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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 70, March 1, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 70, March 1, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 26, 2007 [EBook #23204]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{161}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 70.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 1. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+
+  A Word to the Literary Men of England, by K. R. H.
+  Mackenzie                                                   161
+
+  The Essay on Satire, by Bolton Corney                       162
+
+  Macklin's Ordinary and School of Criticism, by Dr. E.
+  F. Rimbault                                                 163
+
+  "Love's Labour's Lost"                                      163
+
+  Notes on Newspapers, by H. M. Bealby                        164
+
+  Mr. Gough's Translation of the History of the Bible         165
+
+  Minor Notes:--Origin of Harlequins--Monosyllables--
+  The Breeches, or Geneva Bible--Etymology of
+  Mushroom--Curious Fact in Natural History--Hudibras
+  in 1710--The Great Exhibition                               165
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  The Ten Commandments, by Rev. A. Gatty                      166
+
+  Minor Queries:--Was Hugh Peters ever on the Stage?--
+  English Synonymes--Christmas Day--A Coggeshall
+  Job--"Saffron Walden, God help me"--T. Gilburt
+  on Clandestine Marriages--Father Hehl, and Cahagnet--
+  Roman Catholic Bishops in Ireland--Derivation of
+  the Word Fib--Thomas May, the Author of the Supplement
+  to Lucan--Bunting's Irish Melodies--Rudbeck,
+  Campi Elysii--Prince of Wales' Motto--Borrow's
+  Danish Ballads--Head of the Saviour--Lines
+  on English History--The Sword Flamberg--Denarius
+  Philosophorum--"Sees Good in everything"--Oxford
+  Friar's Voyage to the North Pole--Roman
+  Catholic Church--Cor Linguæ, &c.                            166
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Cardinal's Monument                                         169
+
+  Booty's Case                                                170
+
+  The Conquest, by C. H. Cooper                               170
+
+  Descent of Henry IV., by J. B. Colman                       171
+
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Chauncy--Entwysel--
+  "Pretended" Reprint of Ancient Poetry--Lights on
+  the Altar--Cognation of the Jews and Lacedæmonians--
+  Queen Mary's Lament--Tandem D. O. M.                        171
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      173
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                174
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                   174
+
+  Advertisements                                              174
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+A WORD TO THE LITERARY MEN OF ENGLAND.
+
+    "_Twenty scholars in seven years might retrieve the worst losses we
+    experience from the bigotry of popes and califs._ I do not intend to
+    assert that every Herculanean manuscript might, within that period, be
+    unfolded; but the three first legible sentences might be; which is
+    quite sufficient to inform the intelligent reader whether a farther
+    attempt on the scroll would repay his trouble. _There are fewer than
+    thirty Greek authors worth inquiring for; they exist, beyond doubt, and
+    beyond doubt they may, by attention, patience, and skill, be brought to
+    light._ * * With a _smaller_ sum than is annually expended on the
+    appointment of some silly and impertinent young envoy, we might restore
+    _all_, or _nearly all_ those writers of immortal name, whose
+    disappearance has been the regret of genius for four entire centuries.
+    In my opinion, a _few thousand pounds_, laid out on such an
+    undertaking, would be laid out as creditably as on a Persian carpet or
+    a Turkish tent."--Landor's _Imaginary Conversations--Southey and
+    Porson--Works_, vol. i. p. 20.
+
+I call upon the literary men of England, upon the English government, and
+upon the public, to set the example in a glorious expedition, which, even
+in this age of wonders, is one of no little importance and magnitude. I
+conjure them to bear in mind the words I have placed at the head of this
+article,--the opinion of one of our best and most delightful authors. This
+opinion Mr. Landor, veiled under the eidolon of Porson, I feel assured,
+does not hold alone; I believe it to be engraven on the "red-leaved
+tablets" of the hearts of many more learned and more distinguished scholars
+than myself, who am but as the trumpet which is to rouse the friends of
+classical literature to action; as the bell which awakens the reaper to his
+abundant harvest: but I will sustain, that on none of them is it cut more
+deeply or more inextinguishably than on mine.
+
+I propose that the friends of Classical, Scandinavian, and Oriental
+literature form themselves into an Association for the Rescue of the many
+ancient MSS. in the Greek, Latin, Anglo-Saxon, Norwegian, Zend, Sanscrit,
+Hebrew, Abyssinian, Ethiopian, Hindostanee, Persian, Syriac, Arabic,
+Armenian, Coptic, Turkish, and Chinese languages:--that application be made
+to government for the pecuniary furtherance of this enterprise;--and that
+the active co-operation of all foreign literary men be secured.[1]
+
+Thus a careful and untiring search may be entered upon in all the regions
+of the earth where any MSS. are likely to be found, and the recovery or
+loss of the many inestimable authors of antiquity be made certain. Let the
+libraries of Europe be examined strictly and inquisitorially (and this will
+not be a heavy expense), and the new accessions to classical literature
+printed, the MSS. {162} which present themselves of already known authors
+carefully examined, and the variations to the received text marked. How
+much this is wanted we experience in the corruptions of Sophocles,
+Æschylus, Thucydides, Plato, and Aristoteles! In this way much that is
+valuable may be recovered; much that is matter of discussion set at rest.
+Let me instance the Babrian fables, and the discovery of Mr. Harris at
+Alexandria; who, it was remarked to me, might have discovered the whole,
+instead of a part, had proper hands unfolded the mummy.
+
+On the advantages of this search, it were useless to expatiate: every one
+is sensible of it, and, sooner or later, it _must_ occur. Let us not allow
+our grandchildren to surpass us in everything, but let us set about this
+ourselves. Monstrous as the idea seems, it is simple of execution.
+
+I will not take up the space so kindly afforded me by the Editor of "NOTES
+AND QUERIES" with speculation. The Association should be composed of a
+Literary Section and a Business Section: the first to be under the
+administration of a President and an efficient Board of Examiners, to look
+into literary matters, and examine and appoint the proper officers of the
+Investigation Parties; which parties must be composed of clever,
+adventurous, hardy, and adroit men, obtaining the assistance of the natives
+wherever they may be carrying on their researches; the Second Section to be
+under the direction of a Chairman and Finance Committee, to which the
+officers of the subordinate departments render their accounts.
+
+I know not whether more will be required of me on this subject; very likely
+not: but I reserve much that I could say, until that time. I have now only
+to thank the Editor for inserting this long, but I will not say, wholly
+uninteresting proposal.
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+  February 18. 1851.
+
+[Footnote 1: I need not remind you how favourable an opportunity is
+presented by this year.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ESSAY ON SATIRE.
+
+Dryden, as sir Walter Scott observes, left a name in literature "second
+only to those of Milton and Shakspere"; but, popular as his writings were,
+he gave no collective edition of his poetical or dramatic works. The
+current editions of his poems may therefore be open to censure, both on the
+score of deficiency and redundancy--and such I believe to be the fact.
+
+An _Essay on satire_, itself a coarse satire, has been ascribed to him for
+more than a century on dubious authority, and the correctness of this
+ascription has been properly suggested as a question for examination.
+
+We have to decide on the credibility of two opposite statements, as made in
+the publications about to be enumerated:--
+
+    1. "The works of John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave, marquis of Normanby,
+    and duke of Buckingham. LONDON: printed for John Barber, 1723. 4º. 2
+    vols."
+
+    2. "The works of John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave, marquis of Normanby,
+    and duke of Buckingham. Printed for John Barber, alderman of LONDON,
+    1726. Small 8º. 2 vols."
+
+    3. "Original poems and translations, by John Dryden, Esq. LONDON:
+    printed for J. and R. Tonson, 1743. 12º. 2 vols."
+
+In the two former publications, the poem appears as the entire composition
+of the noble author, and is said to have been "written in the year 1675."
+In the latter publication it appears without date, and is said to be "by
+Mr. Dryden and the earl of Mulgrave."
+
+The publications were posthumous, and as the editors afford no explanation
+of the point in dispute, we must consult the reputed authors.
+
+In the year 1691, as an advertisement to _King Arthur_, a dramatic opera,
+Dryden printed a catalogue of his "plays and poems in quarto," in order to
+prevent future mis-ascriptions. The catalogue comprises ten poems, but no
+_Essay on satire_. The publisher of _King Arthur_ was Mr. Jacob Tonson.
+
+In 1682, the earl of Mulgrave published, anonymously, through the agency of
+Mr. Joseph Hindmarsh, an _Essay upon poetry_. It contains these lines:--
+
+ "The laureat here may justly claim our praise,
+  Crown'd by _Mac-Fleckno_ with immortal bays;
+  Though prais'd and punish'd for another's rimes,
+  His own deserve that glorious fate sometimes,
+  Were he not forc'd to carry now dead weight,
+  Rid by some lumpish minister of state."
+
+In 1717, Mr. Tonson published _Poems by the earl of Roscommon_; and added
+thereto the _Essay on poetry_, "with the leave and with the corrections of
+the author." The lines shall now be given in their amended state, as they
+appear in that volume, with the accompanying notes:--
+
+ "The _Laureat_[2] here may justly claim our praise,
+  Crown'd by _Mack-Fleckno_[3] with immortal bays;
+  Tho' _prais'd_ and _punish'd_ once for other's[4] rhimes,
+  His own deserve as great applause sometimes;
+  Yet _Pegasus_[5], of late, has born _dead weight_,
+  Rid by some _lumpish_ ministers of state."
+
+Next to Dryden and the earl of Mulgrave, as authorities on this question,
+comes the elder Jacob Tonson. Both writers were contributors to his
+_Poetical miscellanies_. In 1701 he published _Poems on various occasions,
+etc. By Mr. John Dryden_. The volume has not the _Essay on satire_. The
+same {163} Tonson, as we have just seen, gave currency to the assertion
+that Dryden was "ignorant of the whole matter."
+
+To this display of contemporary evidence must be added the information
+derivable from the posthumous publications enumerated in the former part of
+this article. The publication of 1723 was made by direction of the duchess
+of Buckingham. The couplet, "Tho' prais'd," &c., and the appended note,
+were omitted. In 1726 Mr. alderman Barber republished the volumes "with
+several additions, and without any castrations," restoring the couplet and
+note as they were printed in 1717. In the _Original poems_ of Dryden, as
+collectively published in 1743, the joint authorship is stated without a
+word of evidence in support of it.
+
+If we turn to the earlier writers on Dryden, we meet with no facts in
+favour of his claim to the poem in question. Anthony à Wood says, "the earl
+of Mulgrave was generally thought to be the author." This was written about
+1694. The reverend Thomas Birch, a man of vast information, repeated this
+statement in 1736. Neither Congreve nor Giles Jacob allude to the poem.
+
+The witnesses on the other side are, 1. The publisher of the _State poems_.
+2. Dean Lockier. And 3. The reverend Thomas Broughton.
+
+The _State poems_, in which the essay is ascribed to Dryden, may be called
+a surreptitious publication: it carries no authority. The testimony of
+Lockier, which is to the same effect, was never published by himself. It
+was a scrap of conversation held thirty years after the death of Dryden,
+and reported by another from memory. The reverend Thomas Broughton, who
+asserts the joint authorship of the poems, cites as his authority the
+_Original poems_, &c. Now Kippis assures us that he edited those volumes.
+On the question at issue, he could discover no authority but himself!
+
+Dryden _may_ have revised the _Essay on satire_. Is that a sufficient
+reason for incorporating it with his works? Do we tack to the works of Pope
+the poems of Wycherly and Parnell? We have authority for stating that Pope
+revised the _Essay on poetry_. Is it to be added to the works of Pope? Be
+it as it may, the poem was published, in substance, six years before Pope
+was born!
+
+As the evidence is very brief, there can be no necessity for
+recapitulation; and I shall only add, that if about to edit the poetical
+works of Dryden, I should reject the _Essay on satire_.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+[Footnote 2: Mr. _Dryden_.]
+
+[Footnote 3: A famous satyrical poem of his.]
+
+[Footnote 4: A copy of verses called, _An essay on satyr_, for which Mr
+_Dryden_ was both applauded and beaten, tho' not only innocent but
+ignorant, of the whole matter.]
+
+[Footnote 5: A poem call'd, _The hind and panther_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MACKLIN'S ORDINARY AND SCHOOL OF CRITICISM.
+
+Mr. George Wingrove Cooke, in his valuable work, _The History of Party_
+(vol. iii, p. 66.), gives an admirable sketch of the life of Edmund Burke.
+Speaking of his early career, and of the various designs which he formed
+for his future course, we are told that "at _Macklin's Debating Society_ he
+made the first essay of his powers of oratory."
+
+Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook for London_, speaks of Macklin delivering
+Lectures on Elocution at Pewterer's Hall (p. 394.), and of his residence in
+Tavistock Row, Covent Garden (p. 484.); but he does not mention _Macklin's
+Debating Society_. I imagine that by this "Debating Society" is meant an
+_Ordinary and School of Criticism_, which that eminent actor established in
+the year 1754, in the Piazza, Covent Garden. Mr. W. Cooke, in his _Life of
+Macklin_, 1806, p. 199., says--
+
+    "What induced him [Macklin] to quit the stage in the full vigour of
+    fame and constitution, was one of those schemes which he had long
+    previously indulged himself in, of suddenly making his fortune by the
+    establishment of a tavern and coffee-house in the Piazza, Covent
+    Garden; to which he afterwards added a school of oratory, upon a plan
+    hitherto unknown in England, founded upon the Greek, Roman, French, and
+    Italian Societies, under the title of _The British Inquisition_."
+
+The first part of this plan (the public ordinary) was opened on the 11th of
+March, 1754; and an amusing account of its operations may be found in
+Angelo's _Pic Nic_, p. 32. The second part of "Macklin's mad plan," as it
+was then termed, "The British Inquisition," commenced proceedings on the
+21st of November in the same year; and here, according to the first
+advertisement, "such subjects in Arts, Sciences, Literature, Criticism,
+Philosophy, History, Politics, and Morality, as shall be found useful and
+entertaining to society, will be lectured upon and freely debated."
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST (Act II. Scene 1.).
+
+    "It is odd that Shakspeare should make Dumain inquire after Rosaline,
+    who was the mistress of Biron, and neglect Katharine, who was his own.
+    Biron behaves in the same manner.--Perhaps _all_ the ladies wore
+    masks.--STEEVENS.
+
+    "They certainly did."--MALONE.
+
+    "And what if they did?"--QUERY.
+
+In what possible way can the circumstance of the ladies _wearing masks_
+lessen the inconsistency pointed out by Steevens?
+
+Rosaline has been immediately singled out by her former admirer--
+
+    "Did I not dance with you in Brabant once?"
+
+--a circumstance quite inconsistent with uncertain identity afterwards.
+
+But if the gentlemen really did mistake the identity of their ladies,
+Boyet's answers must have misled them into a similar mistake in _their
+names_: so that the natural consequence would have been, that each lover
+would afterwards address his {164} poetical effusion _nominally_ to the
+wrong lady! which does not appear to have been the case.
+
+Therefore, even if the masking be admitted, it can in no way lessen the
+inconsistency of the cross questions, which to me appears to have arisen
+from a most palpable instance of clerical or typographical transposition.
+
+Steevens was on the right scent, although he rejected it in the same
+breath, when he said,--
+
+    "No advantage would be gained by _an exchange of names_, because the
+    last speech is determined to Biron by Maria, who gives a character of
+    him after he has made his exit."
+
+This is a good reason against a transposition in the _male_ names, but it
+is none whatever against the same occurrence in the ladies' names; and
+consequently it is there that the true solution of the difficulty must be
+sought.
+
+If we admit that a substitution may have occurred, of "Rosaline" for
+"Katharine," in Boyet's answer to Dumain, and _vice versâ_ in his answer to
+Biron, all difficulty disappears at once.
+
+The completeness with which the idea of transposition not only accounts for
+the existence of the error, but at the same time suggests the manner in
+which it may be corrected, ought of itself to secure its reception, even if
+it were not corroborated in a very singular way by the following collateral
+circumstance.
+
+It may be observed that Boyet points out two of the ladies, not only by
+name, but also by styling them "heirs;" one of Falconbridge, the other of
+Alençon. Now in their previous descriptions of their respective lovers, one
+of the ladies (Maria) says she had met Longaville at a marriage of a
+"Falconbridge;" another lady (Katharine) says she had met Dumain at "Duke
+Alençon's." When, therefore, we find that Boyet, in reply to Longaville's
+question, designates _Maria_ as "heir of Falconbridge," it is in direct
+analogy that he should, in answer to Dumain's question, designate
+_Katharine_ as "heir of Alençon;" but, in consequence of the transposition
+of names, Boyet appears, as the text now stands, to confer that
+designation, not upon Katharine, but upon Rosaline, whom Biron had met at
+Brabant!
+
+There can be no doubt, therefore, that the names of Katharine and Rosaline
+have been transposed _contrary to the author's intention_, and the only
+wonder is--not that such a very commonplace error should have been
+committed--but that it should have been suffered to remain through so many
+editions up to the present time.
+
+A. G. B.
+
+  Leeds, Feb. 10. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES ON NEWSPAPERS.
+
+I send you the following, as a help to "Materials for a satisfactory
+History of Newspapers," alluded to in the last volume of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," p. 375.
+
+I have in my possession some old newspapers, ranging from 1691 to 1694,
+entitled _A Collection for Improvement of Husbandry and Trade_, edited by
+John Houghton, F.R.S., St. Bartholomew Lane, behind the Royal Exchange,
+London. The size is a small folio, published weekly, generally every
+Friday. It was carried on for some time merely as a single leaf, with no
+advertisements. In this form, the editor says--
+
+    "These papers are 2d. each here, and anybody may have them by the post.
+    But where that is thought too much, it may be eased by ten or twelve
+    obliging themselves constantly to take them from a bookseller,
+    coffee-man, or some other, who may afford to pay a carrier, and sell
+    them there for 2d., or at most 3d.; or carriers themselves may gain
+    well, if they'll serve the country gentlemen. And any such bookseller,
+    coffee-man, or carrier, that will apply themselves to me, shall have
+    good encouragement, with liberty to return those that won't sell."
+
+Ultimately the editor determined on admitting advertisements. He then
+doubled the size of his paper, making it two leaves instead of one. In
+reference to this increased size he says,--
+
+    "My collection I shall carry on as usual. This part is to give away;
+    and those who like it not, may omit the reading. I believe it will help
+    on trade, particularly encourage the advertisers to increase the vent
+    of my papers. I shall receive all sorts of advertisements, but shall
+    answer for the reasonableness of none; unless I give thereof a
+    particular character, on which (as I shall give it) may be dependence,
+    but no argument that others deserve not as well."
+
+    "I am inform'd that great numbers of gazettes are each time printed,
+    which makes them the most universal intelligencers; but I'll suppose
+    mine their first handmaid, because it goes (tho' not so thick, yet) to
+    most parts. It's also lasting, to be put into volumes with indexes; and
+    particularly there shall be an index of all the advertisements,
+    whereby, for ages to come, they may be useful. I have publish'd on the
+    subject of Husbandry and Trade, two quarto volumes, three folio
+    volumes, with the great sheet of taxes, acres, houses, &c.; and am
+    weekly carrying on this paper, which may be brought to anybodies house
+    within the Bills of Mortality, or penny post, for one penny the week;
+    and anywhere else in England (where enough will encourage a bookseller
+    or carrier). The volumes may be had from most booksellers of England,
+    Scotland, or Ireland."
+
+The Collection, which the editor will carry on as usual, refers to the
+single sheet. The Gazette must have been the London Gazette. In what sort
+of way the editor could suppose that advertisements could be useful for
+ages to come, we, in this age of enlightenment and knowledge, are at a loss
+to conceive. The great sheet of taxes, acres, houses, &c., I have, and may
+give you an account of its contents at some future time. The first page
+{165} of the paper was always devoted to a letter from the editor's own pen
+on husbandry, trade, chemistry, domestic cookery, and a variety of other
+topics. The editor appears to have been a spirited man, who collected with
+great care and diligence a great variety of facts whereby to interest his
+readers. The advertisements are very curious, specimens of which I will
+give you in another communication. Each paper contains the weekly prices of
+wheat, rye, barley, malt, oats, horse beans, peas, coals, hops, hay,
+tallow, and wool, in all the counties of England and Wales; the prices of
+provisions in London; also a weekly statement of wind and weather; the
+number of deaths, and their causes; the number of christenings and burials,
+specifying how many of each sex. The editor often concludes a column of
+information by stating, "this is all I see useful to posterity." He not
+only appears to have been a man of an active mind, but also a very kind
+man; for he says to those who advertise in his paper for situations, &c.,
+that "if they apply themselves to me, I'll strive to help them." He appears
+also to have kept a shop, or at least to have traded in certain articles:
+for in one of his papers is this advertisement:--
+
+    "In my first volume of 1682, I publish'd my own selling of chocolate,
+    and have sold in small quantities ever since: I have now two sorts,
+    both made of the best nuts, without spice or perfume; the one 5s., and
+    the other 6s. the pound; and I'll answer for their goodness. If I shall
+    think fit to sell any other sorts, I'll give notice.
+
+    JOHN HOUGHTON."
+
+By this advertisement we get at the date when the paper was first
+published.
+
+H. M. BEALBY.
+
+  North Brixton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MR. GOUGH'S TRANSLATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE BIBLE.
+
+The original work is thus described by Brunet, in his _Manuel_, Paris,
+1842, vol. ii. p. 583.:
+
+    "Histoire du Vieux et du Nouveau Testament (par Dav. Martin), enrichie
+    de plus de 400 fig. Anvers (Antwerp), P. Mortier, 1700, 2 vol. gr. in
+    fol."
+
+This work is usually called _Bible de Mortier_. It is not a difficult book
+to be met with, but the price varies considerably according to the state of
+the plates.
+
+H. F.
+
+_Mr. Gough's Translation of the History of the Bible_ (Vol. iii., p.
+100.).--A friend has furnished me with the following extract from the
+_Manuel du Libraire_ of M. J. C. Brunet in reply to my inquiry who was the
+author of the original history. It is taken from tom. i. p. 544.
+
+    "Histoire du V. et du N. Testament (par Dav. Martin), enrichie de plus
+    de 400 fig. Anvers (Antwerp.), P. Mortier, 1700, 2 vol. gr. in fol."
+
+M. Brunet informs us that copies of these volumes are valued by the state
+of the plates; one of which, in the Apocalypse, having been broken, was
+mended with nails, which marked the impression, and gave the distinction of
+copies before or with the nails.
+
+As there can be no doubt but that most booksellers take in your useful
+publication, one of them may be induced to inform the undersigned if he has
+a copy for sale, and the price.
+
+J. M. GUTCH.
+
+  Worcester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Origin of Harlequins._--In a note to his translation of Priscus' "History
+of the Embassy sent to Attila by Theodosius the Younger" (_Hist. Civiliz._
+app. iii. vol. ii. p. 430., Bogue's edit. European Library), M. Guizot
+remarks, alluding to the appearance of Zercho, a Moor, at Attila's feast:
+
+    "Is it not singular to find an harlequin at the court of Attila? Yet
+    such is the origin of these buffoons. The colour of the black slaves,
+    the strangeness of their face and manners, caused them to be sought
+    after as excellent ministers of mirth; to complete the singularity,
+    Zercho asks his wife at the hands of Attila, closely paralleling
+    Harlequin demanding Columbine."
+
+Is this account of the origin of Harlequins generally acquiesced in? I
+should be obliged by any early notice of the character of Harlequin, and
+his introduction on the English or any foreign stage.
+
+E. L. N.
+
+_Monosyllables_.--Among the many correspondents who have sent you specimens
+of monosyllabic poetry, I have seen no one who has quoted this very
+singular passage from Phineas Fletcher's _Purple Island_. It is _far more
+striking_ than anything you have yet inserted on this subject.
+
+              Canto I. Stanza 7.
+ "New light new love, new love new life hath bred;
+      A life that lives by love, and loves by light;
+    A love to Him to whom all loves are wed;
+      A light to whom the sun is darkest night:
+    Eye's light, heart's love, soul's only life He is;
+    Life, soul, love, heart, light, eye, and all are His;
+  He eye, light, heart, love, soul; He all my joy and bliss."
+
+In seventy words only _one_ of more than a syllable; the alliteration in
+the second line is likewise noticeable.
+
+H. A. B.
+
+  Trin. Col., Cambridge.
+
+_The Breeches, or Geneva Bible_ (Vol. iii, p. 17.).--I have before me a
+copy of Christopher Barkar's edition of the "Breeches" Bible, 1576, small
+folio, in which, on the fly-leaf, is the following interesting note in the
+handwriting of the late Francis Douce:--
+
+    "It is generally conceived that the peculiarity, 'and they sewed fig
+    tree leaves together, and made themselves breeches,' belongs
+    exclusively to this Bible, but it is a mistake. The Saxon version of
+    Ælfric has, {166} '_and sewed fig-leaves, and worked them_ WEED-BREECH,
+    _or cloaths for the breech._' Wicliffe also translates 'and maden hem
+    _breechis_;' and it is singular that Littleton, in his excellent
+    _Dictionary_, explains _perizomata_, the word used in the Vulgate, by
+    _breeches_. In the manuscript French translation of Petrus Comestor's
+    _Commentary on the Bible_, made by Guiars des Moulins in the 13th
+    century, we have 'Couvertures tout autres-sint comme unnes petites
+    _braies_.'"
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Etymology of Mushroom._--In the sixteenth century this word appears
+generally to have been spelt _Mushrump_. Nares, in his valuable _Glossary_,
+gives an instance from Marlow's play of _Edward the Second_, 1598; but
+there is an earlier example in Robert Southwell's _Spirituall Poems_, 1595:
+
+ "He that high growth on cedars did bestow,
+  Gave also lowly _mushrumps_ leave to growe."
+
+It is also spelt _Mushrump_ in Cockeram's _Dictionary_, 1632. These
+instances may possibly lead to a correct etymology of the word.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Curious Fact in Natural History._--There is in the Brazils a popular
+superstition to this effect. There is a tree called Japécarga, which is
+said to grow out of the body of the insect called Cigara. This is a very
+large tree, and the Cigara is an insect which makes an incessant chirping
+on the tree, and, as the saying goes, chirps till it bursts. When the
+insect dies, the tree is said to grow out of it, the roots growing down the
+legs. My explanation is this: The insect feeds on the seeds of the
+Japécarga, and occasionally, under advantageous circumstances, some of the
+seeds germinate, and cause the death of the insect, the tree shooting up
+through the softest part, the back, and the rootlets making their way down
+the only outlets, the legs. I wish to know whether any similar fact in
+Natural History has been noticed, and if not, how is it accounted for,
+since I can vouch for the skin of the insect having been found with the
+tree growing out of its back, and the roots growing down through the legs.
+
+JOHN MANLEY.
+
+  Pernambuco.
+
+_Hudibras in 1710._--On the back of the oldest register of the parish of
+Syston, Leicestershire, is the following memorandum:--
+
+    "July 19th, 1710. Borrow'd then of Mr. Hesketh _Hudibrass_ in 3 parts,
+    w^{ch} I promise to return upon demand; witness my hand,   JOHN KILBY."
+
+A pretty strong proof of the value and interest of this work about a
+century and a half ago.
+
+ARUN.
+
+_The Great Exhibition._--It is well known that the vineyards of Switzerland
+have been long protected from hail by means of upright poles having copper
+wire attached to them, termed "paragrêles," distant from each other from 60
+to 100 feet. The formation of hail is an effect of which electricity is the
+cause, and the cloud being deprived of this agent by the conductors,
+descends in the shape of rain. Mr. John Murray, F.S.A., F.L.S., &c., in his
+work on Switzerland, speaks very decidedly of their utility. Has then this
+ingenious contrivance been considered with reference to the protection of
+the Great Exhibition and its valuable, or rather invaluable, contents? or
+why is it deemed inapplicable to the purpose?
+
+C. T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.
+
+Everybody can see that the first commandment is directed against
+polytheism, and the second against idolatry; and most people know that the
+Church of Rome differs from the Church of England in joining these two into
+one commandment, and dividing the tenth into two commandments, so as to
+make up the full number, ten. This point of difference betwixt the two
+churches must necessarily have been the subject of much dispute. There must
+be plausible reasons on both sides for every commandment in the Anglican
+ritual being different from its correspondent on the Roman tables: and the
+settlement of this question must properly belong to the theologian, since
+holy scripture only mentions how many divine commandments there are
+(Exodus, xxxiv. 28.; Deuteronomy, iv. 13., x. 4.), without authoritatively
+separating them.
+
+Will any one kindly inform me where this question may be found fully
+discussed; and where mention is made of the earliest known divisions of the
+law? Also, I should be glad to know how the Jews at the present day divide
+the commandments; and whether there is any record or tradition of there
+ever having been discussions in their church upon this very interesting and
+no less important matter?
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+  Ecclesfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Was Hugh Peters ever on the Stage?_--In a pamphlet entitled _Arbitrary
+Government displayed to the Life, in the illegal Transactions of the late
+Times under the tyrannick Usurpation of Oliver Cromwell_, ed. 1690, p. 98.,
+we are informed that Hugh Peters, after he had been expelled the University
+of Cambridge, went to London, and enrolled himself as player in
+Shakspeare's company, "in which he usually performed the part of Clown." Is
+there any other authority for this statement?
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_English Synonymes._--What are the books of best authority for the
+_synonymes_ of the English language?
+
+A FOREIGNER.
+
+{167}
+
+_Christmas Day._--Which of the popes fixed dogmatically the 25th of
+December as the birthday of our Saviour? Was it not either Julius I. or
+II.? and what grounds had he for his decision?
+
+J. C.
+
+_A Coggeshall Job._--"_Saffron Walden, God help me._"--Has the old saying
+of "A Coggeshall Job" occupied the attention of your readers? And why is it
+that many of the mendicants who ramble the county of Suffolk in search of
+relief, when asked where they come from, reply in a pitiful tone, "Saffron
+Walden, God help me."
+
+J. C.
+
+  Easton.
+
+_T. Gilburt on Clandestine Marriages._--I have a MS. against the validity
+of clandestine marriages, dated from Oxford, June 23rd, 1682, signed T.
+Gilburt. It is a learned and argumentative treatise on this subject. It is
+entitled:
+
+    "An Argument against the Validitie of Clandestine Marriages in the
+    Sight of God. Sent with a Letter to a person of Qualitie desiring my
+    Judgment in y^e case wherein he was too nearly concerned."
+
+I am anxious to know who this T. Gilburt may have been.
+
+W. F.
+
+_Father Hehl, and Cahagnet._--If any of your numerous readers can say where
+any account of Father Hehl, who in 1774 discovered animal magnetism, may be
+found; and whether such a person as M. L. Alph. Cahagnet is _living_ in
+Paris or elsewhere, whether he is a doctor or pharmacien, what his age may
+be, and whether the persons whose letters are given in his book, _Arcanes
+de la Vie future dévoilés_, are real or imaginary beings, they will greatly
+comfort
+
+ENGASTRIMYTHUS.
+
+_Roman Catholic Bishops in Ireland._--Can any of your readers refer me to
+any printed or manuscript account of the appointment of Roman Catholic
+bishops in Ireland by the Stuart family subsequent to the death of James
+II., containing names, dates, &c.?
+
+DRUMLETHGLAS.
+
+_Derivation of the Word Fib._--Can any of your readers suggest a proper
+derivation of this word? Old Bailey, to whom a reference would occasionally
+save many doubts and inquiries, connects it with "fable." Johnson says
+nothing as to the etymology, but explains it as "a cant word among
+children;" while, at the same time, he inserts it on the authority of Pope
+and Arbuthnot.
+
+In reading the works of that very learned and instructive author, Samuel
+Werenfels, I was struck with a passage in his _Diatribe de Meteoris_, p.
+272. (Amstel. Wetstein, 1702), which seemed to furnish a probable solution
+of the question:--"Propter abusum nominis Phoebi evenit, ut omnes qui,
+altius in oratione, quam decet, se extollere volunt, Gallis hodiernis
+[Greek: phoibologein] Phoebum loqui, _Parler_ _Phebus_, dicantur." So far
+as the sound is concerned, this seems a nearer approximation to "fib" than
+the word "fable." The sense, too, is not _very_ remote from the accepted
+one of "_talking fibs_." Query, as to this conjecture?
+
+C. H. P.
+
+  Brighton, Feb. 10. 1851.
+
+_Thomas May, the Author of the Supplement to Lucan._--Who was this Thomas
+May? To an Elzevir edition of Lucan, 1658, Amsterdam, "accuranto Cornelio
+Schrevelio," there is added "Supplementum Lucani Libri Septem; authore
+Thoma Maio, Anglo." In the preface it is stated, "Supplementum Lucani ab
+Anglo quodam antehâc seorsim editum, et huic materiæ aptissimum adjunximus,
+ne quid esset quod hic desideraretur." In the fourth book of this
+_Supplement_, Cato is represented as soliloquising before his death as
+follows:--
+
+ "Quam diversa, inquit, restant post funera sortes!
+  Credo equidem, divine Plato, te dogmata vera
+  Hæc ipsum docuisse Deum. Deus ipse sequendam
+  (Aut Natura homines ratioque innata fefellit)
+  Proposuit virtutem, et præmia debita justis
+  Hæc quonian justos injusta potentia fraudat
+  Sæpius in terris, et gens humana rebellat
+  Solvere post mortem justissimus ipse tenetur."
+
+The famous soliloquy in Addison's _Cato_ seems to resemble this, in its
+general tone of thought. In a former passage occur these lines:--
+
+             "Solatia sola hæc,
+  Quod meliore frui post mortem lumine sperat.
+  Immortalem animam spes hæc probat."
+
+The idea is similar to that contained in--
+
+ "Else whence this pleasing hope, this fond desire,
+  This longing after immortality?"
+
+Addison seems to me to have had May's description of Cato's death in his
+mind, when he wrote the soliloquy.
+
+J. H. L.
+
+_Bunting's Irish Melodies._--This admirable musical scholar many years
+since promised a new edition of the first two volumes of his _Irish Airs_.
+Is there any hope of this being soon accomplished?
+
+GEORGE STEPHENS.
+
+  Stockholm.
+
+_Rudbeck, Campi Elysii._--A copy of this work is said to exist in
+Sherard's[6] _Collection_, in the Botanical Garden, Oxford. It must have
+been acquired _before_ 1797. (See _Bibliotheca Banksiana_, iii. 67.)
+
+Vol. I.--The title and some following leaves are written. Does any note
+exist as to _who_ copied these leaves, or _when_, or _where_?
+
+Is any name of any former owner written on the book-back, title, or
+elsewhere; or is it known when it was purchased, or at what price?
+
+{168} Does any library-mark, auction-number, or other identifying signature
+occur?
+
+Is it quite complete at the end, or is anything missing after page 224.?
+
+Does the whole consist of figures, or have some leaves an introduction,
+text, or corrections, &c.?
+
+Vol. II.--Does anything in this volume illustrate any of the above
+questions?
+
+A SWEDISH BIBLIOGNOST.
+
+  Stockholm.
+
+[Footnote 6: Sherard, 1738.]
+
+_Prince of Wales' Motto_ (Vol. iii., p. 106.).--The Query of EFFESSA is one
+of great interest to us "Taffies," but I wish to add the following to it.
+Is there any foundation for the idea, which we so strenuously maintain,
+that "_Ich Dien_" is a misspelled edition of "_Eich Dyn_," "Behold the
+man:" and that the motto was bestowed on Edward of Carnarvon in consequence
+of his royal father having learned these two Welsh words, and made use of
+them when he presented his infant to the assembled tribes as a prince who
+could "speak no word of English?"
+
+SELEUCUS.
+
+_Borrow's Danish Ballads._--The singular author of _Lavengro_, Mr. Geo.
+Borrow, some years ago published certain translations of Danish or other
+northern ballads, with which I have never been able to meet. Can you or any
+of your readers furnish me with the title of the book and publisher's name?
+
+My curiosity respecting it has again been aroused somewhat strongly by the
+account in _Lavengro_ of the way in which he began to study Danish. It
+might afford a good lesson to all _young_ "philologers."
+
+I presume that, at the mature age of "NOTES AND QUERIES," commonplace
+compliments as to its usefulness and high general value, begin to be very
+stale; but I cannot close without a hearty "God speed" to you in your
+labours.
+
+BRUNO.
+
+_Head of the Saviour._--Can any of your readers give me some information
+about an engraving of our Saviour, which may just now be seen in many of
+the London print-shops? It represents the side-face, and is said to be a
+fac-simile of a likeness engraved on an emerald by order of some Roman
+Emperor, and which served as the ransom of some other famous person (who, I
+quite forget). Is this really the truth?
+
+P. M. M.
+
+_Lines on English History._--_The Sword Flamberg._--I shall be greatly
+obliged to any of your correspondents who can inform me where I can procure
+a copy of some lines on English history, commencing:
+
+ "William the Norman conquers England's state--
+  In his own forest Rufus meets his fate," &c.
+
+They are said to be written by a Roman Catholic gentleman named Chaloner.
+
+I also wish to know something about the old German sword called the
+"Flamberg." I have seen it represented as twisted like a column of flame,
+and should like to know its history, and whether there was any allusion in
+it to the flaming sword that kept the gate of Paradise.
+
+Mention is made of it by Körner in his poem, "Männer und Buben:"
+
+         "Stosst mit an
+          Mann für Mann
+  Wer den Flamberg schwingen kann."
+
+Can your correspondents tell me, also, whether there is such a phrase,
+expressive of the place where four roads met, as a "four warnt way," and
+whence its origin, and how properly spelt?
+
+AN ENGLISH MOTHER.
+
+_Denarius Philosophorum._--Can you inform me what the inscription "Denarius
+Philosophorum" means, on Bishop Thornborough's monument in Worcester
+Cathedral?
+
+D. Y.
+
+_"Sees Good in everything."_--Where does the line,
+
+ "Sees good in everything, and God in all."
+
+come from?
+
+D. Y.
+
+  Christchurch, Oxford.
+
+_Oxford Friar's Voyage to the North Pole._--In a book I have, entitled
+_Prospects of the most famous Parts of the World_, date 1646, occurs the
+following:
+
+    "Towards the north pole we have gained, more in proportion, as far as
+    Nova Zembla, and the sea is known to be navigable to the 81st degree:
+    whether the rest be land or not it never yet appeared to any (as I
+    heare of) but an Oxford Friar by a Magique voyage. He reports of a
+    Black Rock just under the pole, and an Isle of Pygmies; other strange
+    miracles, to which, for my part, I shall give little credit till I have
+    better proof for it than the Devil's word."
+
+Query, Who was the friar? and where is the account of his voyage to be
+found?
+
+J. Y. R.
+
+_Roman Catholic Church._--The Rev. J. M. Neale has just published an
+appendix to his _Introduction to the History of the Holy Eastern Church_,
+containing a list of all the sees in that communion, with the names of the
+present possessors. Can any of your correspondents inform me where I can
+meet with a similar notitia of the sees in the Roman Catholic Church?
+
+E. H. A.
+
+    [The _Almanach du Clergé de France_ contains a catalogue of Roman
+    Catholic bishops throughout the world, complied from documents
+    furnished by the Congregation De Propaganda Fide of Rome.]
+
+_Cor Linguæ._--May I ask who is the author of the following epigram, quoted
+by Coke on the trial of Garnet?
+
+ "Cor linguæ foederat naturæ sanctio,
+  Veluti in quodam certo connubio;
+  Ergo cum dissonent cor et locutio,
+  Sermo concipitur in adulterio."
+
+J. BS.
+
+{169}
+
+_Bishop Hooper's Godly Confession, &c._--Being engaged in editing Bishop
+Hooper's works, and finding myself impeded by want of the original edition
+of his _Godly Confession and Protestation of the Christian Faith_, printed
+at London by John Day, 1550, I am induced to seek your assistance, and to
+ask whether you can inform me where a copy of the above work may be found?
+
+(THE REV.) CHARLES NEVINSON.
+
+  Browne's Hospital, Stamford.
+
+_Extradition, Ignore, Diamagnetism._--In pursuance of my note to you
+regarding the definition of words in science and literature which may have
+sprung up of late years, will you allow me to quote, as instances in the
+latter department, the two words "extradition" and "ignore?"
+
+1. Is the following a correct definition of "extradition," viz., "the
+surrender by a state, of a political refugee, at the request of a foreign
+power?"
+
+2. Is the etymology of the word made up of "extra" and "ditio" put for
+"deditio," a giving up or surrendering?
+
+Does "ignore" mean to "treat as non-existent;" and are there no other words
+in the language which express exactly the meaning conveyed by these two?
+
+In science, I would ask, is "diamagnetism" correctly explained by terming
+it "the property of any substance whereby it turns itself, when freely
+suspended, at right angles to the magnetic meridian."
+
+P. S.
+
+_Cinquante Lettres d'Exhortation._--Can any of your readers inform me who
+is the author of the following work?--
+
+    "Cinquante lettres d'exhortation et de consolation sur les souffrances
+    de ces derniers tems, et sur quelques autres sujets; écrites à diverses
+    personnes par Mons. D. V. B. pendant ses exils et ses prisons, en
+    France; et depuis que par ordre du Roi, il s'est retiré en Hollande. La
+    Haye, 1704, 8vo."
+
+The copy which I have seen is lettered on the back "Beringke-Lettres;" but
+I can find no account of any person of that name at all likely to have
+written the letters, nor any authority for ascribing their authorship to a
+person of that name.
+
+TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+_Old Tract on the Eucharist._--Can any of your readers tell me the name of
+the author of the following tract?--
+
+    "A Full View of the Doctrines and Practices of the Ancient Church,
+    relating to the Eucharist. Lond. 1688."
+
+Wishing to procure a copy, I have asked several booksellers, but without
+success. It has been most strongly recommended by a writer of the present
+day.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CARDINAL'S MONUMENT.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 106.)
+
+Your correspondent and querist, J. D. A., asks for some information
+respecting the coat of arms surmounted by a cardinal's hat, sculptured and
+affixed to one of the pillars of the south transept in St. Saviour's
+Church, Southwark. I send in reply an extract from a now scarce book,
+Arthur Tiler's _History and Antiquities of St. Saviour's_, 1765, with which
+all the later historians of the church agree:--
+
+    "Anno 1400.   2 Hen. IV.
+
+    "The whole church was new built about this time; Henry Beaufort (second
+    son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III.), Cardinal
+    of St. Eusebius, and Bishop of Winchester from the year 1405 to the
+    time of his death in 1447, might have contributed towards the building,
+    being a man of great wealth, for which he was called the rich Cardinal,
+    _as the arms of the Beauforts are carved in stone on a pillar in the
+    south cross aisle; and by the remaining sculpture on each side it
+    appears to be done for strings pendant from a Cardinal's hat placed
+    over them_. The arms are quarterly France and England, a border compone
+    argent and azure."
+
+When the transepts were rebuilt, some years since, the cardinal's hat,
+which till that time was nearly defaced, was then restored, and the coat of
+arms newly emblazoned.
+
+W. B.
+
+  19. Winchester Place, St. Saviour's, Southwark.
+
+    [G. A. S. and JAMES H. SMITH have forwarded similar replies.]
+
+With reference to the Query of J. D. A. (p. 106. antè), it would appear
+that the cardinal's hat, but with a difference in the number of rows of
+tassels, is sometimes seen on the monuments of men who never were raised to
+that dignity.
+
+In the Cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, are two monuments placed there
+during the rule of the Confederate Catholics, viz., that of James Cleere,
+"Protonotarius et Rector ecclesiæ D. Joannis Dioecesis oporiensis," who
+died A.D. 1643, Nov. 14; and David Rothe, intrusive Roman Catholic Bishop
+of Ossery, who died some years after--on both of which the arms of the
+individual are surmounted by a cardinal's hat. It is quite certain that
+neither of these ecclesiastics had a right to this distinction _as
+cardinals_. For the right of Bishops and Prothonotaries to wear hats or
+caps of the same shape as the cardinals, with their colours and
+peculiarities, see _Glossary of Heraldry_ (Oxford), under "Cap-Cardinals."
+Any further examples will oblige
+
+J. GRAVES.
+
+  Kilkenny, Feb. 10. 1851.
+
+The Cardinal's hat, with arms beneath, on a pillar near the poet Gower's
+monument, in St. Saviour's, Southwark, refers directly to the beneficence
+of that busy cardinal and very remarkable man, {170} Cardinal Beaufort,
+Bishop of Winchester, and who in that capacity resided in the adjoining
+palace; indirectly it refers to the marriage of James V. of Scotland with
+Jane Beaufort, the Cardinal's niece: and it is something to the honour of
+St. Mary Overies, (the church in question,) to add that it was within its
+walls that the ceremony took place. Besides Gower, the parish registers
+state that Edmond Shakspeare ob. 1607 (one of the brothers of the great
+dramatist), John Fletcher ob. 1625, and Philip Massinger ob. 1640. (See Mr.
+Knight's _Old England_, eng. 548. p. 147.)
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+A cardinal's hat is differenced by colour and the number of its tassels,
+not by its shape, which is the same for all clergymen. Thus, for simple
+priests, a black hat, with one tassel on either side; for a bishop, a green
+hat with three tassels; for a cardinal, a crimson hat with five or seven
+tassels. What the reason may be for the variation in the number of the
+tassels amongst cardinals, I should be glad to learn.
+
+W. D-N.
+
+In Ciaconius (_Vitæ et Res Gestæ Pontificum_, Rome, 1630), there is a list
+of all the cardinals created up to that date, with their armorial bearings;
+and the only instances of France and England quarterly (which is, no doubt,
+what is intended), are those of Cardinal Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester,
+and Cardinal Hallum, Bishop of Salisbury. I can find no mention anywhere of
+the family of Cardinal Hallum, or Hallam; and should be glad to know who he
+was descended from, and why he had those arms assigned to him by Ciaconius,
+who is tolerably correct.
+
+A. W. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOTY'S CASE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 40.)
+
+I cannot refer DEMONOLOGIST to an _authentic_ report of Booty's case, but I
+believe none is more so, than that in Kirby's _Wonderful and Eccentric
+Museum_, vol. ii. p. 247.
+
+The following extract is given from the journal of Mr. Spinks:--
+
+    "Friday, 15th May, 1687. We had the observation of Mr. Booty this day.
+    Captain Barrisby, Captain Bristowe, Captain Brown, I, and Mr. Ball,
+    merchant, went on shore in Captain Barnaby's boat, to shoot rabbits
+    upon Stromboli; and when we had done we called all our men together by
+    us, and about half an hour and fourteen minutes after three in the
+    afternoon, to our great surprise, we all of us saw two men come running
+    towards us with such swiftness that no living man could run half so
+    fast as they did run, when all of us heard Captain Barnaby say, 'Lord
+    bless me, the foremost is old Booty, my next-door neighbour;' but he
+    said he did not know the other that run behind: he was in black
+    clothes, and the foremost was in grey. Then Captain Barnaby desired all
+    of us to take an account of the time, and put it down in our
+    pocket-books, and when we got on board we wrote it in our journals; for
+    we saw them into the flames of fire, and there was a great noise which
+    greatly affrighted us all; for we none of us ever saw or heard the like
+    before. Captain Barnaby said he was certain it was old Booty, which he
+    saw running over Stromboli and into the flames of Hell. It is stated
+    that Captain Barnaby told his wife, and she told somebody else, and
+    that it was afterward told to Mrs. Booty, who arrested Captain Barnaby
+    in a thousand pound action, for what he had said of her husband.
+    Captain Barnaby gave bail to it, and it came on to a trial in the Court
+    of King's Bench, and they had Mr. Booty's wearing apparel brought into
+    court, and the sexton of the parish, and the people that were with him
+    when he died; and we swore to our journals, and it came to the same
+    time within two minutes; ten of our men swore to the buttons on his
+    coat, and that they were covered with the same sort of cloth his coat
+    was made of, and so it proved. The jury asked Mr. Spinks if he knew Mr.
+    Booty. He answered, 'I never saw him till he ran by me on the burning
+    mountain.'"
+
+The chief justice from April, 1687, to February, 1689, was Sir Robert
+Wright. His name is not given in the report, but _the judge_ said--
+
+    "Lord have mercy upon me, and grant that I may never see what you have
+    seen: one, two, or three may be mistaken, but thirty never can be
+    mistaken. So the widow lost her suit."
+
+An action for slander of a deceased husband, brought by the widow, and the
+defendant held to bail, is a remarkable beginning. The plea of
+justification, that Booty ran into Hell, is hardly supported by evidence
+that he ran into the flames at Stromboli. The evidence was, that the
+defendant _said_ that one of the two runners was Booty; it does not appear
+that the other witnesses knew him. The witnesses must have kept a good look
+to observe the buttons of Booty's coat when he ran more than twice as fast
+as any living man could run. Finally, as the time of the death and the
+observation "came to the same within two minutes," and Stromboli is about
+15° east of Gravesend, Booty must have run to Hell before he died.
+
+I have no doubt that "the case is well known in the navy." The facts are of
+the sort usually reported to the marines; but the law such as was unknown
+before 9 & 10 Vict. c. 95.
+
+H. B. C.
+
+  U. U. Club, Feb. 11.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE CONQUEST.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 440.; Vol. iii., p. 92.)
+
+I question the position of S. K., that the phrase "post conquestum" is used
+in the deed he cites (Vol. ii., p. 92.) for the accession of the king.
+"Post conquestum" was, in records and deeds, applied with more or less
+frequency to all our kings, from Edward III. to Henry VIII. To show this I
+give the following references to the pages of Madox's _Formulare
+Anglicanum_:-- {171}
+
+EDWARD III. 12. 19. 92. 94. 120. 121. 139. 140. 166. 167. 168. 201. 203.
+228. 229. 230. 264. 282. 283. 318. 322. 349. 361. 362. 386. 387. 388. 389.
+402. 403.
+
+RICHARD II. 66. 96. 122. 123. 140. 141. 169. 203. 268. 284. 323. 325. 326.
+327. 362. 390. 404. 405. 410.
+
+HENRY IV. 67. 97. 98. 124. 125. 142. 172. 204. 205. 269. 270. 284. 285.
+328. 329. 330. 350. 391. 405. 407.
+
+HENRY V. 67. 68. 126. 143. 144. 206. 285. 331. 391. 408. 420.
+
+HENRY VI. 18. 34. 100. 101. 103. 104. 126. 127. 145. 147. 148. 206. 207.
+208. 233. 270. 271. 286. 331. 332. 333. 334. 351. 364. 392. 393. 394. 409.
+410. 434.
+
+EDWARD IV. 128. 148. 209. 234. 286. 335. 352. 365. 394. 395.
+
+RICHARD III. 108. 209. 212. 411.
+
+HENRY VII. 71. 214. 235. 339. 352. 365. 396. 412. 438.
+
+HENRY VIII. 235. 236. 273. 343. 396. 414.
+
+I believe "post conquestum" was also applied to Edward V.; but the records
+and deeds of his short reign are necessarily but few.
+
+I conjecture that the use of the term "post conquestum" thus originated.
+
+As we had Kings of England of the name of Edward before the Conquest,
+Edward the First was distinguished from these monarchs by being styled
+"King Edward, the son of King Henry" (his father was called "King Henry,
+the son of King John"). In like manner, Edward II. was distinguished from
+his father by being called "King Edward, the son of King Edward;" but
+Edward III. could not thus be distinguished from his father; he was
+therefore called King Edward III.; but, as there were Kings Edward _before_
+the Conquest, the third was qualified by the addition of the phrase in
+question, "post conquestum." To Richard II. generally, and to his
+successors up to Henry VIII. either generally or occasionally, the same
+phrase, "post conquestum," was also applied; but, if we except Edward IV.
+and V., this phrase was not at all required, or applicable in their cases,
+inasmuch as no King of England _before_ the Conquest was named either
+Richard or Henry.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Feb. 4. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DESCENT OF HENRY IV.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 375.; Vol. iii., p. 120.)
+
+Upon the deposition of Richard II., 30th September, 1399, Henry IV., then
+Duke of Lancaster, claimed the crown in the following terms:
+
+    "In the name of the Fader, Sonne, and Holy Ghost, I, Henry of
+    Lancastre, chalenge this Rewme of Ynglonde and the Croune, with all the
+    Membres and the appurtenances, als I that am descendit be ryght lyne of
+    the Blode comyng fro the gude Lord King Henry thirde, and thorghe that
+    ryght that God of his grace hath sent me with helpe of my kyn and of my
+    friendes to recover it: the which Rewme was in poynt to be ondone for
+    defaut of Governance, and undoying of the gude Lawes."
+
+Rapin observes upon this (vol. i. p. 476.):--
+
+    "It was not without reason that he affected to make use of obscure
+    expressions, which left undetermined the foundation upon which he built
+    his pretended right. If he seemed to derive his title from Henry III.
+    rather than from Edward III., his grandfather, it was because there was
+    a rumour that Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, surnamed Crouch-back, was
+    eldest son of Henry III.; but by reason of his deformity Edward I., his
+    younger brother, was placed on the throne. According to this
+    supposition, the Duke would have made the ignorant believe he could
+    ground his title upon being son of Blanch of Lancaster, granddaughter
+    of Edmund Crouch-back, and heiress of that family. But as he was
+    sensible everybody could not be imposed upon by so gross a forgery, he
+    added certain expressions, intimating that he built his right also upon
+    the service he had just done the state. This is the meaning of the
+    claim, expressed in such obscure terms. As it was resolved to adjudge
+    the crown to the Duke, the Parliament took care not to examine his
+    claim too closely, but were very willing to suppose it uncontestable.
+    Thus, without any regard to the just rights of the Earl of March, it
+    was decreed that Henry should be proclaimed king, which was done that
+    very day," &c.
+
+It would seem, however, that Henry was to a certain extent compelled to
+make his claim to the crown in the form he did (Hales, _Hist. C. L._ c.
+5.), notwithstanding his desire to do so as a conqueror. (Seld. _Tit. Hon._
+l. 3.)
+
+J. B. COLMAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Chauncy--Entwysel._--To a dry genealogical Query (Vol. iii., p. 61.), your
+readers will wish me to reply as briefly as possible. F. R. R. will find
+that Sir H. Chauncy's statement is borrowed from Weever. The latter founded
+his statement, that "Wilfred Entwysel was the last heir of his house," on
+the authority of Dalton, Norroy; but this statement, as your correspondent
+has shown, and as other evidence would prove, is not well-founded. It may
+be assumed that Sir Bertyne Entwysel did not leave issue, _male_, by Lucy
+his wife, the daughter of Sir John Ashton, of Ashton-under-Lyne, as Leland
+speaks of a daughter only, "of whom Master Bradene, of Northamptonshire, is
+descended." His connexion with Lancashire is shown by his epitaph, and by
+our finding his name as a witness to a Lancashire charter. The alliance
+which he formed may be urged as a further proof. Leland's expression, that
+"he came into England," may imply that Sir Bertyne remained in France
+discharging the duties of his office, from the period of the Battle of
+Agincourt, where he {172} signally distinguished himself, until his
+services were again called for in the Wars of the Roses.
+
+J. H. M.
+
+_"Pretended" Reprint of Ancient Poetry_, in J. Taylor's Catalogue of 1824
+(Vol. ii., p. 463.), replied to by CATO (Vol. ii., p. 500.).--My attention
+has been drawn to the above, wherein doubts have been raised as to the
+existence of a volume supposed to be UNIQUE; and criticisms follow on my
+note, which records the fact, that "only TWO COPIES were reprinted." CATO
+has already stated that the reprinting the TWO COPIES was at the expense of
+the late Rev. Peter Hall; and ONE COPY produced at his sale twenty
+shillings: the other copy bore the impress of Mr. Davidson, a highly
+respectable printer; and that only two copies were reprinted, one of which
+came direct to me from the Rev. Peter Hall. This copy was purchased from me
+by an eminent statesman, who has formed one of the finest libraries in the
+kingdom.
+
+JAMES TAYLOR, Formerly of Blackfriars Road.
+
+  Newick, Jan. 27. 1851.
+
+_Lights on the Altar._--I would refer your correspondent D. SHOLBUS (Vol.
+ii., p. 495.) to one of the Canons published under King Edgar, about the
+year 968. Lambard's Latin version of the ordinance is as follows:--
+
+    "Semper in ecclesia lumen ardeat dum Missa decantetur."
+
+([Greek: Archaionomia], ed. Wheloc. p. 70. Cantab. 1644. Compare Cressy's
+_Church History of Brittany_, p. 870. A.D. 1668.)
+
+R. G.
+
+_Cognation of the Jews and Lacedæmonians_ (Vol. ii., p. 377.).--I should
+occupy too much space in your interesting publication were I to give a list
+of the critics or ethnographers who have commented on this passage, and
+shall therefore be content to mention some of the most important works
+which may afford sufficient information, or at least enable your
+correspondent to pursue the inquiry farther.
+
+Calmet's _Dissertation sur la Parenté des Juifs et des Lacédémoniens_,
+which is included in his Dissertations, Paris, 1720, in 3 vols. 4to, and
+also in his _Commentaires_.--Stillingfleet's _Origines Sacræ_, book iii.,
+c. 4., who admits the probability that the Spartans had relation to
+Abraham, as deriving from Phaleg, from whom Abraham came. This appears to
+have been intended by the expressions of Josephus, [Greek: ex henos genous
+kai ek tês pros Abramon oikeiotêtos] (book xii. c. iv.); but the Versions,
+and most critics, interpret the words in the 12th chap. of 1 Maccabees,
+[Greek: ek genous Abraam], as implying that they came from Abraham: see
+Selden, _de Synedriis_, l. ii. c. iii. s.v.--The Rev. Charles Forster's
+_Historical Geography of Arabia_, part i. sect. vi., in which he discusses
+"the vestiges of Arab colonies, and maintains the Arabo-Abrahamic origin of
+the Greeks."--Stephanus Morinus, in _Diss. de Cognatione Lacedæmoniorum et
+Hebræorum_ (inter dissertationes viii. Dordraci, 1700, 8vo.)
+
+Your correspondent, who, in Vol. ii., p. 230., requests to be supplied with
+"a list of all the theories and publications respecting the ten tribes
+commonly called the Lost Tribes," will probably be satisfied with that
+furnished by Basnage's _History of the Jews_, in which, however, he
+overlooks the theory of Olaus Rudbeckius, Filius, that they are to be found
+neither in Asia, nor Africa, nor America, but in Lapland! The same author,
+in a treatise _de Ave Selau, cujus mentio fit Numer._ xi. 31., endeavours
+to establish an analogy between the Hebrew and Gothic languages.
+
+T. J.
+
+_Queen Mary's Lament_ (Vol. iii., p. 89.).--The following copy of verses,
+written by this beautiful and unfortunate princess, during her confinement
+in Fotheringay Castle, was presented to the public by the kindness of a
+very eminent and liberal collector:--
+
+ "Que suis-je helas? et de quoi sert la vie?
+  J'en suis fors qu'un corps privé de cueur;
+  Un ombre vayn, un objet de malheur,
+  Qui n'a plus rien que de mourir en vie.
+  Plus ne me portez, O enemys, d'envie,
+  Qui n'a plus l'esprit à la grandeur,
+  J'ai consommé d'excessive douleur,
+  Voltre ire en bref de voir assouvie.
+  Et vous amys qui m'avez tenu chere,
+  Souvenez-vous que sans cueur, et sans santey,
+  Je ne scaurois auqun bon oeuvre faire.
+  Souhaitez donc fin de calamitey,
+  Et que _sus bas_ étant assez punie,
+  J'aie ma part en la joie infinie."
+
+The verses are written on a sheet of paper, by Mary herself, in a large
+rambling hand. The following literal translation of them was made by a
+countrywoman of Mary's, a lady in beauty of person and elegance of mind by
+no means inferior to that accomplished and unfortunate princess:
+
+ "Alas, what am I? and in what estate?
+    A wretched corse bereaved of its heart,
+  An empty shadow, lost, unfortunate:
+    To die is now in life my only part.
+  Foes to my greatness, let your envy rest,
+    In me no taste for grandeur now is found;
+  Consum'd by grief, with heavy ills oppress'd,
+    Your wishes and desires will soon be crown'd.
+  And you, my friends, who still have held me dear,
+    Bethink you, that when health and heart are fled,
+    And ev'ry hope of future good is dead,
+ 'Tis time to wish our sorrows ended here;
+  And that this punishment on earth is given,
+  That my pure soul may rise to endless bliss in heaven."
+
+Immediately before her execution she repeated the following Latin prayer,
+composed by herself, {173} and which has been set to a beautiful plaintive
+air, by Dr. Harington of Bath:
+
+ "O Domine Deus speravi in te!
+  O care mi Jesu, nunc libera me!
+  In durâ catenâ, in miserâ poenâ desidero te!
+  Languendo, gemendo, et genuflectendo,
+  Adoro, imploro, ut liberes me!"
+
+It may be thus paraphrased:
+
+ "In this last solemn and tremendous hour,
+  My Lord, my Saviour, I invoke Thy power!
+  In these sad pangs of anguish and of death,
+  Receive, O Lord, Thy suppliant's parting breath!
+  Before Thy hallowed cross she prostrate lies,
+  O hear her prayers, commiserate her sighs!
+  Extend thy arms of mercy and of love,
+  And bear her to thy peaceful realms above."
+          _Anecdotes of some Distinguished Persons_,
+              8vo. London, 1795, vol. i. p. 154.
+
+H. E.
+
+_Tandem D. O. M._ (Vol. iii., p. 62.)--I would suggest that this
+inscription might be resolved into
+
+ "Tandem Deus Otia Misit,"
+
+a thanksgiving for the fulfilment of some oft-made prayer or long-cherished
+hope; the idea--if I am right in my conjecture--having probably been taken
+from the 6th line of Virgil's 1st Eclogue--
+
+ "O Melibæe! deus nobis hæc otia fecit."
+
+Any accounts that remain of the great Carthaginian Captain's Cornish
+namesake, may perhaps tend to show that he had preferred the "otium cum
+dignitate" of literary leisure to the turmoil of the battle of life, and to
+the use of the _harness_, whether civil or military, that it had forced him
+to wear.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+  Temple.
+
+    [J. V. S. suggests, "May it not in its complete state be 'Tandem Deo,
+    Optimo et Maximo,' and its translation, 'When all is done, let praise
+    be to God most mighty and most beneficent?'" and X. Z. says, "Possibly,
+    'Tandem desiderato opere mactus'--not, I think, a very choice specimen
+    of Latinity, but perhaps good enough for a fly-leaf."]
+
+_Tandem D. O. M._ (Vol. iii., p. 62.).--Is not D. O. M. the common
+abbreviation for "Deo Optimo Maximo?" and so the whole phrase an
+acknowledgment by the painful (and probably pious) collector of the most
+interesting library referred to, of his thanks to God on having "_at
+length_" obtained possession of some long-coveted folio, or
+vainly-sought-for edition?
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+  Ecclesfield.
+
+_D. O. M._--I am emboldened by the Query respecting "Tandem D. O. M. (Vol.
+iii., p. 62.) to ask, what is the solution of D. O. M.? On the head of a
+tombstone, the inscription is frequent on the continent. I am aware that it
+is interpreted "Deo Optimo Maximo" when occurring in the dedication of a
+church; but it appears on a tomb to supply the place of our M.S., or the
+D. M. of the Romans. Can any of your readers give me the true meaning? It
+must be well known, I should think, to all who have studied inscriptions.
+As I am indebted to Faber Marinus for an excuse for putting this Query, it
+is only courteous to suggest a solution to his D. O. M.--may it be "Datus
+omnino Musis?"
+
+[Greek: Ôô.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+To such of our readers, and we believe they form neither the least numerous
+nor the least intelligent portion of our friends, who consider the columns
+which we devote to _Folk Lore_ among the most interesting parts of our
+paper, we recommend an attentive perusal of a little work, which has just
+reached a second edition, and which is calculated to invest with fresh
+interest that very curious subject. We allude to Dr. Herbert Mayo's volume
+_On the Truths contained in Popular Superstitions, with an Account of
+Mesmerism_. Dr. Mayo's object is "to exhibit in their true light the
+singular natural phenomena by which old superstition and modern
+charlatanism have in turn profited,--to indicate their laws, and to
+develope their theory"--and he does this in a way to excite the reader's
+deepest attention, and to convince him that there are more things in heaven
+and earth than are dreamt of in his philosophy.
+
+_Daily Steps towards Heaven, or Practical Thoughts on the Gospel History,
+and especially on the Life and Teaching of our Lord Jesus Christ. For every
+Day in the Year, according to the Christian Seasons, with Titles and
+Characters of Christ, and a Harmony of the Four Gospels_, is the ample and
+descriptive title of a small devotional volume, which has been received
+with such favour by all classes of churchmen as to have passed through two
+large editions in little more than a twelve-month; which is better
+testimony to its merits than any we could give.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Monday next, and the five
+following days, a valuable collection of Books, from the library of a
+gentleman in the country, among which will be found some curious early
+English Tracts relating to the Church, and some scarce poetical pieces.
+
+Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, will sell on Monday, and
+five following days, the valuable library of the late Rev. George Innes,
+Head Master of the King's School, Warwick; together with the library of a
+clergyman.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Dr. Pusey's Letter to the Lord Bishop of London, in
+explanation of some Statements contained in a Letter by the Rev. W.
+Dodsworth._
+
+_Directions for the Preservation of English Antiquities, especially those
+of the First Three Periods._ By J. Y. Akerman. This little tract, which is
+illustrated with numerous woodcuts, has been prepared by the Secretary of
+the Society of Antiquaries, in a cheap form (it is sold {174} for a
+penny!), that by its wide circulation, especially among agricultural
+labourers, it may be the means of preserving many remains of interest. Is
+it too much to ask those who approve of Mr. Akerman's object to assist in
+its circulation; and to further that object by depositing any articles
+which it may be the means of rescuing from destruction either in the
+British Museum, or the Museum of the Society of Antiquaries.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+Cheap Book Circular, and Catalogue of Books in all Languages; J. Russell
+Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho) Catalogue of Ancient Manuscripts on
+Vellum and Paper; Deeds, Charters, and other Documents relating to English
+Families and Counties; Hebrew Manuscripts, Autograph Letters, &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+  COMENII (JOAN. AMOS) UNIUS NECESSARII, Amst. 1668, 4to.
+  ---- DE INDEPENDENTIÂ, Amst. 1661, 12mo.
+  ---- RAYMONDI SEBUNDI THEOLOGIA NATURALIS, Amst. 1661, 12mo.
+  ---- DE REGULÂ FIDEI, Amst., 1658, 12mo.
+  ---- DE NATURA CALORIS ET FRIGORIS, Amst., 1660, 12mo.
+  (COMENII (J. A.) SED ANON.) CARTESIUS CUM SUÂ PHILOSOPHIÂ EVERSUS, 12mo.
+  RIPAMONTII (JOS.) HISTORIA MEDIOLANENSIS, Mediol., 1648, 5 Vols. fol.
+  MARESII (SAML.) ANTIRRHETICON CONTRA J. A. COMENIUM, Groning, 4to.
+  ERASTI (THOMÆ) DE AURO POTABILI, Basil, 1578, 8vo.
+  ---- DISPUTATIONES DE MEDICINA PHILIPPI PARACELSI, 4 Parts, 4to., Basil,
+      1572.
+  VARRO (TERENT.) DE LINGUÂ LATINÂ CUM NOTIS G. SCIOPPII, Ingolds., 1665,
+      8vo.
+  EPISTOLA NOBILISSIMI ET LITERATISSIMI VIRI (i.e. DANL. EREMITÆ) PATAVIO
+      AD GASPAREM SCIOPPIUM ROMAM SCRIPTA, 1610, 4to.
+  MACRI (NICODEMI) CUM NICOLAO CRASSO DISCEPTATIO DE PARÆNESI CARDINALIS
+      BARONII AD REMPUB. VENETAM, Venet., 1607, 8vo.
+  POMPOMATII (PETRI) OPERUM NOMENCLATOR EX BIBLIOTHECÂ JO. BOURDELOTII,
+      Paris, 1633, 8vo.
+  LICETI (FORTUN.) DE PROPRIORUM OPERUM HISTORIA, PATAV. 1634, 4to.
+  SCALIGERI (JUL. CÆS.) ORATIO DE OPTIMO DICENDI GENERE CONTRA ERASMUM,
+      Lutet., 1537, 8vo.
+  PUTEANI (ERYCII) POMPA PROSPHONETICA, Lovan., 1639, 8vo.
+  WOTTONI (HEN.) EPISTOLA DE GASPARE SCIOPPIO, Amberg., 1613, 8vo.
+  LAVANDÆ (EUGENII) GRAMMATICUS PÆDICUS, 1638, 12mo.
+  ---- GRAMMATICUS PALÆPHATIUS, 1639, 12mo.
+  ---- NOTÆ ASTRUM INEXTINCTUM, 1641, 8vo.
+  SPECTATOR NEWSPAPER, No. 1102. for Sept. 11th, 1847. (Ten Shillings will
+      be given for a clean copy.)
+  GRETSER (JACOBUS) OPERA OMNIA DE SANCTA CRUCE ACCURATE RECOGNITA MULTIS
+      PARTIBUS LOCUPLETATA ET UNO IN VOLUMINE EDITA. Folio, Ingolst. 1616.
+  MICHAEL DRAYTON'S WORKS, 4 Vols. 8vo. 1753.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+M. A. H. "_A Skeleton in every House._" _This saying doubtless had its
+origin in an Italian Story. See our Second Vol.,_ p. 231.
+
+L. J., _who inquires about the name_ Rotten Row, _is referred to our Second
+Vol._, p. 235.
+
+J. N. CHADWICK. "_A Rowland for an Oliver_" _is explained in our Second
+Vol._, p. 132; _and "As Lazy as Ludlam's Dog," which is a kindred proverb,
+to his "Lazy as Hall's Dog," in_ Vol. i., p. 475.; Vol. ii., p. 42.
+
+M. R. _The Royal Arms from William the Conqueror (?) to the time of Henry
+II. were two lions passant gardant; but Henry II., on his marriage with
+Eleanor, added her arms, a lion passant gardant, to his own; making the
+three lions, which have continued to the present day to be the insignia of
+England. See Parker's_ Glossary of Heraldry.
+
+CHARLES H. MARKHAM. _The figures on the chemist's bottles are the signs
+denoting the seven planets, which the alchemist formerly employed in common
+with the astrologer. See a curious article entitled_ Astrology and Alchemy
+_in the_ Quarterly Review, Vol. xxi. pp. 180. _et seq._
+
+VARRO _is right in his conjecture; and thanked for his kindness and good
+wishes. Will he not unmask?_
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED. _Waste-book--Fronte Capillatâ--North Side of
+Churches--"Talk not of Love"--Sixes and Sevens--George Herbert at Leighton
+Bromswold--Scandal against Queen Elizabeth--Aver--Anticipations of Modern
+Ideas--Scaligers--Snail, Snail--Nettle in--Cushion Dance--Shakspeare's
+Captious--Sun, stand thou still--Barons of Hugh Lupus--Predeceased and
+Designed--The Spider and the Fly--Crede quod habes--Culprits torn by
+Horses--"Antony and Cleopatra"--Ballad editing--By Hook or by
+Crook--Blunder--True Blue--Steele's Birth-place--Machell's MSS.--Sir Andrew
+Chadwick--Gray's Elegy--Crossing Rivers on Skins--Passage in
+Tennyson--Jurare ad Caput--Lines on Woman--Chapters in English
+Bibles--Dozen of Bread--Cum Grano Salis--Warming-pans--Langholme Fair--The
+Fir Cone._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
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+
+_Errata._--No. 69. p. 152. col. 2. l. 6., for "_paternoster_, i.e." read
+"_paternostreè_"; and in some copies of No. 63, in the last stanza of the
+Digby Poems, "Pa_w_ and Ma_w_" had not been corrected, as they should have
+been, to "Pa_n_ and Ma_n_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+THE ADVERTISER is desirous of meeting with a Situation as AMANUENSIS, or
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+EVERYTHING FOR THE TOILET at MECHI'S MANUFACTORY, 4. LEADENHALL
+STREET.--Superior hair, nail, tooth, shaving, and flesh brushes, clothes
+and hat brushes, combs, washing and shaving soaps. Various nail and corn
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+gentlemen's dressing-cases, with or without fittings, in Russia leather,
+mahogany, rosewood and japan ware, ladies' companions and pocket-books,
+elegantly fitted, also knitting-boxes, envelope cases, card cases, note and
+cake baskets, beautiful inkstands, and an infinity of recherche articles
+not to be equalled.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Published this Day, 12mo., cloth, 5s.
+
+THE DIALECT AND FOLK-LORE OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. A Glossary of
+Northamptonshire Provincialisms; Collection of Fairy Legends, Popular
+Superstitions, Ancient Customs, Proverbs, &c. By THOMAS STERNBERG.
+
+London: J. RUSSELL SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+FOREIGN LITERATURE.
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+D. NUTT begs to call the Attention of the Public to his Establishment for
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+in London, and is being continually augmented by Weekly Importations from
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+270. Strand (opposite Arundel Street), removed from Fleet Street.
+
+{175}
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+
+In the Press.
+
+THE THIRD AND FOURTH VOLUMES OF THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By EDWARD FOSS,
+F.S.A. Comprehending the period from Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to
+1485.
+
+Lately published, price 28s.
+
+VOLUMES I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end of Henry
+III., 1066 to 1272.
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+ARNOLD'S DEMOSTHENES, WITH ENGLISH NOTES.
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+In 12mo., price 4s. 6d.
+
+THE ORATION OF DEMOSTHENES ON THE CROWN, edited, from the best Text, with
+ENGLISH NOTES, and Grammatical References. By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER
+ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College,
+Cambridge.
+
+RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;
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+Of whom may be had, by the SAME EDITOR (with ENGLISH NOTES):
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+1. THE OLYNTHIAC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES. 3s.
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+2. THE AJAX OF SOPHOCLES. 3s.
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+3. THE PHILOCTETES OF SOPHOCLES. (In the Press.)
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+HORÆ VACIVÆ.
+
+Just published, in Fcap. 16mo. (printed by C. WHITTINGHAM, Chiswick), price
+4s. 6d. bound in cloth,
+
+A THOUGHT BOOK--HORÆ VACIVÆ; or, a Thought Book of the Wise Spirits of all
+Ages and all Countries, fit for all Men and all Hours. Collected, arranged,
+and edited by JAMES ELMES, Author of "Memoirs of Sir Christopher Wren," &c.
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, in 2 vols. 8vo. price 28s., cloth,
+
+THE SAXONS IN ENGLAND: a History of the English Commonwealth till the
+Period of the Norman Conquest. By JOHN M. KEMBLE, M.A., F.C.P.S.
+
+"The work throughout conveys a clearer idea of the life and character of
+the Saxons in England than anything we have met with elsewhere. * * * This
+account of THE SAXONS IN ENGLAND will indicate its historical and
+archæological value; but these are not its only uses. The lawyer will find
+in its pages the germs of our common law, especially relating to land; and
+the ethnologist or political philosopher will meet with much assistance in
+his inquiries into the early social condition of mankind."--_Spectator._
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Will be published, in 8vo., price 3s. 6d., March 1st,
+
+THE NUMISMATIST: A Monthly Publication, exclusively devoted to the familiar
+Illustration of the SCIENCE OF NUMISMATOGRAPHY, or that Branch of
+Antiquarian Research which relates to ANCIENT COINS and MEDALS. By
+MAXIMILIAN BORRELL.
+
+London JOHN HEARNE, 81. Strand; ROLLIN, 12. Rue Vivienne, Paris; BAILLIERE,
+New York.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY.
+
+Now ready, Vol. IV. price 1l. 16s. cloth boards.
+
+Vols. I. II. and III., price 1l. 19s. 6d. each, and cases for binding the
+Vols. always on hand.
+
+*** Subscribers who may desire to complete their copies can do so from the
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+
+To be had of Mr. SOWERBY, 3. Mead Place, Lambeth; and of all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DR. PUSEY'S DEFENCE, OF HIS OWN PRINCIPLES: A Letter to the Bishop of
+London in Explanation of some Statements contained in a Letter by the Rev.
+W. Dodsworth. By the Rev. E. B. PUSEY, D.D. Third and Cheaper Edition.
+18mo. pp. 196. 1s.
+
+Also now ready, 8vo., price 1s.
+
+DR. PUSEY'S RENEWED EXPLANATIONS, in consequence of the Rev. W. Dodsworth's
+Comments on the above.
+
+Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 377. Strand, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1851.
+Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a List of the
+Foundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together with an
+Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them. Post 8vo. 4s.
+
+London: JOHN HENRY PARKER, 377. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for March 1851 contains among others the following
+articles:--The State Paper Office (being the first of a series of Papers on
+the present state of English Historical Literature).--Newly Discovered
+Poems by Bishop Hall.--Saint Francis and the Franciscans.--The Glossary of
+Architecture.--The Story of Nell Gwyn, Chapter III. (being part of an
+original work by Peter Cunningham, Esq., F. S. A., now in course of
+publication in the Magazine).--Nineveh and Persepolis restored (with
+Engravings).--The Character of Socrates.--Baronial and Ecclesiastical
+Antiquities of Scotland (with Engravings).--Seize Quartiers of Queen
+Anne.--Notes of the Month.--Review of New Works.--Full Reports of the
+Society of Antiquarians and other Archæological Societies.--Historical
+Chronicle, and Obituary, including Memoirs of the Duke of Newcastle, the
+Countess of Warwick, Lord Viscount Alford, Field-Marshal Grosvenor, William
+Holmes, Esq., George Taylor, Esq., of Witton, &c., &c.--Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS and SON, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day, Part 12, price 9s. plain; 10s. 6d. tinted, Proofs, large paper,
+12s.
+
+THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. By HENRY BOWMAN and JOSPEH S. CROWTHER,
+Architects, Manchester.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+St. Stephen's, Etton, Northamptonshire.--South Elevation.
+
+St. Peter's, Threekingham, Lincolnshire.--Belfry Windows and Lower
+Lucarnes, N. E. and W. Sides of Spire: Lower Lucarnes S. Side of Spire, and
+1st, 2nd, and 3rd Tier of Spire Lights: Inner South Doorway and North
+Doorway: Mouldings, Full Size.
+
+St. Andrew's, Heckington, Lincolnshire.--North Doorway, Nave Piers and
+Archmouldings. Caps and Bases, Nave, Transept, Choir and Tower Arches.
+
+To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing 6 Plates, imperial folio.
+
+"We can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily recommend this
+series to all who are able to patronize it."--_Ecclesiologist._
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day, No. 6., price 2s. 6d.,
+
+DETAILS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, Measured and Drawn from existing Examples.
+By JAMES K. COLLING, Architect.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+  Doorway from Etton Church, Yorkshire.
+  Priest's Doorways from Denton Church, Norfolk, and Higham Ferrers Church,
+      Northamptonshire.
+  Window from Frampton Church, Lincolnshire.
+  Tracery and Groining from Beverley Minster.
+  One Compartment of Nave and Label Terminations from St. Mary's Church,
+      Beverley.
+
+{176}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, FOR MARCH, 1851, Number Nineteen of
+
+John Miller's Catalogue of Books, Old and New,
+
+On Sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square.
+
+THIS SERIES OF CATALOGUES For 1851, CONTAINS
+
+No. 1.
+
+Books on Architecture, Painting, and Fine Arts Generally, Heraldry, Family
+History, Poetry, and the Drama.
+
+No. 2.
+
+Classics, Coins, Ireland, Language, Phrenology, Sports and Games.
+
+No. 3.
+
+Bibles and Bible Prints, Manuscripts, Banking & Currency, London,
+Shakspeare, History, Chronicles and Divinity.
+
+No. 4.
+
+(_The present list_)
+
+Comprises Books on all the previous enumerated subjects, besides some
+highly interesting Pictorial Works, Antiquarian Publications, Club Books,
+and an extensive Collection of Miscellanies.
+
+POST OFFICE ORDERS SHOULD BE MADE PAYABLE AT THE CHARING CROSS OFFICE.
+
+A Catalogue is Published Monthly with occasional Supplemental Sheets, and
+can be had GRATIS by any Book-buyer, on application to the Publisher. It
+will be found to comprise a judicious selection of works in every
+department of Literature, in various Languages, Ancient and Modern. Each
+Year's Series of Catalogues embrace upwards of 10,000 Distinct Works.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AMERICA. Being the Latest and most Accurate Description of the New World,
+and the Remarkable Voyages thither, with the Conquest of Mexico and Peru,
+by OGLEBY, folio, calf, gilt, illustrated with upwards of 120 fine
+engravings, maps, and port., 18s. 6d.   1671.
+
+AN ANALYSIS of the Picture of the Transfiguration of Raffaello Sanzio
+D'Urbino, the Letterpress in English, atlas folio, half russia, fine
+portrait of Raphael, plate of the Transfiguration, and 17 beautiful
+mezzotinto heads, the size of the original picture traced by M. Gauband,
+engraved by Godby, 1l. 5s.   1817.
+
+ANNUAL REGISTER (The New), a General Repository of History, Politics, and
+Literature from the commencement in 1780 to 1817, 38 vols. 8vo. half
+russia, neat, 2l. 2s.   1784-1817.
+
+Comprises the most eventful period of European history.
+
+ARCHÆOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, The Journal of, from its commencement to January
+1850, 20 parts, 8vo. numerous engravings of antiquities, 2l. 2s.   1845-50.
+
+CAMDEN'S (Wm.) Britannia, or a Chorographical Description of Great Britain,
+and Ireland, together with the adjacent Islands, Revised and Digested, with
+Large Additions, by EDMUND GIBSON, Bishop of Lincoln, 2 vols. folio, calf,
+neat, maps of the counties, prints of coins, and port. by White, 1l. 4s.
+1753.
+
+CATROU and ROUILLE, Roman History, with Notes, Historical, Geographical,
+and Critical, 6 vols. folio, calf, gilt, fine copy, illustrated with
+numerous copperplates, maps, and medals. 1l. 10s.   1737.
+
+CHAUCER (Geffrey). The Works of our Ancient and Learned English Poet, with
+many Additions, folio, cf. neat, black letter, port., 1l. 5s.   Islip,
+1598.
+
+DART'S History and Antiquities of Westminster Abbey: an Account of its
+Ancient Building, Altar, Reliques, Customs, Saxon Charters, &c., Lives of
+the Abbots, &c., 2 vols. folio, nearly 200 fine engravings, with all the
+arms of the subscribers, calf, gilt, fine copy, 1l. 11s. 6d.   1720.
+
+DART (J.) History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury,
+and the once Adjoining Monastery, folio, calf, neat, fine plates, 1l. 1s.
+1726.
+
+DAVENANT (Sir William), The Works, now first collected and published from
+the Original Copies, folio, calf, gilt, fine copy, port., 14s. 6d.   1673.
+
+DRYDEN'S (J.) Comedies, Tragedies, and Operas, 2 vols. folio, calf, neat,
+good copy, with the fine portrait engraved by Edelinck, 12s. 6d.   1701.
+
+ENGRAVINGS after the Best Pictures of the Great Masters, with Descriptions
+in French and English. Large atlas folio, elegantly half bound, morocco,
+gilt edges. 20 fine plates, 2l. 12s. 6d.   1844.
+
+FAULKNER'S Account of Chelsea, 2 vols. 8vo. large paper, proof plates, each
+leaf separately and neatly inlaid in royal 4to. for illustrating, only 1l.
+5s.   1820.
+
+QUARTERLY JOURNAL of Science and Art, edited by BRANDE, at the Royal
+Institution of Great Britain, from its Commencement in 1816, to its
+Conclusion in 1831, complete in 32 vols. 8vo. bound in 16, half calf, very
+neat, numerous engravings, 2l. 15s.   1816-32.
+
+ROY'S (Le) Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain, and their
+Particular System of Castramelation, illustrated from Vestiges of the Camps
+of Agricola, &c., published by the Society of Antiquaries, imp. folio, 51
+fine plates, half bound, morocco, 1l. 10s.   1793.
+
+SHAKSPEARE, The Works of, collated and corrected by the Former Editions by
+MR. POPE, 6 vols. 4to. calf, gilt, a very neat copy, port., 2l. 2s.   1725.
+
+TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, from its Commencement in 1768 to 1831,
+forming 44 vols. very neatly half bound in calf, uniform, the rest unbound,
+in all 48 vols., illustrated with numerous portraits and plates, 2l. 12s.
+6d.   1768-1826.
+
+WALPOLE'S (Horace) History of the Royal and Noble Authors of England,
+Scotland, and Ireland, with a List of their Works, enlarged and continued
+to the present Time by T. PARK, 5 vols. 8vo. 150 fine original and very
+brilliant impressions, elegantly bound in russia, marble edges, 3l. 3s.
+1806.
+
+JOHN MILLER, 43. CHANDOS STREET, TRAFALGAR SQUARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 1. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 70, March 1,
+1851, by Various
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