initial commit of ebook 23029HEADmain

1 files changed, 4691 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/23029-8.txt b/23029-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1e915f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/23029-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4691 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Ohio Arbor Day 1913: Arbor and Bird Day
+Manual, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Ohio Arbor Day 1913: Arbor and Bird Day Manual
+       Issued for the Benefit of the Schools of our State
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Grace R. Clifton
+
+Release Date: October 13, 2007 [EBook #23029]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARBOR DAY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: OHIO
+               ARBOR DAY
+               1913]
+
+
+
+
+DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
+
+STATE OF OHIO
+
+In Accordance with Section 358
+of the General Code of Ohio this
+
+
+Arbor and Bird Day Manual
+
+
+is Issued for the Benefit of the
+
+SCHOOLS OF OUR STATE
+
+
+
+
+Compiled by
+
+MRS. GRACE R. CLIFTON
+
+
+
+Issued by the
+
+STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS
+
+APRIL 1913
+
+Columbus, Ohio:
+The F. J. Heer Printing Co.
+1913
+
+
+
+
+
+STATE OF OHIO
+
+Executive Department
+
+OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR.
+
+
+PROCLAMATION.
+
+By authority of the law of the State of Ohio, Friday, April 4th, 1913,
+is hereby named and set apart as
+
+ARBOR DAY.
+
+The statutes provide that those in charge of public schools and
+institutions of learning are required to devote at least two hours to
+giving information to the pupils and students concerning the value and
+interest of forestry and the duty of the public to protect the birds
+thereof and also for planting forest trees.
+
+It is well that our people have come to a full appreciation of the
+commercial, as well as the sentimental value of these things. This
+appreciation was arrived at through the proper inculcation into the
+minds of the young of the importance of observing the matters of nature
+upon which we are all so dependent.
+
+But let us not confine our observance of Arbor Day alone to the schools
+and institutions of learning. Let us at least carry the spirit of the
+day also into our homes as well. And above all, let us be mindful at
+this time of the great scheme of nature wherein the humblest plant and
+flower, as well as the lordliest of the animal creation, has its proper
+place.
+
+[Illustration: Ohio State Seal]
+
+IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my name and caused the
+Great Seal of the State to be affixed at Columbus, this fifteenth day
+of January, in the year of our Lord, One Thousand, Nine Hundred and
+Thirteen.
+
+By the Governor:
+
+JAMES M. COX.
+
+CHAS. H. GRAVES
+Secretary of State.
+
+
+[Illustration: (signed) James M. Cox]
+
+
+SECTION 358. The state commissioner of common schools shall issue each
+year a manual for arbor day exercises. The manual shall contain matters
+relating to forestry and birds, including a copy of such laws relating
+to the protection of song and insectivorous birds as he deems proper.
+He shall transmit copies of the manual to the superintendents of city,
+village, special and township schools and to the clerks of boards of
+education, who shall cause them to be distributed among the teachers of
+the schools under their charge. On arbor day, and other days when
+convenient, the teachers shall cause such laws to be read to the
+scholars of their respective schools and shall encourage them to aid in
+the protection of such birds.
+
+SECTION 7688. Not later than April the governor of the state shall
+appoint and set apart one day in the spring season of each year, as a
+day on which those in charge of the public schools and institutions of
+learning under state control, or state patronage, for at least two
+hours must give information to the pupils and students concerning the
+value and interest of forests, the duty of the public to protect the
+birds thereof, and also for planting forest trees. Such a day shall be
+known as Arbor Day.
+
+SECTION 1409. No persons shall catch, kill, injure, pursue or have in
+his possession either dead or alive, or purchase, expose for sale,
+transport or ship to a port within or without the state a turtle or
+mourning dove, sparrow, nuthatch, warbler, flicker, vireo, wren,
+American robin, catbird, tanager, bobolink, blue jay, oriole, grosbeck
+or redbird, creeper, redstart, waxwing, woodpecker, humming bird,
+killdeer, swallow, blue bird, blackbird, meadow lark, bunting,
+starling, redwing, purple martin, brown thresher, American goldfinch,
+chewink or ground robin, pewee or phoebe bird, chickadee, fly catcher,
+knat catcher, mouse hawk, whippoorwill, snow bird, titmouse, gull,
+eagle, buzzard, or any wild bird other than a game bird. No part of the
+plumage, skin or body of such bird shall be sold or had in possession
+for sale.
+
+SECTION 1410. No person shall disturb or destroy the eggs, nests or
+young of a bird named in the preceding section; but nothing of the
+preceding section shall prohibit the killing of a chicken hawk, blue
+hawk, cooper hawk, sharp skinned hawk, crow, great horned owl, or
+English sparrow, or the destroying of their nests, or prohibit the
+owner or duly authorized agent of the premises from killing blackbirds
+at any time, except on Sunday, when they are found to be a nuisance or
+are injuring grain or other property.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+This Arbor and Bird Day Annual has been compiled and published for the
+benefit of the teachers of Ohio. It is our purpose to have this book
+used from the time it is received until the close of the school term.
+We find that but few books written about birds and their habits come
+into the hands of the boys and girls; therefore, we have attempted to
+include as much additional information as possible concerning the most
+common birds of Ohio. You will find that the articles about birds are
+but a continuation of bird study found in the 1912 Arbor and Bird Day
+Annual. We are under obligations to "Nature and Life", a publication of
+the Audubon Society, for their articles, for which credit is given
+after each selection. Johnny Appleseed is a character with whom all the
+boys and girls should become acquainted. C. L. Martzolf's article about
+this peculiar man should be read carefully. F. B. Pearson contributed a
+fine description and history of the "Logan Elm". Charles DeGarmo of
+Cornell University generously contributed two poems that have not
+appeared in print before this publication.
+
+G. R. C.
+
+
+[Illustration: "THE OLD BEECH TREE," OHIO UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, ATHENS,
+OHIO.]
+
+
+
+
+    THE CLASS TREE.
+
+    (TUNE: AMERICA.)
+
+
+    Grow thou and flourish well
+    Ever the story tell,
+          Of this glad day;
+    Long may thy branches raise
+    To heaven our grateful praise
+    Waft them on sunlight rays
+          To God away.
+
+    Deep in the earth to-day,
+    Safely thy roots we lay,
+          Tree of our love;
+    Grow thou and flourish long;
+    Ever our grateful song
+    Shall its glad notes prolong
+          To God above.
+
+    "Let music swell the breeze,
+    And ring from all the trees,"
+          On this glad day:
+    Bless Thou each student band
+    O'er all our happy land;
+    Teach them Thy love's command.
+          Great God, we pray.
+
+    --_Emma S. Thomas, Schoharie, N.Y., in Teacher's Magazine._
+
+
+
+
+    THIS IS ARBOR DAY.
+
+    (TUNE: LIGHTLY ROW.)
+
+
+    Arbor Day, Arbor Day,
+    See, the fields are fresh and green,
+    All is bright, cheerful sight,
+          After winter's night.
+    Birds are flying in the air,
+    All we see is fresh and fair;
+    Bowers green now are seen,
+          Flowers peep between.
+
+    Swaying trees, swaying trees,
+    Rocking gently in the breeze,
+    Dressed so gay, fine array,
+          For this is Arbor Day.
+    While we plant our trees so dear,
+    All the others list to hear
+    How we sing, in the spring,
+          And our voices ring.
+
+    Here we stand, here we stand,
+    Round the tree, a royal band;
+    Music floats, cheering notes,
+          Sweetly, gaily floats.
+    March along with heads so high
+    While our tree is standing nigh;
+    Step away, light and gay,
+          On this Arbor Day.
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+[Illustration: This school building is located at Pickerington,
+Fairfield County. Violet township helped to build this building, and
+the town and township have among the best of the centralized schools of
+the state.]
+
+
+
+
+    WHY WE PLANT THE TREE.
+
+
+    FIRST PUPIL.
+
+    We plant the tree for the shade it gives;
+      For the shade of a leafy tree
+    On a hot summer's day when the hot sun shines,
+      Is pleasant for all to see.
+
+    SECOND PUPIL.
+
+    We plant the tree for the dear birds' sakes,
+      For they can take their rest,
+    While the mate sings of love and cheer
+      To the mother on her nest.
+
+    THIRD PUPIL.
+
+    We plant the tree to please the eye,
+      For who does not like to see,
+    Whether on hill or plain or dale,
+      The beauty of a tree?
+
+    FOURTH PUPIL.
+
+    We plant the tree for the wood to use
+      In winter to keep us warm,
+    And for hall and church and store and house,
+      To have shelter from the storm.
+
+    --_Primary Education._
+
+
+
+
+    WHAT THE TREE TEACHES US.
+
+
+    FIRST PUPIL.
+
+    I am taught by the oak
+      To be rugged and strong
+    In defence of the right;
+      In defiance of wrong.
+
+    SECOND PUPIL.
+
+    I have learned from the maple,
+      That beauty, to win
+    The love all hearts,
+      Must have sweetness within.
+
+    THIRD PUPIL.
+
+    The beech with its branches
+      Widespreading and low,
+    Awakes in my heart
+      Hospitality's glow.
+
+    FOURTH PUPIL.
+
+    The pine tells of constancy,
+      In its sweet voice;
+    It whispers of hope,
+      Till sad mortals rejoice.
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+
+
+    ARBOR DAY FETE.
+
+    BY GRACE A. LUSK, MILWAUKEE.
+
+
+(Stage, if possible, represents scene out-of-doors; raised throne to
+right.)
+
+_Enter Chorus._
+
+        Every season hath its pleasures,
+        Which we sing in joyous measures;
+        In Summer's sunshine, rich and sweet,
+        Blossom flowers, ripens wheat;
+        Autumn puts the wood aflame,
+        Poets give her beauties fame;
+        Winter comes--a world of snow
+        And crisp, clear air make faces glow;
+        Spring awakens Nature dear,
+        Song birds chant 'neath skies so clear,
+        Every season hath its pleasures,
+        Which we sing with joyous measures.
+
+_Enter boy and girl_ (with flag and drum).
+
+    _Boy_:
+
+        In Summer comes the joyous Fourth,
+        I beat my drum for all I'm worth;
+
+    _Girl_:
+
+        Our crackers make a joyous noise,
+        For girls like fun as well as boys.
+
+(The holidays, after speaking, step to left and right of throne.)
+
+_Enter girl_ (in Puritan dress).
+
+        After reaping harvest's gold
+        Thanks we render, for manifold
+        The blessings are each passing year,
+        Thanksgiving is a day of cheer.
+
+_Enter girl_ (in coat and furs, arms full of packages and holly).
+
+        On the night before Christmas
+        There came to our house,
+        A right jolly old elf, as still as a mouse;
+        He filled all the stockings,
+        Trimmed each Christmas tree,
+        Made our Christmas merry--a good saint is he!
+
+_Enter very small boy_ (carrying a big book under his arm with
+1913 printed on it).
+
+        The wild bells rang across the snow,
+        The old year went--though loath to go;
+        The New Year came, while bells were ringing;
+        His days of joy and sorrow bringing.
+
+_Enter girl_ (in white trimmed with red hearts).
+
+        Mine is a day of piercing darts,
+        Flowers sweet, and big red hearts,
+        Cupids tender, verses fine,
+        I'm the happy valentine.
+
+_Enter two boys_ (carrying flags).
+
+    _Together_:
+
+        Birthdays of patriots, brave and true,
+        In February drear, make cheer for you.
+
+    _First boy_:
+
+        Lincoln so kind, was everyone's friend;
+
+    _Second boy_:
+
+        Washington did a young nation defend.
+
+    _Chorus_ (to Holidays).
+
+        Once, each year, supreme you reign,
+        O'er the lads and lassies in your train,
+        Now comes our gentle springtime fay,
+        The gladsome, happy Arbor Day.
+
+_Enter Arbor Day_ (in white, crown of flowers, accompanied by two
+small maids with flowers, accompanist softly plays Mendelssohn's Spring
+Song).
+
+    _Chorus continues._
+
+        Each holiday brings joy and gladness--
+        Makes us banish thoughts of sadness,
+        Arbor Day, your reign is brief,--
+        But every blossom, every leaf,
+        Every bird of wood or field
+        Its fullest homage now doth yield.
+        May you be a happy queen,
+        We, happy subjects are, I ween.
+
+    _Arbor Day_ (while Chorus leads her to throne).
+
+        Thank you for your greeting hearty,
+        This will be a merry party.
+
+    _Chorus._
+
+        Our friends, the children, in meadows at play,
+        Are coming to join our glad holiday.
+
+    _School children_ (with baskets and bouquets of flowers pass to
+    right of stage, salute in military fashion, saying):
+
+        Dear Arbor Day, your subjects loyal,
+        Give you greetings, hearty, royal.
+
+    _Queen._
+
+        Thank you, friends, greeting sweeter,
+        Never yet a queen had greet her.
+
+_Enter ten girls_ (in white with flowers in hands and in their
+hair; they quickly and lightly run across stage and form in line; each
+courtesies as she says her lines).
+
+    _First girl_:
+
+        I'm the queen, for I'm the Rose,
+        The proudest, sweetest flower that blows.
+
+    _Second girl_:
+
+        I'm shy Violet, from the wood,
+        You know me by my purple hood.
+
+    _Third girl_:
+
+        I'm the Dandelion yellow,
+        Some call me a saucy fellow.
+
+    _Fourth girl_:
+
+        I'm Anemone, shy and tender,
+        On my stalk so tall and slender.
+
+    _Fifth girl_:
+
+        I'm Morning Glory that climbs the wall,
+        My trumpet flowers softly call.
+
+    _Sixth girl_:
+
+        I'm Buttercup with a chalice to hold
+        The rich warm sunshine's yellow gold.
+
+    _Seventh girl_:
+
+        I'm Apple-blossom, my pink dresses
+        The bee admires, so he confesses.
+
+    _Eighth girl_:
+
+        I'm Waterlily, my golden heart
+        Keeps the sunbeam's glancing dart.
+
+    _Ninth girl_:
+
+        I'm shy Crocus, the first to show
+        My pretty head from beneath the snow.
+
+    _Tenth girl_:
+
+        I'm sleepy Poppy, from my home in the wheat,
+        I've come with the others our new queen to greet.
+
+    _All in unison_:
+
+        Dear Arbor Day, your subjects loyal,
+        Give you greeting, hearty royal.
+
+    _Arbor Day._
+
+        Thank you, blossoms, sweet and tender,
+        I your kindness shall remember.
+
+    _Rose_ (turning to flowers and holidays).
+
+        Nature laughs in gleeful joy,
+        In songbirds trill, in flowerlets coy,
+        Shall we, also, voices raise,
+        Sing our gentle spring queen's praise?
+
+(School children, Holidays and Flowers sing while Flowers join hands
+and dance about in circle.)
+
+(Tune: Campbells are coming.)
+
+        Springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Brooklets run clear, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Birds are winging, flowers springing,
+        For springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+(Alternate girls step inside circle, face outward, other circle about.)
+
+        The gentle May breeze, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Plays o'er the green leas, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Dandelions twinkle, violets sprinkle,
+        The sward 'neath the trees, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+(Each girl in inner circle gives her right hand to left hand of girl in
+outer circle, thus in "wheel form" they circle singing.)
+
+        The garden flowers gay, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Are here to stay, tra-la, tra-la,
+        The rich red roses, and all pretty posies,
+        Say springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+(Dropping hands in single file they pass to back of stage singing.)
+
+        Springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Brooklets run clear, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Birds are winging, flowers springing,
+        For springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+    _Arbor Day._
+
+        Thank you, friends, greeting sweeter,
+        Never yet a queen had greet her.
+        But who comes now in trim array
+        So straight and proud,--tell me, pray?
+
+_Trees enter_ (carrying budded boughs of trees; they march and
+countermarch in simple march figures, while piano plays "Campbells are
+coming," or "Narcissus." They form in line, each saluting queen as he
+speaks his line.)
+
+    _First boy:_
+
+        The Maple gives us grateful shade;
+
+    _Second boy:_
+
+        The Laurel's honors never fade;
+
+    _Third boy:_
+
+        The Chestnut's flowers are fine to see;
+
+    _Fourth boy:_
+
+        But the Apple's are better, thinks the bee;
+
+    _Fifth boy:_
+
+        The Fir tree softly seems to sigh;
+
+    _Sixth boy:_
+
+        The Spruce lifts up its head so high;
+
+    _Seventh boy:_
+
+        The Elm tree's beauty you'll remark;
+
+    _Eighth boy:_
+
+        The Birch is proud of its silver bark;
+
+    _Ninth boy:_
+
+        The Cedar tree is stately and tall,
+
+    _Tenth boy:_
+
+        But the hale old Oak is king of all.
+
+    _Trees in unison:_
+
+        Arbor Day, your subjects loyal,
+        Give you greetings; hearty, royal.
+
+    (March to music to back of stage behind Flowers.)
+
+    _Arbor Day._
+
+        Thank you, trees, from lowland and hill,
+        I appreciate your hearty good will,
+        Are others still coming to our fete?
+        We welcome them, though they be late.
+
+_Enter ten small girls_ (run in on tiptoe lightly, waving arms while
+the others sing.)
+
+        The birds are flying, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Their strong wings a-trying, tra-la, tra-la,
+        From east and west, they come with the rest,
+        For Springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+    _First girl_ (courtesies):
+
+        The Robin has a pretty vest,
+
+    _Second girl:_
+
+        The Bluebird sweetly sings his best;
+
+    _Third girl:_
+
+        The Bob-o-Link trills in its meadow home,
+
+    _Fourth girl:_
+
+        The Bluejay calls in a shrill loud tone,
+
+    _Fifth girl:_
+
+        The Blackbird sings in the tall marsh rushes,
+
+    _Sixth girl:_
+
+        But sweeter, softer, call the Thrushes,
+
+    _Seventh girl:_
+
+        The Oriole whistles from its swinging nest,
+
+    _Eighth girl:_
+
+        But the Song Sparrow sings the sweetest and best.
+
+    _Ninth girl:_
+
+        The Meadow Lark chants his mad, merry glee,
+
+    _Tenth girl:_
+
+        Woodpecker just taps, so busy is he.
+
+    _In Unison:_
+
+        Dear Arbor Day, your subjects loyal,
+        Give you greeting, hearty, royal.
+
+    _Arbor Day:_
+
+        A queen whose welcomed by the birds,
+        Feels joy too deep for idle words.
+        Dear friends, my subjects, it is May;
+        Let us sing Spring's roundelay.
+
+(Here may be introduced groups of the charming flower songs by Mrs.
+Gaynor, bird songs by Nevin, simple folk dances, and appropriate Spring
+poems, etc., as part of the May Day fete.)
+
+    _Arbor Day._
+
+        This day has been so full of pleasure,
+        I cannot yet my sadness measure.
+        And scatter our joyousness far and wide.
+
+(Exit, first the Birds, then the Trees, the flowers, the School
+children, the Holidays, then Arbor Day and Chorus, singing.)
+
+        The birds are trilling, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Their glad songs are filling, tra-la, tra-la,
+        The wood and dale, the meadow and vale,
+        The Springtime is come, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+        The gentle May breeze, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Plays o'er the green leas, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Dandelions twinkle, violets sprinkle,
+        The sward 'neath the trees, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+        The garden flowers gay, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Are here to stay, tra-la, tra-la,
+        The rich red rosies and all the posies,
+        Say Springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+        Springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Brooklets run clear, tra-la, tra-la,
+        Birds are winging, flowers springing,
+        For Springtime is here, tra-la, tra-la.
+
+(Simple costumes make this more effective. All the girls wear white
+gowns--Chorus has a simple Greek dress. Arbor Day a crown of flowers
+and scepter, her maids baskets of flowers; the flower girls wear
+chaplets of blossoms, artificial ones are best; The Holidays can wear
+appropriate dress; the School-Children enter as if from play with their
+baskets, dolls, flowers, fishing rods, etc.)
+
+
+
+
+    A BROKEN WING.
+
+
+    In front of my pew sits a maiden--
+        A little brown wing in her hat,
+    With its touches of tropical azure,
+        And the sheen of the sun upon that.
+
+    Through the colored pane shines a glory,
+        By which the vast shadows are stirred,
+    But I pine for the spirit and splendor,
+        That painted the wing of that bird.
+
+    The organ rolls down its great anthem,
+        With the soul of a song it is blent;
+    But for me, I am sick for the singing,
+        Of one little song that is spent.
+
+    The voice of the preacher is gentle;
+        "No sparrow shall fall to the ground;"
+    But the poor broken wing on the bonnet,
+        Is mocking the merciful sound.
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+
+
+HUNTING THE WILD.
+
+
+One Christmas, over forty years ago, my grandfather sent to me from
+Colorado a real Indian bow and arrows. It was a beautiful bow with a
+sinew string and wrapped in the middle and at the ends with sinews. The
+arrow-heads were iron spikes, bound in place with wrapping of fine
+sinews. The eagle feathers' tips were also bound with sinews.
+
+It was a beautiful, snow-clad Christmas morning, and I remember how I
+yearned to go with this bow and arrows into the cedar grove to shoot
+the birds feeding there. This yearning must have expressed itself in
+some way, for I distinctly remember how a man with my bow and arrows
+led the way, and I in restrained delight followed him to the cedar
+grove. I remember how he maneuvered among the trees, and with keen eyes
+watched for an opportunity to make a shot.
+
+He stopped, whispered to me, pointed to a bird in the trunk of a cedar.
+Raising the bow, it bent taut under his firm, cautious pull. "Whiz,"
+went the arrow, and there, pinned to the tree with the iron spike,
+fluttered a hairy woodpecker. To my wondering child-mind it was a great
+feat--my inherent instinct for hunting the wild approved and applauded.
+
+That very phase of human nature is what we are now trying to eliminate
+from the present and coming generation.
+
+--Eugene Swope.
+
+
+[Illustration: "HUNGRY HOLLOW."]
+
+
+
+
+WREN NOTES.
+
+FROM NATURE AND CULTURE.
+
+
+We have grown to expect at least one wren's nest on our porch or
+elsewhere in our yard each year; so, as usual, we put our boxes this
+Spring with notices, figuratively: "For wrens only--no sparrows need
+apply."
+
+Knowing Jenny's fastidious taste, we furnish several boxes, thus giving
+her a choice. There is but little we would not do to induce her to live
+in our neighborhood, and it would be a great disappointment to us if
+she would not accept one of our houses, rent free.
+
+This year, 1912, she carried twigs to three different boxes before she
+settled down to business. When this occurred, to our amusement, she
+went to the other two boxes for twigs, bringing them to the chosen
+site, instead of getting them from the ground, which for obvious
+reasons would have been much easier. Mr. Wren is not so hard to suit.
+Anything is good enough, in his estimation, much to the disgust of his
+spouse.
+
+[Illustration: WE ARE SEVEN.]
+
+One day he made bold to select a box and carried in a few twigs to lay
+the "cornerstone" of a structure. Soon Mrs. Wren came upon the scene
+and in unmistakable language told him what she thought of him. Still
+scolding, this Xantippe of birds threw out the material he had brought,
+and, meekly submitting, he accepted her choice of a new location.
+
+We always have to reckon with the sparrows--"avian rats," as some one
+has aptly called them. We do our best in helping Jenny drive them away
+by emptying out the stuff they bring in, by shooting them away, and
+even by use of the air gun. When absent one day for several hours we
+found, upon our return, the following things in the box: a rusty nail,
+an old safety pin, a hairpin, an elastic fixture, besides the usual
+bits of grass, weeds, sticks, roots, etc.
+
+After emptying this out, it gave Mrs. Wren her inning once more, and
+she improved the opportunity; for she built an unusually fine nest,
+which is not altogether apparent in this illustration. The box
+containing the nest was placed upon a ledge of the porch and so could
+be easily taken down for inspection.
+
+The material first used in the nest was twigs found under a nearby plum
+tree. Then it was lined with grass, horse hair, a blue jay's feather,
+some hen's feathers, and some cottony material like lint. Jenny finally
+completed her boudoir by festooning a snake skin about it. When the
+nestlings began to walk about over the nest, this skin broke up into
+bits; so does not show in the picture.
+
+This nest was begun May 4, and the first egg was laid May 12. One more
+egg was added each day until eight were counted. They began to hatch
+the 30th, thus celebrating Memorial Day. Seven eggs hatched and the
+little ones kept the old birds more than busy, early and late, feeding
+them.
+
+First the tiniest little spiders and bugs were brought. Then came
+larger ones, and finally beetles, crickets, large spiders, etc., were
+dropped into the yawning mouths. So fast they grew, one could almost
+see the progress from day to day. They posed for this picture June 17,
+leaving the nest the 18th, and on the 19th the parent birds began their
+second nest in another box on the same porch.
+
+The first egg was laid the 23rd, thus taking but four days in the
+construction of this nest, while the first required eight. As a matter
+of fact it was not so carefully made. This time only five eggs were
+laid, and at the present moment Mr. Wren is singing encouragement and
+appreciation to his brooding mate; and, although the thermometer
+registers 98° in the shade, his notes joyously ripple out loud and
+clear, not only to Jenny's delight, but to ours as well.
+
+
+
+
+    A COMPARISON.
+
+    I'd ruther lay out here among the trees,
+    With the singing birds and the bumble bees,
+    A-knowing that I can do as I please,
+    Than to live what folks call a life of ease--
+        Up thar in the city.
+
+    For I don't 'xactly understan'
+    Where the comfort is for any man,
+    In walking hot bricks and using a fan,
+    And enjoying himself as he says he can--
+        Up thar in the city.
+
+    It's kinder lonesome, mebbe, you'll say,
+    A-livin' out here day after day,
+    In this kinder easy careless way,
+    But an hour out here's better'n a day--
+        Up thar in the city.
+
+    As for that, just look at the flowers aroun',
+    A-peepin' their heads up all over the groun,'
+    And the fruit a-bendin' the trees 'way down;
+    You don't find sech things as these in town--
+        Or, ruther, in the city.
+
+    As I said afore, sech things as these--
+    The flowers, the birds, and the bumble bees,
+    And a-livin' out here among the trees,
+    Where you can take your ease and do 's you please--
+        Make it better'n in the city.
+
+    Now, all the talk don't 'mount to snuff
+    'Bout this kinder life a-being rough,
+    And I'm sure it's plenty good enough,
+    And 'tween you and me, 'taint as tough--
+        As livin' in the city.
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+          *      *      *      *      *
+
+    "The woods were made for hunters of dreams,
+        The streams for fishers of song;
+    To those who hunt thus, go gunless for game,
+        The woods and the streams belong."
+
+
+[Illustration: A SOLITARY GIANT THAT WILL SOON DISAPPEAR.]
+
+
+
+
+    DAME NATURE'S RECIPE (APRIL).
+
+
+    Take a dozen little clouds
+        And a patch of blue;
+    Take a million raindrops,
+        As many sunbeams, too.
+
+    Take a host of violets,
+        A wandering little breeze,
+    And myriads of little leaves
+        Dancing on the trees.
+
+    Then mix them well together,
+        In the very quickest way,
+    Showers and sunshine, birds and flowers,
+        And you'll have an April day.
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+
+
+THE GROUSE.
+
+HATTIE WASHBURN, GOODWIN, S.D.
+
+
+"The grouse is a very fine bird." The sentence leaped out of the
+conversation and caught my wandering attention. With a quick smile I
+looked toward our rather corpulent guest across the table. I love
+birds, and a word in their praise ever fills me with pleasure, not
+alone because one delights in the praise of whatever he cherishes, but
+because the expression of such a sentiment indicates that the speaker
+is one who will befriend the birds or at least leave them unmolested.
+
+"Take them when they are properly prepared," our guest continued, and I
+lowered my eyes to my plate in disgust. He appreciated their value only
+as a palatable dish to feed his fat body or possibly as a target for
+his gun.
+
+Such is the general attitude, it would seem, toward the grouse family,
+from the ruffled grouse of the wooded portions of the Eastern States to
+the prairie chicken of our vast plains, the dusky grouse of the
+mountain regions of the West and all their related species.
+
+The drumming of the ruffled grouse so harmoniously breaking the
+stillness of the woodland is dear to the nature-lover; no sound is more
+characteristic of the prairies than the prairie chicken's melodious
+booking that echoes afar like the low notes of a vast organ; the dusky
+grouse's booming call, that may seem to come from a distance even when
+the bird is near by, has its place in the great symphony of nature, yet
+these musical sounds are being steadily and relentlessly silenced by
+the gun of the sportsman. By this silencing that costs the lives of
+countless hundreds of innocent and harmless birds, the agriculturist is
+being robbed of one of his most powerful allies in the endless battle
+against insects.
+
+Nature has given the grouse tribe large, palatable bodies and
+characteristics which render them easy marks for the hunter, with only
+zest enough to the quest to make these birds what sportsmen call "good
+game." She has also endowed the grouse with food habits which should
+cause them to live and multiply under the protection of man. The former
+characteristics, however, seem most strongly to attract mankind in
+general, and the grouse is known as game rather than the insect-eating
+bird that it is.
+
+Laws have been made for the protection of the pinnated grouse, or
+prairie chicken, and others of their tribe. These laws have been
+enforced and have aided materially in the great work of
+bird-protection. They have also, it is regrettable to state, been
+violated and ignored. Too often the land owner is too lenient; being
+blinded to his own interests or being keenly alive to the need of
+protecting the grouse within his realm, is powerless to act because of
+lack of evidence.
+
+The prairie hen nests upon the ground, choosing her own nesting site,
+performing the duties of incubation, and rearing her young unaided by
+the cock. There are few wooers in bird-life so ardent as the pinnated
+grouse, yet he that joins in the mating ceremony of booming morning
+after morning on some chosen booming-ground or fiercely contests with
+other males for the favor of the chosen one deserts her soon after the
+winning.
+
+Thus the eggs and young, having only one protector, are unduly exposed.
+Since they are always on the ground until the young are able to fly
+their loss is great. It is estimated that half of the prairie hens'
+eggs are destroyed by fire, water and other causes. Wet seasons are
+very injurious to the prairie chicks, and at all times they are in
+danger from skunks and other prowlers, save through the cunning and
+courageous protection of their devoted mother.
+
+These unavoidable dangers should appeal to the farmer to render the
+prairie chicken his kindness and protection whenever he can. He has
+few, if any, greater allies, for during the rearing of the young and
+throughout the summer the food of the prairie chicken consists
+principally of insects, chiefly of the destructive grasshopper. During
+the winter they feed upon weed-seed and scattered grain. Of course, at
+times the prairie chickens make slight inroads upon the crops, but
+these are many times repaid by the noxious weed-seeds they destroy.
+
+The wild rose is one of the most beautiful flowers on the prairie. It
+is also one of the most troublesome weeds, in the destruction of which
+the prairie chicken has no superior, for one of their principal foods
+in winter is the wild rose fruit.
+
+The beneficial characteristics of the prairie chicken, varied by
+environment and ensuing tendencies of the birds, hold true of the
+entire grouse family. Wherever found, the grouse are considered good
+game birds. Were their good works in the destruction of weeds and
+insects as well known as is their desirability for the table or for
+targets for the sportsmen, they would be regarded as one of the most
+valuable among the agriculturist's feathered friends.
+
+--_Reprint from Nature and Culture._
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    BUNNY.
+
+
+    There was once a little bunny,
+        In a little wooden hutch;
+    He'd a happy little master,
+        And he loved him very much.
+
+    But that bunny wasn't happy,
+        Tho' he'd such a pleasant home,
+    For he thought 'twould be much nicer
+        In the world outside to roam.
+
+    So he asked the pretty ponies,
+        And both answered with a neigh,
+    "Don't be silly; we should miss you,
+        If you were to run away."
+
+    So that foolish little bunny
+        Whispered, "Thank you, very much,"
+    And went back again, contented,
+        To his little wooden hutch.
+
+
+[Illustration: A SUMMER SCENE IN MERCER COUNTY.]
+
+[Illustration: A BRANCH OF THE MAUMEE.]
+
+
+
+
+OHIO'S PIONEER TREE-PLANTER.
+
+BY CLEMENT L. MARTZOLFF, OHIO UNIVERSITY, ATHENS, OHIO.
+
+
+In the year 1806, a man living in Jefferson County, happened to look
+out upon the Ohio River one day when he saw floating down with the tide
+a strange looking craft. It consisted of two ordinary canoes lashed
+together. The crew was one very oddly-dressed man and the cargo
+comprised racks of appleseeds. This singular man was John Chapman,
+better known as "Johnny Appleseed," from his penchant for gathering
+apple-seeds at the cider-presses in western Pennsylvania, bringing them
+to Ohio, planting them at suitable places, so when the pioneer came he
+would find an abundance of young apple trees ready for planting.
+
+This was the mission of "Johnny Appleseed" who conscientiously believed
+it had been heaven sent. He was deeply religious and his faith taught
+him he could live as complete a life in thus serving his fellow-men, as
+in perhaps some higher (?) sphere of usefulness. Certainly the result
+of his labors proved a great blessing to the Ohio pioneer.
+
+Very little is known of Johnny Appleseed before he came to Ohio. He was
+born in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the opening of the Revolutionary
+War, 1775. As a boy he loved to roam the woods, searching for plants
+and flowers. He was a lover of nature in all its forms. He studied the
+birds as well as the flowers. He loved the song of the brook as he did
+that of the birds. At night he would lie upon his back and gaze into
+the sky and whether he studied flowers or stars, brooks or birds, he
+saw God's hand-writing in them all. It is thought he came westward with
+his half-brother about the year 1801, and located somewhere about
+Pittsburgh. His father, Nathaniel Chapman, shortly afterward became one
+of the residents of Marietta and later moved to Duck Creek, in
+Washington county, where he died. "Johnny" never spoke much about his
+previous life. It was said by some that he had been once disappointed
+in love and this accounted for his never marrying and for living the
+life he did. This is not probable. Such stories are told about every
+old bachelor and since they are so common, they lose their value.
+
+What educational advantages our tree-planter enjoyed, we do not know,
+either. But it is certain he possessed a fair knowledge of the
+rudiments of learning. He was a great reader for one of his time and
+his mode of life, and moreover, he was a clear thinker.
+
+There are some who would call "Johnny Appleseed" "queer;" others,
+"freakish;" again, "eccentric," etc. This peculiar, odd personage may
+be described by all these terms. But the ruling passion of his life was
+to plant apple-seeds, because he loved to see trees grow and because he
+loved his fellow-men. The world has often been made better because
+there was a man who possessed but one idea, and he worked it for all it
+was worth.
+
+"Johnny's" methods were to keep up with the van of pioneerdom and move
+along with it to the westward. So we find him in the early years of the
+century in western Pennsylvania, then in Ohio, and after forty-five
+years of service to mankind, he dies and is buried near Ft. Wayne in
+Indiana.
+
+His nurseries were usually located in the moist land along some stream.
+Here he would plant the seeds, surround the patch with a brush fence
+and wander off to plant another one elsewhere. Returning at intervals
+to prune and care for them, he would soon have thrifty trees growing
+all over the country.
+
+He did not plant these trees for money, but the pioneer got them
+oftentimes for old clothes, although his usual price for each tree was
+"a fip-penny-bit."
+
+The first nursery Johnny planted in Ohio was on George's Run in
+Jefferson county. Others he planted along the river front, when he
+moved into the interior of the state. For years he lived in a little
+rude hut in Richland county near the present town of Perrysville, from
+where he operated his nurseries in the counties of Richland, Ashland,
+Wayne, Knox, and Tuscarawas.
+
+On his journeys across the country he usually camped in the woods,
+although the pioneer latch-string was always hanging out for
+"Apple-seed John." He carried his cooking utensils with him. His
+mush-pan serving him for a hat. When he would accept the hospitality of
+a friend, he preferred making his bed on the floor. He wore few clothes
+and went bare-footed the most of his time, even when the weather was
+quite cold. For a coat a coffee sack with holes cut for neck and arms
+was ample.
+
+There were plenty of Indians in those days and they were troublesome,
+too, since several massacres occurred in that region. But they never
+did any harm to our hero. No doubt they thought he was quite a
+"Medicine Man." Once, during the War of 1812, when the red-men were at
+their depredations and all the people were flocking to the Mansfield
+block-house for protection, it was necessary to get a message to Mt.
+Vernon, asking for the assistance of the militia. It was thirty miles
+away and the trip had to be made in the night. Johnny volunteered his
+services. Bare-footed and bare-headed he made his way along the forest
+trails, where wild animals and probably wild Indians were lurking. The
+next morning he had returned and with him was the needed help.
+
+He loved everything that lived. He harmed no animal, and if he found
+any that were wounded or mis-treated, he would care for them as best he
+could. Once when a snake had bitten him, he instinctively killed it. He
+never quite forgave himself for this "ungodly passion."
+
+He, as has already been stated, was deeply religious. He was a disciple
+of Emanuel Swedenborg, and he always carried some religious books about
+with him, in the bosom of his shirt. These books he would give away.
+Often he would divide a book into several pieces, so it would go
+farther. When he visited the pioneers, he would always hold worship and
+discuss religious subjects with them.
+
+But Johnny was getting old. The first trees he planted had for years
+been bearing fruit. Still he kept planting and caring for new
+nurseries. Once in Ft. Wayne he heard that some cattle had broken into
+one of them and were destroying his trees. The distance was twenty
+miles. He started at once to protect his property. It was in the early
+spring of 1845. The weather was raw and the trip was too much for him.
+He sought shelter at a pioneer home, partook of a bowl of bread and
+milk for his supper, and before retiring for the night as usual held
+worship.
+
+The family never forgot that evening. How the simple-minded old man
+read from the Book, "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see
+God." Then he prayed and as he spoke with God, he grew eloquent. His
+words made a deep impression on all who heard him.
+
+In the morning he was found to have a high fever. Pneumonia had
+developed during the night. A physician was called, but the age of the
+man and the exposure to which he had subjected himself for so many
+years were against him. With the sunshine of joy and satisfaction upon
+his countenance as though his dying eyes were already looking into the
+new Jerusalem, "God's finger touched him and he slept."
+
+                 *      *      *      *      *      *
+
+    So he kept traveling, far and wide,
+        'Till his old limbs failed him and he died.
+        He said, at last: "'Tis a comfort to feel
+        I've done some good in the world, though not a great deal."
+
+    Weary travelers journeying West,
+    In the shade of his trees find pleasant rest,
+    And often they start with glad surprise
+    At the rosy fruit that around them lies.
+
+    And if they inquire whence came such trees
+    Where not a bough once swayed in the breeze?
+    The reply still comes as they travel on,
+    "These trees were planted by Appleseed John."
+
+    (_From "Appleseed John" by Maria Child._)
+
+                 *      *      *      *      *      *
+
+    Grandpa stopped, and from the grass at our feet,
+    Picked up an apple, large, juicy, and sweet;
+    Then took out his jack-knife, and, cutting a slice,
+    Said, as we ate it, "Isn't it nice
+    To have such apples to eat and enjoy?
+    Well, there weren't very many when I was a boy,
+    For the country was new--e'en food was scant;
+    We had hardly enough to keep us from want,
+    And this good man, as he rode around,
+    Oft eating and sleeping upon the ground,
+    Always carried and planted appleseeds--
+    Not for himself, but for others' needs.
+    The appleseeds grew, and we, to-day,
+    Eat of the fruit planted by the way.
+    While Johnny--bless him--is under the sod--
+    His body is--ah! he is with God;
+    For, child, though it seemed a trifling deed,
+    For a man just to plant an appleseed,
+    The apple-tree's shade, the flowers, the fruit,
+    Have proved a blessing to man and to brute.
+    Look at the orchards throughout the land,
+    All of them planted by old Johnny's hand.
+    He will forever remembered be;
+    I would wish to have all so think of me."
+
+                 *      *      *      *      *      *
+
+_Bibliography of John Chapman._
+
+_Howe's History of Ohio, Vol. II, p. 484._
+
+_Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Publications, Vol. VI, p.
+290. Vol. IX, p. 301._
+
+_"Philip Seymour" or "Pioneer Life in Richland County" by Rev. James F.
+McGraw._
+
+_"The Quest of John Chapman" by Newell Dwight Hillis._
+
+
+[Illustration: JACKSON TOWNSHIP, PICKAWAY COUNTY, CENTRALIZED SCHOOL
+BUILDING.]
+
+
+
+
+WHY STUDY BIRDS?
+
+
+A Cincinnati teacher in one of the big intermediate schools recently
+discussed with her class the question of studying birds. She reminded
+them that they are city children living in a densely populated
+district, and that they could hardly expect to see the live birds
+unless they went into the country, but agreed to forming a bird-study
+class if the children could give good reasons for doing so.
+
+One child called attention to the fact that they read and studied about
+many things all over the world that they never hoped to see, why not
+about birds also? One boy thought it just as necessary for city
+children to know what was to be seen in the country, as for country
+children to know what could be seen in the city. There were other
+reasons offered equally as good, but behind it all was a real live
+desire, a natural desire, that need give no reasons for its existence,
+to learn something about the wild birds. The teacher saw this, and
+being one who realizes that schools are maintained for the benefit of
+children rather than that children are born and reared to serve a
+school system, consented to the organization of a Junior Audubon Class.
+
+Bird study in some measure should be given to every class in every
+school, city and country. Not just because it is new, not just because
+it is a branch of the now popular nature-study, not just because the
+children are eager for it, all of which are good reasons, but because
+of the great need of a national change of attitude toward the wild
+birds if we are to succeed in preserving this absolutely essential part
+of our natural resources.
+
+--_Eugene Swope._
+
+
+
+
+TROOP OF WINTER BIRDS LED BY CAPTAIN NUT-HATCH.
+
+H. W. WEISGERBER.
+
+_From Nature and Culture._
+
+
+How many of the boys that roam the winter woods appreciate the services
+of the white-breasted nut-hatch? He is the captain of the small troop
+of winter resident birds, and where his "yank", "yank", is heard there
+are the other birds also. Sometimes he is far in advance of the troop,
+but the small company of followers press on and go where he leads.
+
+In the winter birds are not as common as during the summer, and the
+bird student sometimes tramps a long ways before he sees one of any
+kind. Then, all of a sudden he hears the call-note of the nut-hatch,
+and if he is wise, he will follow it up until he comes upon the
+company, which will not be far away from where the nut-hatch is heard.
+
+Sometimes only three species are found, but generally four different
+kinds of birds make up the small company that road the woods together.
+These four are the white-breasted nuthatch, tufted titmouse, downy
+woodpecker, and the merry little chickadee. What a happy, contented
+quartet they are!
+
+One cold and cloudy November morning I thought I had caught a pair of
+nuthatches that had betrayed their trust. I had followed an old rail
+fence that bordered a weedy cornfield next to an open woods, and the
+only birds seen were a few juncos and tree sparrows. After walking
+about thirty rods, a pair of nuthatches were found; the next ten
+minutes were spent listening and looking for the other birds that
+should have been about. None were seen or heard. I was about to make a
+note of the fact; but, it being a cold, windy morning, I deferred this
+part, and moved on in order to get warm. I paralleled my first walk by
+keeping in the woods along the fence, waiting for the troop to come. I
+had not gone many rods until a note was heard, then a titmouse came in
+sight, and in a few minutes I was surrounded by titmice, downy
+woodpeckers, chickadees, and a number of golden-crowned kinglets.
+Altogether there were twenty-five or more of the little fellows, and
+they moved so fast that I did not get to see them all, so I followed
+them to the place where I first saw the nuthatches. Here was where
+white-breasted was christened "Captain Nuthatch."
+
+
+
+
+    FARMER JOHN.
+
+
+    Home from his journey Farmer John
+    Arrived this morning safe and sound;
+    His black coat off and his old clothes on,
+    "Now I'm myself," said Farmer John,
+          And he thinks, "I'll look around."
+    Up leaps the dog: "Get down, you pup!
+    Are you so glad you would eat me up?"
+    And the old cow lows at the gate to greet him,
+    The horses prick up their ears to meet him.
+          "Well, well, old Bay,
+          Ha, ha, old Gray,
+    Do you get good food when I'm away?"
+
+    "You haven't a rib," says Farmer John;
+    "The cattle are looking round and sleek;
+    The colt is going to be a roan,
+    And a beauty, too; how he has grown!
+          We'll ween the calf in a week."
+    Says Farmer John, "When I've been off--
+    To call you again about the trough,
+    And watch you and pat you while you drink,
+    Is a greater comfort than you can think;"
+          And he pats old Bay,
+          And he slaps old Gray,
+    "Ah, this is the comfort of going away!"
+
+    "For, after all," says Farmer John,
+    "The best of a journey is getting home;
+    I've seen great sights but I would not give
+    This spot and the peaceful life I live
+          For all their Paris and Rome;
+    These hills for the city's stifled air
+    And big hotels and bustle and glare;
+    Lands all houses, and roads all stone
+    That deafen your ears and batter your bones!
+          Would you, old Bay?
+          Would you, old Gray?
+    That's what one gets by going away."
+
+    "There Money is king," says Farmer John,
+    "And Fashion is queen, and it's very queer
+    To see how sometimes when the man
+    Is raking and scraping all he can,
+          The wife spends, every year,
+    Enough you would think for a score of wifes
+    To keep them in luxury all their lives!
+    The town is a perfect Babylon
+    To a quiet chat," said Farmer John.
+          "You see, old Bay,
+          You see, old Gray,
+    I'm wiser than when I went away.
+
+    "I've found this out," said Farmer John,
+    "That happiness is not bought and sold,
+    And clutched in a life of waste and hurry,
+    In nights of pleasure and days of worry,
+          And wealth isn't all in gold,
+    Mortgages, stocks and ten per cent,
+    But in simple ways and sweet content,
+    Few wants, pure hopes and noble ends,
+    Some land to till and a few good friends,
+          Like you, old Bay,
+          And you, old Gray,
+    That's what I've learned by going away."
+
+    And a happy man is Farmer John--
+    Oh, a rich and happy man is he!
+    He sees the peas and pumpkins growing,
+    The corn in tassel, the buckwheat blowing,
+          And fruit on vine and tree;
+    The large, kind oxen look their thanks
+    As he rubs their foreheads and pats their flanks;
+    The doves light round him and strut and coo;
+    Says Farmer John, "I'll take you, too;
+          And you, old Bay,
+          And you, old Gray,
+    Next time I travel so far away."
+
+    --_Trowbridge._
+
+
+[Illustration: THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS FIRST GRADE CHILDREN ENJOYING
+THE BEST OF SCHOOL OPPORTUNITIES.]
+
+[Illustration: A SCHOOL EXHIBIT.]
+
+
+
+
+BIRD STUDY.
+
+W. H. WISMAN, NEW PARIS, OHIO.
+
+
+In order to carry on the work of bird study with any degree of success,
+experience has taught me that the subject must continually be kept
+before the pupils in all of its phases. This means actual work among
+the birds, with eyes sharpened for every movement and ears tuned to
+every sound.
+
+The first essential, I think, is for the pupil to know the bird by
+sight--that is, at close range--and to be able to give a minute
+description, paying attention to details in markings, especially in
+cases where distinctive markings determine the species.
+
+Our work in autumn consists in a sharp lookout for the warblers that
+are returning toward the Southland at the beginning of the school term.
+This requires careful observation, and pupils are encouraged to be
+watchful at this time and report any small bird they may be able to
+find on their way to or from school, or at home. A record is kept, and
+pupils are urged to compete for the longest list of different species.
+
+Later in the season, when the leaves are well off the trees, we start a
+nest-hunting contest, the object being to see who can find the greatest
+number of nests in a specified time. Samples of nests are secured and
+put up in the school room.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When cold weather comes the question of food supply is considered.
+Shelters for the birds are constructed, and feeding places are
+prepared. One method is to place a feeding board outside a south
+window, and fastening a good-sized branch of a tree outside the window,
+upon which pieces of suet are fastened. The remains of the children's
+lunches, together with seeds, kernels of nuts, etc., are placed upon
+the board, and birds soon learn to come to the banquet prepared for
+them. The pupils are urged to go home and do likewise.
+
+Monthly bird lists are kept, showing the kinds of birds that may be
+seen each month, and pupils are required to keep note-books in which
+anything of interest may be noted.
+
+In the spring the question of housing the birds is considered, and
+pupils are taught to construct simple bird houses, and all are
+interested in placing these boxes about their homes.
+
+In connection with this field work, attention is given to the
+literature upon this subject. Scrap-books are kept, and any article
+relating to birds found in papers or magazines is clipped and pasted in
+this book.
+
+We have in the school room over one hundred and fifty pictures in
+colors of the birds to be found in this section of the State, and using
+these as a basis, I give frequent "lectures" on the habits or any other
+points of interest concerning these birds.
+
+The pupils are very enthusiastic in the work, and the influence has not
+only extended throughout the entire district, but other teachers and
+pupils in the surrounding districts have caught the spirit and much is
+being done along this line throughout the township.
+
+--_Reprint from Nature and Culture._
+
+
+
+
+    THE WHITE BIRCH.
+
+    BY CHARLES DEGARMO.
+
+
+    Have you seen the white birch in the spring, in the Spring?
+    When the sunlight gleams upon her branches in the spring?
+    When her green leaves, young and tender,
+    Through their soft concealment render
+    Glimpses of her outlines slender in the spring.
+
+    Have you seen her wave her branches in the spring, in the spring?
+    Wave those airy, milk-white branches in the spring?
+    As they glisten in the light
+    Of a day divinely bright
+    When to see them is delight, in the spring.
+
+    Have you seen the sunbeams glancing in the spring, in the spring?
+    Glancing on her leaflets glossy in the spring?
+    When the wind sets them in motion,
+    Like the ripples on the ocean,
+    And they stir our fond devotion, in the spring.
+
+    If you have not, then you know not, in the spring, in the spring,
+    Half the beauty of the birches in the spring.
+    Past their tops of silver sheen
+    In the distance far are seen
+    Blue-tinged hills in living green, in the spring.
+
+    --_After Wm. Martin._
+
+
+[Illustration: NOTICE THE SPREADING BRANCHES OF THIS TREE.]
+
+
+
+
+    BLUE.
+
+    BY CHARLES DEGARMO.
+
+
+    There's plentiful blue in the midst of the green;
+    For blue are the joys that chatter and preen;
+    The blue bells all nod and sway with the breeze;
+    Blue-tinged are the hills that border the scene,
+    And blue birds sing low of nests in the trees.
+        In the land of the North
+        When the bird's on the wing,
+        Then the blue in the woods
+        Is a charm of the spring.
+
+    On waters of blue where soft breezes blow,
+    With sunshine above and shadow below,
+    My boat sails the bay, with naught to annoy,
+    For two[1] that I love sit close as we go,
+    And laughing blue eyes that mirror with joy.
+        Far away to the South,
+        Where the warm tropics lie,
+        There the blue of the sea
+        Is the blue of the sky.
+
+    --_From the Author's forthcoming book, "An Aesthetic View of the
+    World."_
+
+      [1] The Author's little granddaughters.
+
+
+
+
+    SUNRISE NEVER FAILS.
+
+
+    Upon the sadness of the sea
+    The sunset broods regretfully;
+    From the far spaces, slow
+    Withdraws the wistful afterglow.
+
+    So out of life the splendor dies,
+    So darken all the happy skies,
+    So gathers twilight cold and stern;
+    But overhead the planets burn.
+
+    And up the east another day
+    Shall chase the bitter dark away,
+    What though our eyes with tears be wet?
+    The sunrise never failed us yet.
+
+    The blush of dawn may yet restore
+    Our light and hope and joys once more.
+    Sad soul, take comfort, nor forget
+    That sunrise never failed us yet.
+
+    --_Celia Thaxter._
+
+
+[Illustration: NEW WASHINGTON, CRAWFORD COUNTY, HIGH SCHOOL.]
+
+
+
+
+    WHO-OO-
+
+
+    I wonder if you have ever heard
+    Of the queer, little, dismal Whiney-bird,
+    As black as a crow, as glum as an owl--
+    A most peculiar kind of a fowl?
+    He is oftenest seen on rainy days,
+    When children are barred from outdoor plays;
+    When the weather is bright and the warm sun shines,
+    Then he flies far away to the gloomy pines,
+    Dreary-looking, indeed, is his old black cloak,
+    And his whiney cry makes the whole house blue--
+    "There's nothing to do-oo! there's nothing to do-oo!"
+    Did you ever meet this doleful bird?
+    He's found where the children are, I've heard,
+    Now, who can he be? It can't be you.
+    But who is the Whiney-bird? Who-oo? Who-oo?
+
+    --_Jean Halifax in St. Nicholas._
+
+
+
+
+THE BLUEBIRD.
+
+BY MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT.
+
+The National Association of Audubon Societies Educational Leaflet No.
+24.
+
+
+Who dares write of the Bluebird, thinking to add a fresher tint to his
+plumage, a new tone to his melodious voice, or a word of praise to his
+gentle life, that is as much a part of our human heritage and blended
+with our memories as any other attribute of home?
+
+Not I, surely, for I know him too well and each year feel myself more
+spellbound and mute by the memories he awakens. Yet I would repeat his
+brief biography, lest there be any who, being absorbed by living
+inward, have not yet looked outward and upward to this poet of the sky
+and earth and the fullness and goodness thereof.
+
+[Sidenote: The Bluebird's Country.]
+
+For the Bluebird was the first of all poets,--even before man had
+blazed a trail in the wilderness or set up the sign of his habitation
+and tamed his thoughts to wear harness and travel to measure. And so he
+came to inherit the earth before man, and this, our country, is all The
+Bluebird's County, for at some time of the year he roves about it from
+the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Mexico to Nova Scotia, though
+westward, after he passes the range of the Rocky Mountains, he wears a
+different dress and bears other longer names.
+
+[Sidenote: The Bluebird's Travels.]
+
+In spite of the fact that our eastern Bluebird is a home-body, loving
+his nesting haunt and returning to it year after year, he is an
+adventurous traveler. Ranging all over the eastern United States at
+some time in the season, this bird has its nesting haunts at the very
+edge of the Gulf States and upward, as far north as Manitoba and Nova
+Scotia.
+
+When the breeding season is over, the birds travel sometimes in family
+groups and sometimes in large flocks, moving southward little by
+little, according to season and food-supply, some journeying as far as
+Mexico, others lingering through the middle and southern states. The
+Bluebirds that live in our orchards in summer are very unlikely to be
+those that we see in the same place in winter days. Next to the
+breeding impulse, the migrating instinct seems to be the strongest
+factor of bird life. When the life of the home is over, Nature
+whispers, "To wing, up and on!" So a few of the Bluebirds who have
+nested in Massachusetts may be those who linger in New Jersey, while
+those whose breeding haunts were in Nova Scotia, drift downward to fill
+their places in Massachusetts. But the great mass of even those birds
+we call winter residents go to the more southern parts of their range
+every winter, those who do not being but a handful in comparison.
+
+"What does this great downward journey of autumn mean?" you ask. What
+is the necessity for migration among a class of birds that are able to
+find food in fully half of the annual range? Why do birds seek extremes
+for nesting sites? This is a question about which the wise men have
+many theories, but they are still groping. One theory is that once the
+whole country had a more even climate and that many species of birds
+lived all the year in places that are now unsuitable for a permanent
+residence. Therefore, the home instinct being so strong, though they
+were driven from their nesting sites by scarcity of food and stress of
+weather, their instinct led them back as soon as the return of spring
+made it possible.
+
+Thus the hereditary love of the place where they were given life may
+underlie the great subject of migration in general and that of the
+Bluebird's home in particular.
+
+[Sidenote: The Bluebird at Home.]
+
+Before more than the first notes of spring song have sounded in the
+distance, Bluebirds are to be seen by twos and threes about the edge of
+old orchards along open roads, where the skirting trees have crumbled
+or decaying knot-holes have left tempting nooks for the tree-trunk
+birds, with whom the Bluebird may be classed. For, though he takes
+kindly to a bird-box, or a convenient hole in a fencepost, telegraph
+pole or outbuilding, a tree hole must have been his first home and
+consequently he has a strong feeling in its favor.
+
+As with many other species of migrant birds, the male is the first to
+arrive; and he does not seem to be particularly interested in
+house-hunting until the arrival of the female, when the courtship
+begins without delay, and the delicate purling song with the refrain,
+"Dear, dear, think of it, think of it," and the low, two-syllabled
+answer of the female is heard in every orchard. The building of the
+nest is not an important function,--merely gathering of a few wisps and
+straws, with some chance feathers for lining. It seems to be shared by
+both parents, as are the duties of hatching and feeding the young. The
+eggs vary in number, six being the maximum, and they are not especially
+attractive, being of so pale a blue that it is better to call them a
+bluish white. Two broods are usually raised each year, though three are
+said to be not uncommon; for Bluebirds are active during a long season,
+and, while the first nest is made before the middle of April, last year
+a brood left the box over my rose arbor September 12, though I do not
+know whether this was a belated or a prolonged family arrangement.
+
+As parents the Bluebirds are tireless, both in supplying the nest with
+insect food and attending to its sanitation; the wastage being taken
+away and dropped at a distance from the nest at almost unbelievable
+short intervals, proving the wonderful rapidity of digestion and the
+immense amount of labor required to supply the mill inside the little
+speckled throats with grist.
+
+The young Bluebirds are spotted thickly on throat and back, after the
+manner of the throat of their cousin, the Robin, or, rather, the back
+feathers are spotted, the breast feathers having dusky edges, giving a
+speckled effect.
+
+The study of the graduations of plumage of almost any brightly colored
+male bird from its first clothing until the perfectly matured feather
+of its breeding season, is in itself, a science and a subject about
+which there are many theories and differences of opinion by equally
+distinguished men.
+
+[Sidenote: The Food of the Bluebird.]
+
+The food of the nestling Bluebird is insectivorous, or, rather to be
+more exact, I should say animal; but the adult birds vary their diet at
+all seasons by eating berries and small fruits. In autumn and early
+winter, cedar and honeysuckle berries, the grape-like cluster of fruit
+of the poison ivy, bittersweet and catbrier berries are all consumed
+according to their needs.
+
+Professor Beal, of the Department of Agriculture, writes, after a
+prolonged study, that 76 per cent. of the Bluebird's food "consists of
+insects and their allies, while the other 24 per cent. is made up of
+various vegetable substances, found mostly in stomachs taken in winter.
+Beetles constitute 28 per cent. of the whole food, grasshoppers 22,
+caterpillars 11, and various insects, including quite a number of
+spiders, comprise the remainder of the insect diet. All these are more
+or less harmful, except a few predaceous beetles, which amount to 8 per
+cent., but in view of the large consumption of grasshoppers and
+caterpillars, we can at least condone this offense, if such it may be
+called. The destruction of grasshoppers is very noticeable in the
+months of August and September, when these insects form more than 60
+per cent. of the diet."
+
+It is not easy to tempt Bluebirds to an artificial feeding-place, such
+as I keep supplied with food for Juncos, Chickadees, Woodpeckers,
+Nuthatches, Jays, etc.; though in winter they will eat dried currants
+and make their own selection from mill sweepings if scattered about the
+trees of their haunts. For, above all things, the Bluebird, though
+friendly and seeking the borderland between the wild and the tame,
+never becomes familiar, and never does he lose the half-remote
+individuality that is one of his great charms. Though he lives with us
+and gives no sign of pride of birth or race, he is not of us, as the
+Song Sparrow, Chippy or even the easily alarmed Robin. The poet's
+mantle envelopes him even as the apple blossoms throw a rosy mist about
+his doorway, and it is best so.
+
+
+
+
+THE BLUEBIRDS.
+
+
+1. EASTERN BLUEBIRD (SIALIA SIALIS).
+
+_Adult male._--Length 7 inches. Upper parts, wings and tail bright
+blue; breast and sides rusty, reddish brown, belly white. Adult
+female.--Similar to the male, but upper parts except the upper tail
+coverts, duller, gray or brownish blue, the breast and sides paler.
+Nestling.--Wings and tail essentially like those of adult, upper parts
+dark sooty brown, the back spotted with whitish; below, whitish, but
+the feathers of the breast and sides widely margined with brown,
+producing a spotted appearance. This plumage is soon followed by the
+fall or winter plumage, in which the blue feathers of the back are
+fringed with rusty, and young and old birds are then alike in color.
+
+_Range._--Eastern United States west to the Rocky Mountains; nests from
+the Gulf States to Manitoba and Nova Scotia; winters from southern New
+England southward.
+
+
+1a. AZURE BLUEBIRD (SIALIA SIALIS AZUREA).
+
+Similar to the Eastern Bluebird, but breast paler, upper parts lighter,
+more cerulean blue.
+
+_Range._--Mountains of eastern Mexico north to southern Arizona.
+
+
+2. WESTERN BLUEBIRD (SIALIA MEXICANA OCCIDENTALIS).
+
+_Adult male._--Above deep blue, the foreback in part chestnut; throat
+blue, breast and sides chestnut, the belly bluish grayish.
+
+_Adult Female._--Above grayish blue, chestnut of back faintly
+indicated, throat grayish blue, breast rusty, paler than in male, belly
+grayish.
+
+_Range._--Pacific coast region from northern Lower California north to
+British Columbia, east to Nevada.
+
+
+2a. CHESTNUT-BACKED BLUEBIRD (SIALIA MEXICANA ANABELAE).
+
+Similar to the Western Bluebird, but foreback wholly chestnut.
+
+_Range._--Rocky Mountain region from Mexico north to Wyoming.
+
+
+2b. SAN PEDRO BLUEBIRD (SIALIA MEXICANA ANABELAE).
+
+Similar to the Western Bluebird, but back with less chestnut.
+
+_Range._--San Pedro Martir mountains, Lower California.
+
+
+3. MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD (SIALIA ARCTICA).
+
+_Adult male._--Almost wholly blue, above beautiful cerulean, below
+paler, belly whitish. Adult female.--Above brownish gray, upper tail
+coverts, wings and tail bluish below pale fawn, belly whitish.
+
+_Range._--Western United States from Rocky Mountains to Sierras, and
+from New Mexico north to the Great Slave Lake region.
+
+
+
+
+    TO CELIA.
+
+
+    Drink to me only with thine eyes,
+        And I will pledge with mine;
+    Or leave a kiss in the cup
+        And I'll not look for wine.
+    The thirst that from the soul doth rise
+        Doth ask a drink divine;
+    But might I of Jove's nectar sup,
+        I would not change for thine.
+
+    I sent thee late a rosy wreath,
+        Not so much honoring thee
+    As giving it a hope that there
+        It could not withered be;
+    But thou thereon didst only breathe
+        And sen'st it back to me;
+    Since when it grows, and smells, I swear,
+        Not of itself but thee!
+
+    --_Ben Johnson._
+
+
+[Illustration: A TREE THAT STANDS IN THE OPEN COUNTRY HAS A HARD
+STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.]
+
+
+
+
+    DON'T FORGET THE TREE.
+
+    (A POEM FOR ARBOR DAY.)
+
+
+    How beauteous is the lordly tree
+        That scatters cooling shade!
+    The landscape, O how fair and free
+        By loving Nature made;
+    The birds that build in leafy bough
+        Hail each returning spring,
+    And in the emerald forests now
+        They make the Welkin ring.
+
+    The tree we plant in years becomes
+        A monarch old and gray,
+    And thousands from unbuilded homes
+        Will bless our Arbor Day;
+    We plant not for the present time,
+        But for the days in store.
+    And those who come from distant clime
+        Will bless us o'er and o'er.
+
+    Hail Arbor Day! With busy hands
+        With cheerful hearts and free
+    We come in Nature; loving hands
+        To plant the bush or tree;
+    Unto the wide extending plain,
+        Or to the sun scorched way
+    We bring the cooling shade again
+        With joy this Arbor Day.
+
+
+
+
+    DON'T FORGET THE TREE.
+
+
+    Where halts the pilgrim for an hour
+        Let some tree rear its head,
+    Our work can greet him with a flower,
+        Or luscious fruit instead;
+    Plant for the dawning years a tree,
+        'Twill not be labor lost;
+    You'll live to bless the day and see
+        How little was the cost.
+
+    Plant trees upon the barren hill
+        And in the village street,
+    And shade the little sunny rill
+        Whose song is rich and sweet;
+    Where there's a will there is a way.
+        So let the children come
+    And plant a tree this Arbor Day--
+        A tree that stands for Home.
+
+    Methinks the rose will fairer bloom
+        Upon the bush we set,
+    And softer be its perfume
+        Above its coronet;
+    Let every child in Freedom's land
+        Hail Arbor Day with glee,
+    And plant with every busy hand
+        A shrub, a bush or tree.
+
+    God made the many trees for shade,
+        So plant one on this day,
+    In field, in town, in glen and glade
+        They yield a gentle sway;
+    In troops let all the children come
+        With music, song and cheer;
+    For Arbor Day is near to Home,
+        And Home is always dear.
+
+    Go plant a tree where none is found,
+        Make bright some treeless spot,
+    And as the ceaseless years go round
+        You will not be forgot;
+    From hill to hill, from shore to shore,
+        Let hands forget their play,
+    And men will bless forevermore
+        Our sacred Arbor Day.
+
+    --_T. C. Harbaugh._
+
+
+[Illustration: ALONG THE MAUMEE.]
+
+[Illustration: THE THOUGHTLESS LUMBER-MAN LEAVES AN UNCANNY WAKE.]
+
+
+
+
+    TRAILING ARBUTUS.
+
+
+    Ere the latest snow of Springtime
+    Leaves the shelter of the woodlands;
+    While it still in every hollow
+    Waits with a wavering indecision,
+    Loath to vanish at the mandate
+    Of the swiftly conquering sunshine--
+    Then the Spirit of the Springtime
+    Comes with gentle exorcism.
+
+    'Tis the arbutus, frail beauty,
+    Pale with fright, yet blushing rosy
+    At the simple joy of living,
+    And before her modest presence
+    Harsh winds calm their fiercest bluster,
+    And the last resisting armies
+    Of the Snow-king quickly vanish.
+    Then she sends her sweetest fragrance
+    Upward, like a breath of incense,
+    To the sun, who cheers and thanks her
+    With his warmest, grateful kisses.
+
+    --_Mary Nowlan Wittwer, Adelphi, Ohio._
+
+
+[Illustration: MANY TIMES "THREE SCORE YEARS AND TEN."]
+
+
+
+
+THE LOGAN ELM.
+
+
+The Logan Elm, about six miles from Circleville, with five acres of
+park surrounding it, is now the property of the Ohio Historical and
+Archaeological Society, having been transferred to that organization by
+the Pickaway Historical Association on October 2, 1912. It is
+altogether proper that this historic tree and ground should become the
+property of Ohio so that every person in our commonwealth may feel a
+proprietary interest in this spot and all that it means.
+
+We have traveled far on the pathway of civilization since the day when
+the Chief of the Mingoes made this spot memorable by his native
+eloquence, but we do well to look back, now and again, to these
+landmarks so as to catch a view of the road over which we have come.
+Such a view gives us courage and spirit for the journey that lies
+before us for we are made to feel that since we have done this much we
+shall be able to do even more and better.
+
+In his historical collections Howe says of the speech of Logan: "It was
+repeated throughout the North American Colonies as a lesson of
+eloquence in the schools, and copied upon the pages of literary
+journals in Great Britain and the Continent. This brief effusion of
+mingled pride, courage and sorrow, elevated the character of the native
+American throughout the intelligent world; and the place where it was
+delivered can never be forgotten so long as touching eloquence is
+admired by men."
+
+This being true, it is quite fitting that the schools shall place this
+speech in the category of eloquence and give the children to know that
+real eloquence is the expression of deep and sincere emotion. The Logan
+Elm remains to us the visible symbol of an example of this sort of
+eloquence and our celebration of Arbor Day will be all the more
+inspiring if all the children come to know the meaning of this tree and
+feel the real eloquence of the speech.
+
+The version of the speech here given is found in Jefferson's Notes and
+is as follows:
+
+    "I appeal to any white man to say, if ever he entered Logan's cabin
+    hungry and I gave him not meats; if ever he came cold or naked and
+    I gave him not clothing. During the course of the last long and
+    bloody war, Logan remained in his tent an advocate for peace. Nay,
+    such was my love for the whites, that those of my own country
+    pointed at me as they passed by and said, 'Logan is the friend of
+    white men.' I had even thought to live with you, but for the
+    injuries of one man. Colonel Cresap, the last spring, in cold
+    blood, and unprovoked, cut off all the relatives of Logan; not
+    sparing even any women and children. There runs not a drop of my
+    blood in the veins of any human creature. This called on me for
+    revenge. I have sought it. I have killed many. I have fully glutted
+    my vengeance. For my country, I rejoice at the beams of peace. Yet,
+    do not harbor the thought that mine is the joy of fear. Logan never
+    felt fear. He will not turn on his heel to save his life. Who is
+    there to mourn for Logan? Not one."
+
+--_F. B. Pearson._
+
+
+
+
+    LITTLE DOG TRAY.
+
+
+    When at the close of a wearisome day
+    Homeward disheartened, you moodily stray,
+    What would you take for your little dog Tray?
+    Take for the wag of his tail?
+
+    Sitting alone at the old picket gate,
+    Little dog Tray will patiently wait
+    Watching: No matter if early or late
+    Slow is the wag of his tail.
+
+    Look! see him start as a form comes in view!
+    What has the dog with that vision to do?
+    How does he tell that he knows it is you?
+    Just by the wag of his tail.
+
+    Oh, the wild glee in his rhythmical song
+    Sung in the motion that keeps him along!
+    Is it a love that he bears for the throng?
+    Judge by the wag of his tail.
+
+    Swift as the wind he has run to your side,
+    Eager and happy to show you his pride;
+    Bounding aloft, then ahead as your guide
+    Merrily wagging his tail.
+
+    No one may know why he loves you so well
+    Nor if your voice or your face weave the spell
+    But that he loves you his actions will tell,
+    Such as the wag of his tail.
+
+    Loves you and shares in your hunger and thirst
+    Riches and poverty, landed or cursed,
+    Always the same, for the best or the worst
+    Proved by the wag of his tail.
+
+    Love such as his will abide to the end,
+    Do what you will, distort your ways you may wend,
+    Hardships and knocks but insure him your friend
+    Shown by the wag of his tail.
+
+    Curse him--he lies at your feet to adore!
+    Strike him--he loves you the same as before!
+    Violent blows--snap your finger! Once more
+    There is the wag of his tail.
+
+    Watchful he sits at your side in repose
+    Loyal before you he stealthily goes
+    Eager to champion your cause with your foes
+    Told by the wag of his tail.
+
+    Friendship may fade and earth's love may grow cold
+    Chains such as these oft are flimsiest mold,
+    Love of the dog for his master will hold
+    Long as the wag of his tail.
+
+    Not as a peer, neither cringing like slave
+    One solemn boon, as the last he may crave,
+    Little dog Tray sits and moans on your grave
+    Sad is the way of his tail.
+
+    When at the close of a wearisome day
+    Homeward, disheartened, you moodily stray,
+    What would you take for your little dog Tray?
+    Take for the wag of his tail?
+
+--_By Walter P. Neff._
+
+
+[Illustration: LADY BETTY.]
+
+
+
+
+    A KIPLING TRIBUTE.
+
+
+    "Buy a pup and your money will buy
+    Love unflinching that cannot lie
+    Perfect passion and worship fed,
+    By a kick in the ribs or a pat on the head,
+    Nevertheless it is hardly fair
+    To risk your heart for a dog to tear.
+
+    When the fourteen years which nature permits
+    Are closing in asthma, or tumor, or fits,
+    And the "Vet's" unspoken presentation runs
+    To lethal chambers or loaded guns,
+    Then you will find, its your own affair
+    That -- -- -- you've given your heart for a dog to tear."
+
+    --_By Lee A. Dollinger._
+
+
+
+
+"MAN'S BEST FRIEND."
+
+
+Senator Vest had been retained as the Attorney of a man whose dog had
+been wantonly shot by a neighbor. The plaintiff demanded $200.00.
+
+When Vest finished speaking the jury awarded $500.00 without leaving
+their seats. This is what he said:
+
+"_Gentlemen of the Jury:_ The best friend a man has in this world may
+turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter that he has
+reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and
+dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good
+name, may become traitors to their faith. The money that a man has he
+may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.
+
+"A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill considered
+action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor
+when success is with us, may be the first to throw the stone of malice
+when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolutely
+unselfish friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that
+never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous
+is his dog.
+
+"A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and
+in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground where the wintry winds
+blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near his master's
+side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the
+wounds and sores that come in encounter with the roughness of the
+world. He will guard the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a
+prince. When all other friends desert, he remains.
+
+"When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces he is as
+constant in his love, as the sun on its journey through the heavens. If
+misfortune drives the master forth an outcast in the world, friendless
+and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of
+accompanying him to guard against danger, to fight against his enemies,
+and when the last scene of all comes, and death takes the master in his
+embrace and his body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all
+other friends pursue their way, there by his grave side will the noble
+dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert
+watchfulness, faithful and true even in death."
+
+    "There is but one drawback to a dog's friendship,
+    It does not last long enough."
+
+    --_Van Dyke._
+
+
+
+
+THE REDSTARTS.
+
+CORDELIA J. STANWOOD, ELLSWORTH, ME.
+
+
+Reprints from Nature and Culture.
+
+The redstart is one of the most beautiful of the warblers. It flutters
+through the branches like the sunbeams through the dancing leaves;
+again, it suggests a darting flame or a gorgeous autumn-leaf tossed
+hither and thither by the wind.
+
+The redstart winters in the tropics--Mexico, South America, and the
+West Indies--but nests in almost every part of North America east of
+the Rockies. The female models an exquisite statant, increment nest,
+well set down in the crotch of a tree, but the kind of a tree selected
+and the materials used vary in different localities.
+
+The most beautiful nest I ever found was located sixteen feet from the
+ground, in the crotch of a white birch. The support was formed by the
+main trunk and several ascending, rudimentary branches. When I looked
+up into the tree a tiny, fluffy mass of white birch curls attracted my
+attention. On this cushion the nest was shaped of similar curls of
+white birch bark and partially decomposed inner bark, fiber; the rim,
+firm and well modeled, consisted of what looked like split culms of
+hay, but I decided that it must be the outside of decayed goldenrod
+stems. It was lined with horse hair, human hair, and the feathers of
+the female. A daintier, warmer, safer, little cradle no bird could
+desire.
+
+Another nest, located in a maple five feet high from the ground, was
+placed on a foundation of dead leaves, coarse meadow grass, and white
+birch bark. The cup was constructed of fine cedar bark fiber; the
+outside was ornamented with the white egg cases of some insect. The
+nest had a beautifully turned brim of the same material as was used in
+the former nest. The lining, likewise, was of goldenrod fiber, and a
+few of the green and yellow feathers of the female. As usual, more or
+less spider's floss entered into the composition of this well-made
+structure. The dwelling strikingly corresponded in color with the gray
+maple crotch that supported it. Each house was well adapted to its
+surroundings.
+
+The female builds the nest almost unassisted and appears, likewise to
+incubate and brood the young. The male, however, sings from his varied
+repertoire to cheer his mate at her task, and assists the female in
+feeding the young and cleansing the domicile, but when disturbed by an
+observer, the female is more assiduous than the male in her attentions
+to their offspring.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Usually when a person attempts to inspect a redstart's nest containing
+young, the female drops from the nest a dead weight and falls from
+branch to branch of any tree in the way, striking the ground with a
+dull thud. Her next move is to trail a helpless wing along the ground.
+At another time she flies from the nest and alights on the ground with
+spread wings and tail. The yellow markings on the wing and tail show
+conspicuously as the bird moves forward by the wings, as if her legs
+were too weak to sustain her weight. At the same time the bird twitters
+very softly, almost inaudibly; in other words, she feigns the
+helplessness of a young bird. These pretty deceptions, the expression
+of the mother instinct, always appeal to me very strongly.
+
+While studying a family of redstarts that lived in a gray birch some
+twelve feet above the ground, the hen and one nestling disappeared.
+Across the hayfield from the grove of the birds that I was observing
+was a bit of woodland to which both redstarts resorted frequently,
+presumably for feed. Here was the nest of a redstart containing four
+fresh eggs. That day I arranged with a care to lower the nest a number
+of feet. The birds deserted. On examining the nest I found that one egg
+has been cracked. Whether this nest belonged to the redstarts of the
+grove and the female left her young in the care of the cock while she
+constructed a third nest, I cannot say. Exactly what became of the
+mother remained a mystery.
+
+It was with grave concern that I watched the gayly dressed little
+songster for an entire day to see if he would take upon himself the
+duties of the mother-bird. Nothing could have been more touching than
+to note the faithfulness with which he performed all the work of two
+birds save brooding the young. The following morning the nest was
+empty, but I found the father-bird in a coppice feeding the little
+family. Evidently he had undertaken the entire care of his small flock.
+
+One nest of redstarts that I studied from the egg stage was on the wing
+on the tenth day. As the nest was but five feet from the ground, within
+reach, and as I called there nearly every day, it is not surprising
+that the old bird tolled the young from the nest as soon as they were
+able to fly. At this age redstart nestlings preen vigorously and fly
+short distances.
+
+The nest of the redstarts, when vacated, was immaculate, save for the
+quill and pin feather cases that filled the interstices.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The bird seems to raise a second brood, at least some years, as nearly
+all the dates at which I have discovered the bird nesting are later
+than those I find recorded. Redstarts were completing a nest June 13,
+1908; a male and female were feeding four young five or six days old
+July 13, 1907; a bird was ready to incubate four fresh eggs the same
+day, and still another redstart was incubating four eggs July 5, 1910;
+these were not hatched until nine days later.
+
+If the birds feed two broods during the summer, then they are nearly
+twice as useful as they have been generally supposed to be. The
+redstart is the most active of the active warblers, and the number of
+gnats, flies, caterpillars, moths, other insects and their eggs that
+these birds consume or feed to their nestlings in one day is
+incredible. While it does splendid work in the woods it frequently
+comes to the orchard and is not unknown to paly its quest for food in
+the village streets. While we admire the redstart for its beauty and
+its charming little songs, we respect the bird for his utility. In this
+case the proverbial "fine feathers" do cover fine little bird.
+
+
+
+
+    THE OLD TREE.
+
+
+    I.
+
+    The old beech tree, so green and gray!
+    How oft I've heard thee, whispering say,
+    With beckoning branches waving low,
+    "Rest here, where cooling breezes blow!"
+    And in thy shadows deep and dark,
+    How oft I've touched thy cool gray bark;
+    And still I bless thee, old beech tree,
+    For old sweet memories dear to me.
+    Repeat the stories yet half told
+    Of those who carved their names so bold!
+    In whispers tell of them today,
+    O venerable beech, so green and gray!
+
+
+    II.
+
+    The old beech tree, so green and gray,
+    The old-time welcome gives today,
+    With beckoning branches reaching down
+    To mother earth all garbed in brown.
+    Thy gnarled, bark-covered roots up-bend
+    A further welcome to extend.
+    Thy low-extending branches wave,
+    As though a green-robed prelate gave
+    A benediction, and had blessed
+    A people weary and oppressed.
+    And so I rest with thee today,
+    My old beech tree, so green and gray!
+
+    --_Richard Nevin Pemberton._
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE HORSE'S PRAYER TO HIS MASTER.
+
+
+To Thee, My master, I offer my prayer: Feed me, water and care for me,
+and when the day's work is done, provide me with shelter, a clean dry
+bed, and a stall wide enough for me to lie down in comfort.
+
+Always be kind to me. Talk to me. Your voice often means as much to me
+as the reins. Pet me sometimes, that I may serve you the more gladly
+and learn to love you. Do not jerk the reins, and do not whip me when
+going up hill. Never strike, beat or kick me when I do not understand
+what you want, but give me a chance to understand you. Watch me, and if
+I fail to do your bidding, see if something is not wrong with my
+harness or feet.
+
+Do not check me so that I cannot have the free use of my head. If you
+insist that I wear blinders so that I cannot see behind me, as it was
+intended I should, I pray you to be careful that the blinders stand
+well out from my eyes.
+
+Do not overload me, or hitch me where water will drip on me. Keep me
+well shod. Examine my teeth when I do not eat. I may have an ulcerated
+tooth, and that, you know, is very painful. Do not fix my head in an
+unnatural position, or take away my best defense against flies and
+mosquitoes by cutting off my tail.
+
+I cannot tell you when I am thirsty, so give me clean cool water often.
+I cannot tell you in words when I am sick, so watch me, and by signs
+you may know my condition. Give me all possible shelter from the hot
+sun, and put a blanket on me not when I am working but when I am
+standing in the cold. Never put a frosty bit in my mouth. First warm it
+by holding it a moment in your hands.
+
+And finally, O My Master, when my useful strength is gone, do not turn
+me out to starve or freeze, or sell me to some human brute, to be
+slowly tortured and starved to death; but do Thou, My Master, take my
+life in the kindest way, and your God will reward you Here and
+Hereafter. You will not consider me irreverent if I ask this in the
+name of Him who was born in a stable. Amen.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+    "ONE, TWO, THREE!"
+
+
+    1. It was an old, old, old, old lady,
+           And a boy that was half past three;
+       And the way that they played together
+           Was beautiful to see.
+
+    2. She couldn't go running and jumping,
+           And the boy, no more could he;
+       For he was a thin little fellow,
+           With a thin little twisted knee.
+
+    3. They sat in the yellow twilight,
+           Out under the maple tree;
+       And the game that they played I'll tell you,
+           Just as it was told to me.
+
+    4. It was Hide and Go Seek they were playing,
+           Though you'd never have known it to be--
+       With an old, old, old, old lady,
+           And a boy with a twisted knee.
+
+    5. The boy would bend his face down
+           On his one little sound right knee,
+       And he guessed where she was hiding,
+           In guesses One, Two, Three!
+
+    6. "You are in the china closet!"
+           He would cry, and laugh with glee--
+       It wasn't the china closet;
+           But he still had Two and Three.
+
+    7. "You are up in Papa's big bedroom,
+           In the chest with the queer old key!"
+       And she said: "You are _warm_ and _warmer_;
+           But you're not quite right," said she.
+
+    8. "It can't be the little cupboard
+           Where Mamma's things used to be
+       So it must be the clothespress, Gran'ma!"
+           And he found her with his Three.
+
+    9. Then she covered her face with her fingers,
+           That were wrinkled and white and wee,
+       And she guessed where the boy was hiding,
+           With a One and a Two and a Three.
+
+   10. And they never had stirred from their places,
+           Right under the maple tree--
+       This old, old, old, old lady,
+           And the boy with the lame little knee--
+       This dear, dear, dear old lady,
+           And the boy who was half past three.
+
+    --_From Poems of H. C. Bunner; copyrighted 1884, 1892, 1899 by
+    Chas. Scribner's Sons._
+
+
+
+
+BIRD-STUDY IN OHIO PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
+
+DR. EUGENE SWOPE.
+
+Audubon Field Agent for Ohio, 4 W. Seventh St., Cincinnati, O.
+
+
+The national movement for the study and protection of our wild birds is
+as well understood and supported by the teachers of Ohio as of any
+other State. The number of Junior Audubon Classes formed in the schools
+of Ohio last year was second only to New Jersey. That little State took
+the lead. Ohio ought to take the lead this year. With our Commissioner
+F. W. Miller giving his approval and encouragement, and our Supervisors
+of Agriculture recommending bird study as a necessary feature of
+elementary agriculture, Ohio ought to be able to report a large number
+of Bird Classes by the middle of May.
+
+[Illustration: BIRDS AT HOME.]
+
+It is a rare thing to find a Superintendent or principal actually
+unfriendly toward bird study, but a very large percent hesitate to
+admit it into their schools because it is new and untried.
+
+The claims of bird study upon Superintendents and principals is one
+that cannot much longer be overlooked. The National desire to know the
+wild birds and to save the remnant now left, is yearly becoming
+stronger. An ever-increasing number of homes are becoming active
+centers and parents are looking to the public schools for help, and
+children everywhere are eager for bird study.
+
+There is no risk in introducing Junior Audubon Classes in a school.
+Some of our country's foremost educators have tried it with gratifying
+results, for they find that there is no better subject to develope the
+power of _attention_ in children, there is no better subject to train
+children's _memories_, there is no better subject to awake _originality_
+of thought in young minds, and it is unquestionably the supreme subject
+for composition work. Any teacher who cares to give bird study a trial
+may correspond with me and receive gratis, the help now offered by the
+Ohio Audubon Society.
+
+
+
+
+    THE BOY WITH THE HOE.
+
+
+    "Say, how do you hoe your row, young chap?
+        Say, how do you hoe your row?
+          Do you hoe it fair?
+          Do you hoe it square?
+        Do you hoe it the best you know?
+    Do you cut the weeds as you ought to do?
+        And leave what's worth while there?
+    The harvest you garner depends on you,
+        Are you working it on the square?
+
+    "Are you killing the noxious weeds, young chap?
+        Are you making it straight and clean?
+          Are you going straight,
+          At a hustling gait,
+        Do you scatter all that's mean?
+    Do you laugh and sing and whistle shrill,
+        And dance a step or two?
+    The road you hoe leads up a hill;
+        The harvest is up to you."
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+[Illustration: WHY DO BOYS LOVE SUCH A PLACE AS THIS?]
+
+
+
+
+    THE BEECH TREE'S PETITION.
+
+
+    O leave this barren spot to me!
+    Spare, woodman, spare the beechen tree!
+    Though bush or floweret never grow
+    My dark unwarming shade below;
+    Nor summer bud perfume the dew
+    Of rosy blush, or yellow hue;
+    Nor fruits of Autumn, blossom born,
+    My green and glossy leaves adorn;
+    Nor murmuring tribes from me derive
+    The ambrosial amber of the hive;
+    Yet leave this barren spot to me;
+    Spare, woodman, spare the beechen tree!
+    Trice twenty summers have I seen
+    The sky grow bright, the forest green;
+    And many a wintry wind have stood
+    In bloomless, fruitless solitude,
+    Since childhood in my pleasant bower
+    First spent its sweet and pensive hour;
+    Since youthful lovers in my shade
+    Their vows of truth and rapture made,
+    And on my trunk's surviving frame
+    Carved many a long-forgotten name.
+    Oh! by the sighs of gentle sound,
+    First breather upon this sacred ground;
+    By all that Love has whispered here,
+    Or Beauty heard with ravished ear;
+    As Love's own altar honor me;
+    Spare, woodman, spare the beechen tree.
+
+    --_Thomas Campbell._
+
+
+[Illustration: TURTLECREEK TOWNSHIP SCHOOL EXHIBIT AT WARREN COUNTY
+FAIR.]
+
+
+
+
+THE CARDINAL.
+
+BY WILLIAM DUTCHER,
+
+President of National Association of Audubon Societies. Educational
+Leaflet No. 18.
+
+
+The Cardinal is one of the most brilliant of American birds; the name
+is derived from its color, which is a deep red, somewhat less vivid
+than scarlet. This color is supposed to be named from the vestments of
+a cardinal, an ecclesiastic of high rank in the Roman Church. The
+female bird, while not so conspicuous as her mate, is clad in a rich
+brown with just enough of red to light it up. They are indeed a
+striking pair, and wherever they are found soon become favorites. They
+are known as Cardinal Grosbeaks, Red-birds, Crested Red-birds, Virginia
+Nightingales, and lately James Lane Allen has made familiar Kentucky
+Cardinal. The illustration shows the Cardinal's most prominent
+features--a very large strong bill, a conspicuous crest, which can be
+erected or depressed at will, short rounded wings and a long tail. The
+length of the Cardinal is a little over eight inches from tip of bill
+to end of tail.
+
+Once seen, the Cardinal can never be mistaken for any other bird,
+especially as its plumage virtually never changes but remains much the
+same at all seasons of the year. Cardinals are resident wherever they
+are found, and their center of abundance is in the southern portion of
+the United States. The northern limit of its range is approximately a
+line drawn from a point in the vicinity of New York City, westward to
+southeastern Nebraska; thence southward to Texas, where it is found in
+the greater part of the state. These lines are arbitrary, but are given
+in order that a teacher may show scholars in a general way where
+Cardinals can be found. Further, they give teachers and pupils who
+reside outside these limits an opportunity to extend the Cardinal's
+known range by proving that it lives in their locality.
+
+There have been records of the Cardinal made as far north as Nova
+Scotia and Southern Ontario, but it is believed that these were escaped
+cage birds, the Cardinal, probably owing to its beauty of plumage and
+richness of song, having long been a favorite cage bird. Alexander
+Wilson, in American Ornithology (Vol. II, page 145), which was
+published in 1828, says, "This is one of our most common cage birds,
+and is very generally known, not only in North America, but even in
+Europe; numbers of them having been carried over both to France and
+England, in which last country they are usually called Virginia
+Nightingales."
+
+Dr. Russ, the great German aviculturist, says, "Beloved in its home by
+both Americans and Germans, it is protected and caught only for the
+cage bird fancy. Had been bred in Holland a century and a half ago and
+later in England." It is true that until recently large numbers of
+Cardinals were caught or taken from the nest while young, for shipment
+to foreign countries by bird dealers. Owing to the efforts of the
+National Association, this traffic is a thing of the past. The Model
+Law, which is in force in all the States where the Cardinal is found,
+prohibits all traffic in these birds and forbids their being shipped
+from the State.
+
+The Cardinal is too beautiful and valuable a bird to be confined within
+the narrow limits of a cage, where its splendid spirit is soon broken
+by its unavailing attempts to escape. Mrs. Olive Thorne Miller, in one
+of her charming pictures of bird life, says of a captive Cardinal,
+that, "He is a cynic, morose and crusty." Such a character cannot be
+attributed to the Cardinal when it is at liberty. Its wild, free song,
+its restless activity and its boldness are the antithesis of a
+depressed cage captive. Even when it receives the best care from its
+human jailer it is still a prisoner confined in a space so small that
+it never has an opportunity to stretch its wings in flight, nor can it
+ever bathe in the bright sunshine or view the blue skies above it. The
+whispering of the winds through the sylvan shades is lost to the
+captive forever. Is it strange that the nature of this wild free spirit
+changes?
+
+The writer has seen many hundreds of these beautiful birds in cages
+ready to be shipped, each one doomed to a short existence, a prisoner
+and an exile. Fortunately, this condition is now changed; and, had the
+National Association accomplished no other good, the stopping of the
+cage-bird traffic would be a sufficient reason for its organization.
+
+In the South, where the Cardinal is one of the most abundant birds, it
+is a special favorite, rivaling the Mockingbird in the affections of
+the people. It is commonly found in the towns as well as the rural
+districts. The female bird builds the nest, which is loosely
+constructed of leaves, bark, twigs, shreds of grape-vine, and is lined
+with dry grasses. The nest is placed in bushes or vines from eight to
+ten feet from the ground. Three or four white eggs, speckled with
+brown, are laid, and it is probable that in the South two broods are
+raised each season. The home life of Cardinals is a pattern of domestic
+felicity, so true are the sexes to each other. Even in winter they seem
+to be paired, for a male and a female are always seen together.
+However, during the season of incubation the tender solicitude of the
+male for his mate is best shown. In fact, his extreme anxiety that the
+home and its inmates should not be discovered excites him so much that
+he actually leads the visitor to the nest in the attempt to mislead.
+
+The song of the male Cardinal is loud and clear, with a melodious ring,
+"What cheer! What cheer! What cheer!" winding up with a peculiar
+long-drawn out e-e-e. Contrary to the usual custom in bird families,
+the female Cardinal is an excellent singer, although her notes are in
+an entirely different key from those of her gifted mate, being lower
+and to some ears more sweet and musical.
+
+Audubon's "American Ornithological Biography" is so rare at the present
+day, being found only in the largest libraries, and is consequently so
+inaccessible to the ordinary reader, that his description of the song
+of the Cardinal is quoted in full.
+
+"Its song is at first loud and clear, resembling the finest sounds
+produced by the flageolet, and gradually descends into more marked and
+continued cadences, until it dies away in the air around. During the
+love season the song is emitted with increased emphasis by this proud
+musician, who, as if aware of his powers, swells his throat, spreads
+his rosy tail, droops his wings, and leans alternately to the right and
+left, as if on the eve of expiring with delight at the delicious sounds
+of his own voice. Again and again are those melodies repeated, the bird
+resting only at intervals to breathe. They may be heard from long
+before the sun gilds the eastern horizon, to the period when the
+blazing orb pours down its noonday floods of heat and light, driving
+the birds to the coverts to seek repose for a while. Nature again
+invigorated, the musician recommences his song, when, as if he had
+never strained his throat before, he makes the whole neighborhood
+resound, nor ceases until the shades of evening close around him. Day
+after day the song of the Red-bird beguiles the weariness of his mate
+as she assiduously warmed her eggs; and at times she also assists with
+the modesty of her gentler sex. Few individuals of our own race refuse
+their homage and admiration to the sweet songster. How pleasing is it,
+when, by a clouded sky, the woods are rendered so dark that, were it
+not for an occasional glimpse of clearer light falling between the
+trees, you might imagine night at hand, while you are yet far distant
+from your home, how pleasing to have your ear suddenly saluted by the
+well-known notes of this favorite bird, assuring you of peace around,
+and of the full hour that still remains for you to pursue your walk in
+security! How often have I enjoyed this pleasure and how often, in due
+humbleness of hope, do I trust that I may enjoy it again."
+
+[Illustration: A SCHOOL GROUND WORTH MANY TIMES WHAT IT COSTS.]
+
+[Illustration: BIRD HOUSES.]
+
+In addition to its great esthetic value of song and plumage, the
+Cardinal has another important character which should endear it to the
+husbandman. Its food is various, consisting of wild fruits such as
+grapes, berries, mulberries, cedar berries, seeds of grasses and of
+many species of weeds, also large numbers of adult beetles,
+grasshoppers, crickets, flies, ants and their larvae; it is especially
+fond of rose-bugs. The Cardinal is from every point of view a bird of
+great interest and value, and any person who makes its intimate
+acquaintance will form a life-long friendship.
+
+--_Reprinted from Bird-lore._
+
+
+
+
+    THE HERMIT THRUSH.
+
+
+    While walking through a lonely wood
+        I heard a lovely voice:
+    A voice so fresh and true and good
+        It made my heart rejoice.
+
+    It sounded like a Sunday bell,
+        Rung softly in a town,
+    Or like a stream, that in a dell
+        Forever trickles down.
+
+    It seemed to me a voice of love,
+        That always had loved me,
+    So softly it rang out above--
+        So wild and wanderingly.
+
+    O Voice, were you a golden dove,
+        Or just a plain gray bird?
+    O Voice, you are my wandering love,
+        Lost, yet forever heard.
+
+    --_Arvia Mackaye, 9 years old._
+
+
+
+
+    MY LITTLE BO-PEEP.
+
+
+    My little Bo-Peep does not cry for lost sheep--
+        O no! She is sobbing for bread;
+    Her hands are so tired, so weary her feet,
+        That she sighs, "I wish I were dead."
+
+    My little Bo-Peep does not wander away
+        O'er meadows so grassy and green;
+    'Mid the factory din, face wan, white and thin,
+        My little Bo-Peep can be seen.
+
+    My little Bo-Peep does not dream of white sheep--
+        Her day's work reaches into the night;
+    On her pallet of straw, a few hours of rest--
+        For her task she is up with the light.
+
+    O let's find a day for my Bo-Peep to play--
+        Let's give her a breath of fresh air;
+    Somehow we'll feel better when giving our thanks
+        To God for our blessings in prayer.
+
+    Marion, Ohio.
+
+    --_Isabella Virginia Freeland._
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+    THE OAK TREE.
+
+
+    Long ago in changeful autumn,
+        When the leaves are turning brown,
+    From a tall oak's topmost branches
+        Fell a little acorn down.
+
+    And it tumbled by the pathway,
+        And a chance foot trod it deep
+    In the ground, where all the winter
+        In its shell it lay asleep.
+
+    With the white snow lying over,
+        And the frost to hold it fast,
+    Till there came the mild spring weather,
+        When it burst its shell at last.
+
+    Many years kind Nature nursed it,
+        Summers hot and winters long;
+    Down the sun looked bright upon it,
+        While it grew up tall and strong.
+
+    Now it stands up like a giant,
+        Casting shadows broad and high,
+    With huge trunk and leafy branches
+        Spreading up into the sky.
+
+    Child, when haply you are resting,
+        'Neath the great oak's monster shade,
+    Think how little was the acorn
+        Whence that mighty tree was made.
+
+    Think how simple things and lowly
+        Have a part in Nature's plan;
+    How the great have small beginnings,
+        And the child becomes a man.
+
+    Little efforts work great actions;
+        Lessons in our childhood taught
+    Mold the spirits to the temper
+        Whereby noblest deeds are wrought.
+
+    Cherish then the gifts of childhood,
+        Use them gently, guard them well:
+    For their future growth and greatness
+        Who can measure, who can tell?
+
+    --_Colorado Arbor and Bird Day._
+
+
+
+
+    THE POPLAR FIELD.
+
+
+    The poplars are felled; farewell to the shade
+    And the whispering sound of the cool colonnade;
+    The winds play no longer and sing in the leaves,
+    Nor Ouse on his bosom their image receives.
+
+    Twelve years have elapsed since I first took a view
+    Of my favorite field, and the bank where they grew;
+    And now in the grass behold they are laid,
+    And the tree is my seat that once lent me their shade.
+
+    The blackbird has fled to another retreat,
+    Where the hazel affords him a screen from the heat;
+    And the scene where his melody charmed me before
+    Resounds with his sweet-flowing ditty no more.
+
+    My fugitive years are all hasting away,
+    And I must ere long lie as lowly as they,
+    With a turf on my breast and a stone at my head
+    Ere another such grove shall arise in its stead.
+
+    To change both my heart and my fancy employs;
+    I reflect on the frailty of man and his joys;
+    Short-lived as we are, yet our pleasures, we see,
+    Have a still shorter date, and die sooner than we.
+
+    --_Cowper._
+
+
+
+
+    IN THE ORCHARD.
+
+
+    Far down in the orchard I found her,
+        Her earnest eyes gazing aloft.
+    A baby hand waved me a warning,
+        A baby voice called to me--soft.
+
+    "Hush, mamma, don't frighten the birdies;
+        They're busy at work, don't you see?
+    A-picking the worms from the blossoms
+        A-growing on God's apple-tree!"
+
+    Ah, child, when thy life work is given,
+        God may not have great things for thee.
+    Be content if He sets thee to guarding
+        The blossoms upon His fruit tree.
+
+    Adelphi, Ohio.
+
+    --_Mary Nowlan Wittwer._
+
+
+
+
+    "THANK YOU" AND "AMEN".
+
+
+    When we were at Grandpa's house to dine,
+        He looked about with sober face;
+    Then clasps his hands and shuts his eyes,
+        And sister says he's saying grace.
+
+    He says long words that I don't know;
+        I'm only six years old--but then
+    I know two words he always says,
+        And one is "thanks" and one's "Amen."
+
+    While walking in my grandpa's woods
+        We saw a squirrel, big and gray;
+    He held a nut between his paws,
+        But did not eat it right away.
+
+    He closed his little shining eyes,
+        His hands raised just like grandpa's--then
+    I said, "O sister, keep real still,
+        He's saying "Thank you" and "Amen.""
+
+          *      *      *      *      *
+
+    "He that planteth a tree is a servant of God,
+    He provideth a kindness for many generations,
+    And faces that he hath not seen shall bless him."
+
+          *      *      *      *      *
+
+    One impulse from a vernal wood
+        May teach you more of man,
+    Of moral evil and of good,
+        Than all the sages can.
+
+
+[Illustration: A COUNTRY SCHOOL BUILDING.]
+
+[Illustration: SOUTH SALEM SCHOOL WITH HOUSE FOR SUPERINTENDENT, RENT
+FREE.]
+
+
+
+
+    SPRINGTIME.
+
+    AIR--"AULD LANG SYNE."
+
+
+    The Winter storms have passed away,
+        And Springtime now is here,
+    With sunshine smiling all around,
+        And heavens blue and clear.
+    The gifts of Nature brighten earth,
+        And Nature her garden gay;
+    They give a cheery greeting bright
+        On this, the Arbor Day.
+
+    The birds with gladsome voices sing,
+        Each its melodious lay,
+    And music swells each little throat
+        On this, the Arbor Day.
+    The trees put forth their greenest leaves,
+        On this, the Arbor Day.
+    And welcome now the chosen tree
+        Which we shall plant today.
+
+    _Ellen Beauchamp._
+
+
+
+
+    DO APPLE SEEDS POINT UP OR DOWN?
+
+
+    When teacher called the apple class, they gathered round to see
+    What question deep in apple lore their task that day might be.
+    "Now tell me," said the teacher, to little Polly Brown,
+    "Do apple seeds grow pointing up, or are they pointing down?"
+    Poor Polly didn't know, for she had never thought to look
+    (And that's the kind of question you can't find in a book.)
+    And of the whole big Apple class not one small pupil knew
+    If apple seeds point up or down! But then, my dear, do you?
+
+    --_Carolyn Wells in St. Nicholas._
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+    If Mother Nature patches
+    The leaves of trees and vines,
+    I'm sure she does her darning
+    With the needles of the pines.
+
+    They are so long and slender;
+    And sometimes in full view,
+    They have their thread of cobwebs
+    And thimbles made of dew.
+
+    --_William H. Hayne._
+
+
+
+
+    THE JOLLY OLD CROW.
+
+
+    On the limb of a tree sat a jolly old crow,
+        And chattered away with glee, with glee,
+    As he saw the old farmer go out to sow,
+        And he cried: "It's all for me, for me--
+            Caw, caw, caw!
+
+    I've learned all the tricks of this wonderful man,
+        Who has such a regard for the crow, the crow,
+    That he lays out his grounds in a regular plan,
+        And covers his corn in a row, a row--
+            Caw, caw, caw!"
+
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+
+
+    THEY'LL COME AGAIN.
+
+
+    They'll come again to the apple tree,
+        Robin and all the rest;
+    When the orchard branches are fair to see
+        In the snow of the blossoms dressed,
+    And the prettiest thing in the world will be
+        The building of the nest.
+
+
+
+
+    A PLUMP LITTLE GIRL AND A THIN LITTLE BIRD.
+
+
+    A plump little girl and a thin little bird
+        Were out in the meadow together.
+    "How cold that poor little bird must be
+    Without any clothes like mine," said she,
+        "Although it is sunshiny weather!"
+
+    "A nice little girl is that," piped he,
+    "But, oh, how cold she must be! For, see,
+        She hasn't a single feather!"
+    So each shivered to think of the other poor thing,
+        "Although it is sunshiny weather!"
+
+    --_M. M. Dodge._
+
+
+
+
+    HOW THE WOODPECKER KNOWS.
+
+
+    How does he know where to dig his hole,
+    The woodpecker there on the elm tree hole?
+    How does he know what kind of a limb
+    To use for a drum, and to burrow in?
+    How does he find where the young grubs grow--
+    I'd like to know?
+
+    The woodpecker flew to a maple limb,
+    And drummed a tattoo that was fun for him,
+    "No breakfast here! It's too hard for that."
+    He said, as down on his tail he sat,
+    "Just listen to this: rrrr rat-rat-tat."
+
+
+
+
+    Do you know when you wound any dear little bird,
+        Or take from its home-nest another,
+    That the cries of their anguish in heaven are heard,
+        That God pities those birds and their mother?
+
+    Do you know the same God made the birds and the boys,
+        And both for the very same reason,
+    That each life should be bright with its homes and its joys,
+        For each in its measure and season?
+
+    Do you know if you hark to the song in the air,
+        So sweet in the freshness of morning,
+    That the birds seem to sing, "We will trust to your care
+        To keep us from danger and mourning?"
+
+    Do you, if you'd listen with soul and with heart,
+        You never would ruffle a feather
+    Of the dear little birds that make our glad world a part,
+        For all are God's children together?
+
+
+
+
+    THE BOY'S PROTEST.
+
+
+    When a fellow knows every bird's nest
+        In the fields for miles around,
+    Where the squirrels play in the sunshine,
+        Where the prettiest flowers are found;
+    When he knows a pair of robins
+        That will fly to his hands for crumbs,
+    He hates to be penned in a school-room,
+        And he's glad when Saturday comes.
+
+    There's a bee-tree on the hillside,
+        But I'll not tell any one where;
+    There's a school of trout in the mill-stream,
+        And I want to go fishing there.
+
+    I know where an oriole's building,
+        And a log where a partridge drums,
+    And I'm going to the woods to see them,
+        As soon as Saturday comes.
+
+    They shouldn't keep school in the springtime,
+        When the world is so fresh and bright,
+    When you want to be fishing and climbing,
+        And playing from morn till night.
+    It's a shame to be kept in the school-room,
+        Writing and working out sums;
+    All week it's like being in prison,
+        And I'm glad when Saturday comes.
+
+    --_New York Independent._
+
+
+[Illustration: AN ANTWERP SCENE.]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+    THE ORIOLE'S SONG.
+
+
+    Tangled and green the orchard way,
+        Breath of blossoms, and waft of breeze;
+    Dew-wet vistas of breaking day,
+        Drifted snow on the drooping trees.
+
+    Through branching bloom, and mist of green,
+        Now here, now there, upon the wing,
+    Flame of oriole faintly seen--
+        Vision fair of the winsome spring.
+
+    A low-drawn cadence, thrilling, low,
+        A call, a charm unto the ear;
+    A forest brook in golden flow,
+        A love song to the waking year.
+
+    And all the gladness of a young May
+        Is touching with pathos at the strain;
+    The melting music of the lay
+        Our heart's deep secrets wakes again.
+
+    --_Sheila._
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-HEADED WOODPECKER.
+
+BY FLORENCE MERRIAM BAILEY.
+
+The National Association of Audubon Societies Educational Leaflet No.
+43.
+
+
+The Woodpeckers are a band of foresters most of whom spend their lives
+saving trees. Many of them do their work hidden in the dark forests,
+but the Red-heads hunt largely out in plain sight of passers-by. Why?
+Because, while they devour enough enemies of the trees to deserve the
+name of foresters, they are particularly fond of vegetable foods and
+large beetles found in the open.
+
+Watch one of the handsome Red-headed birds on a fence. Down he drops to
+pick up an ant or a grasshopper from the ground; then up he shoots to
+catch a wasp or beetle in the air. Nor does he stop with fly-catching.
+Nutting--beech-nutting--is one of his favorite pastimes; while berries,
+fruits and seeds are all to his taste. If, in his appreciation of the
+good things that man offers, the Red-head on rare occasions takes a bit
+more cultivated fruit or berries than his rightful share, his attention
+should be diverted by planting some of his favorite wild fruits, such
+as dogwood, mulberry, elderberry, chokecherry, or wild black cherry.
+
+But, in judging of what is a bird's fair share of man's crops, many
+things should be considered. Food is bought for the Canary and other
+house pets; and many people who do not care for caged pets buy food for
+the wild birds summer and winter, to bring them to their houses.
+Flowers cost something, too. But without birds and flowers, what would
+the country be? Before raising his hand against a bird, a man should
+think of many things. A man who is unfair to a bird is unfair to
+himself.
+
+[Sidenote: Feeding Habits.]
+
+It would be a stingy man, indeed, who would begrudge the Woodpeckers
+their acorns and beechnuts. While the leaves are still green on the
+trees, the Redheads discover the beechnuts and go to work. "It is a
+truly beautiful sight," Dr. Merriam says, "to watch these magnificent
+birds creeping about after the manner of Warblers, among the small
+branches and twigs, which bend low with their weight, while picking and
+husking the tender nuts."
+
+The nuts are not always eaten on the spot, for, like their famous
+California cousins, the Redheads store up food for winter use. All sorts
+of odd nooks and crannies serve the Redheads for storehouses--knot-holes,
+pockets under patches of raised bark, cracks between shingles and fences,
+and even railroad ties. Sometimes, instead of nuts, grasshoppers and other
+eatables are put away in storage. The wise birds at times make real caches,
+concealing their stores by hammering down pieces of wood or bark over them.
+
+Beechnuts are such a large part of the fall and winter food of the
+Redheads in some localities, that, like the gray squirrels, the birds
+are common in good beechnut winters and absent in others. Cold and snow
+do not trouble them, if they have plenty to eat, for, as Major Bendire
+says, many of them "winter along our northern border, in certain years,
+when they can find an abundant supply of food." In fact, in the greater
+part of the eastern states the Redhead is "a rather regular resident,"
+but in the western part of its range "It appears to migrate pretty
+regularly," so that it is rare to see one "North of latitude 40°, in
+winter." The western boundary of the Redhead's range is the Rocky
+Mountains, but east of the mountains it breeds from Manitoba and
+northern New York south to the Gulf of Mexico; though it is a rare bird
+in eastern New England.
+
+[Sidenote: Migration.]
+
+In sections where this erratic Woodpecker migrates, it leaves its
+nesting-grounds early in October, and returns the latter part of April
+or the beginning of May. Before too much taken up with the serious
+business of life, the Redhead goes gaily about, as Major Bendire says,
+"frolicking and playing hide-and-seek with its mate, and when not so
+engaged, amusing itself by drumming on some resonant dead limb, or on
+the roof and sides of houses, barns, etc." For though, like other
+drummers, the Woodpeckers are not found in the front ranks of the
+orchestra, they beat a royal tattoo that may well express many fine
+feelings.
+
+When the musical spring holiday is over and the birds have chosen a
+tree for the nest, they hew out a pocket in a trunk or branch, anywhere
+from eight to eighty feet from the ground. When the young hatch, there
+comes a happy day for the looker-on who, by kind intent and unobtrusive
+way, has earned the right to watch the lovely birds flying back and
+forth, caring for their brood.
+
+[Sidenote: Nest.]
+
+And then, at last, come the days when the gray-headed youngsters, from
+hanging out of the window, boldly open their wings and launch into the
+air. Anxious times these are for old birds,--times when the watcher's
+admiration may be roused by heroic deeds of parental love; for many a
+parent bird fairly flaunts in the face of the enemy, as if trying to
+say, "Kill me; spare my young!"
+
+One family of Redheads once gave me a delightful three weeks. When the
+old birds were first discovered, one was on a stub in a meadow. When
+joined by its mate, as the farmer was coming with oxen and hayrack to
+take up the rows of haycocks that led down the field, the pair flew
+slowly ahead along a line of locusts, pecking quietly at the bark of
+each tree before flying on. At the foot of the meadow they flew over to
+a small grove in the adjoining pasture.
+
+As it was July, it was easy to draw conclusions. And when I went to the
+grove to investigate, the pair were so much alarmed that they at once
+corroborated my conclusions. Did I mean harm? Why had I come? One of
+them leaned far down across a dead limb and inspected me, rattling and
+bowing nervously; the other stationed itself on the back of a branch
+over which it peered at me with one eye. Both of them cried
+krit-tar-rah every time I ventured to take a step. As they positively
+would not commit themselves as to which one of the many Woodpecker
+holes in sight belonged to them I had to make a tour of the grove.
+
+[Illustration: A SCHOOL EXHIBIT.]
+
+[Illustration: WAYNE TOWNSHIP CENTRALIZED SCHOOL LOCATED AT LEES CREEK,
+CLINTON COUNTY, OHIO.]
+
+On its edge was a promising old stub with a number of big, round holes
+and, picking up a stick, I rapped on the trunk. Both birds were over my
+head in an instant, rattling and scolding till you would have thought I
+had come to chop down the tree and carry off the young before their
+eyes. I felt injured, but having found the nest could afford to watch
+from a distance.
+
+It was not long before the old birds began feeding their young. They
+would fly to the stub and stand under the nest while rousing the brood
+by rattling into the hole, which had the odd effect of muffling their
+voices. When, as they flew back and forth a Yellow-hammer stopped in
+passing, they drove him off in a hurry. They wanted that grove to
+themselves.
+
+On my next visits, if, in spite of many precautions, they discovered
+me, they flew to dead tree tops to watch me, or startled me by an angry
+quarr´ quarr´ quarr´ over my head. When they found that I made no
+attempt to go near the nest, however, they finally put up with me and
+went about their business.
+
+After being at the nest together they would often fly off in opposite
+directions, to hunt on different beats. If one hunted in the grove, the
+other would go out to the rail fence. A high maple was a favorite
+lookout and hunting-ground for the one who stayed in the grove, and
+cracks in the bark afforded good places to wedge insects into. The bird
+who hunted on the fence, if suspecting a grub in a rail, would stand
+motionless as a Robin on the grass, apparently listening; but when the
+right moment came would drill down rapidly and spear the grub. If an
+insect passed that way the Redhead would make a sally into the air for
+it, sometimes shooting straight up for fifteen or twenty feet and
+coming down almost as straight; at others flying out and back in an
+ellipse, horizontally or obliquely up in the air or down over the
+ground. But oftener than all, perhaps, it flew down onto the ground to
+pick up something which its sharp eyes had discovered there. Once it
+brought up some insect, hit it against the rail, gave a business-like
+hop and flew off to feed its young.
+
+The young left the nest between my visits, but when, chancing to focus
+my glass on a passing Woodpecker I discovered that its head was gray
+instead of red, I knew for a certainty what had happened. The fledgling
+seemed already much at home on its wings. It flew out into the air,
+caught a white miller and went back to the tree with it, shaking it and
+then rapping it vigorously against a branch before venturing to swallow
+it. When the youngster flew, I followed rousing a Robin who made such
+an outcry that one of the old Redheads flew over in alarm. "Kik-a-rik,
+kik-a-rik," it cried as it hurried from tree to tree, trying to keep an
+eye on me while looking for the youngster. Neither of us could find it
+for some time, but after looking in vain over the west side of a big
+tree I rounded the trunk and found it calmly sitting on a branch on the
+east side--which goes to prove that it is never safe to say a
+Woodpecker isn't on a tree, till you have seen both sides!
+
+The old Redhead found the lost fledgling about the time that I did and
+flew over to it with what looked like a big grub. At the delectable
+sight, the youngster dropped all its airs of independence, and with
+weak infantile cries turned and opened wide its bill!
+
+Two days later I found two birds that may have been father and son, on
+the side of a gladpole, out in the big world together. The old bird's
+head glowed crimson in the strong sunlight, and it was fortunate indeed
+that only friends were by.
+
+The striking tricolor makes the Redheads such good targets that they
+are in especial danger from human enemies and need loyal, valiant
+defenders wherever they live. And what a privilege it is to have birds
+of such interesting habits and beautiful plumage in your neighborhood!
+How the long country roads are enlivened, how the green fields are lit
+up, as one of the brilliant birds rises from a fence-post and flies
+over them! In the city, it is rare good luck, indeed, to have a pair
+nest in an oak where you can watch them and even a passing glimpse or
+an occasional visit is something to be thankful for.
+
+"There's the Redhead!" you exclaim exultantly, when a loud tattoo beats
+on your city roof in spring. And "There's the Redhead!" you cry with
+delight, as a soft kikarik comes from a leafless oak you are passing in
+winter; and the city street, so dull and uninteresting before, is
+suddenly illumined by the sight.
+
+--_Reprinted from Bird-lore._
+
+
+
+
+    FOUR LEAF CLOVERS.
+
+
+    I know a place where the sun is like gold,
+        And the cherry blooms burst with snow,
+    And down underneath is the loveliest nook,
+        Where the four-leaf clovers grow.
+
+    One leaf is for hope, and one is for faith,
+        And one is for love, you know,
+    But God put another in for luck--
+        If you search, you will find where they grow.
+
+    But you must have hope, and you must have faith,
+        You must love and be strong, and so
+    If you work, if you wait, you will find the place
+        Where the four-leaf clovers grow.
+
+    --_Ella Higginson._
+
+
+
+
+    THE FLOWER FOLK.
+
+
+    Hope is like a harebell trembling from its birth,
+    Love is like a rose the joy of all the earth;
+    Faith is like a lily lifted high and white,
+    Love is like a lovely rose, the world's delight;
+    Harebells and sweet lilies show a thornless growth
+    But the rose with all its thorns excels them both.
+
+    --_Christina G. Rossetti._
+
+
+
+
+    ARBOR DAY MARCH.
+
+    AIR--"MARCHING THROUGH GEORGIA."
+
+
+    Celebrate the Arbor Day
+      With march and song and cheer,
+    For the season comes to us
+      But once in every year;
+    Should we not remember it,
+      And make the memory dear,
+    Memories sweet for this May day.
+
+    CHORUS.
+
+    Hurrah! Hurrah! The Arbor Day is here;
+    Hurrah! Hurrah! It gladdens every year,
+    So we plant a young tree on blithesome Arbor Day,
+    While we are singing for gladness.
+
+
+
+
+    ARBOR DAY SONG.
+
+    (AIR: HOLD THE FORT.)
+
+
+    Friends and parents gather with us,
+      In our school today,
+    Thoughts of grove and tangled wildwoods,
+      In our minds hold sway.
+
+    CHORUS.
+
+    Spare the trees, Oh thoughtless woodman,
+      Hew but what you need,
+    They give balm to vagrant breezes,
+      For their lives we plead.
+
+    Giant oaks in sunny pastures
+      Cast their pleasant shade
+    Maples clad in gold and crimson
+      Cheer the darkened glade.
+
+    Lofty firs and murmuring pine trees
+      Shading mountain's crest,
+    Are the growth of weary ages;
+      For them we protest.
+
+    Heralded in leafy banners,
+      Season's four we greet;
+    Every bough a sacred temple
+      For the song birds sweet.
+
+    --_Iowa Special Days._
+
+
+
+
+    WE LOVE THE TREES.
+
+    (TUNE: "THERE'S MUSIC IN THE AIR.")
+
+
+    We love the grand old trees,
+      With the Oak, their royal king,
+    And the Maple, forest queen,
+      We to her homage bring;
+    And the Elm, with stately form,
+    Long withstanding wind and storm,
+    Pine, low whispering to the breeze,
+    O, we love the grand old trees!
+
+    We love the grand old trees,
+      The Cedar, bright above the snow,
+    The Poplar, straight and tall,
+      And the Willow, weeping low,
+    Butternut and Walnut, too,
+    Hickory, so staunch and true,
+    Basswood, blooming for the bees,
+    O, we love the grand old trees!
+
+    We love the grand old trees,
+      The Tulip, branching broad and high,
+    The Beech, with shining robe,
+      And the Birch, so sweet and shy,
+    Aged Chestnuts, fair to see,
+    Holly, bright with Christmas glee,
+    Laurel, crown for victories,
+    O, we love the grand old trees!
+
+    --_Ada S. Sherwood, in Journal of Education._
+
+
+
+
+    RECITATION.
+
+
+    Do you know the trees by name
+      When you see them growing
+    In the fields or in the woods?
+      They are well worth knowing.
+
+    Watch them in the early spring,
+      When their buds are swelling;
+    Watch each tiny little leaf
+      Leave its little dwelling.
+
+    Watch them later, when their leaves
+      Everywhere are showing;
+    Soon you'll know the different trees
+      When you see them growing.
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+
+
+    GOIN' BAREFOOTED.
+
+
+    It's more fun goin' barefoot than anythin' I know,
+    There ain't a single 'nother thing that helps your feelin's so.
+    Some days I stay in muvver's room, a-gettin' in her way,
+    An' when I've bothered her so much, she sez, "Oh, run and play!"
+    I say, "Kin I go barefoot?" En she sez, "If y' choose."
+    Nen I alwuz wanter holler when I'm pullin' off my shoes!
+
+    It's fun a-going barefoot when yer playin' any game,
+    'Cause robbers would be noisy, an' Indians awful tame
+    Unless they had their shoes off when they crep' up in the night,
+    An' folks can't know they're comin' till they get right close in sight.
+    An' I'm surely goin' barefoot every day when I get old,
+    An' haven't got a nurse to say I'll catch my death of cold.
+
+    An' if you're goin' barefoot, yer want to go outdoors;
+    Y' can't stretch out an' dig yer heels in stupid, hardwood floors,
+    Like you can dig 'em in th' dirt. An' where th' long grass grows,
+    Th' blades feel kinder tickley and cool between yer toes.
+    So when I'm pullin' off my shoes I'm mighty 'fraid I'll cough,
+    'Cause then I know Ma'd stop me 'fore I got my stockin's off.
+
+    If y' often go 'round barefoot there's lots o' things to know--
+    Of how to curl yer feet on stones, so they won't hurt y' so;
+    An' when th' grass is stickley, an' pricks y' at a touch,
+    Jes' plank yer feet down solid, an' it don't hurt half so much;
+    I lose my hat mos' every day--I wish I did my shoes;
+    Er else I wisht I was so poor I hadn't none to lose!
+
+    --_Burges Johnson, in "Harper's Magazine."_
+
+
+
+
+    The year's at the spring,
+    And day's at the morn;
+    Morning's at seven;
+    The hill-sides dew pearled:
+    The larks on the wing:
+    The snails on the thorn;
+    God's in his heaven--
+    All's right with the world!
+
+    --_Browning._
+
+
+
+
+    In fact there is nothing that keeps its youth
+    So far as I know, but a tree and truth.
+
+    --_O. W. Holmes._
+
+
+
+
+    There's never a leaf or a blade too mean
+    To be some creature's palace.
+
+    --_Lowell._
+
+
+
+
+    TIME TO RISE.
+
+
+    A birdie with a yellow bill
+    Hopped upon the window sill.
+    Cocked his shining eye and said:
+    "Ain't you 'shamed, you sleepy-head!"
+
+
+
+
+Flowers are the sweetest things God ever made and forgot to put a soul
+into.
+
+--_Beecher._
+
+
+
+
+The best verses I have printed are the trees I have planted.
+
+--_Holmes._
+
+
+
+    There was never mystery
+      But 'tis figured in the flowers;
+    Was never secret history
+      But birds tell it in the bowers.
+
+    --_Emerson._
+
+
+[Illustration: OUR SHY NEIGHBOR.]
+
+
+
+
+THE WISEACRES OF THE FOREST.
+
+_From Nature and Culture._
+
+
+So many have an idea that bird-life does not blossom out until the
+flowers do, and that our shy neighbors do not wake to life and joy and
+song until the warm breezes of spring have chased to the realm of
+memory winter's cold and snow. Several weeks of wandering through the
+woods during the months of January and February taught me that to him
+who has time to devote, and that amount of patience which enables a
+hunter to rise at three in the morning, crawl through wet, tangled
+swamp-grass in the cold and snow, and then sit shivering for hours in a
+"hide" awaiting the ducks, there will be shots, camera shots, replete
+with interest and full of instruction; revelations of a world's
+population little known because of their unobtrusive life. They who
+lead the "simple life" may not make as much stir in the world as some
+others we know: but never make the mistake of thinking the life one
+lacking in interest. These "little journeys" of mine were for the
+purpose of prying into the secrets of our friends "the owls." As far
+back as the uncovered picture-writing of the ancients, Mr. Owl has been
+the synonym for wisdom. Does he deserve the title?
+
+As company lends interest, I was accompanied by a friend who took equal
+delight in these jaunts; and off we started one fourteenth of January.
+For some six miles we tramped along the Kaw Valley, in Kansas, ever on
+the lookout for trees with large hollow trunks or broken limbs. Now, if
+any one believes an owl is entirely a night-bird, let him follow in my
+footsteps, and he will learn a thing or two. These are some of the
+mysteries of "the wild." Entering a spot of the forest where the banks
+of the stream were lined thickly on both sides with trees, both large
+and small, we seated ourselves for a time to rest and to watch. Like
+Egyptian darkness, the quiet was of a kind to be felt, but it did not
+long remain this way. Suddenly the strange quiet was broken by a
+fierce, angry call of a crow. Now, where did he come from, and why this
+display of anger? Possibly at our intrusion; yet this could hardly be,
+as it was far too early in the season for the crow to be nesting.
+Before we had time to settle our question the stillness was further
+broken by several shrill answers, and into the branchy arena came other
+crows. These were followed by others, and still others. Surely we were
+not the cause of all this disturbance. Finally there were no less than
+two dozen crows flying around a large tree with a broken top, and
+making a clatter that would have put a boiler factory to shame. One
+could easily imagine it to be a congress of crows exorcised over an
+insurgency move and demanding the previous question. Then came the
+solution of the mystery. In dignified yet rapid flight a huge owl
+dropped from a limb on the other side of the stump, and with a flight
+as silent as the grave winged her way into the deeper woods followed by
+that rabble of noisy, cawing crows. It seemed strange that the owl did
+not turn upon her tormentors; she who had talons long, strong, and
+sharp; a beak that could easily make its impression upon a pine stick;
+but her reputed wisdom here led her to know that safety lay in flight,
+as her size would be her undoing; that the crow would find many points
+of attack ere she could turn around. Safety lay in flight and shelter
+where the crows could not reach her, and would finally caw themselves
+hoarse and tired, and at last depart. Many times have I watched these
+actions on the part of the owls and crows, and always with the same
+results. Not alone the larger, but also the smaller owls adopt the same
+course of action to escape their tormentors. This leads me to believe
+that this partly accounts for their foraging at night.
+
+[Illustration: NEST OF BARRED OWL.]
+
+We now turned our attention to the tree--truly a monarch of the "forest
+primeval"--a huge sycamore, about five feet in diameter at the base,
+with few limbs to aid in climbing. But we simply must get up to that
+hollow, and after much effort success was ours; and there, deep down in
+the hole, on a bed of warm chips and half-rotted punky wood, all nicely
+cuddled up, lay two little fluffy white baby owls--young hoot owls. As
+it takes about four weeks for incubation, and these babies were fully a
+week old, nesting must have begun at least in the middle of December.
+Much depends on the winter; this one having been very mild. In fact, I
+have noticed that birds are quite accurate weather prophets, were we
+only skilled enough to read their predictions. But it is always safe, I
+find, to be early in the field. And now came our first disappointment.
+It was impossible to secure a picture of the nest and baby owls, owing
+to the unfavorable position of the tree and nest; so, taking a farewell
+look at the place, we returned, hoping for better luck next time.
+
+[Illustration: NEST AND EGGS OF SCREECH OWL.]
+
+The following week we were out and at it again, and were more fortunate
+in that we discovered the home of another owl, similar in shape, but
+smaller, and differently marked. This was the barred owl, so called
+because of its markings. Here, again, the nest was up quite a ways, and
+difficult to get to. After much trouble we cut down a small tree and
+hoisted it into the larger tree so that it came near the hole where the
+nest was. This enabled me to get above the nest, so that I could swing
+down to the hole by a rope and get a view of the nest and contents.
+After many attempts I succeeded in snapping two or three negatives, one
+of which turned out fairly good and accompanies this article. Every
+move I made while taking the pictures was punctuated by hoots of anger
+and disgust by the mother owl, who had flown to a nearby tree, until
+she aroused the attention of some ever-observant crows; then she had
+all she could do taking care of herself and getting rid of her
+tormentors. If ever a free matinee in birdland was billed, it occurred
+that afternoon.
+
+The weeks now slowly passed without further success. One must have
+patience, much patience, in birdland. It may take years to secure what
+will prove satisfactory views of some species. Many snaps, when taken,
+prove undesirable after development, and each week adds to the
+uncertainty of finding anything "at home" when next you come. While the
+percentage of successful incubation is fairly large, yet the numerous
+enemies of the feathered tribe make the uncertainty of life in birdland
+quite noticeable.
+
+[Illustration: BABY SCREECH OWLS.]
+
+The time was now ripe for us to turn our attention to the little
+screech owls; a small but interesting and valuable species. Here I
+found a marked difference. Any small hole or cavity suits their fancy.
+Generally speaking, it must be small enough to exclude larger birds or
+animals that might prey upon them; but at times their boasted wisdom
+seemingly forsakes them, and they take up with any habitation. I have
+known them to nest in boxes in shade-trees and in bird-houses under the
+eaves of the barn. On this trip I found a fresh set of eggs in an old
+hollow stump formerly made by and used as the nesting-place of the
+yellow-shafted woodpecker. Mrs. Owl was at home, and very much disliked
+being disturbed. Unlike the larger owls, she refused to fly away, and I
+had to lift her repeatedly from the eggs that I might take the picture.
+As sometimes happens, the negative was a failure; and returning the
+next week to try for better luck, I found safely curled up within the
+cavity an opossum. The eggs and mother bird were not in evidence, and
+the "possum" told no tales. Similar experiences have often occurred to
+me when I have returned for better views or to follow up a certain line
+of study.
+
+The next nest of this species I found in a large hollow limb, which in
+falling had lodged crosswise in a tree. It was rather a queer place for
+a screech owl, but, I presume, suited her fancy. However, it was
+favorably located, and if successful I could at least follow up the
+process of nature; and this is just what I did. The only change made
+was in bringing the eggs, and later the young, forward from the recess
+of the cavity to insure better light. I wished to also take the parent
+bird upon the nest; but in this case they were perverse, and refused to
+be taken. One of the birds decided that he did not wish to be taken,
+and after repeated trials I concluded he knew best, and gave over the
+attempt. I also took the most courageous one and posed him on the stump
+of the tree. The result is not altogether satisfactory, but is
+interesting.
+
+[Illustration: NEST AND EGGS OF LONG-EARED OWL.]
+
+My next acquisition was the long-eared owl. With camera and tripod
+strapped upon the bicycle I started upon a ride of some fifteen miles,
+which brought me to an old nursery, abandoned, overgrown, and wild.
+Here, in a much-neglected fir grove I found the nests and eggs of this
+variety. The first taken was in a pine. Climbing an adjacent tree, I
+located myself about five feet from the nest, and after carefully
+securing and focussing the camera, secured the view. My second I found
+later in the day in an apple tree. The tree was in bloom, but not
+leaved out, and offered but scant hide or protection for the nest.
+Indeed I, at first, took it for an old crow's nest, and was about to
+pass on, when up over the rim of the nest bobbed two long ear-like
+tufts--whence the bird gets its name. Approaching the tree, the mother
+quietly left, and as long as I was in that vicinity I saw nothing
+further of her. The long-eared owl is not very particular in the choice
+of her nesting-place. They will often build in a communal manner,
+several pairs selecting a fir grove or other suitable place; and here
+you will find the nests quite near together. Again, they will be
+isolated in location; one here, and another quite a distance away, as
+the notion strikes them. The nest also seems to vary with their state
+of mind. At times they will build a very elaborate structure of their
+own; then, again, they take up with an old crow's nest or the summer
+nest of a squirrel, and with very little patching up make this answer
+their purpose. Because of this variability on their part, it is not an
+easy matter to locate an occupied nest.
+
+[Illustration: ELABORATE NEST OF LONG-EARED OWL.]
+
+One more, and I am done with the owls. The securing of this was of
+great interest to me, not alone for the sake of the picture, but
+because it settled two questions on which I had long been in doubt. At
+the time of which I now write I was living in an Indian school, and
+previous to this all my ideas of Indians and Indian life had been
+gathered from Cooper. Near the school was a large village of prairie
+dogs covering something like ten acres of ground. One day I saw a small
+species of owl flying around and lighting on the different mounds. I
+immediately knew it to be the burrowing owl; but where among all those
+thousand and more holes to dig for her was a question I could not
+answer. To assist me, I brought the supposed craft of the red man's
+children to bear; but of no avail. Not one of over two hundred could
+give me the least ray of light. Then I got down to principles and
+discovered that there were some mounds around which were scattered
+butterflies' and grasshoppers' legs and wings, parts of frogs and
+toads, and the little pellets usually ejected by owls in the process of
+digestion. I also found that these mounds were invariably covered by an
+animal compost gathered from the surrounding prairie. I resolved to put
+my theory to the test by digging into one of these holes. Here the
+Indian boy was a great help, as he thoroughly knew his verb "to dig." I
+followed the hole down through hardpan to a depth of three feet, and
+back for over ten feet, where at last I found Mrs. Owl sitting on her
+nest of fresh eggs. Here I took her picture while her large round eyes
+followed my every move as I focused and snapped her. It was while
+investigating this subject that I also exploded a somewhat common
+belief that prairie dogs, owls, and rattlesnakes live together in the
+same quarters in perfect amity. This is not the case. If they are ever
+found together it is either an accident unknown to one or the other
+party, or one of three has purposely crawled into the other's home for
+deeds dark and evil.
+
+Altogether the experiences gained amply repaid me for the effort spent.
+These visits to the silent ones were payments ample enough in
+themselves, but my closer acquaintance with a very interesting family
+made them doubly so. I find that the owl is one of our best and most
+valuable friends, destroying during a season much of the troublesome
+animal population that injures the agricultural interests of the land.
+If careless boys and indifferent "others" could get this fact well
+grounded and use some other mark in target practice, all parties would
+be better off and much good gained. To take any life is ill, but to
+take good life is crime.
+
+
+[Illustration: BURROWING OWL AND HER EGGS.]
+
+
+
+
+    THE JAYS.
+
+
+    "I know an old man,
+      His name is Jay,
+    He wears a blue coat,
+      And a hat of gray.
+
+    He has a nice nest
+      High up in a tree,
+    Where sits his dear mate
+      Content as can be.
+
+    There are four blue eggs
+      In the little brown nest,
+    Which will soon be baby birds
+      Blue, like the rest."
+
+
+
+
+    ADDRESS OF THE BIRDS.
+
+    AN EXERCISE FOR FIVE PUPILS.
+
+
+    _The Robin_--
+
+    "I am a robin, very brown
+    And big and plump and smooth and round.
+    My breast is pretty, bright and red
+    And see this top-knot on my head!
+    I heard the boys awhile ago
+    Shooting robins o'er the snow,
+    And flew away in trembling fear
+    And thought I'd hide from them in here.
+
+    _The Blue Bird_--
+
+    I'm a blue bird. Don't you see
+    Me sitting on this apple-tree,
+    I left my nest an hour ago
+    To look for bugs and worms, you know;
+    And now I know the very thing--
+    That while I'm waiting I will sing,
+    Oh! beautiful and balmy spring.
+
+    _The Woodpecker_--
+
+    I'm a woodpecker--a bird
+    Whose sound through wood and dale is heard.
+    I tap, tap, tap, with noisy glee,
+    To test the bark of every tree.
+    I saw a rainbow stretching gay,
+    Across the sky, the other day;
+    And some one said, "Good-bye to rain,
+    The woodpecker has come again."
+
+    _The Lark_--
+
+    I'm the lark and early rise
+    To greet the sun-god of the skies,
+    And upright cleave the freshening air,
+    To sail in regions still more fair.
+    Who could not soar on lusty wing,
+    His Maker's praises thus to sing?
+
+    _The Nightingale_--
+
+    In music I excel the lark,
+    She comes at dawn, I come at dark,
+    And when the stars are shining bright,
+    I sing the praises of the night.
+
+    _In Concert_--
+
+    Oh! in a chorus sweet we'll sing,
+    And wake the echoes of the spring."
+
+
+
+
+    LITTLE BY LITTLE.
+
+
+    "Little by little," the acorn said,
+    As it slowly sank in its mossy bed,
+    "I am improving every day,
+    Hidden deep in the earth away."
+    Little by little each day it grew;
+    Little by little it sipped the dew;
+    Downward it sent out a threadlike root;
+    Up in the air sprung a tiny shoot,
+    Day after day, and year after year,
+    Little by little the leaves appear;
+    And the slender branches spread far and wide,
+    Till the mighty oak is the forest's pride.
+
+    "Little by little," said the thoughtful boy,
+    "Moment by moment, I'll well employ,
+    Learning a little every day,
+    And not misspending my time in play;
+    Whatever I do I will do it well.
+    Little by little, I'll learn to know
+    The treasured wisdom of long ago;
+    And one of these days, perhaps, will see
+    That the world will be the better for me."
+
+    --_Selected._
+
+
+
+
+    A LITTLE POLLYWOG.
+
+
+    "A tiny little pollywog,
+      And little brothers three,
+    Lived in the water near a log,
+      As happy as could be.
+    A-swimming, swimming all the day,
+      A-sleeping all the night,
+    And trying, though they were so gay,
+      To do just what was right;
+    A-growing, growing all the while,
+      Because they did their best;
+    But I am afraid that you will smile
+      When I tell you the rest.
+
+    One morning, sitting on the log,
+      They looked in mute surprise;
+    Four legs had every pollywog,
+      Where two had met their eyes.
+    Their mother, letting fall a tear,
+      Said, "Oh, my pollywogs,
+    It can't be you that sitting here!"
+      For all of them were frogs.
+    And with their legs they've grown some lungs;
+      So you just wait and see.
+    In summer time their little tongues
+      Will sing 'Kachink' with glee."
+
+    --_School Education._
+
+
+
+
+    AN ARBOR DAY TREE.
+
+
+    Dear little tree that we plant today
+    What will you be when we're old and gray?
+    "The savings bank of the squirrel and mouse,
+    For robin and wren an apartment house,
+    The dressing-room of the butterfly's ball,
+    The locust's and katydid's concert hall,
+    The school-boy's ladder in pleasant June,
+    The school-girl's tent in the July noon.
+    And my leaves shall whisper them merrily,
+    A tale of the children who planted me."
+
+    --_From The Intelligence._
+
+
+
+
+    THE ROBIN AND THE FLOWER.
+
+
+    A Robin once sat in the bright winter's sun,
+        A foolish red robin was he,
+    For he sang a sweet song that springtime had come
+        When the day was as cold as could be.
+
+    So gay was his song of the warmth of the hour,
+        So merrily babbled the sound,
+    That it stole through the dream of a dear little flower
+        Who was slumbering under the ground.
+
+    The sleeper awakened, soft lifted the sod
+        And harkened the robin's sweet song,
+    Full glad was her heart and thankful to God
+        That winter so quickly had gone.
+
+    The robin still sang and the dear little flower
+        Unfolded her petals of pink:--
+    "I'll hold up my chalice," she said, "for a shower
+        That from me my robin may drink."
+
+    The singer flew quickly to welcome his love,--
+        His love that was faltering low:--
+    Oh, where was the warmth from the heaven above?
+        Instead of a shower there was snow.
+
+    Then robin quick covered her o'er with his wing,
+        "Don't leave me, I love you," he cried:
+    And he kissed her so tenderly, poor little thing,
+        But the blossom, his loved one, had died.
+
+    Red robin still sits in the bright winter's sun,
+        But a sorrowing robin is he;
+    No longer he sings that the springtime has come
+        When the day is as cold as can be.
+
+    --_Charles A. Myall._
+
+
+
+
+    Give fools their gold and knaves their power;
+      Let fortune's bubbles rise and fall;
+    Who sows a field, or trains a flower
+      Or plants a tree is more than all.
+    For he who blesses most is blest;
+      And God and man shall own his worth
+    Who toils to leave as his bequest
+      An added beauty to the earth.
+
+    --_Whittier._
+
+
+
+
+BIRD PUZZLE.
+
+
+ 1. There's a bird whose name tells if he flies fast or slow,
+
+ 2. One which boys use when with long strides they go,
+
+ 3. There is one that tells tales, although he can't sing,
+
+ 4. And one who flies high, but is held by a string.
+
+ 5. By one a high rank in the army is held;
+
+ 6. There's another whose name with one letter is spelled.
+
+ 7. There is one that a farmer in harvest would use;
+
+ 8. And one you can easily fool if you choose.
+
+ 9. What bird, at dessert, is it useful to hold?
+
+10. And which in the chimney place oft hung of old?
+
+11. Which bird wears a bit of sky in its dress?
+
+12. Which one always stands in the corner at chess?
+
+13. There is one built a church, of London the pride;
+
+14. We have one when we talk with a friend by our side.
+
+15. What bird would its bill find useful at tea,
+
+16. And which would its tail use to steer with at sea?
+
+17. Which proudly a musical instrument wears?
+
+18. And which the same name as a small island bears?
+
+19. Which bird is called foolish and stupid and silly?
+
+20. And which always wanting to punish poor Billy?
+
+21. Which bird is an artisan, works at his trade?
+
+22. And which is the stuff of which flags are made?
+
+23. One, we're told by the poet, at Heaven's gate sings;
+
+24. There's one which in Holland the new baby brings.
+
+25. What bird have we with us in eating and drinking?
+
+26. One, used for a fence, you can say without thinking.
+
+27. What bird is a scoffer, a scorner, a jest?
+
+28. Which one is too lazy to build her own nest?
+
+29. From a high wind at evening one name is inferred.
+
+30. Guess these, and you're wise as Minerva's own bird.
+
+
+
+
+ANSWERS TO BIRD PUZZLE.
+
+
+ 1. Swift
+
+ 2. Stilt
+
+ 3. Tatler
+
+ 4. Kite
+
+ 5. Adjutant
+
+ 6. Jay
+
+ 7. Thrasher
+
+ 8. Gull
+
+ 9. Nut-cracker
+
+10. Crane
+
+11. Blue Bird
+
+12. Rook
+
+13. Wren
+
+14. Chat
+
+15. Spoon-Bill
+
+16. Rudder-duck
+
+17. Lyre-bird
+
+18. Canary
+
+19. Loon
+
+20. Whippoorwill
+
+21. Weaver
+
+22. Bunting
+
+23. Lark
+
+24. Stork
+
+25. Swallow
+
+26. Rail
+
+27. Mocking bird
+
+28. Cuckoo
+
+29. Nightingale
+
+30. Owl
+
+
+
+
+    THE CATBIRD.
+
+
+    He sits on the branch of yon blossoming tree,
+        This mad-cap cousin of Robin and Thrush,
+    And sings without ceasing the whole morning long;
+        Now wild, now tender, the wayward song
+    That flows from his soft gray, fluttering throat;
+        But oft he stops in his sweetest note,
+    And shaking a flower from the blossoming bough,
+        Drawls out: "Mi-eu, mi-ow!"
+
+    --_Edith M. Thomas._
+
+
+
+
+    THE MOCKING BIRD.
+
+
+    He didn't know much music
+        When first he come along;
+    An' all the birds went wonderin'
+        Why he didn't sing a song.
+
+    They primed their feathers in the sun,
+        An' sung their sweetest notes;
+    An' music jest come on the run
+        From all their purty throats!
+
+    But still that bird was silent
+        In summer time an' fall;
+    He jest set still an' listened
+        An' he wouldn't sing at all!
+
+    But one night when them songsters
+        Was tired out an' still,
+    An' the wind sighed down the valley
+        An' went creepin' up the hill;
+
+    When the stars was all a-tremble
+        In the dreamin' fields o' blue,
+    An' the daisy in the darkness
+        Felt the fallin' o' the dew,--
+
+    There come a sound o' melody
+        No mortal ever heard,
+    An' all the birds seemed singin'
+        From the throat o' one sweet bird!
+
+    Then the other birds went playin'
+        In a land too fur to call;
+    Fer there warn't no use in stayin'
+        When one bird could sing fer all!
+
+    --_Frank L. Stanton._
+
+
+[Illustration: The Buckeye State]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Ohio Arbor Day 1913: Arbor and Bird
+Day Manual, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARBOR DAY ***
+
+***** This file should be named 23029-8.txt or 23029-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/0/2/23029/
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.