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diff --git a/23027.txt b/23027.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e59d82 --- /dev/null +++ b/23027.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4201 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 69, February 22, +1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 69, February 22, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 13, 2007 [EBook #23027] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{129} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 69.] +SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22. 1851. +[Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + + NOTES:-- Page + + The Rolliad, by Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, &c. 129 + + Note on Palamon and Arcite 131 + + Folk Lore:--"Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole"--The + Evil Eye--"Millery, Millery, Dousty-poll," + &c.--"Nettle in, Dock out" 132 + + The Scaligers, by Waldegrave Brewster 133 + + Inedited Ballad on Truth, by K. R. H. Mackenzie 134 + + Minor Notes:--Ayot St. Lawrence Church--Johannes + Secundus--Parnel--Dr. Johnson--The King's + Messengers, by the Rev. W. Adams--Parallel Passages--Cause + of Rarity of William IV.'s Copper Coinage--Burnett--Coleridge's + Opinion of Defoe--Miller's + "Philosophy of Modern History"--Anticipations of + Modern Ideas or Inventions--"Sun, stand thou still + upon Gibeon!"--Langley's Polidore Vergile, &c. 135 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bibliographical Queries 138 + + Shakspeare's "Antony and Cleopatra" 139 + + Green's "Groathsworth of Witte," by J. O. Halliwell 140 + + Minor Queries:--Fronte Capillata--Prayer of Bishop + of Nantes--Advantage of a Bad Ear--Imputed Letters + of Sullustius or Sallustius--Rev. W. Adams--Mr. + Beard, Vicar of Greenwich--Goddard's History + of Lynn--Sir Andrew Chadwick--Sangaree--King + John at Lincoln--Canes lesi--Headings of Chapters + in English Bibles--Abbot Eustacius and Angodus de + Lindsei--Oration against Demosthenes--Pun--Sonnet + (query by Milton?)--Medal given to Howard--Withers' + Devil at Sarum--Election of a Pope--Battle + in Wilshire--Colonel Fell--Tennyson's "In + Memoriam"--Magnum Sedile--Ace of Diamonds: + the Earl of Cork--Closing of Rooms on account of + Death--Standfast's Cordial Comforts--"Predeceased" + and "Designed"--Lady Fights at Atherton, &c. 140 + + REPLIES:-- + + The Episcopal Mitre and Papal Tiara, by A. Rich, + Jun., &c. 144 + + Dryden's Essay upon Satire, by J. Crossley 146 + + Foundation-stone of St. Mark's at Venice 147 + + Histoire des Sevarambes 147 + + Touching for the Evil, by C. H. Cooper 148 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Forged Papal Bulls-- + Obeism--Pillgarlick--Hornbooks--Bacon--Lachrymatories + --Scandal against Queen Elizabeth--Meaning + of Cefn--Portrait of Archbishop Williams--Sir + Alexander Cumming--Pater-noster Tackling--Welsh + Words for Water--Early Culture of the + Imagination--Venville--Cum Grano Salis--Hoops--Cranmer's + Descendants--Shakspeare's Use of the + Word "Captious"--Boiling to Death--Dozen of + Bread--Friday Weather--Saint Paul's Clock--Lunardi--Outline + in Painting--Handbell before a Corpse--Brandon + the Juggler--"Words are Men's Daughters"--"Fine + by degrees, and beautifully less"--"The + Soul's dark Cottage"--"Beauty Retire"--Mythology + of the Stars--Simon Bache--Thesaurarius + Hospitii--Winifreda--Queries on Costume--Antiquitas + Saecula Juventus Mundi--Lady Bingham--Proclamation + of Langholme Fair, &c. 149 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 158 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 158 + + Notices to Correspondents 158 + + Advertisements 159 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +THE ROLLIAD. + +(22d Ed., 1812.) + +Finding that my copy of _The Rolliad_ ("NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. +373.) contains fuller information regarding the authors than has yet +appeared in your valuable periodical, I forward you a transcript of the MS. +notes, most of which are certified by the initial of Dr Lawrence, from +whose copy all of them were taken by the individual who gave me the volume. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + + Wallington, Morpeth. + + * * * * * + + Advertisement. Dr. Lawrence. + Advertisement to 4th Edition. Do. + Explanation of Frontispiece and Title. Do. + Dedication. Do. + Rollo Family. E. T. and R. "This was the piece first published, and the + origin of all that followed." + Extract from Dedication. Fitzpatrick. "The title of these verses gave + rise to the vehicle of Criticisms on _The Rolliad_."--L. + +_Criticisms._ + +No. 1. Ellis. The passage in p. 2, from "His first exploit" to "what it +loses in sublimity," "inserted by Dr. L. to preserve the parody of Virgil, +and break this number with one more poetical passage."--L. + +No. 2. Ellis. "This vehicle of political satire not proving immediately +impressive, was here abandoned by its original projector, who did not take +it up again till the second part."--L. + + No. 3. Dr. Lawrence. Verses on Mr. Dundas by G. Ellis. + 4. Richardson. + 5. Fitzpatrick. + 6. Dr. Lawrence. + 7. Do. + 8. Do. + 9. Fitzpatrick. + 10. Richardson. + 11. Do. + 12. Fitzpatrick. + 13. Dr. Lawrence. + 14. Do. + +{130} + +_The French Inscriptions by Ellis._ + +PART II. + + No. 1. Ellis + 2. Do. + 3. Richardson. + 4. Do. + 5. Fitzpatrick. + 6. R----d. + 7. Dr. Lawrence. + +The passage commencing "The learned Mr. Daniel Barrington," to "drawing a +long bow," "inserted by R----d under the verbal suggestions of Dr. +Lawrence." + + The Rose. Dr. Lawrence. + The Lyars. Fitzpatrick. + Margaret Nicholson. Lines 2-12, by Dr. Lawrence; the rest by A. (Adair.) + Charles Jenkinson. Ellis. + Jekyll. Lines 73. to 100., "inserted by Tickle;" 156. to end, "altered + and enlarged by Tickle;" the rest by Lord J. Townsend. (At the end of + Jekyll is the note which I have already sent to the "NOTES AND + QUERIES," Vol. ii, p. 373.--W. C. T.) + +_Probationary Odes._ + + Preliminary Discourse. G. Ellis or Tickle. Q. + Thoughts on Ode-writing. Tickle. + Recommendatory Testimonies. Tickle. "I believe all the Testimonies are + his, unless the last be by Lord John Townsend."--L. + Warton's Ascension. Tickle. + Laureat Election. Richardson. "The first suggestion of the vehicle for + Probationary Odes for the Laureatship came (as I understood, for I + was not present) from the Rev. Dudley Bate."--L. + Irregular Ode. Tickle. + Ode on New Year. Ellis. + Ode No. 3. Dudley Bate. + 4. Richardson. + 6. Anonymous, communicated by Tickle. + 7. Anonymous. + 8. "Brummell." "Some slight corrections were made by L., and one + or two lines supplied by others."--L. + 9. Tickle. "The first draft of this ode was by Stratford + Canning, a merchant in the city; but of his original + performance little or nothing remains except five or six + lines in the third Stanza."--L. + 10. "Pearce, (I believe) Brother-in-law of Dudley Bate."--L. + 11. "Boscawen, (I believe) afterwards of the Victualling Office, + communicated by Tickle."--L. + 12. Lord John Townsend,--"Three or four lines in the last stanza, + and perhaps one or two in some of the former, were inserted + by Tickle."--L. + 13. "Anonymous, sent by the Post."--L. + 14. "The Rev. O'Byrne. + 'This political Parson's a *B'liever! most odd! He b'lieves + he's a Poet, but don't b'lieve in God!'--_Sheridan._ + * Dr. O'B. pronounces the word believe in this manner." + 15. Fitzpatrick. + 16. Dr. Lawrence. + 17. Genl. Burgoyne. + 18. R----d. + 19. Richardson. + 20. Ellis. + 21. Address. Dr. Lawrence. For "William York" read "William + Ebor." + Pindaric Ode. Dr Lawrence. + 22. The Prose and Proclamation, "by Tickle or Richardson."--L. + Table of Instructions. Tickle or Richardson. + +_Political Miscellanies._ + + To the Public. R----d. + Odes to W. Pitt. Fitzpatrick. + My Own Translation, prefixed to Ode 2nd. Dr. Lawrence. + The Statesmen. R----d. + Rondeau. Dr. Lawrence. + In the third Rondeau, for "pining in his spleen" read "moving honest + spleen."--L. All the Rondeaus are by Dr. L. + The Delavaliad. Richardson. + Epigrams. Tickle and Richardson. + Lord Graham's Diary. "Tickle, I believe."--L. + Lord Mulgrave's Essays. Ellis. + Anecdotes of Pitt. G. Ellis. + A Tale. Sheridan. + Morals. Richardson. + Dialogue. Lord John Townsend. + Prettymania. + +_Epigrams._ + + No. 1. Dr. Lawrence. + " 32. Do. + " 33. Do. + " 37. Do. + +_Foreign Epigrams._ + + No. 1. Ellis. + " 2. Rev. O'Byrne. + " 3. Do. + " 4. Do. + " 5. Do. + " 6. Dr. Lawrence. + " 7. Do. + " 8. Do. + " 9. Do. + " 10. Do. + " 11. Tickle. + " 12. Do. + +"Most of the English Epigrams unmarked are by Tickle, some by Richardson, +D. Bate, R----d, and others."--L. + + Advertisement Extraordinary. Dr. Lawrence. + Paragraph Office. Do. + Pitt and Pinetti. "Ellis, I believe."--L. + The Westminster Guide. Genl. Burgoyne. + A new Ballad. Lord J. Townsend or Tickle. + {131} + Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey. R----d. + ---- by Mr. Wilberforce. Ellis. + Original Letter. A. (Adair.) + Congratulatory Ode. Courtenay. + Ode to Sir Elijah Impey. "Anonymous--I believe L. J. Townsend."--L. + Song, to tune "Let the Sultan Saladin." R----d. + A new Song, "Billy's Budget." Fitzpatrick. + Epigrams. R----d. + Ministerial Facts. "Ld. J. Townsend, I believe."--L. + Journal of the Right Hon. H. Dundas. + To end of March 7th. Tierney. + March 9th and 10th. Dr. Lawrence. + March 11th. Tierney. + March 12th and 13th. C. Grey. + March 14th. Tierney. + "This came out in numbers, or rather in continuations, in the + Newspaper."--L. + Incantation. Fitzpatrick. + Translations. "Tickle, Richardson, R----d, and others."--L. + + * * * * * + +The "Memoranda" &c., respecting _The Rolliad_, at Vol. ii., p. 439., +recalled to my recollection a "Note" made several years back; but the +"Query" was, where to find that Note? However, I made a mental note, "when +found," to forward it to you, and by the merest chance it has turned up, or +rather, out; for it fell from within an old "Common Place Book," when--I +must not take credit for being in search of it, but, in fact, in quest of +another note. Should you consider it likely to interest either your +correspondents, contributors, or readers, you are much welcome to it; and +in that case, to have troubled you with this will not be regretted by + +C. W. + + Stoke, Bucks. + +_The Rolliad._--(_Memorandum in Sir James Mackintosh's copy of that work._) + +"Bombay, 23rd June, 1804. + +"Before I left London in February last, I received from my old friend, T. +Courtenay, Esq., M.P., notes, of which the following is a copy, giving +account of the Authors of _The Rolliad_, and of the series of Political +Satires which followed it:-- + + Extract from Dedication. Fitzpatrick. + Nos. 1. 2. G. Ellis. + No. 3. Dr. Lawrence. + No. 4. J. Richardson. + No. 5. Fitzpatrick. + Nos. 6. 7. 8. Dr. Lawrence. + No. 9. Fitzpatrick. + Nos. 10. 11. J. Richardson. + No. 12. Fitzpatrick. + Nos. 13. 14. Dr. Lawrence. + + PART II. + + Nos. 1. 2. G. Ellis + Nos. 3. 4. J. Richardson. + No. 5. Fitzpatrick. + No. 6. Read. + No. 7. Dr. Lawrence. + + _Political Eclogues._ + + Rose. Fitzpatrick. + The Lyars. Do. + Margaret Nicholson. R. Adair. + C. Jenkinson. G. Ellis. + Jekyll, Lord J. Townsend and Tickell. + + _Probationary Odes._ + + No. 1. Tickell. + 2. G. Ellis. + 3. H. B. Dudley. + 4. J. Richardson. + 5. J. Ellis. ?G. + 6. Unknown. + 7. (Mason's). Do. + 8. Brummell. + 9. Sketched by Canning, the Eton Boy, finished by Tickell. + 10. Pearce. ? + 11. Boscawen. + 12. Lord J. Townsend. + 13. Unknown. Mr. C. believes it to be Mrs. Debbing, wife of Genl. D. + 14. Rev. Mr. O'Byrne. + 15. Fitzpatrick. + 16. Dr. Lawrence. + 17. Genl. Burgoyne. + 18. Read. + 19. Richardson. + 20. G. Ellis. + 21. Do. + 22. Do. + +"If ever my books should escape this obscure corner, the above memorandum +will interest some curious collector. + +"JAMES MACKINTOSH. + +"The above list, as far as it relates to Richardson, is confirmed by his +printed Life, from which I took a note at Lord J. Townsend's four days ago. + +"J. MACKINTOSH. 18 Nov., 1823." + + * * * * * + +NOTE ON PALAMON AND ARCITE. + +It has probably often been remarked as somewhat curious, that Chaucer, in +describing the arrival of Palamon and Arcite at Athens, mentions the day of +the week on which it takes place: + + "And in this wise, these lordes all and some, + Ben on the Sonday to the citee come," &c. + +Nothing seems to depend on their coming on one day of the week rather than +on another. In reality, however, this apparently insignificant circumstance +is astrologically connected with the issue of the contest. Palamon, who on +the morning of the following day makes his prayer to Venus, succeeds at +last in winning Emelie, though Arcite, who commends himself to Mars, +conquers him in the tournament. The prayers of both are granted, because +both address themselves to their tutelary deities at hours over which these +deities respectively preside. In order to understand this, we must call to +mind the astrological explanation {132} of the names of the days of the +week. According to Dio Cassius, the Egyptians divided the day into +twenty-four hours, and supposed each of them to be in an especial manner +influenced by some one of the planets. The first hour of the day had the +prerogative of giving its name, or rather that of the planet to which it +was subject, to the whole day. Thus, for instance, Saturn presides over the +first hour of the day, which is called by his name; Jupiter over the +second, and so on; the Moon, as the lowest of the planets, presiding over +the seventh. Again, the eighth is subject to Saturn, and the same cycle +recommences at the fifteenth and at the twenty-second hours. The +twenty-third hour is therefore subject to Jupiter, and the twenty-fourth to +Mars. Consequently, the first hour of the following day is subject to the +sun, and the day itself is accordingly dies Solis, or Sunday. Precisely in +the same way it follows that the next day will be dies Lunae; and so on +throughout the week. To this explanation it has been objected that the +names of the days are more ancient than the division of the day into +twenty-four parts; and Joseph Scaliger has attempted to derive the names of +the days from those of the planets, without reference to this method of +division. His explanation, however, which is altogether geometrical, +inasmuch as it depends on the properties of the heptagon, seems quite +unsatisfactory, though Selden appears to have been inclined to adopt it. At +any rate, the account of the matter given by Dio Cassius has generally been +accepted. + +To return to Chaucer: Theseus, as we know, had erected in the place where +the tournament was to be held three oratories, dedicated to Mars, to Venus, +and to Diana. On the day after their arrival, namely, on Monday, Palamon +and Arcite offered their prayers to Venus and Mars respectively, and +Emelie, in like manner, to Diana. Of Palamon we are told that-- + + "He rose, to wenden on his pilgrimage + Unto the blisful Citherea benigne" + +two hours before it was day, and that he repaired to her temple "in hire +hour." + +In the third hour afterwards, + + "Up rose the sonne, and up rose Emelie + And to the temple of Diane gan hie." + +Her prayer also was favourably heard by the deity to whom it was addressed; +the first hour of Monday (the natural day beginning at sunrise) being +subject to Luna or Diana. The orisons of Palamon were offered two hours +earlier, namely, in the twenty-third hour of Sunday, which is similarly +subject to Venus, the twenty-fourth or last hour belonging to Mercury, the +planet intermediate between Venus and the Moon. It is on this account that +Palamon is said to have prayed to Venus in her hour. + +Arcite's vows were made later in the day than those of Palamon and Emelie. +We are told that + + "The nexte hour of Mars following this," + +(namely after Emelie's return from the temple of Diana) + + "Arcite unto the temple walked is + Of fierce Mars." + +The first hour of Mars is on Monday, the fourth hour of the day; so that as +the tournament took place in April or May, Arcite went to the temple of +Mars about eight or nine o'clock. + +It may be well to explain the word "inequal" in the lines-- + + "The thridde hour inequal that Palamon + Began to Venus temple for to gon, + Up rose the sonne, and up rose Emelie." + +In astrology, the heavens are divided into twelve houses, corresponding to +a division of the ecliptic into twelve equal parts, the first of which is +measured from the point of the ecliptic which is on the horizon and about +to rise above it, at the instant which the astrologer has to consider, +namely, the instant of birth in the case of a nativity, or that in which a +journey or any other enterprise is undertaken. + +The hours inequal here spoken of similarly correspond to a division of the +ecliptic into twenty-four parts, so that each house comprehends the +portions of the ecliptic belonging to two of these hours, provided the +division into houses is made at sunrise, when the first hour commences. It +is obvious that these astrological hours will be of unequal length, as +equal portions of the ecliptic subtend unequal angles at the pole of the +equator. + +With regard to the time of year at which the tournament takes place, there +seems to be an inconsistency. Palamon escapes from prison on the 3rd of +May, and is discovered by Theseus on the 5th. Theseus fixes "this day fifty +wekes" for the rendezvous at Athens, so that the tournament seems to fall +in April. Chaucer, however, says that-- + + "Gret was the feste in Athenes thilke day, + And eke the lusty seson of that May + Made every wight to be, in swiche pleasance," &c. + +Why the 3rd of May is particularly mentioned as the time of Palamon's +escape, I cannot tell: there is probably some astrological reason. The +mixture of astrological notions with mythology is curious: "the pale +Saturnus the colde" is once more a dweller on Olympus, and interposes to +reconcile Mars and Venus. By his influence Arcite is made to perish after +having obtained from Mars the fulfilment of his prayer-- + + "Yeve me the victorie, I axe thee no more." + +[epsilon]. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +"_Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole._"--In Surrey, and most probably in +other counties where {133} shell-snails abound, children amuse themselves +by charming them with a chant to put forth their horns, of which I have +only heard the following couplet, which is repeated until it has the +desired effect, to the great amusement of the charmer. + + "Snail, snail, come out of your hole, + Or else I'll beat you as black as a coal." + +It is pleasant to find that this charm is not peculiar to English children, +but prevails in places as remote from each other as Naples and Silesia. + +The Silesian rhyme is: + + "Schnecke, schnecke, schnuerre! + Zeig mir dein viere, + Wenn mir dein viere nicht zeigst, + Schmeisz ich dich in den Graben, + Fressen dich die Raben;" + +which may be thus paraphrased: + + "Snail, snail, slug-slow, + To me thy four horns show; + If thou dost not show me thy four, + I will throw thee out of the door, + For the crow in the gutter, + To eat for bread and butter." + +In that amusing Folk's-book of Neapolitan childish tales, the _Pentamerone_ +of the noble Count-Palatine Cavalier Giovan-Battista Basile, in the +seventeenth tale, entitled "La Palomma," we have a similar rhyme: + + "Jesce, jesce, corna; + Ca mammata te scorna, + Te scorna 'ncoppa lastrico, + Che fa lo figlio mascolo." + +of which the sense may probably be: + + "Peer out! Peer out! Put forth your horns! + At you your mother mocks and scorns; + Another son is on the stocks, + And you she scorns, at you she mocks." + +S. W. SINGER. + +_The Evil Eye._--This superstition is still prevalent in this neighbourhood +(Launceston). I have very recently been informed of the case of a young +woman, in the village of Lifton, who is lying hopelessly ill of +consumption, which her neighbours attribute to her having been +"_overlooked_" (this is the local phrase by which they designate the +baleful spell of the _evil eye_). An old woman in this town is supposed to +have the power of "ill-wishing" or bewitching her neighbours and their +cattle, and is looked on with much awe in consequence. + +H. G. T. + +"_Millery! Millery! Dousty-poll!_" &c.--I am told by a neighbour of a cruel +custom among the children in Somersetshire, who, when they have caught a +certain kind of large white moth, which they call a _miller_, chant over it +this uncouth ditty:-- + + "Millery! Millery! _Dousty_-poll! + How many sacks hast thou stole?" + +And then, with boyish recklessness, put the poor creature to death for the +imagined misdeeds of his human namesake. + +H. G. T. + +_"Nettle in, Dock out."_--Sometime since, turning over the leaves of +Clarke's _Chaucer_, I stumbled on the following passage in "Troilus and +Cressida," vol. ii. p. 104.:-- + + "Thou biddest me that I should love another + All freshly newe, and let Creseide go, + It li'th not in my power leve brother, + And though I might, yet would I not do so: + But can'st thou playen racket to and fro, + _Nettle' in Dock out_, now this now that, Pandare? + Now foule fall her for thy woe that care." + +I was delighted to find the charm for a nettle sting, so familiar to my +childish ear, was as old as Chaucer's time, and exceedingly surprised to +stumble on the following note:-- + + "This appears to be a proverbial expression implying inconstancy; but + the origin of the phrase is unknown to all the commentators on our + poet." + +If this be the case, Chaucer's commentators may as well be told that +children in Northumberland use friction by a dock-leaf as the approved +remedy for the sting of a nettle, or rather the approved charm; for the +patient, while rubbing in the dock-juice, should keep repeating,-- + + "Nettle in, dock out, + Dock in, nettle out, + Nettle in, dock out, + Dock rub nettle out." + +The meaning is therefore obvious. Troilus is indignant at being recommended +to forget this Cressida for a new love, just as a child cures a +nettle-sting by a dock-leaf. I know not whether you will deem this trifle +worth a corner in your valuable and amusing "NOTES." + + * * * * * + +THE SCALIGERS. + + "Lo primo tuo rifugio e 'l primo ostello + Sara la cortesia del gran Lombardo, + Che _'n su_ la Scala porta il santo uccello." + Dante, _Paradiso_, xvii. 70. + +The Scaligers are well known, not only as having held the lordship of +Verona for some generations, but also as having been among the friends of +Dante in his exile, no mean reputation in itself; and, at a later period, +as taking very high rank among the first scholars of their day. To which of +them the passage above properly belongs--whether to Can Grande, or his +brother Bartolommeo, or even his father Alberto, commentators are by no +means agreed. The question is argued more largely than conclusively, both +in the notes to Lombardi's edition, and also in Ugo Foscolo's _Discorso nel +testo di Dante_. + +Perhaps the following may be a contribution to the evidence in favour of +Can Grande. After {134} saying, in a letter, in which he professes to give +the history and origin of his family,-- + + "Prisca omnium familiarum Scaligerae stirpis insignia sunt, aut _Scala + singularis_, aut Canes utrinque scalae innitentes." + +Joseph Scaliger adds-- + + "Denique principium Veronensium progenitores eadem habuerunt insignia: + _donec_ in eam familiam Alboinus et _Canis Magnus_ Aquilam imperii cum + Scala primum ab Henrico VII^o, deinde a Ludovico Bavaro acceptam nobis + reliquerunt." + +Alboinus, however, who received this grant upon being made a Lieutenant of +the Empire, and having the Signory of Verona made hereditary in his family, +only bore the eagle "_in quadrante scuti_." + + "Sed Canis Magnus, cum eidem a Caesare Ludovico Bavaro idem privilegium + confirmatum esset, totum scutum Aquila occupavit, _subjecta Alitis + pedibus Scala_." + +Can Grande, then, was surely the first who carried the "santo uccello" _in +su_ la Scala; and his epithet of Grande would also agree best with Dante's +words, as neither his father nor brothers seem to have had the same claim +to it. + +I would offer a farther remark about this same title or epithet Can Grande, +and the origin of the scala or ladder as a charge upon the shield or coat +of this family. Cane would at first sight appear to be a designation +borrowed from the animal of that name. There would be parallels enough in +Italy and elsewhere, as the Ursini, Lewis the Lion (VIII. of France), our +own Coeur de Lion, and Harold Harefoot. Dante, too, refers to him under the +name "Il Veltro," _Inferno_, canto 1. l. 101. But Joseph Scaliger, in the +letter to which I referred before, gives the following account of it:-- + + "Nomen illi fuerat _Franscisco_, a sacro lavacro, _Cani_ a gentilitate, + _Magno_ a merito rerum gestarum. Neque enim _Canis_ ab illo _latranti + animali_ dictus est, ut recte monet Jovius, sed quod lingua Windorum, + unde principes Veronenses oriundos vult, _Cahan_ idem est, quod lingua + Serviana _Kral_, id est Rex, aut Princeps. Nam in gente nostra multi + fuerunt Canes, Mastini, Visulphi Guelphi."--P. 17. + +This letter consists of about 58 pages, and stands first in the edition of +1627. It is addressed "ad Janum Dousam," and was written to vindicate his +family from certain indignities which he conceived had been put upon it. +Sansovino and Villani, it appears, had referred its origin to Mastin II., +"qui," to use Scaliger's version of the matter,-- + + "Qui primus dictator populi Veronensis perpetuus creatus est, quem et + _auctorem_ nobilitatis Scaligerae et _Scalarum_ antea _fabrum_ + impudentissime nugantur hostes virtutis majorum nostrorum." + +It was bad enough to ascribe their origin to so recent a date, but to +derive it from a mere mechanic was more than our author's patience could +endure. Accordingly he is not sparing of invective against those who so +disparage his race. + +_Vappa_, _nebulo_, and similar terms, are freely applied to their +characters; _invidia_, [Greek: kakoetheia], &c., to their motives. The +following is a specimen of the way he handles them:-- + + "Dantes Poeta illustrissimum Christianissimorum Regum Franciae genus a + laniis Parisiensibus deducit, utique tam vere, quam ille tenebrio + nostrum a scalarum fabro: quas mirum, ni auctor generis _in suspendium + eorum parabat_, quos vaticinabatur illustri nobilitate suae + obtrectaturos." + +Now the charge of a ladder upon their shield was certainly borne by the +several branches of this family long before any of them became masters of +Verona; and I should suggest that it originated in some brilliant escalade +of one of the first members of it. Thus, of course, it would remind us all +of perhaps the earliest thing of the kind--I mean the shield and bearings +of Eteoclus before Thebes: + + "[Greek: Eschematistai d' aspis ou smikron tropon;] + [Greek: Aner d' hoplites klimakos prosambaseis] + [Greek: Steichei pros echthron purgon, ekpersai thelon.]" + Sept. c. Thebas, 461. + +WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER. + + H----n, Jan. 28. 1851. + + * * * * * + +INEDITED BALLAD ON TRUTH. + +I send you herewith a copy of an ancient ballad which I found this day +while in search of other matters. I have endeavoured to explain away the +strange orthography, and I have conjecturally supplied the last line. The +ballad is unhappily imperfect. I trust that abler antiquaries than myself +will give their attention to this fragmentary poem. + + "A BALADE OF TROUTHE. + + (Harl. MSS. No. 48. folio 92.) + + "What more poyson . than ys venome. + What more spytefull . than ys troozte.[1] + Where shall hattred . sonere come. + Than oone anothyr . that troozte showthe. + Undoyng dysplesure . no love growthe. 5 + And to grete[2] men . in especyall. + Troozte dare speke . lest[3] of all. + + "And troozte . all we be bound to. + And troozte . most men now dothe fle.[4] + What be we then . that so do. 10 + Be we untrewe . troozte saythe ee.[5] + But he y^t tellethe troozte . what ys he. + A besy foole . hys name shalle ronge.[6] + Or else he hathe an euyle tonge. + + {135} + "May a tong . be trew and evyle. 15 + Trootze ys good . and evyle ys navtze.[7] + God ys trootze . and navzt ys y^e devyle. + Ego sum veritas . o^r[8] lord tavzt.[9] + At whyche word . my conceyt lavzt.[10] + To se[11] our Lorde . yff[12] foly in hym be. 20 + To use troozt . that few doth but he. + + "To medyle w^t trouthe[13] . no small game. + For trouthe told . of tyms ys shent. + And trouthe known . many doth blame. + When trouthe ys tyrned . from trew intent. 25 + Yet trouthe ys trouthe . trewly ment.[14] + But now what call they trouthe . trow ye. + Trowthe ys called colored honeste. + + "Trouthe . ys honest without coloure. + Trouthe . shameth not in no condycyon. 30 + Of hymself . without a trespasowre. + By myst and knowne . of evyle condycyon. + But of trouthe thys ys y^e conclusyon. + Surely good ordre there ys brokyne. + Where trouthe may not . nor dare be spokyne.[15] 35 + + "Trouthe many tyms ys cast. + Out of credence . by enformacyon. + Yet trouthe crepthe[16] out at last. + And ovyr mastrythe cavylacyon.[17] + That I besech Cryst . every nacyon. 40 + May use trouthe . to God and man. + * * that he * not * syn * * ." + * * * * * * + +I would fill up the lacuna-- + + "Now that he do not syn . we can." + +Perhaps, I repeat, some more able antiquaries will give their attention to +this, and satisfy me on the _points_ of punctuation, date, &c. + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + +[Footnote 1: Truth, I presume, is meant, though it does not seem to agree +with the context, which is pure nonsense in its present condition.] + +[Footnote 2: Great.] + +[Footnote 3: Least.] + +[Footnote 4: Flee.] + +[Footnote 5: Yea.] + +[Footnote 6: Ring, I fancy.] + +[Footnote 7: Naught.] + +[Footnote 8: Our.] + +[Footnote 9: Taught.] + +[Footnote 10: Laughed.] + +[Footnote 11: See.] + +[Footnote 12: If.] + +[Footnote 13: Here the orthography changes.] + +[Footnote 14: Meant.] + +[Footnote 15: I think there must be some allusion here, which can only be +arrived at by knowing the date of its composition.] + +[Footnote 16: An elision for creepeth; possibly an intermediate +etymological state of _creeps_.] + +[Footnote 17: From "to cavil."] + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Ayot St. Lawrence Church_ (Vol. iii., pp. 39. 102.). Ayot St. Lawrence, +Herts, is another deserted church, like that of Landwade,--in fact a ruin, +with its monuments disgracefully exposed. I was so astonished at seeing it +in 1850, that I would now ask the reason of its having been allowed to fall +into such distress, and how any one could have had the power to build the +present Greek one, instead of restoring its early Decorated neighbour. I +did not observe the 2 ft. 3 in. effigy alluded to in _Arch. Journ._ iii. +239., but particularly noted the elegant sculpture on the chancel arch +capital. + +I would suggest to Mr. Kelke, that the incumbents of parishes should keep a +separate register, recording _all_ monuments, &c. as they are put up, as +existing, or as found in MS. church notes, or published in county +histories. In the majority of parishes the trouble of so doing would be +trifling, and to many a pleasant occupation. + +A. C. + +_Johannes Secundus_--_Parnel_--_Dr. Johnson._--In Dr. Johnson's _Life of +Parnel_ we find the following passage:-- + + "I would add that the description of _Barrenness_, in his verses to + Pope, was borrowed from Secundus; but lately searching for the passage + which I had formerly read, I could not find it." + +I will first extract Parnel's description, and then the passage of +Secundus; to which, I suppose, Dr. Johnson referred. + + "This to my friend--and when a friend inspires, + My silent harp its master's hand requires, + Shakes off the dust, and makes these rocks resound, + For fortune placed me in unfertile ground; + Far from the joys that with my soul agree, + From wit, from learning--far, oh far, from thee! + Here moss-grown trees expand the smallest leaf, + Here half an acre's corn is half a sheaf. + Here hills with naked heads the tempest meet, + Rocks at their side, and torrents at their feet; + Or lazy lakes, unconscious of a flood, + Whose dull brown Naiads ever sleep in mud." + +Secundus in his first epistle of his first book (edit. Paris, p. 103.), +thus writes:-- + + "Me retinet salsis infausta Valachria terris, + Oceanus tumidis quam vagus ambit aquis. + Nulla ubi vox avium, pelagi strepit undique murmur, + Coelum etiam larga desuper urget aqua. + Flat Boreas, dubiusque Notus, flat frigidus Eurus, + Felices Zephyri nil ubi juris habent. + Proque tuis ubi carminibus, Philomena canora, + Turpis in obscoena rana coaxat aqua." + +VARRO. + +_The King's Messengers, by the Rev. W. Adams._--Ought it not to be +remarked, in future editions of this charming and highly poetical book +(which has lately been translated into Swedish), that it is grounded on one +of the "examples" occurring in _Barlaam and Josaphat_?" + +In the third or fourth century, an Indian prince names Josaphat was +converted to Christianity by a holy hermit called Barlaam. This subject was +afterwards treated of by some Alexandrian priest, probably in the sixth +century, in a beautiful tale, legend, or spiritual romance, in Greek, and +in a style of great ease, beauty, warmth, and colouring. The work was +afterwards attributed to Johannes Damascenus, who died in 760. In this +half-Asiatic Christian prose epic, Barlaam employs a number of even then +ancient folk-tales and fables, spiritually interpreted, in Josaphat's +conversion. It is on the fifth of these "examples" that Mr. Adams has built +his richly-glittering fairy palace. + +_Barlaam and Josaphat_ was translated into almost {136} every European +dialect during the Middle Age, sometimes in verse, but usually in prose, +and became an admired folk-book. Among the versions lately recovered I may +mention one into Old-Swedish (a shorter one, published in my _Old-Swedish +Legendarium_, and a longer one, not yet published); and one in +Old-Norwegian, from a vellum MS. of the thirteenth century, shortly to +appear in Christiania. + +GEORGE STEPHENS. + + Stockholm. + +_Parallel Passages._--Under "Parallel Passages" (Vol. ii., p. 263.) there +occur in two paragraphs--"_There is an acre sown with royal seed,_" +concluding with "_living like gods, to die like men,_" from Jeremy Taylor's +_Holy Dying_; and from Francis Beaumont-- + + "_Here's an acre sown indeed_ + _With the richest royalest seed._ + . . . . . . + _Though gods they were, as men they died._" + +Which of these twain borrowed the "royal seed" from the other, is a manner +of little moment; but the correspondence of living as gods, and dying as +men, both undoubtedly taken from Holy Scripture; the phrase occurring in +either Testament: "I have said, Ye are gods ... But ye shall die like men" +(Psalm lxxxii. 6, 7.); quoted by our Saviour (John, x. 34.): "Jesus +answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are Gods?" + +J. G. M. + + Hallamshire. + +_Cause of Rarity of William IV.'s Copper Coinage._--The copper coinage of +William IV. is become so scarce, that possibly a doubt may some day arise, +whether any but a very limited issue of it was ever made; it may be well, +therefore, to introduce a _note_ on the cause of its disappearance, while +the subject is comparatively recent. + +When the copper coins of the last reign appeared, a slight tinge in the +colour of the metal excited the suspicion of those accustomed to examine +such things, that it contained gold, which proved to be the fact; hence +their real value was greater than that for which they passed current, and +they were speedily collected and melted down by manufacturers, principally, +I believe, as an alloy to gold, whereby every particle of that metal which +they contained was turned to account. I have been told that various +Birmingham establishments had agents in different parts of the country, +appointed to collect this coinage. + +R. C. H. + +_Burnet._--In the list of conflicting judgments on Burnet, quoted by your +correspondents (Vol. i., pp. 40. 120. 181. 341. 493.), I find no reference +to the opinion of his contemporary, Bishop Nicolson. That writer takes a +somewhat partial view of the character and merits of the historian, and +canvasses, by anticipation, much of what has been urged against him by our +more modern critics. But, as the weight of authorities already cited +appears to militate against Burnet, I am induced to send you some of Bishop +Nicolson's remarks, for the sake of those readers who may not have +immediate access to them. I quote from his _English Historical Library_, +2nd edition, p. 119.: + + "In the months of December and January in the year following (1680), + the historian (G. Burnet) had the thanks of both Houses of Parliament + for what he had already done; and was desired to proceed to the + finishing of the whole work, which was done accordingly. This historian + gives a punctual account of all the affairs of the Reformation, from + its first beginning in the reign of Henry VIII., till it was finally + completed and settled by Queen Elizabeth, A.D. 1559. And the whole is + penned in such a masculine style as becomes an historian, and such as + is this author's property in all his writings. The collection of + records which he gives in the conclusion of each volume are good + vouchers of the truth of all he delivers (as such) in the body of his + history; and are much more perfect than could reasonably be expected, + after the pains taken, in Queen Mary's days, to suppress everything + that carried the marks of the Reformation upon it. The work has had so + much justice done it, as to meet with a general acceptance abroad, and + to be translated into most of the European languages; insomuch that + even the most piquant of the author's enemies allow it to have a + _reputation firmly and deservedly established_. Indeed, some of the + French writers have cavilled at it; but the most eminent of them (M. + Varillas and M. Le Grand) have received due correction from the author + himself." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, Dec. 1850. + +_Coleridge's Opinion of Defoe._--Wilson, in his _Memoirs of the life and +Times of Defoe_, vol. ii. p. 205., having quoted the opinion of the Editor +of Cadell's edition of _Robinson Crusoe_,--"that Defoe wanted many of those +qualities, both of mind and manner, which fitted Steele and Addison to be +the inimitable _arbitri elegantiarum_ of English society, there can be no +doubt,"--Coleridge wrote in the margin of his copy, "I doubt this, +particularly in respect to Addison, and think I could select from Defoe's +writings a volume equal in size to Addison's collected papers, little +inferior in wit and humour, and greatly superior in vigor of style and +thought." + +Ts. + +_Miller's "Philosophy of Modern History."_--In the memoir, chiefly +autobiographical, prefixed to the last edition (published by Mr. Bohn, +1848-9) of this most able and interesting work, we find the following +words, p. xxxv.: + + "In the preceding period of my lecturing, I collected a moderate + audience [seldom exceeding ten persons] in the Law School [his friend, + Alexander Knox, being always one], sufficient to encourage me, or at + least to permit me, to persevere, but not to animate my exertions by + publicity. But as I was approaching the sixteenth century, the number + of my hearers {137} increased so much, that I was encouraged to remove + to the Examination Hall, from which time my lectures attracted a large + portion of public attention, strangers forming a considerable portion + of the auditory." + +It is worthy of remark, in connexion with this production of a +highly-gifted scholar and divine, whose name does honour to Trinity +College, Dublin, that Dr. Sullivan's _Lectures on the Constitution and Laws +of England_, which have since deservedly acquired so much fame, were +delivered in presence of only _three_ individuals, Dr. Michael Kearney and +two others--surely no great encouragement to Irish genius! In fact, the +Irish long seemed unconscious of the merits of two considerable works by +sons of their own university,--Hamilton's _Conic Sections_ and Sullivan's +_Lectures_; and hesitated to praise, until the incense of fame arose to one +from the literary altars of Cambridge, and an English judge, Sir William +Blackstone, authorised the other. + +In the memoir to which I have referred, we find a complete list of the many +publications which Dr. Miller, "distinguished for his services in theology +and literature," sent forth from the press. We are likewise informed that +there are some unpublished letters from Hannah More, Alexander Knox, and +other distinguished characters, with whom Dr. Miller was in the habit of +corresponding. + +ABHBA. + +_Anticipations of Modern Ideas or Inventions._--In Vol. iii., pp. 62. 69., +are two interesting instances of this sort. In Wilson's _Life of Defoe_, he +gives the titles of two works which I have often sought in vain, and which +he classes amongst the writings of that voluminous author. They run thus: + + "_Augusta triumphans_, or the way to make London the most flourishing + city in the universe. I. By establishing a university where gentlemen + may have an academical education under the eye of their friends [_the + London University anticipated_]. II. To prevent much murder, &c., by an + hospital for foundlings. III. By suppressing pretended madhouses, where + many of the fair sex are unjustly confin'd while their husbands keep + mistresses, and many widows are lock'd up for the sake of their + jointures. IV. To save our youth from destruction by suppressing gaming + tables, and Sunday debauches. V. To avoid the expensive importation of + foreign musicians by promoting an academy of our own, [_Anticipation of + the Royal Academy of Music_], &c. &c. London: T. Warner. 1728. 8vo." + + "_Second Thoughts are Best_; or a further Improvement of a late Scheme + to prevent Street Robberies, by which our Streets will be so strongly + guarded and so gloriously illuminated, that any Part of London will be + as safe and pleasant at Midnight as at Noonday; and Burglary totally + impracticable [_a remarkable anticipation of the present state of + things in the principal thoroughfares_]. With some Thoughts for + suppressing Robberies in all the Public Roads of England [_rural police + anticipated_]. Humbly offer'd for the Good of his Country, submitted to + the Consideration of Parliament, and dedicated to his Sacred Majesty + Geo. II., by Andrew Moreton, Esq. [supposed to be an assumed name; a + common practice of De Foe's]. London. W. Meadows, 1729." + +R. D. H. + +"_Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon!_"--The above text is often quoted as +not being in accordance with the present state of our astronomical +knowledge, and many well-known commentators on the Bible have adopted the +same opinion. + +I find Kitto, in the _Pictorial Bible_, characterising it as "an example of +those bold metaphors and poetical forms of expression with which the +Scriptures abound." Scott (edit. 1850) states that "it would have been +improper that he (Joshua) should speak, or that the miracle should be +recorded according to the terms of modern astronomy." + +Mant (edit. 1830) says: "It is remarkable that the terms in which this +event is recorded do not agree with what is now known rewarding the motion +of the heavenly bodies." + +Is it certain that Joshua's words are absolutely at variance and +irreconcileable with the present state of astronomical knowledge? +Astronomers allow that the sun is the centre and governing principle of our +system, and that it revolves on its axis. What readier means, then, could +Joshua have found for staying the motion of our planet, than by commanding +the revolving centre, in its inseparable connexion with all planetary +motion, to stand still? + +I. K. + +_Langley's Polidore Vergile._--At the back of the title of a copy of +Langley's _Abridgement of Polidore Vergile_, 8vo., Lond. 1546, seen by +Hearne in 1719, was the following MS. note: + + "At Oxforde, the yere 1546, browt down to Seynbury by John Darbye, + pryse 14d. When I kept Mr. Letymer's shype I bout thys boke when the + Testament was obberagatyd that shepe herdys myght not red hit. I prey + God amende that blyndnes. Wryt by Robert Wyllyams, kepynge shepe uppon + Seynbury Hill." + +At the end of the dedication to Sir Ant. Denny is also written: + + "Robert Wyllyams Boke, bowgyt by John Darby at Oesforth, and brot to + Seynbury." + +The Seynbury here mentioned was doubtless Saintbury in Gloucestershire, on +the borders of Worcestershire, near Chipping Campden, and about four miles +distant from Evesham. + +P. B. + +_Luther and Ignatius Loyola._--A parallel or counterpoising view of these +two characters has been quoted in several publications, some of recent +date; but in all it is attributed to a wrong source. Mr. M^cGavin, in his +_Protestant_, Letter CXL., (p. 582, ed. 1846); Mr. Overbury, in his +_Jesuits_ (Lond. 1846), p. 8., and, of course, the authority from which he +borrows, Poynder's _History of the Jesuits_; and Dr. Dowling's _Romanism_, +p. 473. {138} (ed. New York, 1849)--all these give, as the authority for +the contrasted characters quoted, Damian's _Synopsis Societatis Jesu_. +Nothing of the kind appears _there_; but in the _Imago primi Saeculi Soc. +Jesu_, 1640, it will be found, p. 19. + +The misleader of these writers seems to have been Villers, in his _Prize +Essay on the Reformation_, or his annotator, Mills, p. 374. + +NOVUS. + +P.S. (Vol. ii., p. 375.).--The lines quoted by Dr. Pusey, I have some +notion, belong to a Romish, not a Socinian, writer. + +_Winkel._--I thought, some time since, that the places bearing this name in +England, were taken from the like German word, signifying _a corner_. I +find, on examination, that there is a village in Rhenish Prussia named +"Winkel." It seems that Charlemagne had a wine-cellar there; so that that +word is no doubt taken from the German words _wein_ and _keller_, from the +Latin _vinum_ and _cella_. + +AREDJID KOOEZ. + +_Foreign Renderings._--In addition to those given, I will add the +following, which I once came across at Salzburg: + + "George Nelboeck recommande l'hotel aux _Trois Allies_, vis-a-vis de la + maison paternelle du celebre Mozart, lequel est nouvellement fourni et + offre tous les comforts a Mrs. les voyageurs." + +Translated as follows: + + "George Nelboeck begs leave to _recommand_ his hotel to the Three + Allied, situated _vis-a-vis_ of the birth house of Mozart, which offers + all comforts to the _meanest_ charges." + +Also the following: + + "M. Reutlinger (of Frankfort on Main) _takes_ leave to _recommande_ his + well furnished magazine of all kind of travelling-luggage and + _sadle_-works." + +AREDJID KOOEZ. + +_Samuel Johnson--Gilbert Wakefield._--Whoever has had much to do with the +press will sympathise with MR. CHARLES KNIGHT in all that he has stated +("NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iii., p. 62.) respecting the accidental--but not +at first discovered--substitution of _modern_ for _moderate_. If that word +_modern_ had not been detected till it was too late for an explanation on +authority, what strange conjectures would have been the consequence! +Happily, MR. KNIGHT was at hand to remove that stumbling-block. + +I rather fancy that I can rescue Samuel Johnson from the fangs of Gilbert +Wakefield, by the supposition of an error of the press. In 1786, Wakefield +published an edition of Gray's _Poems_, with notes; and in the last note on +Gray's "Ode on the Death of a Cat," he thus animadverts on Dr. Johnson:-- + + Our critic exposes himself to reproof from the manner in which he has + conveyed his severe remark: _show a rhyme is sometimes made_. The + omission of the relative, a too common practice with our writers, is an + impropriety of the grossest kind: and which _neither gods or men_, as + one expresses himself, nor any language under heaven, can endure." + +Now in Dr. Johnson's _Life of Gray_, we find this sentence:-- + + "In the first stanza 'the azure flowers that blow' show resolutely a + rhyme is sometimes made when it cannot easily be found." + +My notion is, that the word _how_ has been omitted in the printing, from +the similarity of blow, show, how; and thus the sentence will be-- + + "_The azure flowers that blow_ show how resolutely a rhyme is sometimes + made when it cannot easily be found." + +But Gilbert Wakefield was a critic by profession, and apparently as great +in English as he was in Greek. + +VARRO. + +_Passage in Gray's Elegy._--I do not remember to have seen noted the +evident Lucretian origin of the verse-- + + "For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn, + Nor busy housewife ply her evening care; + No children run to lisp their sire's return, + Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share." + +Compare Lucretius, lib. 3. v. 907.: + + "At jam non domus accipiet te laeta; neque uxor + Optima, nec dulces occurrent oscula nati + Praeripere, et tacita pectus dulcedine tangent." + +ECHO. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. + +(_Continued from_ Vol. iii., p. 87.) + +(39.) Does any one now feel inclined to vindicate for Inchofer, Scioppius, +Bariac, or Contarini, the authorship of the _Monarchia Solipsorum_? +Notwithstanding the testimony of the Venice edition of 1652, as well as the +very abundant evidence of successive witnesses, in favour of the +first-named writer, (whose claim has been recognised so lately as the year +1790, by the _Indice Ultimo_ of Madrid), can there be the smallest doubt +that the veritable inventor of this satire upon the Jesuits was their +former associate, JULES-CLEMENT SCOTTI? For the interpretation of his +pseudonyme, "Lucius Cornelius Europaeus," see Niceron, _Mem._ xxxix. 70-1. + +(40.) Mr. Cureton (_Ant. Syr. vers. of Ep. of S. Ignat._ Preface, p. ii., +Lond. 1845) has asserted that-- + + "The first Epistles published, bearing the name of St. Ignatius--one to + the Holy Virgin, and two to the Apostle St. John, in Latin,--were + printed in the year 1495. Three years later there appeared an edition + of eleven Epistles, also in Latin, attributed to the same {139} holy + Martyr. But nearly seventy years more elapsed before any edition of + these Epistles in Greek was printed. In 1557, Val. Paceus published + twelve," &c. + +Two connected Queries may be founded upon this statement:--(1.) Is not Mr. +Cureton undoubtedly in error with respect to the year 1495? for, if we may +believe Orlandi, Maittaire, Fabricius (_B. G._), and Ceillier, the three +Latin Epistles above named had been set forth previously at Cologne, in +1478. (2.) By what mysterious species of arithmetic can it be demonstrated +that "nearly _seventy_ years" elapsed between 1498 and 1557? The process +must be a somewhat similar one to that by which "A.D. 360" is made +equivalent to "five-and-_twenty_ years after the Council of Nice." (Pref., +p. xxxiv.) In the former instance "_seventy_" is hardly a literal +translation of Bishop Pearson's "_sexaginta_:" but whether these +miscalculations have been already adverted to, and subsequently amended, or +not, I cannot tell. + +(41.) In the same Preface (p. xxiv.) a very strange argument was put +forward, which, as we may learn from the last _Quarterly Review_, p. 79., +where it is satisfactorily refuted, has been since repeated by Mr. Cureton. +He maintains that the Syriac text of the Ignatian Epistles cannot be an +epitome, because that "we know of no instances of such abridgment in any +Christian writer." To commence with the West,--is not Mr. Cureton +acquainted with the manner in which Rufinus dealt with the _History_ of +Eusebius? Have we here no specimens of abbreviation; no allusion in the +prologue to "omissis quae videbantur superflua?" Has Mr. C. never looked +into that memorable combination of the independent works of three +contemporaries, entitled _Historia Tripartita?_ and, not to wander from the +strictest bounds of bibliography, will any one presume to boast of having a +copy of this book printed prior to that now near me, (a spectacle which De +Bure could never get a sight of), "per Iohannem Schueszler regie vrbis +Augustensis ciuem," anno 1472? But let us go to the East in search of +compendiums. Did not Theodorus Lector, early in the sixth century, reduce +into a harmony the compositions of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret? How +does Assemani speak of the first two parts of the Ecclesiastical History of +Zacharias Rhetor, supposed to have been written _in Syriac_, about the year +540? "Prima est _epitome_ Socratis, altera Theodoreti." (_Biblioth. +Orient._, tom. ii. cap. vii.) On this occasion, manifestly, ancient records +are encountered in an abridged Syriac form; a circumstance which will not +strengthen the Curetonian theory relative to the text of the Ignatian +Epistles. Again, bearing in mind the resemblance that exists between +passages in the interpolated Epistles and in the Apostolic Constitutions, +with the latter of which the _Didascalia_ of Ignatius seems to have been +commingled, let us inquire, Did not Dr. Grabe, in his _Essay upon the +Doctrine of the Apostles_, published in 1711, unanswerably prove that the +_Syriac_ copy of this _Didascalia_ was much more contracted than the +_Arabic_ one, or than the _Greek_ Constitutions of the Apostles? Is it not +true that extracted portions of these Constitutions are found in some old +MS. collections of Canons? Has not Cotelier furnished us with an +"_Epitome_," compiled by Metaphrastes from Clementine counterfeits, +concerning the life of S. Peter? And, to descend from the tenth to the +sixteenth century, are we not indebted to Carolus Capellius for an +"_Epitome Apostolicarum Constitutionum, in Creta insula repertarum_," 4to., +Ingolstad. 1546? + +(42.) When MR MERRYWEATHER (Vol. iii., p. 60.) was seeking for monastic +notices of extreme longevity, did he always find it feasible to meet with +Ingulphus's History of Croyland Abbey "_apud Wharton, Anglia Sacra_, 613?" +and if it be not enough to have read an account of an ecclesiastic who is +said to have attained to the delectable age of 168 years, is it not +questionable that anything will suffice except it be the narrative of the +_Seven Sleepers_? The third "Lectio" relating to these Champions of +Christendom, as it is given in a Vatican MS., makes the period of their +slumber to have been about 370 years. Who was the author of that +finely-printed and illustrated quarto volume, the _Sanctorum Septem +Dormientium Historia, ex Ectypis Musei Victorii expressa_, published, with +the full approbation of the Censors, Romae, 1741? "Obscurus esse gestio" is +his declaration about himself (p. 63.). Has he remained incognito? + +R. G. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S "ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA." + +The first scene of the third act of Shakspeare's play of "Antony and +Cleopatra," at first sight, appears to be totally unconnected with what +goes before and what follows. It may be observed that the dramas founded on +the Roman history are much more regular in their construction than those +founded on the English history. Indeed, with respect to the drama in +question, I am not aware of any scene, with the exception of that I have +mentioned, which does not bear more or less on the fortunes of the +personages from whom the play derives its name. Hence I am led to +conjecture that the dramatist here alludes to some event of the day, which +was well known to his audience. The speech of Ventidius seems to point to +something of the kind: + + "O Silius, Silius! + I have done enough: a lower place, note well, + May make too great an act: for learn this, Silius; + Better leave undone, than by our deed acquire + Too high a fame, when him we serve's away," &c. + +Some of your numerous readers will doubtless {140} be able to inform me +whether there is any instance in the annals of that age of an inferior +officer outshining his superior, and being cashiered or neglected in +consequence. + +Malone assigns to the play the date of 1608. + +X. Z. + + * * * * * + +GREENE'S "GROATSWORTH OF WITTE." + +The interesting article by the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, on the early German +translation of Greene's _Quip for an Upstart Courtier_, will, I am sure, be +read with attention by all lovers of our early literature. My object in +addressing you on the subject is to draw the attention of your foreign +correspondents, and perhaps the notice of your new contemporary, to the +great importance of discovering whether the _Groatsworth of Witte_ was also +translated into German. The earliest edition I have seen is that of 1617, +but it was printed as early as 1592; and I have long been curious to +ascertain whether the remarkable passage respecting Shakspeare has +descended to us in its genuine state. In the absence of the English edition +of 1592, this information might be obtained from a translation published +before 1617. Perhaps, however, some of your readers may be able to point +out the existence of an earlier edition. I have sought for that of 1592 for +several years without any success. + +J. O. HALLIWELL. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Fronte Capillata._--The following lines recurred to my memory after +reading in your last number the translation of the epigram by Pasidippus in +the article on "Fronte capillata," &c.; it is many years since I read them, +but have forgotten where. Can you or any of your correspondents inform me +who is the author of them? + + "Oh! who art thou so fast proceeding, + Ne'er glancing back thine eyes of flame? + Known but to few, through earth I'm speeding, + And Opportunity's my name. + + "What form is that, that scowls beside thee? + Repentance is the form you see; + Learn then the fate may yet betide thee, + She seizes them, who seize not me." + +HENRY M. BURT. + + Gibson Square, Feb. 4. 1851. + +_Prayer of Bishop of Nantes._--In Allison's _History of the French +Revolution_, ed. 1849, at page 432. vol. i., there occurs the following +passage: + + "The Bishop of Nancy commenced, as customary, with the prayer: + 'Receive, O God, the homage of the Clergy, the respects of the + Noblesse, and the humble supplications of the Tiers Etat.'" + +This formula was, the historian tells us, received with a storm of +disapprobation by the third order. Will any of your contributors be so +obliging as to inform me where the form of prayer spoken of as _customary_ +is to be found? + +J. M. + + Liverpool. + +_Advantage of a Bad Ear._--Can any of your readers supply the name of the +man of mark in English history, who says "he encouraged in himself a bad +ear, because it enabled him to enjoy music he would not have enjoyed +without?" + +I have looked through the lives of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Hampden, +Hobbes, Andrew Marvell, and Fletcher of Saltoun, without finding it; though +it is possible it may be in some of these after all. The list given will +point to the kind of personage in question. + +TN. + +_Imputed Letters of Sullustius or Sallustius_ (Vol. iii., p. 62.).--I am +sorry to say that the printer has completely spoiled my Query, by printing +_Sullustius_ instead of _Sallustius_ throughout the whole article. I +subjoin a few more particulars concerning them. In the edition printed at +Cambridge (4to. 1710), and published under the auspices of the learned +Wasse, they are included. They are there entitled _Orationes ad C. Caesarem, +de Republica Ordinanda_. Cortius rejects them, and De Brosses accepts them. +Douza, Crispinus, Perizonius, Clericus, &c., all speak in favour of their +authenticity. Allen does not mention them, and Anthon rejects them +entirely. With these additional hints I doubt not but that some of your +obliging correspondents will be able to give me a reply. + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + +_Rev. W. Adams._--When did Mr. Adams, the accomplished author of the +_Sacred Allegories_, die? This is unaccountably omitted in the "Memoir" +prefixed to the collected edition of his _Allegories_ (London, Rivingtons, +1849). Can any characteristic anecdote be related of him, suitable for +giving _point_ to a sketch of his life for foreign readers? + +GEORGE STEPHENS. + + Stockholm. + +_Mr. Beard, Vicar of Greenwich._--Any information relating to "Mr. Beard, +Vicar of Greenwich," who, in the year 1563, was recommended by Loftus, +Archbishop of Armagh, and Brady, Bishop of Meath, as a proper person to be +preferred to the bishopric of Kildare, will be very acceptable to-- + +SPES. + +_Goddard's History of Lynn._--It has been always understood that Mr. Guybon +Goddard (who was Recorder of this borough in 1651 or thereabouts) collected +a quantity of materials for a history of Lynn, and that in 1677 or 1678 an +offer to purchase them was made by the corporation to his son, Thomas +Goddard, but it seems without success. The fact of such materials having +been {141} collected is recognised by Goddard's brother-in-law, Sir Wm. +Dugdale (who refers to it in some part of his works), as also by Parkin, in +his _History of Freebridge and King's Lynn_, p. 293., where he is called a +curious collector of antiquities. My Query is, Can any of your +correspondents inform me where this collection can be met with? + +JOHN NURSE CHADWICK. + +_Sir Andrew Chadwick._--It is stated that on the 18th Jan. 1709-10, Sir +Andrew Chadwick, of St. James's, Westminster, was knighted by Queen Anne +for some service done to her, it is supposed for rescuing her when thrown +from her horse. Can any of your correspondents inform me if such was the +fact, and from what source they derive their information? + +JOHN NURSE CHADWICK. + + King's Lynn. + +_Sangaree._--Your periodical having been the means of eliciting some +interesting particulars respecting the origin of the word _grog_, perhaps +you will allow me to claim a similar distinction for the word _sangaree_. +You are aware that this word is applied, in the West Indies, to a beverage +composed of Madeira wine, syrup, water, and nutmeg. The French call it +_sangris_, in allusion, it is supposed, to the colour of the beverage, +which when mixed has the appearance, as it were, of grey blood _(sang +gris)_: but as there is reason to believe that the English were the first +to introduce the use of the thing, they having been the first to introduce +its principal ingredient, Madeira wine, I am disposed to look upon +_sangaree_ as the original word, and _sangris_ as nothing more than a +corruption of it. Can any of your readers (among whom I trust there are +many retired West India planters) give the etymology of this word? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, Dec. 1850. + +_King John at Lincoln._--Matthew Paris, under the year 1200, gives an +account of King John's visiting Lincoln to meet William, king of Scots, and +to receive his homage: + + "Ubi Rex Johannes, [he says] contra consilium multorum, intravit + civitatem intrepidus, quod nullus antecessorum suorum attentare ausus + fuerat." + +My Query is, What were they afraid of? + +C. W. B. + +_Canes lesi._--May I also put a question with respect to an ancient tenure +in Dorsetshire, recorded by Blount, edit. 1679, p. 46.: + + "Juliana, &c., tenuit dimidiam hidam terrae, &c., per serjantiam + custodiendi _Canes_ Domini Regis _lesos_, si qui fuerint, quotiescunque + Dominus Rex fugaverit in Foresta sua de _Blakemore_: et ad dandum unum + denarium ad clancturam Parci Domini Regis de _Gillingham_." + +Blount's explanation of _Canes lesos_, is "leash hounds or park hounds, +such as draw after a hurt deer in a leash, or liam;" but is there any +reason why we should not adopt the more simple rendering of "hurt hounds;" +and suppose that Dame Juliana was matron of the Royal Dorset Dog Hospital? + +Ducange gives no such word as _lesus_; neither does he nor any authority, +to which I have access, help me to understand the word _clanctura_. I +trust, however, that some of your correspondents will. + +C. W. B. + +_Headings of Chapters in English Bibles._--The arguments or contents which +are prefixed to each chapter of our English Bibles seem occasionally to +vary; some being more full and comprehensive than others. When and by whom +were they compiled? what authority do they possess? and where can we meet +with any account of them? + +LITURGICUS. + +_Abbot Eustacius and Angodus de Lindsei._--Can any of your learned readers +inform me in what reign an Abbot _Eustacius_ flourished? He is witness to a +charter of Ricardus de Lindsei, on his granting twelve denarii to St. Mary +of _Greenfeld_, in Lincolnshire: there being no date, I am anxious to +ascertain its antiquity. He is there designated "_Eustacius Abbe Flamoei_." +Also witnessed by Willo' decano de Hoggestap, Roberto de Wells, Eudene de +Bavent, Radulpho de Neuilla, &c. The latter appears in the Doomsday Book. +The charter is to be found among Ascough's Col., B. M. + +I should also be glad to know whether the Christian name _Angodus_ be +German, Norman, or Saxon. Angodus de Lindsei grants a carrucate of land in +Hedreshille to St. Albans, in the time of the Conqueror. If this person +assumed the name of _Lindsei_ previous to the Doomsday inquisition, ought +not his name to have appeared in the Doomsday Book,--he who could afford to +make a grant of 100 acres of land to the Abbey of St. Albans? + +J. L. + +_Oration against Demosthenes._--Mr. Harris of Alexandria made a discovery, +some years ago, of a fragment of an oration against Demosthenes. Can you, +or any of your kind correspondents, favour me with an account of it? I +cannot recall the particulars of the discovery, but I believe the oration, +with a _fac-simile_, was privately printed. + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + +_Pun._--C. H. KENYON (Vol. iii., p. 37.) asks if Milton could have +seriously perpetrated the pun "each tome a tomb." I doubt whether he +intended it for a pun. But his Query induces me to put another. Whence and +when did the aversion to, and contempt for, a pun arise? Is it an offshoot +from the Reformation? Our Catholic fellow-countrymen surely felt no such +aversion; for the claim which they make of supremacy for {142} their church +is based upon a pun, and that a very sorry one. + +A. R. + +_Sonnet (query by Milton?)_ (Vol. iii., p. 37.).--May I inquire from your +correspondent whether he possesses the book, _A Collection of Recente and +Witty Pieces by Several Eminente Hands_, London, 1628, from which this +sonnet is stated to be extracted. The lines look suspiciously modern, and I +should, before making any further observations upon them, be glad to be +assured of their authenticity through the medium of your pages. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + +_Medal given to Howard._--Hepworth Dixon, in his _Life of Howard_, mentions +a Russian General Bulgarhow, who was presented by his countrymen with a +gold medal, as "one who had deserved well of his country." The General's +reply stated that _his_ services to mankind reached his own country only; +but there _was_ a man whose extraordinary philanthropy took in all the +world,--who had already, with infinite toil and peril, extended his +humanity to all nations,--and who was therefore alone worthy of such a +distinction; to him, his master in benevolence, he should send the medal! +And he did so. Can any of your readers inform me who now possesses this +medal, and where it is to be found? + +W. A. + +_Withers' Devil at Sarum_.--Where is Withers' _Devil at Sarum_, mentioned +in Hudibras, to be met with? It is not in any of his collected works that I +have seen. + +JAMES WAYLEN. + +_Election of a Pope._--I have read somewhere that some cardinals assembled +in a water-closet in order to elect a pope. Can any of your readers refer +me to any book where such a fact is mentioned? + +T. + +_Battle in Wiltshire_.--A pamphlet dated (in MS.) Dec. 12. 1642, describes +an engagement as taking place in Wiltshire between Rupert and Skippon. If +this be so, how comes it to pass that not only the general histories are +silent as to the event, but that even the newspapers omit it? We know that +Rupert was at the sack of Cirencester, in February, 1642-3; and Cirencester +is on the borders of Wiltshire: but is there any authority for the +first-mentioned visit to this county, during the period from the affair at +Brentford to the taking of Cirencester? + +JAMES WAYLEN. + +_Colonel Fell_.--Can you inform me who are the representatives or +descendants of Lieut.-Colonel Robert Edward Fell, of St. Martin's in the +Fields, London, where he was living in the year 1770? He was the +great-grandson of Thomas Fell, of Swarthmore Hall, co. Lancaster, Esq., +Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster during the Commonwealth, whose widow +married George Fox, founder of the Quakers. + +DE H. + +_Tennyson's "In Memoriam."_--Perhaps some of your readers may be able to +explain the reference in the following verse, the first in this beautiful +series of poems: + + "I held it truth, with him who sings + To one clear harp in divers tones, + That men may rise on stepping-stones + Of their dead selves to higher things." + +The following stanza, also in the poem numbered 87., much needs +interpretation: + + "Or cooled within the glooming wave,-- + And last, returning from afar, + _Before the crimson-circled star_ + _Had fallen into her father's grave._" + +W. B. H. + + Manchester. + +_Magnum Sedile._--Can any of your correspondents throw light on the +singular arched recesses, sometimes (though rarely) to be found on the +south side of chancels, west of the sedilia. The name of _magnum sedile_ +has been given to them, I know not on what authority; but if they were +intended to be used as stalls of dignity for special occasions, they would +hardly have been made so wide and low as they are generally found. A good +example occurs at Fulbourn, Cambridgeshire,--certainly not monumental; and +another (but more like a tomb) at Merton, near Oxford, engraved in the +_Glossary of Architecture_. Why should they not have been intended for the +holy sepulchre at Easter? as I am not aware that these were necessarily +restricted to the north side. Is there any instance of a recess of this +kind on the south side, and an Easter sepulchre on the north, in the same +church? + +C. R. M. + +_Ace of Diamonds--the Earl of Cork._--In addition to the _soubriquets_ +bestowed upon the nine of diamonds of "the Curse of Scotland," and that of +"the Grace Card," given to the six of hearts (Vol. i., pp. 90. 119.), there +is yet another, attached to the ace of diamonds, which is everywhere in +Ireland denominated "the Earl of Cork," the origin of which I should be +glad to know. + +E. S. T. + +_Closing of Rooms on account of Death._--In the _Spectator_, No. 110., +July, 1711, one of Addison's papers on Sir Roger de Coverley, the following +passage occurs: + + "My friend, Sir Roger, has often told me with a good deal of mirth, + that at his first coming to his estate he found three parts of his + house altogether useless; that the best room in it had the reputation + of being haunted, and by that means was locked up; that noises had been + heard in his long gallery, so that he could not get a servant to enter + it after eight o'clock at night; that the door of one of his chambers + was nailed up, because there went a story in the family that a butler + had formerly hanged himself in it; and that his mother, who lived to a + great age, had shut up half the rooms in the house, in which either her + husband, a son, {143} or daughter had died. The knight seeing his + habitation reduced to so small a compass, and himself in a manner shut + out of his own house, upon the death of his mother ordered all the + apartments to be flung open, and exorcised by his chaplain, who lay in + every room one after another, and by that means dissipated the fears + which had so long reigned in the family." + +The practice of shutting up rooms in which members of the family had died +was retained up to the end of the last century. I learn from a friend that, +in a country house in the south of England, his mother's apartment, +consisting of a sitting-room, bed-room, and dressing-room, was closed at +her death in 1775. The room in which his grandfather had died in 1760 was +likewise closed. These four rooms were kept locked up, with the shutters +shut, till the year 1793, when the next owner came into possession, who +opened them, and caused them to be again used. Probably other cases of the +same sort may be known to your correspondents, as having occurred in the +last century; but the custom appears to be now extinct. + +L. + +_Standfast's Cordial Comforts._--I have lately procured a copy of an +interesting book, entitled + + "A Little Handful of Cordial Comforts: scattered throughout several + Answers to Sixteen Questions and Objections following. By Richard + Standfast, M.A., Rector of Christ Church in Bristol, and Chaplain in + Ordinary to King Charles II. Sixth Edition. Bristol, 1764. 18mo. pp. + 94." + +Can any of your readers give me further particulars of Mr. Standfast, or +tell me where to find them? In what year was the work first published? It +was reprinted in Bristol in 1764, "for Mr. Standfast Smith, apothecary, +great-grandson of the author." Has any later edition appeared? + +ABHBA. + +_"Predeceased" and "Designed."_--J. Dennistoun, in his _Memoirs of the +Dukes of Urbino_, ii. p. 239., says-- + + "His friend the cardinal had lately predeceased him." + +Can any of your readers give me an instance from any one of our standard +classical authors of a verb active "to decease"? + +The same author uses the word _designed_ several times in the sense of +_designated_. I should be glad of a few authorities for the use of the word +in this sense. + +W. A. + +_Lady Fights at Atherton._--A poem, published in 1643, in honour of the +King's successes in the West, has the following reference to a circumstance +connected with Fairfax's retreat at Atherton Moor: + + "When none but lady staid to fight." + +I should be glad to learn to what this refers, and whether or not the real +story formed the basis of De Foe's account of the fighting lady at Thame, +laid about the same period, viz. the early part of the year 1643. + +JAMES WAYLEN + +_Sketches of Civil War Garrisons, &c._--During the civil war, sketches and +drawings were, no doubt, made of the lines drawn about divers garrisons. +Some few of these have from time to time appeared as woodcuts: but I have a +suspicion that several remain only in MS. still. If any of your readers can +direct me to any collection of them in the British Museum or Oxford, they +would shorten a search that has long been made in vain. + +JAMES WAYLEN. + +_"Jurat? crede minus:" Epigram._--Can any of your learned readers inform me +by whom the following epigram was written? I lately heard it applied, in +conversation, to the Jesuits, but I think it is of some antiquity:-- + + "Jurat? crede minus: non jurat? credere noli: + Jurat, non jurat? hostis ab hoste cave." + +F. R. R. + +_Meaning of Gulls._--What is the origin of the word "gulls," as applied in +Wensleydale (North York) to hasty-pudding, which is a mixture of oatmeal +and milk or water boiled? + +D. 2. + +_The Family of Don._--Can any of your correspondents furnish me with +information regarding the family of Don, of Pitfichie, near Monymusk, +Aberdeenshire; or trace how they were connected with the Dons of Newton +Don, Roxburghshire? + +A. A. + + Abridge. + +_Wages in the last Century._--I should like to have any particulars of the +price of labour at various periods in the last century, especially the +wages of domestic servants. May I be permitted to mention that I am +collecting anecdotes of the manners and customs, social and domestic, of +our grandfathers, and should be much obliged for any curious particulars of +their ways of living, their modes of travelling, or any peculiarities of +their daily life? I am anxious to form a museum of the characteristic +curiosities of the century; its superstitions, its habits, and its +diversions. + +A. A. + + Abridge. + +_Woman, Lines on._--Can any of your correspondents inform me who was the +author of the following lines:-- + + "She was ---- + But words would fail to tell her worth: think + What a woman ought to be, + And she was that." + +They are to be found on several tombstones throughout the country. + +SCRUTATOR. + +{144} + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +THE EPISCOPAL MITRE AND PAPAL TIARA. + +(Vol. iii., p. 62.) + +In answer to the question of an "INQUIRER" respecting the origin of the +peculiar form and first use of the episcopal mitre, I take the liberty of +suggesting that it will be found to be of Oriental extraction, and to have +descended from that country, either directly, or through the medium of +other nations, to the ecclesiastics of Christian Rome. The writers of the +Romish, as well as Reformed Churches, now admit, that most, if not all, of +the external symbols, whether of dress or ceremonial pageantry, exhibited +by the Roman Catholic priesthood, were adopted from the Pagans, under the +plea of being "indifferent in themselves, and applicable as symbolical in +their own rites and usages" (Marangoni, _Delle cose gentili e profane +trasportate nel uso ed ornamento delle chiesi_); in the same manner as many +Romish customs were retained at the Reformation for the purpose of inducing +the Papists to "come in," and conform to the other changes then made +(Southey, _History of the Church_). Thus, while the disciples of Dr. Pusey +extract their forms and symbols from the practices of Papal Rome, the +disciples of the Pope deduce theirs from the practices of Pagan Rome. + +With this preface I proceed to show that the episcopal _mitre_ and the +papal _tiara_ are respectively the copies each of a distinct head-dress +originally worn by the kings of Persia and the conterminous countries, and +by the chiefs of their priesthood, the Magi. The nomenclature alone +indicates a foreign extraction. It comes to us through the Romans from the +Greeks; both of which nations employed the terms [Greek: mitra], Lat. +_mitra_, and [Greek: tiara], Lat. _tiara_, to designate two different kinds +of covering for the head in use amongst the Oriental races, each one of a +distinct and peculiar form, though as being foreigners, and consequently +not possessing the technical accuracy of a native, they not unfrequently +confound the two words, and apply them indiscriminately to both objects. +Strictly speaking, the Greek [Greek: mitra], in its primitive notion, means +a long _scarf_, whence it came to signify, in a secondary sense, various +articles of attire composed with a scarf, and amongst others the Oriental +_turban_ (Herod. vii. 62.). But as we descend in time, and remove in +distance from the country where this object was worn, we find that the +Romans affixed another notion to the word, which they used very commonly to +designate the Asiatic or Phrygian cap (Virg. _AEn._ iv. 216.; Servius, +l.c.); and this sense has likewise been adopted in our own language: + + "That Paris now with his unmanly sort, + With _mitred_ hat."--Surrey, Virgil, _AEn._ iv. + +Thus the word _mitra_ in its later usage came to signify a _cap_ or +_bonnet_, instead of a turban; and it is needless to observe that the +priests of a religion comparatively modern, when they adopted the term, +would have taken it in the sense which was current at their own day. Now, +though the common people were not permitted to wear high bonnets, nor of +any other than a soft and flexible material, the kings and personages of +distinction had theirs of a lofty form, and stiffened for the express +purpose of making them stand up at an imposing elevation above the crown of +the head. In the national collection at Paris there is preserved an antique +gem, engraved by Caylus (_Recueil d'Antiq._, vol. ii. p. 124.), on which is +engraved the head of some Oriental personage, probably a king of Parthia, +Persia, or Armenia, who wears a tall upstanding bonnet, _mitred_ at the top +exactly like a bishop's, with the exception that it has three incisions at +the side instead of a single one. These separate incisions had no doubt a +symbolical meaning amongst the native races, although their allusive +properties are unknown to us; but it is not an unwarrantable inference, nor +inconsistent with the customs of these nations as enduring at this day, to +conclude that the numbers of one, two, or three, were appropriated as +distinctions of different degrees in rank; and that their priests, the +Magi, like those of other countries where the sovereign did not invest +himself with priestly dignities, imitated the habiliments as they assumed +the powers of the sovereign, and wore a bonnet closely resembling his in +form and dignity, with the difference of one large _mitre_ at each side, in +place of the three smaller ones. + +If this account be true respecting the origin of the mitre, it will lead us +by an easy step to determine the place where it was first used--at Antioch, +the "Queen of the East," where, as we are told in the Acts of the Apostles, +the followers of Christ were first called "Christians;" thus indicating +that they were sufficiently numerous and influential to be distinguished as +a separate class in that city, while those in Rome yet remained despised +and unknown. Antioch was the imperial residence of the Macedonian dynasty, +which succeeded Alexander, who himself assumed the upright bonnet of the +Persian king (Arrian. iv. 7.), and transmitted it to his successors, who +ruled over Syria for several hundred years, where its form would be ready +at hand as a model emblematic of authority for the bishop who ruled over +the primitive church in those parts. + +The tiara of the popes has, in like manner, an Eastern origin; but instead +of being adopted by them directly from its native birth-place, it descended +through Etruria to the Pagan priesthood of ancient Rome, and thence to the +head of the Roman Catholic Church. The [Greek: tiara] of the Greeks, and +_tiara_ of the Latins, expresses the cloth cap or _fez_ of the Parthians, +Persians, Armenians, &c., {145} which was a low scull-cap amongst the +commonalty, but a stiff and elevated covering for the kings and personages +of distinction (Xen. _Anab._ ii. 5, 23.). This imposing tiara is frequently +represented on ancient monuments, where it varies in some details, though +always preserving the characteristic peculiarity of a tall upright +head-dress. It is sometimes truncated at its upper extremity, at others a +genuine round-topped bonnet, like the Phrygian cap when pulled out to its +full length, and stiffened so as to stand erect--each a variety of form +peculiar to certain classes or degrees of rank, which at this period we are +not able to decide and distinguish with certainty. But on a bas-relief from +Persepolis, supposed to have belonged to the palace of Cyrus, and engraved +by Ferrario (_Costume dell' Asia_, vol. iii. tav. 47.), may be seen a +bonnet shaped very much like a beehive, the exact type of the papal tiara, +with three bands (the _triregno_) round its sides, and only wanting the +cross at the summit, and the strawberry-leaved decoration, to distinguish +it from the one worn by Pio Nono: and on a medal of Augustus, engraved on a +larger scale in Rich's _Companion to the Latin Dictionary_, art. Tutulus, +we find this identical form, with an unknown ornament of the top, for which +the popes substituted a cross, reappearing on the skull of a pagan priest. +I may add that the upright tiaras represented on works of ancient art, +which can be proved, or are known to be worn by royal personages, are +truncated at the summit; whence it does not seem an improper inference to +conclude that the round and conical ones belonged to persons inferior to +the kings alone in rank and influence, the Magi; which is the more +probable, since it is clear that they were adopted by the highest priests +of two other religions, those of Pagan and of Christian Rome. + +If space admits, I would also add that the official insignia and costume of +a cardinal are likewise derived from the pagan usages of Greece. Amongst +his co-religionists he is supposed to symbolize one of the Apostles of +Christ, who went forth ill clothed and coarsely shod to preach the Gospel; +whereas, in truth, his comfortable hat, warm cloak, and showy stockings, +are but borrowed plumage from the ordinary travelling costume of a Greek +_messenger_ ([Greek: apostolos]). The sentiment of travelling is always +conveyed in the ancient bas-reliefs and vase paintings by certain +conventional signs or accessories bestowed upon the figure represented, +viz., a broad-brimmed and low-crowned hat ([Greek: petasos], Lat. +_petasus_), with long ties (_redimicula_) hanging from its sides, which +served to fasten it under the chin, or sling it behind at the nape of the +neck when not worn upon the head; a wrapping cloak ([Greek: himation], Lat. +_pallium_) made of coarse material instead of fine lamb's wool; and a pair +of stout travelling boots laced round the legs with leathern thongs +([Greek: endromides]), more serviceable for bad roads and rough weather +than their representatives, red silk stockings. All these peculiarities may +be seen in the following engravings (Winhelm. _Mon. Ined. Tratt., Prelim._, +p. xxxv.; Id., tav. 85.; _Rich's Companion_, art. "Ceryx" and "Pallium"). + +I regret that the nature of your publication does not admit the +introduction of woodcuts, which would have enabled me to present your +readers with the best of all demonstrations for what I advance. In default +of that I have endeavoured to point out the most compendious and accessible +sources where the figures I refer to may be seen in engravings. But if any +reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES" should not have an opportunity of consulting +the books cited, and is desirous of pursuing the investigation to satisfy +himself, I would willingly transmit to him a drawing of the objects +mentioned through Mr. Bell, or any other channel deemed more convenient. + +A. RICH, JUNR. + +_The Episcopal Mitre_ (Vol. iii., p. 62.)--Godwyn, in his _Moses and +Aaron_, London, 1631, b. i., c. 5., says that-- + + "A miter of fine linnen sixteene cubits long, wrapped about his head, + and a plate of purple gold, or holy crowne, two fingers broad, whereon + was graven Holinesse to the Lord, which was tied with a blew lace upon + the forefront of the miter," + +was that "which shadowed and signified the kingly office of our Saviour +Christ," in the apparel of the Jewish high priest, and ordered (Lev. xvi. +4.): and again, in his _Romanae Historiae Anthologia_, Oxford, 1631, lib. +iii. sec. 1. cap. 8., he says that the + + "_Mitra_ did signifie a certaine attire for women's heads, as a coife + or such like." + +For further illustration see Virgil's _AEneid_, lib. iv. l. 216.: + + "Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem." + +Again, lib. ix. l. 616.: + + "Et tunicae manicas et habent redimicula mitrae." + +During the ennobling of the clergy by the Roman emperors, in the seventh +and eighth centuries, a crown was found necessary, and anciently cardinals +wore mitres; but, at the council of Lyons, in 1245, they were appointed to +wear hats. + +BLOWEN. + +_The Episcopal Mitre_ (Vol. iii., p. 62.).--AN INQUIRER will find much +curious matter respecting the mitre, collected both from classical writers +and antiquaries, in _Explications de plusieurs Textes difficiles de +l'Ecriture par le R. P. Dom._ [_Martin_], 4to., a Paris, 1730. To any one +ambitious of learnedly occupying some six or seven columns of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" the ample foot references are very tempting; I content myself with +transcribing two or three of the entries in the index: + + _"Mitre des anciens, leur nature, et leur forme; etait la {146} marque + du Sacerdoce; se portait ordinairement a la tete, et quelquefois aux + mains. Forme des mitres dans leur origine, et dans les tems + posterieurs,_" &c. + +This dissertation, which is illustrated by several plates, will repay for +the time spent in reading it. I presume INQUIRER is acquainted with +Godwyn's _Moses and Aaron_, where he will find something. + +W. DN. + +_Episcopal Mitre._--The origin of the peculiar form of the episcopal mitre +is the cloven tongues which descended on the Apostles on the day of +Pentecost, with the gift of the Holy Spirit. Of this the mitre is an +emblem. + +L. M. M. R. + + * * * * * + +DRYDEN'S ESSAY UPON SATIRE. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 422. 462.) + +The Query proposed by your correspondent, as to the authorship of the +_Essay on Satire_, is a very interesting one, and I am rather surprised +that it has not yet been replied to. In favour of your correspondent's +view, and I think it is perhaps the strongest argument which can be +alleged, is Dean Lockier's remark:-- + + "Could anything be more impudent than his (Sheffield's) publishing that + satire, for writing which Dryden was beaten in Rose Alley (and which + was so remarkably known by the name of the 'Rose Alley Satire') as his + own? Indeed he made a few alterations in it, but these were only + verbal, and generally for the worse."--Spence's _Anecdotes_, edit. + Singer, p. 64. + +Dean Lockier, it must be observed, was well acquainted with Dryden from +1685 to the time of his death; and appears to speak so positively that he +would seem to have acquired his knowledge from Dryden's own information. +His first introduction to that great poet arose from an observation made in +Dryden's hearing about his Mac Fleckno; and it is therefore the more likely +that he would be correctly informed as to the author's other satires. Dean +Lockier was, it may be added, a good critic; and his opinions on literary +subjects are so just, that it is to be regretted we have only very few of +them. + +I confess I do not attach much weight to the argument arising from the +lines on the Earl of Mulgrave himself contained in the poem. To transfer +suspicion from himself, in so general a satire, it was necessary to include +his own name amongst the rest; but, though the lines are somewhat obscure, +it is, after all, as respects him, compared with the other persons +mentioned, a very gentle flagellation, and something like what children +call a make-believe. Indeed Rochester, in a letter to his friend Henry +Saville (21st Nov. 1679), speaks of it as a panegyric. + +On the other hand, Mulgrave expressly denied Dryden's being the author, in +the lines in his _Essay on Poetry_,-- + + "Tho' praised and punished for another's rhymes." + +and by inference claimed the poem, or at least the lines on Rochester, as +his own. Dryden, in the Preface to his Virgil, praises the _Essay on +Poetry_ in the highest terms; but says not a word to dispute Mulgrave's +statement, though he might then have safely claimed the _Essay on Satire_, +if his own; and though he must have been aware that, by his silence, he was +virtually resigning his sole claim to its authorship. It was subsequently +included in Mulgrave's works, and has ever since gone under the joint names +of himself and Dryden. + +On the question of internal evidence critics differ. Your correspondent can +see in it no hand but Dryden's; while Malone will scarcely allow that +Dryden made even a few verbal alterations in it (Life, p. 130.); and Sir +Walter Scott is not inclined to admit any further participation on the part +of the great poet than "a few hints for revision," and denies its merit +altogether--a position in which I think very few, who carefully peruse it, +will agree with him. + +I am disposed to take a middle course between your correspondent and +Dryden's two biographers, and submit that there is quite sufficient +internal evidence of joint ownership. I cannot think such lines as-- + + "I, who so wise and humble seem to be, + Now my own vanity and pride can't see;" + +or,-- + + "I, who have all this while been finding fault, + E'en with my master who first satire taught, + And did by that describe the task so hard, + It seems stupendious, and above reward." + +or,-- + + "To tell men freely of their foulest faults, + To laugh at their vain deeds and vainer thoughts:" + +would proceed from Dryden, while it is to be noticed that the inharmonious +rhymes "faults" and "thoughts" were favourites of Mulgrave, and occur twice +in his _Essay on Poetry_. + +Neither can I doubt that the verses on Shaftesbury,--the four "will any +dog;" the four "For words and wit did anciently agree," the four "Mean in +each action;" the two "Each pleasure has its price"--are Dryden's +additions, with many others, which a careful reader will instantly +appropriate. + +I can find no sufficient authority for the statement of Malone and Sir W. +Scott, that Pope revised the _Essay on Satire_. It is well known he +corrected that on Poetry. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + Manchester, Feb. 10. 1851. + +{147} + + * * * * * + +FOUNDATION-STONE OF ST. MARK'S AT VENICE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 88.) + +I recollect having seen the stone in question in the collection of the late +Mr. Douce, in whose possession it had been for some years before his +communication of it to the Society of Antiquaries. It is quite evident that +he was satisfied of its authenticity, and it was most probably an +accidental purchase from some dealer in antiquities, who knew nothing about +it. I happen to know that it remained in the hands of Sir Henry Ellis at +the time of Mr. Douce's death, and your correspondent H. C. R. will most +probably find it among the other collections of Mr. Douce now in the museum +at Goodrich Castle. + +The doubt expressed by your correspondent is evidently founded upon the +engraving and accompanying paper in the 26th volume of the _Archaeologia_; +and as it conveys such a grave censure of the judgment of the director of +the council and secretaries of the Antiquarian Society, it appears to me +that it is incumbent upon him to satisfy his doubts by seeing the stone +itself, and, if he should be convinced of his error, to make the _amende +honorable_. + +It is to be regretted that he did not state "the points which have +suggested this notion of its being a hoax." For my own part, I cannot see +the motive for such a falsification; and if it is one, it is the +contrivance of some one who had more epigraphic skill than is usually found +on such occasions. + +There is nothing in the objection of your correspondent as to the size and +form of the stone which would have any weight, and it is not necessary to +suppose that it "must have been loose in the world for 858 years." On +pulling down the old church, the foundation-stone in which this was +imbedded may have been buried with the rubbish, and exhumed in +comparatively recent times. It had evidently fallen into rude and ignorant +hands, and suffered by being violently detached from the stone in which it +was imbedded. + +Every one who knew the late Mr. Douce must have full confidence in his +intimate knowledge of mediaeval antiquity, and would not easily be led to +imagine that he could be deceived on a point like this; but are we to +presume, from a vague _idea_ of your correspondent's, that the executive +body of the Society of Antiquaries would fail to detect a forgery of this +nature? + +S. W. S., _olim_ F. S. A. + +_Foundation-stone of St. Mark's, Venice_ (Vol. iii., p.88.).--This singular +relic is now preserved in the "Doucean Museum," at Goodrich Court, +Herefordshire, with the numerous objects of art and antiquities bequeathed +by Mr. Douce to the late Sir Samuel Meyrick. I believe that nothing can now +be ascertained regarding the history of this stone, or how it came into the +possession of Mr. Douce. Sir Samuel enumerates it amongst "Miscellaneous +Antiquities," No. 2., in his interesting Inventory of this Collection, +given in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, Feb., 1835, p. 198. The Doucean Museum +comprises, probably, the finest series of specimens of sculpture in ivory +existing in any collection in England. The Limoges enamels are also highly +deserving of notice. + +ALBERT WAY. + + * * * * * + +HISTOIRE DES SEVARAMBES. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 4. and 72.) + +I am not sufficiently familiar with Vossius or his works to form any +opinion as to the accuracy of the conclusion which MR. CROSSLEY has arrived +at. There is at least much obscurity in the matter, to which I have long +paid some little attention. + +My Copy is entitled,-- + + "The History of the Sevarambians: A People of the South continent. In + _Five_ Parts. Containing an Account of the Government, &c. Translated + from the Memoirs of Capt. _Siden_, who lived fifteen years amongst + them. Lond. 1738." (8vo. pp. xxiii. and 412.) + +I have given this to show how it differs from that spoken of by MR. C. as +being in _two_ parts, by Capt. Thos. _L_iden, and not a reprint, but a +translation from the French, which Lowndes says was "considerably _altered_ +and _enlarged_." + +If this be so, we can hardly ascribe to Vossius the edition of 1738. The +preface intimates that the papers were written in Latin, French, Italian, +and Dutch, and placed in the editor's hands in England, on his promising to +methodise them and put them all into one language; but I do not observe the +slightest allusion to the work having previously appeared either in English +or French, although we find that Barbier, in his _Dict. des Anon._, gives +the French edit. 1 pt. Paris, 1677; 2 pt. Paris, 1678 et 1679, 2 vols. +12mo.; Nouvelle edit. Amsterdam, 1716, 2 vols. 12mo.; and ascribes it to +Denis Vairasse d'Alais. + +There is a long account of this work in _Dict. Historique_, par Marchand: a +la Haye, 1758, fo. sub. nom., Allais, as the author, observing-- + + "Il y a diversite d'opinions touchant la langue en laquelle il a ete + ecrit ou compose." + +The earliest he mentions is the English one of 1675, and an edition in the +French, "a Paris, 1677;" which states on the title, _Traduit de l'Anglois_, +whereas the second part is "imprimee a Paris _chez l'Auteur_, 1678," from +which Marchand concludes that Allais was the writer, adding,-- + + "On n'a peut-etre jamais vu de Fiction composee avec plus d'art et plus + d'industrie, et il faut avouer {148} qu'il y en a peu ou le + vraisemblable soit aussi ingenieusement et aussi adroitement conserve." + +Wm. Taylor, of Norwich, writes to Southey, asking,-- + + "Can you tell me who wrote the _History of the Sevarambians_? The book + is to me curious. Wieland steals from it so often, that it must have + been a favourite in his library; if I had to impute the book by guess, + I would fix on Maurice Ashby, the translator of Xenophon's _Cyropaedia_, + as the author." + +to which Southey replies,-- + + "Of the Sevarambians I know nothing!" (See _Gent. Mag._ N.S. xxi. p. + 355.) + +Sir W. Scott, in his _Memoirs of Swift_, p. 304. (edit. 1834), speaking of +_Gulliver's Travels_, says-- + + "A third volume was published by an unblushing forger, as early as + 1727, without printer's name, a great part of which is unacknowledged + plunder from a work entitled _Hist. des Sevarambes_, ascribed to Mons. + Alletz, suppressed in France and other Catholic kingdoms on account of + its deistical opinions." + +It would seem from this, that Sir Walter was not aware of the English work, +or knew much of its origin or the author. + +F. R. A. + +_Histoire des Sevarambes._--The second edition of Gulliver's Travels, +entitled _Travels into several Remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel +Gulliver_, 2 vols. 8vo., London, 1727, is accompanied with a spurious third +volume, printed at London in the same year, with a similar title-page, but +not professing to be a second edition. This third volume is divided into +two parts: the first part consists, first, of an Introduction in pp. 20; +next, of two chapters, containing a second voyage to Brobdingnag, which are +followed by four chapters, containing a voyage to Sporunda. The second part +consists of six chapters, containing a voyage to Sevarambia, a voyage to +Monatamia, a voyage to Batavia, a voyage to the Cape, and a voyage to +England. The whole of the third volume, with the exception of the +introduction and the two chapters relating to Brobdingnag, is derived from +the _Histoire des Sevarambes_, either in its English or French version. + +L. + + * * * * * + +TOUCHING FOR THE EVIL. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 42. 93.) + +There is ample evidence that the French monarchs performed the ceremony of +touching for the evil. + +In a MS. in the University Library, Cambridge[18], is this memorandum:-- + + "The Kings of England and _Fraunce_ by a peculiar guift cure the King's + evill by touching them with their handes, and so doth the seaventh + sonne."--_Ant. Miraldus_, p. 384. + +Fuller intimates that St. Louis was the first king of France who healed the +evil. "So witnesseth Andrew Chasne, a French author, and others."[19] + +Speaking of the illness of Louis XI., "at Forges neere to Chinon," in +March, 1480, Philip de Commines says: + + "After two daies he recovered his speech and his memory after a sort: + and because he thought no man understood him so wel as my selfe, his + pleasure was that I should alwaies be by him, and he confessed himselfe + to the officiall in my presence, otherwise they would never have + understood one another. He had not much to say, for he was shriven not + long before, because the Kings of Fraunce use alwaies to confesse + themselves when they touch those that be sick of the King's evill, + which he never failed to do once a weeke. If other Princes do not the + like, they are to blame, for continuall a great number are troubled + with that disease."[20] + +Pierre Desrey, in his _Great Chronicles of Charles VIII._, has the +following passage relating to that monarch's proceedings at Rome in +January, 1494-5:-- + + "Tuesday the 20th, the king heard mass in the French chapel, and + afterwards touched and cured many afflicted with the king's evil, to + the great astonishment of the Italians who witnessed the miracle."[21] + +And speaking of the king at Naples, in April, 1495, the same chronicler +says:-- + + "The 15th of April, the king, after hearing mass in the church of the + Annonciada, was confessed, and then touched and cured great numbers + that were afflicted with the evil--a disorder that abounded much all + over Italy--when the spectators were greatly edified at the powers of + such an extraordinary gift. + + * * * * * + + "On Easter day, the 19th of April, the king was confessed in the church + of St. Peter, adjoining to his lodgings, and then touched for the evil + a second time."[22] + +Fuller, in remarking upon the cure of the king's evil by the touch of our +English monarchs, observes:-- + + "The kings of France share also with those of England in this + miraculous cure. And Laurentius reports, that when Francis I., king of + France, was kept prisoner in Spain, he, notwithstanding his exile and + restraint, daily cured infinite multitudes of people of that disease; + according to this epigram: + + _'Hispanos inter sanat rex chaeradas, estque_ + _Captivus Superis gratus, ut ante fuit.'_ + + 'The captive king the evil cures in Spain: + Dear, as before, he doth to God remain.' + + "So it seemeth his medicinal quality is affixed not {149} to his + prosperity, but person; so that during his durance, he was fully free + to exercise the same."[23] + +Cavendish, relating what took place on Cardinal Wolsey's embassy to Francis +I., in 1527, has the following passage:-- + + "And at his [the king's] coming in to the bishop's palace [at Amiens], + where he intended to dine with my Lord Cardinal, there sat within a + cloister about two hundred persons diseased with the king's evil, upon + their knees. And the king, or ever he went to dinner, provised every of + them with rubbing them and blessing them with his bare hands, being + bareheaded all the while; after whom followed his almoner distributing + of money unto the persons diseased. And that done, he said certain + prayers over them, and then washed his hands, and so came up into his + chamber to dinner, where as my lord dined with him."[24] + +Laurentius, cited by Fuller in the page already given, was, it seems, +physician in ordinary to King Henry IV. of France. In a treatise entitled +_De Mirabili Strumarum Curatione_, he stated that the kings of England +never cured the evil. "To cry quits with him," Dr. W. Tucker, chaplain to +Queen Elizabeth, in his _Charismate_, denied that the kings of France ever +originally cured the evil + + "but _per aliquam propaginem_, 'by a sprig of right,' derived from the + primitive power of our English kings, under whose jurisdiction most of + the French provinces were once subjected."[25] + +Louis XVI., immediately after his coronation at Rheims, in 1775, went to +the Abbey of St. Remi to pay his devotions, and to touch for the evil. The +ceremony took place in the Abbey Park, and is thus described in a paper +entitled _Coronation of the Kings of France prior to the Revolution_, by +Charles White, Esq.:-- + + "Two thousand four hundred individuals suffering under this affliction, + having been assembled in rows in the park, his majesty, attended by the + household physicians, approached the first on the right. The + physician-in-chief then placed his hand upon the patient's head, whilst + a captain of the guards held the hands of the latter joined before his + bosom. The king, with his head uncovered, then touched the patient by + making the sign of the cross upon his face, exclaiming, 'May God heal + thee! The king touches thee.' The whole two thousand four hundred + having been healed in a similar manner, and the grand almoner having + distributed alms to each in succession, three attendants, called _chefs + de goblet_, presented themselves with golden salvers, on which were + three embroidered napkins. The first, steeped in vinegar, was then + offered to the king by Monsieur; the second, dipped in plain water, was + presented by the Count d'Artois; and the third, moistened with orange + water, was banded by the Duke of Orleans."[26] + +The power of the seventh son to heal the evil (mentioned in the MS. I have +cited) is humourously alluded to in the _Tatler_ (No. 11.). I subjoin the +passage, which occurs in a letter signed "D. Distaff." + + "_Tipstaff_, being a seventh son, used to cure the _king's evil_; but + his rascally descendants are so far from having that healing quality, + that by a touch upon the shoulder, they give a man such an ill habit of + body, that he can never come abroad afterwards." + +I imagine that by the seventh son is meant the seventh son of a seventh +son. + +C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, Feb. 4. 1851. + +P.S. Since the above was written, I have observed the following notice of +the work of Laurentius in Southey's _Common Place Book_, 4th Series, 478. +(apparently from a bookseller's catalogue): + + "Laurentius (And.) De Mirabili Strumas Sanandi VI. Solis Galliae Regibus + Christianissimis divinitas concessa, (_fine copy_,) 12s. Paris, 1609. + + "This copy possesses the large folded engraving of Henry IV., assisted + by his courtiers in the ceremony of curing the king's evil." + +[Footnote 18: _Dd._ 2. 41. fo. 38 b.] + +[Footnote 19: Fuller, _Church History_, edit. 1837, i. 228.] + +[Footnote 20: Danett's Translation. edit. 1614, p. 203.] + +[Footnote 21: Monstrelet edit. 1845, ii. 471.] + +[Footnote 22: Ibid. 476.] + +[Footnote 23: Fuller, _Church History_, edit. 1837, i. 227.] + +[Footnote 24: Cavendish, _Life of Wolsey_, edit. Singer, 1825, vol. i. p. +104.] + +[Footnote 25: Fuller, _Church History_, edit. 1837, i. pp. 227, 228.] + +[Footnote 26: _New Monthly Magazine_, vol. liii. p. 160.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Forged Papal Bulls_ (Vol. ii., p. 491.).--In your Number, 20th Dec., J. E. +inquires where is the instrument for counterfeiting the seal of the Pope's +Bulls, which was dredged up from the ruins of old London Bridge. It is in +my possession, and your correspondent will find an account of it, with +woodcuts of the instrument itself and the seal, in the _Proceedings of the +Archaeological Association_, 11th Feb. 1846. + +GEO. R. CORNER. + + Eltham. + +_Obeism._--As your correspondent T. H. (Vol. iii., p. 59.) desires "any +information" on the subject of _Obeism_, in the absence of more and better, +I offer my mite: that in the early part of this century it was very common +among the slave-population in the West Indies, especially on the remoter +estates--of course of African origin--not as either a "religion" or a +"rite," but rather as a superstition; a power claimed by its professors, +and assented to by the _patients_, of causing good or evil to, or averting +it from them; which was of course always for a "consideration" of some +sort, to the profit, whether honorary, pecuniary, or other, of the +dispenser. It is by the pretended influence of certain spells, charms, +ceremonies, amulets worn, or other such incantations, as practised with +more or less diversity by the adepts, the magicians and conjurers, the +"false prophets" of all ages and countries. + +{150} + +On this matter, a curious phenomenon to investigate would be, the process +by which the untonsured neophyte is converted into the bonneted doctor; the +progress and stages of his mind in the different phases of the practice; +how he begins by deceiving himself, to end in deceiving others; the first +uninquiring ignorance; the gradual admission of ideas, what he is taught or +left to imagine; the faith, of what is fancied to be so, the mechanical +belief; then the confusion of thought from the intrusion of doubt and +uncertainty; the adoption of some undefined notions; and, finally, actual +unbelief; followed by designed and systematic injustice in the practice of +what first was taken up in sincerity, though even this now perhaps is not +unmixed with some fancy of its reality. For this must be the gradation more +or less gone through in all such things, whether Obeism, Fetichism, the +Evil Eye, or any sort of sorcery or witchcraft, in whatever variousness of +form practised; cheats on the one hand, and dupes on the other the _primum +mobile_ in every case being, some shape or other of _gain_ to the +practitioner. + +It seems, however, hardly likely that Obeism should now be "rapidly gaining +ground again" there, from the greater spread of Christianity and diffusion +of enlightenment and information in general since the slave-emancipation; +as also from the absence of its feeding that formerly accompanied every +fresh importation from the coast: as, like mists before the mounting sun, +all such impostures must fade away before common sense, truth, and facts, +whenever these are allowed their free influence. + +The conclusion, then, would rather be, that Obeism is on the decline only +more apparent, when now seen, than formerly, from its attracting greater +notice. + +M. + +_Obeahism._--In answer to T. H.'s Query regarding Obeahism, though I cannot +answer his question fully, as to its origin, &c., yet I have thought that +what I can communicate may serve to piece out the more valuable information +of your better informed correspondents. I was for a short time in the +island of Jamaica, and from what I could learn there of Obeahism, the power +seemed to be obtained by the Obeah-man or woman, by working upon the fears +of their fellow-negroes, who are notoriously superstitious. The principal +charm seemed to be, a collection of feathers, coffin furniture, and one or +two other things which I have forgotten. A small bundle of this, hung over +the victim's door, or placed in his path, is supposed to have the power of +bringing ill luck to the unfortunate individual. And if any accident, or +loss, or sickness should happen to him about the time, it is immediately +imputed to the dreaded influence of Obeah! But I have heard of cases where +the unfortunate victim has gradually wasted away, and died under this +powerful spell, which, I have been informed by old residents in the island, +is to be attributed to a more natural cause, namely, the influence of +poison. The Obeah-man causes a quantity of _ground glass_ to be mixed with +the food of the person who has incurred his displeasure; and the result is +said to be a slow but sure and wasting death! Perhaps some of your medical +readers can say whether an infusion of _powdered glass_ would have this +effect. I merely relate what I have been told by others. + +While speaking of the superstition of the negroes, I may mention a very +curious one, very generally received and universally believed among them, +called the _rolling calf_, which, if you wish, I will give you an account +of in my next. + +D. P. W. + +_Pillgarlick_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., pp. 42. 74.).--It seems to me +that the passage quoted from Skelton by F. S. Q. completely elucidates the +meaning of this word. Let us premise that, according to all principles of +English etymology, _pill-garlick_ is as likely to mean "the pillar of +garlick" as to be a syncopated form of "_pill'd garlick_." Now we see from +Skelton's verse that in his time the peeling of garlick was proverbially a +degraded employment--one which was probably thrust off upon the lowest +inmate of the servants' hall, in an age when garlick entered largely into +the composition of all made dishes. The disagreeable nature of the +occupation is sufficient to account for this. Accordingly we may well +suppose that the epithet "a poor pill-garlick" would be applied to any +person, in miserable circumstances, who might be ready to undertake mean +employment for a trifling gratuity. + +This, I think, satisfactorily answers the original question, "Whence comes +the expression?" The verse quoted by F. S. Q. satisfactorily establishes +the orthography, viz., pi_ll_ garlick. A Query of some interest still +remains--In what author do we first find the compound word? + +R. D. H. + +_Pillgarlick_ (Vol. iii., p. 74.).--That _to pill_ is merely another form +of the word _to peel_, appears from the book of Genesis, c. xxx., v. 37, +38: "And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chesnut +tree: and _pilled_ white strakes in them, and made the white appear which +was in the rods. And he set the rods which he had _pilled_ before the +flocks," &c. + +On first seeing your correspondent's Query, it occurred to me that perhaps +"poor Pillgarlick" was in some way akin to "Pillicock," of whom Edgar, in +_King Lear_, records that "Pillicock sat on Pillicock's hill;" but the +connexion between these two worthies, if any, I confess myself quite unable +to trace. + +I conceive that Pillgarlick means "peeler of garlick," _i.e._ scullion; or, +to borrow a phrase from a witness in a late case at the Middlesex sessions, +{151} which has attracted some attention, "a person in a low way of life." + +The passage from Skelton, cited by your correspondent F. S. Q., may, I +think, be explained thus: the will is so powerful in man's moral +constitution, that the reason must content itself with an inferior place +(as that of a scullion compared with that of the master of the house); or +if it attempts to assert its proper place, it will find it a hopeless +endeavour--as hopeless as that of "rosting a stone." + +X. Z. + +_Hornbooks_ (Vol. ii., pp. 167. 236.).--In answer to MR. TIMBS, I send you +the following particulars of a _Hornbook_ in the British Museum, which I +have this morning examined. + +It is marked in the new catalogue (Press Mark 828, a. 55.). It contains on +one side the "Old English Alphabet"--the capitals in two lines, the small +letters in one. The fourth line contains the vowels twice repeated (perhaps +to _doubly_ impress upon the pupil the necessity of learning them). Next +follow, in two columns, our ancient companions, "ab, eb, ib," &c., and "ba, +be, bi," &c. After the formula of exorcism comes the "Lord's Prayer" (which +is given somewhat differently to our present version), winding up with "i. +ii. iii. iiii. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x." On the other side is the following +whimsical piece of composition:-- + + _"What more could be wished for, even by a literary gourmand under the + Tudors, than to be able to Read and Spell; To repeat that holy charm + before which fled all unholy Ghosts, Goblins, or even the old Gentleman + himself to the very bottom of the Red Sea, and to say that immortal + prayer, which secures heaven to all who _ex animo_ use it, and those + mathematical powers, by knowing units, from which spring countless + myriads."_ + +Now for my "Query." Can any of your correspondents oblige me with the +probable date of this _literally_ literary treasure, or refer me to any +source of information on the subject? + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + +_Bacon_ (Vol. iii., p. 41.).--The explanation given in a former number from +old Verstegan, of the original meaning of the family name of Bacon, and the +application of the word to the unclean beast, with the corroboration from +the pages of Collins's _Baronetage_, is very interesting. The word, as +applied to the salted flesh of the _dead_ animal, is another instance of +the introduction of a foreign term for a _dead_ animal, in opposition to +the Anglo-Saxon name of the living animal. It was used in this sense in +France at a very early period; and Ampere, in his _Histoire Litteraire de +la France avant le 12ieme Siecle_, iii. 482., mentions the word among other +instances of Gallicisms in the Latin of the Carolingian diplomas and +capitularies, and quotes the capitularies of Charles the Fat. _Bacco, porc +sale,_ from the _vulgar_ word _bacon_, _jambon_. The word was in use as +late as the seventeenth century in Dauphine, and the bordering cantons of +Switzerland, and is cited in the _Moyen de Parvenir_, ch. 38. The passage +is curious, as it would seem to intimate that Lord Bacon was one of the +personages introduced in that very extraordinary production of the +Rabelaisian school. + +I have frequently heard the word employed by the country people in the +markets of Geneva. + +J. B. D. + +_Lachrymatories_ (Vol. ii., pp. 326. 448.).--In illustration of the +question as to the _probable_ use of those small vases so commonly found in +sepulchral monuments, I extract the following from _Wayfaring Sketches +among the Greeks and Turks_. 2d edit. Introduction, pp. 6, 7. London: +Chapman, 1849. + + "The poorest of the sepulchres is certain to contain (in Greece) at + least a few of these beautiful vases, the lachrymatories, &c. + + * * * * * + + When found in the graves of females, their form would generally seem to + indicate that they had been used for containing scents, and other + requisites of the toilet; in one that was found not long since, there + was a preparation evidently (?) of rouge or some such paint for the + face, &c., _the mark left by the pressure of two fingers of a small + hand was distinctly visible_ (?)." + +To me, ignorant as I am of antiquarian matters, this sounds very curious; +and I send it you in case you may find it worthy of insertion, as +provocative of discussion, and with the utilitarian idea that _I_ may gain +some information on the subject. + +C. D. HAMONT. + + Greenock, Jan. 16. 1851. + +_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., p. 11.).--An intercepted +letter, apparently from a popish priest, preserved among the Venetian +correspondence in the State Paper Office, gives the following account of +the death-bed of the Queen; which, as illustrative of the observations of +your correspondent CUDYN GYWN, may not be uninteresting:-- + + "London, 9 Martii, 1603. + + "About 10 dayes synce dyed the Countess of Notingham. The Queene loved + the Countess very much, and hath seemed to take her death very + heavelye, remayning euer synce in a deepe melancholye, w^{th} conceipte + of her own death, and complayneth of many infirmyties, sodainlye to + haue ouertaken her, as impost[=u]mecon in her head, aches in her bones, + and continuall cold in her legges, besides notable decay in iudgem^t + and memory, insomuch as she cannot attend to any discourses of + governm^t and state, _but delighteth to heare some of the 100 merry + tales, and such like, and to such is uery attentiue;_ at other tymes + uery impatient, and testye, so as none of the Counsayle, but the + secretary, dare come in her presence." + +May we not class this story of her majesty's {152} predilection for the +hundred merry tales among the "black relations of the Jesuits?" + +SPES. + +_Meaning of Cefn._--What is the meaning of the Welsh word "Cefn" used as +prefix? + +JOSEPHUS. + +1. The first meaning of the word "Cefn" is, "the back;" _e.g._ "Cefn dyn," +"the back of a man." + +2. It also signifies "the upper part of the ridge of some elevated and +exposed land." As a prefix, its meaning depends upon the fact whether the +word attached to it be an adjective or a substantive. If an adjective be +attached, it has the _second_ signification; _i.e._ it is the upper part of +some exposed land, having the particular quality involved in the adjective, +such as, "Cefndu," "Cefngwyn," "Cefncoch," the black, white, or red +headland. + +When a substantive is attached, it has the _first_ signification; _i.e._ it +is the _back_ of the thing signified by the substantive; such as, +"Cefnllys," the back of the court. + +E. L. + +_Portrait of Archbishop Williams_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--There is a portrait +of this prelate in the library of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, in +the Cloisters. The greater part of the archbishop's library was given to +this library, but only one volume of it seems to have been preserved. It is +of this library the remark is made in J. Beeverell, _Delices de la Grande +Bretagne_, p. 847., 12mo., 1707: + + "Il se trouve dans le cloistre une bibliotheque _publique_, qui s'ouvre + soir et matin pendant les seances des Cours de Justice dans + Westminstre." + +[mu]. + +_Sir Alexander Cumming_ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--In answer to an inquiry +relative to Sir Alexander Cumming, of Culter, I may refer to the _Scottish +Journal_ (Menzies, Edin. 1848) _of Topography, Antiquities, Traditions, +&c._, vol. ii. p. 254., where an extract from a MS. autobiography of the +baronet is given. The work in which this occurs is little known; but, as a +repertory of much curious and interesting information, deserved a more +extensive circulation than it obtained. It stopped with the second volume, +and is now somewhat scarce, as the unsold copies were disposed of for waste +paper. + +_Pater-noster Tackling_ (Vol. iii., p. 89.).--_Pater-noster +fishing-tackle_, so called in the shops, is used to catch fish (perch, for +instance) which take the bait at various distances between the surface and +the bottom of the water. Accordingly, hooks are attached to a line at given +intervals throughout its length, with leaden shots, likewise regularly +distributed, in order to sink it, and keep it extended perpendicularly in +the water. + +This regularity of arrangement, and the resemblance of the shots to +_beads_, seems to have caused the contrivance to have been, somewhat +fancifully, likened to a _chaplet_ or _rosary_. In a rosary there is a bead +longer than the rest, for distinction's sake called the _Pater-noster_; +from whence that name applies to a rosary; and, therefore, to anything +likened to it; and, therefore, to the article of _fishing-tackle_ in +question. + +The word _pater-noster_, i.e. _pater-noster-wise_, is an heraldic term +(_vide_ Ash's _Dictionary_), applied to _beads_ disposed in the form of a +cross. + +ROBERT SNOW. + +_Welsh Words for Water_ (Vol. iii., p. 30.).-- + + "It is quite surprising," says Sharon Turner (_Trans. of the Royal + Society of Literature_, vol. i. pt. i. p. 97.), "to observe that, in + all the four quarters of the world, many nations signify this liquid by + a vocable of one or more syllables, from the letter M." + +He mentions the Hebrew word for it, _mim_; in Africa he finds twenty-eight +examples, in Asia sixteen, in South America five, in North America three, +in Europe three; and elsewhere, in Canary Islands one, in New Zealand one. +He adds-- + + "We trace the same radical in the Welsh _more_, the sea, and in the + Latin _mare, humor, humidus._[27] + + "All these people cannot be supposed to have derived their sound from + each other. It must have descended to them from some primitive source, + common to all." + +From the expression used by J. W. H., "the connexion of the Welsh _dwr_ +with the Greek [Greek: hudor] is remarkable," he appears not to have known +that Vezron found so many resemblances in the Doric or Laconic dialect, and +the Celtic, that he thereupon raised the theory that the Lacedaemonians and +the Celts were of the same--the Titanic--stock. + +T. J. + +[Footnote 27: He may have added the Armoric or Breton _mor_, _mar_; and the +Irish _muir_, _mara_.] + +_Early Culture of the Imagination_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--The germ of the +thought alluded to by MR. GATTY is as ancient as the time of Plato, and may +be found in the _Republic_, book ii. c. 17. If this will aid MR. GATTY in +his research, it is gladly placed at his disposal by + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + + January 20. 1851. + +_Venville_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--R. E. G. inquires respecting the origin of +this word, as applied to certain tenants round Dartmoor Forest. The name is +peculiar to that district, and is applied chiefly to certain _vills_ or +villages (for the most part also parishes), and to certain tenements within +them, which pay fines to the Lord of Lidford and Dartmoor, viz. the Prince +of Wales, as Duke of Cornwall. The fines are supposed to be due in respect +either of rights of common on the forest, or of trespasses committed by +cattle on it; for the point is a _vexata quaestio_ between the lord and +tenants of Dartmoor and the tenants of the Venville lands, which lie along +the boundaries of it. {153} In the accounts rendered to the lord of these +fines, there was a distinct title, headed _"Fines Villarum"_ when these +accounts were in Latin; and I think it cannot be doubted that the lands and +tenures under this title came to be currently called _Finevill_ lands from +this circumstance. Hence Fenvill, Fengfield, or Venvill; the last being now +the usual spelling and pronunciation. R. E. G. may see a specimen of these +accounts, and further observations on them, in Mr. Rowe's very instructive +_Perambulation of Dartmoor_, published a year or two ago at Plymouth. + +E. S. + +_Cum Grano Salis_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.) simply means, with a grain of +allowance; spoken of propositions which require qualification. The +Cambridge man's explanation, therefore, does not suit the meaning. I have +always supposed that salis was added to denote a small grain. I find in +Forcellini that the Romans called a small flaw in crystals _sal_. + +C. B. + +_Hoops_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.).--The examples given in Johnson's article +_Farthingale_ will sufficiently answer the question. Farthingales are +mentioned in Latimer with much indignant eloquence: + + "I trow Mary had never a verdingale." + +If the question had been, not whether they were in use as early as 1651, +but whether they were in use in 1651, perhaps there would have been more +difficulty, for they do not appear in Hollar's dresses, 1640. + +C. B. + +_Cranmer's Descendants_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--It may be of some interest to +C. D. F. to be informed, that the newspapers of the time recorded the death +of Mr. Bishop Cranmer of Wivelescombe, co. Somerset, on the 8th April, +1831, at the age of eighty-eight. He is said to have been a direct +descendant of the martyred archbishop, to whose portraits he bore a strong +personal resemblance. + +J. D. S. + +_Shakspeare's Use of the Word "Captious"_ (Vol. ii., p. 354.).--Why may not +the word have the same meaning as it has now? A _captious_ person is not +primarily a deceitful person, but either one who catches at any argument to +uphold his own cause, or, more generally, one who catches or cavils at +arguments or expressions used by another, and fastens a frivolous objection +on them; one who takes exception to a point on paltry and insufficient +grounds: + + "Yet in this captious and intenible sieve + I still pour in the waters of my love." + +_i.e._ yet into this sieve, which catches at, and yet never holds them, I +still pour the waters of my love. + +There seems to me a double meaning of the word _captious_, indicating an +under-current of thought in the author; first, the literal sense, then the +inferential: "this sieve catches at and seems as if it would intercept the +waters of my love, but takes me in, and disappoints me, because it will not +uphold them." The objection to explaining _captious_ by simply +_fallacious_, is that the word means this by inference or consequence, +rather than primarily. Because one who is eager to controvert, _i.e._ who +is captious, generally, but not always, acts for a sophistical purpose and +means to deceive. Cicero, I believe, uses _fallax_ and _captiosus_ as +distinct, not as synonymous, terms. + +E. A. D. + +_Boiling to Death_ (Vol. ii., p. 519.).-- + + "Impoysonments, so ordinary in Italy, are so abominable among English, + as 21 Hen. 8. it was made high treason, though since repealed; after + which the punishment for it was to be put alive in a caldron of water, + and there boiled to death: at present it is felony without benefit of + clergy."--Chamberlayne's _State of England_,--an old copy, without a + title-page. + +Judging from the list of bishops and maids of honour, I believe the date to +be 1669. + +WEDSECNARF. + +_Dozen of Bread_ (Vol. ii., p. 49.).--The Duchess of Newcastle says of her +_Nature's Picture_: + + "In this volume there are several feigned stories, &c. Also there are + some morals and some dialogues; but they are as the advantage loaf of + bread to the baker's dozen." 1656. + +WEDSECNARF. + +_Friday Weather_ (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--A very old friend of mine, a +Shropshire lady, tells me that her mother (who was born before 1760) used +to say that Friday was always the fairest, or the foulest, day of the week. + +WEDSECNARF. + +_Saint Paul's Clock_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--In reply to MR. CAMPKIN'S Query, +I send you the following extract from Easton's _Human Longevity_ (London, +1799): + + "James Hatfield died in 1770, aged 105. Was formerly a soldier: when on + duty as a centinel at Windsor, one night, at the expiration of his + guard, he heard St. Paul's clock, London, strike _thirteen_ strokes + instead of twelve, and not being relieved as he expected he fell + asleep; in which situation he was found by the succeeding guard, who + soon after came to relieve him; for such neglect he was tried by a + court-martial, but pleading that he was on duty his legal time, and + asserting, as a proof, the singular circumstance of hearing St. Paul's + clock strike thirteen strokes, which, upon inquiry, proved true--he was + in consequence acquitted." + +J. B. COLMAN. + +_Lunardi_ (Vol. ii., p. 469.).--I remember seeing Lunardi's balloon pass +over the town of Ware, previous to its fall at Standon. I have seen the +_moonstone_ described by your correspondent C. J. F., but all that I can +remember of an old song on the occasion is. "They thought it had been the +man in the moon," alluding to the men in the fields, who ran away +frightened. But a servant girl had {154} the courage to take the rope +thrown out by Lunardi, and was well rewarded. It caused a great sensation, +and many of the principal inhabitants of Ware and Wadesmill assembled with +Lunardi at the Feathers Inn, at the latter place. + +J. TAYLOR. + + Newick, Sussex. + +_Outline in Painting_.--J. O. W. H. (Vol. i., p. 318.) and H. C. K. (Vol. +iii., p. 63.) are earnestly referred, for resolution of their doubts, to +the work by Mr. Ruskin, in 2 vols. large 8vo., entitled _Modern Painters_, +by a _Graduate of Oxford_, published by Smith and Elder, 1846. + +ROBERT SNOW. + +_Handbell before a Corpse_ (vol. iii., p. 68.).--Your correspondent +[Hebrew: B]. has too inconsiderately dismissed the Query which he has +undertaken to answer touching the custom of ringing a handbell in advance +of a funeral procession. He says, "I have never considered it as anything +but _a cast of the bell-man's office_, to add more solemnity to the +occasion." + +The custom is _invariably_ observed throughout Italy, and is common in +France and Spain. I have witnessed at least some hundreds of funerals in +various cities and villages of Piedmont, Sardinia, Tuscany, the Roman +States, Naples, Elba, and Sicily; and in Malta; yet never knew I one +without the handbell. + +Its _object_, as first explained to me in Florence, is to clear the way for +the procession; to remind passengers and loiterers to take off their hats; +and to call the pious to their doors and windows to gaze upon the emblems +of mortality, and to say a prayer for the repose of the departed soul. + +NOCAB. + +_Brandon the Juggler_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.).--Your correspondent T. CR. is +referred to Scot's _Discoverie of Witchcraft_, p. 308. (edit. 1584) for a +notice of this person and his pigeon. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + +"_Words are Men's Daughters_" (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--This line is taken from +Dr. Madden's _Boulter's Monument_ (Dublin, 1745, 8vo.), a poem which was +revised by Dr. Johnson, but to which little attention has been paid by his +biographers. Mr. Croker observes (edit. of Boswell, 1848, p. 107. note)-- + + "Dr. Madden wrote very bad verses. The few lines in Boulter's monument + which rise above mediocrity may be attributed to Johnson." + +Those who take the trouble to refer to the poem itself, will, +notwithstanding Mr. Croker's hasty criticism, find a great many fine and +vigorous passages, in which the hand of Johnson is clearly distinguishable, +and which ought not to be allowed to remain unnoticed. Perhaps on a future +occasion I may, in support of this opinion, give some specimens from the +poem. The line as to which T. J. inquires,-- + + "Words are men's daughters, but God's Sons are things,"-- + +and which is in allusion to Genesis vi. 2. 4., is, I entertain no doubt, +one of Dr. Johnson's insertions. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + +"_Fine by degrees, and beautifully less_" (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--This line +is from Prior's "Henry and Emma," a poem, upon the model of the "Nut-brown +Maid." I copy part of the passage in which it occurs, for the sake of any +of your readers who may be lovers of _context_, and may not have the poem +at hand to refer to. + + "_Henry_ [addressing Emma]. + "Vainly thou tell'st me what the woman's care + Shall in the wildness of the woods prepare; 420 + Thou, ere thou goest, unhappiest of thy kind, + Must leave the habit and the sex behind. + No longer shall thy comely tresses break + In flowing ringlets on thy snowy neck; + Or sit behind thy head, an ample round, + In graceful braids with various ribbon bound: + No longer shall the bodice aptly lac'd + From thy full bosom to thy slender waist, + That air and harmony of shape express, + Fine by degrees, and beautifully less: 430 + Nor shall thy lower garments' artful plait, + From thy fair side dependent to thy feet, + Arm their chaste beauties with a modest pride, + And double every charm they seek to hide." + +C. FORBES. + + Temple, Feb. 10. + + [We are also indebted for replies to this Query to Robert Snow, Fras. + Crossley, A. M., J. J. M., A. H., S. T., E. S. T. T., V., W. K., R. B., + and other correspondents. C. H. P. remarks: + + "Pope, who died in 1744, twenty-three years after Prior, evidently had + this line in view when he wrote as follows:-- + + "'Ladies, like variegated tulips, show; + 'Tis to their changes half their charms they owe; + Fine by defect, and delicately weak, + Their happy spots the nice admirer take.'" + + And J. H. M. tells us, "The late Lord Ellenborough applied the line + somewhat ignobly, when speaking of bristles, in a dispute between two + brushmakers."] + +_"The Soul's dark Cottage"_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--The couplet "EFFARESS" +inquires for, is to be found in Waller's poems. It is a production of his +later years, and occurs in the epilogue to his "Poems of Divine Love," and +"Of the Fear of God," &c., thus:-- + + "The soul's dark cottage, batter'd and decay'd, + Lets in new light through chinks that time has made, + Stronger by weakness, wiser, men become, + As they draw nigh to their eternal home. + Leaving the old, both worlds at once they view, + That stand upon the threshold of the new." + +{155} + +There is another couplet worth citing-- + + "The seas are quiet, when the winds give o'er; + So calm are we, when passions are no more." + +How different were the effusions of Waller's earlier muse! In the year +1645, Humphrey Mosley published "_Poems, &c_., written by Mr. Ed. Waller, +of Beaconsfield, Esquire, lately a Member of the Honourable House of +Commons." The title-page also states that-- + + "All the Lyrick Poems in this Booke were set by Mr. Henry Lawes of the + King's Chappell, and one of his Majesties Private Musick." + +It is not a little remarkable that the same publisher, in the same year, +should have also given to the world the first edition of that precious +volume--Milton's _Minor Poems_; and, in the advertisement prefixed, he thus +adverts to the circumstance:-- + + "That incouragement I have already received from the most ingenious + men, in their clear and courteous entertainment of _Mr. Waller's_ late + choice Peeces, hath onece more made me adventure into the world, + presenting it with these _ever-green and not to be blasted laurels_." + +Had Humphrey Mosley any presentiment of the deathless fame of Milton? + +S. W. SINGER. + +_"The Soul's dark Cottage," &c_. (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--This admired +couplet can never escape recollection. It was written by Waller. From the +tenor of some preceding lines, and the place which the verses occupy in the +edition of 1693, they must be among the latest of his compositions. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + [A. H. H., R. B., C. J. R., H. G. T., and other friends have replied to + this Query. + + The Rev. J. Sansom points out a kindred passage in his poem of _Divine + Love_, canto vi. p. 249.: + + "The soul contending to that light to fly + From her dark cell," &c. + + H. G. sends a beautiful parallel passage from Fuller (_Holy State Life + of Monica_): "Drawing near her death, she sent most pious thoughts as + harbingers to heaven, and her soul saw a glimpse of happiness through + the chinks of her sickness-broken body." And J. H. M. informs us that + amongst Duke's Poems is a most flattering one addressed to Waller, + evidently allusive to the lines in question.] + +"_Beauty Retire_" (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--The lines beginning "Beauty +Retire," which Pepys set to music, taken from the second part of the _Siege +of Rhodes_, act iv. scene 2., are printed in the 5th volume of the +_Memoirs_, p. 250., 3rd edition. + +I believe the music exists in the Pepysian Library, but any of the Fellows +of Magdalene College could ascertain the fact. + +BRAYBROOKE. + +_Mythology of the Stars_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--I would here add to my +recommendation of Captain Smyth's _Celestial Cycle_ (_ante_, p. 70.), that +soon after it appeared it obtained for its author the annual gold medal of +the Royal Astronomical Society; and that it is a book adapted to the +exigencies of astronomers of all degrees, from the experienced astronomer, +furnished with every modern refinement of appliances and means of +observation, to the humbler, but perhaps no less zealous beginner, +furnished only with a good pair of natural eyes, aided, on occasion, by the +common opera-glass. Such an observer, if he goes the right way to work, +will make sure of a high degree of entertainment and instruction, and may +reasonably hope to light on a discovery or two, worthy, even in the present +day, of being recorded. + +ROBERT SNOW. + +_Simon Bache_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--_Thesaurarius Hospitii_.--The office +of "Thesaurarius Hospitii," about which A. W. H. inquires, means, I +believe, "Treasurer of the Household." In Chauncy's _Hertfordshire_, vol. +ii. p. 102., the inscription on Simon Bache is given in the same terms as +by your correspondent. The learned author then gives, at p. 103., the +epitaph on another monument also in Knebworth Church, erected to the memory +of John Hotoft, in which occur these two lines: + + "Hospitii regis qui Thesaurarius olim + Henrici sexti merito pollebat honore." + +At p. 93. of the same volume, Sir Henry Chauncy speaks of the same John +Hotoft as an eminent man, and sheriff of the county, and adds: + + "He was also Treasurer of the King's Household afterwards; he dyed and + was buried in the chancel of this church, where his monument remains at + this day." + +Who Simon Bache was, or how he came to be buried at Knebworth, I cannot +tell. The name of "Bach" occurs in Chauncy several times, as that of mayors +and assistants, at Hertford, between 1672 and 1689. + +J. H. L. + +_Winifreda_ (Vol. iii., p. 108.).--It may perhaps interest LORD BRAYBROOKE +and J. H. M. to know, that I have in my possession the copy of Dodsley's +_Minor Poems_, which belonged to John Gilbert Cooper, and which was bought +at the sale of his grandson, the late Colonel John Gilbert-Cooper-Gardiner. +The song of "Winifreda" is at page 282. of the 4th volume; and a manuscript +note, in the handwriting of the son of the author of _Letters concerning +Taste_, states it to have been written "by John Gilbert Cooper." The +_praise_ bestowed by Cooper on the poem, and which J. H. M. conceives to +militate against his claim to the composition, is obviously intended to +apply to the _original_, and not to Cooper's elegant translation. + +A. + + Newark. + +_Queries on Costume_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.).--Addison's paper in the +_Spectator_, No. 127., seems to be {156} conclusive that hooped petticoats +were not in use so early as the year 1651. The anecdote in connection with +the subject related in Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, has always appeared to me +very questionable, not only on that consideration, but because Charles was +at the time a fine tall young man of more than twenty-one years of age, and +at the only period that he could have been in the neighbourhood referred +to, he was on horseback and attended by at least two persons, who were also +mounted. Neither can the circumstances related be at all reconciled with +the particulars given by Clarendon and subsequent writers, who have +professed to correct the statements of that historian by authority. + +J. D. S. + +_Antiquitas Saeculi Juventus Mundi_ (Vol. ii., p. 218.; Vol. iii., p. +125.).--Permit me again to express my opinion, with due deference to the +eminent authorities cited in your pages, that the comprehensive words of +Lord Bacon, "Antiquitas saeculi juventus mundi," were not borrowed from any +author, ancient or modern. But it would be a compliment which that great +genius would have been the first to ridicule, were we to affirm that no +anterior writer had adopted analogous language in expressing the benefits +of "the philosophy of time." On the contrary, he would have called our +attention to the expressions of the Egyptian priest addressed to Solon, +(see a few pages beyond the one referred to in his _Advancement of +Learning_): + + "Ye Grecians are ever children, ye have no knowledge of antiquity nor + antiquity of knowledge." + +The words of Bacon to me appear to be a condensation of the well-known +dialogue in Plato's _Timaeus_, above quoted, as will, I hope, appear in the +following paraphrase: + + "Apud vos propter inundationes ineunte modo saeculo nihil scientiarum + est augmentationis. Quoad nos _juventus mundi_ ac terrae Aegyptiacae, qua + nulla hominum exitia fuerunt, progrediente tempore, _antiquitas_ fit + _saeculi_, et antiquissimarum rerum apud nos momumenta servantur." + +T. J. + +_Lady Bingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 61.).--Lady Bingham, whose daughter, +afterwards Lady Crewe, was unsuccessfully courted by Sir Symonds D'Ewes +(for which see his autobiography), was Sarah, the daughter of John Heigham, +Esq., of Gifford's Hall in Urekham Brook, Suffolk, of the same family with +Sir Clement Heigham, Knt., of Barrow, Suffolk, Speaker of the House of +Commons. She was married by banns at St. Olave's, Hart Street, Jan. 11, +1588, to Sir Richard Bingham, Knt., of co. Dorset. She married, secondly, +Edward Waldegrave, Esq., of Lawford, Essex, to whom she was second wife, +and by him had Jemima, afterwards Lady Crewe. Edward Waldegrave, married to +his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Bartholomew Averell, of +Southminster, Essex, had by her an only daughter, Anne, who married Drew, +afterwards Sir Drew Drury, Bart., of Riddlesworth, Norfolk. He, Edward +Waldegrave, was descended from a younger branch of the family of +Waldegrave, of Smallbridge, in the parish of Bures, Suffolk, from whence +descends the present Earl Waldegrave. + +Lady Bingham lies buried in the chancel of Lawford church, where a stone in +the floor states her age to have been sixty-nine, and that she was buried +Sept. 9. 1634. There is also another stone in the floor for Edward +Waldegrave, Esq., who married Dame Sarah Bingham, by whom he had one +daughter, Jemima, who was married to John Stearne (a mistake evidently for +Stene, the seat of James Lord Crewe). Edward Waldegrave was buried Feb. 13, +1621, aged about sixty-eight. + +The large monument in Lawford church is for the father of this Edward +Waldegrave, who died in 1584. + +D. A. Y. + +_Proclamation of Langholme Fair_ (Vol. iii., p. 56.).--MONKBARNS wishes the +meaning of the choice expressions in the proclamation. They may be +explained as follows:--_Hustrin_, hustling, or riotously inclined, being so +consonanted to make it alliterate with _custrin_, spelt by Jamieson, +_custroun_, and signifying a pitiful fellow. Chaucer has the word _truston_ +in this sense. + +_Land-louper_, one who runs over the country, a vagabond. + +_Dukes-couper_ I take to be a petty dealer in ducks or poultry, and to be +used in a reproachful sense, as we find "pedlar," "jockey," &c. + +_Gang-y-gate swinger_, a fighting man, who goes swaggering in the road (or +_gate_); a roisterer who takes the wall of every one. _Swing_ is an old +word for a stroke or blow. + +_Durdam_ is an old word meaning an uproar, and akin to the Welsh word +_dowrd_. _Urdam_ may be a corruption of _whoredom_, but is more probably +prefixed to the genuine word as a co-sounding expletive. + +_Brabblement_ seems to be a derivative from the Scotch verb "bra," to make +a loud and disagreeable noise (see Jamieson); and _squabblement_ explains +itself. + +_Lugs_, ears; _tacked_, nailed; _trone_, an old word, properly signifying +the public weighing-machine, and sometimes used for the pillory. + +_A nail o' twal-a-penny_ is, of course, a nail of that size and sort of +which twelve are bought for a penny. + +_Until he down of his hobshanks, and up with his muckle doubs_, evidently +means, until he goes down on his knees and raises his hands. _Hobshanks_ +is, I think, still in common use. Of _doubs_ I can give no explanation. + +W. T. M. + + Edinburgh, Jan. 29th. + +_Burying in Church Walls_ (Vol. iii., p. 37.).--To {157} the examples +mentioned by N. of tombs in church walls, may be added the remarkable ones +at Bottisham, Cambridgeshire. There are several of these in the south +aisle, with arches _internally and externally_: the wall between resting on +the coffin lid. They are, of course, coeval with the church, which is fine +early Decorated. They are considered, I believe, to be memorials of the +priors of Anglesey, a neighbouring religious house. They will, no doubt, be +fully elucidated in the memoir of Bottisham and Anglesey, which is +understood to be in preparation by members of the Cambridge Antiquarian +Society. At Trumpington, in the same county, is a recessed tomb of +Decorated date, in the south wall of the chancel, externally. + +C. R. M. + +_Defender of the Faith_ (Vol. ii., pp. 442. 481.; Vol. iii., pp. 9. +94.).--Should not King Edward the Confessor's claim to _defend the church +as God's Vicar_ be added to the several valuable notices in relation to the +title _Defender of the Faith_, with which some of your learned contributors +have favoured us through your pages? + +According to Hoveden, one of the laws adopted from the Anglo-Saxons by +_William_ was: + + "Rex autem atque vicarius Ejus ad hoc est constitutus, ut regnum + terrenum, populum Dei, et super omnia _sanctam ecclesiam_, revereatur + et ab injuriatoribus _defendat_," &c. + +Which duty of princes was further enforced by the words-- + + "Illos decet vocari reges, qui vigilant, _defendunt_, et regunt + Ecclesiam Dei et populum Ejus, imitantes regem psalmographum," + &c.--Vid. _Rogeri de Hoveden Annal._, par. post., Sec.. Regis Officium; + ap. Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores post Bedam, ed. Francof. 1601, p. 604. + Conf. Prynne's _Chronol. Records_, ed. Lond. 1666, tom i. p. 310. + +This law appears always to have been received as of authority after the +Conquest; and it may, perhaps, be considered as the first seed of that +constitutional church supremacy vested in our sovereigns, which several of +our kings before the Reformation had occasion to vindicate against Papal +claims, and which Henry VIII. strove to carry in the other direction, to an +unconstitutional excess. + +J. SANSOM. + +_Sauenap, Meaning of_ (Vol. ii., p. 479.).--The word probably means a +_napkin_ or _pinafore_; the two often, in old times, the same thing. The +Cornish name for _pinafore_ is _save-all_. (See Halliwell's _Arch. Dict._) +I need not add that _nap_, _napery_, was a common word for linen. + +GEORGE STEPHENS. + + Stockholm. + +_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs_ (Vol. ii., p. 476.).--The memoirs of Charles +I. by Sir Thomas Herbert were published in 1702. I transcribe the title +from a copy in my possession:-- + + "Memoirs of the two last years of the reign of that unparall'd prince, + of ever blessed memory, king Charles I. By sir Tho. Herbert, major + Huntingdon, col. Edw. Coke, and Mr. Hen. Firebrace, _etc_. London, Rob. + Clavell, 1702, 8vo." + +The volume, for a publication of that period, is of uncommon occurrence. It +was printed, as far as above described, "from a _manuscript_ of the Right +Reverend the Bishop of Ely, lately deceased." The remainder of the volume +consists of reprinted articles. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + +_Robert Burton_ (Vol. iii., p. 106.).--The supposition that the author of +the _Anatomy of Melancholy_ was born at Fald, Staffordshire, instead of +Lindley, Leicestershire, seems probable from the fact, that in an edition +of the _History of Leicestershire_, by his brother William, I find that the +latter dates his preface "From Falde, neere Tutbury, Staff., Oct. 30. +1622." In this work, also, under the head "Lindley," is given the pedigree +of his family, commencing with "James de Burton, Squier of the body to King +Richard the First;" down to "Rafe Burton, of Lindley, borne 1547; died 17 +March, 1619;" leaving "Robert Burton, bachelor of divinity and student of +Christ Church, Oxon; author of the _Anatomy of Melancholy_; borne 8 of +Febr. 1578;" and "William Burton, author of this work (_History of +Leicestershire_), borne 24 of Aug. 1575, now dwelling at Falde, ann. 1622." + +T. T. + + Leicester. + +_Drachmarus_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--If your correspondents (Nos. 66 and +67.) who have inquired for a book called _Jartuare_, and for a writer named +"Drachmarus," would add a little to the length of their questions, so as +not by extra-briefness to deaden the dexterity of conjecturers, perhaps +they might be nearer to the reception of replies. Many stranger things have +happened than that _Drachmarus_ should be renovated by the context into +Christian _Druthmar_. + +_Averia_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--I have long desired to know the exact +meaning of _averia_, but I have not met with a good explanation until +lately. It is clear, however, from the following legal expression, "_Nullus +distringatur per averia carucae._" _Caruca_ is the French _charrue_, and +therefore _averia_ must mean either cart-horses or oxen which draw the +plough. + +P. + +_Dragons_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--I think the _Draco_ of the Crusaders' times +must have been the _Boa constrictor_. If you will look into St. Jerome's +_Vitas Patrum_, you will find that he mentions the trail of a "draco" seen +in the sand in the Desert, which appeared as if a _great beam_ had been +dragged along. I think it not likely that a crocodile would have {158} +ventured so far from the banks of the Nile as to be seen in the Desert. + +P. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The members of the Percy Society have just received the third and +concluding volume of _The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer, a new Text, +with Illustrative Notes, edited by Thomas Wright, Esq_. It is urged as an +objection to Tyrwhitt's excellent edition of the _Canterbury Tales_, that +one does not know his authority for any particular reading, inasmuch as he +has given what he considered the best among the different MSS. he +consulted. Mr. Wright has gone on an entirely different principle. +Considering the Harleian MS. (No. 7334.) as both "the oldest and best +manuscript he has yet met with," he has "reproduced it with literal +accuracy," and for the adoption of this course Mr. Wright may plead the +good example of German scholars when editing the _Nibelungen Lied_. That +the members of the Society approve the principle of giving complete +editions of works like the present, has been shown by the anxiety with +which they have looked for the completion of Mr. Wright's labours; and we +doubt not that, if the Council follow up this edition of the _Canterbury +Tales_ with some other of the collected works which they have +announced--such as those of Hoccleve, Taylor the Water Poet, &c.--they will +readily fill up any vacancies which may now exist in their list of members. + +Mr. Parker has just issued another handsome, and handsomely illustrated +volume to gladden the hearts of all ecclesiologists and architectural +antiquaries. We allude to Mr. Freeman's _Essay on the Origin and +Development of Window Tracery in England_, which consists of an improved +and extended form of several papers on the subject of Tracery read before +the Oxford Architectural Society at intervals during the years 1846 and +1848. To those of our readers who know what are Mr. Freeman's abilities for +the task he has undertaken, the present announcement will be a sufficient +inducement to make them turn to the volume itself; while those who have not +yet paid any attention to this interesting chapter in the history of +Architectural progress, will find no better introduction to the study of it +than Mr. Freeman's able volume with its four hundred illustrations. + +Mr. Foss has, we hear, gone to press with two additional volumes of his +_Judges of England_, which will carry his subject down to the end of the +reign of Richard III. + +_The Athenaeum_ of Saturday last announces that the remaining Stowe MSS., +including the unpublished Diaries and Correspondence of George Grenville, +have been bought by Mr. Murray, of Albemarle Street, from the Trustees of +the Duke of Buckingham. The correspondence will form about four volumes, +and will be ready to appear among our next winter's novelties. The +Grenville Diary reveals, it is said, the secret movements of Lord Bute's +administration--the private histories of Wilkes and Lord Chatham--and the +features of the early madness of George III.; while the Correspondence +exhibits Wilkes, we are told, in a new light--and reveals (what the Stowe +Papers were expected to reveal) something of moment about Junius; So that +we may at length look for the solution of this important query. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell, on Monday and +Tuesday next, a collection of Choice Books, mostly in beautiful condition. +Among the more curious lots are, an unpublished work of Archbishop Laud, on +_Church Government_, said to have been presented to Charles I. for the +instruction of Prince Henry; and an unique Series of Illustrations for +Scotland, consisting of several thousand engravings, and many interesting +drawings and autographs. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle +Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue (No. 24.) of Books in European and +Oriental Languages and Dialects, Fine Arts, Antiquities, &c.; Waller and +Son's (188. Fleet Street) Catalogue of Autograph Letters and Manuscripts, +English and Foreign, containing many rare and interesting Documents. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + CONDER'S PROVINCIAL COINS. Publisher's name I cannot recollect. + HISTORICAL REGISTER for 1st February, 1845, price _6d_. No. 5.; also for + 22d February, 1845, price _6d_. No. 8., and subsequent Numbers till + its discontinuation. Published by Wallbridge, 7. Catherine Street, + Strand. + LULLII (RAYMONDI) OPERA, Mogunt, 10 Vols. fol., 1721-42. + LICETI (FORTUNII) DE QUAESITIS PER EPISTOLAS, Bonon. 7 tom. 4to., 1640-50. + SCALICHII SIVE SCALIGERI (PAULI) OPERA, Basil, 1559, 4to. + ---- OCCULTA OCCULTORUM, Vienn. 1556, 4to. + ---- SATIRAE PHILOSOPHICAE, Regiom. 1563, 8vo. + ---- MISCELLANEORUM, Colon. 1570, 4to. + ---- DE VITA EJUS ET SCRIPTIS, 4to., Ulmae, 1803. + RESPONSA JURIS CONSULTORUM DE ORIGINE GENTE ET NOMINE PAULI SCALIGERI, + Colon. 1567, 4to. + SCALIGERONUM ANNALES, Colon. sine anno in 12mo. + SCALIGERI (JOS.) MESOLABIUM, Ludg. Bat. 1594. fol. + GRUBINII (OPORINI) AMPHOTIDES SCIOPPIANAE, Paris, 1611, 8vo. + CARDANI (HIERON) OPUSCULA MEDICA ET PHILOSOPHICA, Basil, 1566, 2 Vols. + 8vo. + ---- CONTRADICENTIUM MEDICORUM, Lugd. 1584, 4to. + ---- THEONOSTON, Rom. 1617, 4to. + ---- DE IMMORTALITATE ANIMORUM, Ludg. 1545, 12mo. + ---- DE MALO MEDENDI USU, Venet. 1536, 12mo. + CAMPANELLAE (THOMAE) PHILOSOPHIA SENSIBUS DEMONSTRATA, Neap., 1591, 4to. + GASSENDI (PETRI) EPISTOLICA EXERCITATIO, IN QUA PRINCIPIA ROB. FLUDDI + MEDICI DETEGUNTUR, Paris, 1630, 8vo. + SCIOPPII (GASP.) ELOGIA SCIOPPIANA, Papiae, 1617, 4to. + ---- DE AUGUSTA DOM^S AUSTRIAE ORIGINE, Const., 1651, 12mo. + ---- OBSERVATIONES LINGUAE LATINAE, Francof., 1609, 8vo. + NAUDAEI (GAB.) GRATIARUM ACTIO IN COLLEGIO PATAV., Venet., 1633, 8vo. + ---- INSTAURATIO TABULARII REATINI, Romae, 1640, 4to. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +J. E., _The price of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _is_ 3d. _per Number. There was +an extra charge for the Index; and No. 65. was a double Number, price_ 6d. +_The taking of the Index was, as Lubin Log says, "quite optional."_ {159} + +PHILO-STEVENS. _We do not know of any Memoir of the late Mr. Price, the +Editor of Warton's_ History of English Poetry. _There is not certainly one +prefixed to any edition of Warton. Mr. Price was a thorough scholar, and +well deserving of such a memorial._ + +E. S. T. _Only waiting for an opportunity of using them._ + +MARTIN FAMILY (of Wivenhoe). CLERICUS, _who sought for information +respecting this Family, may, by application to our publisher, learn the +address of a gentleman who has collected evidence of their pedigree._ + +DE NAVORSCHER. _Mr. Nutt, of 270. Strand, is the London Agent for this +interesting work, of which we have received the January and February +Numbers._ + +_Our_ MONTHLY PART _for_ FEBRUARY, _price_ 1s. 3d., _will be ready on +Wednesday next._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED. _Salisbury Craigs_--_Shaking Hands_--_Robert +Burton_--_Ulm MS._--_Metrical Psalms_--_Booty's Case_--_Language given to +Man_--_Eisel_--_Lammer Beads_--_Tradescant_--_Munchausen_--_Sixes and +Sevens_--_Under the Rose, &c. (from Ache)_--_Waste Book_--_Cracowe +Pike_--_Gloves_--_Descent of Henry IV._--_Lord Howard of +Effingham_--_Lincoln Missal_--_Prayer at the Healing_--_Hats of +Cardinals_--_Aver_--_St. Paul's Clock._ + +NOTE AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + +_Erratum._--No. 67. p. 101. l. 4., for _a_ read _an_. + + * * * * * + + +An unpublished MS. of ARCHBISHOP LAUD on Church Government, and very Choice +Books, Mahogany Glazed Book-case, Two Fine Marble Figures, &c. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on MONDAY, February 24th, +and following Day, a Collection of very Choice Books in beautiful +Condition, Books of Prints, Picture Galleries, a Fine Set of Curtis' +Botanical Magazine; a beautiful Series of Pennant's Works, in russia; Musee +Francaise and Musee Royal, morocco; Annual Register, whole-bound in calf, +and numerous other valuable Books, many in rich bindings. + +Catalogues will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +Highly Interesting Autograph Letters. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on FRIDAY, February 28th, a +highly Interesting Collection of Autograph Letters, particularly Letters of +Modern Poets, CRABBE, BYRON, &c.; some very rare Documents connected with +the Scottish History; an Extraordinary Declaration issued by James III., +the Old Pretender; and many others of equal consequence. + +Catalogues will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +Valuable Library, late the Property of the Rev. GEORGE INNES, Head Master +of the King's School, Warwick, deceased. Six Days' Sale. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on MONDAY, March 3rd, and +Five following Days, the valuable LIBRARY of the late Rev. GEORGE INNES, +consisting of Theology; Greek and Latin Classics; the Works of Standard +Historians, Poets and Dramatists; a Complete Set of the Gentleman's +Magazine to 1842; a few County Histories, all in good condition, many +handsomely bound. + +Catalogues will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +SOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY. Now ready, Vol. IV. price 1l. 16s. cloth boards. + +Vols. I. II. and III., price 1l. 19s. 6d. each, and cases for binding the +Vols. always on hand. + +*** Subscribers who may desire to complete their copies can do so from the +stock of the second edition, at Re-issue price. + +To be had of Mr. SOWERBY, 3. Mead Place, Lambeth; and of all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR FOR 1851, +containing a Diary with the Lessons, Collects, and Directions for Public +Worship, with blank spaces for Memoranda for every Day in the Year, the +Sundays and other Holidays being printed in red. + +The Ecclesiastical Calendar contains a list of all the Bishops, Deans, +Archdeacons, Canons, Prebendaries, and other dignitaries of the United +Church of England and Ireland, arranged under their respective Dioceses. +The Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Colonial Church, the Scottish and +American Episcopal Churches; Statistics of the Roman Catholic and Greek +Churches, the various bodies of Dissenters, Religious Societies in +connexion with the Church, with their Income and Expenditure; Directions to +Candidates for Holy Orders, Curates, and newly-appointed Incumbents; the +Universities, Heads of Houses, Prizes, &c. + +The Miscellaneous Part contains complete Lists of both Houses of +Parliament, the Ministry, Judges, &c., Tables of the Revenue, Taxes, Wages, +&c., with a variety of matter useful to all Clergymen, the whole forming a +COMPLETE AND CONVENIENT CLERGYMAN'S POCKET BOOK. Price, in cloth, 3s., or +with a tuck as a pocket book, roan, 5s., or in morocco, 6s. 6d. + +"It appears to be exceedingly well got up, and to contain all that a +clergyman or churchman can desire."--_Guardian._ + +"Well arranged, and full of useful matter."--_John Bull._ + +"The most complete and useful thing of the kind."--_Christian +Remembrancer._ + +Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Committee for the Repair of the TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER. + + JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A. + J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A. + PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A. + THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A. + SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.H. + JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A. + HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A. + SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A. + WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A. + +The Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering into +irretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect +repair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit to the +contribution; they themselves have opened the list with a subscription from +each of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready to receive any +amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may +be kind enough to remit to them. + +Subscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, and +Shaftsbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon Pres. Soc. Antiq., The Lords +Braybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and gentlemen. + +Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the +Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at the +Charing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46. +Parliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. Holy-Well +Street, Millbank. + +{160} + + * * * * * + + +Now Ready, in 200 pages, Demy 18mo., + +WITH A PICTORIAL VIEW AND GROUND PLAN OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION BUILDING, + +AND VIEW OF THE BIRMINGHAM EXPOSITION. + +_Price, in Fancy Binding, 2s. 6d., or Post Free, 3s._ + +Dedicated to His Royal Highness Price Albert + +GILBERT'S POPULAR NARRATIVE + +OF THE +ORIGIN, HISTORY, PROGRESS, AND PROSPECTS +OF THE + +GREAT INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION, + +1851; + +WITH A GUIDE TO THE FUTURE RULES AND ARRANGEMENTS. +By PETER BERLYN. + + * * * * * + +PUBLISHED BY JAMES GILBERT, 49. PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON. +_Orders Received by all Booksellers, Stationers, and Newsvendors_. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, No. 5., price 2s. 6d., + +DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, Measured and Drawn from existing Examples. +By JAMES K. COLLING, Architect. + + CONTENTS: + Archway from Bishop Burton Church and Corbel from Wawn Church, + Yorkshire. + Font from Bradfield Church, Norfolk. + Nave Arches, St. Mary's Church, Beverley. + Clerestory Windows from ditto. + One compartment of Nave and Label Terminations from ditto. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.--The Volume of Transactions of the LINCOLN +MEETING, to which Subscribers for the year 1848 are entitled, is ready for +delivery, and may be obtained, on application at the Office of the Society, +26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall. Directions regarding transmission of copies +to Country Members should be addressed to GEORGE VULLIAMY, Esq., Secretary. +The Norwich Volume is also completed, and will be forthwith delivered. + +It is requested that all arrears of subscription may be remitted without +delay to the Treasurer, EDWARD HAWKINS, Esq. The Journal, No. 29., +commencing Vol. VIII., will be published at the close of March, and +forwarded, Postage Free, to all Members not in arrear of their +contributions. + +The SALISBURY VOLUME is nearly ready for delivery. Subscribers' names +received by the Publisher, + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE DEVOTIONAL LIBRARY, Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of +Leeds. Just Published. + +THE HISTORY OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST. With suitable Meditations +and Prayers. By WILLIAM READING, M.A. (Reprinted from the Edition of 1737.) +32mo. cloth, price _2s._ + +Also, + +DEVOUT MUSINGS ON THE BOOK OF PSALMS, Part 3. Psalms LXXVI. to CX. Price +1s. cloth; and Vol. I., containing Parts 1. and 2., price 2s. 6d. cloth. + +Leeds: RICHARD SLOCOMBE. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +FOREIGN LITERATURE. + +D. NUTT begs to call the Attention of the Public to his Establishment for +the SALE of FOREIGN BOOKS, both Old and New, in various Languages, and in +every Department of Literature. His Stock is one of the largest of its kind +in London, and is being continually augmented by Weekly Importations from +the Continent. He has recently published the following Catalogues, either +of which may be had Gratis, and forwarded anywhere by Post upon receipt of +Four Stamps:--Classical and Philological Books; Miscellaneous German Books +and Elementary Works; Theological, Philosophical, and Oriental Books. + +270. Strand (opposite Arundel Street), removed from Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, February 22. 1851. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +Contents, "Groatsworth of Witte": 'Groathsworth' in original ('Groatsworth' +twice in article). + +pages 130 & 131, "The Lyars": 'Lyan' in original. + +page 130, "Margaret Nicholson": 'Magaret' in original. + +page 132, "which is similarly subject to Venus": 'smilary' in original. + +page 139, "the first two parts of the Ecclesiastical History": 'patts' in +original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 69, February +22, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 23027.txt or 23027.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/0/2/23027/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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