before she had cast down all the paints the bear +began to totter, but, still advancing, came close to +her. Then she took the head and cast it from her +as far as she could, and as it rolled upon the ground +the bear, tottering, fell with a tremendous noise. +The girl cried for help, and the young men rushed +out.</p> + +<p>Mudjikewis, stepping up, gave a yell, and struck +the bear a blow on the head. This he repeated till +he had dashed out its brains. Then the others, as +quickly as possible, cut the monster up into very +small pieces and scattered them in all directions. +As they were engaged in this they were surprised to +find that wherever the flesh was thrown small black +bears appeared, such as are seen at the present day, +which, starting up, ran away. Thus from this monster +the present race of bears derives its origin.</p> + +<p>Having overcome their pursuer the brothers returned +to the lodge, and the girl gathered together +the articles she had used, and placed the head in the +sack again. The head remained silent, probably +from its being fatigued with its exertion in overcoming +the bear.</p> + +<p>Having spent so much time, and having traversed +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span> +so vast a country in their flight, the young men +gave up the idea of ever returning to their own +country, and game being plentiful about the lodge, +they determined to remain where they were. One +day they moved off some distance from the lodge for +the purpose of hunting, and left the belt with the +girl. They were very successful, and amused themselves +with talking and jesting. One of them +said—</p> + +<p>“We have all this sport to ourselves. Let us go +and ask our sister if she will not let us bring the +head to this place, for it is still alive.”</p> + +<p>So they went and asked for the head. The girl +told them to take it, and they carried it to their +hunting-grounds and tried to amuse it, but only at +times did they see its eyes beam with pleasure. One +day, while they were busy in their encampment, they +were unexpectedly attacked by unknown enemies. +The fight was long and fierce. Many of the foes +were slain, but there were thirty of them to each +warrior. The young men fought desperately till +they were all killed, and then the attacking party +retreated to a high place to muster their men and +count the missing and the slain. One of the men +had strayed away, and happened to come to where +the head was hung up. Seeing that it was alive +he eyed it for some time with fear and surprise. +Then he took it down, and having opened the sack +he was much pleased to see the beautiful feathers, +one of which he placed on his head.</p> + +<p>It waved gracefully over him as he walked to his +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span> +companions’ camp, and when he came there he threw +down the head and sack and told his friends how he +had found them, and how the sack was full of paints +and feathers. The men all took the head and made +sport of it. Many of the young men took the paint +and painted themselves with it; and one of the +band, taking the head by the hair, said—</p> + +<p>“Look, you ugly thing, and see your paints on +the faces of warriors.”</p> + +<p>The feathers were so beautiful that many of the +young men placed them on their heads, and they +again subjected the head to all kinds of indignity. +They were, however, soon punished for their insulting +conduct, for all who had worn the feathers +became sick and died. Then the chief commanded +the men to throw all the paints and feathers away.</p> + +<p>“As for the head,” he said, “we will keep that +and take it home with us; we will there see what we +can do with it. We will try to make it shut its eyes.”</p> + +<p>Meanwhile for several days the sister had been +waiting for the brothers to bring back the head; till +at last, getting impatient, she went in search of +them. She found them lying within short distances +of one another, dead, and covered with wounds. +Other bodies lay scattered around. She searched +for the head and sack, but they were nowhere to be +found, so she raised her voice and wept, and blackened +her face. Then she walked in different directions +till she came to the place whence the head had been +taken, and there she found the bow and arrows, which +had been left behind. She searched further, hoping +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> +to find her brother’s head, and, when she came to a +piece of rising ground she found some of his paints +and feathers. These she carefully put by, hanging +them to the branch of a tree.</p> + +<p>At dusk she came to the first lodge of a large village. +Here she used a charm employed by Indians when +they wish to meet with a kind reception, and on +applying to the old man and the woman who +occupied the lodge she was made welcome by them. +She told them her errand, and the old man, promising +to help her, told her that the head was hung up +before the council fire, and that the chiefs and young +men of the village kept watch over it continually. +The girl said she only desired to see the head, and +would be satisfied if she could only get to the door +of the lodge in which it was hung, for she knew she +could not take it by force.</p> + +<p>“Come with me,” said the old man, “I will take +you there.”</p> + +<p>So they went and took their seats in the lodge near to +the door. The council lodge was filled with warriors +amusing themselves with games, and constantly keeping +up the fire to smoke the head to dry it. As the +girl entered the lodge the men saw the features of the +head move, and, not knowing what to make of it, +one spoke and said—</p> + +<p>“Ha! ha! it is beginning to feel the effects of the +smoke.”</p> + +<p>The sister looked up from the seat by the door; +her eyes met those of her brother, and tears began +to roll down the cheeks of the head.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span> +“Well,” said the chief, “I thought we would make +you do something at last. Look! look at it shedding +tears,” said he to those around him, and they +all laughed and made jokes upon it. The chief, +looking around, observed the strange girl, and after +some time said to the old man who brought her in—</p> + +<p>“Who have you got there? I have never seen +that woman before in our village.”</p> + +<p>“Yes,” replied the old man, “you have seen her. +She is a relation of mine, and seldom goes out. She +stays in my lodge, and she asked me to bring her here.”</p> + +<p>In the centre of the lodge sat one of those young +men who are always forward, and fond of boasting +and displaying themselves before others.</p> + +<p>“Why,” said he, “I have seen her often, and it is +to his lodge I go almost every night to court her.”</p> + +<p>All the others laughed and continued their games. +The young man did not know he was telling a lie to +the girl’s advantage, who by means of it escaped.</p> + +<p>She returned to the old man’s lodge, and immediately +set out for her own country. Coming to the +spot where the bodies of her adopted brothers lay, +she placed them together with their feet towards the +east. Then taking an axe she had she cast it up +into the air, crying out—</p> + +<p>“Brothers, get up from under it or it will fall on +you!”</p> + +<p>This she repeated three times, and the third time +all the brothers rose and stood on their feet. Mudjikewis +commenced rubbing his eyes and stretching +himself.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> +“Why,” said he, “I have overslept myself.”</p> + +<p>“No, indeed,” said one of the others. “Do you +not know we were all killed, and that it is our sister +who has brought us to life?”</p> + +<p>The brothers then took the bodies of their enemies +and burned them. Soon after the girl went to a far +country, they knew not where, to procure wives for +them, and she returned with the women, whom she +gave to the young men, beginning with the eldest. +Mudjikewis stepped to and fro, uneasy lest he should +not get the one he liked, but he was not disappointed, +for she fell to his lot; and the two were well matched, +for she was a female magician.</p> + +<p>The young men and their wives all moved into a +very large lodge, and their sister told them that one +of the women must go in turns every night to try +and recover the head of her brother, untying the +knots by which it was hung up in the council lodge. +The women all said they would go with pleasure. +The eldest made the first attempt. With a rushing +noise she disappeared through the air.</p> + +<p>Towards daylight she returned. She had failed, +having only succeeded in untying one of the knots. +All the women save the youngest went in turn, and +each one succeeded in untying only one knot each +time. At length the youngest went. As soon as +she arrived at the lodge she went to work. The +smoke from the fire in the lodge had not ascended +for ten nights. It now filled the place and drove all +the men out. The girl was alone, and she carried off +the head.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span> +The brothers and Iamo’s sister heard the young +woman coming high through the air, and they heard +her say—</p> + +<p>“Prepare the body of our brother.”</p> + +<p>As soon as they heard that they went to where +Iamo’s body lay, and, having got it ready, as soon as +the young woman arrived with the head they placed +it to the body, and Iamo was restored in all his +former manliness and beauty. All rejoiced in the +happy termination of their troubles, and when they +had spent some time joyfully together, Iamo said—</p> + +<p>“Now I will divide the treasure,” and taking the +bear’s belt he commenced dividing what it contained +amongst the brothers, beginning with the eldest. +The youngest brother, however, got the most splendid +part of the spoil, for the bottom of the belt held +what was richest and rarest.</p> + +<p>Then Iamo told them that, since they had all died +and been restored to life again, they were no longer +mortals but spirits, and he assigned to each of them +a station in the invisible world. Only Mudjikewis’ +place was, however, named. He was to direct the +west wind. The brothers were commanded, as they +had it in their power, to do good to the inhabitants +of the earth, and to give all things with a liberal +hand.</p> + +<p>The spirits then, amid songs and shouts, took their +flight to their respective places, while Iamo and his +sister, Iamoqua, descended into the depths below.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE OLD CHIPPEWAY.</h2> + + +<p>The old man Chippeway, the first of men, when he +first landed on the earth, near where the present +Dogribs have their hunting-grounds, found the +world a beautiful world, well stocked with food, and +abounding with pleasant things. He found no man, +woman, or child upon it; but in time, being lonely, +he created children, to whom he gave two kinds of +fruit, the black and the white, but he forbade them +to eat the black. Having given his commands for +the government and guidance of his family, he took +leave of them for a time, to go into a far country +where the sun dwelt, for the purpose of bringing it +to the earth.</p> + +<p>After a very long journey, and a long absence, +he returned, bringing with him the sun, and he +was delighted to find that his children had remained +obedient, and had eaten only of the white +food.</p> + +<p>Again he left them to go on another expedition. +The sun he had brought lighted up the earth for +only a short time, and in the land from which he +had brought it he had noticed another body, which +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> +served as a lamp in the dark hours. He resolved +therefore to journey and bring back with him the +moon; so, bidding adieu to his children and his +dwelling, he set forth once more.</p> + +<p>While he had been absent on his first expedition, +his children had eaten up all the white food, and +now, when he set out, he forgot to provide them +with a fresh supply. For a long time they resisted +the craving for food, but at last they could hold out +no longer, and satisfied their hunger with the black +fruit.</p> + +<p>The old Chippeway soon returned, bringing with +him the moon. He soon discovered that his children +had transgressed his command, and had eaten the +food of disease and death. He told them what was +the consequence of their act—that in future the earth +would produce bad fruits, that sickness would come +amongst men, that pain would rack them, and their +lives be lives of fatigue and danger.</p> + +<p>Having brought the sun and moon to the earth, +the old man Chippeway rested, and made no more +expeditions. He lived an immense number of years, +and saw all the troubles he declared would follow +the eating of the black food. At last he became +tired of life, and his sole desire was to be freed +from it.</p> + +<p>“Go,” said he, to one of his sons, “to the river +of the Bear Lake, and fetch me a man of the little +wise people (the beavers). Let it be one with a +brown ring round the end of the tail, and a white spot +on the tip of the nose. Let him be just two seasons +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> +old upon the first day of the coming frog-moon, and +see that his teeth be sharp.”</p> + +<p>The man did as he was directed. He went to the +river of the Bear Lake, and brought a man of the +little wise people. He had a brown ring round the +end of his tail, and a white spot on the tip of his +nose. He was just two seasons old upon the first +day of the frog-moon, and his teeth were very sharp.</p> + +<p>“Take the wise four-legged man,” said the old +Chippeway, “and pull from his jaws seven of his +teeth.”</p> + +<p>The man did as he was directed, and brought the +teeth to the old man. Then he bade him call all +his people together, and when they were come the +old man thus addressed them—</p> + +<p>“I am old, and am tired of life, and wish to sleep +the sleep of death. I will go hence. Take the seven +teeth of the wise little four-legged man and drive +them into my body.”</p> + +<p>They did so, and as the last tooth entered him the +old man died.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span></p> +<h2>MUKUMIK! MUKUMIK! MUKUMIK!</h2> + + +<p>Pauppukkeewis was a harum-scarum fellow who +played many queer tricks, but he took care, nevertheless, +to supply his family and children with food. +Sometimes, however, he was hard-pressed, and once +he and his whole family were on the point of starving. +Every resource seemed to have failed. The +snow was so deep, and the storm continued so long, +that he could not even find a partridge or a hare, +and his usual supply of fish had failed him. His +lodge stood in some woods not far away from the +shores of the Gitchiguma, or great water, where the +autumnal storms had piled up the ice into high pinnacles, +resembling castles.</p> + +<p>“I will go,” said he to his family one morning, +“to these castles, and solicit the pity of the spirits +who inhabit them, for I know that they are the +residence of some of the spirits of Rabiboonoka.”</p> + +<p>He did so, and his petition was not disregarded. +The spirits told him to fill his mushkemoots or sacks +with the ice and snow, and pass on towards his lodge, +without looking back, until he came to a certain +hill. He was then to drop his sacks, and leave +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span> +them till morning, when he would find them full +of fish.</p> + +<p>The spirits cautioned him that he must by no +means look back, although he should hear a great +many voices crying out to him abusing him; for they +told him such voices would be in reality only the +wind playing through the branches of the trees.</p> + +<p>Pauppukkeewis faithfully obeyed the directions +given him, although he found it difficult to avoid +looking round to see who was calling to him. When +he visited the sacks in the morning, he found them +filled with fish.</p> + +<p>It happened that Manabozho visited him on the +morning when he brought the fish home, and the +visitor was invited to partake of the feast. While +they were eating, Manabozho could not help asking +where such an abundance of food had been procured +at a time when most were in a state of starvation.</p> + +<p>Pauppukkeewis frankly told him the secret, and +and what precautions to take to ensure success. +Manabozho determined to profit by the information, +and, as soon as he could, set out to visit the icy +castles. All things happened as Pauppukkeewis had +told him. The spirits appeared to be kind, and told +Manabozho to fill and carry. He accordingly filled +his sacks with ice and snow, and then walked off +quickly to the hill where he was to leave them. As +he went, however, he heard voices calling out behind +him.</p> + +<p>“Thief! thief! He has stolen fish from Rabiboonoka,” +cried one.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> +“Mukumik! Mukumik! take it away, take it +away,” cried another.</p> + +<p>Manabozho’s ears were so assailed by all manner +of insulting cries, that at last he got angry, and, +quite forgetting the directions given him, he turned +his head to see who it was that was abusing him. +He saw no one, and proceeded on his way to the +hill, to which he was accompanied by his invisible +tormentors. He left his bags of ice and snow there, +to be changed into fish, and came back the next +morning. His disobedience had, however, dissolved +the charm, and he found his bags still full of rubbish.</p> + +<p>In consequence of this he is condemned every +year, during the month of March, to run over the +hills, with Pauppukkeewis following him, crying—</p> + +<p>“Mukumik! Mukumik!”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE SWING BY THE LAKE.</h2> + + +<p>There was an old hag of a woman who lived with +her daughter-in-law and her husband, with their son +and a little orphan boy. When her son-in-law came +home from hunting, it was his custom to bring his +wife the moose’s lip, the kidney of the bear, or some +other choice bits of different animals. These the +girl would cook crisp, so that the sound of their +cracking could be heard when she ate them. This +kind attention of the hunter to his wife aroused the +envy of the old woman. She wished to have the +same luxuries, and, in order to obtain them, she at +last resolved to kill the young wife. One day she +asked her to leave her infant son to the care of the +orphan boy, and come out and swing with her. The +wife consented, and the mother-in-law took her to +the shore of a lake, where there was a high ridge of +rocks overhanging the water. Upon the top of +these rocks the old woman put up a swing, and, +having fastened a piece of leather round her body, +she commenced to swing herself, going over the +precipice each time. She continued this for a short +while, and then, stopping, told her daughter-in-law +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> +to take her place. She did so, and, having tied the +leather round her, began to swing backwards and +forwards. When she was well going, sweeping at +each turn clear beyond the precipice, the old woman +slyly cut the cords, and let her drop into the lake. +She then put on some of the girl’s clothing, entered +the lodge in the dusk of the evening, and went +about the work in which her daughter-in-law had +been usually occupied at such a time. She found +the child crying, and, since the mother was not there +to give it the breast, it cried on. Then the orphan +boy asked her where the mother was.</p> + +<p>“She is still swinging,” replied the old woman.</p> + +<p>“I will go,” said he, “and look for her.”</p> + +<p>“No,” said the old woman, “you must not. What +would you go for?”</p> + +<p>In the evening, when the husband came in, he +gave the coveted morsels to what he supposed was +his wife. He missed the old woman, but asked +nothing about her. Meanwhile the woman ate the +morsels, and tried to quiet the child. The husband, +seeing that she kept her face away from him, was +astonished, and asked why the child cried so. His +pretended wife answered that she did not know.</p> + +<p>In the meantime the orphan boy went to the +shores of the lake, where he found no one. Then +he suspected the old woman, and, having returned +to the lodge, told the hunter, while she was out +getting wood, all he had heard and seen. The man, +when he had heard the story, painted his face black, +and placed his spear upside down in the earth, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span> +requested the Great Spirit to send lightning, thunder, +and rain, in the hope that the body of his wife +might arise from the water. He then began to fast, +and told the boy to take the child and play upon +the lake shore.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile this is what had happened to the wife. +After she had plunged into the lake, she found herself +in the hold of a water-tiger, who drew her to +the bottom. There she found a lodge, and all things +in it as if arranged for her reception, and she became +the water-tiger’s wife.</p> + +<p>Whilst the orphan boy and the child were playing +on the shore of the lake one day, the boy began to +throw pebbles into the water, when suddenly a gull +arose from the centre of the lake, and flew towards +the land. When it had arrived there, it took human +shape, and the boy recognised that it was the lost +mother. She had a leather belt around her, and +another belt of white metal. She suckled the baby, +and, preparing to return to the water, said to the +boy—</p> + +<p>“Come here with the child whenever it cries, and +I will nurse it.”</p> + +<p>The boy carried the child home, and told the +father what had occurred. When the child cried +again, the man went with the boy to the shore, and +hid himself behind a clump of trees. Soon the gull +made its appearance, with a long shining chain +attached to it. The bird came to the shore, assumed +the mother’s shape, and began to suckle the child. +The husband stood with his spear in his hand, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> +wondering what he had best do to regain his wife. +When he saw her preparing to return to the lake +he rushed forward, struck the shining chain with his +spear, and broke it. Then he took his wife and +child home. As he entered the lodge the old +woman looked up, and, when she saw the wife, she +dropped her head in despair. A rustling was heard +in the place; the next moment the old woman leaped +up, flew out of the lodge, and was never heard of +more.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE FIRE PLUME.</h2> + + +<p>Wassamo was living with his parents on the shores +of a large bay on the east coast of Lake Michigan. +It was at a period when nature spontaneously furnished +everything that was wanted, when the +Indians used skins for clothing, and flints for arrow +heads. It was long before the time that the flag of +the white man had first been seen in these lakes, or +the sound of an iron axe had been heard. The +skill of our people supplied them with weapons to +kill game, with instruments to procure bark for their +canoes, and they knew to dress and cook their victuals.</p> + +<p>One day, when the season had commenced for +fish to be plentiful near the shore of the lake, +Wassamo’s mother said to him—</p> + +<p>“My son, I wish you would go to yonder point, +and see if you cannot procure me some fish. You +may ask your cousin to accompany you.”</p> + +<p>He did so. They set out, and, in the course of +the afternoon, arrived at the fishing-ground. His +cousin attended to the nets, for he was grown up to +manhood, but Wassamo had not yet reached that +age. They put their nets in the water, and encamped +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> +near them, using only a few pieces of birch-bark for +a lodge to shelter them at night. They lit a fire, and, +while they were conversing together, the moon +arose. Not a breath of wind disturbed the smooth +and bright surface of the lake. Not a cloud was +seen. Wassamo looked out on the water towards +their nets, and saw that almost all the floats had +disappeared.</p> + +<p>“Cousin,” he said, “let us visit our nets. Perhaps +we are fortunate.”</p> + +<p>They did so, and were rejoiced, as they drew them +up, to see the meshes white here and there with +fish. They landed in good spirits, and put away +their canoe in safety from the winds.</p> + +<p>“Wassamo,” said his cousin, “you cook that we +may eat.”</p> + +<p>Wassamo set about it immediately, and soon got +his kettle on the flames, while his cousin was lying at +his ease on the opposite side of the fire.</p> + +<p>“Cousin,” said Wassamo, “tell me stories, or sing +me some love-songs.”</p> + +<p>The other obeyed, and sang his plaintive songs. +He would frequently break off, and tell parts of +stories, and would then sing again, as suited his +feelings or fancy. While thus employed, he unconsciously +fell asleep. Wassamo had scarcely noticed +it in his care to watch the kettle, and, when the fish +were done, he took the kettle off. He spoke to his +cousin, but received no answer. He took the wooden +ladle to skim off the oil, for the fish were very fat. +He had a flambeau of twisted bark in one hand to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span> +give light; but, when he came to take out the fish, +he did not know how to manage to hold the light, so +he took off his garters, and tied them tight round +his head, and then placed the lighted flambeau above +his forehead, so that it was firmly held by the +bandage, and threw its light brilliantly about him. +Having both hands thus at liberty, he began to take +out the fish. Suddenly he heard a laugh.</p> + +<p>“Cousin,” said he, “some one is near us. Awake, +and let us look out.”</p> + +<p>His cousin, however, continued asleep. Again +Wassamo heard the laughter, and, looking, he beheld +two beautiful girls.</p> + +<p>“Awake, awake,” said he to his cousin. “Here +are two young women;” but he received no answer, +for his cousin was locked in his deepest slumbers.</p> + +<p>Wassamo started up and advanced to the strange +women. He was about to speak to them, when he +fell senseless to the earth.</p> + +<p>A short while after his cousin awoke. He looked +around and called Wassamo, but could not find +him.</p> + +<p>“Netawis, Netawis (Cousin, cousin)!” he cried; +but there was no answer. He searched the woods +and all the shores around, but could not find him. +He did not know what to do.</p> + +<p>“Although,” he reasoned, “his parents are my +relations, and they know he and I were great +friends, they will not believe me if I go home and +say that he is lost. They will say that I killed him, +and will require blood for blood.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span> +However, he resolved to return home, and, arriving +there, he told them what had occurred. Some +said, “He has killed him treacherously,” others said, +“It is impossible. They were like brothers.”</p> + +<p>Search was made on every side, and when at +length it became certain that Wassamo was not to +be found, his parents demanded the life of Netawis.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile, what had happened to Wassamo? +When he recovered his senses, he found himself +stretched on a bed in a spacious lodge.</p> + +<p>“Stranger,” said some one, “awake, and take +something to eat.”</p> + +<p>Looking around him he saw many people, and an +old spirit man, addressing him, said—</p> + +<p>“My daughters saw you at the fishing-ground, +and brought you here. I am the guardian spirit of +Nagow Wudjoo (the sand mountains). We will +make your visit here agreeable, and if you will +remain I will give you one of my daughters in +marriage.”</p> + +<p>The young man consented to the match, and remained +for some time with the spirit of the sand-hills +in his lodge at the bottom of the lake, for +there was it situated. At last, however, approached +the season of sleep, when the spirit and his relations +lay down for their long rest.</p> + +<p>“Son-in-law,” said the old spirit, “you can now, +in a few days, start with your wife to visit your +relations. You can be absent one year, but after +that you must return.”</p> + +<p>Wassamo promised to obey, and set out with his +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> +wife. When he was near his village, he left her in +a thicket and advanced alone. As he did so, who +should he meet but his cousin.</p> + +<p>“Netawis, Netawis,” cried his cousin, “you have +come just in time to save me!”</p> + +<p>Then he ran off to the lodge of Wassamo’s +parents.</p> + +<p>“I have seen him,” said he, “whom you accuse +me of having killed. He will be here in a few +minutes.”</p> + +<p>All the village was soon in a bustle, and Wassamo +and his wife excited universal attention, and the +people strove who should entertain them best. So +the time passed happily till the season came that +Wassamo and his wife should return to the spirits. +Netawis accompanied them to the shores of the +lake, and would have gone with them to their +strange abode, but Wassamo sent him back. With +him Wassamo took offerings from the Indians to his +father-in-law.</p> + +<p>The old spirit was delighted to see the two return, +and he was also much pleased with the +presents Wassamo brought. He told his son-in-law +that he and his wife should go once more to visit +his people.</p> + +<p>“It is merely,” said he, “to assure them of my +friendship, and to bid them farewell for ever.”</p> + +<p>Some time afterwards Wassamo and his wife +made this visit. Having delivered his message, he +said—</p> + +<p>“I must now bid you all farewell for ever.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> +His parents and friends raised their voices in loud +lamentation, and they accompanied him and his wife +to the sand-banks to see them take their departure.</p> + +<p>The day was mild, the sky clear, not a cloud +appeared, nor was there a breath of wind to disturb +the bright surface of the water. The most perfect +silence reigned throughout the company. They +gazed intently upon Wassamo and his wife as they +waded out into the water, waving their hands. +They saw them go into deeper and deeper water. +They saw the wave close over their heads. All at +once they raised a loud and piercing wail. They +looked again. A red flame, as if the sun had +glanced on a billow, marked the spot for an instant; +but the Feather-of-Flames and his wife had disappeared +for ever.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE JOURNEY TO THE ISLAND OF SOULS.</h2> + + +<p>Once upon a time there lived in the nation of the +Chippeways a most beautiful maiden, the flower of +the wilderness, the delight and wonder of all who +saw her. She was called the Rock-rose, and was +beloved by a youthful hunter, whose advances gained +her affection. No one was like the brave Outalissa +in her eyes: his deeds were the greatest, his skill +was the most wonderful. It was not permitted +them, however, to become the inhabitants of one +lodge. Death came to the flower of the Chippeways. +In the morning of her days she died, and her body +was laid in the dust with the customary rites of +burial. All mourned for her, but Outalissa was a +changed man. No more did he find delight in the +chase or on the war-path. He grew sad, shunned +the society of his brethren. He stood motionless as +a tree in the hour of calm, as the wave that is +frozen up by the breath of the cold wind.</p> + +<p>Joy came no more to him. He told his discontent +in the ears of his people, and spoke of his +determination to seek his beloved maiden. She had +but removed, he said, as the birds fly away at the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> +approach of winter, and it required but due diligence +on his part to find her. Having prepared +himself, as a hunter makes ready for a long journey, +he armed himself with his war-spear and bow and +arrow, and set out to the Land of Souls.</p> + +<p>Directed by the old tradition of his fathers, he +travelled south to reach that region, leaving behind +him the great star. As he moved onwards, he +found a more pleasant region succeeding to that in +which he had lived. Daily, hourly, he remarked +the change. The ice grew thinner, the air warmer, +the trees taller. Birds, such as he had never seen +before, sang in the bushes, and fowl of many kinds +were pluming themselves in the warm sun on the +shores of the lake. The gay woodpecker was tapping +the hollow beech, the swallow and the martin +were skimming along the level of the green vales. +He heard no more the cracking of branches beneath +the weight of icicles and snow, he saw no more the +spirits of departed men dancing wild dances on the +skirts of the northern clouds, and the farther he +travelled the milder grew the skies, the longer was +the period of the sun’s stay upon the earth, and the +softer, though less brilliant, the light of the moon.</p> + +<p>Noting these changes as he went with a joyful +heart, for they were indications of his near approach +to the land of joy and delight, he came at length to +a cabin situated on the brow of a steep hill in the +middle of a narrow road. At the door of this cabin +stood a man of a most ancient and venerable appearance. +He was bent nearly double with age. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> +His locks were white as snow. His eyes were sunk +very far into his head, and the flesh was wasted +from his bones, till they were like trees from which +the bark has been peeled. He was clothed in a robe +of white goat’s skin, and a long staff supported his +tottering limbs whithersoever he walked.</p> + +<p>The Chippeway began to tell him who he was, and +why he had come thither, but the aged man stopped +him, telling him he knew upon what errand he was +bent.</p> + +<p>“A short while before,” said he, “there passed +the soul of a tender and lovely maiden, well-known +to the son of the Red Elk, on her way +to the beautiful island. She was fatigued with her +long journey, and rested a while in this cabin. She +told me the story of your love, and was persuaded +that you would attempt to follow her to the Lake of +Spirits.”</p> + +<p>The old man, further, told Outalissa that if he +made speed he might hope to overtake the maiden +on the way. Before, however, he resumed his +journey he must leave behind him his body, his +spear, bow, and arrows, which the old man promised +to keep for him should he return. The Chippeway +left his body and arms behind him, and under the +direction of the old man entered upon the road to +the Blissful Island. He had travelled but a couple +of bowshots when it met his view, even more beautiful +than his fathers had painted it.</p> + +<p>He stood upon the brow of a hill which sloped +gently down to the water of a lake which stretched +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span> +as far as eye could see. Upon its banks were groves +of beautiful trees of all kinds, and many canoes were +to be seen gliding over its water. Afar, in the +centre of the lake, lay the beautiful island appointed +for the residence of the good. He walked down to +the shore and entered a canoe which stood ready for +him, made of a shining white stone. Seizing the +paddle, he pushed off from the shore and commenced +to make his way to the island. As he did so, he +came to a canoe like his own, in which he found her +whom he was in pursuit of. She recognised him, and +the two canoes glided side by side over the water. +Then Outalissa knew that he was on the Water of +Judgment, the great water over which every soul +must pass to reach the beautiful island, or in which +it must sink to meet the punishment of the wicked. +The two lovers glided on in fear, for the water +seemed at times ready to swallow them, and around +them they could see many canoes, which held those +whose lives had been wicked, going down. The +Master of Life had, however, decreed that they +should pass in safety, and they reached the shores of +the beautiful island, on which they landed full of joy.</p> + +<p>It is impossible to tell the delights with which +they found it filled. Mild and soft winds, clear and +sweet waters, cool and refreshing shades, perpetual +verdure, inexhaustible fertility, met them on all sides. +Gladly would the son of the Red Elk have remained +for ever with his beloved in the happy island, but +the words of the Master of Life came to him in the +pauses of the breeze, saying—</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span> +“Go back to thy own land, hunter. Your time +has not yet come. You have not yet performed the +work I have for you to do, nor can you yet enjoy +those pleasures which belong to them who have +performed their allotted task on earth. Go back, +then. In time thou shalt rejoin her, the love of +whom has brought thee hither.”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p> +<h2>MACHINITOU, THE EVIL SPIRIT.</h2> + + +<p>Chemanitou, being the Master of Life, at one +time became the origin of a spirit that has ever +since caused him and all others of his creation a +great deal of disquiet. His birth was owing to an +accident. It was in this wise:—</p> + +<p>Metowac, or as the white people now call it, +Long Island, was originally a vast plain, so level and +free from any kind of growth that it looked like a +portion of the great sea that had suddenly been +made to move back and let the sand below appear, +which was, in fact, the case.</p> + +<p>Here it was that Chemanitou used to come and +sit when he wished to bring any new creation to +life. The place being spacious and solitary, the +water upon every side, he had not only room enough, +but was free from interruption.</p> + +<p>It is well known that some of these early creations +were of very great size, so that very few could live +in the same place, and their strength made it +difficult for even Chemanitou to control them, for +when he has given them certain powers they have +the use of the laws that govern those powers, till +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> +it is his will to take them back to himself. Accordingly +it was the custom of Chemanitou, when he +wished to try the effect of these creatures, to set +them in motion upon the island of Metowac, and if +they did not please him, he took the life away from +them again. He would set up a mammoth, or other +large animal, in the centre of the island, and build +it up with great care, somewhat in the manner that +a cabin or a canoe is made.</p> + +<p>Even to this day may be found traces of what +had been done here in former years, and the manner +in which the earth sometimes sinks down shows that +this island is nothing more than a great cake of +earth, a sort of platter laid upon the sea for the +convenience of Chemanitou, who used it as a table +upon which he might work, never having designed +it for anything else, the margin of the Chatiemac +(the stately swan), or Hudson river, being better +adapted to the purposes of habitation.</p> + +<p>When the Master of Life wished to build up an +elephant or mammoth, he placed four cakes of clay +upon the ground, at proper distances, which were +moulded into shape, and became the feet of the +animal.</p> + +<p>Now sometimes these were left unfinished, and to +this day the green tussocks to be seen like little +islands about the marshes show where these cakes +of clay were placed.</p> + +<p>As Chemanitou went on with his work, the +Neebanawbaigs (or water-spirits), the Puck-wud-jinnies +(little men who vanish), and, indeed, all the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> +lesser manitoes, used to come and look on, and +wonder what it would be, and how it would act.</p> + +<p>When the animal was completed, and had dried +a long time in the sun, Chemanitou opened a place +in the side, and, entering in, remained there many +days.</p> + +<p>When he came forth the creature began to shiver +and sway from side to side, in such a manner as +shook the whole island for leagues. If its appearance +pleased the Master of Life it was suffered to +depart, and it was generally found that these +animals plunged into the open sea upon the north +side of the island, and disappeared in the great +forests beyond.</p> + +<p>Now at one time Chemanitou was a very long +time building an animal of such great bulk that it +looked like a mountain upon the centre of the island, +and all the manitoes from all parts came to see +what it was. The Puck-wud-jinnies especially made +themselves very merry, capering behind its great +ears, sitting within its mouth, each perched upon a +tooth, and running in and out of the sockets of the +eyes, thinking Chemanitou, who was finishing off +other parts of the animal, would not see them.</p> + +<p>But he can see right through everything he has +made. He was glad to see the Puck-wud-jinnies +so lively, and he bethought him of many new creations +while he watched their motions.</p> + +<p>When the Master of Life had completed this large +animal, he was fearful to give it life, and so it was +left upon the island, or work-table of Chemanitou, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> +till its great weight caused it to break through, and, +sinking partly down, it stuck fast, the head and tail +holding it in such a manner as to prevent it slipping +further down.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou then lifted up a piece of the back, and +found it made a very good cavity, into which the old +creations which failed to please him might be thrown.</p> + +<p>He sometimes amused himself by making creatures +very small and active, with which he disported +awhile, and finding them of very little use in the +world, and not so attractive as the little vanishers, +he would take out the life, taking it to himself, and +then cast them into the cave made in the body of +the unfinished animal.</p> + +<p>In this way great quantities of very odd shapes +were heaped together in this Roncomcomon, or Place +of Fragments.</p> + +<p>He was always careful before casting a thing he +had created aside to take out the life.</p> + +<p>One day the Master of Life took two pieces of clay +and moulded them into two large feet, like those of +a panther. He did not make four—there were two +only.</p> + +<p>He put his own feet into them, and found the +tread very light and springy, so that he might go +with great speed and yet make no noise.</p> + +<p>Next he built up a pair of very tall legs, in the +shape of his own, and made them walk about a while. +He was pleased with the motion. Then followed a +round body covered with large scales, like those of +the alligator.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span> +He now found the figure doubling forward, and +he fastened a long black snake, that was gliding by, +to the back part of the body, and wound the other +end round a sapling which grew near, and this held +the body upright, and made a very good tail.</p> + +<p>The shoulders were broad and strong, like those of +the buffalo, and covered with hair. The neck thick +and short, and full at the back.</p> + +<p>Thus far Chemanitou had worked with little +thought, but when he came to the head he thought +a long while.</p> + +<p>He took a round ball of clay into his lap, and +worked it over with great care. While he thought, +he patted the ball of clay upon the top, which made +it very broad and low, for Chemanitou was thinking +of the panther feet and the buffalo neck. He +remembered the Puck-wud-jinnies playing in the +eye sockets of the great unfinished animal, and he +bethought him to set the eyes out, like those of +a lobster, so that the animal might see on every +side.</p> + +<p>He made the forehead broad and full, but low, for +here was to be the wisdom of the forked tongue, +like that of the serpent, which should be in its +mouth. It should see all things and know all +things. Here Chemanitou stopped, for he saw that +he had never thought of such a creation before, one +with two feet—a creature that should stand upright, +and see upon every side.</p> + +<p>The jaws were very strong, with ivory teeth and +gills upon either side, which rose and fell whenever +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> +breath passed through them. The nose was like +the beak of the vulture. A tuft of porcupine-quills +made the scalp lock.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou held the head out the length of his +arm, and turned it first upon one side and then upon +the other. He passed it rapidly through the air, and +saw the gills rise and fall, the lobster eyes whirl +round, and the vulture nose look keen.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou became very sad, yet he put the head +upon the shoulders. It was the first time he had +made an upright figure. It seemed to be the first +idea of a man.</p> + +<p>It was now nearly right. The bats were flying +through the air, and the roar of wild beasts began +to be heard. A gusty wind swept in from the ocean +and passed over the island of Metowac, casting the +light sand to and fro. A wavy scud was skimming +along the horizon, while higher up in the sky was a +dark thick cloud, upon the verge of which the moon +hung for a moment and was then shut in.</p> + +<p>A panther came by and stayed a moment, with +one foot raised and bent inward, while it looked +up at the image and smelt the feet that were like +its own.</p> + +<p>A vulture swooped down with a great noise of +its wings, and made a dash at the beak, but Chemanitou +held it back.</p> + +<p>Then came the porcupine, the lizard, and the +snake, each drawn by its kind in the image.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou veiled his face for many hours, and +the gusty wind swept by, but he did not stir.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span> +He saw that every beast of the earth seeks its +kind, and that which is like draws its likeness to +itself.</p> + +<p>The Master of Life thought and thought. The +idea grew into his mind that at some time he would +create a creature who should be made, not after the +things of the earth, but after himself.</p> + +<p>The being should link this world to the spirit +world, being made in the likeness of the Great +Spirit, he should be drawn unto his likeness.</p> + +<p>Many days and nights—whole seasons—passed +while Chemanitou thought upon these things. He +saw all things.</p> + +<p>Then the Master of Life lifted up his head. The +stars were looking down upon the image, and a bat +had alighted upon the forehead, spreading its great +wings upon each side. Chemanitou took the bat +and held out its whole leathery wings (and ever +since the bat, when he rests, lets his body hang +down), so that he could try them over the head of +the image. He then took the life of the bat away, +and twisted off the body, by which means the whole +thin part fell down over the head of the image and +upon each side, making the ears, and a covering for +the forehead like that of the hooded serpent.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou did not cut off the face of the image +below, but went on and made a chin and lips that +were firm and round, that they might shut in the +forked tongue and ivory teeth, and he knew that +with the lips the image would smile when life should +be given to it.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> +The image was now complete save for the arms, +and Chemanitou saw that it was necessary it should +have hands. He grew more grave.</p> + +<p>He had never given hands to any creature. He +made the arms and the hands very beautiful, after +the manner of his own.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou now took no pleasure in the work he +had done. It was not good in his sight.</p> + +<p>He wished he had not given it hands. Might it +not, when trusted with life, create? Might it not +thwart the plans of the Master of Life himself?</p> + +<p>He looked long at the image. He saw what it +would do when life should be given it. He knew all +things.</p> + +<p>He now put fire in the image, but fire is not +life.</p> + +<p>He put fire within and a red glow passed through +and through it. The fire dried the clay of which the +image was made, and gave the image an exceedingly +fierce aspect. It shone through the scales upon +the breast, through the gills, and the bat-winged +ears. The lobster eyes were like a living coal.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou opened the side of the image, but he +did not enter. He had given it hands and a chin.</p> + +<p>It could smile like the manitoes themselves.</p> + +<p>He made it walk all about the island of Metowac, +that he might see how it would act. This he did by +means of his will.</p> + +<p>He now put a little life into it, but he did not +take out the fire. Chemanitou saw the aspect of the +creature would be very terrible, and yet that it +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span> +could smile in such a manner that it ceased to be +ugly. He thought much upon these things. He +felt that it would not be best to let such a creature +live—a creature made up mostly from the beasts of +the field, but with hands of power, a chin lifting the +head upward, and lips holding all things within +themselves.</p> + +<p>While he thought upon these things he took the +image in his hands and cast it into the cave. But +Chemanitou forgot to take out the life.</p> + +<p>The creature lay a long time in the cave and did +not stir, for its fall was very great. It lay amongst +the old creations that had been thrown in there +without life.</p> + +<p>Now when a long time had passed Chemanitou +heard a great noise in the cave. He looked in and +saw the image sitting there, and it was trying to +put together the old broken things that had been +cast in as of no value.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou gathered together a vast heap of +stones and sand, for large rocks are not to be had +upon the island, and stopped the mouth of the cave. +Many days passed and the noise within the cave +grew louder. The earth shook, and hot smoke came +from the ground. The manitoes crowded to Metowac +to see what was the matter.</p> + +<p>Chemanitou came also, for he remembered the +image he had cast in there of which he had forgotten +to take away the life.</p> + +<p>Suddenly there was a great rising of the stones +and sand, the sky grew black with wind and dust. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> +Fire played about on the ground, and water gushed +high into the air.</p> + +<p>All the manitoes fled with fear, and the image +came forth with a great noise and most terrible to +behold. Its life had grown strong within it, for +the fire had made it very fierce.</p> + +<p>Everything fled before it and cried—</p> + +<p>“Machinitou! machinitou,” which means a god, +but an evil god.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE WOMAN OF STONE.</h2> + + +<p>In one of the niches or recesses formed by a precipice +in the cavern of Kickapoo Creek, which is a +tributary of the Wisconsin, there is a gigantic mass +of stone presenting the appearance of a human figure. +It is so sheltered by the overhanging rocks and by +the sides of the recess in which it stands as to +assume a dark and gloomy character. Of the figure +the following legend is related:—</p> + +<p>Once upon a time there lived a woman who was +called Shenanska, or the White Buffalo Robe. She +was an inhabitant of the prairie, a dweller in the +cabins which stand upon the verge of the hills. She +was the pride of her people, not only for her beauty, +which was very great, but for her goodness. The +breath of the summer wind was not milder than the +temper of Shenanska, the face of the sun was not +fairer than her countenance.</p> + +<p>At length the tribe was surprised in its encampment +on the banks of the Kickapoo by a numerous +band of the fierce Mengwe. Many of them fell +fighting bravely, the greater part of the women and +children were made prisoners, and the others fled to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> +the wilds for safety. It was the fortune of Shenanska +to escape from death or captivity. When the alarm +of the war-whoop reached her ear as she was sleeping +in her lodge with her husband, she had rushed forth +with him and gone with the braves to meet their +assailants. When she saw half of the men of her +nation lying dead around, then she fled. She had +been wounded in the battle, but she still succeeded +in effecting her escape to the hills. Weakened by +loss of blood, she had not strength enough left to +hunt for a supply of food, and she was near perishing +with hunger.</p> + +<p>While she lay beneath the shade of a tree there +came to her a being not of this world.</p> + +<p>“Shenanska,” said he, in a gentle voice, “thou art +wounded and hungry, shall I heal thee and feed thee? +Wilt thou return to the lands of thy tribe and live +to be old, a widow and alone, or go now to the land +of departed spirits and join the shade of thy husband? +The choice is thine. If thou wilt live, +crippled, and bowed down by wounds and disease, +thou mayest. If it would please thee better to rejoin +thy friends in the country beyond the Great River, +say so.”</p> + +<p>Shenanska replied that she wished to die. The +spirit took her, and placed her in one of the recesses +of the cavern, overshadowed by hanging rocks. He +then spoke some words in a low voice, and, breathing +on her, she became stone. Determined that a woman +so good and beautiful should not be forgotten by +the world, he made her into a statue, to which he +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> +gave the power of killing suddenly any one who irreverently +approached it. For a long time the statue +relentlessly exercised this power. Many an unconscious +Indian, venturing too near to it, fell dead +without any perceptible wound. At length, tired of +the havoc the statue made, the guardian spirit took +away the power he had given to it. At this day +the statue may be approached with safety, but the +Indians hold it in fear, not intruding rashly upon it, +and when in its presence treating it with great +respect.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE MAIDEN WHO LOVED A FISH.</h2> + + +<p>There was once among the Marshpees, a small +tribe who have their hunting-grounds on the shores +of the Great Lake, near the Cape of Storms, a +woman whose name was Awashanks. She was +rather silly, and very idle. For days together she +would sit doing nothing. Then she was so ugly and +ill-shaped that not one of the youths of the village +would have aught to say to her by way of courtship +or marriage. She squinted very much; her face was +long and thin, her nose excessively large and humped, +her teeth crooked and projecting, her chin almost as +sharp as the bill of a loon, and her ears as large as +those of a deer. Altogether she was a very odd and +strangely formed woman, and wherever she went +she never failed to excite much laughter and derision +among those who thought that ugliness and deformity +were fit subjects for ridicule.</p> + +<p>Though so very ugly, there was one faculty she +possessed in a more remarkable degree than any +woman of the tribe. It was that of singing. Nothing, +unless such could be found in the land of +spirits, could equal the sweetness of her voice or the +beauty of her songs. Her favourite place of resort +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> +was a small hill, a little removed from the river of +her people, and there, seated beneath the shady trees, +she would while away the hours of summer with her +charming songs. So beautiful and melodious were +the things she uttered, that, by the time she had sung +a single sentence, the branches above her head would +be filled with the birds that came thither to listen, +the thickets around her would be crowded with +beasts, and the waters rolling beside her would be +alive with fishes, all attracted by the sweet sounds. +From the minnow to the porpoise, from the wren to +the eagle, from the snail to the lobster, from the +mouse to the mole,—all hastened to the spot to listen +to the charming songs of the hideous Marshpee +maiden.</p> + +<p>Among the fishes which repaired every night to the +vicinity of the Little Hillock, which was the chosen +resting-place of the ugly songstress, was the great +chief of the trouts, a tribe of fish inhabiting the river +near by. The chief was of a far greater size than the +people of his nation usually are, being as long as a +man, and quite as thick.</p> + +<p>Of all the creatures which came to listen to the +singing of Awashanks none appeared to enjoy it so +highly as the chief of the trouts. As his bulk prevented +him from approaching so near as he wished, +he, from time to time, in his eagerness to enjoy the +music to the best advantage, ran his nose into the +ground, and thus worked his way a considerable distance +into the land. Nightly he continued his exertions +to approach the source of the delightful sounds +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> +he heard, till at length he had ploughed out a wide +and handsome channel, and so effected his passage +from the river to the hill, a distance extending an +arrow’s-flight. Thither he repaired every night at +the commencement of darkness, sure to meet the +maiden who had become so necessary to his happiness. +Soon he began to speak of the pleasure he +enjoyed, and to fill the ears of Awashanks with fond +protestations of his love and affection. Instead of +singing to him, she soon began to listen to his voice. +It was something so new and strange to her to hear +the tones of love and courtship, a thing so unusual +to be told she was beautiful, that it is not wonderful +her head was turned by the new incident, and that +she began to think the voice of her lover the +sweetest she had ever heard. One thing marred +their happiness. This was that the trout could not +live upon land, nor the maiden in the water. This +state of things gave them much sorrow.</p> + +<p>They had met one evening at the usual place, and +were discoursing together, lamenting that two who +loved one another so should be doomed to always +live apart, when a man appeared close to Awashanks. +He asked the lovers why they seemed to be so +sad.</p> + +<p>The chief of the trouts told the stranger the cause +of their sorrow.</p> + +<p>“Be not grieved nor hopeless,” said the stranger, +when the chief had finished. “The impediments +can be removed. I am the spirit who presides over +fishes, and though I cannot make a man or woman +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> +of a fish, I can make them into fish. Under my +power Awashanks shall become a beautiful trout.”</p> + +<p>With that he bade the girl follow him into the +river. When they had waded in some little depth +he took up some water in his hand and poured it on +her head, muttering some words, of which none but +himself knew the meaning. Immediately a change +took place in her. Her body took the form of a +fish, and in a few moments she was a complete +trout. Having accomplished this transformation the +spirit gave her to the chief of the trouts, and the +pair glided off into the deep and quiet waters. She +did not, however, forget the land of her birth. Every +season, on the same night as that upon which her +disappearance from her tribe had been wrought, +there were to be seen two trouts of enormous size +playing in the water off the shore. They continued +these visits till the pale-faces came to the country, +when, deeming themselves to be in danger from a +people who paid no reverence to the spirits of the +land, they bade it adieu for ever.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE LONE LIGHTNING.</h2> + + +<p>A little orphan boy, who had no one to care for +him, once lived with his uncle, who treated him very +badly, making him do hard work, and giving him +very little to eat, so that the boy pined away and +never grew much, but became, through hard usage, +very thin and light. At last the uncle pretended to +be ashamed of this treatment, and determined to +make amends for it by fattening the boy up. He +really wished, however, to kill him by overfeeding +him. He told his wife to give the boy plenty of +bear’s meat, and let him have the fat, which is +thought to be the best part. They were both very +assiduous in cramming him, and one day nearly +choked him to death by forcing the fat down his +throat. The boy escaped, and fled from the lodge. +He knew not where to go, and wandered about. +When night came on he was afraid the wild beasts +would eat him, so he climbed up into the forks of +a high pine-tree, and there he fell asleep in the +branches.</p> + +<p>As he was asleep a person appeared to him from +the high sky, and said—</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> +“My poor lad, I pity you, and the bad usage you +have received from your uncle has led me to visit +you. Follow me, and step in my tracks.”</p> + +<p>Immediately his sleep left him, and he rose up and +followed his guide, mounting up higher and higher in +the air until he reached the lofty sky. Here twelve +arrows were put into his hands, and he was told +that there were a great many manitoes in the northern +sky, against whom he must go to war and try to +waylay and shoot them. Accordingly he went to +that part of the sky, and, at long intervals, shot +arrow after arrow until he had expended eleven in a +vain attempt to kill the manitoes. At the flight of +each arrow there was a long and solitary streak of +lightning in the sky—then all was clear again, and +not a cloud or spot could be seen. The twelfth +arrow he held a long time in his hands, and looked +around keenly on every side to spy the manitoes he +was after, but these manitoes were very cunning, and +could change their form in a moment. All they +feared was the boy’s arrows, for these were magic +weapons, which had been given to him by a good +spirit, and had power to kill if aimed aright. At +length the boy drew up his last arrow, took aim, +and let fly, as he thought, into the very heart +of the chief of the manitoes. Before the arrow +reached him, however, he changed himself into +a rock, into which the head of the arrow sank deep +and stuck fast.</p> + +<p>“Now your gifts are all expended,” cried the +enraged manito, “and I will make an example of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> +your audacity and pride of heart for lifting your +bow against me.”</p> + +<p>So saying, he transformed the boy into the +Nazhik-a-wä wä sun, or Lone Lightning, which +may be observed in the northern sky to this +day.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span></p> +<h2>AGGO-DAH-GAUDA.</h2> + + +<p>Aggo-dah-gauda had one leg hooped up to his thigh +so that he was obliged to get along by hopping. He +had a beautiful daughter, and his chief care was to +secure her from being carried off by the king of the +buffaloes. He was peculiar in his habits, and lived +in a loghouse, and he advised his daughter to keep +indoors, and never go out for fear she should be +stolen away.</p> + +<p>One sunshiny morning Aggo-dah-gauda prepared +to go out fishing, but before he left the lodge he +reminded his daughter of her strange lover.</p> + +<p>“My daughter,” said he, “I am going out to fish, +and as the day will be a pleasant one, you must +recollect that we have an enemy near who is constantly +going about, and so you must not leave the +lodge.”</p> + +<p>When he reached his fishing-place, he heard a +voice singing—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">“Man with the leg tied up,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Man with the leg tied up,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Broken hip—hip—<br /></span> +<span class="i6">Hipped.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> +<span class="i0">Man with the leg tied up,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Man with the leg tied up,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Broken leg—leg—<br /></span> +<span class="i6">Legged.”<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>He looked round but saw no one, so he suspected +the words were sung by his enemies the buffaloes, +and hastened home.</p> + +<p>The girl’s father had not been long absent from +the lodge when she began to think to herself—</p> + +<p>“It is hard to be for ever kept indoors. The +spring is coming on, and the days are so sunny and +warm, that it would be very pleasant to sit out of +doors. My father says it is dangerous. I know what +I will do: I will get on the top of the house, and +there I can comb and dress my hair.”</p> + +<p>She accordingly got up on the roof of the small +house, and busied herself in untying and combing +her beautiful hair, which was not only fine and +shining, but so long that it reached down to the +ground, hanging over the eaves of the house as she +combed it. She was so intent upon this that she +forgot all ideas of danger. All of a sudden the king +of the buffaloes came dashing by with his herd of +followers, and, taking her between his horns, away +he cantered over the plains, and then, plunging into +a river that bounded his land, he carried her safely +to his lodge on the other side. Here he paid her +every attention in order to gain her affections, but +all to no purpose, for she sat pensive and disconsolate +in the lodge among the other females, and scarcely +ever spoke. The buffalo king did all he could to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> +please her, and told the others in the lodge to give +her everything she wanted, and to study her in +every way. They set before her the choicest food, +and gave her the seat of honour in the lodge. The +king himself went out hunting to obtain the most +delicate bits of meat both of animals and wild-fowl, +and, not content with these proofs of his love, he +fasted himself and would often take his pib-be-gwun +(Indian flute) and sit near the lodge singing—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">“My sweetheart,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My sweetheart,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Ah me!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When I think of you,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When I think of you,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Ah me!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">How I love you,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">How I love you,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Ah me!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Do not hate me,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Do not hate me,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Ah me!”<br /></span> +</div> +</div> + +<p>In the meantime Aggo-dah-gauda came home, and +finding his daughter had been stolen he determined +to get her back. For this purpose he immediately +set out. He could easily trace the king till he came +to the banks of the river, and then he saw he had +plunged in and swum over. When Aggo-dah-gauda +came to the river, however, he found it covered with +a thin coating of ice, so that he could not swim +across nor walk over. He therefore determined to +wait on the bank a day or two till the ice might +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> +melt or become strong enough to bear him. Very +soon the ice was strong enough, and Aggo-dah-gauda +crossed over. On the other side, as he went along, +he found branches torn off and cast down, and these +had been strewn thus by his daughter to aid him in +following her. The way in which she managed it +was this. Her hair was all untied when she was +captured, and as she was carried along it caught in +the branches as she passed, so she took the pieces +out of her hair and threw them down on the path.</p> + +<p>When Aggo-dah-gauda came to the king’s lodge +it was evening. Carefully approaching it, he peeped +through the sides and saw his daughter sitting there +disconsolately. She saw him, and knowing that it +was her father come for her, she said to the king, +giving him a tender glance—</p> + +<p>“I will go and get you a drink of water.”</p> + +<p>The king was delighted at what he thought was a +mark of her affection, and the girl left the lodge +with a dipper in her hand. The king waited a long +time for her, and as she did not return he went out +with his followers, but nothing could be seen or +heard of the girl. The buffaloes sallied out into the +plains, and had not gone far by the light of the +moon, when they were attacked by a party of +hunters. Many of them fell, but the buffalo-king, +being stronger and swifter than the others, escaped, +and, flying to the west, was never seen more.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p> +<h2>PIQUA.</h2> + + +<p>A great while ago the Shawanos nation took up +the war-talk against the Walkullas, who lived on +their own lands on the borders of the Great Salt +Lake, and near the Burning Water. Part of the +nation were not well pleased with the war. The +head chief and the counsellors said the Walkullas +were very brave and cunning, and the priests said +their god was mightier than ours. The old and +experienced warriors said the counsellors were wise, +and had spoken well; but the Head Buffalo, the young +warriors, and all who wished for war, would not +listen to their words. They said that our fathers +had beaten their fathers in many battles, that the +Shawanos were as brave and strong as they ever +were, and the Walkullas much weaker and more +cowardly. They said the old and timid, the faint +heart and the failing knee, might stay at home to +take care of the women and children, and sleep and +dream of those who had never dared bend a bow or +look upon a painted cheek or listen to a war-whoop, +while the young warriors went to war and drank +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span> +much blood. When two moons were gone they said +they would come back with many prisoners and scalps, +and have a great feast. The arguments of the fiery +young men prevailed with all the youthful warriors, +but the elder and wiser listened to the priests and +counsellors, and remained in their villages to see +the leaf fall and the grass grow, and to gather in +the nut and follow the trail of the deer.</p> + +<p>Two moons passed, then a third, then came the +night enlivened by many stars, but the warriors +returned not. As the land of the Walkullas lay but +a woman’s journey of six suns from the villages of +our nation, our people began to fear that our young +men had been overcome in battle and were all slain. +The head chief, the counsellors, and all the warriors +who had remained behind, came together in the +great wigwam, and called the priests to tell them +where their sons were. Chenos, who was the wisest +of them all (as well he might be, for he was older +than the oak-tree whose top dies by the hand of +Time), answered that they were killed by their +enemies, the Walkullas, assisted by men of a +strange speech and colour, who lived beyond the +Great Salt Lake, fought with thunder and lightning, +and came to our enemies on the back of a great bird +with many white wings. When he had thus made +known to our people the fate of the warriors there was +a dreadful shout of horror throughout the village. +The women wept aloud, and the men sprang up and +seized their bows and arrows to go to war with the +Walkullas and the strange warriors who had helped +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> +to slay their sons, but Chenos bade them sit down +again.</p> + +<p>“There is one yet living,” said he. “He will +soon be here. The sound of his footsteps is in my +ear as he crosses the hollow hills. He has killed +many of his enemies; he has glutted his vengeance +fully; he has drunk blood in plenteous draughts. +Long he fought with the men of his own race, and +many fell before him, but he fled from the men who +came to the battle armed with the real lightning, and +hurling unseen death. Even now I see him coming; +the shallow streams he has forded; the deep rivers +he has swum. He is tired and hungry, and his +quiver has no arrows, but he brings a prisoner in +his arms. Lay the deer’s flesh on the fire, and bring +hither the pounded corn. Taunt him not, for he is +valiant, and has fought like a hungry bear.”</p> + +<p>As the wise Chenos spoke these words to the +grey-bearded counsellors and warriors the Head +Buffalo walked calm and cool into the midst of +them. There he stood, tall and straight as a young +pine, but he spoke no word, looking on the head +chief and the counsellors. There was blood upon +his body, dried on by the sun, and the arm next his +heart was bound up with the skin of the deer. His +eye was hollow and his body gaunt, as though he +had fasted long. His quiver held no arrows.</p> + +<p>“Where are our sons?” inquired the head chief +of the warrior.</p> + +<p>“Ask the wolf and the panther,” he answered.</p> + +<p>“Brother! tell us where are our sons!” +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span> +exclaimed the chief. “Our women ask us for their +sons. They want them. Where are they?”</p> + +<p>“Where are the snows of last year?” replied the +warrior. “Have they not gone down the swelling +river into the Great Lake? They have, and even so +have your sons descended the stream of Time into +the great Lake of Death. The great star sees them +as they lie by the water of the Walkulla, but they +see him not. The panther and the wolf howl unheeded +at their feet, and the eagle screams, but they +hear them not. The vulture whets his beak on +their bones, the wild-cat rends their flesh, both are +unfelt, for your sons are dead.”</p> + +<p>When the warrior told these things to our people, +they set up their loud death-howl. The women +wept; but the men sprang up and seized their +weapons, to go to meet the Walkullas, the slayers +of their sons. The chief warrior rose again—</p> + +<p>“Fathers and warriors,” said he, “hear me and +believe my words, for I will tell you the truth. +Who ever heard the Head Buffalo lie, and who ever +saw him afraid of his enemies? Never, since the +time that he chewed the bitter root and put on the +new moccasins, has he lied or fled from his foes. +He has neither a forked tongue nor a faint heart. +Fathers, the Walkullas are weaker than us. Their +arms are not so strong, their hearts are not so big, +as ours. As well might the timid deer make war +upon the hungry wolf, as the Walkullas upon the +Shawanos. We could slay them as easily as a hawk +pounces into a dove’s nest and steals away her +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> +unfeathered little ones. The Head Buffalo alone could +have taken the scalps of half the nation. But a +strange tribe has come among them—men whose +skin is white as the folds of the cloud, and whose +hair shines like the great star of day. They do not +fight as we fight, with bows and arrows and with war-axes, +but with spears which thunder and lighten, and +send unseen death. The Shawanos fall before it as +the berries and acorns fall when the forest is shaken +by the wind in the beaver-moon. Look at the arm +nearest my heart. It was stricken by a bolt from +the strangers’ thunder; but he fell by the hands of +the Head Buffalo, who fears nothing but shame, and +his scalp lies at the feet of the head chief.</p> + +<p>“Fathers, this was our battle. We came upon the +Walkullas, I and my brothers, when they were unprepared. +They were just going to hold the dance of the +green corn. The whole nation had come to the dance; +there were none left behind save the sick and the +very old. None were painted; they were all for peace, +and were as women. We crept close to them, and +hid in the thick bushes which grew upon the edge +of their camp, for the Shawanos are the cunning +adder and not the foolish rattlesnake. We saw +them preparing to offer a sacrifice to the Great +Spirit. We saw them clean the deer, and hang his +head, horns, and entrails upon the great white pole +with a forked top, which stood over the roof of the +council wigwam. They did not know that the +Master of Life had sent the Shawanos to mix blood +with the sacrifices. We saw them take the new corn +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> +and rub it upon their hands, breasts, and faces. +Then the head chief, having first thanked the +Master of Life for his goodness to the Walkullas, +got up and gave his brethren a talk. He told them +that the Great Spirit loved them, and had made +them victorious over all their enemies; that he had +sent a great many fat bears, deer, and moose to +their hunting-ground, and had given them fish, +whose heads were very small and bodies very big; +that he had made their corn grow tall and sweet, +and had ordered his suns to ripen it in the beginning +of the harvest moon, that they might make a +great feast for the strangers who had come from a +far country on the wings of a great bird to warm +themselves at the Walkullas’ fire. He told them +they must love the Great Spirit, take care of the +old men, tell no lies, and never break the faith of +the pipe of peace; that they must not harm the +strangers, for they were their brothers, but must +live in peace with them, and give them lands and +wives from among their women. If they did these +things the Great Spirit, he said, would make their +corn grow taller than ever, and direct them to +hunting-grounds where the moose should be as +thick as the stars.</p> + +<p>“Fathers and warriors, we heard these words; +but we knew not what to do. We feared not the +Walkullas; the God of War, we saw, had given them +into our hands. But who were the strange tribe? +Were they armed as we were, and was their Great +Medicine (Great Spirit) like ours? Warriors, you +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> +all knew the Young Eagle, the son of the Old Eagle, +who is here with us; but his wings are feeble, he +flies no more to the field of blood. The Young +Eagle feared nothing but shame, and he said—</p> + +<p>“‘I see many men sit round a fire, I will go and +see who they are!’</p> + +<p>“He went. The Old Eagle looks at me as if he +would say, ‘Why went not the chief warrior himself?’ +I will tell you. The Head Buffalo is a head +taller than the tallest man of his tribe. Can the +moose crawl into the fox’s hole? Can the swan hide +himself under a little leaf? The Young Eagle +was little, save in his soul. He was not full-grown, +save in his heart. He could go and not be seen or +heard. He was the cunning black-snake which +creeps silently in the grass, and none thinks him +near till he strikes.</p> + +<p>“He came back and told us there were many +strange men a little way before us whose faces were +white, and who wore no skins, whose cabins were +white as the snow upon the Backbone of the Great +Spirit (the Alleghany Mountains), flat at the top, +and moving with the wind like the reeds on the +bank of a river; that they did not talk like the +Walkullas, but spoke a strange tongue, the like of +which he had never heard before. Many of our +warriors would have turned back to our own lands. +The Flying Squirrel said it was not cowardice to do +so; but the Head Buffalo never turns till he has +tasted the blood of his foes. The Young Eagle said +he had eaten the bitter root and put on the new +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span> +moccasins, and had been made a man, and his father +and the warriors would cry shame on him if he took +no scalp. Both he and the Head Buffalo said they +would go and attack the Walkullas and their friends +alone. The young warriors then said they would +also go to the battle, and with a great heart, as their +fathers had done. Then the Shawanos rushed upon +their foes.</p> + +<p>“The Walkullas fell before us like rain in the +summer months. We were as a fire among rushes. +We went upon them when they were unprepared, +when they were as children; and for a while the +Great Spirit gave them into our hands. But a +power rose up against us that we could not withstand. +The strange men came upon us armed with +thunder and lightning. Why delays my tongue to +tell its story? Fathers, your sons have fallen like +the leaves of a forest-tree in a high wind, like the +flowers of spring after a frost, like drops of rain in +the sturgeon moon! Warriors, the sprouts which +sprang up from the withered oaks have perished, +the young braves of our nation lie food for the +eagle and the wild-cat by the arm of the Great +Lake!</p> + +<p>“Fathers, the bolt from the strangers’ thunder +entered my flesh, yet I did not fly. These six scalps +I tore from the Walkullas, but this has yellow hair. +Have I done well?”</p> + +<p>The head chief and the counsellors answered he +had done very well, but Chenos answered—</p> + +<p>“No. You went into the Walkullas’ camp when +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span> +the tribe were feasting to the Great Spirit, and you +disturbed the sacrifice, and mixed human blood with +it. Therefore has this evil come upon us, for the +Great Spirit is very angry.”</p> + +<p>Then the head chief and the counsellors asked +Chenos what must be done to appease the Master of +Breath.</p> + +<p>Chenos answered—</p> + +<p>“The Head Buffalo, with the morning, will offer +to him that which he holds dearest.”</p> + +<p>The Head Buffalo looked upon the priests, and +said—</p> + +<p>“The Head Buffalo fears the Great Spirit. He +will kill a deer, and, in the morning, it shall be +burned to the Great Spirit.”</p> + +<p>Chenos said to him—</p> + +<p>“You have told the council how the battle was +fought and who fell; you have shown the spent +quiver and the scalps, but you have not spoken of +your prisoner. The Great Spirit keeps nothing hid +from his priests, of whom Chenos is one. He has +told me you have a prisoner, one with tender feet +and a trembling heart.”</p> + +<p>“Let any one say the Head Buffalo ever lied,” +replied the warrior. “He never spoke but truth. +He has a prisoner, a woman taken from the strange +camp, a daughter of the sun, a maiden from the +happy islands which no Shawano has ever seen, and +she shall live with me, and become the mother of +my children.”</p> + +<p>“Where is she?” asked the head chief.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span> +“She sits on the bank of the river at the bend +where we dug up the bones of the great beast, +beneath the tree which the Master of Breath shivered +with his lightnings. I placed her there because the +spot is sacred, and none dare disturb her. I will +go and fetch her to the council fire, but let no one +touch her or show anger, for she is fearful as a +young deer, and weeps like a child for its mother.”</p> + +<p>Soon he returned, and brought with him a woman. +She shook like a reed in the winter’s wind, and +many tears ran down her cheeks. The men sat as +though their tongues were frozen. Was she beautiful? +Go forth to the forest when it is clothed with +the flowers of spring, look at the tall maize when it +waves in the wind, and ask if they are beautiful. +Her skin was white as the snow which falls upon +the mountains beyond our lands, save upon her +cheeks, where it was red,—not such red as the Indian +paints when he goes to war, but such as the Master +of Life gives to the flower which grows among thorns. +Her eyes shone like the star which never moves. +Her step was like that of the deer when it is a little +scared.</p> + +<p>The Head Buffalo said to the council—</p> + +<p>“This is my prisoner. I fought hard for her. +Three warriors, tall, strong, and painted, three pale +men, armed with red lightning, stood at her side. +Where are they now? I bore her away in my arms, +for fear had overcome her. When night came on I +wrapped skins around her, and laid her under the +leafy branches of the tree to keep off the cold, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> +kindled a fire, and watched by her till the sun rose. +Who will say she shall not live with the Head +Buffalo, and be the mother of his children?”</p> + +<p>Then the Old Eagle got up, but he could not +walk strong, for he was the oldest warrior of his +tribe, and had seen the flowers bloom many times, +the infant trees of the forest die of old age, and the +friends of his boyhood laid in the dust. He went to +the woman, laid his hands on her head, and wept. +The other warriors, who had lost their kindred and +sons in the war with the Walkullas, shouted and +lamented. The woman also wept.</p> + +<p>“Where is the Young Eagle?” asked the Old +Eagle of the Head Buffalo. The other warriors, in +like manner, asked for their kindred who had been +killed.</p> + +<p>“Fathers, they are dead,” answered the warrior. +“The Head Buffalo has said they are dead, and he +never lies. But let my fathers take comfort. Who +can live for ever? The foot of the swift step and +the hand of the stout bow become feeble. The eye +grows dim, and the heart of many days quails at the +fierce glance of warriors. ’Twas better they should +die like brave men in their youth than become old +men and faint.”</p> + +<p>“We must have revenge,” they all cried. “We +will not listen to the young warrior who pines for +the daughter of the sun.”</p> + +<p>Then they began to sing a mournful song. The +strange woman wept. Tears rolled down her cheeks, +and she often looked up to the house of the Great +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> +Spirit and spoke, but none could understand her. +All the time the Old Eagle and the other warriors +begged that she should be burned to revenge them.</p> + +<p>“Brothers and warriors,” said Chenos, “our sons +did wrong when they broke in upon the sacred +dance the Walkullas made to their god, and he lent +his thunder to the strange warriors. Let us not +draw down his vengeance further by doing we know +not what. Let the beautiful woman remain this +night in the wigwam of the council, covered with +skins, and let none disturb her. To-morrow we will +offer a sacrifice of deer’s flesh to the Great Spirit, +and if he will not give her to the raging fire and the +torments of the avengers, he will tell us so by the +words of his mouth. If he does not speak, it shall +be done to her as the Old Eagle and his brothers +have said.”</p> + +<p>The head chief said—</p> + +<p>“Chenos has spoken well; wisdom is in his words. +Make for the strange woman a soft bed of skins, +and treat her kindly, for it may be she is a daughter +of the Great Spirit.”</p> + +<p>Then they all returned to their cabins and slept, +save the Head Buffalo, who, fearing for the woman’s +life, laid himself down at the door of the lodge, and +watched.</p> + +<p>When the morning came the warrior went to the +forest and killed a deer which he brought to Chenos, +who prepared it for a sacrifice, and sang a song while +the flesh lay on the fire.</p> + +<p>“Let us listen,” said Chenos, stopping the warriors +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span> +in their dance. “Let us see if the Great Spirit hears +us.”</p> + +<p>They listened, but could hear nothing. Chenos +asked him why he did not speak, but he did not +answer. Then they sang again.</p> + +<p>“Hush!” said Chenos listening. “I hear the crowing +of the Great Turkey-cock. I hear him speaking.”</p> + +<p>They stopped, and Chenos went close to the fire +and talked with his master, but nobody saw with +whom he talked.</p> + +<p>“What does the Great Spirit tell his prophet?” +asked the head chief.</p> + +<p>“He says,” answered Chenos, “the young woman +must not be offered to him. He wills her to live +and become the mother of many children.”</p> + +<p>Many were pleased that she was to live, but those +who had lost brothers or sons were not appeased, +and they said—</p> + +<p>“We will have blood. We will go to the priest +of the Evil Spirit, and ask him if his master will not +give us revenge.”</p> + +<p>Not far from where our nation had their council +fire was a great hill, covered with stunted trees and +moss, and rugged rocks. There was a great cave in +it, in which dwelt Sketupah, the priest of the Evil +One, who there did worship to his master. Sketupah +would have been tall had he been straight, but he +was more crooked than a bent bow. His hair was +like a bunch of grapes, and his eyes like two coals of +fire. Many were the gifts our nation made to him +to gain his favour, and the favour of his master. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> +Who but he feasted on the fattest buffalo hump? +Who but he fed on the earliest ear of milky corn, on +the best things that grew on the land or in the water?</p> + +<p>The Old Eagle went to the mouth of the cave and +cried with a loud voice—</p> + +<p>“Sketupah!”</p> + +<p>“Sketupah!” answered the hoarse voice of the +Evil One from the hollow cave. He soon came and +asked the Old Eagle what he wanted.</p> + +<p>“Revenge for our sons who have been killed by +the Walkullas and their friends. Will your master +hear us?”</p> + +<p>“My master must have a sacrifice; he must smell +blood,” answered Sketupah. “Then we shall know if +he will give revenge. Bring hither a sacrifice in the +morning.”</p> + +<p>So in the morning they brought a sacrifice, +and the priest laid it on the fire while he danced +around. He ceased singing and listened, but the +Evil Spirit answered not. Just as he was going +to commence another song the warriors saw a large +ball rolling very fast up the hill to the spot where +they stood. It was the height of a man. When it +came up to them it began to unwind itself slowly, +until at last a little strange-looking man crept out +of the ball, which was made of his own hair. He +was no higher than one’s shoulders. One of his +feet made a strange track, such as no warrior had +ever seen before. His face was as black as the shell +of the butter-nut or the feathers of the raven, and +his eyes as green as grass. His hair was of the colour +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> +of moss, and so long that, as the wind blew it out, it +seemed the tail of a fiery star.</p> + +<p>“What do you want of me?” he asked.</p> + +<p>The priest answered—</p> + +<p>“The Shawanos want revenge. They want to +sacrifice the beautiful daughter of the sun, whom the +Head Buffalo has brought from the camp of the +Walkullas.”</p> + +<p>“They shall have their wish,” said the Evil Spirit. +“Go and fetch her.”</p> + +<p>Then Old Eagle and the warriors fetched her. +Head Buffalo would have fought for her, but Chenos +commanded him to be still.</p> + +<p>“My master,” he said, “will see she does not +suffer.” Then they fastened her to the stake. The +head warrior had stood still, for he hoped that the +priest of the Great Spirit should snatch her away +from the Evil One. Now he shouted his war-cry +and rushed upon Sketupah. It was in vain. +Sketupah’s master did but breathe upon the face of +the warrior when he fell as though he had struck +him a blow, and never breathed more. Then the +Evil One commanded them to seize Chenos.</p> + +<p>“Come, my master,” cried Chenos, “for the +hands of the Evil One are upon me.”</p> + +<p>As soon as he had said this, very far over the tall +hills, which Indians call the Backbone of the Great +Spirit, the people saw two great lights, brighter and +larger than stars, moving very fast towards the land +of the Shawanos. One was just as high as another, +and they were both as high as the goat-sucker flies +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span> +before a thunderstorm. At first they were close +together, but as they came nearer they grew wider +apart. Soon our people saw that they were two eyes, +and in a little while the body of a great man, whose +head nearly reached the sky, came after them. +Brothers, the eyes of the Great Spirit always go +before him, and nothing is hid from his sight. +Brothers, I cannot describe the Master of Life as he +stood before the warriors of our nation. Can you +look steadily on the star of the morning?</p> + +<p>When the Evil Spirit saw the Spirit of Good coming, +he began to grow in stature, and continued swelling +until he was as tall and big as he. When the Spirit +of Good came near and saw how the Evil Spirit had +grown, he stopped, and, looking angry, said, with a +voice that shook the hills—</p> + +<p>“You lied; you promised to stay among the white +people and the nations towards the rising sun, and +not trouble my people more.”</p> + +<p>“This woman,” replied the Evil Spirit, “comes +from my country; she is mine.”</p> + +<p>“She is mine,” said the Great Spirit. “I had +given her for a wife to the warrior whom you have +killed. Tell me no more lies, bad manito, lest I +punish you. Away, and see you trouble my people +no more.”</p> + +<p>The cowardly spirit made no answer, but shrank +down to the size he was when he first came. Then +he began as before to roll himself up in his hair, +which he soon did, and then disappeared as he came. +When he was gone, the Great Spirit shrank till he +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span> +was no larger than a Shawano, and began talking +to our people in a soft sweet voice—</p> + +<p>“Men of the Shawanos nation, I love you and +have always loved you. I bade you conquer your +enemies; I gave your foes into your hands. I +sent herds of deer and many bears and moose to +your hunting-ground, and made my suns shine upon +your corn. Who lived so well, who fought so +bravely as the Shawanos? Whose women bore so +many sons as yours?</p> + +<p>“Why did you disturb the sacrifice which the +Walkullas were offering to me at the feast of green +corn? I was angry, and gave your warriors into the +hands of their enemies.</p> + +<p>“Shawanos, hear my words, and forget them not; +do as I bid you, and you shall see my power and my +goodness. Offer no further violence to the white +maiden, but treat her kindly. Go now and rake up +the ashes of the sacrifice fire into a heap, gathering +up the brands. When the great star of evening +rises, open the ashes, put in the body of the Head +Buffalo, lay on much wood, and kindle a fire on it. +Let all the nation be called together, for all must +assist in laying wood on the fire, but they must put +on no pine, nor the tree which bears white flowers, +nor the grape-vine which yields no fruit, nor the shrub +whose dew blisters the flesh. The fire must be +kept burning two whole moons. It must not go +out; it must burn night and day. On the first day +of the third moon put no wood on the fire, but let it +die. On the morning of the second day the Shawanos +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span> +must all come to the heap of ashes—every man, +woman, and child must come, and the aged who +cannot walk must be helped to it. Then Chenos +and the head chief must bring out the beautiful +woman, and place her near the ashes. This is the +will of the Great Spirit.”</p> + +<p>When he had finished these words he began to +swell until he had reached his former bulk and +stature. Then at each of his shoulders came out +a wing of the colour of the gold-headed pigeon. +Gently shaking these, he took flight from the land +of the Shawanos, and was never seen in those beautiful +regions again.</p> + +<p>The Shawanos did as he bade them. They raked +the ashes together, laid the body of Head Buffalo in +them, lighted the fire, and kept it burning the +appointed time. On the first day of the third moon +they let the fire out, assembled the nation around, +and placed the beautiful woman near the ashes. +They waited, and looked to see what would happen. +At last the priests and warriors who were nearest +began to shout, crying out—</p> + +<p>“Piqua!” which in the Shawanos tongue means a +man coming out of the ashes, or a man made of +ashes.</p> + +<p>They told no lie. There he stood, a man tall and +straight as a young pine, looking like a Shawanos, +but handsomer than any man of our nation. The +first thing he did was to cry the war-whoop, and +demand paint, a club, a bow and arrows, and a +hatchet,—all of which were given him. Looking +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span> +around he saw the white woman, and he walked up +to her, and gazed in her eyes. Then he came to the +head chief and said—</p> + +<p>“I must have that woman for my wife.”</p> + +<p>“What are you?” asked the chief.</p> + +<p>“A man of ashes,” he replied.</p> + +<p>“Who made you?”</p> + +<p>“The Great Spirit; and now let me go, that I +may take my bow and arrows, kill my deer, and come +back and take the beautiful maiden for my wife.”</p> + +<p>The chief asked Chenos—</p> + +<p>“Shall he have her? Does the Great Spirit give +her to him?”</p> + +<p>“Yes,” replied the priest. “The Great Spirit has +willed that he shall have her, and from them shall +arise a tribe to be called Piqua.”</p> + +<p>Brothers, I am a Piqua, descended from the man +made of ashes. If I have told you a lie, blame not +me, for I have but told the story as I heard it. +Brothers, I have done.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE EVIL MAKER.</h2> + + +<p>The Great Spirit made man, and all the good things +in the world, while the Evil Spirit was asleep. When +the Evil Spirit awoke he saw an Indian, and, wondering +at his appearance, he went to him and asked—</p> + +<p>“Who made you?”</p> + +<p>“The Great Spirit,” replied the man.</p> + +<p>“Oh, oh,” thought the Evil Spirit, “if he can make +such a being so can I.”</p> + +<p>So he went to work, and tried his best to make an +Indian like the man he saw, but he made some mistake, +and only made a black man. When he saw +that he had failed he was very angry, and in that +state was walking about when he met a black bear.</p> + +<p>“Who made you?” he asked.</p> + +<p>“The Great Spirit,” answered the bear.</p> + +<p>“Then,” thought the Evil Spirit, “I will make a +bear too.”</p> + +<p>To work he went, but do what he would he could +not make a black bear, but only a grizzly one, unfit +for food. More disgusted than before, he was walking +through the forest when he found a beautiful +serpent.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span> +“Who made you?” he asked.</p> + +<p>“The Great Spirit,” replied the serpent.</p> + +<p>“Then I will make some like you,” said the Evil +Maker.</p> + +<p>He tried his best, but the serpents he made were +all noisome and poisonous, and he saw that he had +failed again.</p> + +<p>Then it occurred to him that he might make some +trees and flowers, but all his efforts only resulted in +his producing some poor deformed trees and weeds.</p> + +<p>Then he said—</p> + +<p>“It is true, I have failed in making things like the +Great Spirit, but I can at least spoil what he has +made.”</p> + +<p>And he went off to put murder and lies in the +hearts of men.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p> +<h2>MANABOZHO THE WOLF.</h2> + + +<p>Manabozho set out to travel. He wished to outdo +all others, and see new countries, but after walking +over America, and encountering many adventures, he +became satisfied as well as fatigued. He had heard +of great feats in hunting, and felt a desire to try his +power in that way.</p> + +<p>One evening, as he was walking along the shores +of a great lake, weary and hungry, he encountered +a great magician in the form of an old wolf, with six +young ones, coming towards him. The wolf, as soon +as he saw him, told his whelps to keep out of the +way of Manabozho.</p> + +<p>“For I know,” said he, “that it is he we see +yonder.”</p> + +<p>The young wolves were in the act of running off, +when Manabozho cried out—</p> + +<p>“My grandchildren, where are you going? Stop, +and I will go with you.”</p> + +<p>He appeared rejoiced to see the old wolf, and +asked him whither he was journeying. Being told +that they were looking out for a place where they +could find the most game, and best pass the winter, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> +he said he should like to go with them, and addressed +the old wolf in these words—</p> + +<p>“Brother, I have a passion for the chase. Are +you willing to change me into a wolf?”</p> + +<p>The old wolf was agreeable, and Manabozho’s +transformation was effected.</p> + +<p>He was fond of novelty. He found himself a +wolf corresponding in size with the others, but he +was not quite satisfied with the change, crying out—</p> + +<p>“Oh! make me a little larger.”</p> + +<p>They did so.</p> + +<p>“A little larger still,” he cried.</p> + +<p>They said—</p> + +<p>“Let us humour him,” and granted his request.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said he, “that will do.” Then looking +at his tail—</p> + +<p>“Oh!” cried he, “make my tail a little longer and +more bushy.”</p> + +<p>They made it so, and shortly after they all started +off in company, dashing up a ravine. After getting +into the woods some distance, they fell in with the +tracks of moose. The young wolves went after them, +Manabozho and the old wolf following at their +leisure.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said the wolf, “who do you think is the +fastest of my sons? Can you tell by the jumps +they take?”</p> + +<p>“Why,” replied he, “that one that takes such +long jumps; he is the fastest, to be sure.”</p> + +<p>“Ha, ha! You are mistaken,” said the old wolf. +“He makes a good start, but he will be the first to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> +tire out. This one who appears to be behind will +be the first to kill the game.”</p> + +<p>Soon after they came to the place where the +young ones had killed the game. One of them had +dropped his bundle there.</p> + +<p>“Take that, Manabozho,” said the old wolf.</p> + +<p>“Esa,” he replied, “what will I do with a dirty +dog-skin?”</p> + +<p>The wolf took it up; it was a beautiful robe.</p> + +<p>“Oh! I will carry it now,” said Manabozho.</p> + +<p>“Oh no,” replied the wolf, who at the moment +exerted his magic power. “It is a robe of pearls.”</p> + +<p>From that moment he lost no opportunity of displaying +his superiority, both in the hunter’s and +magician’s art, over his conceited companion.</p> + +<p>Coming to a place where the moose had lain down, +they saw that the young wolves had made a fresh +start after their prey.</p> + +<p>“Why,” said the wolf, “this moose is poor. I +know by the tracks, for I can always tell whether +they are fat or not.”</p> + +<p>They next came to a place where one of the +wolves had tried to bite the moose, and, failing, had +broken one of his teeth on a tree.</p> + +<p>“Manabozho,” said the wolf, “one of your grandchildren +has shot at the game. Take his arrow. +There it is.”</p> + +<p>“No,” replied he, “what will I do with a dirty +tooth?”</p> + +<p>The old wolf took it up, and, behold! it was a +beautiful silver arrow.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> +When they overtook the young ones, they found +they had killed a very fat moose. Manabozho was +very hungry, but, such is the power of enchantment, +he saw nothing but bones, picked quite clean. He +thought to himself—</p> + +<p>“Just as I expected. Dirty, greedy fellows!”</p> + +<p>However, he sat down without saying a word, and +the old wolf said to one of the young ones—</p> + +<p>“Give some meat to your grandfather.”</p> + +<p>The wolf, coming near to Manabozho, opened his +mouth wide as if he had eaten too much, whereupon +Manabozho jumped up, saying—</p> + +<p>“You filthy dog, you have eaten so much that +you are ill. Get away to some other place.”</p> + +<p>The old wolf, hearing these words, came to Manabozho, +and, behold! before him was a heap of fresh +ruddy meat with the fat lying all ready prepared. +Then Manabozho put on a smiling-face.</p> + +<p>“Amazement!” cried he, “how fine the meat is!”</p> + +<p>“Yes,” replied the wolf; “it is always so with +us. We know our work, and always get the best. +It is not a long tail that makes a hunter.”</p> + +<p>Manabozho bit his lip.</p> + +<p>They then commenced fixing their winter quarters, +while the young ones went out in search of game, of +which they soon brought in a large supply. One day, +during the absence of the young wolves, the old one +amused himself by cracking the large bones of a moose.</p> + +<p>“Manabozho,” said he, “cover your head with the +robe, and do not look at me while I am at these +bones, for a piece may fly in your eye.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> +Manabozho covered his head, but, looking through +a rent in the robe, he saw all the other was about. +At that moment a piece of bone flew off and hit him +in the eye. He cried out—</p> + +<p>“Tyau! Why do you strike me, you old dog!”</p> + +<p>The wolf said—</p> + +<p>“You must have been looking at me.”</p> + +<p>“No, no,” replied Manabozho; “why should I +want to look at you?”</p> + +<p>“Manabozho,” said the wolf, “you must have been +looking, or you would not have got hurt.”</p> + +<p>“No, no,” said Manabozho; and he thought to +himself, “I will repay the saucy wolf for this.”</p> + +<p>Next day, taking up a bone to obtain the marrow, +he said to the old wolf—</p> + +<p>“Cover your head, and don’t look at me, for I +fear a piece may fly in your eye.”</p> + +<p>The wolf did so. Then Manabozho took the +leg-bone of the moose, and, looking first to see if +the old wolf was well covered, he hit him a blow +with all his might. The wolf jumped up, and cried +out—</p> + +<p>“Why do you strike me so?”</p> + +<p>“Strike you?” exclaimed Manabozho. “I did +not strike you!”</p> + +<p>“You did,” said the wolf.</p> + +<p>“How can you say I did, when you did not see me. +Were you looking?” said Manabozho.</p> + +<p>He was an expert hunter when he undertook the +work in earnest, and one day he went out and killed +a fat moose. He was very hungry, and sat down to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span> +eat, but fell into great doubts as to the proper point +in the carcass to begin at.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said he, “I don’t know where to commence. +At the head? No. People would laugh, +and say, ‘He ate him backward!’”</p> + +<p>Then he went to the side.</p> + +<p>“No,” said he, “they will say I ate him sideways.”</p> + +<p>He then went to the hind-quarter.</p> + +<p>“No,” said he, “they will say I ate him forward.”</p> + +<p>At last, however, seeing that he must begin the +attack somewhere, he commenced upon the hind-quarter. +He had just got a delicate piece in his +mouth when the tree just by began to make a creaking +noise, rubbing one large branch against another. +This annoyed him.</p> + +<p>“Why!” he exclaimed, “I cannot eat when I hear +such a noise. Stop, stop!” cried he to the tree.</p> + +<p>He was again going on with his meal when the +noise was repeated.</p> + +<p>“I cannot eat with such a noise,” said he; and, +leaving the meal, although he was very hungry, he +went to put a stop to the noise. He climbed the +tree, and having found the branches which caused +the disturbance, tried to push them apart, when they +suddenly caught him between them, so that he was +held fast. While he was in this position a pack of +wolves came near.</p> + +<p>“Go that way,” cried Manabozho, anxious to send +them away from the neighbourhood of his meat. +“Go that way; what would you come to get here?”</p> + +<p>The wolves talked among themselves, and said, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span>, +“Manabozho wants to get us out of the way. He +must have something good here.”</p> + +<p>“I begin to know him and all his tricks,” said an +old wolf. “Let us see if there is anything.”</p> + +<p>They accordingly began to search, and very soon +finding the moose made away with the whole carcass. +Manabozho looked on wistfully, and saw them eat +till they were satisfied, when they left him nothing +but bare bones. Soon after a blast of wind opened +the branches and set him free. He went home, +thinking to himself—</p> + +<p>“See the effect of meddling with frivolous things +when certain good is in one’s possession!”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE MAN-FISH.</h2> + + +<p>A very great while ago the ancestors of the +Shawanos nation lived on the other side of the +Great Lake, half-way between the rising sun and the +evening star. It was a land of deep snows and +much frost, of winds which whistled in the clear, +cold nights, and storms which travelled from seas no +eyes could reach. Sometimes the sun ceased to shine +for moons together, and then he was continually +before their eyes for as many more. In the season +of cold the waters were all locked up, and the snows +overtopped the ridge of the cabins. Then he shone +out so fiercely that men fell stricken by his fierce +rays, and were numbered with the snow that had +melted and run to the embrace of the rivers. It +was not like the beautiful lands—the lands blessed +with soft suns and ever-green vales—in which the +Shawanos now dwell, yet it was well stocked with +deer, and the waters with fat seals and great fish, +which were caught just when the people pleased to +go after them. Still, the nation were discontented, +and wished to leave their barren and inhospitable +shores. The priests had told them of a beautiful +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> +world beyond the Great Salt Lake, from which the +glorious sun never disappeared for a longer time +than the duration of a child’s sleep, where snow-shoes +were never wanted—a land clothed with +perpetual verdure, and bright with never-failing +gladness. The Shawanos listened to these tales till +they came to loathe their own simple comforts; all +they talked of, all they appeared to think of, was +the land of the happy hunting-grounds.</p> + +<p>Once upon a time the people were much terrified +at seeing a strange creature, much resembling a +man, riding along the waves of the lake on the +borders of which they dwelt. He had on his head +long green hair; his face was shaped like that of a +porpoise, and he had a beard of the colour of ooze.</p> + +<p>If the people were frightened at seeing a man who +could live in the water like a fish or a duck, how +much more were they frightened when they saw +that from his breast down he was actually fish, or +rather two fishes, for each of his legs was a whole +and distinct fish. When they heard him speak distinctly +in their own language, and when he sang +songs sweeter than the music of birds in spring, or +the whispers of love from the lips of a beautiful +maiden, they thought it a being from the Land of +Shades—a spirit from the happy fishing-grounds +beyond the lake of storms.</p> + +<p>He would sit for a long time, his fish-legs coiled +up under him, singing to the wondering ears of the +Indians upon the shore the pleasures he experienced, +and the beautiful and strange things he saw in the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span> +depths of the ocean, always closing his strange +stories with these words, shouted at the top of his +voice—</p> + +<p>“Follow me, and see what I will show you.”</p> + +<p>Every day, when the waves were still and the +winds had gone to their resting-place in the depths +of the earth, the monster was sure to be seen near +the shore where the Shawanos dwelt. For a great +many suns they dared not venture upon the water +in quest of food, doing nothing but wander along +the beach, watching the strange creature as he +played his antics upon the surface of the waves, +listening to his songs and to his invitation—</p> + +<p>“Follow me, and see what I will show you.”</p> + +<p>The longer he stayed the less they feared him. +They became used to him, and in time looked upon +him as a spirit who was not made for harm, nor +wished to injure the poor Indian. Then they grew +hungry, and their wives and little ones cried for +food, and, as hunger banishes all fear, in a few days +three canoes with many men and warriors ventured +off to the rocks in quest of fish.</p> + +<p>When they reached the fishing-place, they heard +as before the voice shouting—</p> + +<p>“Follow me, and see what I will show you.”</p> + +<p>Presently the man-fish appeared, sitting on the +water, with his legs folded under him, and his arms +crossed on his breast, as they had usually seen him. +There he sat, eying them attentively. When they +failed to draw in the fish they had hooked, he would +make the water shake and the deep echo with shouts +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> +of laughter, and would clap his hands with great +noise, and cry—</p> + +<p>“Ha, ha! there he fooled you.”</p> + +<p>When a fish was caught he was very angry. +When the fishers had tried long and patiently, and +taken little, and the sun was just hiding itself +behind the dark clouds which skirted the region +of warm winds, the strange creature cried out still +stronger than before—</p> + +<p>“Follow me, and see what I will show you.”</p> + +<p>Kiskapocoke, who was the head man of the tribe, +asked him what he wanted, but he would make no +other answer than—</p> + +<p>“Follow me.”</p> + +<p>“Do you think,” said Kiskapocoke, “I would be +such a fool as to go I don’t know with whom, and I +don’t know where?”</p> + +<p>“See what I will show you,” cried the man-fish.</p> + +<p>“Can you show us anything better than we have +yonder?” asked the warrior.</p> + +<p>“I will show you,” replied the monster, “a land +where there is a herd of deer for every one that +skips over your hills, where there are vast droves of +creatures larger than your sea-elephants, where there +is no cold to freeze you, where the sun is always soft +and smiling, where the trees are always in bloom.”</p> + +<p>The people began to be terrified, and wished +themselves on land, but the moment they tried to +paddle towards the shore, some invisible hand would +seize their canoes and draw them back, so that an +hour’s labour did not enable them to gain the length +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> +of their boat in the direction of their homes. At +last Kiskapocoke said to his companions—</p> + +<p>“What shall we do?”</p> + +<p>“Follow me,” said the fish.</p> + +<p>Then Kiskapocoke said to his companions—</p> + +<p>“Let us follow him, and see what will come of it.”</p> + +<p>So they followed him,—he swimming and they +paddling, until night came. Then a great wind and +deep darkness prevailed, and the Great Serpent +commenced hissing in the depths of the ocean. The +people were terribly frightened, and did not think +to live till another sun, but the man-fish kept close to +the boats, and bade them not be afraid, for nothing +should hurt them.</p> + +<p>When morning came, nothing could be seen of the +shore they had left. The winds still raged, the seas +were very high, and the waters ran into their canoes +like melted snows over the brows of the mountains, +but the man-fish handed them large shells, with +which they baled the water out. As they had +brought neither food nor water with them, they had become +both hungry and thirsty. Kiskapocoke told the +strange creature they wanted to eat and drink, and +that he must supply them with what they required.</p> + +<p>“Very well,” said the man-fish, and, disappearing +in the depths of the water, he soon reappeared, +bringing with him a bag of parched corn and a shell +full of sweet water.</p> + +<p>For two moons and a half the fishermen followed +the man-fish, till at last one morning their guide +exclaimed—</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> +“Look there!”</p> + +<p>Upon that they looked in the direction he pointed +out to them and saw land, high land, covered +with great trees, and glittering as the sand of the +Spirit’s Island. Behind the shore rose tall mountains, +from the tops of which issued great flames, +which shot up into the sky, as the forks of the lightning +cleave the clouds in the hot moon. The waters +of the Great Salt Lake broke in small waves upon +its shores, which were covered with sporting seals +and wild ducks pluming themselves in the beams of +the warm and gentle sun. Upon the shore stood a +great many strange people, but when they saw the +strangers step upon the land and the man-fish, they +fled to the woods like startled deer, and were no +more seen.</p> + +<p>When the warriors were safely landed, the man-fish +told them to let the canoe go; “for,” said he, +“you will never need it more.” They had travelled +but a little way into the woods when he bade them +stay where they were, while he told the spirit of the +land that the strangers he had promised were come, +and with that he descended into a deep cave near at +hand. He soon returned, accompanied by a creature +as strange in appearance as himself. His legs and +feet were those of a man. He had leggings and +moccasins like an Indian’s, tightly laced and beautifully +decorated with wampum, but his head was like +a goat’s. He talked like a man, and his language +was one well understood by the strangers.</p> + +<p>“I will lead you,” he said, “to a beautiful land, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span> +to a most beautiful land, men from the clime of +snows. There you will find all the joys an Indian +covets.”</p> + +<p>For many moons the Shawanos travelled under +the guidance of the man-goat, into whose hands the +man-fish had put them, when he retraced his steps to +the Great Lake. They came at length to the land +which the Shawanos now occupy. They found it as +the strange spirits had described it. They married +the daughters of the land, and their numbers increased +till they were so many that no one could +count them. They grew strong, swift, and valiant +in war, keen and patient in the chase. They overcame +all the tribes eastward of the River of Rivers, +and south to the shore of the Great Lake.</p> + + +<p class="center" style="padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 3em;">Printed by T. and A. <span class="smcap">Constable</span>, Printers to Her Majesty,<br /> +at the Edinburgh University Press.</p> + + + +<div class="bbox"> +<p><b>Transcriber's Note</b></p> + +<p>Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.</p> + +<p>All Native American words have been kept as originally printed, including +those with variation in hyphenation or spelling.</p> + +<p>The advertisement has been moved to follow the title page.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Folk-Lore and Legends: North American +Indian, by Anonymous + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOLK-LORE AND LEGENDS *** + +***** This file should be named 22072-h.htm or 22072-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/0/7/22072/ + +Produced by Julie Barkley, Sam W. and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> |