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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 26, 2007 [EBook #23205]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{177}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 71.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 8. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+
+  On Two Passages in "All's Well that Ends Well," by
+  S. W. Singer                                                177
+
+  George Herbert and the Church of Leighton Bromswold         178
+
+  Folk Lore:--Sacramental Wine--"Snail, Snail, come
+  out of your Hole"--Nievie-nick-nack                         179
+
+  Records at Malta                                            180
+
+  On an Ancient MS. of "Bedæ Historia Ecclesiastica"          180
+
+  Minor Queries:--The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes--
+  Writing-paper--Little Casterton (Rutland)
+  Church--The Hippopotamus--Specimens of Foreign
+  English--St. Clare--Dr. Dodd--Hats of Cardinals
+  and Notaries Apostolic--Baron Munchausen's Frozen
+  Horn--Contracted Names of Places                            181
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Bibliographical Queries                                     182
+
+  Enigmatical Epitaph                                         184
+
+  Shakspeare's "Merchant of Venice"                           185
+
+  Minor Queries:--Was Lord Howard of Effingham a
+  Protestant or a Papist?--Lord Bexley: how descended
+  from Cromwell--Earl of Shaftesbury--Family of
+  Peyton--"La Rose nait en un Moment"--John
+  Collard the Logician--Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan--
+  Haybands in Seals--Edmund Prideaux, and the
+  First Post-office--William Tell Legend--Arms of
+  Cottons buried in Landwade Church--Sir George
+  Buc's Treatise on the Stage--A Cracowe Pike--St.
+  Thomas of Trunnions--Paper mill near Stevenage--
+  Mounds, Munts, Mounts--Church Chests--The
+  Cross-bill--Iovanni Volpe--Auriga--To speak in
+  Lutestring--"Lavora, come se tu," &c.--Tomb of
+  Chaucer--Family of Clench                                   185
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Cranmer's Descendants                                       188
+
+  Dutch Popular Song-book, by J. H. van Lennep                189
+
+  Barons of Hugh Lupus                                        189
+
+  Shakspeare's "Antony and Cleopatra"                         190
+
+  "Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon!"                        191
+
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Harrison's
+  Chronology--Mistletoe on Oaks--Swearing by
+  Swans--Jurare ad caput animalium--Ten Children
+  at a Birth--Richard Standfast--"Jurat, crede minus"--
+  Rab Surdam--The Scaligers--Lincoln Missal--
+  By-and-bye--Gregory the Great--True Blue--
+  Drachmarus--The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex--
+  Red Hand--Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe--
+  Meaning of Waste-book--Deus Justificatus--
+  Touchstone's Dial--Ring Dials--Cockade--Rudbeck's
+  Atlantica, &c.                                              191
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      198
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                199
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                   199
+
+  Advertisements                                              200
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+ON TWO PASSAGES IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL."
+
+Among the few passages in Shakspeare upon which little light has been
+thrown, after all that has been written about them, are the following in
+Act. IV. Sc. 2. of _All's Well that Ends Well_, where Bertram is persuading
+Diana to yield to his desires:
+
+ "_Bert._ I pr'ythee, do not strive against my vows:
+    I was compell'd to her; but I love thee
+    By love's own sweet constraint, and will for ever
+    Do thee all rights of service.
+
+  _Dia._ Ay, so you serve us,
+    Till we serve you: but when you have our roses,
+    You barely leave our thorns to prick ourselves,
+    And mock us with our bareness.
+
+  _Bert._ How have I sworn?
+
+  _Dia._ 'Tis not the many oaths that make the truth;
+    But the plain single vow, that is vow'd true.
+    What is not holy, that we swear not by,
+    But take the Highest to witness: Then, pray you, tell me,
+    If I should swear by Jove's great attributes,
+    I love'd you dearly, would you believe my oaths,
+    When I did love you ill? this has no holding,
+    To swear by him _whom I protest to love_,
+    That I will work against him."
+
+Read--"_when_ I protest to _Love_."
+
+It is evident that Diana refers to Bertram's double vows, his marriage vow,
+and the subsequent vow or _protest_ he had made not to keep it. "If I
+should swear by Jove I loved you dearly, would you believe my oath when I
+loved you ill? This has no consistency, to swear by _Jove_, when secretly I
+protest to _Love_ that I will work against him (_i.e._ against the oath I
+have taken to Jove)."
+
+Bertram had _sworn by the Highest_ to love his wife; in his letter to his
+mother he says:
+
+    "I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the _not_
+    eternal:"
+
+he secretly _protests to Love_ to work against his sacred oath; and in his
+following speech he says:
+
+ "Be not so cruel-holy, Love is holy."
+
+He had before said:
+
+         "----do not strive against my vows:
+  I was compell'd to her; but I love thee
+  By Love's own sweet constraint:"
+
+clearly indicating that this must be the true sense of the passage. By
+printing _when_ for _whom_, and _Love_ with a capital letter, to indicate
+the personification, all is made clear. {178}
+
+After further argument from Bertram, Diana answers:
+
+ "I see that men _make ropes in such a scarre_
+  That we'll forsake ourselves."
+
+This Rowe altered to "make _hopes_ in such _affairs_," and Malone to "make
+_hopes_ in such _a scene_." Others, and among them Mr. Knight and Mr.
+Collier, retain the old reading, and vainly endeavour to give it a meaning,
+understanding the word _scarre_ to signify a _rock_ or _cliff_, with which
+it has nothing to do in this passage. There can be no doubt that "make
+_ropes_" is a misprint for "make _hopes_," which is evidently required by
+the context, "that we'll forsake ourselves." It then only remains to show
+what is meant by _a scarre_, which signifies here _anything that causes
+surprise or alarm_; what we should now write _a scare_. Shakspeare has used
+the same orthography, _scarr'd_, i.e. _scared_, in _Coriolanus_ and in
+_Winter's Tale_. There is also abundant evidence that this was its old
+orthography, indicative of the broad sound the word then had, and which it
+still retains in the north. Palsgrave has both the noun and the verb in
+this form: "_Scarre_, to _scar_ crowes, espouventail." And again, "I
+_scarre_ away or feare away, as a man doth crowes or such like; je
+escarmouche." The French word might lead to the conclusion that _a scarre_
+might be used for _a skirmish_. (See Cotgrave in v. Escarmouche.) I once
+thought we should read "in such a _warre_," _i.e._ conflict.
+
+In Minshen's _Guide to the Tongues_, we have:
+
+    "To SCARRE, videtur confictum ex _sono_ oves vel aliud quid abigentium
+    et terrorem illis incutientium. Gall. _Ahurir_ ratione eadem:" vi. _to
+    feare, to fright_.
+
+Objections have been made to the expression "make hopes;" but the poet
+himself in _King Henry VIII._ has "more than I dare _make faults_," and
+repeats the phrase in one of his sonnets: surely there is nothing more
+singular in it than in the common French idiom, "_faire des espérances_."
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GEORGE HERBERT AND THE CHURCH AT LEIGHTON BROMSWOLD.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 85.)
+
+I have great pleasure in laying before your readers the following
+particulars, which I collected on a journey to Leighton Bromswold,
+undertaken for the purpose of satisfying the Query of E. H. If they will
+turn to _A Priest to the Temple_, ch. xiii., they will find the points to
+which, with others, my attention was more especially directed.
+
+Leighton Church consists of a western tower, nave, north and south porches
+and transepts, and chancel. There are no aisles. As Prebendary of the
+Prebend of Leighton Ecclesia in Lincoln Cathedral, George Herbert was
+entitled to an estate in the parish, and it was no doubt a portion of the
+increase of this property that he devoted to the repairing and beautifying
+of the House of God, then "lying desolate," and unfit for the celebration
+of divine service. Good Izaak Walton, writing evidently upon hearsay
+information, and not of his own personal knowledge, was in error if he
+supposed, as from his language he appears to have done, that George Herbert
+almost rebuilt the church from the foundation, and he must be held to be
+incorrect in describing that part of it which stood as "so decayed, so
+_little_, and so useless." There are portions remaining earlier than George
+Herbert's time, whose work may be readily distinguished by at least four
+centuries; whilst at one end the porches, and at the other the piscina, of
+Early English date, the windows, which are of different styles, and the
+buttresses, afford sufficient proofs that the existing walls are the
+original, and that in size the church has remained unaltered for ages. As
+George Herbert new roofed the sacred edifice throughout, we may infer this
+was the chief structural repair necessary. He also erected the present
+tower, the font, put four windows in the chancel, and reseated the parts
+then used by the congregation.
+
+Except a western organ gallery erected in 1840, two pews underneath it, and
+one elsewhere, these parts, the nave and transepts, remain, in all
+probability, exactly as George Herbert left them. The seats are all
+uniform, of oak, and of the good old open fashion made in the style of the
+seventeenth century. They are so arranged, both in the nave and in the
+transepts, that no person in service time turns his back either upon the
+altar or upon the minister. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. 397.)
+The pulpit against the north, and the reading-desk, with clerk's seat
+attached, against the south side of the chancel-arch, are both of the same
+height, and exactly similar in every respect; both have sounding-boards.
+The font is placed at the west end of the nave, and, together with its
+cover, is part of George Herbert's work; it stands on a single step, and a
+drain carries off the water, as in ancient examples. The shallowness of the
+basin surprised me. A vestry, corresponding in style to the seats, is
+formed by a wooden inclosure in the south transept, which contains "a
+strong and decent chest." Until the erection of the gallery, the tower was
+open to the nave.
+
+The chancel, which is raised one step above the nave, is now partly filled
+with high pews, but, as arranged by the pious prebendary, it is believed to
+have contained only one low bench on either side. The communion table,
+which is elevated by three steps above the level of the chancel, is modern,
+as are also the rails. There is a double Early English piscina in the south
+wall, and an ambry in the north. A plain cross of the seventeenth century
+crowns the eastern gable of the chancel externally.
+
+No doubt there were originally "fit and proper {179} texts of scripture
+everywhere painted;" but, if this were so, they are now concealed by the
+whitewash. Such are not uncommon in neighbouring churches. No "poor man's
+box conveniently seated" remains, but there are indications of its having
+been fixed to the back of the bench nearest to the south door.
+
+The roof is open to the tiles, being, like the seats, Gothic in design and
+of seventeenth century execution. The same may be said of the tower, which
+is battlemented, and finished off with pinnacles surmounted by balls, and
+has a somewhat heavy appearance. But it is solid and substantial, and it is
+evident that no expense was spared to make it--so far as the skill of the
+time could make it--worthy of its purpose and of the donor. There are five
+bells. No. 1. has the inscription:
+
+ "IHS NAZARENVS REX IVDEORVM FILI DEI
+  MISERERE MEI : GEORGE WOOLF VICAR :
+  I : MICHELL : C : W : W : N. 1720."
+
+Nos. 2. 4. and 5. contain the alphabet in Lombardic capitals; but the
+inscription and date on each of them,--
+
+ "THOMAS NOBBIS MADE ME 1641"--
+
+show that they are not of the antiquity which generally renders the few
+specimens we have of alphabet bells so peculiarly interesting, but probably
+they were copied from the bells in the more ancient tower. No. 3. has in
+Lombardic capitals the fragment--
+
+ "ESME: CCATHERINA,"
+
+and is consequently of ante-Reformation date.
+
+The porches are both of the Early English period, and form therefore a very
+noticeable feature.
+
+On the external walls are several highly ornamented spouts, upon some of
+which crosses are figured, and upon one with the date "1632" I discovered
+three crests; but as I could not accurately distinguish what they were
+intended to represent, I will not run the risk of describing them wrongly.
+The wivern, the crest of the Herberts, did not appear; nor, so far as I
+could learn, does the fabric itself afford any clue to him who was the
+principal author of its restoration.
+
+The view from the tower is extensive, and, from the number of spires that
+are visible, very pleasing: fifteen or sixteen village churches are to be
+seen with the naked eye; and I believe that Ely Cathedral, nearly thirty
+miles distant, may be discovered with the aid of a telescope.
+
+ARUN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Sacramental Wine._--In a remote hamlet of Surrey I recently heard the
+following superstition. In a very sickly family, of which the children were
+troubled with bad fits, and the poor mother herself is almost half-witted,
+an infant newly born seemed to be in a very weakly and unnatural state. One
+of the gossips from the neighbouring cottages coming in, with a mysterious
+look said, "Sure, the babby wanted _something_,--a drop of the sacrament
+wine would do it good." On surprise being expressed at such a notion, she
+added "Oh! they often gives it." I do not find any allusion in Brand's
+_Antiquities_ to such popular credence. He mentions the superstition in
+Berkshire, that a ring made from a piece of silver collected at the
+communion (especially that on Easter Sunday) is a cure for convulsions and
+fits.
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+"_Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole_" (Vol. iii., p. 132.).--Your
+correspondent S. W. SINGER has brought to my recollection a verse, which I
+heard some children singing near Exeter, in July last, and noted down, but
+afterwards forgot to send to you:--
+
+ "Snail, snail, shut out your horns;
+    Father and mother are dead:
+  Brother and sister are in the back yard,
+    Begging for barley bread."
+
+GEO. E. FRERE.
+
+Perhaps it would not be uninteresting to add to the records of the
+"Snail-charm" (Vol. iii, p. 132.), that in the south of Ireland, also, the
+same charm, with a more fanciful and less threatening burden, was used
+amongst us children to win from its reserve the startled and offended
+snail. We entreated thus:--
+
+   "Shell a muddy, shell a muddy,
+      Put out your horns,
+    For the king's daughter is
+      Comings to town
+  With a red petticoat and a green gown!"
+
+I fear it is impossible to give a clue as to the meaning of the form of
+invocation, or who was the royal visitor, so nationally clothed, for whose
+sake the snail was expected to be so gracious.
+
+F. J. H.
+
+_Nievie-nick-nack._--A fire-side game, well known in Scotland; described by
+Jamieson, Chambers, and (last, though not least) John M^cTaggart. The
+following version differs from that given by them:--
+
+ "Nievie, nievie, nick, neck,
+  Whilk han will thou tak?
+  Tak the richt, or tak the wrang,
+  I'll beguile thee if I can."
+
+It is alluded to by Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's_, iii. 102.; _Blackwood's
+Magazine_, August, 1821, p. 37.
+
+Rabelais mentions _à la nicnoque_ as one of the games played by Guargantua.
+This is rendered by Urquhart _Nivinivinack: Transl._, p. 94. Jamieson
+(_Supp. to Scot. Dict._, sub voce) adds:
+
+    "The first part of the word seems to be from _Neive_, {180} the fist
+    being employed in the game. Shall we view _nick_ as allied to the E.
+    _v._ signifying 'to touch luckily'?"
+
+Now, there is no such seeming derivation in the first part of the word. The
+_Neive_, though employed in the game, is not the object addressed. It is
+held out to him who is to guess--the conjuror--_and it is he who is
+addressed_, and under a conjuring name. In short (to hazard a wide
+conjecture, it may be), he is invoked in the person of NIC NEVILLE (_Neivie
+Nic_), a sorcerer in the days of James VI., who was burnt at St. Andrew's
+in 1569. If I am right, a curious testimony is furnished to his quondam
+popularity among the common people:
+
+    "From that he past to Sanctandrois, where a notable sorceres callit
+    _Nic Neville_ was condamnit to the death and brynt," &c. &c.--_The
+    Historie and Life of King Jame the Sext_, p. 40. Edin. 1825. Bannatyne
+    Club Ed.
+
+J. D. N. N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RECORDS AT MALTA.
+
+Let me call _your_ attention, as well as that of your readers (for good may
+come from both), to an article in the December No. of the _Archæological
+Journal_, 1850, entitled "Notice of Documents preserved in the Record
+Office at Malta;" an article which I feel sure ought to be more publicly
+known, both for the sake of the reading world at large, and the high
+character bestowed upon the present keeper of those records, M. Luigi
+Vella, under whose charge they have been brought to a minute course of
+investigation. There may be found here many things worthy of elucidation;
+many secret treasures, whether for the archæologist, bibliopole, or herald,
+that only require your widely disseminated "brochure" to bring nearer to
+our own homes and our own firesides. It is with this view that I venture to
+express a hope, that a _précis_ of that article may not be deemed
+irregular; which point, of course, I must leave to your good judgment and
+good taste to decide, being a very Tyro in archæology, and no book-worm
+(though I really love a book), so I know nothing of _their_ points of
+etiquette. At the same time I must, in justice to Mr. A. Milward (the
+writer of the notice, and to whom I have not the honour of being known),
+entreat his pardon for the plagiarism, if such it can be called, having
+only the common "reciprocation of ideas" at heart; and remain as ever an
+humble follower under Captain Cuttle's standard.
+
+One Corporal WHIP.
+
+    PRÉCIS of _Documents preserved in Record Office, Malta_.
+
+    Six volumes of Records, parchment, consisting of Charters from
+    Sovereigns and Princes, Grants of Land, and other documents connected
+    with the Order of St. John from its establishment by Pope Pascal II.,
+    whose original bull is perfect.
+
+    Two volumes of Papers connected with the Island of Malta before it came
+    into the possession of the Knights, from year 1397 to beginning of
+    sixteenth century.
+
+    A book of Privileges of the Maltese, compiled about 200 years ago.
+
+    Several volumes of original letters from men of note: among whom we may
+    mention, Viceroys of Sicily, Sovereigns of England. One from the
+    Pretender, dated 1725, from Rome; three from Charles II., and one from
+    his admiral, John Narbrough. Numerous Processes of Nobility, containing
+    much of value to many noble families; of these last, Mr. Vella has
+    taken the trouble of separating, all those referring to any English
+    families.
+
+    Also a volume of fifteenth century, containing the accounts of the
+    commanderies. This is a continuation of an older and still more
+    interesting volume, which is now in the Public Library.
+
+For further particulars, see _Archælogical Journal_, December, 1850, p.
+369.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON AN ANCIENT MS. OF "BEDÆ HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA."
+
+Some gentleman connected with the cathedral library of Lincoln may possibly
+be able to give me some information respecting a MS. copy of the _Historia
+Ecclesiastica_ of Beda in my possession, and of which the following
+circumstances are therein apparent:--It is plainly a MS. of great
+antiquity, on paper, and in folio. On a fly-leaf it has an inscription,
+apparently of contemporaneous date, and which is repeated in a more modern
+hand on the next page with additions, as follows:
+
+    "Hunc librum legavit Will[=m]s Dadyngton qu^odam Vicarius de Barton sup
+    humbre ecclie Lincoln ut e[=e]t sub custodia Vicecancellarii."
+
+Then follows:--
+
+    "Script[=u] p manus Nic[=o]i Belytt Vicecancellarii iiii^{to} die
+    m[=e]sis Octob^r Anno Dni milles[=i]mo q[=u]icentessimo decimoqu[=i]to
+    et Lr[=a] dñicalius G et Anno pp henrici octavi sexto."
+
+In the hand of John, father of the more celebrated Ralph Thoresby, is
+added:
+
+    "Nunc e Libris Jo[/h]is Thoresby de Leedes emp. Executor^{bus} Tho. Dñi
+    Fairfax, 1673."
+
+Through what hands it may have passed since, I have no means of knowing;
+but it came into mine from Mr. J. Wilson, 19. Great May's Buildings, St.
+Martin's Lane, London, in whose Catalogue for December, 1831, it appeared,
+and was purchased by me for 3l. 3s.
+
+There it is conjectured to be of the twelfth century, and from the
+character there is no reason to doubt that antiquity. It is on paper, and
+has been ill-used. It proceeds no farther than into lib. v. c. xii.,
+otherwise, from the beginning complete. The different public libraries of
+the country abound in MSS. of this book. It is probable {181} that, under
+the civil commotions in the reign of Charles I. the MS. in my possession
+came into the hands of General Fairfax, and thence into those of John
+Thoresby: so that no blame can possibly attach to the present, or even some
+past, generations, of the curators of any library, whether cathedral or
+private. It is, at all events, desirable to trace the pedigree of existing
+MSS. of important works, where such information is attainable.
+
+Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to inform me what became of
+the library of Ralph Thoresby; for into his possession, there can be little
+doubt, it came from his father.
+
+J. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes._--In the cabinet of a lover of
+_Folk-lore_ are two quaint and humble memorials by which two "inglorious
+Miltons" have perpetuated their affection, each in characteristic sort. The
+one was a potter; the other, probably, a shepherd. The "pignus amoris" of
+the former is a small earthenware vessel in the shape of a book, intended
+apparently to hold a "nosegay" of flowers. The book has yellow clasps, and
+is authentically inscribed on its sides, thus:
+
+ "The. Love. Is. True.
+  That. I. owe. You.
+  Then. se. you. Bee.
+  The. Like. To. Mee.
+
+  (_On the other side._)
+
+ "The. Gift. Is. Small.
+  Good. will. Is. all.
+  Jeneuery. y^e 12 day.
+        1688."
+
+The shepherd's love gift is a wooden implement, very neatly carved, and
+intended to hold knitting-needles. On the front it has this couplet:
+
+ "WHEN THIS YOV SEE.
+  REMEMBER MEE. MW.
+
+      (_On one side._)
+
+      MW. 1673."
+
+To an uninformed mind these sincere records of honest men seem as much
+"signs of the times" as the perfumed sonnets dropped by expiring swains
+into the vases of "my lady Betty," and "my lady Bab," with a view to
+publication.
+
+H. G. T.
+
+_Writing-paper._--I have long been subject to what, in my case, I feel to
+be a serious annoyance. For the last twenty years I have been unable to
+purchase any letter-paper which I can write upon with comfort and
+satisfaction. At first, I was allowed to choose between plain and
+hot-pressed; but now I find it impossible to meet with any, which is not
+glazed or smeared over with some greasy coating, which renders it very
+disagreeable for use with a common quill--and I cannot endure a steel pen.
+My style of writing, which is a strong round Roman hand, is only suited for
+a quill.
+
+Can any of your correspondents put me in the way of procuring the good
+honest letter-paper which I want? I have in vain applied to the stationers
+in every town within my reach. Would any of the paper-mills be disposed to
+furnish me with a ream or two of the unglazed, plain, and unhotpressed
+paper which I am anxious to obtain?
+
+Whilst I am on this subject, I will take occasion to lament the very great
+inferiority of the paper generally which is employed in printing books. It
+may have a fine, glossy, smooth appearance, but its texture is so poor and
+flimsy, that it soon frays or breaks, without the greatest care; and many
+an immortal work is committed to a miserably frail and perishable material!
+
+A comparison of the books which were printed a century ago, with those of
+the present day, will, I conceive, fully establish the complaint which I
+venture to make; and I would particularly remark upon the large Bibles and
+Prayer Books which are now printed at the Universities for the use of our
+churches and chapels, which are exposed to much wear and tear, and ought,
+therefore, to be of more substantial and enduring texture, but are of so
+flimsy, brittle, and cottony a manufacture, that they require renewing
+every three or four years.
+
+"LAUDATOR TEMPORIS ACTI."
+
+_Little Casterton (Rutland) Church._--Within the communion rails in the
+church of Little Casterton, Rutland, there lies in the pavement (or did
+lately) a stone, hollowed out like the basin or drain of a piscina, which
+some church-hunters have supposed to be a piscina, and have noticed as a
+great singularity. The stone, however, did not originally belong to this
+church; it was brought from the neighbouring site of the desecrated church
+of Pickworth, by the late Reverend Richard Twopeny, who held the rectory of
+Little Casterton upwards of sixty years; he had long seen it lying
+neglected among the ruins, and at length brought it to his own church to
+save it from destruction.
+
+It may be interesting to some of your readers to learn that in the chancel
+of Little Casterton are monumental brasses of an armed male and a female
+figure, the latter on the sinister side, with the following inscription in
+black letter:--
+
+    "Hic jacet D[=n]s Thomas Burto[=n] miles quondam d[=u]s de Tolthorp ac
+    ecclesiæ.... patronus qui obiit kalendas Augusti.... d[=n]a Margeria
+    uxor ejus sinistris quor[um], a[=i]abus ppicietur deus amen."
+
+R. C. H.
+
+_The Hippopotamus_ (Vol. ii., pp. 35. 277.).--I can refer your
+correspondent L. (Vol. ii, p. 35.) to one more example of a Greek writer
+using the word [Greek: hippopotamos], viz., the Hieroglyphics of Horapollo
+Nilous, lib. i. 56. (I quote from the edition by A. T. Cory. Pickering,
+1840): {182}
+
+    "[Greek: Adikon de kai achariston, hippopotamou onuchas duo, katô
+    blepontas, graphousin]."
+
+He there mentions the idea of the animal contending against his father,
+&c.; and as he flourished in the beginning of the fifth century, it is
+probable that he is the source from which Damascius took the story.
+
+I have in my cabinet a large brass coin of the Empress Ptacilia Severa,
+wife of Philip, on which is depicted the Hippopotamus, with the legend
+SAECVLARES. AVGG., showing it to have been exhibited at the sæcular games.
+
+E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Specimens of Foreign English._--Several ludicrous examples have of late
+been communicated (see Vol. ii., pp. 57. 138.), but none, perhaps,
+comparable with the following, which I copied about two years since at
+Havre, from a Polyglot advertisement of various Local Regulations, for the
+convenience of persons visiting that favourite watering-place. Amongst
+these it was stated that--
+
+    _"Un arrangement peut se faire avec le pilote, pour de promenades à
+    rames."_
+
+Of this the following most literal version was enounced,--
+
+    "One arrangement can make himself with the pilot for the walking with
+    _roars_" (sic).
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+_St. Clare._--In the interesting and amusing volume of _Rambles beyond
+Railways_, M. W. Wilkie Collins has attributed the church of St. Cleer in
+Cornwall, with its Well and ruined Oratory, to St. Clare, the heroic Virgin
+of Assisi; but in the elegant and useful _Calendar of the Anglican Church_,
+the same church is ascribed to St. Clair, the Martyr of Rouen. My own
+impression is, that the latter is correct; but I note the circumstance,
+that some of your readers better informed than myself, may be enabled to
+answer the Query, which is the right ascription? When Mr. Collins alluded
+to the fate of Bishop Hippo, devoured by rats, I presume he means Bishop
+Hatto, commemorated in the "Legends of the Rhine."
+
+BERIAH BOTFIELD.
+
+  Norton Hall, Feb. 14. 1851.
+
+_Dr. Dodd._--On the 13th February, 1775, Dr. Dodd was inducted to the
+vicarage of Wing, Bucks, on the presentation of the Earl of Chesterfield.
+On the 8th February, 1777, he was arrested for forging the Earl's bond. Dr.
+Dodd never resided at Wing; but, during the short period he held the
+living, he preached there four times. The tradition of the parish is, that
+on those occasions he preached from the following texts; all of them
+remarkable, and the second and fourth especially so with reference to the
+subsequent fate of the unhappy man, whose feelings they may reasonably be
+supposed to embody.
+
+The texts are as follows:--
+
+    1 _Corinthians_ xvi. 22. "If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ,
+    let him be Anathema Maran-atha."
+
+    _Micah_ vii. 8. "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; when I fall, I
+    shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the Lord shall be a light unto
+    me."
+
+    _Psalm_ cxxxix. 1, 2. "O Lord, thou hast searched me and known me. Thou
+    knowest my down-sitting and mine up-rising, thou understandest my
+    thought afar off."
+
+    _Deuteronomy_ xxviii. 65, 66, 67. "And among these nations thou shalt
+    find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest; but the
+    Lord shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and
+    sorrow of mind: and thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou
+    shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: In
+    the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou
+    shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart
+    wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou
+    shalt see."
+
+Q. D.
+
+_Hats of Cardinals and Notaries Apostolic_ (Vol. iii. p. 169.).--An
+instance occurs in a MS. in this college (L. 10. p. 60.) circa temp. Hen.
+VIII., of the arms of "Doctor Willm. Haryngton, prothonotaire apostolik,"
+ensigned with a black hat, having three tassels pendant on each side: these
+appendages, however, are somewhat different to those attached to the
+Cardinal's hat, the cords or strings not being _fretty_. I have seen
+somewhere a series of arms having the same insignia; but, at present, I
+cannot say where.
+
+THOS WM. KING, YORK HERALD.
+
+  College of Arms, Feb. 17. 1851.
+
+_Baron Munchausen's Frozen Horn._--
+
+    "Till the Holy Ghost came to thaw their memories, that the words of
+    Christ, like the voice in Plutarch that had become frozen, might at
+    length become audible."--Hammond's _Sermons_, xvii.
+
+These were first published in 1648.
+
+E. H.
+
+_Contracted Names of Places._--Kirton for Crediton, Devon; Wilscombe for
+Wiveliscombe, Somersetshire; Brighton for Brighthelmstone, Sussex; Pomfret
+for Pontefract, Yorkshire; Gloster for Gloucester.
+
+J. W. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.
+
+(_Continued from_ Vol. iii., p. 139.)
+
+(43.) Is there any valid reason for not dating the publication of some of
+Gerson's treatises at Cologne earlier than the year 1470? and if good cause
+cannot be shown for withholding from them so high a rank in the scale of
+typographic being, must we not instantly reject every effort to extenuate
+Marchand's obtuseness in asserting with reference to Ulric Zell, "On ne
+voit des éditions de ce Zell qu'en 1494?" (_Hist. de l'Imp._, p. 56.) {183}
+Schelhorn's opinion as to the birthright of these tracts is sufficient to
+awaken an interest concerning them, for he conceived that they should be
+classed among the earliest works executed with cut moveable characters.
+(_Diat. ad Card. Quirini lib._, p. 25. Cf. Seemiller, i. 105.) So far as I
+can judge, an adequate measure of seniority has not been generally assigned
+to these Zellian specimens of printing, if it be granted "Coloniam
+Agrippinam post Moguntinenses primùm recepisse artem." (Meerman, ii. 106.)
+This writer's representation, in his ninth plate, of the type used in 1467,
+supplies us with ground for a complete conviction that these undated
+Gersonian manuals are at least as old as the _Augustinus de singularitate
+clericorum_. But why are they not older? Is there any document which has a
+stronger conjectural claim? Van de Velde's _Catalogue_, tome i. Gand, 1831,
+contains notices of some of them; and one volume before me has the first
+initial letter principally in blue and gold, the rest in red, and all
+elaborated with a pen. The most unevenly printed, and therefore, I suppose,
+the primitial gem, is the _Tractatus de mendicitate spirituali_, in which
+not only rubiform capitals, but whole words, have been inserted by a
+chirographer. It is, says Van de Velde, (the former possessor,) on the
+fly-leaf, "sans chiffres et réclames, en longues lignes de 27 lignes sur
+les pages entières." The full stop employed is a sort of twofold,
+recumbent, circumflex or caret; and the most eminent watermark in the paper
+is a Unicorn, bearing a much more suitable antelopian weapon than is that
+awkwardly horizontal horn prefixed by Dr. Dibdin to the Oryx in profile
+which he has depicted in plate vi. appertaining to his life of Caxton:
+_Typographical Antiquities_, vol. i.
+
+(44.) Wherein do the ordinary _Hymni et Sequentiæ_ differ from those
+according to the use of Sarum? Whose is the oldest _Expositio_ commonly
+attached to both? and respecting it did Badius, in 1502, accomplish much
+beyond a revision and an amendment of the style? Was not Pynson, in 1497,
+the printer of the folio edition of the Hymns and Sequences entered in Mr.
+Dickinson's valuable _List of English Service-Books_, p. 8.; or is there
+inaccuracy in the succeeding line? Lastly, was the titular woodcut in
+Julian Notary's impression, A.D. 1504 (Dibdin, ii. 580.), derived from the
+decoration of the _Hymnarius_, and the _Textus Sequentiarum cum optimo
+commento_, set forth at Delft by Christian Snellaert, in 1496? From the
+first page of the latter we receive the following accession to our
+philological knowledge:
+
+    "Diabolus dicitur a _dia_, quod est duo, et _bolos_ morsus; quasi
+    dupliciter mordens; quia lædit hominem in corpore et anima."
+
+(45.) (1.) In what edition of the Salisbury Missal did the amusing errors
+in the "Ordo Sponsalium" first occur; and how long were they continued? I
+allude to the husband's obligation, "to haue and to holde fro thys day
+_wafor beter_ for wurs," &c., and to the wife's prudential promise, "to
+haue et to holde _for thys day_." (2.) Are there any vellum leaves in any
+copy in England of the folio impression very beautifully printed _en rouge
+et noir_ "in alma Parisiorum academia," die x. Kal. April, 1510?
+
+(46.) On the 11th of last month (Jan.) somebody advertised in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" for _Foxes and Firebrands_. In these days of trouble and rebuke,
+when (if we may judge from a recent article savouring of Neal's second
+volume) it seems to be expected that English gentlemen will, in a Magazine
+that bears their name, be pleased with a réchauffé of democratic obloquy
+upon the character of the great reformer of their church, and will look
+with favour upon _Canterburies Doome_, would it not be desirable that
+Robert Ware's (and Nalson's) curious and important work should be
+republished? If a reprint of it were to be undertaken, I would direct
+attention to a copy in my possession of "The Third and Last Part," Lond.
+1689, which has many alterations marked in MS. for a new edition, and which
+exhibits the autograph of Henry Ware.
+
+(47.) Was COHAUSEN the composer of "Clericus Deperrucatus; sive, in
+fictitiis Clericorum Comis moderni seculi ostensa et explosa Vanitas: Cum
+Figuris: Autore ANNOEO RHISENNO VECCHIO, Doctore Romano-Catholico," printed
+at Amsterdam, and inscribed to Pope Benedict XIII.? One of the
+well-finished copperplates, page 12., represents "_Monsieur l'Abbé prenant
+du Tabac_."
+
+(48.) Where can a copy of the earliest edition of the _Testamentum XII.
+Patriarcharum_ be found? for if one had been easily obtainable, Grabe,
+Cave, Oudin, and Wharton (_Ang. Sac._ ii. 345.) would not have treated the
+third impression as the first; and let it be noted by the way that "Clerico
+_Elichero_" in Wharton must be a mistake for "Clerico _Nicolao_." Moreover,
+how did the excellent Fabricius (_Bibl. med. et inf. Latin._, and also
+_Cod. Pseudepig. V. T._, i. 758.) happen to connect Menradus Moltherus with
+the _editio princeps_ of 1483? It is certain that this writer's letter to
+Secerius, accompanying a transcript of Bishop Grossetête's version, which
+immediately came forth at Haguenau, was concluded "postridie Non. Januar.
+M.D.XXXII."
+
+(49.) (1.) Who was the bibliopolist with whom originated the pernicious
+scheme of adapting newly printed title-pages to books which had had a
+previous existence? Sometimes the deception may be discerned even at a
+glance: for example, without the loss of many seconds, and by the aspect of
+a single letter, (the long s,) we can perceive the falsehood of the
+imprint, "Parisiis, apud Paul Mellier, 1842," together with "S.-Clodoaldi,
+è typographeo Belin-Mandar," grafted upon tome i. {184} of the Benedictine
+edition of S. Gregory Nazianzen's works, which had been actually issued in
+1778. Very frequently, however, the comparison of professedly different
+impressions requires, before they can be safely pronounced to be identical,
+the protracted scrutiny of a practised eye. An inattentive observer could
+not be conscious that the works of Sir James Ware, translated and improved
+by Harris, and apparently the progeny of the year 1764, (the only edition,
+and that but a spurious one, recorded in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_,)
+have been skilfully tampered with, and should be justly restored--the first
+volume to 1739, the second to 1745.
+
+(2.) We must admit that a bookseller gifted with mature sapience will very
+rarely, or never, be such an amateur in expensive methods of bamboozling,
+as to prefer having recourse to the title-page expedient, if he could
+flatter himself that his purpose would be likely to be effected simply by
+_doctoring the date_; and thus a question springs up, akin to the former
+one, How great is the antiquity of this timeserving device? At this moment,
+trusting only to memory, I am not able to adduce an instance of the
+depravation anterior to the year 1606, when Dr. James's _Bellum Papale_ was
+put forth in London as a new book, though in reality there was no novelty
+connected with it, except that the last 0 in 1600 (the authentic date) had
+been compelled by penmanship to cease to be a dead letter, and to germinate
+into a 6.
+
+(3.) If neither the judicious naturalisation of a title-page, nor the
+dexterous corruption of the year in which a work was honestly produced,
+should avail to eliminate "the stock in hand," _res ad Triarios
+rediit_--there is but one contrivance left. This is, to give to the
+ill-fated hoard _another name_; in the hope that a proverb properly
+belonging to a rose may be superabundantly verified in the case of an old
+book. What Anglo-Saxon scholar has not studied "_Divers Ancient
+Monuments_," revived in 1638? and yet perhaps scarcely any one is aware
+that the appellation is entirely deceptive, and that no such collection was
+printed at that period. The inestimable remains of Ælfric, edited by L'Isle
+in 1623, and then entitled, "_A Saxon Treatise concerning the Old and New
+Testament_," together with a reprint of the "_Testimonie of Antiquitie_,"
+(sanctioned by Archbishop Parker in 1567,) had merely submitted to
+substitutes for the first two leaves with which they had been ushered into
+the world, and after fifteen years the unsuspecting public were beguiled.
+When was this system of misnomers introduced? and can a more signal
+specimen of this kind of shamelessness be mentioned than that which is
+afforded by the fate of Thorndike's _De ratione ac jure finiendi
+Controversias Ecclesiæ Disputatio_? So this small folio in fours was
+designated when it was published, Lond. 1670; but in 1674 it became
+_Origines_ _Ecclesiasticæ_; and it was metamorphosed into _Restauratio
+Ecclesiæ_ in 1677.
+
+(50.) Dr. Dibdin (_Typ. Antiq._ iii. 350.) has thus spoken of a quarto
+treatise, _De autoritate, officio, et potestate Pastorum
+ecclesiasticorum_:--
+
+    "This very scarce book is anonymous, and has neither date, printer's
+    name, nor place; but being bound up with two other tracts of
+    Berthelet's printing _are my reasons_ for giving it a place here."
+
+The argument and the language in this sentence are pretty nearly on a par;
+for as misery makes men acquainted with dissimilar companions, why may not
+parsimony conglutinate heterogeneous compositions? I venture to deny
+altogether that the engraved border on the title-page was executed by an
+English artist. It seems rather to be an original imitation of Holbein's
+design: and as regards the date, can we not perceive what was meant for a
+modest "1530" on a standard borne by one of the boys in procession? In
+Simler's Gesnerian _Bibliotheca_ SIMON HESS (let me reiterate the question,
+Who was he?) is registered as the author; and of his work we read, "Liber
+impressus in Germania." This observation will determine its locality to a
+certain extent; and the tractate may be instantly distinguished from all
+others on the same subject by the presence of the following alliterative
+frontispiece:--
+
+ "Primus Papa, potens Pastor, pietate paterna,
+  Petrus, perfectam plebem pascendo paravit.
+  Posthabito plures populo, privata petentes,
+  Pinguia Pontifices, perdunt proh pascua plebis."
+
+R. G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH.
+
+In the church of Middleton Tyas, in the North Riding of the county, there
+is the following extraordinary inscription on the monument of a learned
+incumbent of that parish:--
+
+    "This Monument rescues from oblivion the Remains of the Rev. John
+    Mawer, D.D., late Vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18th, 1763, aged
+    60. The doctor was descended from the royal family of Mawer, and was
+    inferior to none of his illustrious ancestors in personal merit, being
+    the greatest linguist this nation ever produced. He was able to write
+    and speak twenty-two languages, and particularly excelled in the
+    Eastern tongues, in which he proposed to his Royal Highness Frederick
+    Prince of Wales, to whom he was firmly attached, to propagate the
+    Christian religion in the Abyssinian empire,--a great and noble design,
+    which was frustrated by the death of that amiable prince."
+
+Whitaker, after giving the epitaph verbatim in his _History of
+Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 234., says:
+
+    "This extraordinary personage, who may seem to have been qualified for
+    the office of universal interpreter to all the nations upon earth,
+    appears, {185} notwithstanding, to have been unaware that the Christian
+    religion, in however degraded a form, has long been professed in
+    Abyssinia. With respect to the royal line of Mawer I was long
+    distressed, till, by great good fortune, I discovered that it was no
+    other than that of old King Coyl."
+
+As I happen to feel an interest in the subject which disinclines me to rest
+satisfied with the foregoing hasty--not to say flippant explanation of the
+learned historian, I am anxious to inquire whether or not any reader of the
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" can throw light on the history, and especially the
+genealogy, of this worthy and amiable divine? While I have reason to
+believe that Dr. Mawer was about the last person in the world to have
+composed the foregoing eulogy on his own character, I cannot believe that
+the allusion to illustrious ancestors "is merely a joke," as Whitaker seems
+to imply; while it is quite certain that there is nothing in the
+inscription to justify the inference that the deceased had been "unaware
+that the Christian religion" had "long been professed in Abyssinia:"
+indeed, an inference quite the reverse would be quite as legitimate.
+
+J. H.
+
+  Rotherfield, Feb. 23. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S "MERCHANT OF VENICE"
+
+(Act IV. Sc. 1.).
+
+In the lines--
+
+ "The quality of Mercy is not strained,
+  It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven,
+  Upon the place beneath."
+
+What is the meaning of the word "strained?" The verb _to strain_ is
+susceptible of two essentially different interpretations; and the question
+is as to which of the two is here intended? On referring to Johnson's
+Dictionary, we find, amongst other synonymous terms, _To squeeze through
+something; to purify by filtration; to weaken by too much violence; to push
+to its utmost strength_. Now, if we substitute either of the two latter
+meanings, we shall have an assertion that "Mercy is not weakened by too
+much violence (or put to its utmost strength), but droppeth, as the gentle
+rain from heaven," &c., where it would require a most discerning editor to
+explain the connexion between the two clauses. If, on the other hand, we
+take the first two meanings, the passage is capable of being understood, if
+nothing else. Beginning with _to squeeze through something_; what would
+present itself to our ideas would be, that "Mercy does not fall in one
+continuous stream (as would be the case, if _strained_) on one particular
+portion of the earth, but expands into a large and universal shower, so as
+to spread its influence over the entire globe." This, however, though not
+absurd, is, I fear, rather forced.
+
+To come to the second explanation of _to purify_, which in my opinion is
+the most apt, I take it that Shakspeare intended to say, that "Mercy is so
+pure and undefiled as to require no cleansing, but falls as gently and
+unsullied as the showers from heaven, ere soiled by the impurities of
+earth."
+
+With these few remarks, I shall leave the matter in the hands of those
+whose researches into the English language may have been deeper than my
+own, with a hope that they may possess time and inclination to promote the
+elucidation of a difficulty in one of the most beautiful passages of our
+great national bard; a difficulty, by the way, which seems to have escaped
+the notice of all the editors and commentators.
+
+L. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Was Lord Howard of Effingham, who commanded in chief against the Spanish
+Armada, a Protestant or a Papist?_--On the one hand, it is highly
+improbable that Queen Elizabeth should employ a popish commander against
+the Spaniards.
+
+1. The silence of Dr. Lingard and other historians is also negatively in
+favour of his being a Protestant.
+
+But, on the other hand, it has been repeatedly asserted, in both houses of
+Parliament, that he was a Papist.
+
+2. It is _likely_, because his _father_ was the eldest son by his second
+wife of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk, and was created Baron Howard of
+Effingham by Queen Mary.
+
+3. Whatever his own religion may have been, he was contemporary with his
+cousin, Philip, Earl of Arundel, whom Camden calls the champion of the
+Catholics, and whose _violence_ was the cause of his perpetual
+imprisonment.
+
+4. The present Lord Effingham has recently declared that by blood he was
+(had always been?) connected with the Roman Catholics.
+
+Under these and _other_ circumstances, it is a question to be settled by
+_evidence_.
+
+C. H. P.
+
+  Brighton.
+
+_Lord Bexley--how descended from Cromwell?_--In the notice of the late Lord
+Bexley in _The Times_, it is stated that he was _maternally_ descended from
+Oliver Cromwell, the Protector, through the family of Cromwell's
+son-in-law, Ireton.
+
+Burke, in his _Peerage_, mentions that Henry Vansittart, father of Lord
+Bexley, was governor of Bengal (circa 1770), and that he married Amelia
+Morse, daughter of Nicolas Morse, governor of Madras.
+
+It would therefore appear that this said Nicolas Morse was a descendant of
+General Ireton. I wish to ascertain if this assumption be correct; and, if
+correct, when and how the families of Morse and Ireton became connected? If
+any of your correspondents can furnish information on this {186} subject,
+or acquaint me where I can find any account or pedigree of the Morse
+family, I shall feel much indebted to them.
+
+PURSUIVANT.
+
+_Earl of Shaftesbury._--I have read with great interest Lord Shaftesbury's
+letter to Le Clerc, published in No. 67. May I ask your correspondents
+JANUS DOUSA and Professor des Amories VAN DER HOVEN, whether the
+Remonstrants' library of Amsterdam contains any papers relating to the
+first Earl of Shaftesbury, which might have been sent by the third Earl to
+Le Clerc; and whether any notices or traditions remain in Amsterdam of the
+first Lord Shaftesbury's residence and death in that city? Any information
+relative to the first Earl of Shaftesbury will greatly oblige.
+
+CH.
+
+_Family of Peyton._--Admiral Joseph Peyton [Post-Captain, December 2,
+1757--Admiral, 1787--ob. 1804] was Admiral's First Captain in the fleet
+under Darby, at the relief of Gibraltar, 1781. He was son of Commodore
+Edward Peyton [Post-Captain, April 4, 1740], who is supposed to have gone
+over from England, and settled in America, and there to have died. I should
+be very glad of further particulars of these persons. Are my dates correct?
+How is this branch of the family (lately represented by John Joseph Peyton,
+Esq., of Wakehurst, who married a daughter of Sir East Clayton East, Bart.,
+and died in 1844, leaving four children minors) connected with the Baronets
+Peyton, of Iselham, or Dodington? Who was the father of the above
+Commodore? It may aid the inquiry to mention that this branch is related to
+the Grenfell family: William Peyton, second son of the above Admiral
+Joseph, having married a first cousin of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., M.P. for
+Great Marlow (who died in 1833).
+
+ACHE.
+
+"_La Rose nait en un Moment._"--I wish to learn the name of the author of
+the following verses, and where they are to be found. Any of your
+correspondents who can inform me shall receive my sincere thanks:--
+
+ "La Rose nait en un moment,
+  En un moment elle est flêtrie;
+  Mais ce que pour vous mon coeur sent,
+  Ne finira qu'avec ma vie."
+
+T. H. K.
+
+  Malew, Man.
+
+_John Collard the Logician._--Could any of your correspondents tell me
+where I could find any account of _John Collard_, who wrote three treatises
+on Logic:--The first, under the name of _N. Dralloc_ (his name reversed),
+_Epitome of Logic_, Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1795; in his own name,
+_Essentials of Logic_, Johnson, 1796; and in 1799, the _Praxis of Logic_.
+He is mentioned as _Dralloc_ by Whately and Kirwan; but nobody seems to
+have known him as _Collard_ but Levi Hedge, the American writer on that
+subject. I made inquiry, some forty years ago, and was informed that he
+lived at Birmingham, was a chairmaker by profession, and devoted much of
+his time to chemistry; that he was known to and esteemed by Dr. Parr; and
+that he was then dead.
+
+At the close of his preface to his _Praxis_ he says,--
+
+    "And let me inform the reader also, that this work was not composed in
+    the pleasant tranquillity of retirement, but under such untoward
+    circumstances, that the mind was subject to continual interruptions and
+    vexatious distraction."
+
+Then he adds,--
+
+    "I have but little doubt but this _Praxis_ will, at some future period,
+    find its way into the schools; and though critics should at present
+    condemn what they have either no patience or inclination to examine, I
+    feel myself happy in contemplating, that after I am mouldered to dust,
+    it may assist our reason in this most essential part."
+
+B. G.
+
+  Feb. 20. 1851.
+
+_Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan._--Could any of your readers tell me
+where I might see a copy of _A List of the Sheriffs of County Glamorgan_,
+printed (privately?) by Rev. J. M. Traherne? I have searched the libraries
+of the British Museum, the Athenæum Club, and the Bodleian at Oxford, in
+vain.
+
+EDMOND W.
+
+_Haybands in Seals._--I have, in a small collection of Sussex deeds, two
+which present the following peculiarity: they have the usual slip of
+parchment and lump of wax pendant from the lower edge, but the wax, instead
+of bearing an armorial figure, a merchant's mark, or any other of the
+numerous devices formerly employed in the authentication of deeds instead
+of one's chirograph, has neatly inserted into it a small wreath composed of
+two or three stalks of grass (or rather hay) carefully plaited, and forming
+a circle somewhat less in diameter than a shilling. The deeds, which were
+executed in the time of Henry the Seventh, relate to the transfer of small
+landed properties. I have no doubt that this diminutive _hayband_ was the
+distinctive mark of a grazier or husbandman who did not consider his social
+status sufficient to warrant the use of a more regular device by way of
+seal. I have seen a few others connected with the same county, and, if I
+recollect rightly, of a somewhat earlier date. I shall be glad to ascertain
+whether this curious practice was in use in other parts of England.
+
+M. A. LOWER.
+
+  Lewes.
+
+_Edmund Prideaux, and the First Post-office._--Polwhele, in his _History of
+Cornwall_, says, p. 139.:
+
+    "To our countryman Edmund Prideaux we owe the regular establishment of
+    the Post-office."
+
+{187}
+
+He says again, p. 144.:
+
+"Edmund Prideaux, Attorney-General to Oliver Cromwell, and _Inventor_ of
+the Post-office."
+
+Now the Edmund spoken of as Attorney-General, was of Ford Abbey, in
+Devonshire, and second son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton, in the
+said county, therefore could not be one of the Cornish branch.
+
+Query No. 1. Who was the Edmund Prideaux, his countryman, that regularly
+established the Post-office?
+
+Query No. 2. How were letters circulated before his time?
+
+Query No. 3. Was Edmund Prideaux the Attorney-General, the inventor of the
+Post-office, as he states; if not, who was?
+
+Query No. 4. Has any life of Edmund Prideaux as Attorney-General been
+published, or is any account of him to be found in any work?
+
+G. P. P.
+
+_William Tell Legend._--Could any of your readers tell me the true origin
+of the William Tell apple story? I find the same story told of--
+
+(1.) Egil, the father of the famous smith Wayland, who was instructed in
+the art of forging metals by two dwarfs of the mountain of Kallova.
+(Depping, _Mém. de la Société des Antiquaires de France_, tom. v. pp. 223.
+229.)
+
+(2.) Saxo Grammaticus, who wrote nearly a century before Tell, tells nearly
+the same story of one Toko, who killed Harold.
+
+(3.) "There was a souldier called Pumher, who, daily through witchcraft,
+killed three of his enemies. This was he who shot at a pennie on his son's
+head, and made ready another arrow to have slain the Duke Remgrave (?
+Rheingraf), who commanded it." (Reginald Scot, 1584.)
+
+(4.) And Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudeslie.
+
+G. H. R.
+
+_Arms of Cottons buried in Landwade Church, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--Will
+JONATHAN OLDBUCK, JUN., oblige me by describing the family coat-armour
+borne by the Cottons mentioned in his Note? It may facilitate his inquiry,
+in which, by the way, I am much interested.
+
+R. W. C.
+
+_Sir George Buc's Treatise on the Stage._--What has become of this MS.? Sir
+George Buc mentions it in _The Third University of England_, appended to
+Stowe's _Annals_, ed. 1631, p. 1082.--
+
+    "Of this art [the dramatic] have written largely _Petrus Victorius_,
+    &c.--as it were in vaine for me to say anything of the art; besides,
+    that _I have written thereof a particular treatise_."
+
+If this manuscript could be discovered, it would doubtless throw
+considerable light upon the Elizabethan drama.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_A Cracowe Pike_ (Vol. iii., p. 118.).--Since I sent you the Query
+respecting a _Cracowe Pike_, I have found that I was wrong in supposing it
+to be a weapon or spear: for _Cracowe Pikes_ was the name given to the
+preposterous "piked shoes," which were fashionable in the reign of Richard
+II., and which were so long in the toes that it was necessary to tie them
+with chains to the knee, in order to render it possible for the wearer to
+walk. Stowe, in his _Chronicle_, tells us that this extravagant fashion was
+brought in by Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Richard II. But why were they
+called _Cracowe_ pikes?
+
+I. H. T.
+
+_St. Thomas of Trunnions._--Who was this saint, and why is he frequently
+mentioned in connexion with onions?
+
+ "Nay softe, my maisters, by _Saincte Thomas of Trunions_,
+  I am not disposed to buy of your _onions_."
+                  _Apius and Virginia_, 1575.
+
+ "And you that delight in trulls and minions,
+  Come buy my four ropes of hard _S. Thomas's onions_."
+                  _The Hog hath lost his Pearl_, 1614.
+
+    "Buy my rope of onions--white _St. Thomas's onions_," was one of the
+    cries of London in the seventeenth century.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Paper-mill near Stevenage_ (Vol. ii., p. 473.).--In your number for
+December 14, 1850, one of your correspondents, referring to Bartholomeus
+_de Prop. Rerum_, mentions a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of
+Hertford, as being probably the earliest, or one of the earliest,
+established in England. I should feel much obliged if your correspondent,
+through the medium of your pages, would favour me with any further
+particulars on this subject; especially as to the site of this mill, there
+being no stream within some miles of Stevenage capable of turning a mill. I
+have been unable to find any account of this mill in either of the county
+histories.
+
+HERTFORDIENSIS.
+
+_Mounds, Munts, Mounts._--In the parish register of Maresfield in Sussex,
+there is an entry recording the surrender of a house and three acres of
+land, called the "Mounds," in 1574, to the use of the parish; and in the
+churchwardens' accounts at Rye, about the same time, it is stated that the
+church of Rye was entitled to a rent from certain lands called "Mounts." In
+Jevington, too, there are lands belonging to the Earl of Liverpool called
+Munts or Mounts, but whether at any time belonging to the church, I am
+unable to say. Any information as to the meaning of the word, or account of
+its occurring elsewhere, will much oblige
+
+R. W. B.
+
+_Church Chests._--A representation of two knights engaged in combat is
+sometimes found on ancient church chests. Can any one explain the meaning
+of it? Examples occur at Harty Chapel, Kent, and Burgate, Suffolk. The
+former is mentioned in the _Glossary of Architecture_, and described as a
+carving: the latter is painted only, {188} and one of the knights is
+effaced: the other is apparently being unhorsed; he wears a jupon
+embroidered in red, and the camail, &c., of the time of Richard II.: a
+small shield is held in his left hand: his horse stoops its head,
+apparently to water, through which it is slowly pacing. Is this a subject
+from the legend of some saint, or from one of the popular romances of the
+middle ages? Are any other examples known?
+
+C. R. M.
+
+_The Cross-bill._--Is "The Legend of the Cross-bill," translated from
+Julius Mosen by Longfellow, a genuine early tradition, or only a fiction of
+the poet?
+
+2. Is the Cross-bill considered in any country as a sacred bird? and was it
+ever so used in architectural decoration, illumination, or any other works
+of sacred art?
+
+3. What is the earliest record on evidence of the Cross-bill being known in
+England?
+
+H. G. T.
+
+  Launceston.
+
+_Iovanni Volpe._--Can any of your readers supply a notice of IOVANNI VOLPE,
+mentioned in a MS. nearly cotemporary to have been
+
+    "An Italian doctor, famous in Queen Elizabeth's time, who went with
+    George Earl of Cumberland most of his sea voyages, and was with him at
+    the taking of Portorico?"
+
+Another MS., apparently of the date of James I., describes him as
+"physician to Queen Elizabeth."
+
+He had a daughter, Frances, widow of Richard Evers, Esq. ("of the family of
+Evers of Coventry"), who married, 2d November, 1601, Richard Hughes, Esq.,
+then a younger son, but eventually representative, of the ancient house of
+Gwerclas and Cymmer-yn-Edeirnion, in Merionethshire, and died 29th June,
+1636.
+
+M. N. O.
+
+_Auriga._--How comes the Latin word AURIGA to mean "a charioteer?"
+
+VARRO.
+
+_To speak in Lutestring._--1. Philo-Junius--that is, Junius himself--in the
+47th Letter, writes:
+
+    "I was led to trouble you with these observations by a passage which,
+    _to speak in lutestring_, I met with this morning, in the course of my
+    reading."
+
+Had the expression in Italics been used before by any one?
+
+2. In the 56th Letter, addressed to the Duke of Grafton, Junius asks:
+
+    "Is the union of _Blifil_ and _Black George_ no longer a romance?"
+
+What part of that story is here referred to?
+
+VARRO.
+
+"_Lavora, come se tu," &c._--In Bohn's edition of Jeremy Taylor's _Holy
+Living and Dying_, I observe in the notes several Italian sentences, mostly
+couplets or proverbs. One peculiarly struck me: and I should feel obliged
+if any of your readers could tell me whence it was taken, name of author,
+&c. The couplet runs thus (Vide p. 182. of the work):--
+
+ "Lavora, come se tu avessi a camper ogni hora:
+  Adora, come se tu avessi a morir allora."
+
+Indeed it would not be amiss, if _all_ the notes were marked with authors'
+names or other reference, as I find some few of the Latin quotations as
+well as the Greek, and _all_ the Italian ones, require a godfather.
+
+W. H. P.
+
+_Tomb of Chaucer._--Are any of the existing English families descended from
+the poet Chaucer? If so, might they not fairly be applied to for a
+contribution to the proposed restoration of his tomb? His son Thomas
+Chaucer left an heiress, married to De la Pole, Duke of Suffolk; but I have
+not the means of ascertaining whether any of their posterity are extant.
+
+C. R. M.
+
+_Family of Clench._--Can any of your readers supply me with the parentage
+and family of _Bruin Clench_ of St. Martin's in the Fields, citizen of
+London? He married Catharine, daughter of William Hippesley, Esq., of
+Throughley, in Edburton, co. Sussex; and was living in 1686. His christian
+name does not appear in the pedigrees of the Clinche or Clench family of
+Bealings and Holbrook, co. Suffolk, in the _Heralds' Visitations_, in the
+British Museum. His daughter married Roger Donne, Esq., of Ludham, co.
+Norfolk, and was the maternal grandmother of the poet Cowper.
+
+C. R. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CRANMER'S DESCENDANTS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 8.)
+
+Your correspondent may be interested to know, that Sir Anthony Chester,
+Bart., of Chichley, co. Bucks, married, May 21, 1657, Mary, dau. of Samuel
+Cranmer, Esq., alderman of London, and sister to Sir Cæsar Cranmer, Kt., of
+Ashwell, Bucks. This Samuel Cranmer was traditionally the last male heir of
+the eldest of Cranmer's sons; his descent is, I believe, stated in general
+terms in the epitaphs of Lady Chester, at Chichley, and Sir Cæsar Cranmer,
+at Ashwell. He was a great London brewer by trade, and married his cousin
+Mary (sister of Thomas Wood, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and Sir
+Henry Wood, Bart., of the Board of Green Cloth), dau. of Thomas Wood, Esq.,
+of Hackney, by his wife ---- Cranmer. They had only two children, and it
+would appear from Harleian MS. No. 1476. fo. 419., which omits all mention
+of Sir Cæsar, that he died in his father's lifetime, and that Lady Chester
+was sole heiress to this branch of the Cranmers.
+
+There are two brief pedigrees I have seen of these Cranmers, one in Harl.
+MS. 1476. above {189} mentioned, the other in Philipot's _Catalogue of
+Knights_; but neither of them goes so far as to connect them with the
+archbishop, or even with the Nottinghamshire family; for they both begin
+with Samuel Cranmer's grandfather, who is described of Alcester, co.
+Warwick. Now the connexion is certain: could one of your readers supply me
+with the wanting links? Is it possible that they omit all mention of the
+archbishop on account of the prejudice mentioned by your correspondent;
+being able to supply the three generations necessary to gentility without
+him?
+
+I am obliged to write without any books of reference, or I would have
+consulted the epitaphs in question again.
+
+R. E. W.
+
+I am afraid that my quotations from memory, in my letter of Saturday, were
+_not exactly correct_; for on examining Lipscomb's _Buckinghamshire_
+to-day, I find that it is stated (vol. iv. pp. 4-7.) on the monument of
+Samuel Cranmer at _Astwood Bury_, that he was "descended in a direct line
+from Richard Cranmer, elder brother to Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury;"
+and that it was found, on an inquisition held on April 7, 1640, that his
+son and heir Cæsar Cranmer (called on the monument "Sir Cæsar Wood At^e
+Cranmer, Kt.") was his heir at six years of age. This Cæsar was knighted by
+Charles II., and died unmarried; so that his sister, Lady Chester, was
+evidently the representative of this branch of the Cranmer family.
+
+Now, with regard to this statement on the monument, in the first place it
+is discrepant with Lady Chester's epitaph at Chichley, which (Lipscomb's
+_Bucks_, vol. iv. p. 97.) expressly declares that she derived her descent
+from the archbishop. In the next place it appears from Thoroton's _Notts_,
+that the archbishop had no elder brother named Richard. His elder brother's
+name was John; who by Joan, dau. of John Frechevill, Esq., had two sons,
+Thomas and _Richard_. Could this be the Richard alluded to? In the third
+place, in neither of the pedigrees alluded to is there given any connexion
+with the family of Cranmer of Aslacton. And, lastly, it is opposed to the
+uniform tradition of the family. Now, if any of your readers can clear up
+this difficulty, or will refer me to any other pedigree of the Cranmers, I
+shall feel extremely obliged to him.
+
+With the exception of the points now noticed, my former letter was
+perfectly correct, and may be relied on in every respect.
+
+I may mention that these Cranmers were from Warwickshire. The monument
+states that Samuel Cranmer was born at "Aulcester" in that county, "about
+the year 1575."
+
+R. E. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DUTCH POPULAR SONG-BOOK.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 22.)
+
+The second edition of the song-book mentioned by the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT
+must have been published between 1781 and 1810, as the many popular works
+printed for S. and W. Koene may testify. In 1798 they lived on the Linde
+gracht, but shifted afterwards their dwelling-place to the Boomstraat. For
+the above information--about a trifle, interesting enough to call a
+_hermit_ from his _memento-mori_ cogitations--I am indebted to the kindness
+of Mr. J. J. NIEUWENHUYZEN.
+
+But, alas! what can I, the man with a _borrowed name_ and borrowed
+learning, say in reply to the first Query of the busy anchorite? He will
+believe me, when I tell his reverence that I am _not_ JANUS DOUSA. What's
+in the name, that I could choose it? Must I confess? A token of grateful
+remembrance; the only means of making myself known to a British friend of
+my youth, but for whom I would perhaps never have enjoyed MR. HERMIT'S
+valuable contributions--the medium, in short, of being recognised
+incognito. Will this do? Or must I say, copying a generous correspondent of
+"NOTES AND QUERIES,"--Spare my blushes, I am
+
+J. H. VAN LENNEP.
+
+  Amsterdam, Feb. 25. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 87.)
+
+Your correspondent P. asks for information respecting the families and
+descendants of William Malbank and Bigod de Loges, two of the Barons of
+Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, whose signatures are affixed to the charter of
+foundation of St. Werburgh's Abbey at Chester.
+
+Of the descendants of William Malbank I can learn nothing; but it appears
+from the MS. catalogue of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that
+Roger and Robert de Loges possessed lordships in the district of Coutances
+in Normandy. One at least, Roger, must have accompanied the Conqueror to
+England (and his name appears in the roll of Battle Abbey as given by Fox),
+for we find that he held lands in Horley and Burstowe in Surrey. His widow,
+Gunuld de Loges, held the manor of Guiting in Gloucestershire of King
+William; and in the year 1090 she gave two hides of land to the monastery
+of Gloucester to pray for the soul of her husband. Roger had two sons,
+Roger and Bigod, or, as he is sometimes called, Robert. The former
+inherited the lands in Surrey. One of his descendants (probably his
+great-grandson) was high sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in the years 1267,
+1268, and 1269. His son Roger de Loges owned lands and tenements in Horley,
+called La Bokland, which he sold to the Abbot of {190} Chertsea. His
+successor, John de Logge of Burstowe, witnessed in the tenth year of Edward
+II. a deed relating to the transfer of land in Hadresham, Surrey. The name
+became gradually corrupted to Lodge.
+
+To return to the subject of inquiry, Bigod de Loges--
+
+    "held five tenements in Sow of the Earl of Chester, by the service of
+    conducting the said earl towards the king's court through the midst of
+    the forest of Cannock, meeting him at Rotford bridge upon his coming,
+    and at Hopwas bridge on his return. In which forest the earl might, if
+    he pleased, kill a deer at his coming, and another at his going back:
+    giving unto Loges each time he should so attend him a barbed arrow.
+    Hugo de Loges granted to William Bagot all his lands in Sow, to hold of
+    him the said Hugo and his heirs, by the payment of a pair of white
+    gloves at the feast of St. Michael yearly."--Dugdale.
+
+Bigod de Loges had two sons, Hugo and Odardus:
+
+    "Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Ranulphus de Meschines, Earl of
+    Chester, in the baronies of Stanyton, Wigton, Doudryt, Waverton,
+    Blencoyd, and Kirkbride, in the county of Cumberland; and the said
+    Odardus built Wigton church and endowed it. He lived until King John's
+    time. Henry I. confirmed the grant of the barony to him, by which it is
+    probable that he lived a hundred years. He had issue Adam. Adam had
+    issue Odard, the lord, whose son and heir, Adam the Second, died
+    without issue, and Odard the Fourth likewise," &c.--Denton's _MS._
+
+Of the branch settled in Staffordshire and Warwickshire--
+
+    "Hugo de Loges married, tempo Richard I., Margerie, daughter and
+    heiress of Robert de Brok. By this marriage Hugo became possessed of
+    the manor of Casterton in Warwickshire. He was forester of Cannock
+    chace. He had issue Hugo de Loges, of Chesterton, whose son and heir,
+    Sir Richard de Loges, died 21st of Edward I. Sir Richard had issue two
+    sons, Richard and Hugo. The eldest, Richard of Chesterton, left issue
+    an only daughter, Elizabeth, married to Nicholas de Warwick. The issue
+    of this marriage was John de Warwick, whose daughter and heiress,
+    Eleonora, married Sir John de Peto, and brought the manor of Chesterton
+    into that family."--Dugdale.
+
+M. J. T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S "ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA."
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 139.)
+
+The scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_ contains two expressions which are in
+_Henry VIII._--
+
+         "Learn this, Silius."
+ "Learn this, brother."--_Hen. VIII._
+
+         "The Captain's captain."
+ "To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen."--_Hen. VIII._
+
+The first of these passages is in a scene in _Henry VIII._, which MR.
+HICKSON gives to Fletcher (and of which, by-the-bye, it may be observed,
+that, like the scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_, it has nothing to do with
+the business of the play). The other is in a scene which he gives to
+Shakspeare.
+
+But, perhaps, there may be doubts whether rightly. I am exceedingly
+ignorant in Fletcher; but here is a form of expression which occurs twice
+in the scene, which, I believe, is more conformable to the practice of
+Fletcher:--
+
+ "_A_ heed was in his countenance."
+ "And force them with _a_ constancy."
+
+There is very great stiffness in the versification: one instance is quite
+extraordinary:
+
+                 "Yet I know her for
+  A spleeny Lutheran; and not wholesome to
+  Our cause, that she should lie i' the bosom of
+  Our hard rul'd king."
+
+There is great stiffness and tameness in the matter in many places.
+
+Lastly, what MR. HICKSON hopes he has taken off Shakspeare's shoulders, the
+compliments to the Queen and the King, is brought in here most forcedly:--
+
+ "She (_i.e._ A. Boleyn) is a gallant creature, and complete
+  In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her
+  Will fall some blessings to this land, which shall
+  In it be memoriz'd."
+
+But there is also the general question, whether, either upon _à priori_
+probability, or inferences derived from particular passages, we are bound
+to suppose that the two authors wrote scene by scene. Shakspeare might
+surely be allowed to touch up scenes, of which the mass might be written by
+Fletcher.
+
+As to the dates, MR. COLLIER is persuaded that _Henry VIII._ was written in
+the winter of 1603-4. The accession of James was in March, 1603. MR.
+COLLIER thinks that the compliments to Queen Elizabeth were not written in
+her lifetime. He thinks that, even in the last year of her long reign, no
+one would have ventured to call her an "aged princess," though merely as a
+way of saying that she would have a long reign; and he says, there is not
+the slightest evidence that the compliment to King James was an
+interpolation. But surely it is strong evidence that if there is no
+interpolation, this passage--
+
+                 "As when
+  The bird of wonder dies, the maiden phoenix,"
+
+afterwards--
+
+ "When Heav'n shall call her from this cloud of darkness,"
+
+and then, after disposing of the King--
+
+ "She shall be to the happiness of England
+  An aged princess     .    .    .
+      .    .    .    .    .    .
+  Would I had known no more--but she must die;
+  She must--the saints must have her yet a virgin," &c.
+
+{191} would be ridiculous. All that can be said is, that either way it is
+partly ridiculous to make it a matter of prophecy and lamentation that a
+human being must, sometime or other, die.
+
+But it is very difficult to conceive that the compliments to Elizabeth
+should have been written after her death.
+
+Fletcher, born in 1579, did not, in Mr. Dyce's opinion, bring out anything
+singly or jointly with Beaumont till 1606 or 1607.
+
+The irrelevant scenes, like that of Ventidius, are introduced with two
+objects--one to gain time, the other for the sake of naturalness: of the
+latter of which there are two instances in _Macbeth_; one where the King
+talks of the swallows' nests: the other, relating to the English king
+touching for the evil, seems remarkably suited to the mind of Shakspeare.
+
+C. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"SUN, STAND THOU STILL UPON GIBEON!"
+
+(JOSH. x. 12.)
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 137.)
+
+The observations of I. K. upon this passage have obviously proceeded from a
+praiseworthy wish to remove what has appeared to some minds to be
+inconsistent with that perfect truth which they expect to be the result of
+divine inspiration. I. K. doubtless believes that God put it into the heart
+of Joshua to utter a command for the miraculous continuance of daylight.
+But why should he expect the inspiration to extend so far as to instruct
+Joshua respecting the manner in which that continuance was to be brought
+about? Joshua was not to be the worker of the miracle. It was to be wrought
+by Him who can as easily stop any part of the stupendous machinery of His
+universe, as we can stop the wheels of a watch. Joshua was left to speak,
+as he naturally would, in terms well fitted to make those around him
+understand, and tell others, that the sun and moon, whom the defeated
+people notoriously worshipped, were so far from being able to protect their
+worshippers, that they were made to promote their destruction at the
+bidding of Joshua, whom God had commissioned to be the scourge of
+idolaters. And when the inspired recorder of the miracle wrote that "the
+sun stood still," he told what the eyes saw, with the same truth as I might
+say that the sun _rose_ before seven this morning. Inspiration was not
+bestowed to make men wise in astronomy, but wise unto salvation.
+
+Those who think that the inspired penman should have said "the earth stood
+still," in order to give a perfectly true account of the miracle, have need
+to be told, or would do well to remember, that the stopping of the diurnal
+revolution of the earth, in order to keep the sun and moon's apparent
+places the same, would not involve a cessation of its motion in its orbit,
+still less a cessation of that great movement of the whole solar system, by
+which it is now more than conjectured that the sun, the moon, and the earth
+are all carried on together at the rate of above 3700 miles in an hour; so
+that to say "the earth stood still" would be liable to the same objection,
+viz., that of not being astronomically true. I. K. carries his notion of
+the "inseparable connexion" of the sun "with all planetary motion" too far,
+when he supposes that a stoppage of the sun's motion round its own axis
+would have any effect on our planet. The note he quotes from Kitto's
+_Pictorial Bible_ is anything but satisfactory; and that from Mant is
+childishly common-place. Good old Scott adverts with propriety to the
+Creator's power to keep all things in their places, when the earth's
+revolution was stopped; but when he endeavoured to illustrate it by the
+little effect of a ship's _casting anchor when under full sail_, he should
+have consulted his friend Newton, who would have stopped such an
+imagination. Another commentator, Holden, has argued, in spite of the
+Hebrew, that "in the midst of heaven" cannot mean mid-day, having made up
+his mind that the moon can never be seen at that hour!
+
+Such helpers do but make that difficult which, if received in its
+simplicity, need neither perplex a child nor a philosopher.
+
+H. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. iii., p. 60.).--The late Bishop Butler's collection
+of manuscripts is in the British Museum. I send you a copy of the bishop's
+own description of the MS. (which should be called the _St. Gall MS._),
+from the printed Catalogue, which was prepared for a sale by auction,
+previous to the negociation with the trustees for the purchase of the
+collection for the nation.
+
+    "Acta Apostolorum. Epistolæ Pauli et Catholicæ cum Apocalypsi. Latinè.
+    Sæculi IX. Upon Vellum. 4to.
+
+The date of this most valuable and important manuscript is preserved by
+these verses:
+
+ 'Iste liber Pauli retinet documenta sereni
+  Hartmodus Gallo quem contulit Abba Beato,
+  Si quis et hunc Sancti sumit de culmine Galli
+  Hunc Gallus Paulusque simul dent pestibus amplis.'
+
+Which I thus have tried to imitate:
+
+  Thys boke conteynes the doctrynes of Seynct Paull,
+  Hartmodus thabbat yeve yt to Seynct Gall;
+  Gyf any tak thys boke from hygh Seynct Gall,
+  Seynct Gall appall hym and Seynct Paull hym gall.
+
+Hartmodus was Abbot of St. Gall in the Grisons from A.D. 872 to 874. The
+MS. therefore may be earlier than the former, but cannot be later than the
+latter date. {192}
+
+This MS. is of the very highest importance. It contains the celebrated
+passage of St. John thus: 'Quia tres sunt, qui testimonium dant, Spliritus,
+aqua, et sanguis, et tres unum sunt. Sicut in coelo tres sunt, Pater,
+Verbum, et Spiritus, et tres unum sunt.' This most important word _Sicut_
+clearly shows how the disputed passage, from having been a Gloss crept into
+the text. And on the first page prior to the Seven Catholic Epistles is the
+Prologue of St. Jerome, bearing his name in uncials, which Porson and other
+learned men think spurious. See Porson's _Letters to Travis_, p. 290."--Bp.
+Butler's Manuscript Catalogue.
+
+H. Foss.
+
+  Rotherhithe, Jan. 29. 1851.
+
+_Harrison's Chronology_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--To the querist on William
+Harrison all lovers of bibliography are under obligations. At Oxford, amid
+the Bodleian treasures, he could not have had many questions to ask: at
+Thurles the case may be much otherwise, and he is entitled to a prompt
+reply.
+
+After examining the _Typographical Antiquities_ of Ames and Herbert, and
+various bibliographical works, relying also on my own memory as a collector
+of books for more than thirty years, I may venture to assert that the
+_Chronology_ of W. Harrison has never been printed. I can further assert
+that no copy of the work is recorded in the _Catalogi librorum
+manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ_, Oxoniæ, 1697.
+
+The best account of Harrison is given by bishop Tanner, in his _Bibliotheca
+Britannico-Hibernica_. Wood, however, should be consulted. With reference
+to the events of his life, it is important to observe that the date of his
+letter to sir William Brooke, which may be called an autobiography in
+miniature, is 1577.
+
+Assuming that this question could not escape the notice of other
+contributors, I had made no researches with a view to answer it, and shall
+be happy to remedy the defects of this scrap at a future time.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+_Mistletoe on Oaks_ (Vol. ii., pp. 163, 214.).--Is it ever found now on
+_other_ trees? Sir Thos. Browne (_Vulg. Err._ lib. ii. cap. vi. § 3.) says,
+"We observe it in England very commonly upon _Sallow_, _Hazell_, and Oake."
+By-the-bye, DR. BELL (p. 163.) seems to adopt the belief, which it is
+Browne's object in the section referred to above to refute, viz., that
+"Misseltoe is bred upon trees, from seeds which birds let fall thereon."
+Have later observations shown that it was Browne himself who was in error?
+
+ACHE.
+
+_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--An instance of the cognate custom
+of swearing by pheasants is given by Michelet, _Précis de l'Histoire
+Moderne_ (pp. 19, 20.). On the taking of Constantinople by the Turks,--
+
+    "L'Europe s'émut enfin: Nicholas V. prêcha la croisade.... à Lille, le
+    duc de Bourgoyne fit apparaître, dans un banquet, l'image de l'Eglise
+    désolée et, selon les rites de la chevalerie, jura Dieu, la Vierge, les
+    dames, et _le faisan_, qu'il irait combattre les infidèles." (1454.)
+
+It seems, however, that in spite of all these formalities, the oath did not
+sit very heavily on the conscience of the taker: for we are told
+immediately after that--
+
+    "Cette ardeur dura peu.... le duc de Bourgoyne resta dans ses états."
+
+Michelet gives, as his authority, Olivier de la Marche, t. viii. _De la
+Collection des Mémoires rélatifs à l'Hist. de France_, edit. de M. Petitot.
+
+X. Z.
+
+_Jurare ad caput animalium_ (Vol. ii., p. 392; Vol. iii., p.
+71.).--Schayes, a Belgic writer (in _Les Pays Bas avant et durant la
+Domination Romaine_, vol. ii. p. 73. et seq.), furnishes references to two
+councils, in which this mode of swearing was condemned, viz. Concil.
+Aurelianense (Orleans), A.D. 541, and Concil. Liptinense (Liptines or
+Lestines), 743. On the Indiculus Paganiarum of the latter he subjoins the
+commentaries of Des Roches (_Anc. Mém. de l'Acad. de Brux._), de Meinders
+(_de statu relig. sub Carolo M._, p. 144.), d'Eckart (_Francia Orient_,
+lib. i. p. 407.), de Canciani (_de Legibus barbaror._, tom. iii. p. 78.).
+The enquirer may also consult Riveli Opera on the Decalogue; Petiti,
+_Observ. Miscell._ lib. iv. c. 7.: "Defenditur Socrates ab improba
+Lactantii calumnia et de ejus jusjurando per _canem_:" and Alex. ab
+Alexandro, _Geniales Dies_, lib. v. c. 10.
+
+I may avail myself of this opportunity of noticing the misprint in p. 152.,
+_V_ezron for _P_ezron.
+
+T. J.
+
+_Ten Children at a Birth_ (Vol. ii., p. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 64.).--We are
+indebted to the obliging courtesy of the editor of the _Leeds Mercury_ for
+the following extract from that paper of the 9th October, 1781:--
+
+    "A letter from Sheffield, dated October 1, says, 'This day one Ann
+    Birch, formerly of Derby, who came to work at the silk-mills here, was
+    delivered of TEN children; nine were dead, and one living, which, with
+    the mother, is likely to do well.'"
+
+Our informant adds--
+
+    "I never heard of any silk-mills at Sheffield. If there was a Medical
+    Society in Sheffield then, its records might be examined."
+
+Can our correspondent N. D. throw any further light upon this certainly
+curious and interesting case?
+
+_Richard Standfast_ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--This divine is buried in Christ
+Church, Bristol; having been rector of that church for the long space of
+fifty-one years. There is a monument erected to his memory in the
+above-mentioned building, with the following inscription:-- {193}
+
+    "Near this place lieth the body of Richard Standfast, Master of Arts,
+    of Sidney College in Cambridge, and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to his Majesty
+    King Charles I., who for his loyalty to the King and stedfastness in
+    the established religion, suffered fourteen years' sequestration. He
+    returned to his place in Bristol at the restoration of King Charles
+    II., was then made prebendary of the cathedral church of Bristol, and
+    for twenty years and better (notwithstanding his blindness) performed
+    the offices of the church exactly, and discharged the duties of an
+    able, diligent, and orthodox preacher. He was Rector of Christ Church
+    upwards of fifty-one years, and died August 24, in the seventy-eighth
+    year of his age, and in the year of Our Lord 1681.
+
+      He shall live again."
+
+The following additional lines, composed by himself, were taken down from
+his own mouth two days before his death; and are, according to his own
+desire, inscribed on his tomb:--
+
+   "Jacob was at Bethel found,
+    And so may we, though under ground.
+    With Jacob there God did intend,
+    To be with him where'ver he went,
+    And to bring him back again,
+    Nor was that promise made in vain.
+  Upon which words we rest in confidence
+  That he which found him there will fetch us hence.
+  Nor without cause are we persuaded thus,
+  For where God spake with him, he spake with us."
+
+Besides the work your correspondent mentions, he wrote a book, entitled a
+_Caveat against Seducers_.
+
+J. K. R. W.
+
+  Feb. 22. 1851.
+
+"_Jurat, crede minus_" (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--This epigram was quoted by
+Sir Ed. Coke on the trial of Henry Garnet. The author I cannot tell, but
+F. R. R. may be glad to trace it up thus far.
+
+J. BS.
+
+_Rab Surdam_ (Vol. ii., p. 493.; Vol. iii., p. 42.).--May not "Rab Surdam"
+be the ignorant stone-cutter's version of "resurgam?"
+
+M. A. H.
+
+_The Scaligers_ (Vol. iii., p. 133.).--Everything relating to this family
+is interesting, and I have read with pleasure your correspondent's
+communication on the origin of their armorial bearings. I am, however,
+rather surprised to observe, that he seems to take for granted the
+relationship of Julius Cæsar Scaliger and his son Joseph to the Lords of
+Verona, which has been so convincingly disproved by several writers. The
+world has been for some time pretty well satisfied that these two
+illustrious scholars were mere impostors in the claim they made, that
+Joseph Scaliger's letter to Janus Dousa was a very impudent affair. If your
+correspondent has met with any new evidence in support of their claim, it
+would gratify me much if he would make it known. Who would not derive
+pleasure from seeing the magnificent boast of Joseph proved at last to have
+been founded in fact:
+
+    "Ego sum septimus ab Imperatore Ludovico et Illustrissimâ Hollandiæ
+    comite Margareta: septimus item a Mastino tertio, ut et magnus Rex
+    Franciscus, literarum parcus."
+
+and Scioppius's parting recommendation--
+
+    "Quid jam reliquum est tibi, nisi ut nomen commutes et ex Scalifero
+    fias Furcifer?"--_Scaliger Hypobolimaeus. Mogunt._, 1607, 4to., p. 74.
+    b.
+
+deprived of its force and stringency? I fear, however, that this is not to
+be expected.
+
+It is impossible to read Joseph Scaliger's defence of his own case in the
+rejoinder to Scioppius, _Confutatio fabulæ Burdonum_, without observing
+that the author utterly fails in connecting Niccolo, the great-grandfather
+of Joseph, with Guglielmo della Scala, the son of Can Grande Secundo. And
+yet such is the charm of genius, that the _Confutatio_, altogether
+defective in the main point as a reply, will ever be read with delight by
+succeeding generations of scholars.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+  Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851.
+
+_Lincoln Missal_ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--It is clear that one of the most
+learned ritualists, Mr. Maskell, did not know of a manuscript of the
+Lincoln Use, else he would have noted it in his work, _The Ancient Liturgy
+of the British Church_, where the other Uses of Salisbury, York, Bangor,
+and Hereford, are compared together. In his preface to this work (p. ix.)
+he states--
+
+    "It has been doubted whether there ever was a Lincoln Use in any other
+    sense than a different mode and practice of chanting."
+
+MR. PEACOCK would probably find more information in the _Monumenta
+Ritualia_, to which Mr. Maskell refers in his preface.
+
+N. E. R. (A Subscriber.)
+
+_By and bye_ (Vol. iii., p. 73.).--Your correspondent S. S., in support of
+his opinion that _by the bye_ means "by the way," suggests that _good bye_
+may mean "bon voyage." I must say the commonly received notion, that it is
+a contraction of "God be wi' ye," appears to me in every way preferable. I
+think that in the writers of the Elizabethan age, every intermediate
+variety of form (such as "God b' w' ye," &c.) may be found; but I cannot at
+this moment lay my hand on any instance.
+
+In an ingenious and amusing article in a late Number of the _Quarterly_,
+the character of different nations is shown to be indicated by their
+different forms of greeting, and surely the same may be said of their forms
+of taking leave. The English pride themselves, and with justice, on being a
+peculiarly religious people: now, applying the above test,--as the
+Frenchman has his _adieu_, the Italian his _addio_, the Portuguese his
+_addios_, and the Spaniard his "vaya usted con _Dios_,"--it is to be
+presumed {194} that the Englishman, also, on parting from his friend, will
+commit him to the care of Providence. On the other hand, it must be
+admitted that the Germans, who, as well as the English, are supposed to
+entertain a deeper sense of religion than many other nations, content
+themselves with a mere "lebe-wohl." I should be obliged if some one of your
+readers will favour me with the forms of taking leave used by other
+nations, in order that I may be enabled to see whether the above test will
+hold good on a more extensive application.
+
+X. Z.
+
+_Gregory the Great._--This is clearly a mere slip of the pen in Lady
+Morgan's pamphlet. I I think it may confidently be asserted that Gregory
+VII. has not been thus designated habitually at any period.
+
+R. D. H.
+
+_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., p. 92.)--"The earliest connexion of the colour blue
+with truth" (which inquiry I cannot consider as synonymous with the
+original Query, Vol. ii., p. 494.) is doubtless to be traced back to one of
+the typical garments worn by the Jewish high priest, which was (see
+Godwyn's _Moses and Aaron_, London, 1631, lib. i. chap. 5.) "A robe all of
+blew, with seventy two bels of gold, and as many pomegranates, of blew,
+purple, and scarlet, upon the skirts thereof." He says that "by the bells
+was typed the sound of his (Christ's) doctrine; by the pomegranates the
+sweet savour of an holy life;" and, without doubt, by "the blew robe" was
+typified the immutability and truthfulness of the person, mission, and
+doctrine of our great High Priest, who was clothed with truth as with a
+garment. The great Antitype was a literal embodiment of the symbolic
+panoply of his lesser type.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Drachmarus_ (Vol. iii., p. 157.).--Your correspondent has my most cordial
+thanks both for his suggestion, and also for his conjecture.
+
+1. Perhaps you will kindly afford me space to say, that the name of
+Drachmarus occurs in a well-written MS. account of Bishop Cosin's
+controversy, during his residence in Paris, with the Benedictine Prior
+Robinson, concerning the validity of our English ordination: in the course
+of which, after stating the opinion of divers of the Fathers, that the keys
+of order and jurisdiction were given John xx., "Quorum peccata," &c., Cosin
+adds:
+
+    "I omit Hugo Cardinalis, the ordinary gloss, _Drachmarus_, Scotus, as
+    men of a later age (though all, as you say, of your church) that might
+    be produced to the same purpose."
+
+I should here perhaps state, that no letter of Prior Robinson's is extant
+in which any mention is made either of Drachmarus or of Druthmarus.
+
+2. Before my Query was inserted, it had not only occurred to me as probable
+that the transcriber might have written Drachmarus in mistake for
+Druthmarus, but I had also consulted such of Druthmar's writings as are
+found in the _Bibl. Patr._ I came to the conclusion, however, that a later
+writer than Christian Druthmar was intended. _My_ conjecture was, that
+Drachmarus must be a second name for some known writer of the age of the
+schoolmen, just as _Carbajulus_ may be found cited under the name of
+_Loysius_, or _Loisius_, which are only other forms of his Christian name,
+_Ludovicus_.
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex._--E. H. Y. (Vol. iii., p. 66.) is wrong in
+assigning the title of Lord _Mountacute_ to the Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex.
+In 1 & 2 Phil. and Mary, Sir Antony Browne (son of the Master of the Horse
+to Henry VIII.) was created Viscount _Montague_ (Collins). When curate of
+Eastbourne, in which parish are situated the ruins of their ancestral Hall
+of Cowdray, I frequently heard the village dames recite the tales of the
+rude forefathers of the hamlet respecting the family.
+
+They relate, that while the great Sir Antony (temp. Hen. VIII.) was holding
+a revel, a monk presented himself before the guests and pronounced the
+curse of fire and water against the male descendants of the family, till
+none should be left, because the knight had received and was retaining the
+church-lands of Battle Abbey, and those which belonged to the priory of
+Eastbourne. Within the last hundred years, destiny, though slow of foot,
+has overtaken the fated race. In one day the hall perished by fire, and the
+lord by water, as mentioned by E. H. Y. The male line being extinct, the
+estate passed to the sister of Lord Montague. This lady was married to the
+late W. S. Poyntz, Esq., M.P. The two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Poyntz were
+drowned at Bognor, and the estate a second time devolved on the female
+representatives. These ladies, still living, are the Marchioness of Exeter,
+the Countess Spencer, and the Dowager Lady Clinton. The estate passed by
+purchase into the hands of the Earl of Egmont.
+
+The old villagers, the servants, and the descendants of servants of the
+family, point to the ruins of the hall, and religiously cling to the belief
+that its destruction and that of its lords resulted from the curse. It
+certainly seems an illustration of Archbishop Whitgift's words to Queen
+Elizabeth:
+
+    "Church-land added to an ancient inheritance hath proved like a moth
+    fretting a garment, and secretly consumed both: or like the eagle that
+    stole a coal from the altar, and thereby set her nest on fire, which
+    consumed both her young eagles and herself that stole it."
+
+E. RDS.
+
+  Queen's Col., Birm., Feb. 20. 1851.
+
+_Red Hand_ (Vol. ii., p. 506., _et antè_).--A correspondent, ARUN, says,
+"Your correspondents would confer a heraldic benefit if they would {195}
+point out other instances, which I believe to exist, where family
+reputation has been damaged by similar ignorance in heraldic
+interpretation." I have always thought this ignorance to be universal with
+the country people in England: I could mention _several instances_. First,
+when I was a boy at school I was shown the hatchments in Wateringbury
+church, in Kent, by my master, and informed that Sir Thomas Styles had
+murdered some domestic, and was consequently obliged to bear the "bloody
+hand:" and lastly, and lately, at Church-Gresley, in Derbyshire, at the old
+hall of the Gresley family, I was shown the marble table on which Sir Roger
+or Sir Nigel Gresley had cut up, in a sort of Greenacre style, his cook;
+for which he was obliged to have the bloody hand in his arms, and put into
+the church on his tomb.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+_Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe_ (Vol. iii., p. 137.).--The two
+tracts mentioned by your correspondent R. D. H., and which he states he has
+often sought in vain, namely, _Augusta Triumphans_, London, 1728, 8vo., and
+_Second Thoughts are best_, London, 1729, 8vo., are to be found in the
+_Selection from Defoe's Works_ published by Talboys in 20 vols. 12mo. in
+1840. They are both indisputably by Defoe, and contain, as your
+correspondent observes, many anticipations of modern improvements. I may
+mention that there is a tract, also beyond doubt by Defoe, on the subject
+of London street-robberies, which has never yet been noticed or attributed
+to him by any one. It is far more curious and valuable than _Second
+Thoughts are best_, and is perfectly distinct from that tract. It gives a
+history, and the only one I ever yet met with, written in all Defoe's
+graphic manner, of the London police and the various modes of street
+robbery in the metropolis, from the time of Charles II. to 1731, and
+concludes by suggestions of effectual means of prevention. It is evidently
+the work of one who had lived in London during the whole of the period. The
+title is--
+
+    "An effectual Scheme for the immediate preventing of Street Robberies,
+    and suppressing all other Disorders of the Night, with a brief History
+    of the Night Houses, and an Appendix relating to those Sons of Hell
+    called Incendiaries. Humbly inscribed to the Right Honourable the Lord
+    Mayor of the City of London. London: Printed for J. Wilford, at the
+    Three Flower de Luees, behind the Chapter House in St. Paul's Church
+    Yard. 1731. (Price 1s.) 8vo., pages 72."
+
+I have also another tract on the same subject, which has not been noticed
+by Defoe's biographers, but which I have no hesitation in ascribing to him.
+It is curious enough, but not of equal value with the last. The title is--
+
+    "Street Robberies considered. The reason of their being so frequent,
+    with probable Means to prevent 'em. To which is added, three short
+    Treatises: 1. A Warning for Travellers; with Rules to know a Highwayman
+    and Instructions how to behave upon the occasion. 2. Observations on
+    Housebreakers. How to prevent a Tenement from being broke open. With a
+    Word of Advice concerning Servants. 3. A Caveat for Shopkeepers: with a
+    Description of Shoplifts, how to know 'em, and how to prevent 'em: also
+    a Caution of delivering Goods: with the Relation of several Cheats
+    practised lately upon the Publick. Written by a converted Thief. To
+    which is prefix'd some Memoirs of his Life. _Set a Thief to catch a
+    Thief._ London: Printed for J. Roberts, in Warwick Lane. Price 1s. (No
+    date, but circ. 1726.) 8vo., pages 72."
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_Meaning of Waste-book_ (Vol. iii., p. 118.).--The _waste-book_ in a
+counting-house is that in which all the transactions of the day, receipts,
+payments, &c., are entered miscellaneously as they occur, and of which no
+account is immediately taken, no value immediately found; whence, so to
+speak, the mass of affairs is undigested, and the wilderness or _waste_ is
+uncultivated, and without result until entries are methodically made in the
+day-book and ledger; without which latter appliances there would, in
+book-keeping, be _waste_ indeed, in the worst sense of the term. The word
+_day-book_ explains itself. The word _ledger_ is explained in Johnson's and
+in Ash's _Dictionary_, from the Dutch, as signifying a book that lies in
+the counting-house _permanently in one place_. The etymology there given
+also explains why certain lines used in fishing-tackle, by old Isaak
+Walton, and by his disciples at the present day, are called _ledger-lines_.
+It, however, does not seem to explain the phrase _ledger-lines_, used in
+music; namely, the term applied to those short lines added above or below
+the staff of five lines, when the notes run very high or very low, and
+which are exactly those which are not _permanent_. Here the French word
+_léger_ tempts the etymologist a little.
+
+ROBERT SNOW.
+
+_Deus Justificatus_ (Vol. ii., p. 441.).--There is no doubt that this work
+was written by Henry Hallywell, and not by Cudworth. Dr. Worthington, whose
+intercourse with the latter was of the most intimate kind, and who would
+have been fully aware of the fact had he been the author, observes, in a
+letter not dated, but written circ. September, 1668, addressed to Dr. More,
+and of which I have a copy now before me:
+
+    "I bought at London Mr. Hallywell's _Deus Justificatus_. Methinks it is
+    better written than his former Letter. He will write better and
+    better."
+
+In a short account of Hallywell, who was of the school of Cudworth and
+More, and whose MS. correspondence with the latter is now in my possession,
+in Wood's _Fasti_, vol. ii. p. 187. Edit. Bliss, Wood, "amongst several
+things that he hath published," enumerates five only, but does not give the
+_Deus Justificatus_ amongst them. It {196} appears (Wood's _Athenæ_, vol.
+iv. p. 230.) that he was ignorant who the author of this tract was.
+
+It is somewhat singular that the mistake in ascribing _Deus Justificatus_
+to Cudworth should have been continued in Kippis's edition of the
+_Biographia Britannica_. It was so ascribed to him, first, as far as I can
+find, by a writer of the name of Fancourt, in the preface to his _Free
+Agency of Accountable Creatures Examined_, London, 1733, 8vo. On his
+authority it was included in the list of Cudworth's works in the _General
+Dictionary_, 1736, folio, vol. iv. p. 487., and in the _Biographia
+Britannica_, 1750, vol. iii. p. 1581., and in the last edition by Kippis.
+Birch, in the mean time, finding, no doubt, on inquiry, that there was no
+ground for ascribing it to Cudworth, made no mention of it in his accurate
+life prefixed to the edition of the _Intellectual System_ in 1742.
+
+Hallywell, the author, deserves to be better known. In many passages in his
+works he gives ample proof that he had fully imbibed the lofty Platonism
+and true Christian spirit of his great master.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_Touchstone's Dial_ (Vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., pp. 52. 107.).--I am
+gratified to find that my note on "Touchstone's Dial" has prompted MR.
+STEPHENS to send you his valuable communication on these old-fashioned
+chronometers. The subjoined extract from _Travels in America in the Year_
+1806, by Thomas Ashe, Esq., is interesting, as it shows that "Ring-dials"
+were used as common articles of barter in America at the commencement of
+the present century:--
+
+    "The storekeepers on the Alleghany River from above Pittsburg to New
+    Orleans are obliged to keep every article which it is possible that the
+    farmer and manufacturer may want. Each of their shops exhibits a
+    complete medley: a magazine, where are to be had both a needle and an
+    anchor, a tin pot and a large copper boiler, a child's whistle and a
+    piano-forte, a _ring-dial_ and a clock," &c.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+_Ring Dials_.--I was interested with the reference to _Pocket Sun-dials_ in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," pp. 52. 107. because it re-furnished an opportunity of
+placing in print a scrap of information on the subject, which I neglected
+to embrace when I first read MR. KNIGHT'S note on the passage in
+Shakspeare. About seventy years ago these small, cheap, brass "Ring-dials"
+for the pocket were manufactured by the gross by a firm in Sheffield
+(Messrs. Proctor), then in Milk street. I well remember the workman--an old
+man in my boyhood--who had been employed in making them, as he said, "in
+basketsful;" and also his description of the _modus operandi_, which was
+curious enough. They were of different sizes and prices, and their extreme
+rarity at present, considering the number formerly in use, is only less
+surprising than the commonness of pocket-watches which have superseded
+them. I never saw but one of these cheapest and most nearly forgotten
+horologia, and which the old brass-turner, as I recollect, boasted of as
+"telling the time true to a quarter of an hour!"
+
+D.
+
+  Sheffield, Jan. 2. 1851.
+
+_Cockade_ (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--The Query of A. E. has not yet been
+satisfactorily answered; nor can I pretend to satisfy him. But as a small
+contribution to the history of the decoration in question, I beg to offer
+him the following definition from the _Dictionnaire étymologique_ of
+Roquefort, 8vo., Paris, 1829:--
+
+    "COCARDE, touffe de rubans que sous Louis XIII. on portoit sur le
+    feutre, et qui imitoit la crête du coq."
+
+If this be correct, APODLIKTES (p. 42.) must be mistaken in attributing so
+recent an origin to the cockade as the date of the Hanoverian succession.
+The truth is, that from the earliest period of heraldic institutions,
+colours have been used to symbolise parties. The mode of wearing them may
+have varied; and whether wrought in silk, or more economically represented
+in the stamped leather cockade of our private soldier, is little to the
+purpose. It will, however, hardly be contended that our present fashion at
+all resembles "la crête du coq."
+
+F. S. Q.
+
+"The ribband worn in the hat" was styled "a favour" previous to the Scotch
+Covenanters' nick-naming it a cockade. Allow me to correct APODLIKTES (p.
+42.): "The black _favour_ being the Hanoverian badge, the white _favour_
+that of the Stuarts." The knots or bunches of ribbons given as favours at
+marriages, &c., were not invariably worn in the hat as a cockade is, but it
+was sometimes (see Hudibras, Pt. i. canto ii. line 524.)
+
+ "Wore in their hats like wedding garters."
+
+There is a note on this line in my edition, which is the same as J. B.
+COLMAN refers to for the note on the Frozen Horn (p. 91.).
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Rudbeck's Atlantica--Grenville copy--Tomus I Sine Anno._ 1675. 1679. (Vol.
+iii., p. 26.).--Has any one of these three copies a separate leaf, entitled
+"Ad Bibliopegos?"--Not one of them.
+
+(Neither has the king's (George III.) copy, nor the Sloane copy, both in
+the Museum.)
+
+Has the copy with the date 1679, "Testimonia" at the end?--The Testimonia
+are placed after the Dedication, before the text (they are inlaid). They
+occupy fifteen pages.
+
+Have they a separate _Title_ and a separate sheet of _Errata_?--Neither the
+one nor the other.
+
+Is there a duplicate copy of this separate Title at the end of the
+Preface?--No.
+
+(The copy with the date 1675 has at the end Testimonia filling eight pages,
+with a separate title, and a leaf containing three lines of Errata.)
+
+Tomus II. 1689.--How many pages of {197} Testimonia are there at the end of
+the Preface?--Thirty-eight pages.
+
+(In George III.'s copy the Testimonia occupy forty-three pages.)
+
+Is there in any one of these volumes the name of any former owner, any book
+number, or any other mark by which they can be recognised; for instance,
+that of the Duke de la Vallière?--No. Not in Mr. Grenville's, nor in George
+III.'s, nor in the Sloane's; this last has not the Third Volume.
+
+HENRY FOSS.
+
+_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., p. 11.).--It is a tradition
+in a family with which I am connected, that Queen Elizabeth had a son, who
+was sent over to Ireland, and placed under the care of the Earl of Ormonde.
+The Earl, it will be remembered, was distantly related to the Queen, her
+great-grandmother being the daughter of Thomas, the eighth Earl.
+
+Papers are said to exist in the family which prove the above statement.
+
+J. BS.
+
+_Private Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth._--The curious little volume mentioned
+by MR. ROPER (Vol. iii., p. 45.), is most probably the book alluded to by
+J. E. C., p. 23. I possess a copy of much later date (1767). It is worthy
+of note, that the narrative is headed _The Earl of Essex; or, the Amours of
+Queen Elizabeth_; while the title-page states, _The secret History of the
+most Renown'd Q. Elizabeth and Earl of Essex_.
+
+I think it can scarcely be said to be _corroborative_ of the "scandal"
+contained in Mr. Ives's MS. note, or that in Burton's _Parliamentary
+Diary_, cited by P. T., Vol. ii. p. 393. Whitaker, in his _Vindication of
+Mary Q. of Scots_, has displayed immense industry and research in his
+collection of charges against the private life of Elizabeth, but makes no
+mention of these reports.
+
+E. B. PRICE.
+
+_Bibliographical Queries_ (No. 39.), _Monarchia Solipsorum_ (Vol. iii., p.
+138.).--Your correspondent asks, Can there be the smallest doubt that the
+veritable inventor of this satire upon the Jesuits was their former
+associate, Jules-Clement Scotti? Having paid considerable attention to the
+writings of Scotti, Inchofer, and Scioppius, and to the evidence as to the
+authorship of this work, I should, notwithstanding Niceron's authority, on
+which your correspondent seems to rely, venture to assert that the claim
+made for Scotti, as well as that for Scioppius, may be at once put aside.
+No two authors ever more carefully protected their literary offspring,
+numerous as they were, by the catalogues and lists of them which they
+published or dispersed from time to time, than these two writers. In them
+every tract is claimed, however short, which they had written. Scotti
+published one in 1650, five years after the publication of the _Monarchia
+Solipsorum_; and I have a letter of his, of the same period, containing a
+list of his writings. Scioppius left one, dated 1647, now in MS. in the
+Laurentian Library with his other MSS., and which carefully mentions every
+tract he had written against the Jesuits. The _Monarchia Solipsorum_ does
+not appear in the lists of these two writers; and no good reason can be
+assigned why it should not, on the supposition of its being written by
+either of them. If not in those which were published, it certainly would
+not have been omitted in those communicated to their friends, not Jesuits,
+or which were found amongst their own MSS. Then, nothing can be more
+distinct than the style of Scotti, of Scioppius, and that of the author,
+whoever he was, of the _Monarchia_. The much-vexed spirit of the bitterest
+of critics would have been still more indignant if one or two of the
+passages in this work could ever, in his contemplation, have been imputed
+to his pen.
+
+It is in this case, as in most other similar ones, much easier to conclude
+who is not, than who is the author of the book in question. The internal
+evidence is very strong in favour of Inchofer. It was published with his
+name in 1652, seven years only after the date of the first edition; and the
+witnesses are many among his contemporaries, who speak positively to his
+being the author. Further, there is no great dissimilarity in point of
+style, and I have collected several parallel expressions occurring in the
+_Monarchia_ and Inchofer's other works, which very much strengthen the
+claim made on his behalf, but which it is scarcely necessary to insert
+here. In my opinion, he is the real author. The question might, I have no
+doubt, be finally set at rest by an examination of his correspondence with
+Leo Allatius, which is, or was, at all events, in the Vatican.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+  Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851.
+
+_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 93.).--It was one of the proofs
+against the Duke of Monmouth, that he had touched for the evil when in the
+West; and I have seen a handbill describing the cures he effected. It was
+sold at Sir John St. Aubyn's sale of prints at Christie's some few years
+since.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+"_Talk not of Love_" (Vol. iii., pp. 7.77.).--In answering the Query of
+A. M. respecting this pleasing little song, your correspondents have
+neglected to mention that the earliest copy of it, _i.e._ that in Johnson's
+_Scots Musical Museum_, has _two_ additional stanzas. This is important,
+because, from No. 8. of Burns's _Letters to Clarinda_, it appears that the
+concluding lines were supplied by Burns himself to suit the music. He
+remarks that--
+
+    "The latter half of the first stanza would have been worthy of Sappho.
+    I am in raptures with it."
+
+{198} Mrs. Mac Lehose (_Clarinda_) was living in 1840, in the eightieth
+year of her age.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Did St. Paul's Clock strike Thirteen?_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--Yes: but it
+was not then at St. Paul's; for I think St. Paul's was then being rebuilt.
+The correspondent to the _Antiquarian Repertory_ says:
+
+    "The first time I heard it (the circumstance) was at Windsor, before
+    St. Paul's had a clock, when the soldier's plea was said to be that Tom
+    of Westminster struck thirteen instead of twelve at the time when he
+    ought to have been relieved. It is not long since a newspaper mentioned
+    the death of one who said he was the man."
+
+About the beginning of the eighteenth century this bell was removed to St.
+Paul's, &c.--Can any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply the
+newspaper notice above referred to. The above was written in 1775. The
+clock tower in which the bell was originally (and must have been when the
+sentinel heard it) was removed in 1715.
+
+JOHN FRANCIS.
+
+    [The story is given in Walcott's _Memorials of Westminster_ as being
+    thus recorded in _The Public Advertiser_ of Friday, 22nd June,
+    1770:--"Mr. John Hatfield, who died last Monday at his house in
+    Glasshouse Yard, Aldersgate, aged 102 years, was a soldier in the reign
+    of William and Mary, and the person who was tried and condemned by a
+    Court Martial for falling asleep on his duty upon the terrace at
+    Windsor. He absolutely denied the charge against him, and solemnly
+    declared that he heard St. Paul's clock strike thirteen, the truth of
+    which was much doubted by the court because of the great distance. But
+    whilst he was under sentence of death, an affidavit was made by several
+    persons that the clock actually did strike thirteen instead of twelve;
+    whereupon he received his majesty's pardon. The above his friends
+    caused to be engraved upon his plate, to satisfy the world of the truth
+    of a story which has been much doubted, though he had often confirmed
+    it to many gentlemen, and a few days before his death told it to
+    several of his neighbours. He enjoyed his sight and memory to the day
+    of his death."]
+
+_Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iii., p.
+113.).--Among the benefits conferred by "NOTES AND QUERIES" upon the
+literary world, is the information occasionally afforded, in what
+libraries, public and private, very rare books are deposited. MR. COLLIER
+expresses his thanks to MR. LAING for sending to him a very rare volume by
+Kyffin. Had I seen his "Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers'
+Company," I should have had much pleasure in furnishing him with extracts,
+from another copy in the Chetham Library, of the tract he has described.
+The Rev. T. Corser possesses the same author's _Blessedness of Britain_.
+His other works are enumerated by Watt, and should be transferred to a
+Bibliotheca Cambrensis.
+
+T. J.
+
+_Metrical Psalms, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--ARUN may find all the
+information he seeks by consulting a treatise of _Heylin's_ on the subject
+of the metrical version of the Psalms, published by Dr. Rich. Watson, under
+the title of _The Deduction_, 8vo. Lond. 1685.
+
+Together with this treatise, two letters from Bishop _Cosin_ to Watson are
+published; in the latter of which, towards the end, the following paragraph
+occurs:--
+
+    "The singing Psalms are not adjoined to our Bibles, or to our Liturgy,
+    by any other authority than what the Company of Stationers for their
+    own gain have procured, either by their own private ordinances among
+    themselves, or by some order from the Privy Council in Queen
+    Elizabeth's time. Authority of convocation, or of Parliament, such as
+    our Liturgy had, never had they any: only the Queen, by her Letters
+    Patent to the Stationers, gave leave to have them printed, and allowed
+    them (did not command them) to be sung in churches or private houses by
+    the people. When the Liturgy was set forth, and commanded to be used,
+    these psalms were not half of them composed: no bishop ever inquired of
+    their observance, nor did ever any judge at an assize deliver them in
+    his charge: which both the one and other had been bound to do, if they
+    had been set forth by the same authority which the Liturgy was. Besides
+    you may observe, that they are never printed with the Liturgy or Bible,
+    nor ever were; but only bound up, as the stationers please, together
+    with it," &c.
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_Aristophanes on the Modern Stage_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.)--Molière has
+availed himself in the comedy of the _Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ very liberally
+of the comedy of the _Clouds_. The lesson in grammar given to Monsr.
+Jourdain is nearly the same as that which Socrates gives to Strepsiades.
+
+W. B. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The last number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ contains a very important
+paper upon the limited accessibility of the State Paper Office to literary
+inquirers, and the consequent injury to historical literature. But not only
+is the present system illiberal; it seems that it has been determined by
+the Lords of the Treasury that the historical papers anterior to 1714 shall
+be transferred from the State Paper Office to the new Record Office, which
+is now rising rapidly on the Rolls Estate. Under present circumstances,
+this is a transfer from bad to worse. Our contemporary shows the absurdity
+and injustice to literature of such a determination in a very striking
+manner. We cannot follow him through his proofs, but are bound as the organ
+of literary men to direct attention to the subject. It is most important to
+every one who is interested--and who is not?--in the welfare of historical
+literature. {199}
+
+The _Unpublished Manuscripts on Church Government_ by Archbishop Laud,
+stated to have been prepared for the education of Prince Henry, and
+subsequently presented to Charles I., which we mentioned in our sixty-ninth
+number, was sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, on the 24th ultimo, for
+Twenty Guineas. And here we may note that in the Collection of Autographs
+sold by the same auctioneers on Friday last, among other valuable articles
+was a Letter of Burke, dated 3rd Oct. 1793, from which we quote the
+following passage, which will be read with interest at the present time,
+and furnishes some information respecting Cardinal Erskine--the subject of
+a recent Query:--"I confess, I would, if the matter rested with me, enter
+into much more distinct and avowed political connections with the Court of
+Rome than hitherto we have held. If we decline them, the bigotry will be on
+our part and not on that of his Holiness. Some mischief has happened, and
+much good has, I am convinced, been prevented by our unnatural alienation.
+
+... With regard to Monsignor Erskine, I am certain that all his designs are
+formed upon the most honourable and the most benevolent public principles."
+One of the most interesting lots at the sale was a proclamation of the "Old
+Pretender," dated Rome, 23 Dec. 1743, given "under our Sign Manual and
+Privy Seal," the seal having the inscription "JACOBUS III. REX," which
+fetched Eleven Pounds.
+
+We believe there are few libraries in this country, however small, in which
+there is not to be found one shelf devoted to such pet books on Natural
+History as White's _Selborne_, the _Journal of a Naturalist_, and
+Waterton's _Wanderings_. The writings of Mr. Knox are obviously destined to
+take their place in the same honoured spot. Actuated with the same love of
+nature, and gifted with the same power of patient observation as White, he
+differs from him in the wider range over which he extends his observation,
+and in combining the ardour of the sportsman with the scientific spirit of
+inquiry which distinguishes the naturalist. In his _Game Birds and Wild
+Fowl: their Friends and their Foes_, which contains the result of his
+observations and experience, not only on the birds described in his
+title-page, but on certain other animals supposed, oftentimes most
+erroneously, to be injurious to their welfare and increase--we have a work
+which reflects the highest credit upon the writer, and can scarcely fail to
+accomplish the great end for which Mr Knox wrote it, that of "adding new
+votaries to a loving observation of nature."
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Desdemona, the Magnifico's Child_; the Fourth of Mrs.
+Cowden Clarke's Stories of _The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines_, is
+devoted to the history of
+
+                         "a maid
+  That paragons description and wild fame."
+
+_Gilbert's Popular Narrative of the Origin, History, Progress, and
+Prospects Of the Great Industrial Exhibition of 1851, by Peter Berlyn_,--a
+little volume apparently carefully compiled from authentic sources of
+information upon the several points set forth in its ample title-page.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+WILSON'S ORNAMENTS OF CHURCHES CONSIDERED.
+
+THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED.
+
+CELEBRATED TRIALS, 6 Vols. 8vo., 1825. Vol 6.
+
+OSSIAN, 3 Vols. 12mo. Miller, 1805. Vol. 2.
+
+HOWITT'S RURAL LIFE OF ENGLAND. 12mo. 1838. Vol. 2.
+
+SHARON TURNER'S ANGLO-SAXONS. Last Edition.
+
+CHAMBERS'S SCOTTISH BIOGRAPHY, 4 Vols. 8vo.
+
+THE LADY'S POETICAL MAGAZINE, or BEAUTIES OF BRITISH POETRY, Vol. 2.
+London, 1781.
+
+BURNET'S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION. Folio. Vol. 3.
+
+PASSERI, ISTORIA DELLE PITTURE IN MAJOLICA. Pesaro, 1838; or any other
+Edition.
+
+NAVAL CHRONICLE, any or all of the odd books of the first 12 Vols.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Although we have this week enlarged our paper to 24 pages, we are
+compelled to solicit the indulgence of many correspondents for the
+postponement of many interesting_ NOTES, QUERIES, _and_ REPLIES.
+
+C. H. P. _will find his query inserted. It was in type last week, but only
+postponed from want of room. We have omitted his comment called for by the
+omission of the words "fleet against the."_
+
+W. S. _The fine lines commencing,--_
+
+ "My mind to me a kingdom is,
+  Such perfect joy therein I find:"
+
+_were written by Lovelace._
+
+F. B. RELTON. _The Satyr_ on the Jesuits _was written by John Oldham, and
+originally published in 1679._
+
+SALOPIAN. _The tragedy of_ The Earl of Warwick _or_ The King and Subject,
+_was translated from the French of De la Harpe by Paul Heffernan._
+
+CAM. _It appears from Brayley's_ Londiniana, iv. 5. _on the authority of
+Strype's_ Stow. b. i. p. 287., _that Sir Baptist Hicks, afterwards Viscount
+Campden, was the son of Robert Hicks, a silk mercer, who kept a shop in
+Cheapside, at Soper's Lane End, at the White Bear. See also Cunningham's_
+Handbook of London, _Art._ HICKS' HALL.
+
+O. P. _The lines--_
+
+ "Had Cain been Scot, God would have chang'd his doom,
+  Not forc't him wander, but confin'd him home."
+
+_are from Cleveland's_ Rebell Scott, _and would be found at p. 52 of
+Cleveland's Poems, ed. 1654._
+
+H., _who asks whether any friend living in London would consult books for
+him at the British Museum, and let him know the result, had better specify
+more particularly what is the information he requires._
+
+RUSTICUS _will find the information he seeks in a Biographical Dictionary
+under the name_ Sarpi.
+
+L. J. _Blackstone_ (Book iv. cap. 25.; vol. iv. p. 328. ed 1778) _supposes
+that pressing a mute prisoner to death was gradually introduced between 31
+Edw. III and 8 Hen. IV. as a species of mercy to the delinquent, by
+delivering him sooner from his torment._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED. _"Love's Labour's Lost"--Election of a
+Pope--Umbrellas--Signs on Chemists' Bottles--Christmas Day--Four Events--A
+Coggeshall Job--Denarius Philosophorum--Days of the Week--Hugh Peters--Sun,
+stand thou still--Master John Shorne--Boiling to Death--Wages in the last
+Century--Crossing Rivers on Skins--Election of a Pope--Origin of
+Harlequins--Thomas May--Prince of Wales' Motto--Ten Commandments--Tract on
+the Eucharist._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price
+9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. {200}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW BOOKS.
+
+JUST PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER, AND CO.
+
+I.
+
+THE STONES OF VENICE. Volume the First, THE FOUNDATIONS. By JOHN RUSKIN,
+Esq., Author of "Seven Lamps of Architecture," "Modern Painters," &c. Imp.
+8vo. with 21 Plates and numerous Woodcuts, 2l. 2s. in embossed cloth.
+
+II.
+
+MILITARY MEMOIRS OF LIEUT.-COL. JAMES SKINNER, C.B., commanding a Corps of
+Irregular Cavalry in the Hon. East India Company's Service. By J. BAILLIE
+FRASER, Esq., 2 vols. post 8vo. with Portraits, 21s. cloth.
+
+III.
+
+THE BRITISH OFFICER; his Position, Duties, Emoluments, and Privileges. By
+J. H. STOCQUELER. 8vo. 15s. cloth extra.
+
+IV.
+
+ROSE DOUGLAS; or, the Autobiography of a Minister's Daughter. 2 vols. post
+8vo. 21s. cloth.
+
+V.
+
+A TRIP TO MEXICO; or, Recollections of a Ten Months' Ramble in 1849-50. By
+a BARRISTER. Post 8vo. 9s. cloth.
+
+London: SMITH, ELDER, and CO., 65. Cornhill.
+Edinburgh: OLIVER and BOYD. Dublin: J. M^CGLASHAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IN ANTICIPATION OF EASTER.
+
+THE SUBSCRIBER has prepared an ample supply of his well known and approved
+SURPLICES, from 20s. to 50s., and various devices in DAMASK COMMUNION
+LINEN, well adapted for presentation to Churches.
+
+Illustrated priced Catalogues sent free to the Clergy, Architects, and
+Churchwardens by post, on application to
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Second Edition, now ready, price 3s. 6d.
+
+THE NUPTIALS OF BARCELONA.--A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish Tyranny.
+By R. N. DUNBAR.
+
+    "This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of
+    description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well
+    calculated to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of
+    the day."--_Sunday Times._
+
+SAUNDERS & OTLEY, Publishers, Conduit Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, foolscap 8vo. price 10s. 6d.
+
+THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With Brief Accounts of the
+Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are most
+frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medieval Symbols;
+and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts.
+
+    "It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an
+    archæological, not of a theological character; the Editor has not
+    considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of
+    the legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as
+    legends, and in general so much of them only as is necessary to explain
+    why particular emblems were used with a particular saint, or why
+    Churches in a given locality are named after this or that
+    saint."--_Preface._
+
+JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1851.
+Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a List of the
+Foundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together with an
+Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them. Post 8vo. 4s.
+
+London: JOHN HENRY PARKER, 377. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, imperial 4to., price 10s. 6d.
+
+OUTLINE SKETCHES OF OLD BUILDINGS IN BRUGES. By E. S. COLE. 15 Plates.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In a few days, royal 8vo., cloth, price 10s.
+
+THE SEVEN PERIODS OF ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. Defined and Illustrated
+by EDMUND SHARPE, M.A., Architect, M.I.B.A. An Elementary Work showing at a
+single glance the different Changes through which our National Architecture
+passed, from the Heptarchy to the Reformation. Twelve Steel Engravings and
+Woodcuts.
+
+Each Period, except the First, is illustrated by portions of the Interior
+and the Exterior of one of our Cathedral Churches of corresponding date,
+beautifully engraved on Steel, so presented as to enable the Student to
+draw for himself a close comparison of the characteristic features which
+distinguish the Architecture of each of the SEVEN PERIODS, and which are of
+so striking and simple a nature as to prevent the possibility of mistake.
+
+The First, or Saxon Period, contains so few buildings of interest or
+importance, as to render its comparative illustration unnecessary, if not
+impossible.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just ready, 8vo., cloth, price 15s.
+
+A TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. Containing to Seven Places of Decimals, natural
+Numbers, answering to all Logarithms from 0001 to 99999; and an improved
+Table of Gauss's Logarithms, by which may be found the Logarithm to the sum
+or difference of Two Quantities where Logarithms are given: preceded by an
+Introduction, containing also the History of Logarithms, their
+Construction, and the various Improvements made therein since their
+invention. By HERSCHELL E. FILIPOWSKI. Second edition, revised and
+corrected.
+
+The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype plates of
+these tables, (published a few months ago at 2l. 2s.,) is enabled to offer
+a corrected edition at the above reduced price.
+
+_Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq._
+
+    "I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of
+    Anti-Logarithms and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his
+    proposed table of Annuities for three lives, constructed from the
+    Carlisle Table.
+
+    "The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, in
+    extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique
+    among modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this
+    being supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without
+    qualification.
+
+    "The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of
+    opinion. I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease,
+    as I have found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other
+    tables, and particularly with other FIVE-FIGURE tables, of the same
+    kind, will recommend it. I desire to confine myself to testifying to
+    the facility with which this table can be used: comparison with other
+    forms, as to RELATIVE facility, being out of the question on so short a
+    trial.
+
+    "On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion to
+    say anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well
+    aware how much it is wanted. A. DE MORGAN."
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Choice Engravings, Drawings, and Paintings.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Picadilly, on THURSDAY next, March 13,
+and following day, a collection of choice engravings, mostly of the English
+School, the property of a gentleman, comprising choice proofs of Woollett;
+a series of the works of Joshua Reynolds, all brilliant proofs; Müller's
+Madonna di San Sisto, a very early proof; Charles II. by Farthorne, extra
+rare, a splendid proof; and many other choice proofs of the works of
+English and Foreign Artists. Catalogues will be sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This day is published, Part I., 4to., price 1s.
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF MEDIEVAL COSTUMES in England, collected from MSS. in the
+British Museum, Bibliothèque de Paris, &c. By T. A. DAY and J. B. DINES. To
+be completed in Six Monthly Parts.
+
+London: T. BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 8. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8,
+1851, by Various
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+
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+
+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 26, 2007 [EBook #23205]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 177 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page177"></a>{177}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 71.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, March 8. 1851.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>On Two Passages in "All's Well that Ends Well," by S. W.
+      Singer</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page177">177</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>George Herbert and the Church of Leighton Bromswold</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page178">178</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Folk Lore:&mdash;Sacramental Wine&mdash;"Snail, Snail, come out of
+      your Hole"&mdash;Nievie-nick-nack</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page179">179</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Records at Malta</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page180">180</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>On an Ancient MS. of "Bedæ Historia Ecclesiastica"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page180">180</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Queries:&mdash;The Potter's and Shepherd's
+      Keepsakes&mdash;Writing-paper&mdash;Little Casterton (Rutland)
+      Church&mdash;The Hippopotamus&mdash;Specimens of Foreign
+      English&mdash;St. Clare&mdash;Dr. Dodd&mdash;Hats of Cardinals and
+      Notaries Apostolic&mdash;Baron Munchausen's Frozen
+      Horn&mdash;Contracted Names of Places</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page181">181</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries:</span>&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Bibliographical Queries</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page182">182</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Enigmatical Epitaph</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page184">184</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare's "Merchant of Venice"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page185">185</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Queries:&mdash;Was Lord Howard of Effingham a Protestant or
+      a Papist?&mdash;Lord Bexley: how descended from Cromwell&mdash;Earl
+      of Shaftesbury&mdash;Family of Peyton&mdash;"La Rose nait en un
+      Moment"&mdash;John Collard the Logician&mdash;Traherne's Sheriffs of
+      Glamorgan&mdash;Haybands in Seals&mdash;Edmund Prideaux, and the
+      First Post-office&mdash;William Tell Legend&mdash;Arms of Cottons
+      buried in Landwade Church&mdash;Sir George Buc's Treatise on the
+      Stage&mdash;A Cracowe Pike&mdash;St. Thomas of Trunnions&mdash;Paper
+      mill near Stevenage&mdash;Mounds, Munts, Mounts&mdash;Church
+      Chests&mdash;The Cross-bill&mdash;Iovanni Volpe&mdash;Auriga&mdash;To
+      speak in Lutestring&mdash;"Lavora, come se tu," &amp;c.&mdash;Tomb of
+      Chaucer&mdash;Family of Clench</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page185">185</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies:</span>&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Cranmer's Descendants</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page188">188</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Dutch Popular Song-book, by J. H. van Lennep</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page189">189</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Barons of Hugh Lupus</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page189">189</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare's "Antony and Cleopatra"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page190">190</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon!"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page191">191</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Ulm Manuscript&mdash;Harrison's
+      Chronology&mdash;Mistletoe on Oaks&mdash;Swearing by
+      Swans&mdash;Jurare ad caput animalium&mdash;Ten Children at a
+      Birth&mdash;Richard Standfast&mdash;"Jurat, crede minus"&mdash;Rab
+      Surdam&mdash;The Scaligers&mdash;Lincoln
+      Missal&mdash;By-and-bye&mdash;Gregory the Great&mdash;True
+      Blue&mdash;Drachmarus&mdash;The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex&mdash;Red
+      Hand&mdash;Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe&mdash;Meaning of
+      Waste-book&mdash;Deus Justificatus&mdash;Touchstone's Dial&mdash;Ring
+      Dials&mdash;Cockade&mdash;Rudbeck's Atlantica, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page191">191</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous:</span>&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page198">198</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page199">199</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page199">199</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page200">200</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>ON TWO PASSAGES IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS
+WELL."</h3>
+
+  <p>Among the few passages in Shakspeare upon which little light has been
+  thrown, after all that has been written about them, are the following in
+  Act. IV. Sc. 2. of <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i>, where Bertram is
+  persuading Diana to yield to his desires:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>Bert.</i> I pr'ythee, do not strive against my vows:</p>
+      <p class="i1">I was compell'd to her; but I love thee</p>
+      <p class="i1">By love's own sweet constraint, and will for ever</p>
+      <p class="i1">Do thee all rights of service.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Dia.</i> Ay, so you serve us,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Till we serve you: but when you have our roses,</p>
+      <p class="i1">You barely leave our thorns to prick ourselves,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And mock us with our bareness.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Bert.</i> How have I sworn?</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Dia.</i> 'Tis not the many oaths that make the truth;</p>
+      <p class="i1">But the plain single vow, that is vow'd true.</p>
+      <p class="i1">What is not holy, that we swear not by,</p>
+      <p class="i1">But take the Highest to witness: Then, pray you, tell me,</p>
+      <p class="i1">If I should swear by Jove's great attributes,</p>
+      <p class="i1">I love'd you dearly, would you believe my oaths,</p>
+      <p class="i1">When I did love you ill? this has no holding,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To swear by him <i>whom I protest to love</i>,</p>
+      <p class="i1">That I will work against him."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Read&mdash;"<i>when</i> I protest to <i>Love</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>It is evident that Diana refers to Bertram's double vows, his marriage
+  vow, and the subsequent vow or <i>protest</i> he had made not to keep it.
+  "If I should swear by Jove I loved you dearly, would you believe my oath
+  when I loved you ill? This has no consistency, to swear by <i>Jove</i>,
+  when secretly I protest to <i>Love</i> that I will work against him
+  (<i>i.e.</i> against the oath I have taken to Jove)."</p>
+
+  <p>Bertram had <i>sworn by the Highest</i> to love his wife; in his
+  letter to his mother he says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the <i>not</i>
+  eternal:"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>he secretly <i>protests to Love</i> to work against his sacred oath;
+  and in his following speech he says:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Be not so cruel-holy, Love is holy."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>He had before said:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"&mdash;&mdash;do not strive against my vows:</p>
+      <p>I was compell'd to her; but I love thee</p>
+      <p>By Love's own sweet constraint:"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>clearly indicating that this must be the true sense of the passage. By
+  printing <i>when</i> for <i>whom</i>, and <i>Love</i> with a capital
+  letter, to indicate the personification, all is made clear. <!-- Page 178
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page178"></a>{178}</span></p>
+
+  <p>After further argument from Bertram, Diana answers:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I see that men <i>make ropes in such a scarre</i></p>
+      <p>That we'll forsake ourselves."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>This Rowe altered to "make <i>hopes</i> in such <i>affairs</i>," and
+  Malone to "make <i>hopes</i> in such <i>a scene</i>." Others, and among
+  them Mr. Knight and Mr. Collier, retain the old reading, and vainly
+  endeavour to give it a meaning, understanding the word <i>scarre</i> to
+  signify a <i>rock</i> or <i>cliff</i>, with which it has nothing to do in
+  this passage. There can be no doubt that "make <i>ropes</i>" is a
+  misprint for "make <i>hopes</i>," which is evidently required by the
+  context, "that we'll forsake ourselves." It then only remains to show
+  what is meant by <i>a scarre</i>, which signifies here <i>anything that
+  causes surprise or alarm</i>; what we should now write <i>a scare</i>.
+  Shakspeare has used the same orthography, <i>scarr'd</i>, i.e.
+  <i>scared</i>, in <i>Coriolanus</i> and in <i>Winter's Tale</i>. There is
+  also abundant evidence that this was its old orthography, indicative of
+  the broad sound the word then had, and which it still retains in the
+  north. Palsgrave has both the noun and the verb in this form:
+  "<i>Scarre</i>, to <i>scar</i> crowes, espouventail." And again, "I
+  <i>scarre</i> away or feare away, as a man doth crowes or such like; je
+  escarmouche." The French word might lead to the conclusion that <i>a
+  scarre</i> might be used for <i>a skirmish</i>. (See Cotgrave in v.
+  Escarmouche.) I once thought we should read "in such a <i>warre</i>,"
+  <i>i.e.</i> conflict.</p>
+
+  <p>In Minshen's <i>Guide to the Tongues</i>, we have:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To <span class="sc">Scarre</span>, videtur confictum ex <i>sono</i>
+  oves vel aliud quid abigentium et terrorem illis incutientium. Gall.
+  <i>Ahurir</i> ratione eadem:" vi. <i>to feare, to fright</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Objections have been made to the expression "make hopes;" but the poet
+  himself in <i>King Henry VIII.</i> has "more than I dare <i>make
+  faults</i>," and repeats the phrase in one of his sonnets: surely there
+  is nothing more singular in it than in the common French idiom, "<i>faire
+  des espérances</i>."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer.</span>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>GEORGE HERBERT AND THE CHURCH AT LEIGHTON
+BROMSWOLD.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 85.)</p>
+
+  <p>I have great pleasure in laying before your readers the following
+  particulars, which I collected on a journey to Leighton Bromswold,
+  undertaken for the purpose of satisfying the Query of E.&nbsp;H. If they will
+  turn to <i>A Priest to the Temple</i>, ch. xiii., they will find the
+  points to which, with others, my attention was more especially
+  directed.</p>
+
+  <p>Leighton Church consists of a western tower, nave, north and south
+  porches and transepts, and chancel. There are no aisles. As Prebendary of
+  the Prebend of Leighton Ecclesia in Lincoln Cathedral, George Herbert was
+  entitled to an estate in the parish, and it was no doubt a portion of the
+  increase of this property that he devoted to the repairing and
+  beautifying of the House of God, then "lying desolate," and unfit for the
+  celebration of divine service. Good Izaak Walton, writing evidently upon
+  hearsay information, and not of his own personal knowledge, was in error
+  if he supposed, as from his language he appears to have done, that George
+  Herbert almost rebuilt the church from the foundation, and he must be
+  held to be incorrect in describing that part of it which stood as "so
+  decayed, so <i>little</i>, and so useless." There are portions remaining
+  earlier than George Herbert's time, whose work may be readily
+  distinguished by at least four centuries; whilst at one end the porches,
+  and at the other the piscina, of Early English date, the windows, which
+  are of different styles, and the buttresses, afford sufficient proofs
+  that the existing walls are the original, and that in size the church has
+  remained unaltered for ages. As George Herbert new roofed the sacred
+  edifice throughout, we may infer this was the chief structural repair
+  necessary. He also erected the present tower, the font, put four windows
+  in the chancel, and reseated the parts then used by the congregation.</p>
+
+  <p>Except a western organ gallery erected in 1840, two pews underneath
+  it, and one elsewhere, these parts, the nave and transepts, remain, in
+  all probability, exactly as George Herbert left them. The seats are all
+  uniform, of oak, and of the good old open fashion made in the style of
+  the seventeenth century. They are so arranged, both in the nave and in
+  the transepts, that no person in service time turns his back either upon
+  the altar or upon the minister. (See "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," Vol. ii., p. 397.) The pulpit against the north, and the
+  reading-desk, with clerk's seat attached, against the south side of the
+  chancel-arch, are both of the same height, and exactly similar in every
+  respect; both have sounding-boards. The font is placed at the west end of
+  the nave, and, together with its cover, is part of George Herbert's work;
+  it stands on a single step, and a drain carries off the water, as in
+  ancient examples. The shallowness of the basin surprised me. A vestry,
+  corresponding in style to the seats, is formed by a wooden inclosure in
+  the south transept, which contains "a strong and decent chest." Until the
+  erection of the gallery, the tower was open to the nave.</p>
+
+  <p>The chancel, which is raised one step above the nave, is now partly
+  filled with high pews, but, as arranged by the pious prebendary, it is
+  believed to have contained only one low bench on either side. The
+  communion table, which is elevated by three steps above the level of the
+  chancel, is modern, as are also the rails. There is a double Early
+  English piscina in the south wall, and an ambry in the north. A plain
+  cross of the seventeenth century crowns the eastern gable of the chancel
+  externally.</p>
+
+  <p>No doubt there were originally "fit and proper <!-- Page 179 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page179"></a>{179}</span>texts of scripture
+  everywhere painted;" but, if this were so, they are now concealed by the
+  whitewash. Such are not uncommon in neighbouring churches. No "poor man's
+  box conveniently seated" remains, but there are indications of its having
+  been fixed to the back of the bench nearest to the south door.</p>
+
+  <p>The roof is open to the tiles, being, like the seats, Gothic in design
+  and of seventeenth century execution. The same may be said of the tower,
+  which is battlemented, and finished off with pinnacles surmounted by
+  balls, and has a somewhat heavy appearance. But it is solid and
+  substantial, and it is evident that no expense was spared to make
+  it&mdash;so far as the skill of the time could make it&mdash;worthy of
+  its purpose and of the donor. There are five bells. No. 1. has the
+  inscription:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<span class="scac">IHS NAZARENVS REX IVDEORVM FILI DEI</span></p>
+      <p><span class="scac">MISERERE MEI : GEORGE WOOLF VICAR :</span></p>
+      <p><span class="scac">I : MICHELL : C : W : W : N. 1720.</span>"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Nos. 2. 4. and 5. contain the alphabet in Lombardic capitals; but the
+  inscription and date on each of them,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<span class="scac">THOMAS NOBBIS MADE ME 1641</span>"&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>show that they are not of the antiquity which generally renders the
+  few specimens we have of alphabet bells so peculiarly interesting, but
+  probably they were copied from the bells in the more ancient tower. No.
+  3. has in Lombardic capitals the fragment&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<span class="scac">ESME: CCATHERINA,</span>"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>and is consequently of ante-Reformation date.</p>
+
+  <p>The porches are both of the Early English period, and form therefore a
+  very noticeable feature.</p>
+
+  <p>On the external walls are several highly ornamented spouts, upon some
+  of which crosses are figured, and upon one with the date "1632" I
+  discovered three crests; but as I could not accurately distinguish what
+  they were intended to represent, I will not run the risk of describing
+  them wrongly. The wivern, the crest of the Herberts, did not appear; nor,
+  so far as I could learn, does the fabric itself afford any clue to him
+  who was the principal author of its restoration.</p>
+
+  <p>The view from the tower is extensive, and, from the number of spires
+  that are visible, very pleasing: fifteen or sixteen village churches are
+  to be seen with the naked eye; and I believe that Ely Cathedral, nearly
+  thirty miles distant, may be discovered with the aid of a telescope.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun.</span>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Sacramental Wine.</i>&mdash;In a remote hamlet of Surrey I recently
+  heard the following superstition. In a very sickly family, of which the
+  children were troubled with bad fits, and the poor mother herself is
+  almost half-witted, an infant newly born seemed to be in a very weakly
+  and unnatural state. One of the gossips from the neighbouring cottages
+  coming in, with a mysterious look said, "Sure, the babby wanted
+  <i>something</i>,&mdash;a drop of the sacrament wine would do it good."
+  On surprise being expressed at such a notion, she added "Oh! they often
+  gives it." I do not find any allusion in Brand's <i>Antiquities</i> to
+  such popular credence. He mentions the superstition in Berkshire, that a
+  ring made from a piece of silver collected at the communion (especially
+  that on Easter Sunday) is a cure for convulsions and fits.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert Way.</span>
+
+  <p>"<i>Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole</i>" (Vol. iii., p.
+  132.).&mdash;Your correspondent <span class="sc">S.&nbsp;W. Singer</span> has
+  brought to my recollection a verse, which I heard some children singing
+  near Exeter, in July last, and noted down, but afterwards forgot to send
+  to you:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Snail, snail, shut out your horns;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Father and mother are dead:</p>
+      <p>Brother and sister are in the back yard,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Begging for barley bread."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. E. Frere.</span>
+
+  <p>Perhaps it would not be uninteresting to add to the records of the
+  "Snail-charm" (Vol. iii, p. 132.), that in the south of Ireland, also,
+  the same charm, with a more fanciful and less threatening burden, was
+  used amongst us children to win from its reserve the startled and
+  offended snail. We entreated thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i1hg3">"Shell a muddy, shell a muddy,</p>
+      <p class="i2">Put out your horns,</p>
+      <p class="i1">For the king's daughter is</p>
+      <p class="i2">Comings to town</p>
+      <p>With a red petticoat and a green gown!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I fear it is impossible to give a clue as to the meaning of the form
+  of invocation, or who was the royal visitor, so nationally clothed, for
+  whose sake the snail was expected to be so gracious.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. J. H.
+
+  <p><i>Nievie-nick-nack.</i>&mdash;A fire-side game, well known in
+  Scotland; described by Jamieson, Chambers, and (last, though not least)
+  John M<sup>c</sup>Taggart. The following version differs from that given
+  by them:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nievie, nievie, nick, neck,</p>
+      <p>Whilk han will thou tak?</p>
+      <p>Tak the richt, or tak the wrang,</p>
+      <p>I'll beguile thee if I can."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It is alluded to by Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's</i>, iii. 102.;
+  <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>, August, 1821, p. 37.</p>
+
+  <p>Rabelais mentions <i>à la nicnoque</i> as one of the games played by
+  Guargantua. This is rendered by Urquhart <i>Nivinivinack: Transl.</i>, p.
+  94. Jamieson (<i>Supp. to Scot. Dict.</i>, sub voce) adds:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The first part of the word seems to be from <i>Neive</i>, <!-- Page
+  180 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page180"></a>{180}</span>the fist
+  being employed in the game. Shall we view <i>nick</i> as allied to the E.
+  <i>v.</i> signifying 'to touch luckily'?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Now, there is no such seeming derivation in the first part of the
+  word. The <i>Neive</i>, though employed in the game, is not the object
+  addressed. It is held out to him who is to guess&mdash;the
+  conjuror&mdash;<i>and it is he who is addressed</i>, and under a
+  conjuring name. In short (to hazard a wide conjecture, it may be), he is
+  invoked in the person of <span class="sc">Nic Neville</span> (<i>Neivie
+  Nic</i>), a sorcerer in the days of James VI., who was burnt at St.
+  Andrew's in 1569. If I am right, a curious testimony is furnished to his
+  quondam popularity among the common people:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"From that he past to Sanctandrois, where a notable sorceres callit
+  <i>Nic Neville</i> was condamnit to the death and brynt," &amp;c.
+  &amp;c.&mdash;<i>The Historie and Life of King Jame the Sext</i>, p. 40.
+  Edin. 1825. Bannatyne Club Ed.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. D. N. N.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>RECORDS AT MALTA.</h3>
+
+  <p>Let me call <i>your</i> attention, as well as that of your readers
+  (for good may come from both), to an article in the December No. of the
+  <i>Archæological Journal</i>, 1850, entitled "Notice of Documents
+  preserved in the Record Office at Malta;" an article which I feel sure
+  ought to be more publicly known, both for the sake of the reading world
+  at large, and the high character bestowed upon the present keeper of
+  those records, M. Luigi Vella, under whose charge they have been brought
+  to a minute course of investigation. There may be found here many things
+  worthy of elucidation; many secret treasures, whether for the
+  archæologist, bibliopole, or herald, that only require your widely
+  disseminated "brochure" to bring nearer to our own homes and our own
+  firesides. It is with this view that I venture to express a hope, that a
+  <i>précis</i> of that article may not be deemed irregular; which point,
+  of course, I must leave to your good judgment and good taste to decide,
+  being a very Tyro in archæology, and no book-worm (though I really love a
+  book), so I know nothing of <i>their</i> points of etiquette. At the same
+  time I must, in justice to Mr. A. Milward (the writer of the notice, and
+  to whom I have not the honour of being known), entreat his pardon for the
+  plagiarism, if such it can be called, having only the common
+  "reciprocation of ideas" at heart; and remain as ever an humble follower
+  under Captain Cuttle's standard.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">One Corporal <span class="sc">Whip</span>.
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Précis</span> of <i>Documents preserved in Record Office, Malta</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Six volumes of Records, parchment, consisting of Charters from
+  Sovereigns and Princes, Grants of Land, and other documents connected
+  with the Order of St. John from its establishment by Pope Pascal II.,
+  whose original bull is perfect.</p>
+
+  <p>Two volumes of Papers connected with the Island of Malta before it
+  came into the possession of the Knights, from year 1397 to beginning of
+  sixteenth century.</p>
+
+  <p>A book of Privileges of the Maltese, compiled about 200 years ago.</p>
+
+  <p>Several volumes of original letters from men of note: among whom we
+  may mention, Viceroys of Sicily, Sovereigns of England. One from the
+  Pretender, dated 1725, from Rome; three from Charles II., and one from
+  his admiral, John Narbrough. Numerous Processes of Nobility, containing
+  much of value to many noble families; of these last, Mr. Vella has taken
+  the trouble of separating, all those referring to any English
+  families.</p>
+
+  <p>Also a volume of fifteenth century, containing the accounts of the
+  commanderies. This is a continuation of an older and still more
+  interesting volume, which is now in the Public Library.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>For further particulars, see <i>Archælogical Journal</i>, December,
+  1850, p. 369.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>ON AN ANCIENT MS. OF "BEDÆ HISTORIA
+ECCLESIASTICA."</h3>
+
+  <p>Some gentleman connected with the cathedral library of Lincoln may
+  possibly be able to give me some information respecting a MS. copy of the
+  <i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> of Beda in my possession, and of which the
+  following circumstances are therein apparent:&mdash;It is plainly a MS.
+  of great antiquity, on paper, and in folio. On a fly-leaf it has an
+  inscription, apparently of contemporaneous date, and which is repeated in
+  a more modern hand on the next page with additions, as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Hunc librum legavit Will<span class="over">m</span>s Dadyngton
+  qu<sup>o</sup>dam Vicarius de Barton sup humbre ecclie Lincoln ut
+  e&#x113;t sub custodia Vicecancellarii."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Then follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Script&#x16B; p manus Nic&#x14D;i Belytt Vicecancellarii
+  iiii<sup>to</sup> die m&#x113;sis Octob<sup>r</sup> Anno Dni
+  milles&#x12B;mo q&#x16B;icentessimo decimoqu&#x12B;to et Lr&#x101;
+  dñicalius G et Anno pp henrici octavi sexto."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In the hand of John, father of the more celebrated Ralph Thoresby, is
+  added:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nunc e Libris Jo&#x127;is Thoresby de Leedes emp.
+  Executor<sup>bus</sup> Tho. Dñi Fairfax, 1673."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Through what hands it may have passed since, I have no means of
+  knowing; but it came into mine from Mr. J. Wilson, 19. Great May's
+  Buildings, St. Martin's Lane, London, in whose Catalogue for December,
+  1831, it appeared, and was purchased by me for 3<i>l.</i> 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>There it is conjectured to be of the twelfth century, and from the
+  character there is no reason to doubt that antiquity. It is on paper, and
+  has been ill-used. It proceeds no farther than into lib. v. c. xii.,
+  otherwise, from the beginning complete. The different public libraries of
+  the country abound in MSS. of this book. It is probable <!-- Page 181
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page181"></a>{181}</span>that, under
+  the civil commotions in the reign of Charles I. the MS. in my possession
+  came into the hands of General Fairfax, and thence into those of John
+  Thoresby: so that no blame can possibly attach to the present, or even
+  some past, generations, of the curators of any library, whether cathedral
+  or private. It is, at all events, desirable to trace the pedigree of
+  existing MSS. of important works, where such information is
+  attainable.</p>
+
+  <p>Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to inform me what
+  became of the library of Ralph Thoresby; for into his possession, there
+  can be little doubt, it came from his father.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes.</i>&mdash;In the cabinet of
+  a lover of <i>Folk-lore</i> are two quaint and humble memorials by which
+  two "inglorious Miltons" have perpetuated their affection, each in
+  characteristic sort. The one was a potter; the other, probably, a
+  shepherd. The "pignus amoris" of the former is a small earthenware vessel
+  in the shape of a book, intended apparently to hold a "nosegay" of
+  flowers. The book has yellow clasps, and is authentically inscribed on
+  its sides, thus:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The. Love. Is. True.</p>
+      <p>That. I. owe. You.</p>
+      <p>Then. se. you. Bee.</p>
+      <p>The. Like. To. Mee.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(<i>On the other side.</i>)</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The. Gift. Is. Small.</p>
+      <p>Good. will. Is. all.</p>
+      <p>Jeneuery. y<sup>e</sup> 12 day.</p>
+      <p class="i3">1688."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The shepherd's love gift is a wooden implement, very neatly carved,
+  and intended to hold knitting-needles. On the front it has this
+  couplet:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="scac">"WHEN THIS YOV SEE.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="scac">REMEMBER MEE. MW.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2">(<i>On one side.</i>)</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><span class="scac">MW.</span> 1673."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>To an uninformed mind these sincere records of honest men seem as much
+  "signs of the times" as the perfumed sonnets dropped by expiring swains
+  into the vases of "my lady Betty," and "my lady Bab," with a view to
+  publication.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. G. T.
+
+  <p><i>Writing-paper.</i>&mdash;I have long been subject to what, in my
+  case, I feel to be a serious annoyance. For the last twenty years I have
+  been unable to purchase any letter-paper which I can write upon with
+  comfort and satisfaction. At first, I was allowed to choose between plain
+  and hot-pressed; but now I find it impossible to meet with any, which is
+  not glazed or smeared over with some greasy coating, which renders it
+  very disagreeable for use with a common quill&mdash;and I cannot endure a
+  steel pen. My style of writing, which is a strong round Roman hand, is
+  only suited for a quill.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your correspondents put me in the way of procuring the good
+  honest letter-paper which I want? I have in vain applied to the
+  stationers in every town within my reach. Would any of the paper-mills be
+  disposed to furnish me with a ream or two of the unglazed, plain, and
+  unhotpressed paper which I am anxious to obtain?</p>
+
+  <p>Whilst I am on this subject, I will take occasion to lament the very
+  great inferiority of the paper generally which is employed in printing
+  books. It may have a fine, glossy, smooth appearance, but its texture is
+  so poor and flimsy, that it soon frays or breaks, without the greatest
+  care; and many an immortal work is committed to a miserably frail and
+  perishable material!</p>
+
+  <p>A comparison of the books which were printed a century ago, with those
+  of the present day, will, I conceive, fully establish the complaint which
+  I venture to make; and I would particularly remark upon the large Bibles
+  and Prayer Books which are now printed at the Universities for the use of
+  our churches and chapels, which are exposed to much wear and tear, and
+  ought, therefore, to be of more substantial and enduring texture, but are
+  of so flimsy, brittle, and cottony a manufacture, that they require
+  renewing every three or four years.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">"Laudator temporis acti."</span>
+
+  <p><i>Little Casterton (Rutland) Church.</i>&mdash;Within the communion
+  rails in the church of Little Casterton, Rutland, there lies in the
+  pavement (or did lately) a stone, hollowed out like the basin or drain of
+  a piscina, which some church-hunters have supposed to be a piscina, and
+  have noticed as a great singularity. The stone, however, did not
+  originally belong to this church; it was brought from the neighbouring
+  site of the desecrated church of Pickworth, by the late Reverend Richard
+  Twopeny, who held the rectory of Little Casterton upwards of sixty years;
+  he had long seen it lying neglected among the ruins, and at length
+  brought it to his own church to save it from destruction.</p>
+
+  <p>It may be interesting to some of your readers to learn that in the
+  chancel of Little Casterton are monumental brasses of an armed male and a
+  female figure, the latter on the sinister side, with the following
+  inscription in black letter:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Hic jacet D<span class="over">n</span>s Thomas Burto<span
+  class="over">n</span> miles quondam d&#x16B;s de Tolthorp ac ecclesiæ....
+  patronus qui obiit kalendas Augusti.... d<span class="over">n</span>a
+  Margeria uxor ejus sinistris quor<a href="images/70_011.png"><img
+  src="images/70_011.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="um"
+  /></a>, a&#x12B;abus ppicietur deus amen."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">R. C. H.
+
+  <p><i>The Hippopotamus</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 35. 277.).&mdash;I can refer
+  your correspondent L. (Vol. ii, p. 35.) to one more example of a Greek
+  writer using the word <span title="hippopotamos" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F31;&pi;&pi;&omicron;&pi;&#x1F79;&tau;&alpha;&mu;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>,
+  viz., the Hieroglyphics of Horapollo Nilous, lib. i. 56. (I quote from
+  the edition by A.&nbsp;T. Cory. Pickering, 1840): <!-- Page 182 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page182"></a>{182}</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span title="Adikon de kai achariston, hippopotamou onuchas duo, katô blepontas, graphousin" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F0C;&delta;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&nu; &delta;&#x1F72;
+  &kappa;&alpha;&#x1F76;
+  &#x1F00;&chi;&#x1F71;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&nu;,
+  &#x1F31;&pi;&pi;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&tau;&#x1F71;&mu;&omicron;&upsilon;
+  &#x1F44;&nu;&upsilon;&chi;&alpha;&sigmaf; &delta;&#x1F7B;&omicron;,
+  &kappa;&#x1F71;&tau;&omega;
+  &beta;&lambda;&#x1F73;&pi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;,
+  &gamma;&rho;&#x1F71;&phi;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;&nu;</span>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>He there mentions the idea of the animal contending against his
+  father, &amp;c.; and as he flourished in the beginning of the fifth
+  century, it is probable that he is the source from which Damascius took
+  the story.</p>
+
+  <p>I have in my cabinet a large brass coin of the Empress Ptacilia
+  Severa, wife of Philip, on which is depicted the Hippopotamus, with the
+  legend <span class="scac">SAECVLARES. AVGG.</span>, showing it to have
+  been exhibited at the sæcular games.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Specimens of Foreign English.</i>&mdash;Several ludicrous examples
+  have of late been communicated (see Vol. ii., pp. 57. 138.), but none,
+  perhaps, comparable with the following, which I copied about two years
+  since at Havre, from a Polyglot advertisement of various Local
+  Regulations, for the convenience of persons visiting that favourite
+  watering-place. Amongst these it was stated that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><i>"Un arrangement peut se faire avec le pilote, pour de promenades à
+  rames."</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Of this the following most literal version was enounced,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"One arrangement can make himself with the pilot for the walking with
+  <i>roars</i>" (sic).</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert Way.</span>
+
+  <p><i>St. Clare.</i>&mdash;In the interesting and amusing volume of
+  <i>Rambles beyond Railways</i>, M.&nbsp;W. Wilkie Collins has attributed the
+  church of St. Cleer in Cornwall, with its Well and ruined Oratory, to St.
+  Clare, the heroic Virgin of Assisi; but in the elegant and useful
+  <i>Calendar of the Anglican Church</i>, the same church is ascribed to
+  St. Clair, the Martyr of Rouen. My own impression is, that the latter is
+  correct; but I note the circumstance, that some of your readers better
+  informed than myself, may be enabled to answer the Query, which is the
+  right ascription? When Mr. Collins alluded to the fate of Bishop Hippo,
+  devoured by rats, I presume he means Bishop Hatto, commemorated in the
+  "Legends of the Rhine."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Beriah Botfield.</span>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Norton Hall, Feb. 14. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Dr. Dodd.</i>&mdash;On the 13th February, 1775, Dr. Dodd was
+  inducted to the vicarage of Wing, Bucks, on the presentation of the Earl
+  of Chesterfield. On the 8th February, 1777, he was arrested for forging
+  the Earl's bond. Dr. Dodd never resided at Wing; but, during the short
+  period he held the living, he preached there four times. The tradition of
+  the parish is, that on those occasions he preached from the following
+  texts; all of them remarkable, and the second and fourth especially so
+  with reference to the subsequent fate of the unhappy man, whose feelings
+  they may reasonably be supposed to embody.</p>
+
+  <p>The texts are as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>1 <i>Corinthians</i> xvi. 22. "If any man love not the Lord Jesus
+  Christ, let him be Anathema Maran-atha."</p>
+
+  <p><i>Micah</i> vii. 8. "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; when I
+  fall, I shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the Lord shall be a light
+  unto me."</p>
+
+  <p><i>Psalm</i> cxxxix. 1, 2. "O Lord, thou hast searched me and known
+  me. Thou knowest my down-sitting and mine up-rising, thou understandest
+  my thought afar off."</p>
+
+  <p><i>Deuteronomy</i> xxviii. 65, 66, 67. "And among these nations thou
+  shalt find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest; but the
+  Lord shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and
+  sorrow of mind: and thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou
+  shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: In
+  the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou
+  shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart
+  wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou
+  shalt see."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">Q. D.
+
+  <p><i>Hats of Cardinals and Notaries Apostolic</i> (Vol. iii. p.
+  169.).&mdash;An instance occurs in a MS. in this college (L. 10. p. 60.)
+  circa temp. Hen. VIII., of the arms of "Doctor Willm. Haryngton,
+  prothonotaire apostolik," ensigned with a black hat, having three tassels
+  pendant on each side: these appendages, however, are somewhat different
+  to those attached to the Cardinal's hat, the cords or strings not being
+  <i>fretty</i>. I have seen somewhere a series of arms having the same
+  insignia; but, at present, I cannot say where.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos Wm. King, York Herald.</span>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>College of Arms, Feb. 17. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Baron Munchausen's Frozen Horn.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Till the Holy Ghost came to thaw their memories, that the words of
+  Christ, like the voice in Plutarch that had become frozen, might at
+  length become audible."&mdash;Hammond's <i>Sermons</i>, xvii.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>These were first published in 1648.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H.
+
+  <p><i>Contracted Names of Places.</i>&mdash;Kirton for Crediton, Devon;
+  Wilscombe for Wiveliscombe, Somersetshire; Brighton for Brighthelmstone,
+  Sussex; Pomfret for Pontefract, Yorkshire; Gloster for Gloucester.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. W. H.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> Vol. iii., p. 139.)</p>
+
+  <p>(43.) Is there any valid reason for not dating the publication of some
+  of Gerson's treatises at Cologne earlier than the year 1470? and if good
+  cause cannot be shown for withholding from them so high a rank in the
+  scale of typographic being, must we not instantly reject every effort to
+  extenuate Marchand's obtuseness in asserting with reference to Ulric
+  Zell, "On ne voit des éditions de ce Zell qu'en 1494?" (<i>Hist. de
+  l'Imp.</i>, p. 56.) <!-- Page 183 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page183"></a>{183}</span>Schelhorn's opinion as to the birthright
+  of these tracts is sufficient to awaken an interest concerning them, for
+  he conceived that they should be classed among the earliest works
+  executed with cut moveable characters. (<i>Diat. ad Card. Quirini
+  lib.</i>, p. 25. Cf. Seemiller, i. 105.) So far as I can judge, an
+  adequate measure of seniority has not been generally assigned to these
+  Zellian specimens of printing, if it be granted "Coloniam Agrippinam post
+  Moguntinenses primùm recepisse artem." (Meerman, ii. 106.) This writer's
+  representation, in his ninth plate, of the type used in 1467, supplies us
+  with ground for a complete conviction that these undated Gersonian
+  manuals are at least as old as the <i>Augustinus de singularitate
+  clericorum</i>. But why are they not older? Is there any document which
+  has a stronger conjectural claim? Van de Velde's <i>Catalogue</i>, tome
+  i. Gand, 1831, contains notices of some of them; and one volume before me
+  has the first initial letter principally in blue and gold, the rest in
+  red, and all elaborated with a pen. The most unevenly printed, and
+  therefore, I suppose, the primitial gem, is the <i>Tractatus de
+  mendicitate spirituali</i>, in which not only rubiform capitals, but
+  whole words, have been inserted by a chirographer. It is, says Van de
+  Velde, (the former possessor,) on the fly-leaf, "sans chiffres et
+  réclames, en longues lignes de 27 lignes sur les pages entières." The
+  full stop employed is a sort of twofold, recumbent, circumflex or caret;
+  and the most eminent watermark in the paper is a Unicorn, bearing a much
+  more suitable antelopian weapon than is that awkwardly horizontal horn
+  prefixed by Dr. Dibdin to the Oryx in profile which he has depicted in
+  plate vi. appertaining to his life of Caxton: <i>Typographical
+  Antiquities</i>, vol. i.</p>
+
+  <p>(44.) Wherein do the ordinary <i>Hymni et Sequentiæ</i> differ from
+  those according to the use of Sarum? Whose is the oldest <i>Expositio</i>
+  commonly attached to both? and respecting it did Badius, in 1502,
+  accomplish much beyond a revision and an amendment of the style? Was not
+  Pynson, in 1497, the printer of the folio edition of the Hymns and
+  Sequences entered in Mr. Dickinson's valuable <i>List of English
+  Service-Books</i>, p. 8.; or is there inaccuracy in the succeeding line?
+  Lastly, was the titular woodcut in Julian Notary's impression, <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1504 (Dibdin, ii. 580.), derived from the
+  decoration of the <i>Hymnarius</i>, and the <i>Textus Sequentiarum cum
+  optimo commento</i>, set forth at Delft by Christian Snellaert, in 1496?
+  From the first page of the latter we receive the following accession to
+  our philological knowledge:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Diabolus dicitur a <i>dia</i>, quod est duo, et <i>bolos</i> morsus;
+  quasi dupliciter mordens; quia lædit hominem in corpore et anima."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>(45.) (1.) In what edition of the Salisbury Missal did the amusing
+  errors in the "Ordo Sponsalium" first occur; and how long were they
+  continued? I allude to the husband's obligation, "to haue and to holde
+  fro thys day <i>wafor beter</i> for wurs," &amp;c., and to the wife's
+  prudential promise, "to haue et to holde <i>for thys day</i>." (2.) Are
+  there any vellum leaves in any copy in England of the folio impression
+  very beautifully printed <i>en rouge et noir</i> "in alma Parisiorum
+  academia," die x. Kal. April, 1510?</p>
+
+  <p>(46.) On the 11th of last month (Jan.) somebody advertised in "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" for <i>Foxes and Firebrands</i>. In
+  these days of trouble and rebuke, when (if we may judge from a recent
+  article savouring of Neal's second volume) it seems to be expected that
+  English gentlemen will, in a Magazine that bears their name, be pleased
+  with a réchauffé of democratic obloquy upon the character of the great
+  reformer of their church, and will look with favour upon <i>Canterburies
+  Doome</i>, would it not be desirable that Robert Ware's (and Nalson's)
+  curious and important work should be republished? If a reprint of it were
+  to be undertaken, I would direct attention to a copy in my possession of
+  "The Third and Last Part," Lond. 1689, which has many alterations marked
+  in MS. for a new edition, and which exhibits the autograph of Henry
+  Ware.</p>
+
+  <p>(47.) Was <span class="sc">Cohausen</span> the composer of "Clericus
+  Deperrucatus; sive, in fictitiis Clericorum Comis moderni seculi ostensa
+  et explosa Vanitas: Cum Figuris: Autore <span class="sc">Ann&oelig;o
+  Rhisenno Vecchio</span>, Doctore Romano-Catholico," printed at Amsterdam,
+  and inscribed to Pope Benedict XIII.? One of the well-finished
+  copperplates, page 12., represents "<i>Monsieur l'Abbé prenant du
+  Tabac</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>(48.) Where can a copy of the earliest edition of the <i>Testamentum
+  XII. Patriarcharum</i> be found? for if one had been easily obtainable,
+  Grabe, Cave, Oudin, and Wharton (<i>Ang. Sac.</i> ii. 345.) would not
+  have treated the third impression as the first; and let it be noted by
+  the way that "Clerico <i>Elichero</i>" in Wharton must be a mistake for
+  "Clerico <i>Nicolao</i>." Moreover, how did the excellent Fabricius
+  (<i>Bibl. med. et inf. Latin.</i>, and also <i>Cod. Pseudepig. V.&nbsp;T.</i>,
+  i. 758.) happen to connect Menradus Moltherus with the <i>editio
+  princeps</i> of 1483? It is certain that this writer's letter to
+  Secerius, accompanying a transcript of Bishop Grossetête's version, which
+  immediately came forth at Haguenau, was concluded "postridie Non. Januar.
+  <span class="scac">M.D.XXXII.</span>"</p>
+
+  <p>(49.) (1.) Who was the bibliopolist with whom originated the
+  pernicious scheme of adapting newly printed title-pages to books which
+  had had a previous existence? Sometimes the deception may be discerned
+  even at a glance: for example, without the loss of many seconds, and by
+  the aspect of a single letter, (the long s,) we can perceive the
+  falsehood of the imprint, "Parisiis, apud Paul Mellier, 1842," together
+  with "S.-Clodoaldi, è typographeo Belin-Mandar," grafted upon tome i.
+  <!-- Page 184 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page184"></a>{184}</span>of the Benedictine edition of S. Gregory
+  Nazianzen's works, which had been actually issued in 1778. Very
+  frequently, however, the comparison of professedly different impressions
+  requires, before they can be safely pronounced to be identical, the
+  protracted scrutiny of a practised eye. An inattentive observer could not
+  be conscious that the works of Sir James Ware, translated and improved by
+  Harris, and apparently the progeny of the year 1764, (the only edition,
+  and that but a spurious one, recorded in Watt's <i>Bibliotheca
+  Britannica</i>,) have been skilfully tampered with, and should be justly
+  restored&mdash;the first volume to 1739, the second to 1745.</p>
+
+  <p>(2.) We must admit that a bookseller gifted with mature sapience will
+  very rarely, or never, be such an amateur in expensive methods of
+  bamboozling, as to prefer having recourse to the title-page expedient, if
+  he could flatter himself that his purpose would be likely to be effected
+  simply by <i>doctoring the date</i>; and thus a question springs up, akin
+  to the former one, How great is the antiquity of this timeserving device?
+  At this moment, trusting only to memory, I am not able to adduce an
+  instance of the depravation anterior to the year 1606, when Dr. James's
+  <i>Bellum Papale</i> was put forth in London as a new book, though in
+  reality there was no novelty connected with it, except that the last 0 in
+  1600 (the authentic date) had been compelled by penmanship to cease to be
+  a dead letter, and to germinate into a 6.</p>
+
+  <p>(3.) If neither the judicious naturalisation of a title-page, nor the
+  dexterous corruption of the year in which a work was honestly produced,
+  should avail to eliminate "the stock in hand," <i>res ad Triarios
+  rediit</i>&mdash;there is but one contrivance left. This is, to give to
+  the ill-fated hoard <i>another name</i>; in the hope that a proverb
+  properly belonging to a rose may be superabundantly verified in the case
+  of an old book. What Anglo-Saxon scholar has not studied "<i>Divers
+  Ancient Monuments</i>," revived in 1638? and yet perhaps scarcely any one
+  is aware that the appellation is entirely deceptive, and that no such
+  collection was printed at that period. The inestimable remains of Ælfric,
+  edited by L'Isle in 1623, and then entitled, "<i>A Saxon Treatise
+  concerning the Old and New Testament</i>," together with a reprint of the
+  "<i>Testimonie of Antiquitie</i>," (sanctioned by Archbishop Parker in
+  1567,) had merely submitted to substitutes for the first two leaves with
+  which they had been ushered into the world, and after fifteen years the
+  unsuspecting public were beguiled. When was this system of misnomers
+  introduced? and can a more signal specimen of this kind of shamelessness
+  be mentioned than that which is afforded by the fate of Thorndike's <i>De
+  ratione ac jure finiendi Controversias Ecclesiæ Disputatio</i>? So this
+  small folio in fours was designated when it was published, Lond. 1670;
+  but in 1674 it became <i>Origines</i> <i>Ecclesiasticæ</i>; and it was
+  metamorphosed into <i>Restauratio Ecclesiæ</i> in 1677.</p>
+
+  <p>(50.) Dr. Dibdin (<i>Typ. Antiq.</i> iii. 350.) has thus spoken of a
+  quarto treatise, <i>De autoritate, officio, et potestate Pastorum
+  ecclesiasticorum</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This very scarce book is anonymous, and has neither date, printer's
+  name, nor place; but being bound up with two other tracts of Berthelet's
+  printing <i>are my reasons</i> for giving it a place here."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The argument and the language in this sentence are pretty nearly on a
+  par; for as misery makes men acquainted with dissimilar companions, why
+  may not parsimony conglutinate heterogeneous compositions? I venture to
+  deny altogether that the engraved border on the title-page was executed
+  by an English artist. It seems rather to be an original imitation of
+  Holbein's design: and as regards the date, can we not perceive what was
+  meant for a modest "1530" on a standard borne by one of the boys in
+  procession? In Simler's Gesnerian <i>Bibliotheca</i> <span
+  class="sc">Simon Hess</span> (let me reiterate the question, Who was he?)
+  is registered as the author; and of his work we read, "Liber impressus in
+  Germania." This observation will determine its locality to a certain
+  extent; and the tractate may be instantly distinguished from all others
+  on the same subject by the presence of the following alliterative
+  frontispiece:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Primus Papa, potens Pastor, pietate paterna,</p>
+      <p>Petrus, perfectam plebem pascendo paravit.</p>
+      <p>Posthabito plures populo, privata petentes,</p>
+      <p>Pinguia Pontifices, perdunt proh pascua plebis."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">R. G.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH.</h3>
+
+  <p>In the church of Middleton Tyas, in the North Riding of the county,
+  there is the following extraordinary inscription on the monument of a
+  learned incumbent of that parish:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This Monument rescues from oblivion the Remains of the Rev. John
+  Mawer, D.D., late Vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18th, 1763, aged
+  60. The doctor was descended from the royal family of Mawer, and was
+  inferior to none of his illustrious ancestors in personal merit, being
+  the greatest linguist this nation ever produced. He was able to write and
+  speak twenty-two languages, and particularly excelled in the Eastern
+  tongues, in which he proposed to his Royal Highness Frederick Prince of
+  Wales, to whom he was firmly attached, to propagate the Christian
+  religion in the Abyssinian empire,&mdash;a great and noble design, which
+  was frustrated by the death of that amiable prince."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Whitaker, after giving the epitaph verbatim in his <i>History of
+  Richmondshire</i>, vol. i. p. 234., says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This extraordinary personage, who may seem to have been qualified for
+  the office of universal interpreter to all the nations upon earth,
+  appears, <!-- Page 185 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page185"></a>{185}</span>notwithstanding, to have been unaware that
+  the Christian religion, in however degraded a form, has long been
+  professed in Abyssinia. With respect to the royal line of Mawer I was
+  long distressed, till, by great good fortune, I discovered that it was no
+  other than that of old King Coyl."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>As I happen to feel an interest in the subject which disinclines me to
+  rest satisfied with the foregoing hasty&mdash;not to say flippant
+  explanation of the learned historian, I am anxious to inquire whether or
+  not any reader of the "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" can
+  throw light on the history, and especially the genealogy, of this worthy
+  and amiable divine? While I have reason to believe that Dr. Mawer was
+  about the last person in the world to have composed the foregoing eulogy
+  on his own character, I cannot believe that the allusion to illustrious
+  ancestors "is merely a joke," as Whitaker seems to imply; while it is
+  quite certain that there is nothing in the inscription to justify the
+  inference that the deceased had been "unaware that the Christian
+  religion" had "long been professed in Abyssinia:" indeed, an inference
+  quite the reverse would be quite as legitimate.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Rotherfield, Feb. 23. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S "MERCHANT OF VENICE"</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Act IV. Sc. 1.).</p>
+
+  <p>In the lines&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The quality of Mercy is not strained,</p>
+      <p>It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven,</p>
+      <p>Upon the place beneath."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>What is the meaning of the word "strained?" The verb <i>to strain</i>
+  is susceptible of two essentially different interpretations; and the
+  question is as to which of the two is here intended? On referring to
+  Johnson's Dictionary, we find, amongst other synonymous terms, <i>To
+  squeeze through something; to purify by filtration; to weaken by too much
+  violence; to push to its utmost strength</i>. Now, if we substitute
+  either of the two latter meanings, we shall have an assertion that "Mercy
+  is not weakened by too much violence (or put to its utmost strength), but
+  droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven," &amp;c., where it would
+  require a most discerning editor to explain the connexion between the two
+  clauses. If, on the other hand, we take the first two meanings, the
+  passage is capable of being understood, if nothing else. Beginning with
+  <i>to squeeze through something</i>; what would present itself to our
+  ideas would be, that "Mercy does not fall in one continuous stream (as
+  would be the case, if <i>strained</i>) on one particular portion of the
+  earth, but expands into a large and universal shower, so as to spread its
+  influence over the entire globe." This, however, though not absurd, is, I
+  fear, rather forced.</p>
+
+  <p>To come to the second explanation of <i>to purify</i>, which in my
+  opinion is the most apt, I take it that Shakspeare intended to say, that
+  "Mercy is so pure and undefiled as to require no cleansing, but falls as
+  gently and unsullied as the showers from heaven, ere soiled by the
+  impurities of earth."</p>
+
+  <p>With these few remarks, I shall leave the matter in the hands of those
+  whose researches into the English language may have been deeper than my
+  own, with a hope that they may possess time and inclination to promote
+  the elucidation of a difficulty in one of the most beautiful passages of
+  our great national bard; a difficulty, by the way, which seems to have
+  escaped the notice of all the editors and commentators.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L. S.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Was Lord Howard of Effingham, who commanded in chief against the
+  Spanish Armada, a Protestant or a Papist?</i>&mdash;On the one hand, it
+  is highly improbable that Queen Elizabeth should employ a popish
+  commander against the Spaniards.</p>
+
+  <p>1. The silence of Dr. Lingard and other historians is also negatively
+  in favour of his being a Protestant.</p>
+
+  <p>But, on the other hand, it has been repeatedly asserted, in both
+  houses of Parliament, that he was a Papist.</p>
+
+  <p>2. It is <i>likely</i>, because his <i>father</i> was the eldest son
+  by his second wife of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk, and was created
+  Baron Howard of Effingham by Queen Mary.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Whatever his own religion may have been, he was contemporary with
+  his cousin, Philip, Earl of Arundel, whom Camden calls the champion of
+  the Catholics, and whose <i>violence</i> was the cause of his perpetual
+  imprisonment.</p>
+
+  <p>4. The present Lord Effingham has recently declared that by blood he
+  was (had always been?) connected with the Roman Catholics.</p>
+
+  <p>Under these and <i>other</i> circumstances, it is a question to be
+  settled by <i>evidence</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. H. P.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Brighton.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Lord Bexley&mdash;how descended from Cromwell?</i>&mdash;In the
+  notice of the late Lord Bexley in <i>The Times</i>, it is stated that he
+  was <i>maternally</i> descended from Oliver Cromwell, the Protector,
+  through the family of Cromwell's son-in-law, Ireton.</p>
+
+  <p>Burke, in his <i>Peerage</i>, mentions that Henry Vansittart, father
+  of Lord Bexley, was governor of Bengal (circa 1770), and that he married
+  Amelia Morse, daughter of Nicolas Morse, governor of Madras.</p>
+
+  <p>It would therefore appear that this said Nicolas Morse was a
+  descendant of General Ireton. I wish to ascertain if this assumption be
+  correct; and, if correct, when and how the families of Morse and Ireton
+  became connected? If any of your correspondents can furnish information
+  on this <!-- Page 186 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page186"></a>{186}</span>subject, or acquaint me where I can find
+  any account or pedigree of the Morse family, I shall feel much indebted
+  to them.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Pursuivant.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Earl of Shaftesbury.</i>&mdash;I have read with great interest Lord
+  Shaftesbury's letter to Le Clerc, published in No. 67. May I ask your
+  correspondents <span class="sc">Janus Dousa</span> and Professor des
+  Amories <span class="sc">Van der Hoven</span>, whether the Remonstrants'
+  library of Amsterdam contains any papers relating to the first Earl of
+  Shaftesbury, which might have been sent by the third Earl to Le Clerc;
+  and whether any notices or traditions remain in Amsterdam of the first
+  Lord Shaftesbury's residence and death in that city? Any information
+  relative to the first Earl of Shaftesbury will greatly oblige.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">CH.
+
+  <p><i>Family of Peyton.</i>&mdash;Admiral Joseph Peyton [Post-Captain,
+  December 2, 1757&mdash;Admiral, 1787&mdash;ob. 1804] was Admiral's First
+  Captain in the fleet under Darby, at the relief of Gibraltar, 1781. He
+  was son of Commodore Edward Peyton [Post-Captain, April 4, 1740], who is
+  supposed to have gone over from England, and settled in America, and
+  there to have died. I should be very glad of further particulars of these
+  persons. Are my dates correct? How is this branch of the family (lately
+  represented by John Joseph Peyton, Esq., of Wakehurst, who married a
+  daughter of Sir East Clayton East, Bart., and died in 1844, leaving four
+  children minors) connected with the Baronets Peyton, of Iselham, or
+  Dodington? Who was the father of the above Commodore? It may aid the
+  inquiry to mention that this branch is related to the Grenfell family:
+  William Peyton, second son of the above Admiral Joseph, having married a
+  first cousin of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., M.P. for Great Marlow (who died in
+  1833).</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ache.</span>
+
+  <p>"<i>La Rose nait en un Moment.</i>"&mdash;I wish to learn the name of
+  the author of the following verses, and where they are to be found. Any
+  of your correspondents who can inform me shall receive my sincere
+  thanks:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"La Rose nait en un moment,</p>
+      <p>En un moment elle est flêtrie;</p>
+      <p>Mais ce que pour vous mon c&oelig;ur sent,</p>
+      <p>Ne finira qu'avec ma vie."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">T. H. K.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Malew, Man.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>John Collard the Logician.</i>&mdash;Could any of your
+  correspondents tell me where I could find any account of <i>John
+  Collard</i>, who wrote three treatises on Logic:&mdash;The first, under
+  the name of <i>N. Dralloc</i> (his name reversed), <i>Epitome of
+  Logic</i>, Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1795; in his own name,
+  <i>Essentials of Logic</i>, Johnson, 1796; and in 1799, the <i>Praxis of
+  Logic</i>. He is mentioned as <i>Dralloc</i> by Whately and Kirwan; but
+  nobody seems to have known him as <i>Collard</i> but Levi Hedge, the
+  American writer on that subject. I made inquiry, some forty years ago,
+  and was informed that he lived at Birmingham, was a chairmaker by
+  profession, and devoted much of his time to chemistry; that he was known
+  to and esteemed by Dr. Parr; and that he was then dead.</p>
+
+  <p>At the close of his preface to his <i>Praxis</i> he says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"And let me inform the reader also, that this work was not composed in
+  the pleasant tranquillity of retirement, but under such untoward
+  circumstances, that the mind was subject to continual interruptions and
+  vexatious distraction."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Then he adds,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have but little doubt but this <i>Praxis</i> will, at some future
+  period, find its way into the schools; and though critics should at
+  present condemn what they have either no patience or inclination to
+  examine, I feel myself happy in contemplating, that after I am mouldered
+  to dust, it may assist our reason in this most essential part."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">B. G.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Feb. 20. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan.</i>&mdash;Could any of your
+  readers tell me where I might see a copy of <i>A List of the Sheriffs of
+  County Glamorgan</i>, printed (privately?) by Rev. J.&nbsp;M. Traherne? I have
+  searched the libraries of the British Museum, the Athenæum Club, and the
+  Bodleian at Oxford, in vain.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edmond W.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Haybands in Seals.</i>&mdash;I have, in a small collection of
+  Sussex deeds, two which present the following peculiarity: they have the
+  usual slip of parchment and lump of wax pendant from the lower edge, but
+  the wax, instead of bearing an armorial figure, a merchant's mark, or any
+  other of the numerous devices formerly employed in the authentication of
+  deeds instead of one's chirograph, has neatly inserted into it a small
+  wreath composed of two or three stalks of grass (or rather hay) carefully
+  plaited, and forming a circle somewhat less in diameter than a shilling.
+  The deeds, which were executed in the time of Henry the Seventh, relate
+  to the transfer of small landed properties. I have no doubt that this
+  diminutive <i>hayband</i> was the distinctive mark of a grazier or
+  husbandman who did not consider his social status sufficient to warrant
+  the use of a more regular device by way of seal. I have seen a few others
+  connected with the same county, and, if I recollect rightly, of a
+  somewhat earlier date. I shall be glad to ascertain whether this curious
+  practice was in use in other parts of England.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">M. A. Lower.</span>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Lewes.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Edmund Prideaux, and the First Post-office.</i>&mdash;Polwhele, in
+  his <i>History of Cornwall</i>, says, p. 139.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To our countryman Edmund Prideaux we owe the regular establishment of
+  the Post-office."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><!-- Page 187 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page187"></a>{187}</span></p>
+
+  <p>He says again, p. 144.:</p>
+
+  <p>"Edmund Prideaux, Attorney-General to Oliver Cromwell, and
+  <i>Inventor</i> of the Post-office."</p>
+
+  <p>Now the Edmund spoken of as Attorney-General, was of Ford Abbey, in
+  Devonshire, and second son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton, in the
+  said county, therefore could not be one of the Cornish branch.</p>
+
+  <p>Query No. 1. Who was the Edmund Prideaux, his countryman, that
+  regularly established the Post-office?</p>
+
+  <p>Query No. 2. How were letters circulated before his time?</p>
+
+  <p>Query No. 3. Was Edmund Prideaux the Attorney-General, the inventor of
+  the Post-office, as he states; if not, who was?</p>
+
+  <p>Query No. 4. Has any life of Edmund Prideaux as Attorney-General been
+  published, or is any account of him to be found in any work?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. P. P.
+
+  <p><i>William Tell Legend.</i>&mdash;Could any of your readers tell me
+  the true origin of the William Tell apple story? I find the same story
+  told of&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>(1.) Egil, the father of the famous smith Wayland, who was instructed
+  in the art of forging metals by two dwarfs of the mountain of Kallova.
+  (Depping, <i>Mém. de la Société des Antiquaires de France</i>, tom. v.
+  pp. 223. 229.)</p>
+
+  <p>(2.) Saxo Grammaticus, who wrote nearly a century before Tell, tells
+  nearly the same story of one Toko, who killed Harold.</p>
+
+  <p>(3.) "There was a souldier called Pumher, who, daily through
+  witchcraft, killed three of his enemies. This was he who shot at a pennie
+  on his son's head, and made ready another arrow to have slain the Duke
+  Remgrave (? Rheingraf), who commanded it." (Reginald Scot, 1584.)</p>
+
+  <p>(4.) And Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudeslie.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. H. R.
+
+  <p><i>Arms of Cottons buried in Landwade Church, &amp;c.</i> (Vol. iii.,
+  p. 39.).&mdash;Will <span class="sc">Jonathan Oldbuck, Jun.</span>,
+  oblige me by describing the family coat-armour borne by the Cottons
+  mentioned in his Note? It may facilitate his inquiry, in which, by the
+  way, I am much interested.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. W. C.
+
+  <p><i>Sir George Buc's Treatise on the Stage.</i>&mdash;What has become
+  of this MS.? Sir George Buc mentions it in <i>The Third University of
+  England</i>, appended to Stowe's <i>Annals</i>, ed. 1631, p.
+  1082.&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Of this art [the dramatic] have written largely <i>Petrus
+  Victorius</i>, &amp;c.&mdash;as it were in vaine for me to say anything
+  of the art; besides, that <i>I have written thereof a particular
+  treatise</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>If this manuscript could be discovered, it would doubtless throw
+  considerable light upon the Elizabethan drama.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span>
+
+  <p><i>A Cracowe Pike</i> (Vol. iii., p. 118.).&mdash;Since I sent you the
+  Query respecting a <i>Cracowe Pike</i>, I have found that I was wrong in
+  supposing it to be a weapon or spear: for <i>Cracowe Pikes</i> was the
+  name given to the preposterous "piked shoes," which were fashionable in
+  the reign of Richard II., and which were so long in the toes that it was
+  necessary to tie them with chains to the knee, in order to render it
+  possible for the wearer to walk. Stowe, in his <i>Chronicle</i>, tells us
+  that this extravagant fashion was brought in by Anne of Bohemia, Queen of
+  Richard II. But why were they called <i>Cracowe</i> pikes?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. H. T.
+
+  <p><i>St. Thomas of Trunnions.</i>&mdash;Who was this saint, and why is
+  he frequently mentioned in connexion with onions?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nay softe, my maisters, by <i>Saincte Thomas of Trunions</i>,</p>
+      <p>I am not disposed to buy of your <i>onions</i>."</p>
+      <p class="i8"><i>Apius and Virginia</i>, 1575.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And you that delight in trulls and minions,</p>
+      <p>Come buy my four ropes of hard <i>S. Thomas's onions</i>."</p>
+      <p class="i8"><i>The Hog hath lost his Pearl</i>, 1614.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Buy my rope of onions&mdash;white <i>St. Thomas's onions</i>," was
+  one of the cries of London in the seventeenth century.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Paper-mill near Stevenage</i> (Vol. ii., p. 473.).&mdash;In your
+  number for December 14, 1850, one of your correspondents, referring to
+  Bartholomeus <i>de Prop. Rerum</i>, mentions a paper-mill near Stevenage,
+  in the county of Hertford, as being probably the earliest, or one of the
+  earliest, established in England. I should feel much obliged if your
+  correspondent, through the medium of your pages, would favour me with any
+  further particulars on this subject; especially as to the site of this
+  mill, there being no stream within some miles of Stevenage capable of
+  turning a mill. I have been unable to find any account of this mill in
+  either of the county histories.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hertfordiensis.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Mounds, Munts, Mounts.</i>&mdash;In the parish register of
+  Maresfield in Sussex, there is an entry recording the surrender of a
+  house and three acres of land, called the "Mounds," in 1574, to the use
+  of the parish; and in the churchwardens' accounts at Rye, about the same
+  time, it is stated that the church of Rye was entitled to a rent from
+  certain lands called "Mounts." In Jevington, too, there are lands
+  belonging to the Earl of Liverpool called Munts or Mounts, but whether at
+  any time belonging to the church, I am unable to say. Any information as
+  to the meaning of the word, or account of its occurring elsewhere, will
+  much oblige</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. W. B.
+
+  <p><i>Church Chests.</i>&mdash;A representation of two knights engaged in
+  combat is sometimes found on ancient church chests. Can any one explain
+  the meaning of it? Examples occur at Harty Chapel, Kent, and Burgate,
+  Suffolk. The former is mentioned in the <i>Glossary of Architecture</i>,
+  and described as a carving: the latter is painted only, <!-- Page 188
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page188"></a>{188}</span>and one of the
+  knights is effaced: the other is apparently being unhorsed; he wears a
+  jupon embroidered in red, and the camail, &amp;c., of the time of Richard
+  II.: a small shield is held in his left hand: his horse stoops its head,
+  apparently to water, through which it is slowly pacing. Is this a subject
+  from the legend of some saint, or from one of the popular romances of the
+  middle ages? Are any other examples known?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. R. M.
+
+  <p><i>The Cross-bill.</i>&mdash;Is "The Legend of the Cross-bill,"
+  translated from Julius Mosen by Longfellow, a genuine early tradition, or
+  only a fiction of the poet?</p>
+
+  <p>2. Is the Cross-bill considered in any country as a sacred bird? and
+  was it ever so used in architectural decoration, illumination, or any
+  other works of sacred art?</p>
+
+  <p>3. What is the earliest record on evidence of the Cross-bill being
+  known in England?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. G. T.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Launceston.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Iovanni Volpe.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers supply a notice of
+  <span class="sc">Iovanni Volpe</span>, mentioned in a MS. nearly
+  cotemporary to have been</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"An Italian doctor, famous in Queen Elizabeth's time, who went with
+  George Earl of Cumberland most of his sea voyages, and was with him at
+  the taking of Portorico?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Another MS., apparently of the date of James I., describes him as
+  "physician to Queen Elizabeth."</p>
+
+  <p>He had a daughter, Frances, widow of Richard Evers, Esq. ("of the
+  family of Evers of Coventry"), who married, 2d November, 1601, Richard
+  Hughes, Esq., then a younger son, but eventually representative, of the
+  ancient house of Gwerclas and Cymmer-yn-Edeirnion, in Merionethshire, and
+  died 29th June, 1636.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. N. O.
+
+  <p><i>Auriga.</i>&mdash;How comes the Latin word <span
+  class="sc">Auriga</span> to mean "a charioteer?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Varro.</span>
+
+  <p><i>To speak in Lutestring.</i>&mdash;1. Philo-Junius&mdash;that is,
+  Junius himself&mdash;in the 47th Letter, writes:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I was led to trouble you with these observations by a passage which,
+  <i>to speak in lutestring</i>, I met with this morning, in the course of
+  my reading."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Had the expression in Italics been used before by any one?</p>
+
+  <p>2. In the 56th Letter, addressed to the Duke of Grafton, Junius
+  asks:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Is the union of <i>Blifil</i> and <i>Black George</i> no longer a
+  romance?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>What part of that story is here referred to?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Varro.</span>
+
+  <p>"<i>Lavora, come se tu," &amp;c.</i>&mdash;In Bohn's edition of Jeremy
+  Taylor's <i>Holy Living and Dying</i>, I observe in the notes several
+  Italian sentences, mostly couplets or proverbs. One peculiarly struck me:
+  and I should feel obliged if any of your readers could tell me whence it
+  was taken, name of author, &amp;c. The couplet runs thus (Vide p. 182. of
+  the work):&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Lavora, come se tu avessi a camper ogni hora:</p>
+      <p>Adora, come se tu avessi a morir allora."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Indeed it would not be amiss, if <i>all</i> the notes were marked with
+  authors' names or other reference, as I find some few of the Latin
+  quotations as well as the Greek, and <i>all</i> the Italian ones, require
+  a godfather.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. H. P.
+
+  <p><i>Tomb of Chaucer.</i>&mdash;Are any of the existing English families
+  descended from the poet Chaucer? If so, might they not fairly be applied
+  to for a contribution to the proposed restoration of his tomb? His son
+  Thomas Chaucer left an heiress, married to De la Pole, Duke of Suffolk;
+  but I have not the means of ascertaining whether any of their posterity
+  are extant.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. R. M.
+
+  <p><i>Family of Clench.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers supply me with
+  the parentage and family of <i>Bruin Clench</i> of St. Martin's in the
+  Fields, citizen of London? He married Catharine, daughter of William
+  Hippesley, Esq., of Throughley, in Edburton, co. Sussex; and was living
+  in 1686. His christian name does not appear in the pedigrees of the
+  Clinche or Clench family of Bealings and Holbrook, co. Suffolk, in the
+  <i>Heralds' Visitations</i>, in the British Museum. His daughter married
+  Roger Donne, Esq., of Ludham, co. Norfolk, and was the maternal
+  grandmother of the poet Cowper.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. R. M.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>CRANMER'S DESCENDANTS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 8.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent may be interested to know, that Sir Anthony
+  Chester, Bart., of Chichley, co. Bucks, married, May 21, 1657, Mary, dau.
+  of Samuel Cranmer, Esq., alderman of London, and sister to Sir Cæsar
+  Cranmer, Kt., of Ashwell, Bucks. This Samuel Cranmer was traditionally
+  the last male heir of the eldest of Cranmer's sons; his descent is, I
+  believe, stated in general terms in the epitaphs of Lady Chester, at
+  Chichley, and Sir Cæsar Cranmer, at Ashwell. He was a great London brewer
+  by trade, and married his cousin Mary (sister of Thomas Wood, Bishop of
+  Coventry and Lichfield, and Sir Henry Wood, Bart., of the Board of Green
+  Cloth), dau. of Thomas Wood, Esq., of Hackney, by his wife &mdash;&mdash;
+  Cranmer. They had only two children, and it would appear from Harleian
+  MS. No. 1476. fo. 419., which omits all mention of Sir Cæsar, that he
+  died in his father's lifetime, and that Lady Chester was sole heiress to
+  this branch of the Cranmers.</p>
+
+  <p>There are two brief pedigrees I have seen of these Cranmers, one in
+  Harl. MS. 1476. above <!-- Page 189 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page189"></a>{189}</span>mentioned, the other in Philipot's
+  <i>Catalogue of Knights</i>; but neither of them goes so far as to
+  connect them with the archbishop, or even with the Nottinghamshire
+  family; for they both begin with Samuel Cranmer's grandfather, who is
+  described of Alcester, co. Warwick. Now the connexion is certain: could
+  one of your readers supply me with the wanting links? Is it possible that
+  they omit all mention of the archbishop on account of the prejudice
+  mentioned by your correspondent; being able to supply the three
+  generations necessary to gentility without him?</p>
+
+  <p>I am obliged to write without any books of reference, or I would have
+  consulted the epitaphs in question again.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. E. W.
+
+  <p>I am afraid that my quotations from memory, in my letter of Saturday,
+  were <i>not exactly correct</i>; for on examining Lipscomb's
+  <i>Buckinghamshire</i> to-day, I find that it is stated (vol. iv. pp.
+  4-7.) on the monument of Samuel Cranmer at <i>Astwood Bury</i>, that he
+  was "descended in a direct line from Richard Cranmer, elder brother to
+  Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury;" and that it was found, on an
+  inquisition held on April 7, 1640, that his son and heir Cæsar Cranmer
+  (called on the monument "Sir Cæsar Wood At<sup>e</sup> Cranmer, Kt.") was
+  his heir at six years of age. This Cæsar was knighted by Charles II., and
+  died unmarried; so that his sister, Lady Chester, was evidently the
+  representative of this branch of the Cranmer family.</p>
+
+  <p>Now, with regard to this statement on the monument, in the first place
+  it is discrepant with Lady Chester's epitaph at Chichley, which
+  (Lipscomb's <i>Bucks</i>, vol. iv. p. 97.) expressly declares that she
+  derived her descent from the archbishop. In the next place it appears
+  from Thoroton's <i>Notts</i>, that the archbishop had no elder brother
+  named Richard. His elder brother's name was John; who by Joan, dau. of
+  John Frechevill, Esq., had two sons, Thomas and <i>Richard</i>. Could
+  this be the Richard alluded to? In the third place, in neither of the
+  pedigrees alluded to is there given any connexion with the family of
+  Cranmer of Aslacton. And, lastly, it is opposed to the uniform tradition
+  of the family. Now, if any of your readers can clear up this difficulty,
+  or will refer me to any other pedigree of the Cranmers, I shall feel
+  extremely obliged to him.</p>
+
+  <p>With the exception of the points now noticed, my former letter was
+  perfectly correct, and may be relied on in every respect.</p>
+
+  <p>I may mention that these Cranmers were from Warwickshire. The monument
+  states that Samuel Cranmer was born at "Aulcester" in that county, "about
+  the year 1575."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. E. W.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>DUTCH POPULAR SONG-BOOK.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 22.)</p>
+
+  <p>The second edition of the song-book mentioned by the <span
+  class="sc">Hermit of Holyport</span> must have been published between
+  1781 and 1810, as the many popular works printed for S. and W. Koene may
+  testify. In 1798 they lived on the Linde gracht, but shifted afterwards
+  their dwelling-place to the Boomstraat. For the above
+  information&mdash;about a trifle, interesting enough to call a
+  <i>hermit</i> from his <i>memento-mori</i> cogitations&mdash;I am
+  indebted to the kindness of Mr. <span class="sc">J.&nbsp;J.
+  Nieuwenhuyzen</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>But, alas! what can I, the man with a <i>borrowed name</i> and
+  borrowed learning, say in reply to the first Query of the busy anchorite?
+  He will believe me, when I tell his reverence that I am <i>not</i> <span
+  class="sc">Janus Dousa</span>. What's in the name, that I could choose
+  it? Must I confess? A token of grateful remembrance; the only means of
+  making myself known to a British friend of my youth, but for whom I would
+  perhaps never have enjoyed <span class="sc">Mr. Hermit's</span> valuable
+  contributions&mdash;the medium, in short, of being recognised incognito.
+  Will this do? Or must I say, copying a generous correspondent of "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>,"&mdash;Spare my blushes, I am</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. van Lennep.</span>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Amsterdam, Feb. 25. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 87.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent P. asks for information respecting the families and
+  descendants of William Malbank and Bigod de Loges, two of the Barons of
+  Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, whose signatures are affixed to the charter
+  of foundation of St. Werburgh's Abbey at Chester.</p>
+
+  <p>Of the descendants of William Malbank I can learn nothing; but it
+  appears from the MS. catalogue of the Norman nobility before the
+  Conquest, that Roger and Robert de Loges possessed lordships in the
+  district of Coutances in Normandy. One at least, Roger, must have
+  accompanied the Conqueror to England (and his name appears in the roll of
+  Battle Abbey as given by Fox), for we find that he held lands in Horley
+  and Burstowe in Surrey. His widow, Gunuld de Loges, held the manor of
+  Guiting in Gloucestershire of King William; and in the year 1090 she gave
+  two hides of land to the monastery of Gloucester to pray for the soul of
+  her husband. Roger had two sons, Roger and Bigod, or, as he is sometimes
+  called, Robert. The former inherited the lands in Surrey. One of his
+  descendants (probably his great-grandson) was high sheriff of Surrey and
+  Sussex in the years 1267, 1268, and 1269. His son Roger de Loges owned
+  lands and tenements in Horley, called La Bokland, which he sold to the
+  Abbot of <!-- Page 190 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page190"></a>{190}</span>Chertsea. His successor, John de Logge of
+  Burstowe, witnessed in the tenth year of Edward II. a deed relating to
+  the transfer of land in Hadresham, Surrey. The name became gradually
+  corrupted to Lodge.</p>
+
+  <p>To return to the subject of inquiry, Bigod de Loges&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"held five tenements in Sow of the Earl of Chester, by the service of
+  conducting the said earl towards the king's court through the midst of
+  the forest of Cannock, meeting him at Rotford bridge upon his coming, and
+  at Hopwas bridge on his return. In which forest the earl might, if he
+  pleased, kill a deer at his coming, and another at his going back: giving
+  unto Loges each time he should so attend him a barbed arrow. Hugo de
+  Loges granted to William Bagot all his lands in Sow, to hold of him the
+  said Hugo and his heirs, by the payment of a pair of white gloves at the
+  feast of St. Michael yearly."&mdash;Dugdale.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Bigod de Loges had two sons, Hugo and Odardus:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Ranulphus de Meschines, Earl of
+  Chester, in the baronies of Stanyton, Wigton, Doudryt, Waverton,
+  Blencoyd, and Kirkbride, in the county of Cumberland; and the said
+  Odardus built Wigton church and endowed it. He lived until King John's
+  time. Henry I. confirmed the grant of the barony to him, by which it is
+  probable that he lived a hundred years. He had issue Adam. Adam had issue
+  Odard, the lord, whose son and heir, Adam the Second, died without issue,
+  and Odard the Fourth likewise," &amp;c.&mdash;Denton's <i>MS.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Of the branch settled in Staffordshire and Warwickshire&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Hugo de Loges married, tempo Richard I., Margerie, daughter and
+  heiress of Robert de Brok. By this marriage Hugo became possessed of the
+  manor of Casterton in Warwickshire. He was forester of Cannock chace. He
+  had issue Hugo de Loges, of Chesterton, whose son and heir, Sir Richard
+  de Loges, died 21st of Edward I. Sir Richard had issue two sons, Richard
+  and Hugo. The eldest, Richard of Chesterton, left issue an only daughter,
+  Elizabeth, married to Nicholas de Warwick. The issue of this marriage was
+  John de Warwick, whose daughter and heiress, Eleonora, married Sir John
+  de Peto, and brought the manor of Chesterton into that
+  family."&mdash;Dugdale.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">M. J. T.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S "ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA."</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 139.)</p>
+
+  <p>The scene in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> contains two expressions
+  which are in <i>Henry VIII.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"Learn this, Silius."</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Learn this, brother."&mdash;<i>Hen. VIII.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"The Captain's captain."</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen."&mdash;<i>Hen. VIII.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The first of these passages is in a scene in <i>Henry VIII.</i>, which
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Hickson</span> gives to Fletcher (and of which,
+  by-the-bye, it may be observed, that, like the scene in <i>Antony and
+  Cleopatra</i>, it has nothing to do with the business of the play). The
+  other is in a scene which he gives to Shakspeare.</p>
+
+  <p>But, perhaps, there may be doubts whether rightly. I am exceedingly
+  ignorant in Fletcher; but here is a form of expression which occurs twice
+  in the scene, which, I believe, is more conformable to the practice of
+  Fletcher:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>A</i> heed was in his countenance."</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"And force them with <i>a</i> constancy."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>There is very great stiffness in the versification: one instance is
+  quite extraordinary:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"Yet I know her for</p>
+      <p>A spleeny Lutheran; and not wholesome to</p>
+      <p>Our cause, that she should lie i' the bosom of</p>
+      <p>Our hard rul'd king."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>There is great stiffness and tameness in the matter in many
+  places.</p>
+
+  <p>Lastly, what <span class="sc">Mr. Hickson</span> hopes he has taken
+  off Shakspeare's shoulders, the compliments to the Queen and the King, is
+  brought in here most forcedly:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"She (<i>i.e.</i> A. Boleyn) is a gallant creature, and complete</p>
+      <p>In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her</p>
+      <p>Will fall some blessings to this land, which shall</p>
+      <p>In it be memoriz'd."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>But there is also the general question, whether, either upon <i>à
+  priori</i> probability, or inferences derived from particular passages,
+  we are bound to suppose that the two authors wrote scene by scene.
+  Shakspeare might surely be allowed to touch up scenes, of which the mass
+  might be written by Fletcher.</p>
+
+  <p>As to the dates, <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> is persuaded that
+  <i>Henry VIII.</i> was written in the winter of 1603-4. The accession of
+  James was in March, 1603. <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> thinks that
+  the compliments to Queen Elizabeth were not written in her lifetime. He
+  thinks that, even in the last year of her long reign, no one would have
+  ventured to call her an "aged princess," though merely as a way of saying
+  that she would have a long reign; and he says, there is not the slightest
+  evidence that the compliment to King James was an interpolation. But
+  surely it is strong evidence that if there is no interpolation, this
+  passage&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"As when</p>
+      <p>The bird of wonder dies, the maiden ph&oelig;nix,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>afterwards&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"When Heav'n shall call her from this cloud of darkness,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>and then, after disposing of the King&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"She shall be to the happiness of England</p>
+      <p>An aged princess &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p>Would I had known no more&mdash;but she must die;</p>
+      <p>She must&mdash;the saints must have her yet a virgin," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p><!-- Page 191 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page191"></a>{191}</span></p>
+
+  <p>would be ridiculous. All that can be said is, that either way it is
+  partly ridiculous to make it a matter of prophecy and lamentation that a
+  human being must, sometime or other, die.</p>
+
+  <p>But it is very difficult to conceive that the compliments to Elizabeth
+  should have been written after her death.</p>
+
+  <p>Fletcher, born in 1579, did not, in Mr. Dyce's opinion, bring out
+  anything singly or jointly with Beaumont till 1606 or 1607.</p>
+
+  <p>The irrelevant scenes, like that of Ventidius, are introduced with two
+  objects&mdash;one to gain time, the other for the sake of naturalness: of
+  the latter of which there are two instances in <i>Macbeth</i>; one where
+  the King talks of the swallows' nests: the other, relating to the English
+  king touching for the evil, seems remarkably suited to the mind of
+  Shakspeare.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. B.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>"SUN, STAND THOU STILL UPON GIBEON!"</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(<span class="scac">JOSH.</span> x. 12.)</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 137.)</p>
+
+  <p>The observations of I. K. upon this passage have obviously proceeded
+  from a praiseworthy wish to remove what has appeared to some minds to be
+  inconsistent with that perfect truth which they expect to be the result
+  of divine inspiration. I.&nbsp;K. doubtless believes that God put it into the
+  heart of Joshua to utter a command for the miraculous continuance of
+  daylight. But why should he expect the inspiration to extend so far as to
+  instruct Joshua respecting the manner in which that continuance was to be
+  brought about? Joshua was not to be the worker of the miracle. It was to
+  be wrought by Him who can as easily stop any part of the stupendous
+  machinery of His universe, as we can stop the wheels of a watch. Joshua
+  was left to speak, as he naturally would, in terms well fitted to make
+  those around him understand, and tell others, that the sun and moon, whom
+  the defeated people notoriously worshipped, were so far from being able
+  to protect their worshippers, that they were made to promote their
+  destruction at the bidding of Joshua, whom God had commissioned to be the
+  scourge of idolaters. And when the inspired recorder of the miracle wrote
+  that "the sun stood still," he told what the eyes saw, with the same
+  truth as I might say that the sun <i>rose</i> before seven this morning.
+  Inspiration was not bestowed to make men wise in astronomy, but wise unto
+  salvation.</p>
+
+  <p>Those who think that the inspired penman should have said "the earth
+  stood still," in order to give a perfectly true account of the miracle,
+  have need to be told, or would do well to remember, that the stopping of
+  the diurnal revolution of the earth, in order to keep the sun and moon's
+  apparent places the same, would not involve a cessation of its motion in
+  its orbit, still less a cessation of that great movement of the whole
+  solar system, by which it is now more than conjectured that the sun, the
+  moon, and the earth are all carried on together at the rate of above 3700
+  miles in an hour; so that to say "the earth stood still" would be liable
+  to the same objection, viz., that of not being astronomically true. I.&nbsp;K.
+  carries his notion of the "inseparable connexion" of the sun "with all
+  planetary motion" too far, when he supposes that a stoppage of the sun's
+  motion round its own axis would have any effect on our planet. The note
+  he quotes from Kitto's <i>Pictorial Bible</i> is anything but
+  satisfactory; and that from Mant is childishly common-place. Good old
+  Scott adverts with propriety to the Creator's power to keep all things in
+  their places, when the earth's revolution was stopped; but when he
+  endeavoured to illustrate it by the little effect of a ship's <i>casting
+  anchor when under full sail</i>, he should have consulted his friend
+  Newton, who would have stopped such an imagination. Another commentator,
+  Holden, has argued, in spite of the Hebrew, that "in the midst of heaven"
+  cannot mean mid-day, having made up his mind that the moon can never be
+  seen at that hour!</p>
+
+  <p>Such helpers do but make that difficult which, if received in its
+  simplicity, need neither perplex a child nor a philosopher.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Ulm Manuscript</i> (Vol. iii., p. 60.).&mdash;The late Bishop
+  Butler's collection of manuscripts is in the British Museum. I send you a
+  copy of the bishop's own description of the MS. (which should be called
+  the <i>St. Gall MS.</i>), from the printed Catalogue, which was prepared
+  for a sale by auction, previous to the negociation with the trustees for
+  the purchase of the collection for the nation.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Acta Apostolorum. Epistolæ Pauli et Catholicæ cum Apocalypsi. Latinè.
+  Sæculi IX. Upon Vellum. 4to.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The date of this most valuable and important manuscript is preserved
+  by these verses:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'Iste liber Pauli retinet documenta sereni</p>
+      <p>Hartmodus Gallo quem contulit Abba Beato,</p>
+      <p>Si quis et hunc Sancti sumit de culmine Galli</p>
+      <p>Hunc Gallus Paulusque simul dent pestibus amplis.'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Which I thus have tried to imitate:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><b>Thys boke conteynes the doctrynes of Seynct Paull,</b></p>
+      <p><b>Hartmodus thabbat yeve yt to Seynct Gall;</b></p>
+      <p><b>Gyf any tak thys boke from hygh Seynct Gall,</b></p>
+      <p><b>Seynct Gall appall hym and Seynct Paull hym gall.</b></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Hartmodus was Abbot of St. Gall in the Grisons from <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 872 to 874. The MS. therefore may be earlier
+  than the former, but cannot be later than the latter date. <!-- Page 192
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page192"></a>{192}</span></p>
+
+  <p>This MS. is of the very highest importance. It contains the celebrated
+  passage of St. John thus: 'Quia tres sunt, qui testimonium dant,
+  Spliritus, aqua, et sanguis, et tres unum sunt. Sicut in c&oelig;lo tres
+  sunt, Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus, et tres unum sunt.' This most important
+  word <i>Sicut</i> clearly shows how the disputed passage, from having
+  been a Gloss crept into the text. And on the first page prior to the
+  Seven Catholic Epistles is the Prologue of St. Jerome, bearing his name
+  in uncials, which Porson and other learned men think spurious. See
+  Porson's <i>Letters to Travis</i>, p. 290."&mdash;Bp. Butler's Manuscript
+  Catalogue.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. Foss.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Rotherhithe, Jan. 29. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Harrison's Chronology</i> (Vol. iii., p. 105.).&mdash;To the
+  querist on William Harrison all lovers of bibliography are under
+  obligations. At Oxford, amid the Bodleian treasures, he could not have
+  had many questions to ask: at Thurles the case may be much otherwise, and
+  he is entitled to a prompt reply.</p>
+
+  <p>After examining the <i>Typographical Antiquities</i> of Ames and
+  Herbert, and various bibliographical works, relying also on my own memory
+  as a collector of books for more than thirty years, I may venture to
+  assert that the <i>Chronology</i> of W. Harrison has never been printed.
+  I can further assert that no copy of the work is recorded in the
+  <i>Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ</i>, Oxoniæ,
+  1697.</p>
+
+  <p>The best account of Harrison is given by bishop Tanner, in his
+  <i>Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica</i>. Wood, however, should be
+  consulted. With reference to the events of his life, it is important to
+  observe that the date of his letter to sir William Brooke, which may be
+  called an autobiography in miniature, is 1577.</p>
+
+  <p>Assuming that this question could not escape the notice of other
+  contributors, I had made no researches with a view to answer it, and
+  shall be happy to remedy the defects of this scrap at a future time.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bolton Corney</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Mistletoe on Oaks</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 163, 214.).&mdash;Is it ever
+  found now on <i>other</i> trees? Sir Thos. Browne (<i>Vulg. Err.</i> lib.
+  ii. cap. vi. § 3.) says, "We observe it in England very commonly upon
+  <i>Sallow</i>, <i>Hazell</i>, and Oake." By-the-bye, <span class="sc">Dr.
+  Bell</span> (p. 163.) seems to adopt the belief, which it is Browne's
+  object in the section referred to above to refute, viz., that "Misseltoe
+  is bred upon trees, from seeds which birds let fall thereon." Have later
+  observations shown that it was Browne himself who was in error?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ache.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Swearing by Swans</i> (Vol. iii., p. 70.).&mdash;An instance of the
+  cognate custom of swearing by pheasants is given by Michelet, <i>Précis
+  de l'Histoire Moderne</i> (pp. 19, 20.). On the taking of Constantinople
+  by the Turks,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"L'Europe s'émut enfin: Nicholas V. prêcha la croisade.... à Lille, le
+  duc de Bourgoyne fit apparaître, dans un banquet, l'image de l'Eglise
+  désolée et, selon les rites de la chevalerie, jura Dieu, la Vierge, les
+  dames, et <i>le faisan</i>, qu'il irait combattre les infidèles."
+  (1454.)</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It seems, however, that in spite of all these formalities, the oath
+  did not sit very heavily on the conscience of the taker: for we are told
+  immediately after that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Cette ardeur dura peu.... le duc de Bourgoyne resta dans ses
+  états."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Michelet gives, as his authority, Olivier de la Marche, t. viii. <i>De
+  la Collection des Mémoires rélatifs à l'Hist. de France</i>, edit. de M.
+  Petitot.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">X. Z.
+
+  <p><i>Jurare ad caput animalium</i> (Vol. ii., p. 392; Vol. iii., p.
+  71.).&mdash;Schayes, a Belgic writer (in <i>Les Pays Bas avant et durant
+  la Domination Romaine</i>, vol. ii. p. 73. et seq.), furnishes references
+  to two councils, in which this mode of swearing was condemned, viz.
+  Concil. Aurelianense (Orleans), <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 541, and
+  Concil. Liptinense (Liptines or Lestines), 743. On the Indiculus
+  Paganiarum of the latter he subjoins the commentaries of Des Roches
+  (<i>Anc. Mém. de l'Acad. de Brux.</i>), de Meinders (<i>de statu relig.
+  sub Carolo M.</i>, p. 144.), d'Eckart (<i>Francia Orient</i>, lib. i. p.
+  407.), de Canciani (<i>de Legibus barbaror.</i>, tom. iii. p. 78.). The
+  enquirer may also consult Riveli Opera on the Decalogue; Petiti,
+  <i>Observ. Miscell.</i> lib. iv. c. 7.: "Defenditur Socrates ab improba
+  Lactantii calumnia et de ejus jusjurando per <i>canem</i>:" and Alex. ab
+  Alexandro, <i>Geniales Dies</i>, lib. v. c. 10.</p>
+
+  <p>I may avail myself of this opportunity of noticing the misprint in p.
+  152., <i>V</i>ezron for <i>P</i>ezron.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. J.
+
+  <p><i>Ten Children at a Birth</i> (Vol. ii., p. 459.; Vol. iii., p.
+  64.).&mdash;We are indebted to the obliging courtesy of the editor of the
+  <i>Leeds Mercury</i> for the following extract from that paper of the 9th
+  October, 1781:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A letter from Sheffield, dated October 1, says, 'This day one Ann
+  Birch, formerly of Derby, who came to work at the silk-mills here, was
+  delivered of <span class="scac">TEN</span> children; nine were dead, and
+  one living, which, with the mother, is likely to do well.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Our informant adds&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I never heard of any silk-mills at Sheffield. If there was a Medical
+  Society in Sheffield then, its records might be examined."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can our correspondent N. D. throw any further light upon this
+  certainly curious and interesting case?</p>
+
+  <p><i>Richard Standfast</i> (Vol. iii., p. 143.).&mdash;This divine is
+  buried in Christ Church, Bristol; having been rector of that church for
+  the long space of fifty-one years. There is a monument erected to his
+  memory in the above-mentioned building, with the following
+  inscription:&mdash; <!-- Page 193 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page193"></a>{193}</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Near this place lieth the body of Richard Standfast, Master of Arts,
+  of Sidney College in Cambridge, and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to his Majesty
+  King Charles I., who for his loyalty to the King and stedfastness in the
+  established religion, suffered fourteen years' sequestration. He returned
+  to his place in Bristol at the restoration of King Charles II., was then
+  made prebendary of the cathedral church of Bristol, and for twenty years
+  and better (notwithstanding his blindness) performed the offices of the
+  church exactly, and discharged the duties of an able, diligent, and
+  orthodox preacher. He was Rector of Christ Church upwards of fifty-one
+  years, and died August 24, in the seventy-eighth year of his age, and in
+  the year of Our Lord 1681.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>He shall live again."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following additional lines, composed by himself, were taken down
+  from his own mouth two days before his death; and are, according to his
+  own desire, inscribed on his tomb:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i1hg3">"Jacob was at Bethel found,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And so may we, though under ground.</p>
+      <p class="i1">With Jacob there God did intend,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To be with him where'ver he went,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And to bring him back again,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Nor was that promise made in vain.</p>
+      <p>Upon which words we rest in confidence</p>
+      <p>That he which found him there will fetch us hence.</p>
+      <p>Nor without cause are we persuaded thus,</p>
+      <p>For where God spake with him, he spake with us."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Besides the work your correspondent mentions, he wrote a book,
+  entitled a <i>Caveat against Seducers</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. K. R. W.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Feb. 22. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>"<i>Jurat, crede minus</i>" (Vol. iii., p. 143.).&mdash;This epigram
+  was quoted by Sir Ed. Coke on the trial of Henry Garnet. The author I
+  cannot tell, but F.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;R. may be glad to trace it up thus far.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Bs.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Rab Surdam</i> (Vol. ii., p. 493.; Vol. iii., p. 42.).&mdash;May
+  not "Rab Surdam" be the ignorant stone-cutter's version of
+  "resurgam?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. A. H.
+
+  <p><i>The Scaligers</i> (Vol. iii., p. 133.).&mdash;Everything relating
+  to this family is interesting, and I have read with pleasure your
+  correspondent's communication on the origin of their armorial bearings. I
+  am, however, rather surprised to observe, that he seems to take for
+  granted the relationship of Julius Cæsar Scaliger and his son Joseph to
+  the Lords of Verona, which has been so convincingly disproved by several
+  writers. The world has been for some time pretty well satisfied that
+  these two illustrious scholars were mere impostors in the claim they
+  made, that Joseph Scaliger's letter to Janus Dousa was a very impudent
+  affair. If your correspondent has met with any new evidence in support of
+  their claim, it would gratify me much if he would make it known. Who
+  would not derive pleasure from seeing the magnificent boast of Joseph
+  proved at last to have been founded in fact:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ego sum septimus ab Imperatore Ludovico et Illustrissimâ Hollandiæ
+  comite Margareta: septimus item a Mastino tertio, ut et magnus Rex
+  Franciscus, literarum parcus."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>and Scioppius's parting recommendation&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Quid jam reliquum est tibi, nisi ut nomen commutes et ex Scalifero
+  fias Furcifer?"&mdash;<i>Scaliger Hypobolimaeus. Mogunt.</i>, 1607, 4to.,
+  p. 74. b.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>deprived of its force and stringency? I fear, however, that this is
+  not to be expected.</p>
+
+  <p>It is impossible to read Joseph Scaliger's defence of his own case in
+  the rejoinder to Scioppius, <i>Confutatio fabulæ Burdonum</i>, without
+  observing that the author utterly fails in connecting Niccolo, the
+  great-grandfather of Joseph, with Guglielmo della Scala, the son of Can
+  Grande Secundo. And yet such is the charm of genius, that the
+  <i>Confutatio</i>, altogether defective in the main point as a reply,
+  will ever be read with delight by succeeding generations of scholars.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Lincoln Missal</i> (Vol. iii., p. 119.).&mdash;It is clear that one
+  of the most learned ritualists, Mr. Maskell, did not know of a manuscript
+  of the Lincoln Use, else he would have noted it in his work, <i>The
+  Ancient Liturgy of the British Church</i>, where the other Uses of
+  Salisbury, York, Bangor, and Hereford, are compared together. In his
+  preface to this work (p. ix.) he states&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It has been doubted whether there ever was a Lincoln Use in any other
+  sense than a different mode and practice of chanting."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Peacock</span> would probably find more
+  information in the <i>Monumenta Ritualia</i>, to which Mr. Maskell refers
+  in his preface.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. E. R. (A Subscriber.)
+
+  <p><i>By and bye</i> (Vol. iii., p. 73.).&mdash;Your correspondent S. S.,
+  in support of his opinion that <i>by the bye</i> means "by the way,"
+  suggests that <i>good bye</i> may mean "bon voyage." I must say the
+  commonly received notion, that it is a contraction of "God be wi' ye,"
+  appears to me in every way preferable. I think that in the writers of the
+  Elizabethan age, every intermediate variety of form (such as "God b' w'
+  ye," &amp;c.) may be found; but I cannot at this moment lay my hand on
+  any instance.</p>
+
+  <p>In an ingenious and amusing article in a late Number of the
+  <i>Quarterly</i>, the character of different nations is shown to be
+  indicated by their different forms of greeting, and surely the same may
+  be said of their forms of taking leave. The English pride themselves, and
+  with justice, on being a peculiarly religious people: now, applying the
+  above test,&mdash;as the Frenchman has his <i>adieu</i>, the Italian his
+  <i>addio</i>, the Portuguese his <i>addios</i>, and the Spaniard his
+  "vaya usted con <i>Dios</i>,"&mdash;it is to be presumed <!-- Page 194
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page194"></a>{194}</span>that the
+  Englishman, also, on parting from his friend, will commit him to the care
+  of Providence. On the other hand, it must be admitted that the Germans,
+  who, as well as the English, are supposed to entertain a deeper sense of
+  religion than many other nations, content themselves with a mere
+  "lebe-wohl." I should be obliged if some one of your readers will favour
+  me with the forms of taking leave used by other nations, in order that I
+  may be enabled to see whether the above test will hold good on a more
+  extensive application.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">X. Z.
+
+  <p><i>Gregory the Great.</i>&mdash;This is clearly a mere slip of the pen
+  in Lady Morgan's pamphlet. I I think it may confidently be asserted that
+  Gregory VII. has not been thus designated habitually at any period.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. D. H.
+
+  <p><i>True Blue</i> (Vol. iii., p. 92.)&mdash;"The earliest connexion of
+  the colour blue with truth" (which inquiry I cannot consider as
+  synonymous with the original Query, Vol. ii., p. 494.) is doubtless to be
+  traced back to one of the typical garments worn by the Jewish high
+  priest, which was (see Godwyn's <i>Moses and Aaron</i>, London, 1631,
+  lib. i. chap. 5.) "A robe all of blew, with seventy two bels of gold, and
+  as many pomegranates, of blew, purple, and scarlet, upon the skirts
+  thereof." He says that "by the bells was typed the sound of his
+  (Christ's) doctrine; by the pomegranates the sweet savour of an holy
+  life;" and, without doubt, by "the blew robe" was typified the
+  immutability and truthfulness of the person, mission, and doctrine of our
+  great High Priest, who was clothed with truth as with a garment. The
+  great Antitype was a literal embodiment of the symbolic panoply of his
+  lesser type.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Drachmarus</i> (Vol. iii., p. 157.).&mdash;Your correspondent has
+  my most cordial thanks both for his suggestion, and also for his
+  conjecture.</p>
+
+  <p>1. Perhaps you will kindly afford me space to say, that the name of
+  Drachmarus occurs in a well-written MS. account of Bishop Cosin's
+  controversy, during his residence in Paris, with the Benedictine Prior
+  Robinson, concerning the validity of our English ordination: in the
+  course of which, after stating the opinion of divers of the Fathers, that
+  the keys of order and jurisdiction were given John xx., "Quorum peccata,"
+  &amp;c., Cosin adds:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I omit Hugo Cardinalis, the ordinary gloss, <i>Drachmarus</i>,
+  Scotus, as men of a later age (though all, as you say, of your church)
+  that might be produced to the same purpose."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I should here perhaps state, that no letter of Prior Robinson's is
+  extant in which any mention is made either of Drachmarus or of
+  Druthmarus.</p>
+
+  <p>2. Before my Query was inserted, it had not only occurred to me as
+  probable that the transcriber might have written Drachmarus in mistake
+  for Druthmarus, but I had also consulted such of Druthmar's writings as
+  are found in the <i>Bibl. Patr.</i> I came to the conclusion, however,
+  that a later writer than Christian Druthmar was intended. <i>My</i>
+  conjecture was, that Drachmarus must be a second name for some known
+  writer of the age of the schoolmen, just as <i>Carbajulus</i> may be
+  found cited under the name of <i>Loysius</i>, or <i>Loisius</i>, which
+  are only other forms of his Christian name, <i>Ludovicus</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom</span>.
+
+  <p><i>The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex.</i>&mdash;E. H. Y. (Vol. iii., p.
+  66.) is wrong in assigning the title of Lord <i>Mountacute</i> to the
+  Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex. In 1 &amp; 2 Phil. and Mary, Sir Antony
+  Browne (son of the Master of the Horse to Henry VIII.) was created
+  Viscount <i>Montague</i> (Collins). When curate of Eastbourne, in which
+  parish are situated the ruins of their ancestral Hall of Cowdray, I
+  frequently heard the village dames recite the tales of the rude
+  forefathers of the hamlet respecting the family.</p>
+
+  <p>They relate, that while the great Sir Antony (temp. Hen. VIII.) was
+  holding a revel, a monk presented himself before the guests and
+  pronounced the curse of fire and water against the male descendants of
+  the family, till none should be left, because the knight had received and
+  was retaining the church-lands of Battle Abbey, and those which belonged
+  to the priory of Eastbourne. Within the last hundred years, destiny,
+  though slow of foot, has overtaken the fated race. In one day the hall
+  perished by fire, and the lord by water, as mentioned by E.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;Y. The
+  male line being extinct, the estate passed to the sister of Lord
+  Montague. This lady was married to the late W.&nbsp;S. Poyntz, Esq., M.P. The
+  two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Poyntz were drowned at Bognor, and the estate a
+  second time devolved on the female representatives. These ladies, still
+  living, are the Marchioness of Exeter, the Countess Spencer, and the
+  Dowager Lady Clinton. The estate passed by purchase into the hands of the
+  Earl of Egmont.</p>
+
+  <p>The old villagers, the servants, and the descendants of servants of
+  the family, point to the ruins of the hall, and religiously cling to the
+  belief that its destruction and that of its lords resulted from the
+  curse. It certainly seems an illustration of Archbishop Whitgift's words
+  to Queen Elizabeth:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Church-land added to an ancient inheritance hath proved like a moth
+  fretting a garment, and secretly consumed both: or like the eagle that
+  stole a coal from the altar, and thereby set her nest on fire, which
+  consumed both her young eagles and herself that stole it."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. Rds.</span>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Queen's Col., Birm., Feb. 20. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Red Hand</i> (Vol. ii., p. 506., <i>et antè</i>).&mdash;A
+  correspondent, <span class="sc">Arun</span>, says, "Your correspondents
+  would confer a heraldic benefit if they would <!-- Page 195 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page195"></a>{195}</span>point out other
+  instances, which I believe to exist, where family reputation has been
+  damaged by similar ignorance in heraldic interpretation." I have always
+  thought this ignorance to be universal with the country people in
+  England: I could mention <i>several instances</i>. First, when I was a
+  boy at school I was shown the hatchments in Wateringbury church, in Kent,
+  by my master, and informed that Sir Thomas Styles had murdered some
+  domestic, and was consequently obliged to bear the "bloody hand:" and
+  lastly, and lately, at Church-Gresley, in Derbyshire, at the old hall of
+  the Gresley family, I was shown the marble table on which Sir Roger or
+  Sir Nigel Gresley had cut up, in a sort of Greenacre style, his cook; for
+  which he was obliged to have the bloody hand in his arms, and put into
+  the church on his tomb.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W. D.
+
+  <p><i>Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  137.).&mdash;The two tracts mentioned by your correspondent R.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;H., and
+  which he states he has often sought in vain, namely, <i>Augusta
+  Triumphans</i>, London, 1728, 8vo., and <i>Second Thoughts are best</i>,
+  London, 1729, 8vo., are to be found in the <i>Selection from Defoe's
+  Works</i> published by Talboys in 20 vols. 12mo. in 1840. They are both
+  indisputably by Defoe, and contain, as your correspondent observes, many
+  anticipations of modern improvements. I may mention that there is a
+  tract, also beyond doubt by Defoe, on the subject of London
+  street-robberies, which has never yet been noticed or attributed to him
+  by any one. It is far more curious and valuable than <i>Second Thoughts
+  are best</i>, and is perfectly distinct from that tract. It gives a
+  history, and the only one I ever yet met with, written in all Defoe's
+  graphic manner, of the London police and the various modes of street
+  robbery in the metropolis, from the time of Charles II. to 1731, and
+  concludes by suggestions of effectual means of prevention. It is
+  evidently the work of one who had lived in London during the whole of the
+  period. The title is&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"An effectual Scheme for the immediate preventing of Street Robberies,
+  and suppressing all other Disorders of the Night, with a brief History of
+  the Night Houses, and an Appendix relating to those Sons of Hell called
+  Incendiaries. Humbly inscribed to the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor of
+  the City of London. London: Printed for J. Wilford, at the Three Flower
+  de Luees, behind the Chapter House in St. Paul's Church Yard. 1731.
+  (Price 1<i>s.</i>) 8vo., pages 72."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I have also another tract on the same subject, which has not been
+  noticed by Defoe's biographers, but which I have no hesitation in
+  ascribing to him. It is curious enough, but not of equal value with the
+  last. The title is&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Street Robberies considered. The reason of their being so frequent,
+  with probable Means to prevent 'em. To which is added, three short
+  Treatises: 1. A Warning for Travellers; with Rules to know a Highwayman
+  and Instructions how to behave upon the occasion. 2. Observations on
+  Housebreakers. How to prevent a Tenement from being broke open. With a
+  Word of Advice concerning Servants. 3. A Caveat for Shopkeepers: with a
+  Description of Shoplifts, how to know 'em, and how to prevent 'em: also a
+  Caution of delivering Goods: with the Relation of several Cheats
+  practised lately upon the Publick. Written by a converted Thief. To which
+  is prefix'd some Memoirs of his Life. <i>Set a Thief to catch a
+  Thief.</i> London: Printed for J. Roberts, in Warwick Lane. Price
+  1<i>s.</i> (No date, but circ. 1726.) 8vo., pages 72."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of Waste-book</i> (Vol. iii., p. 118.).&mdash;The
+  <i>waste-book</i> in a counting-house is that in which all the
+  transactions of the day, receipts, payments, &amp;c., are entered
+  miscellaneously as they occur, and of which no account is immediately
+  taken, no value immediately found; whence, so to speak, the mass of
+  affairs is undigested, and the wilderness or <i>waste</i> is
+  uncultivated, and without result until entries are methodically made in
+  the day-book and ledger; without which latter appliances there would, in
+  book-keeping, be <i>waste</i> indeed, in the worst sense of the term. The
+  word <i>day-book</i> explains itself. The word <i>ledger</i> is explained
+  in Johnson's and in Ash's <i>Dictionary</i>, from the Dutch, as
+  signifying a book that lies in the counting-house <i>permanently in one
+  place</i>. The etymology there given also explains why certain lines used
+  in fishing-tackle, by old Isaak Walton, and by his disciples at the
+  present day, are called <i>ledger-lines</i>. It, however, does not seem
+  to explain the phrase <i>ledger-lines</i>, used in music; namely, the
+  term applied to those short lines added above or below the staff of five
+  lines, when the notes run very high or very low, and which are exactly
+  those which are not <i>permanent</i>. Here the French word <i>léger</i>
+  tempts the etymologist a little.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Snow</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Deus Justificatus</i> (Vol. ii., p. 441.).&mdash;There is no doubt
+  that this work was written by Henry Hallywell, and not by Cudworth. Dr.
+  Worthington, whose intercourse with the latter was of the most intimate
+  kind, and who would have been fully aware of the fact had he been the
+  author, observes, in a letter not dated, but written circ. September,
+  1668, addressed to Dr. More, and of which I have a copy now before
+  me:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I bought at London Mr. Hallywell's <i>Deus Justificatus</i>. Methinks
+  it is better written than his former Letter. He will write better and
+  better."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In a short account of Hallywell, who was of the school of Cudworth and
+  More, and whose MS. correspondence with the latter is now in my
+  possession, in Wood's <i>Fasti</i>, vol. ii. p. 187. Edit. Bliss, Wood,
+  "amongst several things that he hath published," enumerates five only,
+  but does not give the <i>Deus Justificatus</i> amongst them. It <!-- Page
+  196 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page196"></a>{196}</span>appears
+  (Wood's <i>Athenæ</i>, vol. iv. p. 230.) that he was ignorant who the
+  author of this tract was.</p>
+
+  <p>It is somewhat singular that the mistake in ascribing <i>Deus
+  Justificatus</i> to Cudworth should have been continued in Kippis's
+  edition of the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>. It was so ascribed to him,
+  first, as far as I can find, by a writer of the name of Fancourt, in the
+  preface to his <i>Free Agency of Accountable Creatures Examined</i>,
+  London, 1733, 8vo. On his authority it was included in the list of
+  Cudworth's works in the <i>General Dictionary</i>, 1736, folio, vol. iv.
+  p. 487., and in the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, 1750, vol. iii. p.
+  1581., and in the last edition by Kippis. Birch, in the mean time,
+  finding, no doubt, on inquiry, that there was no ground for ascribing it
+  to Cudworth, made no mention of it in his accurate life prefixed to the
+  edition of the <i>Intellectual System</i> in 1742.</p>
+
+  <p>Hallywell, the author, deserves to be better known. In many passages
+  in his works he gives ample proof that he had fully imbibed the lofty
+  Platonism and true Christian spirit of his great master.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Touchstone's Dial</i> (Vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., pp. 52.
+  107.).&mdash;I am gratified to find that my note on "Touchstone's Dial"
+  has prompted <span class="sc">Mr. Stephens</span> to send you his
+  valuable communication on these old-fashioned chronometers. The subjoined
+  extract from <i>Travels in America in the Year</i> 1806, by Thomas Ashe,
+  Esq., is interesting, as it shows that "Ring-dials" were used as common
+  articles of barter in America at the commencement of the present
+  century:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The storekeepers on the Alleghany River from above Pittsburg to New
+  Orleans are obliged to keep every article which it is possible that the
+  farmer and manufacturer may want. Each of their shops exhibits a complete
+  medley: a magazine, where are to be had both a needle and an anchor, a
+  tin pot and a large copper boiler, a child's whistle and a piano-forte, a
+  <i>ring-dial</i> and a clock," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. B.
+
+  <p><i>Ring Dials</i>.&mdash;I was interested with the reference to
+  <i>Pocket Sun-dials</i> in "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>,"
+  pp. 52. 107. because it re-furnished an opportunity of placing in print a
+  scrap of information on the subject, which I neglected to embrace when I
+  first read <span class="sc">Mr. Knight's</span> note on the passage in
+  Shakspeare. About seventy years ago these small, cheap, brass
+  "Ring-dials" for the pocket were manufactured by the gross by a firm in
+  Sheffield (Messrs. Proctor), then in Milk street. I well remember the
+  workman&mdash;an old man in my boyhood&mdash;who had been employed in
+  making them, as he said, "in basketsful;" and also his description of the
+  <i>modus operandi</i>, which was curious enough. They were of different
+  sizes and prices, and their extreme rarity at present, considering the
+  number formerly in use, is only less surprising than the commonness of
+  pocket-watches which have superseded them. I never saw but one of these
+  cheapest and most nearly forgotten horologia, and which the old
+  brass-turner, as I recollect, boasted of as "telling the time true to a
+  quarter of an hour!"</p>
+
+  <p class="author">D.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Sheffield, Jan. 2. 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Cockade</i> (Vol. iii., p. 7.).&mdash;The Query of A. E. has not
+  yet been satisfactorily answered; nor can I pretend to satisfy him. But
+  as a small contribution to the history of the decoration in question, I
+  beg to offer him the following definition from the <i>Dictionnaire
+  étymologique</i> of Roquefort, 8vo., Paris, 1829:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Cocarde</span>, touffe de rubans que sous Louis
+  XIII. on portoit sur le feutre, et qui imitoit la crête du coq."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>If this be correct, <span class="sc">Apodliktes</span> (p. 42.) must
+  be mistaken in attributing so recent an origin to the cockade as the date
+  of the Hanoverian succession. The truth is, that from the earliest period
+  of heraldic institutions, colours have been used to symbolise parties.
+  The mode of wearing them may have varied; and whether wrought in silk, or
+  more economically represented in the stamped leather cockade of our
+  private soldier, is little to the purpose. It will, however, hardly be
+  contended that our present fashion at all resembles "la crête du
+  coq."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. S. Q.
+
+  <p>"The ribband worn in the hat" was styled "a favour" previous to the
+  Scotch Covenanters' nick-naming it a cockade. Allow me to correct <span
+  class="sc">Apodliktes</span> (p. 42.): "The black <i>favour</i> being the
+  Hanoverian badge, the white <i>favour</i> that of the Stuarts." The knots
+  or bunches of ribbons given as favours at marriages, &amp;c., were not
+  invariably worn in the hat as a cockade is, but it was sometimes (see
+  Hudibras, Pt. i. canto ii. line 524.)</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Wore in their hats like wedding garters."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>There is a note on this line in my edition, which is the same as <span
+  class="sc">J.&nbsp;B. Colman</span> refers to for the note on the Frozen Horn
+  (p. 91.).</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Rudbeck's Atlantica&mdash;Grenville copy&mdash;Tomus I Sine
+  Anno.</i> 1675. 1679. (Vol. iii., p. 26.).&mdash;Has any one of these
+  three copies a separate leaf, entitled "Ad Bibliopegos?"&mdash;Not one of
+  them.</p>
+
+  <p>(Neither has the king's (George III.) copy, nor the Sloane copy, both
+  in the Museum.)</p>
+
+  <p>Has the copy with the date 1679, "Testimonia" at the end?&mdash;The
+  Testimonia are placed after the Dedication, before the text (they are
+  inlaid). They occupy fifteen pages.</p>
+
+  <p>Have they a separate <i>Title</i> and a separate sheet of
+  <i>Errata</i>?&mdash;Neither the one nor the other.</p>
+
+  <p>Is there a duplicate copy of this separate Title at the end of the
+  Preface?&mdash;No.</p>
+
+  <p>(The copy with the date 1675 has at the end Testimonia filling eight
+  pages, with a separate title, and a leaf containing three lines of
+  Errata.)</p>
+
+  <p>Tomus II. 1689.&mdash;How many pages of <!-- Page 197 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page197"></a>{197}</span>Testimonia are there at
+  the end of the Preface?&mdash;Thirty-eight pages.</p>
+
+  <p>(In George III.'s copy the Testimonia occupy forty-three pages.)</p>
+
+  <p>Is there in any one of these volumes the name of any former owner, any
+  book number, or any other mark by which they can be recognised; for
+  instance, that of the Duke de la Vallière?&mdash;No. Not in Mr.
+  Grenville's, nor in George III.'s, nor in the Sloane's; this last has not
+  the Third Volume.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Foss</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Scandal against Queen Elizabeth</i> (Vol. iii., p. 11.).&mdash;It
+  is a tradition in a family with which I am connected, that Queen
+  Elizabeth had a son, who was sent over to Ireland, and placed under the
+  care of the Earl of Ormonde. The Earl, it will be remembered, was
+  distantly related to the Queen, her great-grandmother being the daughter
+  of Thomas, the eighth Earl.</p>
+
+  <p>Papers are said to exist in the family which prove the above
+  statement.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Bs.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Private Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth.</i>&mdash;The curious little
+  volume mentioned by <span class="sc">Mr. Roper</span> (Vol. iii., p.
+  45.), is most probably the book alluded to by J.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;C., p. 23. I possess
+  a copy of much later date (1767). It is worthy of note, that the
+  narrative is headed <i>The Earl of Essex; or, the Amours of Queen
+  Elizabeth</i>; while the title-page states, <i>The secret History of the
+  most Renown'd Q. Elizabeth and Earl of Essex</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>I think it can scarcely be said to be <i>corroborative</i> of the
+  "scandal" contained in Mr. Ives's MS. note, or that in Burton's
+  <i>Parliamentary Diary</i>, cited by P.&nbsp;T., Vol. ii. p. 393. Whitaker, in
+  his <i>Vindication of Mary Q. of Scots</i>, has displayed immense
+  industry and research in his collection of charges against the private
+  life of Elizabeth, but makes no mention of these reports.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. B. Price</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Bibliographical Queries</i> (No. 39.), <i>Monarchia Solipsorum</i>
+  (Vol. iii., p. 138.).&mdash;Your correspondent asks, Can there be the
+  smallest doubt that the veritable inventor of this satire upon the
+  Jesuits was their former associate, Jules-Clement Scotti? Having paid
+  considerable attention to the writings of Scotti, Inchofer, and
+  Scioppius, and to the evidence as to the authorship of this work, I
+  should, notwithstanding Niceron's authority, on which your correspondent
+  seems to rely, venture to assert that the claim made for Scotti, as well
+  as that for Scioppius, may be at once put aside. No two authors ever more
+  carefully protected their literary offspring, numerous as they were, by
+  the catalogues and lists of them which they published or dispersed from
+  time to time, than these two writers. In them every tract is claimed,
+  however short, which they had written. Scotti published one in 1650, five
+  years after the publication of the <i>Monarchia Solipsorum</i>; and I
+  have a letter of his, of the same period, containing a list of his
+  writings. Scioppius left one, dated 1647, now in MS. in the Laurentian
+  Library with his other MSS., and which carefully mentions every tract he
+  had written against the Jesuits. The <i>Monarchia Solipsorum</i> does not
+  appear in the lists of these two writers; and no good reason can be
+  assigned why it should not, on the supposition of its being written by
+  either of them. If not in those which were published, it certainly would
+  not have been omitted in those communicated to their friends, not
+  Jesuits, or which were found amongst their own MSS. Then, nothing can be
+  more distinct than the style of Scotti, of Scioppius, and that of the
+  author, whoever he was, of the <i>Monarchia</i>. The much-vexed spirit of
+  the bitterest of critics would have been still more indignant if one or
+  two of the passages in this work could ever, in his contemplation, have
+  been imputed to his pen.</p>
+
+  <p>It is in this case, as in most other similar ones, much easier to
+  conclude who is not, than who is the author of the book in question. The
+  internal evidence is very strong in favour of Inchofer. It was published
+  with his name in 1652, seven years only after the date of the first
+  edition; and the witnesses are many among his contemporaries, who speak
+  positively to his being the author. Further, there is no great
+  dissimilarity in point of style, and I have collected several parallel
+  expressions occurring in the <i>Monarchia</i> and Inchofer's other works,
+  which very much strengthen the claim made on his behalf, but which it is
+  scarcely necessary to insert here. In my opinion, he is the real author.
+  The question might, I have no doubt, be finally set at rest by an
+  examination of his correspondence with Leo Allatius, which is, or was, at
+  all events, in the Vatican.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>.
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Touching for the Evil</i> (Vol. iii., p. 93.).&mdash;It was one of
+  the proofs against the Duke of Monmouth, that he had touched for the evil
+  when in the West; and I have seen a handbill describing the cures he
+  effected. It was sold at Sir John St. Aubyn's sale of prints at
+  Christie's some few years since.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W. D.
+
+  <p>"<i>Talk not of Love</i>" (Vol. iii., pp. 7.77.).&mdash;In answering
+  the Query of A.&nbsp;M. respecting this pleasing little song, your
+  correspondents have neglected to mention that the earliest copy of it,
+  <i>i.e.</i> that in Johnson's <i>Scots Musical Museum</i>, has <i>two</i>
+  additional stanzas. This is important, because, from No. 8. of Burns's
+  <i>Letters to Clarinda</i>, it appears that the concluding lines were
+  supplied by Burns himself to suit the music. He remarks that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The latter half of the first stanza would have been worthy of Sappho.
+  I am in raptures with it."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><!-- Page 198 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page198"></a>{198}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Mrs. Mac Lehose (<i>Clarinda</i>) was living in 1840, in the eightieth
+  year of her age.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Did St. Paul's Clock strike Thirteen?</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  40.).&mdash;Yes: but it was not then at St. Paul's; for I think St.
+  Paul's was then being rebuilt. The correspondent to the <i>Antiquarian
+  Repertory</i> says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The first time I heard it (the circumstance) was at Windsor, before
+  St. Paul's had a clock, when the soldier's plea was said to be that Tom
+  of Westminster struck thirteen instead of twelve at the time when he
+  ought to have been relieved. It is not long since a newspaper mentioned
+  the death of one who said he was the man."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>About the beginning of the eighteenth century this bell was removed to
+  St. Paul's, &amp;c.&mdash;Can any of the readers of the "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" supply the newspaper notice above
+  referred to. The above was written in 1775. The clock tower in which the
+  bell was originally (and must have been when the sentinel heard it) was
+  removed in 1715.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Francis</span>.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The story is given in Walcott's <i>Memorials of Westminster</i> as
+  being thus recorded in <i>The Public Advertiser</i> of Friday, 22nd June,
+  1770:&mdash;"Mr. John Hatfield, who died last Monday at his house in
+  Glasshouse Yard, Aldersgate, aged 102 years, was a soldier in the reign
+  of William and Mary, and the person who was tried and condemned by a
+  Court Martial for falling asleep on his duty upon the terrace at Windsor.
+  He absolutely denied the charge against him, and solemnly declared that
+  he heard St. Paul's clock strike thirteen, the truth of which was much
+  doubted by the court because of the great distance. But whilst he was
+  under sentence of death, an affidavit was made by several persons that
+  the clock actually did strike thirteen instead of twelve; whereupon he
+  received his majesty's pardon. The above his friends caused to be
+  engraved upon his plate, to satisfy the world of the truth of a story
+  which has been much doubted, though he had often confirmed it to many
+  gentlemen, and a few days before his death told it to several of his
+  neighbours. He enjoyed his sight and memory to the day of his
+  death."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  113.).&mdash;Among the benefits conferred by "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>" upon the literary world, is the information occasionally
+  afforded, in what libraries, public and private, very rare books are
+  deposited. <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> expresses his thanks to
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Laing</span> for sending to him a very rare volume
+  by Kyffin. Had I seen his "Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers'
+  Company," I should have had much pleasure in furnishing him with
+  extracts, from another copy in the Chetham Library, of the tract he has
+  described. The Rev. T. Corser possesses the same author's <i>Blessedness
+  of Britain</i>. His other works are enumerated by Watt, and should be
+  transferred to a Bibliotheca Cambrensis.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. J.
+
+  <p><i>Metrical Psalms, &amp;c.</i> (Vol. iii., p. 119.).&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Arun</span> may find all the information he seeks by
+  consulting a treatise of <i>Heylin's</i> on the subject of the metrical
+  version of the Psalms, published by Dr. Rich. Watson, under the title of
+  <i>The Deduction</i>, 8vo. Lond. 1685.</p>
+
+  <p>Together with this treatise, two letters from Bishop <i>Cosin</i> to
+  Watson are published; in the latter of which, towards the end, the
+  following paragraph occurs:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The singing Psalms are not adjoined to our Bibles, or to our Liturgy,
+  by any other authority than what the Company of Stationers for their own
+  gain have procured, either by their own private ordinances among
+  themselves, or by some order from the Privy Council in Queen Elizabeth's
+  time. Authority of convocation, or of Parliament, such as our Liturgy
+  had, never had they any: only the Queen, by her Letters Patent to the
+  Stationers, gave leave to have them printed, and allowed them (did not
+  command them) to be sung in churches or private houses by the people.
+  When the Liturgy was set forth, and commanded to be used, these psalms
+  were not half of them composed: no bishop ever inquired of their
+  observance, nor did ever any judge at an assize deliver them in his
+  charge: which both the one and other had been bound to do, if they had
+  been set forth by the same authority which the Liturgy was. Besides you
+  may observe, that they are never printed with the Liturgy or Bible, nor
+  ever were; but only bound up, as the stationers please, together with
+  it," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Aristophanes on the Modern Stage</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  105.)&mdash;Molière has availed himself in the comedy of the <i>Bourgeois
+  Gentilhomme</i> very liberally of the comedy of the <i>Clouds</i>. The
+  lesson in grammar given to Monsr. Jourdain is nearly the same as that
+  which Socrates gives to Strepsiades.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. B. D.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>The last number of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> contains a very
+  important paper upon the limited accessibility of the State Paper Office
+  to literary inquirers, and the consequent injury to historical
+  literature. But not only is the present system illiberal; it seems that
+  it has been determined by the Lords of the Treasury that the historical
+  papers anterior to 1714 shall be transferred from the State Paper Office
+  to the new Record Office, which is now rising rapidly on the Rolls
+  Estate. Under present circumstances, this is a transfer from bad to
+  worse. Our contemporary shows the absurdity and injustice to literature
+  of such a determination in a very striking manner. We cannot follow him
+  through his proofs, but are bound as the organ of literary men to direct
+  attention to the subject. It is most important to every one who is
+  interested&mdash;and who is not?&mdash;in the welfare of historical
+  literature. <!-- Page 199 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page199"></a>{199}</span></p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Unpublished Manuscripts on Church Government</i> by Archbishop
+  Laud, stated to have been prepared for the education of Prince Henry, and
+  subsequently presented to Charles I., which we mentioned in our
+  sixty-ninth number, was sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, on the 24th
+  ultimo, for Twenty Guineas. And here we may note that in the Collection
+  of Autographs sold by the same auctioneers on Friday last, among other
+  valuable articles was a Letter of Burke, dated 3rd Oct. 1793, from which
+  we quote the following passage, which will be read with interest at the
+  present time, and furnishes some information respecting Cardinal
+  Erskine&mdash;the subject of a recent Query:&mdash;"I confess, I would,
+  if the matter rested with me, enter into much more distinct and avowed
+  political connections with the Court of Rome than hitherto we have held.
+  If we decline them, the bigotry will be on our part and not on that of
+  his Holiness. Some mischief has happened, and much good has, I am
+  convinced, been prevented by our unnatural alienation.</p>
+
+  <p>... With regard to Monsignor Erskine, I am certain that all his
+  designs are formed upon the most honourable and the most benevolent
+  public principles." One of the most interesting lots at the sale was a
+  proclamation of the "Old Pretender," dated Rome, 23 Dec. 1743, given
+  "under our Sign Manual and Privy Seal," the seal having the inscription
+  "<span class="sc">Jacobus III. Rex</span>," which fetched Eleven
+  Pounds.</p>
+
+  <p>We believe there are few libraries in this country, however small, in
+  which there is not to be found one shelf devoted to such pet books on
+  Natural History as White's <i>Selborne</i>, the <i>Journal of a
+  Naturalist</i>, and Waterton's <i>Wanderings</i>. The writings of Mr.
+  Knox are obviously destined to take their place in the same honoured
+  spot. Actuated with the same love of nature, and gifted with the same
+  power of patient observation as White, he differs from him in the wider
+  range over which he extends his observation, and in combining the ardour
+  of the sportsman with the scientific spirit of inquiry which
+  distinguishes the naturalist. In his <i>Game Birds and Wild Fowl: their
+  Friends and their Foes</i>, which contains the result of his observations
+  and experience, not only on the birds described in his title-page, but on
+  certain other animals supposed, oftentimes most erroneously, to be
+  injurious to their welfare and increase&mdash;we have a work which
+  reflects the highest credit upon the writer, and can scarcely fail to
+  accomplish the great end for which Mr Knox wrote it, that of "adding new
+  votaries to a loving observation of nature."</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.&mdash;<i>Desdemona, the
+  Magnifico's Child</i>; the Fourth of Mrs. Cowden Clarke's Stories of
+  <i>The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines</i>, is devoted to the history
+  of</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i12hg3">"a maid</p>
+      <p>That paragons description and wild fame."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Gilbert's Popular Narrative of the Origin, History, Progress, and
+  Prospects Of the Great Industrial Exhibition of 1851, by Peter
+  Berlyn</i>,&mdash;a little volume apparently carefully compiled from
+  authentic sources of information upon the several points set forth in its
+  ample title-page.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Wilson's Ornaments of Churches Considered</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Celebrated Trials</span>, 6 Vols. 8vo., 1825. Vol
+  6.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Ossian</span>, 3 Vols. 12mo. Miller, 1805. Vol.
+  2.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Howitt's Rural Life of England</span>. 12mo. 1838.
+  Vol. 2.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sharon Turner's Anglo-Saxons</span>. Last
+  Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Chambers's Scottish Biography</span>, 4 Vols.
+  8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Lady's Poetical Magazine</span>, or <span
+  class="sc">Beauties of British Poetry</span>, Vol. 2. London, 1781.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Burnet's History of the Reformation</span>. Folio.
+  Vol. 3.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Passeri, Istoria Delle Pitture in Majolica</span>.
+  Pesaro, 1838; or any other Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Naval Chronicle</span>, any or all of the odd books
+  of the first 12 Vols.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Although we have this week enlarged our paper to 24 pages, we are
+  compelled to solicit the indulgence of many correspondents for the
+  postponement of many interesting</i> <span class="sc">Notes,
+  Queries</span>, <i>and</i> <span class="sc">Replies</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>C. H. P. <i>will find his query inserted. It was in type last week,
+  but only postponed from want of room. We have omitted his comment called
+  for by the omission of the words "fleet against the."</i></p>
+
+  <p>W. S. <i>The fine lines commencing,&mdash;</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"My mind to me a kingdom is,</p>
+      <p>Such perfect joy therein I find:"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>were written by Lovelace.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">F. B. Relton</span>. <i>The Satyr</i> on the Jesuits
+  <i>was written by John Oldham, and originally published in 1679.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Salopian</span>. <i>The tragedy of</i> The Earl of
+  Warwick <i>or</i> The King and Subject, <i>was translated from the French
+  of De la Harpe by Paul Heffernan.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cam</span>. <i>It appears from Brayley's</i>
+  Londiniana, iv. 5. <i>on the authority of Strype's</i> Stow. b. i. p.
+  287., <i>that Sir Baptist Hicks, afterwards Viscount Campden, was the son
+  of Robert Hicks, a silk mercer, who kept a shop in Cheapside, at Soper's
+  Lane End, at the White Bear. See also Cunningham's</i> Handbook of
+  London, <i>Art.</i> <span class="sc">Hicks' Hall</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>O. P. <i>The lines&mdash;</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Had Cain been Scot, God would have chang'd his doom,</p>
+      <p>Not forc't him wander, but confin'd him home."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>are from Cleveland's</i> Rebell Scott, <i>and would be found at p.
+  52 of Cleveland's Poems, ed. 1654.</i></p>
+
+  <p>H., <i>who asks whether any friend living in London would consult
+  books for him at the British Museum, and let him know the result, had
+  better specify more particularly what is the information he
+  requires.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Rusticus</span> <i>will find the information he seeks
+  in a Biographical Dictionary under the name</i> Sarpi.</p>
+
+  <p>L. J. <i>Blackstone</i> (Book iv. cap. 25.; vol. iv. p. 328. ed 1778)
+  <i>supposes that pressing a mute prisoner to death was gradually
+  introduced between 31 Edw. III and 8 Hen. IV. as a species of mercy to
+  the delinquent, by delivering him sooner from his torment.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Replies Received</span>. <i>"Love's Labour's
+  Lost"&mdash;Election of a Pope&mdash;Umbrellas&mdash;Signs on Chemists'
+  Bottles&mdash;Christmas Day&mdash;Four Events&mdash;A Coggeshall
+  Job&mdash;Denarius Philosophorum&mdash;Days of the Week&mdash;Hugh
+  Peters&mdash;Sun, stand thou still&mdash;Master John Shorne&mdash;Boiling
+  to Death&mdash;Wages in the last Century&mdash;Crossing Rivers on
+  Skins&mdash;Election of a Pope&mdash;Origin of Harlequins&mdash;Thomas
+  May&mdash;Prince of Wales' Motto&mdash;Ten Commandments&mdash;Tract on
+  the Eucharist.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Vols.</span> I. <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very
+  copious Index, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by
+  order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any
+  difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers,
+  &amp;c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will
+  enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>
+  <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street. <!-- Page 200 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page200"></a>{200}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3>NEW BOOKS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JUST PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER, AND CO.
+
+<p class="cenhead">I.</p>
+
+  <p>THE STONES OF VENICE. Volume the First, <span class="sc">The
+  Foundations</span>. By <span class="sc">John Ruskin</span>, Esq., Author
+  of "Seven Lamps of Architecture," "Modern Painters," &amp;c. Imp. 8vo.
+  with 21 Plates and numerous Woodcuts, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> in embossed
+  cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>MILITARY MEMOIRS OF LIEUT.-COL. JAMES SKINNER, C.B., commanding a
+  Corps of Irregular Cavalry in the Hon. East India Company's Service. By
+  <span class="sc">J. Baillie Fraser</span>, Esq., 2 vols. post 8vo. with
+  Portraits, 21<i>s.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>THE BRITISH OFFICER; his Position, Duties, Emoluments, and Privileges.
+  By <span class="sc">J.&nbsp;H. Stocqueler</span>. 8vo. 15<i>s.</i> cloth
+  extra.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>ROSE DOUGLAS; or, the Autobiography of a Minister's Daughter. 2 vols.
+  post 8vo. 21<i>s.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">V.</p>
+
+  <p>A TRIP TO MEXICO; or, Recollections of a Ten Months' Ramble in
+  1849-50. By a <span class="sc">Barrister</span>. Post 8vo. 9<i>s.</i>
+  cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">Smith, Elder</span>, and <span class="sc">Co.</span>, 65. Cornhill.<br />
+Edinburgh: <span class="sc">Oliver</span> and <span class="sc">Boyd</span>. Dublin: <span class="sc">J. M<sup>c</sup>Glashan</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3>IN ANTICIPATION OF EASTER.</h3>
+
+  <p>THE SUBSCRIBER has prepared an ample supply of his well known and
+  approved SURPLICES, from 20<i>s.</i> to 50<i>s.</i>, and various devices
+  in DAMASK COMMUNION LINEN, well adapted for presentation to Churches.</p>
+
+  <p>Illustrated priced Catalogues sent free to the Clergy, Architects, and
+  Churchwardens by post, on application to</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Gilbert J. French</span>, Bolton, Lancashire.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Second Edition, now ready, price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE NUPTIALS OF BARCELONA.&mdash;A Tale of Priestly Frailty and
+  Spanish Tyranny. By <span class="sc">R.&nbsp;N. Dunbar</span>.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of
+  description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well calculated
+  to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of the
+  day."&mdash;<i>Sunday Times.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Saunders &amp; Otley</span>, Publishers, Conduit Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, foolscap 8vo. price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With Brief Accounts
+  of the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images
+  are most frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medieval
+  Symbols; and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an
+  archæological, not of a theological character; the Editor has not
+  considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of the
+  legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as
+  legends, and in general so much of them only as is necessary to explain
+  why particular emblems were used with a particular saint, or why Churches
+  in a given locality are named after this or that
+  saint."&mdash;<i>Preface.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">John Henry Parker</span>, Oxford and London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+  <p>THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD
+  1851. Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a
+  List of the Foundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together
+  with an Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them.
+  Post 8vo. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">John Henry Parker</span>, 377. Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, imperial 4to., price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>OUTLINE SKETCHES OF OLD BUILDINGS IN BRUGES. By <span class="sc">E. S.
+  Cole</span>. 15 Plates.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">George Bell</span>, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">In a few days, royal 8vo., cloth, price 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE SEVEN PERIODS OF ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. Defined and
+  Illustrated by <span class="sc">Edmund Sharpe, M.A.</span>, Architect,
+  M.I.B.A. An Elementary Work showing at a single glance the different
+  Changes through which our National Architecture passed, from the
+  Heptarchy to the Reformation. Twelve Steel Engravings and Woodcuts.</p>
+
+  <p>Each Period, except the First, is illustrated by portions of the
+  Interior and the Exterior of one of our Cathedral Churches of
+  corresponding date, beautifully engraved on Steel, so presented as to
+  enable the Student to draw for himself a close comparison of the
+  characteristic features which distinguish the Architecture of each of the
+  <span class="sc">Seven Periods</span>, and which are of so striking and
+  simple a nature as to prevent the possibility of mistake.</p>
+
+  <p>The First, or Saxon Period, contains so few buildings of interest or
+  importance, as to render its comparative illustration unnecessary, if not
+  impossible.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">George Bell</span>, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just ready, 8vo., cloth, price 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. Containing to Seven Places of Decimals,
+  natural Numbers, answering to all Logarithms from 0001 to 99999; and an
+  improved Table of Gauss's Logarithms, by which may be found the Logarithm
+  to the sum or difference of Two Quantities where Logarithms are given:
+  preceded by an Introduction, containing also the History of Logarithms,
+  their Construction, and the various Improvements made therein since their
+  invention. By <span class="sc">Herschell E. Filipowski</span>. Second
+  edition, revised and corrected.</p>
+
+  <p>The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype plates of
+  these tables, (published a few months ago at 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>,) is
+  enabled to offer a corrected edition at the above reduced price.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of
+  Anti-Logarithms and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his
+  proposed table of Annuities for three lives, constructed from the
+  Carlisle Table.</p>
+
+  <p>"The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished,
+  in extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique
+  among modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this
+  being supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without
+  qualification.</p>
+
+  <p>"The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of
+  opinion. I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease, as
+  I have found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other
+  tables, and particularly with other <span class="scac">FIVE-FIGURE</span>
+  tables, of the same kind, will recommend it. I desire to confine myself
+  to testifying to the facility with which this table can be used:
+  comparison with other forms, as to <span class="scac">RELATIVE</span>
+  facility, being out of the question on so short a trial.</p>
+
+  <p>"On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion
+  to say anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well
+  aware how much it is wanted. <span class="sc">A. de Morgan</span>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">George Bell</span>, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Choice Engravings, Drawings, and Paintings.</p>
+
+  <p>PUTTICK <span class="scac">AND</span> SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary
+  Property, will SELL by AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Picadilly, on
+  THURSDAY next, March 13, and following day, a collection of choice
+  engravings, mostly of the English School, the property of a gentleman,
+  comprising choice proofs of Woollett; a series of the works of Joshua
+  Reynolds, all brilliant proofs; Müller's Madonna di San Sisto, a very
+  early proof; Charles II. by Farthorne, extra rare, a splendid proof; and
+  many other choice proofs of the works of English and Foreign Artists.
+  Catalogues will be sent on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">This day is published, Part I., 4to., price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ILLUSTRATIONS OF MEDIEVAL COSTUMES in England, collected from MSS. in
+  the British Museum, Bibliothèque de Paris, &amp;c. By <span
+  class="sc">T.&nbsp;A. Day</span> and <span class="sc">J.&nbsp;B. Dines</span>. To
+  be completed in Six Monthly Parts.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">T. Bosworth</span>, 215. Regent Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New
+  Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride,
+  in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George
+  Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in
+  the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+  aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, March 8. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8,
+1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 26, 2007 [EBook #23205]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{177}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 71.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 8. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+
+  On Two Passages in "All's Well that Ends Well," by
+  S. W. Singer                                                177
+
+  George Herbert and the Church of Leighton Bromswold         178
+
+  Folk Lore:--Sacramental Wine--"Snail, Snail, come
+  out of your Hole"--Nievie-nick-nack                         179
+
+  Records at Malta                                            180
+
+  On an Ancient MS. of "Bedae Historia Ecclesiastica"          180
+
+  Minor Queries:--The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes--
+  Writing-paper--Little Casterton (Rutland)
+  Church--The Hippopotamus--Specimens of Foreign
+  English--St. Clare--Dr. Dodd--Hats of Cardinals
+  and Notaries Apostolic--Baron Munchausen's Frozen
+  Horn--Contracted Names of Places                            181
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Bibliographical Queries                                     182
+
+  Enigmatical Epitaph                                         184
+
+  Shakspeare's "Merchant of Venice"                           185
+
+  Minor Queries:--Was Lord Howard of Effingham a
+  Protestant or a Papist?--Lord Bexley: how descended
+  from Cromwell--Earl of Shaftesbury--Family of
+  Peyton--"La Rose nait en un Moment"--John
+  Collard the Logician--Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan--
+  Haybands in Seals--Edmund Prideaux, and the
+  First Post-office--William Tell Legend--Arms of
+  Cottons buried in Landwade Church--Sir George
+  Buc's Treatise on the Stage--A Cracowe Pike--St.
+  Thomas of Trunnions--Paper mill near Stevenage--
+  Mounds, Munts, Mounts--Church Chests--The
+  Cross-bill--Iovanni Volpe--Auriga--To speak in
+  Lutestring--"Lavora, come se tu," &c.--Tomb of
+  Chaucer--Family of Clench                                   185
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Cranmer's Descendants                                       188
+
+  Dutch Popular Song-book, by J. H. van Lennep                189
+
+  Barons of Hugh Lupus                                        189
+
+  Shakspeare's "Antony and Cleopatra"                         190
+
+  "Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon!"                        191
+
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Harrison's
+  Chronology--Mistletoe on Oaks--Swearing by
+  Swans--Jurare ad caput animalium--Ten Children
+  at a Birth--Richard Standfast--"Jurat, crede minus"--
+  Rab Surdam--The Scaligers--Lincoln Missal--
+  By-and-bye--Gregory the Great--True Blue--
+  Drachmarus--The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex--
+  Red Hand--Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe--
+  Meaning of Waste-book--Deus Justificatus--
+  Touchstone's Dial--Ring Dials--Cockade--Rudbeck's
+  Atlantica, &c.                                              191
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      198
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                199
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                   199
+
+  Advertisements                                              200
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+ON TWO PASSAGES IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL."
+
+Among the few passages in Shakspeare upon which little light has been
+thrown, after all that has been written about them, are the following in
+Act. IV. Sc. 2. of _All's Well that Ends Well_, where Bertram is persuading
+Diana to yield to his desires:
+
+ "_Bert._ I pr'ythee, do not strive against my vows:
+    I was compell'd to her; but I love thee
+    By love's own sweet constraint, and will for ever
+    Do thee all rights of service.
+
+  _Dia._ Ay, so you serve us,
+    Till we serve you: but when you have our roses,
+    You barely leave our thorns to prick ourselves,
+    And mock us with our bareness.
+
+  _Bert._ How have I sworn?
+
+  _Dia._ 'Tis not the many oaths that make the truth;
+    But the plain single vow, that is vow'd true.
+    What is not holy, that we swear not by,
+    But take the Highest to witness: Then, pray you, tell me,
+    If I should swear by Jove's great attributes,
+    I love'd you dearly, would you believe my oaths,
+    When I did love you ill? this has no holding,
+    To swear by him _whom I protest to love_,
+    That I will work against him."
+
+Read--"_when_ I protest to _Love_."
+
+It is evident that Diana refers to Bertram's double vows, his marriage vow,
+and the subsequent vow or _protest_ he had made not to keep it. "If I
+should swear by Jove I loved you dearly, would you believe my oath when I
+loved you ill? This has no consistency, to swear by _Jove_, when secretly I
+protest to _Love_ that I will work against him (_i.e._ against the oath I
+have taken to Jove)."
+
+Bertram had _sworn by the Highest_ to love his wife; in his letter to his
+mother he says:
+
+    "I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the _not_
+    eternal:"
+
+he secretly _protests to Love_ to work against his sacred oath; and in his
+following speech he says:
+
+ "Be not so cruel-holy, Love is holy."
+
+He had before said:
+
+         "----do not strive against my vows:
+  I was compell'd to her; but I love thee
+  By Love's own sweet constraint:"
+
+clearly indicating that this must be the true sense of the passage. By
+printing _when_ for _whom_, and _Love_ with a capital letter, to indicate
+the personification, all is made clear. {178}
+
+After further argument from Bertram, Diana answers:
+
+ "I see that men _make ropes in such a scarre_
+  That we'll forsake ourselves."
+
+This Rowe altered to "make _hopes_ in such _affairs_," and Malone to "make
+_hopes_ in such _a scene_." Others, and among them Mr. Knight and Mr.
+Collier, retain the old reading, and vainly endeavour to give it a meaning,
+understanding the word _scarre_ to signify a _rock_ or _cliff_, with which
+it has nothing to do in this passage. There can be no doubt that "make
+_ropes_" is a misprint for "make _hopes_," which is evidently required by
+the context, "that we'll forsake ourselves." It then only remains to show
+what is meant by _a scarre_, which signifies here _anything that causes
+surprise or alarm_; what we should now write _a scare_. Shakspeare has used
+the same orthography, _scarr'd_, i.e. _scared_, in _Coriolanus_ and in
+_Winter's Tale_. There is also abundant evidence that this was its old
+orthography, indicative of the broad sound the word then had, and which it
+still retains in the north. Palsgrave has both the noun and the verb in
+this form: "_Scarre_, to _scar_ crowes, espouventail." And again, "I
+_scarre_ away or feare away, as a man doth crowes or such like; je
+escarmouche." The French word might lead to the conclusion that _a scarre_
+might be used for _a skirmish_. (See Cotgrave in v. Escarmouche.) I once
+thought we should read "in such a _warre_," _i.e._ conflict.
+
+In Minshen's _Guide to the Tongues_, we have:
+
+    "To SCARRE, videtur confictum ex _sono_ oves vel aliud quid abigentium
+    et terrorem illis incutientium. Gall. _Ahurir_ ratione eadem:" vi. _to
+    feare, to fright_.
+
+Objections have been made to the expression "make hopes;" but the poet
+himself in _King Henry VIII._ has "more than I dare _make faults_," and
+repeats the phrase in one of his sonnets: surely there is nothing more
+singular in it than in the common French idiom, "_faire des esperances_."
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GEORGE HERBERT AND THE CHURCH AT LEIGHTON BROMSWOLD.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 85.)
+
+I have great pleasure in laying before your readers the following
+particulars, which I collected on a journey to Leighton Bromswold,
+undertaken for the purpose of satisfying the Query of E. H. If they will
+turn to _A Priest to the Temple_, ch. xiii., they will find the points to
+which, with others, my attention was more especially directed.
+
+Leighton Church consists of a western tower, nave, north and south porches
+and transepts, and chancel. There are no aisles. As Prebendary of the
+Prebend of Leighton Ecclesia in Lincoln Cathedral, George Herbert was
+entitled to an estate in the parish, and it was no doubt a portion of the
+increase of this property that he devoted to the repairing and beautifying
+of the House of God, then "lying desolate," and unfit for the celebration
+of divine service. Good Izaak Walton, writing evidently upon hearsay
+information, and not of his own personal knowledge, was in error if he
+supposed, as from his language he appears to have done, that George Herbert
+almost rebuilt the church from the foundation, and he must be held to be
+incorrect in describing that part of it which stood as "so decayed, so
+_little_, and so useless." There are portions remaining earlier than George
+Herbert's time, whose work may be readily distinguished by at least four
+centuries; whilst at one end the porches, and at the other the piscina, of
+Early English date, the windows, which are of different styles, and the
+buttresses, afford sufficient proofs that the existing walls are the
+original, and that in size the church has remained unaltered for ages. As
+George Herbert new roofed the sacred edifice throughout, we may infer this
+was the chief structural repair necessary. He also erected the present
+tower, the font, put four windows in the chancel, and reseated the parts
+then used by the congregation.
+
+Except a western organ gallery erected in 1840, two pews underneath it, and
+one elsewhere, these parts, the nave and transepts, remain, in all
+probability, exactly as George Herbert left them. The seats are all
+uniform, of oak, and of the good old open fashion made in the style of the
+seventeenth century. They are so arranged, both in the nave and in the
+transepts, that no person in service time turns his back either upon the
+altar or upon the minister. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. 397.)
+The pulpit against the north, and the reading-desk, with clerk's seat
+attached, against the south side of the chancel-arch, are both of the same
+height, and exactly similar in every respect; both have sounding-boards.
+The font is placed at the west end of the nave, and, together with its
+cover, is part of George Herbert's work; it stands on a single step, and a
+drain carries off the water, as in ancient examples. The shallowness of the
+basin surprised me. A vestry, corresponding in style to the seats, is
+formed by a wooden inclosure in the south transept, which contains "a
+strong and decent chest." Until the erection of the gallery, the tower was
+open to the nave.
+
+The chancel, which is raised one step above the nave, is now partly filled
+with high pews, but, as arranged by the pious prebendary, it is believed to
+have contained only one low bench on either side. The communion table,
+which is elevated by three steps above the level of the chancel, is modern,
+as are also the rails. There is a double Early English piscina in the south
+wall, and an ambry in the north. A plain cross of the seventeenth century
+crowns the eastern gable of the chancel externally.
+
+No doubt there were originally "fit and proper {179} texts of scripture
+everywhere painted;" but, if this were so, they are now concealed by the
+whitewash. Such are not uncommon in neighbouring churches. No "poor man's
+box conveniently seated" remains, but there are indications of its having
+been fixed to the back of the bench nearest to the south door.
+
+The roof is open to the tiles, being, like the seats, Gothic in design and
+of seventeenth century execution. The same may be said of the tower, which
+is battlemented, and finished off with pinnacles surmounted by balls, and
+has a somewhat heavy appearance. But it is solid and substantial, and it is
+evident that no expense was spared to make it--so far as the skill of the
+time could make it--worthy of its purpose and of the donor. There are five
+bells. No. 1. has the inscription:
+
+ "IHS NAZARENVS REX IVDEORVM FILI DEI
+  MISERERE MEI : GEORGE WOOLF VICAR :
+  I : MICHELL : C : W : W : N. 1720."
+
+Nos. 2. 4. and 5. contain the alphabet in Lombardic capitals; but the
+inscription and date on each of them,--
+
+ "THOMAS NOBBIS MADE ME 1641"--
+
+show that they are not of the antiquity which generally renders the few
+specimens we have of alphabet bells so peculiarly interesting, but probably
+they were copied from the bells in the more ancient tower. No. 3. has in
+Lombardic capitals the fragment--
+
+ "ESME: CCATHERINA,"
+
+and is consequently of ante-Reformation date.
+
+The porches are both of the Early English period, and form therefore a very
+noticeable feature.
+
+On the external walls are several highly ornamented spouts, upon some of
+which crosses are figured, and upon one with the date "1632" I discovered
+three crests; but as I could not accurately distinguish what they were
+intended to represent, I will not run the risk of describing them wrongly.
+The wivern, the crest of the Herberts, did not appear; nor, so far as I
+could learn, does the fabric itself afford any clue to him who was the
+principal author of its restoration.
+
+The view from the tower is extensive, and, from the number of spires that
+are visible, very pleasing: fifteen or sixteen village churches are to be
+seen with the naked eye; and I believe that Ely Cathedral, nearly thirty
+miles distant, may be discovered with the aid of a telescope.
+
+ARUN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Sacramental Wine._--In a remote hamlet of Surrey I recently heard the
+following superstition. In a very sickly family, of which the children were
+troubled with bad fits, and the poor mother herself is almost half-witted,
+an infant newly born seemed to be in a very weakly and unnatural state. One
+of the gossips from the neighbouring cottages coming in, with a mysterious
+look said, "Sure, the babby wanted _something_,--a drop of the sacrament
+wine would do it good." On surprise being expressed at such a notion, she
+added "Oh! they often gives it." I do not find any allusion in Brand's
+_Antiquities_ to such popular credence. He mentions the superstition in
+Berkshire, that a ring made from a piece of silver collected at the
+communion (especially that on Easter Sunday) is a cure for convulsions and
+fits.
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+"_Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole_" (Vol. iii., p. 132.).--Your
+correspondent S. W. SINGER has brought to my recollection a verse, which I
+heard some children singing near Exeter, in July last, and noted down, but
+afterwards forgot to send to you:--
+
+ "Snail, snail, shut out your horns;
+    Father and mother are dead:
+  Brother and sister are in the back yard,
+    Begging for barley bread."
+
+GEO. E. FRERE.
+
+Perhaps it would not be uninteresting to add to the records of the
+"Snail-charm" (Vol. iii, p. 132.), that in the south of Ireland, also, the
+same charm, with a more fanciful and less threatening burden, was used
+amongst us children to win from its reserve the startled and offended
+snail. We entreated thus:--
+
+   "Shell a muddy, shell a muddy,
+      Put out your horns,
+    For the king's daughter is
+      Comings to town
+  With a red petticoat and a green gown!"
+
+I fear it is impossible to give a clue as to the meaning of the form of
+invocation, or who was the royal visitor, so nationally clothed, for whose
+sake the snail was expected to be so gracious.
+
+F. J. H.
+
+_Nievie-nick-nack._--A fire-side game, well known in Scotland; described by
+Jamieson, Chambers, and (last, though not least) John M^cTaggart. The
+following version differs from that given by them:--
+
+ "Nievie, nievie, nick, neck,
+  Whilk han will thou tak?
+  Tak the richt, or tak the wrang,
+  I'll beguile thee if I can."
+
+It is alluded to by Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's_, iii. 102.; _Blackwood's
+Magazine_, August, 1821, p. 37.
+
+Rabelais mentions _a la nicnoque_ as one of the games played by Guargantua.
+This is rendered by Urquhart _Nivinivinack: Transl._, p. 94. Jamieson
+(_Supp. to Scot. Dict._, sub voce) adds:
+
+    "The first part of the word seems to be from _Neive_, {180} the fist
+    being employed in the game. Shall we view _nick_ as allied to the E.
+    _v._ signifying 'to touch luckily'?"
+
+Now, there is no such seeming derivation in the first part of the word. The
+_Neive_, though employed in the game, is not the object addressed. It is
+held out to him who is to guess--the conjuror--_and it is he who is
+addressed_, and under a conjuring name. In short (to hazard a wide
+conjecture, it may be), he is invoked in the person of NIC NEVILLE (_Neivie
+Nic_), a sorcerer in the days of James VI., who was burnt at St. Andrew's
+in 1569. If I am right, a curious testimony is furnished to his quondam
+popularity among the common people:
+
+    "From that he past to Sanctandrois, where a notable sorceres callit
+    _Nic Neville_ was condamnit to the death and brynt," &c. &c.--_The
+    Historie and Life of King Jame the Sext_, p. 40. Edin. 1825. Bannatyne
+    Club Ed.
+
+J. D. N. N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RECORDS AT MALTA.
+
+Let me call _your_ attention, as well as that of your readers (for good may
+come from both), to an article in the December No. of the _Archaeological
+Journal_, 1850, entitled "Notice of Documents preserved in the Record
+Office at Malta;" an article which I feel sure ought to be more publicly
+known, both for the sake of the reading world at large, and the high
+character bestowed upon the present keeper of those records, M. Luigi
+Vella, under whose charge they have been brought to a minute course of
+investigation. There may be found here many things worthy of elucidation;
+many secret treasures, whether for the archaeologist, bibliopole, or herald,
+that only require your widely disseminated "brochure" to bring nearer to
+our own homes and our own firesides. It is with this view that I venture to
+express a hope, that a _precis_ of that article may not be deemed
+irregular; which point, of course, I must leave to your good judgment and
+good taste to decide, being a very Tyro in archaeology, and no book-worm
+(though I really love a book), so I know nothing of _their_ points of
+etiquette. At the same time I must, in justice to Mr. A. Milward (the
+writer of the notice, and to whom I have not the honour of being known),
+entreat his pardon for the plagiarism, if such it can be called, having
+only the common "reciprocation of ideas" at heart; and remain as ever an
+humble follower under Captain Cuttle's standard.
+
+One Corporal WHIP.
+
+    PRECIS of _Documents preserved in Record Office, Malta_.
+
+    Six volumes of Records, parchment, consisting of Charters from
+    Sovereigns and Princes, Grants of Land, and other documents connected
+    with the Order of St. John from its establishment by Pope Pascal II.,
+    whose original bull is perfect.
+
+    Two volumes of Papers connected with the Island of Malta before it came
+    into the possession of the Knights, from year 1397 to beginning of
+    sixteenth century.
+
+    A book of Privileges of the Maltese, compiled about 200 years ago.
+
+    Several volumes of original letters from men of note: among whom we may
+    mention, Viceroys of Sicily, Sovereigns of England. One from the
+    Pretender, dated 1725, from Rome; three from Charles II., and one from
+    his admiral, John Narbrough. Numerous Processes of Nobility, containing
+    much of value to many noble families; of these last, Mr. Vella has
+    taken the trouble of separating, all those referring to any English
+    families.
+
+    Also a volume of fifteenth century, containing the accounts of the
+    commanderies. This is a continuation of an older and still more
+    interesting volume, which is now in the Public Library.
+
+For further particulars, see _Archaelogical Journal_, December, 1850, p.
+369.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON AN ANCIENT MS. OF "BEDAE HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA."
+
+Some gentleman connected with the cathedral library of Lincoln may possibly
+be able to give me some information respecting a MS. copy of the _Historia
+Ecclesiastica_ of Beda in my possession, and of which the following
+circumstances are therein apparent:--It is plainly a MS. of great
+antiquity, on paper, and in folio. On a fly-leaf it has an inscription,
+apparently of contemporaneous date, and which is repeated in a more modern
+hand on the next page with additions, as follows:
+
+    "Hunc librum legavit Will[=m]s Dadyngton qu^odam Vicarius de Barton sup
+    humbre ecclie Lincoln ut e[=e]t sub custodia Vicecancellarii."
+
+Then follows:--
+
+    "Script[=u] p manus Nic[=o]i Belytt Vicecancellarii iiii^{to} die
+    m[=e]sis Octob^r Anno Dni milles[=i]mo q[=u]icentessimo decimoqu[=i]to
+    et Lr[=a] dnicalius G et Anno pp henrici octavi sexto."
+
+In the hand of John, father of the more celebrated Ralph Thoresby, is
+added:
+
+    "Nunc e Libris Jo[/h]is Thoresby de Leedes emp. Executor^{bus} Tho. Dni
+    Fairfax, 1673."
+
+Through what hands it may have passed since, I have no means of knowing;
+but it came into mine from Mr. J. Wilson, 19. Great May's Buildings, St.
+Martin's Lane, London, in whose Catalogue for December, 1831, it appeared,
+and was purchased by me for 3l. 3s.
+
+There it is conjectured to be of the twelfth century, and from the
+character there is no reason to doubt that antiquity. It is on paper, and
+has been ill-used. It proceeds no farther than into lib. v. c. xii.,
+otherwise, from the beginning complete. The different public libraries of
+the country abound in MSS. of this book. It is probable {181} that, under
+the civil commotions in the reign of Charles I. the MS. in my possession
+came into the hands of General Fairfax, and thence into those of John
+Thoresby: so that no blame can possibly attach to the present, or even some
+past, generations, of the curators of any library, whether cathedral or
+private. It is, at all events, desirable to trace the pedigree of existing
+MSS. of important works, where such information is attainable.
+
+Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to inform me what became of
+the library of Ralph Thoresby; for into his possession, there can be little
+doubt, it came from his father.
+
+J. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes._--In the cabinet of a lover of
+_Folk-lore_ are two quaint and humble memorials by which two "inglorious
+Miltons" have perpetuated their affection, each in characteristic sort. The
+one was a potter; the other, probably, a shepherd. The "pignus amoris" of
+the former is a small earthenware vessel in the shape of a book, intended
+apparently to hold a "nosegay" of flowers. The book has yellow clasps, and
+is authentically inscribed on its sides, thus:
+
+ "The. Love. Is. True.
+  That. I. owe. You.
+  Then. se. you. Bee.
+  The. Like. To. Mee.
+
+  (_On the other side._)
+
+ "The. Gift. Is. Small.
+  Good. will. Is. all.
+  Jeneuery. y^e 12 day.
+        1688."
+
+The shepherd's love gift is a wooden implement, very neatly carved, and
+intended to hold knitting-needles. On the front it has this couplet:
+
+ "WHEN THIS YOV SEE.
+  REMEMBER MEE. MW.
+
+      (_On one side._)
+
+      MW. 1673."
+
+To an uninformed mind these sincere records of honest men seem as much
+"signs of the times" as the perfumed sonnets dropped by expiring swains
+into the vases of "my lady Betty," and "my lady Bab," with a view to
+publication.
+
+H. G. T.
+
+_Writing-paper._--I have long been subject to what, in my case, I feel to
+be a serious annoyance. For the last twenty years I have been unable to
+purchase any letter-paper which I can write upon with comfort and
+satisfaction. At first, I was allowed to choose between plain and
+hot-pressed; but now I find it impossible to meet with any, which is not
+glazed or smeared over with some greasy coating, which renders it very
+disagreeable for use with a common quill--and I cannot endure a steel pen.
+My style of writing, which is a strong round Roman hand, is only suited for
+a quill.
+
+Can any of your correspondents put me in the way of procuring the good
+honest letter-paper which I want? I have in vain applied to the stationers
+in every town within my reach. Would any of the paper-mills be disposed to
+furnish me with a ream or two of the unglazed, plain, and unhotpressed
+paper which I am anxious to obtain?
+
+Whilst I am on this subject, I will take occasion to lament the very great
+inferiority of the paper generally which is employed in printing books. It
+may have a fine, glossy, smooth appearance, but its texture is so poor and
+flimsy, that it soon frays or breaks, without the greatest care; and many
+an immortal work is committed to a miserably frail and perishable material!
+
+A comparison of the books which were printed a century ago, with those of
+the present day, will, I conceive, fully establish the complaint which I
+venture to make; and I would particularly remark upon the large Bibles and
+Prayer Books which are now printed at the Universities for the use of our
+churches and chapels, which are exposed to much wear and tear, and ought,
+therefore, to be of more substantial and enduring texture, but are of so
+flimsy, brittle, and cottony a manufacture, that they require renewing
+every three or four years.
+
+"LAUDATOR TEMPORIS ACTI."
+
+_Little Casterton (Rutland) Church._--Within the communion rails in the
+church of Little Casterton, Rutland, there lies in the pavement (or did
+lately) a stone, hollowed out like the basin or drain of a piscina, which
+some church-hunters have supposed to be a piscina, and have noticed as a
+great singularity. The stone, however, did not originally belong to this
+church; it was brought from the neighbouring site of the desecrated church
+of Pickworth, by the late Reverend Richard Twopeny, who held the rectory of
+Little Casterton upwards of sixty years; he had long seen it lying
+neglected among the ruins, and at length brought it to his own church to
+save it from destruction.
+
+It may be interesting to some of your readers to learn that in the chancel
+of Little Casterton are monumental brasses of an armed male and a female
+figure, the latter on the sinister side, with the following inscription in
+black letter:--
+
+    "Hic jacet D[=n]s Thomas Burto[=n] miles quondam d[=u]s de Tolthorp ac
+    ecclesiae.... patronus qui obiit kalendas Augusti.... d[=n]a Margeria
+    uxor ejus sinistris quor[um], a[=i]abus ppicietur deus amen."
+
+R. C. H.
+
+_The Hippopotamus_ (Vol. ii., pp. 35. 277.).--I can refer your
+correspondent L. (Vol. ii, p. 35.) to one more example of a Greek writer
+using the word [Greek: hippopotamos], viz., the Hieroglyphics of Horapollo
+Nilous, lib. i. 56. (I quote from the edition by A. T. Cory. Pickering,
+1840): {182}
+
+    "[Greek: Adikon de kai achariston, hippopotamou onuchas duo, kato
+    blepontas, graphousin]."
+
+He there mentions the idea of the animal contending against his father,
+&c.; and as he flourished in the beginning of the fifth century, it is
+probable that he is the source from which Damascius took the story.
+
+I have in my cabinet a large brass coin of the Empress Ptacilia Severa,
+wife of Philip, on which is depicted the Hippopotamus, with the legend
+SAECVLARES. AVGG., showing it to have been exhibited at the saecular games.
+
+E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Specimens of Foreign English._--Several ludicrous examples have of late
+been communicated (see Vol. ii., pp. 57. 138.), but none, perhaps,
+comparable with the following, which I copied about two years since at
+Havre, from a Polyglot advertisement of various Local Regulations, for the
+convenience of persons visiting that favourite watering-place. Amongst
+these it was stated that--
+
+    _"Un arrangement peut se faire avec le pilote, pour de promenades a
+    rames."_
+
+Of this the following most literal version was enounced,--
+
+    "One arrangement can make himself with the pilot for the walking with
+    _roars_" (sic).
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+_St. Clare._--In the interesting and amusing volume of _Rambles beyond
+Railways_, M. W. Wilkie Collins has attributed the church of St. Cleer in
+Cornwall, with its Well and ruined Oratory, to St. Clare, the heroic Virgin
+of Assisi; but in the elegant and useful _Calendar of the Anglican Church_,
+the same church is ascribed to St. Clair, the Martyr of Rouen. My own
+impression is, that the latter is correct; but I note the circumstance,
+that some of your readers better informed than myself, may be enabled to
+answer the Query, which is the right ascription? When Mr. Collins alluded
+to the fate of Bishop Hippo, devoured by rats, I presume he means Bishop
+Hatto, commemorated in the "Legends of the Rhine."
+
+BERIAH BOTFIELD.
+
+  Norton Hall, Feb. 14. 1851.
+
+_Dr. Dodd._--On the 13th February, 1775, Dr. Dodd was inducted to the
+vicarage of Wing, Bucks, on the presentation of the Earl of Chesterfield.
+On the 8th February, 1777, he was arrested for forging the Earl's bond. Dr.
+Dodd never resided at Wing; but, during the short period he held the
+living, he preached there four times. The tradition of the parish is, that
+on those occasions he preached from the following texts; all of them
+remarkable, and the second and fourth especially so with reference to the
+subsequent fate of the unhappy man, whose feelings they may reasonably be
+supposed to embody.
+
+The texts are as follows:--
+
+    1 _Corinthians_ xvi. 22. "If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ,
+    let him be Anathema Maran-atha."
+
+    _Micah_ vii. 8. "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; when I fall, I
+    shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the Lord shall be a light unto
+    me."
+
+    _Psalm_ cxxxix. 1, 2. "O Lord, thou hast searched me and known me. Thou
+    knowest my down-sitting and mine up-rising, thou understandest my
+    thought afar off."
+
+    _Deuteronomy_ xxviii. 65, 66, 67. "And among these nations thou shalt
+    find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest; but the
+    Lord shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and
+    sorrow of mind: and thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou
+    shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: In
+    the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou
+    shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart
+    wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou
+    shalt see."
+
+Q. D.
+
+_Hats of Cardinals and Notaries Apostolic_ (Vol. iii. p. 169.).--An
+instance occurs in a MS. in this college (L. 10. p. 60.) circa temp. Hen.
+VIII., of the arms of "Doctor Willm. Haryngton, prothonotaire apostolik,"
+ensigned with a black hat, having three tassels pendant on each side: these
+appendages, however, are somewhat different to those attached to the
+Cardinal's hat, the cords or strings not being _fretty_. I have seen
+somewhere a series of arms having the same insignia; but, at present, I
+cannot say where.
+
+THOS WM. KING, YORK HERALD.
+
+  College of Arms, Feb. 17. 1851.
+
+_Baron Munchausen's Frozen Horn._--
+
+    "Till the Holy Ghost came to thaw their memories, that the words of
+    Christ, like the voice in Plutarch that had become frozen, might at
+    length become audible."--Hammond's _Sermons_, xvii.
+
+These were first published in 1648.
+
+E. H.
+
+_Contracted Names of Places._--Kirton for Crediton, Devon; Wilscombe for
+Wiveliscombe, Somersetshire; Brighton for Brighthelmstone, Sussex; Pomfret
+for Pontefract, Yorkshire; Gloster for Gloucester.
+
+J. W. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.
+
+(_Continued from_ Vol. iii., p. 139.)
+
+(43.) Is there any valid reason for not dating the publication of some of
+Gerson's treatises at Cologne earlier than the year 1470? and if good cause
+cannot be shown for withholding from them so high a rank in the scale of
+typographic being, must we not instantly reject every effort to extenuate
+Marchand's obtuseness in asserting with reference to Ulric Zell, "On ne
+voit des editions de ce Zell qu'en 1494?" (_Hist. de l'Imp._, p. 56.) {183}
+Schelhorn's opinion as to the birthright of these tracts is sufficient to
+awaken an interest concerning them, for he conceived that they should be
+classed among the earliest works executed with cut moveable characters.
+(_Diat. ad Card. Quirini lib._, p. 25. Cf. Seemiller, i. 105.) So far as I
+can judge, an adequate measure of seniority has not been generally assigned
+to these Zellian specimens of printing, if it be granted "Coloniam
+Agrippinam post Moguntinenses primum recepisse artem." (Meerman, ii. 106.)
+This writer's representation, in his ninth plate, of the type used in 1467,
+supplies us with ground for a complete conviction that these undated
+Gersonian manuals are at least as old as the _Augustinus de singularitate
+clericorum_. But why are they not older? Is there any document which has a
+stronger conjectural claim? Van de Velde's _Catalogue_, tome i. Gand, 1831,
+contains notices of some of them; and one volume before me has the first
+initial letter principally in blue and gold, the rest in red, and all
+elaborated with a pen. The most unevenly printed, and therefore, I suppose,
+the primitial gem, is the _Tractatus de mendicitate spirituali_, in which
+not only rubiform capitals, but whole words, have been inserted by a
+chirographer. It is, says Van de Velde, (the former possessor,) on the
+fly-leaf, "sans chiffres et reclames, en longues lignes de 27 lignes sur
+les pages entieres." The full stop employed is a sort of twofold,
+recumbent, circumflex or caret; and the most eminent watermark in the paper
+is a Unicorn, bearing a much more suitable antelopian weapon than is that
+awkwardly horizontal horn prefixed by Dr. Dibdin to the Oryx in profile
+which he has depicted in plate vi. appertaining to his life of Caxton:
+_Typographical Antiquities_, vol. i.
+
+(44.) Wherein do the ordinary _Hymni et Sequentiae_ differ from those
+according to the use of Sarum? Whose is the oldest _Expositio_ commonly
+attached to both? and respecting it did Badius, in 1502, accomplish much
+beyond a revision and an amendment of the style? Was not Pynson, in 1497,
+the printer of the folio edition of the Hymns and Sequences entered in Mr.
+Dickinson's valuable _List of English Service-Books_, p. 8.; or is there
+inaccuracy in the succeeding line? Lastly, was the titular woodcut in
+Julian Notary's impression, A.D. 1504 (Dibdin, ii. 580.), derived from the
+decoration of the _Hymnarius_, and the _Textus Sequentiarum cum optimo
+commento_, set forth at Delft by Christian Snellaert, in 1496? From the
+first page of the latter we receive the following accession to our
+philological knowledge:
+
+    "Diabolus dicitur a _dia_, quod est duo, et _bolos_ morsus; quasi
+    dupliciter mordens; quia laedit hominem in corpore et anima."
+
+(45.) (1.) In what edition of the Salisbury Missal did the amusing errors
+in the "Ordo Sponsalium" first occur; and how long were they continued? I
+allude to the husband's obligation, "to haue and to holde fro thys day
+_wafor beter_ for wurs," &c., and to the wife's prudential promise, "to
+haue et to holde _for thys day_." (2.) Are there any vellum leaves in any
+copy in England of the folio impression very beautifully printed _en rouge
+et noir_ "in alma Parisiorum academia," die x. Kal. April, 1510?
+
+(46.) On the 11th of last month (Jan.) somebody advertised in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" for _Foxes and Firebrands_. In these days of trouble and rebuke,
+when (if we may judge from a recent article savouring of Neal's second
+volume) it seems to be expected that English gentlemen will, in a Magazine
+that bears their name, be pleased with a rechauffe of democratic obloquy
+upon the character of the great reformer of their church, and will look
+with favour upon _Canterburies Doome_, would it not be desirable that
+Robert Ware's (and Nalson's) curious and important work should be
+republished? If a reprint of it were to be undertaken, I would direct
+attention to a copy in my possession of "The Third and Last Part," Lond.
+1689, which has many alterations marked in MS. for a new edition, and which
+exhibits the autograph of Henry Ware.
+
+(47.) Was COHAUSEN the composer of "Clericus Deperrucatus; sive, in
+fictitiis Clericorum Comis moderni seculi ostensa et explosa Vanitas: Cum
+Figuris: Autore ANNOEO RHISENNO VECCHIO, Doctore Romano-Catholico," printed
+at Amsterdam, and inscribed to Pope Benedict XIII.? One of the
+well-finished copperplates, page 12., represents "_Monsieur l'Abbe prenant
+du Tabac_."
+
+(48.) Where can a copy of the earliest edition of the _Testamentum XII.
+Patriarcharum_ be found? for if one had been easily obtainable, Grabe,
+Cave, Oudin, and Wharton (_Ang. Sac._ ii. 345.) would not have treated the
+third impression as the first; and let it be noted by the way that "Clerico
+_Elichero_" in Wharton must be a mistake for "Clerico _Nicolao_." Moreover,
+how did the excellent Fabricius (_Bibl. med. et inf. Latin._, and also
+_Cod. Pseudepig. V. T._, i. 758.) happen to connect Menradus Moltherus with
+the _editio princeps_ of 1483? It is certain that this writer's letter to
+Secerius, accompanying a transcript of Bishop Grossetete's version, which
+immediately came forth at Haguenau, was concluded "postridie Non. Januar.
+M.D.XXXII."
+
+(49.) (1.) Who was the bibliopolist with whom originated the pernicious
+scheme of adapting newly printed title-pages to books which had had a
+previous existence? Sometimes the deception may be discerned even at a
+glance: for example, without the loss of many seconds, and by the aspect of
+a single letter, (the long s,) we can perceive the falsehood of the
+imprint, "Parisiis, apud Paul Mellier, 1842," together with "S.-Clodoaldi,
+e typographeo Belin-Mandar," grafted upon tome i. {184} of the Benedictine
+edition of S. Gregory Nazianzen's works, which had been actually issued in
+1778. Very frequently, however, the comparison of professedly different
+impressions requires, before they can be safely pronounced to be identical,
+the protracted scrutiny of a practised eye. An inattentive observer could
+not be conscious that the works of Sir James Ware, translated and improved
+by Harris, and apparently the progeny of the year 1764, (the only edition,
+and that but a spurious one, recorded in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_,)
+have been skilfully tampered with, and should be justly restored--the first
+volume to 1739, the second to 1745.
+
+(2.) We must admit that a bookseller gifted with mature sapience will very
+rarely, or never, be such an amateur in expensive methods of bamboozling,
+as to prefer having recourse to the title-page expedient, if he could
+flatter himself that his purpose would be likely to be effected simply by
+_doctoring the date_; and thus a question springs up, akin to the former
+one, How great is the antiquity of this timeserving device? At this moment,
+trusting only to memory, I am not able to adduce an instance of the
+depravation anterior to the year 1606, when Dr. James's _Bellum Papale_ was
+put forth in London as a new book, though in reality there was no novelty
+connected with it, except that the last 0 in 1600 (the authentic date) had
+been compelled by penmanship to cease to be a dead letter, and to germinate
+into a 6.
+
+(3.) If neither the judicious naturalisation of a title-page, nor the
+dexterous corruption of the year in which a work was honestly produced,
+should avail to eliminate "the stock in hand," _res ad Triarios
+rediit_--there is but one contrivance left. This is, to give to the
+ill-fated hoard _another name_; in the hope that a proverb properly
+belonging to a rose may be superabundantly verified in the case of an old
+book. What Anglo-Saxon scholar has not studied "_Divers Ancient
+Monuments_," revived in 1638? and yet perhaps scarcely any one is aware
+that the appellation is entirely deceptive, and that no such collection was
+printed at that period. The inestimable remains of AElfric, edited by L'Isle
+in 1623, and then entitled, "_A Saxon Treatise concerning the Old and New
+Testament_," together with a reprint of the "_Testimonie of Antiquitie_,"
+(sanctioned by Archbishop Parker in 1567,) had merely submitted to
+substitutes for the first two leaves with which they had been ushered into
+the world, and after fifteen years the unsuspecting public were beguiled.
+When was this system of misnomers introduced? and can a more signal
+specimen of this kind of shamelessness be mentioned than that which is
+afforded by the fate of Thorndike's _De ratione ac jure finiendi
+Controversias Ecclesiae Disputatio_? So this small folio in fours was
+designated when it was published, Lond. 1670; but in 1674 it became
+_Origines_ _Ecclesiasticae_; and it was metamorphosed into _Restauratio
+Ecclesiae_ in 1677.
+
+(50.) Dr. Dibdin (_Typ. Antiq._ iii. 350.) has thus spoken of a quarto
+treatise, _De autoritate, officio, et potestate Pastorum
+ecclesiasticorum_:--
+
+    "This very scarce book is anonymous, and has neither date, printer's
+    name, nor place; but being bound up with two other tracts of
+    Berthelet's printing _are my reasons_ for giving it a place here."
+
+The argument and the language in this sentence are pretty nearly on a par;
+for as misery makes men acquainted with dissimilar companions, why may not
+parsimony conglutinate heterogeneous compositions? I venture to deny
+altogether that the engraved border on the title-page was executed by an
+English artist. It seems rather to be an original imitation of Holbein's
+design: and as regards the date, can we not perceive what was meant for a
+modest "1530" on a standard borne by one of the boys in procession? In
+Simler's Gesnerian _Bibliotheca_ SIMON HESS (let me reiterate the question,
+Who was he?) is registered as the author; and of his work we read, "Liber
+impressus in Germania." This observation will determine its locality to a
+certain extent; and the tractate may be instantly distinguished from all
+others on the same subject by the presence of the following alliterative
+frontispiece:--
+
+ "Primus Papa, potens Pastor, pietate paterna,
+  Petrus, perfectam plebem pascendo paravit.
+  Posthabito plures populo, privata petentes,
+  Pinguia Pontifices, perdunt proh pascua plebis."
+
+R. G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH.
+
+In the church of Middleton Tyas, in the North Riding of the county, there
+is the following extraordinary inscription on the monument of a learned
+incumbent of that parish:--
+
+    "This Monument rescues from oblivion the Remains of the Rev. John
+    Mawer, D.D., late Vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18th, 1763, aged
+    60. The doctor was descended from the royal family of Mawer, and was
+    inferior to none of his illustrious ancestors in personal merit, being
+    the greatest linguist this nation ever produced. He was able to write
+    and speak twenty-two languages, and particularly excelled in the
+    Eastern tongues, in which he proposed to his Royal Highness Frederick
+    Prince of Wales, to whom he was firmly attached, to propagate the
+    Christian religion in the Abyssinian empire,--a great and noble design,
+    which was frustrated by the death of that amiable prince."
+
+Whitaker, after giving the epitaph verbatim in his _History of
+Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 234., says:
+
+    "This extraordinary personage, who may seem to have been qualified for
+    the office of universal interpreter to all the nations upon earth,
+    appears, {185} notwithstanding, to have been unaware that the Christian
+    religion, in however degraded a form, has long been professed in
+    Abyssinia. With respect to the royal line of Mawer I was long
+    distressed, till, by great good fortune, I discovered that it was no
+    other than that of old King Coyl."
+
+As I happen to feel an interest in the subject which disinclines me to rest
+satisfied with the foregoing hasty--not to say flippant explanation of the
+learned historian, I am anxious to inquire whether or not any reader of the
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" can throw light on the history, and especially the
+genealogy, of this worthy and amiable divine? While I have reason to
+believe that Dr. Mawer was about the last person in the world to have
+composed the foregoing eulogy on his own character, I cannot believe that
+the allusion to illustrious ancestors "is merely a joke," as Whitaker seems
+to imply; while it is quite certain that there is nothing in the
+inscription to justify the inference that the deceased had been "unaware
+that the Christian religion" had "long been professed in Abyssinia:"
+indeed, an inference quite the reverse would be quite as legitimate.
+
+J. H.
+
+  Rotherfield, Feb. 23. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S "MERCHANT OF VENICE"
+
+(Act IV. Sc. 1.).
+
+In the lines--
+
+ "The quality of Mercy is not strained,
+  It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven,
+  Upon the place beneath."
+
+What is the meaning of the word "strained?" The verb _to strain_ is
+susceptible of two essentially different interpretations; and the question
+is as to which of the two is here intended? On referring to Johnson's
+Dictionary, we find, amongst other synonymous terms, _To squeeze through
+something; to purify by filtration; to weaken by too much violence; to push
+to its utmost strength_. Now, if we substitute either of the two latter
+meanings, we shall have an assertion that "Mercy is not weakened by too
+much violence (or put to its utmost strength), but droppeth, as the gentle
+rain from heaven," &c., where it would require a most discerning editor to
+explain the connexion between the two clauses. If, on the other hand, we
+take the first two meanings, the passage is capable of being understood, if
+nothing else. Beginning with _to squeeze through something_; what would
+present itself to our ideas would be, that "Mercy does not fall in one
+continuous stream (as would be the case, if _strained_) on one particular
+portion of the earth, but expands into a large and universal shower, so as
+to spread its influence over the entire globe." This, however, though not
+absurd, is, I fear, rather forced.
+
+To come to the second explanation of _to purify_, which in my opinion is
+the most apt, I take it that Shakspeare intended to say, that "Mercy is so
+pure and undefiled as to require no cleansing, but falls as gently and
+unsullied as the showers from heaven, ere soiled by the impurities of
+earth."
+
+With these few remarks, I shall leave the matter in the hands of those
+whose researches into the English language may have been deeper than my
+own, with a hope that they may possess time and inclination to promote the
+elucidation of a difficulty in one of the most beautiful passages of our
+great national bard; a difficulty, by the way, which seems to have escaped
+the notice of all the editors and commentators.
+
+L. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Was Lord Howard of Effingham, who commanded in chief against the Spanish
+Armada, a Protestant or a Papist?_--On the one hand, it is highly
+improbable that Queen Elizabeth should employ a popish commander against
+the Spaniards.
+
+1. The silence of Dr. Lingard and other historians is also negatively in
+favour of his being a Protestant.
+
+But, on the other hand, it has been repeatedly asserted, in both houses of
+Parliament, that he was a Papist.
+
+2. It is _likely_, because his _father_ was the eldest son by his second
+wife of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk, and was created Baron Howard of
+Effingham by Queen Mary.
+
+3. Whatever his own religion may have been, he was contemporary with his
+cousin, Philip, Earl of Arundel, whom Camden calls the champion of the
+Catholics, and whose _violence_ was the cause of his perpetual
+imprisonment.
+
+4. The present Lord Effingham has recently declared that by blood he was
+(had always been?) connected with the Roman Catholics.
+
+Under these and _other_ circumstances, it is a question to be settled by
+_evidence_.
+
+C. H. P.
+
+  Brighton.
+
+_Lord Bexley--how descended from Cromwell?_--In the notice of the late Lord
+Bexley in _The Times_, it is stated that he was _maternally_ descended from
+Oliver Cromwell, the Protector, through the family of Cromwell's
+son-in-law, Ireton.
+
+Burke, in his _Peerage_, mentions that Henry Vansittart, father of Lord
+Bexley, was governor of Bengal (circa 1770), and that he married Amelia
+Morse, daughter of Nicolas Morse, governor of Madras.
+
+It would therefore appear that this said Nicolas Morse was a descendant of
+General Ireton. I wish to ascertain if this assumption be correct; and, if
+correct, when and how the families of Morse and Ireton became connected? If
+any of your correspondents can furnish information on this {186} subject,
+or acquaint me where I can find any account or pedigree of the Morse
+family, I shall feel much indebted to them.
+
+PURSUIVANT.
+
+_Earl of Shaftesbury._--I have read with great interest Lord Shaftesbury's
+letter to Le Clerc, published in No. 67. May I ask your correspondents
+JANUS DOUSA and Professor des Amories VAN DER HOVEN, whether the
+Remonstrants' library of Amsterdam contains any papers relating to the
+first Earl of Shaftesbury, which might have been sent by the third Earl to
+Le Clerc; and whether any notices or traditions remain in Amsterdam of the
+first Lord Shaftesbury's residence and death in that city? Any information
+relative to the first Earl of Shaftesbury will greatly oblige.
+
+CH.
+
+_Family of Peyton._--Admiral Joseph Peyton [Post-Captain, December 2,
+1757--Admiral, 1787--ob. 1804] was Admiral's First Captain in the fleet
+under Darby, at the relief of Gibraltar, 1781. He was son of Commodore
+Edward Peyton [Post-Captain, April 4, 1740], who is supposed to have gone
+over from England, and settled in America, and there to have died. I should
+be very glad of further particulars of these persons. Are my dates correct?
+How is this branch of the family (lately represented by John Joseph Peyton,
+Esq., of Wakehurst, who married a daughter of Sir East Clayton East, Bart.,
+and died in 1844, leaving four children minors) connected with the Baronets
+Peyton, of Iselham, or Dodington? Who was the father of the above
+Commodore? It may aid the inquiry to mention that this branch is related to
+the Grenfell family: William Peyton, second son of the above Admiral
+Joseph, having married a first cousin of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., M.P. for
+Great Marlow (who died in 1833).
+
+ACHE.
+
+"_La Rose nait en un Moment._"--I wish to learn the name of the author of
+the following verses, and where they are to be found. Any of your
+correspondents who can inform me shall receive my sincere thanks:--
+
+ "La Rose nait en un moment,
+  En un moment elle est fletrie;
+  Mais ce que pour vous mon coeur sent,
+  Ne finira qu'avec ma vie."
+
+T. H. K.
+
+  Malew, Man.
+
+_John Collard the Logician._--Could any of your correspondents tell me
+where I could find any account of _John Collard_, who wrote three treatises
+on Logic:--The first, under the name of _N. Dralloc_ (his name reversed),
+_Epitome of Logic_, Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1795; in his own name,
+_Essentials of Logic_, Johnson, 1796; and in 1799, the _Praxis of Logic_.
+He is mentioned as _Dralloc_ by Whately and Kirwan; but nobody seems to
+have known him as _Collard_ but Levi Hedge, the American writer on that
+subject. I made inquiry, some forty years ago, and was informed that he
+lived at Birmingham, was a chairmaker by profession, and devoted much of
+his time to chemistry; that he was known to and esteemed by Dr. Parr; and
+that he was then dead.
+
+At the close of his preface to his _Praxis_ he says,--
+
+    "And let me inform the reader also, that this work was not composed in
+    the pleasant tranquillity of retirement, but under such untoward
+    circumstances, that the mind was subject to continual interruptions and
+    vexatious distraction."
+
+Then he adds,--
+
+    "I have but little doubt but this _Praxis_ will, at some future period,
+    find its way into the schools; and though critics should at present
+    condemn what they have either no patience or inclination to examine, I
+    feel myself happy in contemplating, that after I am mouldered to dust,
+    it may assist our reason in this most essential part."
+
+B. G.
+
+  Feb. 20. 1851.
+
+_Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan._--Could any of your readers tell me
+where I might see a copy of _A List of the Sheriffs of County Glamorgan_,
+printed (privately?) by Rev. J. M. Traherne? I have searched the libraries
+of the British Museum, the Athenaeum Club, and the Bodleian at Oxford, in
+vain.
+
+EDMOND W.
+
+_Haybands in Seals._--I have, in a small collection of Sussex deeds, two
+which present the following peculiarity: they have the usual slip of
+parchment and lump of wax pendant from the lower edge, but the wax, instead
+of bearing an armorial figure, a merchant's mark, or any other of the
+numerous devices formerly employed in the authentication of deeds instead
+of one's chirograph, has neatly inserted into it a small wreath composed of
+two or three stalks of grass (or rather hay) carefully plaited, and forming
+a circle somewhat less in diameter than a shilling. The deeds, which were
+executed in the time of Henry the Seventh, relate to the transfer of small
+landed properties. I have no doubt that this diminutive _hayband_ was the
+distinctive mark of a grazier or husbandman who did not consider his social
+status sufficient to warrant the use of a more regular device by way of
+seal. I have seen a few others connected with the same county, and, if I
+recollect rightly, of a somewhat earlier date. I shall be glad to ascertain
+whether this curious practice was in use in other parts of England.
+
+M. A. LOWER.
+
+  Lewes.
+
+_Edmund Prideaux, and the First Post-office._--Polwhele, in his _History of
+Cornwall_, says, p. 139.:
+
+    "To our countryman Edmund Prideaux we owe the regular establishment of
+    the Post-office."
+
+{187}
+
+He says again, p. 144.:
+
+"Edmund Prideaux, Attorney-General to Oliver Cromwell, and _Inventor_ of
+the Post-office."
+
+Now the Edmund spoken of as Attorney-General, was of Ford Abbey, in
+Devonshire, and second son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton, in the
+said county, therefore could not be one of the Cornish branch.
+
+Query No. 1. Who was the Edmund Prideaux, his countryman, that regularly
+established the Post-office?
+
+Query No. 2. How were letters circulated before his time?
+
+Query No. 3. Was Edmund Prideaux the Attorney-General, the inventor of the
+Post-office, as he states; if not, who was?
+
+Query No. 4. Has any life of Edmund Prideaux as Attorney-General been
+published, or is any account of him to be found in any work?
+
+G. P. P.
+
+_William Tell Legend._--Could any of your readers tell me the true origin
+of the William Tell apple story? I find the same story told of--
+
+(1.) Egil, the father of the famous smith Wayland, who was instructed in
+the art of forging metals by two dwarfs of the mountain of Kallova.
+(Depping, _Mem. de la Societe des Antiquaires de France_, tom. v. pp. 223.
+229.)
+
+(2.) Saxo Grammaticus, who wrote nearly a century before Tell, tells nearly
+the same story of one Toko, who killed Harold.
+
+(3.) "There was a souldier called Pumher, who, daily through witchcraft,
+killed three of his enemies. This was he who shot at a pennie on his son's
+head, and made ready another arrow to have slain the Duke Remgrave (?
+Rheingraf), who commanded it." (Reginald Scot, 1584.)
+
+(4.) And Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudeslie.
+
+G. H. R.
+
+_Arms of Cottons buried in Landwade Church, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--Will
+JONATHAN OLDBUCK, JUN., oblige me by describing the family coat-armour
+borne by the Cottons mentioned in his Note? It may facilitate his inquiry,
+in which, by the way, I am much interested.
+
+R. W. C.
+
+_Sir George Buc's Treatise on the Stage._--What has become of this MS.? Sir
+George Buc mentions it in _The Third University of England_, appended to
+Stowe's _Annals_, ed. 1631, p. 1082.--
+
+    "Of this art [the dramatic] have written largely _Petrus Victorius_,
+    &c.--as it were in vaine for me to say anything of the art; besides,
+    that _I have written thereof a particular treatise_."
+
+If this manuscript could be discovered, it would doubtless throw
+considerable light upon the Elizabethan drama.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_A Cracowe Pike_ (Vol. iii., p. 118.).--Since I sent you the Query
+respecting a _Cracowe Pike_, I have found that I was wrong in supposing it
+to be a weapon or spear: for _Cracowe Pikes_ was the name given to the
+preposterous "piked shoes," which were fashionable in the reign of Richard
+II., and which were so long in the toes that it was necessary to tie them
+with chains to the knee, in order to render it possible for the wearer to
+walk. Stowe, in his _Chronicle_, tells us that this extravagant fashion was
+brought in by Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Richard II. But why were they
+called _Cracowe_ pikes?
+
+I. H. T.
+
+_St. Thomas of Trunnions._--Who was this saint, and why is he frequently
+mentioned in connexion with onions?
+
+ "Nay softe, my maisters, by _Saincte Thomas of Trunions_,
+  I am not disposed to buy of your _onions_."
+                  _Apius and Virginia_, 1575.
+
+ "And you that delight in trulls and minions,
+  Come buy my four ropes of hard _S. Thomas's onions_."
+                  _The Hog hath lost his Pearl_, 1614.
+
+    "Buy my rope of onions--white _St. Thomas's onions_," was one of the
+    cries of London in the seventeenth century.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Paper-mill near Stevenage_ (Vol. ii., p. 473.).--In your number for
+December 14, 1850, one of your correspondents, referring to Bartholomeus
+_de Prop. Rerum_, mentions a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of
+Hertford, as being probably the earliest, or one of the earliest,
+established in England. I should feel much obliged if your correspondent,
+through the medium of your pages, would favour me with any further
+particulars on this subject; especially as to the site of this mill, there
+being no stream within some miles of Stevenage capable of turning a mill. I
+have been unable to find any account of this mill in either of the county
+histories.
+
+HERTFORDIENSIS.
+
+_Mounds, Munts, Mounts._--In the parish register of Maresfield in Sussex,
+there is an entry recording the surrender of a house and three acres of
+land, called the "Mounds," in 1574, to the use of the parish; and in the
+churchwardens' accounts at Rye, about the same time, it is stated that the
+church of Rye was entitled to a rent from certain lands called "Mounts." In
+Jevington, too, there are lands belonging to the Earl of Liverpool called
+Munts or Mounts, but whether at any time belonging to the church, I am
+unable to say. Any information as to the meaning of the word, or account of
+its occurring elsewhere, will much oblige
+
+R. W. B.
+
+_Church Chests._--A representation of two knights engaged in combat is
+sometimes found on ancient church chests. Can any one explain the meaning
+of it? Examples occur at Harty Chapel, Kent, and Burgate, Suffolk. The
+former is mentioned in the _Glossary of Architecture_, and described as a
+carving: the latter is painted only, {188} and one of the knights is
+effaced: the other is apparently being unhorsed; he wears a jupon
+embroidered in red, and the camail, &c., of the time of Richard II.: a
+small shield is held in his left hand: his horse stoops its head,
+apparently to water, through which it is slowly pacing. Is this a subject
+from the legend of some saint, or from one of the popular romances of the
+middle ages? Are any other examples known?
+
+C. R. M.
+
+_The Cross-bill._--Is "The Legend of the Cross-bill," translated from
+Julius Mosen by Longfellow, a genuine early tradition, or only a fiction of
+the poet?
+
+2. Is the Cross-bill considered in any country as a sacred bird? and was it
+ever so used in architectural decoration, illumination, or any other works
+of sacred art?
+
+3. What is the earliest record on evidence of the Cross-bill being known in
+England?
+
+H. G. T.
+
+  Launceston.
+
+_Iovanni Volpe._--Can any of your readers supply a notice of IOVANNI VOLPE,
+mentioned in a MS. nearly cotemporary to have been
+
+    "An Italian doctor, famous in Queen Elizabeth's time, who went with
+    George Earl of Cumberland most of his sea voyages, and was with him at
+    the taking of Portorico?"
+
+Another MS., apparently of the date of James I., describes him as
+"physician to Queen Elizabeth."
+
+He had a daughter, Frances, widow of Richard Evers, Esq. ("of the family of
+Evers of Coventry"), who married, 2d November, 1601, Richard Hughes, Esq.,
+then a younger son, but eventually representative, of the ancient house of
+Gwerclas and Cymmer-yn-Edeirnion, in Merionethshire, and died 29th June,
+1636.
+
+M. N. O.
+
+_Auriga._--How comes the Latin word AURIGA to mean "a charioteer?"
+
+VARRO.
+
+_To speak in Lutestring._--1. Philo-Junius--that is, Junius himself--in the
+47th Letter, writes:
+
+    "I was led to trouble you with these observations by a passage which,
+    _to speak in lutestring_, I met with this morning, in the course of my
+    reading."
+
+Had the expression in Italics been used before by any one?
+
+2. In the 56th Letter, addressed to the Duke of Grafton, Junius asks:
+
+    "Is the union of _Blifil_ and _Black George_ no longer a romance?"
+
+What part of that story is here referred to?
+
+VARRO.
+
+"_Lavora, come se tu," &c._--In Bohn's edition of Jeremy Taylor's _Holy
+Living and Dying_, I observe in the notes several Italian sentences, mostly
+couplets or proverbs. One peculiarly struck me: and I should feel obliged
+if any of your readers could tell me whence it was taken, name of author,
+&c. The couplet runs thus (Vide p. 182. of the work):--
+
+ "Lavora, come se tu avessi a camper ogni hora:
+  Adora, come se tu avessi a morir allora."
+
+Indeed it would not be amiss, if _all_ the notes were marked with authors'
+names or other reference, as I find some few of the Latin quotations as
+well as the Greek, and _all_ the Italian ones, require a godfather.
+
+W. H. P.
+
+_Tomb of Chaucer._--Are any of the existing English families descended from
+the poet Chaucer? If so, might they not fairly be applied to for a
+contribution to the proposed restoration of his tomb? His son Thomas
+Chaucer left an heiress, married to De la Pole, Duke of Suffolk; but I have
+not the means of ascertaining whether any of their posterity are extant.
+
+C. R. M.
+
+_Family of Clench._--Can any of your readers supply me with the parentage
+and family of _Bruin Clench_ of St. Martin's in the Fields, citizen of
+London? He married Catharine, daughter of William Hippesley, Esq., of
+Throughley, in Edburton, co. Sussex; and was living in 1686. His christian
+name does not appear in the pedigrees of the Clinche or Clench family of
+Bealings and Holbrook, co. Suffolk, in the _Heralds' Visitations_, in the
+British Museum. His daughter married Roger Donne, Esq., of Ludham, co.
+Norfolk, and was the maternal grandmother of the poet Cowper.
+
+C. R. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CRANMER'S DESCENDANTS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 8.)
+
+Your correspondent may be interested to know, that Sir Anthony Chester,
+Bart., of Chichley, co. Bucks, married, May 21, 1657, Mary, dau. of Samuel
+Cranmer, Esq., alderman of London, and sister to Sir Caesar Cranmer, Kt., of
+Ashwell, Bucks. This Samuel Cranmer was traditionally the last male heir of
+the eldest of Cranmer's sons; his descent is, I believe, stated in general
+terms in the epitaphs of Lady Chester, at Chichley, and Sir Caesar Cranmer,
+at Ashwell. He was a great London brewer by trade, and married his cousin
+Mary (sister of Thomas Wood, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and Sir
+Henry Wood, Bart., of the Board of Green Cloth), dau. of Thomas Wood, Esq.,
+of Hackney, by his wife ---- Cranmer. They had only two children, and it
+would appear from Harleian MS. No. 1476. fo. 419., which omits all mention
+of Sir Caesar, that he died in his father's lifetime, and that Lady Chester
+was sole heiress to this branch of the Cranmers.
+
+There are two brief pedigrees I have seen of these Cranmers, one in Harl.
+MS. 1476. above {189} mentioned, the other in Philipot's _Catalogue of
+Knights_; but neither of them goes so far as to connect them with the
+archbishop, or even with the Nottinghamshire family; for they both begin
+with Samuel Cranmer's grandfather, who is described of Alcester, co.
+Warwick. Now the connexion is certain: could one of your readers supply me
+with the wanting links? Is it possible that they omit all mention of the
+archbishop on account of the prejudice mentioned by your correspondent;
+being able to supply the three generations necessary to gentility without
+him?
+
+I am obliged to write without any books of reference, or I would have
+consulted the epitaphs in question again.
+
+R. E. W.
+
+I am afraid that my quotations from memory, in my letter of Saturday, were
+_not exactly correct_; for on examining Lipscomb's _Buckinghamshire_
+to-day, I find that it is stated (vol. iv. pp. 4-7.) on the monument of
+Samuel Cranmer at _Astwood Bury_, that he was "descended in a direct line
+from Richard Cranmer, elder brother to Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury;"
+and that it was found, on an inquisition held on April 7, 1640, that his
+son and heir Caesar Cranmer (called on the monument "Sir Caesar Wood At^e
+Cranmer, Kt.") was his heir at six years of age. This Caesar was knighted by
+Charles II., and died unmarried; so that his sister, Lady Chester, was
+evidently the representative of this branch of the Cranmer family.
+
+Now, with regard to this statement on the monument, in the first place it
+is discrepant with Lady Chester's epitaph at Chichley, which (Lipscomb's
+_Bucks_, vol. iv. p. 97.) expressly declares that she derived her descent
+from the archbishop. In the next place it appears from Thoroton's _Notts_,
+that the archbishop had no elder brother named Richard. His elder brother's
+name was John; who by Joan, dau. of John Frechevill, Esq., had two sons,
+Thomas and _Richard_. Could this be the Richard alluded to? In the third
+place, in neither of the pedigrees alluded to is there given any connexion
+with the family of Cranmer of Aslacton. And, lastly, it is opposed to the
+uniform tradition of the family. Now, if any of your readers can clear up
+this difficulty, or will refer me to any other pedigree of the Cranmers, I
+shall feel extremely obliged to him.
+
+With the exception of the points now noticed, my former letter was
+perfectly correct, and may be relied on in every respect.
+
+I may mention that these Cranmers were from Warwickshire. The monument
+states that Samuel Cranmer was born at "Aulcester" in that county, "about
+the year 1575."
+
+R. E. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DUTCH POPULAR SONG-BOOK.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 22.)
+
+The second edition of the song-book mentioned by the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT
+must have been published between 1781 and 1810, as the many popular works
+printed for S. and W. Koene may testify. In 1798 they lived on the Linde
+gracht, but shifted afterwards their dwelling-place to the Boomstraat. For
+the above information--about a trifle, interesting enough to call a
+_hermit_ from his _memento-mori_ cogitations--I am indebted to the kindness
+of Mr. J. J. NIEUWENHUYZEN.
+
+But, alas! what can I, the man with a _borrowed name_ and borrowed
+learning, say in reply to the first Query of the busy anchorite? He will
+believe me, when I tell his reverence that I am _not_ JANUS DOUSA. What's
+in the name, that I could choose it? Must I confess? A token of grateful
+remembrance; the only means of making myself known to a British friend of
+my youth, but for whom I would perhaps never have enjoyed MR. HERMIT'S
+valuable contributions--the medium, in short, of being recognised
+incognito. Will this do? Or must I say, copying a generous correspondent of
+"NOTES AND QUERIES,"--Spare my blushes, I am
+
+J. H. VAN LENNEP.
+
+  Amsterdam, Feb. 25. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 87.)
+
+Your correspondent P. asks for information respecting the families and
+descendants of William Malbank and Bigod de Loges, two of the Barons of
+Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, whose signatures are affixed to the charter of
+foundation of St. Werburgh's Abbey at Chester.
+
+Of the descendants of William Malbank I can learn nothing; but it appears
+from the MS. catalogue of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that
+Roger and Robert de Loges possessed lordships in the district of Coutances
+in Normandy. One at least, Roger, must have accompanied the Conqueror to
+England (and his name appears in the roll of Battle Abbey as given by Fox),
+for we find that he held lands in Horley and Burstowe in Surrey. His widow,
+Gunuld de Loges, held the manor of Guiting in Gloucestershire of King
+William; and in the year 1090 she gave two hides of land to the monastery
+of Gloucester to pray for the soul of her husband. Roger had two sons,
+Roger and Bigod, or, as he is sometimes called, Robert. The former
+inherited the lands in Surrey. One of his descendants (probably his
+great-grandson) was high sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in the years 1267,
+1268, and 1269. His son Roger de Loges owned lands and tenements in Horley,
+called La Bokland, which he sold to the Abbot of {190} Chertsea. His
+successor, John de Logge of Burstowe, witnessed in the tenth year of Edward
+II. a deed relating to the transfer of land in Hadresham, Surrey. The name
+became gradually corrupted to Lodge.
+
+To return to the subject of inquiry, Bigod de Loges--
+
+    "held five tenements in Sow of the Earl of Chester, by the service of
+    conducting the said earl towards the king's court through the midst of
+    the forest of Cannock, meeting him at Rotford bridge upon his coming,
+    and at Hopwas bridge on his return. In which forest the earl might, if
+    he pleased, kill a deer at his coming, and another at his going back:
+    giving unto Loges each time he should so attend him a barbed arrow.
+    Hugo de Loges granted to William Bagot all his lands in Sow, to hold of
+    him the said Hugo and his heirs, by the payment of a pair of white
+    gloves at the feast of St. Michael yearly."--Dugdale.
+
+Bigod de Loges had two sons, Hugo and Odardus:
+
+    "Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Ranulphus de Meschines, Earl of
+    Chester, in the baronies of Stanyton, Wigton, Doudryt, Waverton,
+    Blencoyd, and Kirkbride, in the county of Cumberland; and the said
+    Odardus built Wigton church and endowed it. He lived until King John's
+    time. Henry I. confirmed the grant of the barony to him, by which it is
+    probable that he lived a hundred years. He had issue Adam. Adam had
+    issue Odard, the lord, whose son and heir, Adam the Second, died
+    without issue, and Odard the Fourth likewise," &c.--Denton's _MS._
+
+Of the branch settled in Staffordshire and Warwickshire--
+
+    "Hugo de Loges married, tempo Richard I., Margerie, daughter and
+    heiress of Robert de Brok. By this marriage Hugo became possessed of
+    the manor of Casterton in Warwickshire. He was forester of Cannock
+    chace. He had issue Hugo de Loges, of Chesterton, whose son and heir,
+    Sir Richard de Loges, died 21st of Edward I. Sir Richard had issue two
+    sons, Richard and Hugo. The eldest, Richard of Chesterton, left issue
+    an only daughter, Elizabeth, married to Nicholas de Warwick. The issue
+    of this marriage was John de Warwick, whose daughter and heiress,
+    Eleonora, married Sir John de Peto, and brought the manor of Chesterton
+    into that family."--Dugdale.
+
+M. J. T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S "ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA."
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 139.)
+
+The scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_ contains two expressions which are in
+_Henry VIII._--
+
+         "Learn this, Silius."
+ "Learn this, brother."--_Hen. VIII._
+
+         "The Captain's captain."
+ "To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen."--_Hen. VIII._
+
+The first of these passages is in a scene in _Henry VIII._, which MR.
+HICKSON gives to Fletcher (and of which, by-the-bye, it may be observed,
+that, like the scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_, it has nothing to do with
+the business of the play). The other is in a scene which he gives to
+Shakspeare.
+
+But, perhaps, there may be doubts whether rightly. I am exceedingly
+ignorant in Fletcher; but here is a form of expression which occurs twice
+in the scene, which, I believe, is more conformable to the practice of
+Fletcher:--
+
+ "_A_ heed was in his countenance."
+ "And force them with _a_ constancy."
+
+There is very great stiffness in the versification: one instance is quite
+extraordinary:
+
+                 "Yet I know her for
+  A spleeny Lutheran; and not wholesome to
+  Our cause, that she should lie i' the bosom of
+  Our hard rul'd king."
+
+There is great stiffness and tameness in the matter in many places.
+
+Lastly, what MR. HICKSON hopes he has taken off Shakspeare's shoulders, the
+compliments to the Queen and the King, is brought in here most forcedly:--
+
+ "She (_i.e._ A. Boleyn) is a gallant creature, and complete
+  In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her
+  Will fall some blessings to this land, which shall
+  In it be memoriz'd."
+
+But there is also the general question, whether, either upon _a priori_
+probability, or inferences derived from particular passages, we are bound
+to suppose that the two authors wrote scene by scene. Shakspeare might
+surely be allowed to touch up scenes, of which the mass might be written by
+Fletcher.
+
+As to the dates, MR. COLLIER is persuaded that _Henry VIII._ was written in
+the winter of 1603-4. The accession of James was in March, 1603. MR.
+COLLIER thinks that the compliments to Queen Elizabeth were not written in
+her lifetime. He thinks that, even in the last year of her long reign, no
+one would have ventured to call her an "aged princess," though merely as a
+way of saying that she would have a long reign; and he says, there is not
+the slightest evidence that the compliment to King James was an
+interpolation. But surely it is strong evidence that if there is no
+interpolation, this passage--
+
+                 "As when
+  The bird of wonder dies, the maiden phoenix,"
+
+afterwards--
+
+ "When Heav'n shall call her from this cloud of darkness,"
+
+and then, after disposing of the King--
+
+ "She shall be to the happiness of England
+  An aged princess     .    .    .
+      .    .    .    .    .    .
+  Would I had known no more--but she must die;
+  She must--the saints must have her yet a virgin," &c.
+
+{191} would be ridiculous. All that can be said is, that either way it is
+partly ridiculous to make it a matter of prophecy and lamentation that a
+human being must, sometime or other, die.
+
+But it is very difficult to conceive that the compliments to Elizabeth
+should have been written after her death.
+
+Fletcher, born in 1579, did not, in Mr. Dyce's opinion, bring out anything
+singly or jointly with Beaumont till 1606 or 1607.
+
+The irrelevant scenes, like that of Ventidius, are introduced with two
+objects--one to gain time, the other for the sake of naturalness: of the
+latter of which there are two instances in _Macbeth_; one where the King
+talks of the swallows' nests: the other, relating to the English king
+touching for the evil, seems remarkably suited to the mind of Shakspeare.
+
+C. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"SUN, STAND THOU STILL UPON GIBEON!"
+
+(JOSH. x. 12.)
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 137.)
+
+The observations of I. K. upon this passage have obviously proceeded from a
+praiseworthy wish to remove what has appeared to some minds to be
+inconsistent with that perfect truth which they expect to be the result of
+divine inspiration. I. K. doubtless believes that God put it into the heart
+of Joshua to utter a command for the miraculous continuance of daylight.
+But why should he expect the inspiration to extend so far as to instruct
+Joshua respecting the manner in which that continuance was to be brought
+about? Joshua was not to be the worker of the miracle. It was to be wrought
+by Him who can as easily stop any part of the stupendous machinery of His
+universe, as we can stop the wheels of a watch. Joshua was left to speak,
+as he naturally would, in terms well fitted to make those around him
+understand, and tell others, that the sun and moon, whom the defeated
+people notoriously worshipped, were so far from being able to protect their
+worshippers, that they were made to promote their destruction at the
+bidding of Joshua, whom God had commissioned to be the scourge of
+idolaters. And when the inspired recorder of the miracle wrote that "the
+sun stood still," he told what the eyes saw, with the same truth as I might
+say that the sun _rose_ before seven this morning. Inspiration was not
+bestowed to make men wise in astronomy, but wise unto salvation.
+
+Those who think that the inspired penman should have said "the earth stood
+still," in order to give a perfectly true account of the miracle, have need
+to be told, or would do well to remember, that the stopping of the diurnal
+revolution of the earth, in order to keep the sun and moon's apparent
+places the same, would not involve a cessation of its motion in its orbit,
+still less a cessation of that great movement of the whole solar system, by
+which it is now more than conjectured that the sun, the moon, and the earth
+are all carried on together at the rate of above 3700 miles in an hour; so
+that to say "the earth stood still" would be liable to the same objection,
+viz., that of not being astronomically true. I. K. carries his notion of
+the "inseparable connexion" of the sun "with all planetary motion" too far,
+when he supposes that a stoppage of the sun's motion round its own axis
+would have any effect on our planet. The note he quotes from Kitto's
+_Pictorial Bible_ is anything but satisfactory; and that from Mant is
+childishly common-place. Good old Scott adverts with propriety to the
+Creator's power to keep all things in their places, when the earth's
+revolution was stopped; but when he endeavoured to illustrate it by the
+little effect of a ship's _casting anchor when under full sail_, he should
+have consulted his friend Newton, who would have stopped such an
+imagination. Another commentator, Holden, has argued, in spite of the
+Hebrew, that "in the midst of heaven" cannot mean mid-day, having made up
+his mind that the moon can never be seen at that hour!
+
+Such helpers do but make that difficult which, if received in its
+simplicity, need neither perplex a child nor a philosopher.
+
+H. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. iii., p. 60.).--The late Bishop Butler's collection
+of manuscripts is in the British Museum. I send you a copy of the bishop's
+own description of the MS. (which should be called the _St. Gall MS._),
+from the printed Catalogue, which was prepared for a sale by auction,
+previous to the negociation with the trustees for the purchase of the
+collection for the nation.
+
+    "Acta Apostolorum. Epistolae Pauli et Catholicae cum Apocalypsi. Latine.
+    Saeculi IX. Upon Vellum. 4to.
+
+The date of this most valuable and important manuscript is preserved by
+these verses:
+
+ 'Iste liber Pauli retinet documenta sereni
+  Hartmodus Gallo quem contulit Abba Beato,
+  Si quis et hunc Sancti sumit de culmine Galli
+  Hunc Gallus Paulusque simul dent pestibus amplis.'
+
+Which I thus have tried to imitate:
+
+  Thys boke conteynes the doctrynes of Seynct Paull,
+  Hartmodus thabbat yeve yt to Seynct Gall;
+  Gyf any tak thys boke from hygh Seynct Gall,
+  Seynct Gall appall hym and Seynct Paull hym gall.
+
+Hartmodus was Abbot of St. Gall in the Grisons from A.D. 872 to 874. The
+MS. therefore may be earlier than the former, but cannot be later than the
+latter date. {192}
+
+This MS. is of the very highest importance. It contains the celebrated
+passage of St. John thus: 'Quia tres sunt, qui testimonium dant, Spliritus,
+aqua, et sanguis, et tres unum sunt. Sicut in coelo tres sunt, Pater,
+Verbum, et Spiritus, et tres unum sunt.' This most important word _Sicut_
+clearly shows how the disputed passage, from having been a Gloss crept into
+the text. And on the first page prior to the Seven Catholic Epistles is the
+Prologue of St. Jerome, bearing his name in uncials, which Porson and other
+learned men think spurious. See Porson's _Letters to Travis_, p. 290."--Bp.
+Butler's Manuscript Catalogue.
+
+H. Foss.
+
+  Rotherhithe, Jan. 29. 1851.
+
+_Harrison's Chronology_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--To the querist on William
+Harrison all lovers of bibliography are under obligations. At Oxford, amid
+the Bodleian treasures, he could not have had many questions to ask: at
+Thurles the case may be much otherwise, and he is entitled to a prompt
+reply.
+
+After examining the _Typographical Antiquities_ of Ames and Herbert, and
+various bibliographical works, relying also on my own memory as a collector
+of books for more than thirty years, I may venture to assert that the
+_Chronology_ of W. Harrison has never been printed. I can further assert
+that no copy of the work is recorded in the _Catalogi librorum
+manuscriptorum Angliae et Hiberniae_, Oxoniae, 1697.
+
+The best account of Harrison is given by bishop Tanner, in his _Bibliotheca
+Britannico-Hibernica_. Wood, however, should be consulted. With reference
+to the events of his life, it is important to observe that the date of his
+letter to sir William Brooke, which may be called an autobiography in
+miniature, is 1577.
+
+Assuming that this question could not escape the notice of other
+contributors, I had made no researches with a view to answer it, and shall
+be happy to remedy the defects of this scrap at a future time.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+_Mistletoe on Oaks_ (Vol. ii., pp. 163, 214.).--Is it ever found now on
+_other_ trees? Sir Thos. Browne (_Vulg. Err._ lib. ii. cap. vi. Sec. 3.) says,
+"We observe it in England very commonly upon _Sallow_, _Hazell_, and Oake."
+By-the-bye, DR. BELL (p. 163.) seems to adopt the belief, which it is
+Browne's object in the section referred to above to refute, viz., that
+"Misseltoe is bred upon trees, from seeds which birds let fall thereon."
+Have later observations shown that it was Browne himself who was in error?
+
+ACHE.
+
+_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--An instance of the cognate custom
+of swearing by pheasants is given by Michelet, _Precis de l'Histoire
+Moderne_ (pp. 19, 20.). On the taking of Constantinople by the Turks,--
+
+    "L'Europe s'emut enfin: Nicholas V. precha la croisade.... a Lille, le
+    duc de Bourgoyne fit apparaitre, dans un banquet, l'image de l'Eglise
+    desolee et, selon les rites de la chevalerie, jura Dieu, la Vierge, les
+    dames, et _le faisan_, qu'il irait combattre les infideles." (1454.)
+
+It seems, however, that in spite of all these formalities, the oath did not
+sit very heavily on the conscience of the taker: for we are told
+immediately after that--
+
+    "Cette ardeur dura peu.... le duc de Bourgoyne resta dans ses etats."
+
+Michelet gives, as his authority, Olivier de la Marche, t. viii. _De la
+Collection des Memoires relatifs a l'Hist. de France_, edit. de M. Petitot.
+
+X. Z.
+
+_Jurare ad caput animalium_ (Vol. ii., p. 392; Vol. iii., p.
+71.).--Schayes, a Belgic writer (in _Les Pays Bas avant et durant la
+Domination Romaine_, vol. ii. p. 73. et seq.), furnishes references to two
+councils, in which this mode of swearing was condemned, viz. Concil.
+Aurelianense (Orleans), A.D. 541, and Concil. Liptinense (Liptines or
+Lestines), 743. On the Indiculus Paganiarum of the latter he subjoins the
+commentaries of Des Roches (_Anc. Mem. de l'Acad. de Brux._), de Meinders
+(_de statu relig. sub Carolo M._, p. 144.), d'Eckart (_Francia Orient_,
+lib. i. p. 407.), de Canciani (_de Legibus barbaror._, tom. iii. p. 78.).
+The enquirer may also consult Riveli Opera on the Decalogue; Petiti,
+_Observ. Miscell._ lib. iv. c. 7.: "Defenditur Socrates ab improba
+Lactantii calumnia et de ejus jusjurando per _canem_:" and Alex. ab
+Alexandro, _Geniales Dies_, lib. v. c. 10.
+
+I may avail myself of this opportunity of noticing the misprint in p. 152.,
+_V_ezron for _P_ezron.
+
+T. J.
+
+_Ten Children at a Birth_ (Vol. ii., p. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 64.).--We are
+indebted to the obliging courtesy of the editor of the _Leeds Mercury_ for
+the following extract from that paper of the 9th October, 1781:--
+
+    "A letter from Sheffield, dated October 1, says, 'This day one Ann
+    Birch, formerly of Derby, who came to work at the silk-mills here, was
+    delivered of TEN children; nine were dead, and one living, which, with
+    the mother, is likely to do well.'"
+
+Our informant adds--
+
+    "I never heard of any silk-mills at Sheffield. If there was a Medical
+    Society in Sheffield then, its records might be examined."
+
+Can our correspondent N. D. throw any further light upon this certainly
+curious and interesting case?
+
+_Richard Standfast_ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--This divine is buried in Christ
+Church, Bristol; having been rector of that church for the long space of
+fifty-one years. There is a monument erected to his memory in the
+above-mentioned building, with the following inscription:-- {193}
+
+    "Near this place lieth the body of Richard Standfast, Master of Arts,
+    of Sidney College in Cambridge, and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to his Majesty
+    King Charles I., who for his loyalty to the King and stedfastness in
+    the established religion, suffered fourteen years' sequestration. He
+    returned to his place in Bristol at the restoration of King Charles
+    II., was then made prebendary of the cathedral church of Bristol, and
+    for twenty years and better (notwithstanding his blindness) performed
+    the offices of the church exactly, and discharged the duties of an
+    able, diligent, and orthodox preacher. He was Rector of Christ Church
+    upwards of fifty-one years, and died August 24, in the seventy-eighth
+    year of his age, and in the year of Our Lord 1681.
+
+      He shall live again."
+
+The following additional lines, composed by himself, were taken down from
+his own mouth two days before his death; and are, according to his own
+desire, inscribed on his tomb:--
+
+   "Jacob was at Bethel found,
+    And so may we, though under ground.
+    With Jacob there God did intend,
+    To be with him where'ver he went,
+    And to bring him back again,
+    Nor was that promise made in vain.
+  Upon which words we rest in confidence
+  That he which found him there will fetch us hence.
+  Nor without cause are we persuaded thus,
+  For where God spake with him, he spake with us."
+
+Besides the work your correspondent mentions, he wrote a book, entitled a
+_Caveat against Seducers_.
+
+J. K. R. W.
+
+  Feb. 22. 1851.
+
+"_Jurat, crede minus_" (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--This epigram was quoted by
+Sir Ed. Coke on the trial of Henry Garnet. The author I cannot tell, but
+F. R. R. may be glad to trace it up thus far.
+
+J. BS.
+
+_Rab Surdam_ (Vol. ii., p. 493.; Vol. iii., p. 42.).--May not "Rab Surdam"
+be the ignorant stone-cutter's version of "resurgam?"
+
+M. A. H.
+
+_The Scaligers_ (Vol. iii., p. 133.).--Everything relating to this family
+is interesting, and I have read with pleasure your correspondent's
+communication on the origin of their armorial bearings. I am, however,
+rather surprised to observe, that he seems to take for granted the
+relationship of Julius Caesar Scaliger and his son Joseph to the Lords of
+Verona, which has been so convincingly disproved by several writers. The
+world has been for some time pretty well satisfied that these two
+illustrious scholars were mere impostors in the claim they made, that
+Joseph Scaliger's letter to Janus Dousa was a very impudent affair. If your
+correspondent has met with any new evidence in support of their claim, it
+would gratify me much if he would make it known. Who would not derive
+pleasure from seeing the magnificent boast of Joseph proved at last to have
+been founded in fact:
+
+    "Ego sum septimus ab Imperatore Ludovico et Illustrissima Hollandiae
+    comite Margareta: septimus item a Mastino tertio, ut et magnus Rex
+    Franciscus, literarum parcus."
+
+and Scioppius's parting recommendation--
+
+    "Quid jam reliquum est tibi, nisi ut nomen commutes et ex Scalifero
+    fias Furcifer?"--_Scaliger Hypobolimaeus. Mogunt._, 1607, 4to., p. 74.
+    b.
+
+deprived of its force and stringency? I fear, however, that this is not to
+be expected.
+
+It is impossible to read Joseph Scaliger's defence of his own case in the
+rejoinder to Scioppius, _Confutatio fabulae Burdonum_, without observing
+that the author utterly fails in connecting Niccolo, the great-grandfather
+of Joseph, with Guglielmo della Scala, the son of Can Grande Secundo. And
+yet such is the charm of genius, that the _Confutatio_, altogether
+defective in the main point as a reply, will ever be read with delight by
+succeeding generations of scholars.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+  Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851.
+
+_Lincoln Missal_ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--It is clear that one of the most
+learned ritualists, Mr. Maskell, did not know of a manuscript of the
+Lincoln Use, else he would have noted it in his work, _The Ancient Liturgy
+of the British Church_, where the other Uses of Salisbury, York, Bangor,
+and Hereford, are compared together. In his preface to this work (p. ix.)
+he states--
+
+    "It has been doubted whether there ever was a Lincoln Use in any other
+    sense than a different mode and practice of chanting."
+
+MR. PEACOCK would probably find more information in the _Monumenta
+Ritualia_, to which Mr. Maskell refers in his preface.
+
+N. E. R. (A Subscriber.)
+
+_By and bye_ (Vol. iii., p. 73.).--Your correspondent S. S., in support of
+his opinion that _by the bye_ means "by the way," suggests that _good bye_
+may mean "bon voyage." I must say the commonly received notion, that it is
+a contraction of "God be wi' ye," appears to me in every way preferable. I
+think that in the writers of the Elizabethan age, every intermediate
+variety of form (such as "God b' w' ye," &c.) may be found; but I cannot at
+this moment lay my hand on any instance.
+
+In an ingenious and amusing article in a late Number of the _Quarterly_,
+the character of different nations is shown to be indicated by their
+different forms of greeting, and surely the same may be said of their forms
+of taking leave. The English pride themselves, and with justice, on being a
+peculiarly religious people: now, applying the above test,--as the
+Frenchman has his _adieu_, the Italian his _addio_, the Portuguese his
+_addios_, and the Spaniard his "vaya usted con _Dios_,"--it is to be
+presumed {194} that the Englishman, also, on parting from his friend, will
+commit him to the care of Providence. On the other hand, it must be
+admitted that the Germans, who, as well as the English, are supposed to
+entertain a deeper sense of religion than many other nations, content
+themselves with a mere "lebe-wohl." I should be obliged if some one of your
+readers will favour me with the forms of taking leave used by other
+nations, in order that I may be enabled to see whether the above test will
+hold good on a more extensive application.
+
+X. Z.
+
+_Gregory the Great._--This is clearly a mere slip of the pen in Lady
+Morgan's pamphlet. I I think it may confidently be asserted that Gregory
+VII. has not been thus designated habitually at any period.
+
+R. D. H.
+
+_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., p. 92.)--"The earliest connexion of the colour blue
+with truth" (which inquiry I cannot consider as synonymous with the
+original Query, Vol. ii., p. 494.) is doubtless to be traced back to one of
+the typical garments worn by the Jewish high priest, which was (see
+Godwyn's _Moses and Aaron_, London, 1631, lib. i. chap. 5.) "A robe all of
+blew, with seventy two bels of gold, and as many pomegranates, of blew,
+purple, and scarlet, upon the skirts thereof." He says that "by the bells
+was typed the sound of his (Christ's) doctrine; by the pomegranates the
+sweet savour of an holy life;" and, without doubt, by "the blew robe" was
+typified the immutability and truthfulness of the person, mission, and
+doctrine of our great High Priest, who was clothed with truth as with a
+garment. The great Antitype was a literal embodiment of the symbolic
+panoply of his lesser type.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Drachmarus_ (Vol. iii., p. 157.).--Your correspondent has my most cordial
+thanks both for his suggestion, and also for his conjecture.
+
+1. Perhaps you will kindly afford me space to say, that the name of
+Drachmarus occurs in a well-written MS. account of Bishop Cosin's
+controversy, during his residence in Paris, with the Benedictine Prior
+Robinson, concerning the validity of our English ordination: in the course
+of which, after stating the opinion of divers of the Fathers, that the keys
+of order and jurisdiction were given John xx., "Quorum peccata," &c., Cosin
+adds:
+
+    "I omit Hugo Cardinalis, the ordinary gloss, _Drachmarus_, Scotus, as
+    men of a later age (though all, as you say, of your church) that might
+    be produced to the same purpose."
+
+I should here perhaps state, that no letter of Prior Robinson's is extant
+in which any mention is made either of Drachmarus or of Druthmarus.
+
+2. Before my Query was inserted, it had not only occurred to me as probable
+that the transcriber might have written Drachmarus in mistake for
+Druthmarus, but I had also consulted such of Druthmar's writings as are
+found in the _Bibl. Patr._ I came to the conclusion, however, that a later
+writer than Christian Druthmar was intended. _My_ conjecture was, that
+Drachmarus must be a second name for some known writer of the age of the
+schoolmen, just as _Carbajulus_ may be found cited under the name of
+_Loysius_, or _Loisius_, which are only other forms of his Christian name,
+_Ludovicus_.
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex._--E. H. Y. (Vol. iii., p. 66.) is wrong in
+assigning the title of Lord _Mountacute_ to the Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex.
+In 1 & 2 Phil. and Mary, Sir Antony Browne (son of the Master of the Horse
+to Henry VIII.) was created Viscount _Montague_ (Collins). When curate of
+Eastbourne, in which parish are situated the ruins of their ancestral Hall
+of Cowdray, I frequently heard the village dames recite the tales of the
+rude forefathers of the hamlet respecting the family.
+
+They relate, that while the great Sir Antony (temp. Hen. VIII.) was holding
+a revel, a monk presented himself before the guests and pronounced the
+curse of fire and water against the male descendants of the family, till
+none should be left, because the knight had received and was retaining the
+church-lands of Battle Abbey, and those which belonged to the priory of
+Eastbourne. Within the last hundred years, destiny, though slow of foot,
+has overtaken the fated race. In one day the hall perished by fire, and the
+lord by water, as mentioned by E. H. Y. The male line being extinct, the
+estate passed to the sister of Lord Montague. This lady was married to the
+late W. S. Poyntz, Esq., M.P. The two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Poyntz were
+drowned at Bognor, and the estate a second time devolved on the female
+representatives. These ladies, still living, are the Marchioness of Exeter,
+the Countess Spencer, and the Dowager Lady Clinton. The estate passed by
+purchase into the hands of the Earl of Egmont.
+
+The old villagers, the servants, and the descendants of servants of the
+family, point to the ruins of the hall, and religiously cling to the belief
+that its destruction and that of its lords resulted from the curse. It
+certainly seems an illustration of Archbishop Whitgift's words to Queen
+Elizabeth:
+
+    "Church-land added to an ancient inheritance hath proved like a moth
+    fretting a garment, and secretly consumed both: or like the eagle that
+    stole a coal from the altar, and thereby set her nest on fire, which
+    consumed both her young eagles and herself that stole it."
+
+E. RDS.
+
+  Queen's Col., Birm., Feb. 20. 1851.
+
+_Red Hand_ (Vol. ii., p. 506., _et ante_).--A correspondent, ARUN, says,
+"Your correspondents would confer a heraldic benefit if they would {195}
+point out other instances, which I believe to exist, where family
+reputation has been damaged by similar ignorance in heraldic
+interpretation." I have always thought this ignorance to be universal with
+the country people in England: I could mention _several instances_. First,
+when I was a boy at school I was shown the hatchments in Wateringbury
+church, in Kent, by my master, and informed that Sir Thomas Styles had
+murdered some domestic, and was consequently obliged to bear the "bloody
+hand:" and lastly, and lately, at Church-Gresley, in Derbyshire, at the old
+hall of the Gresley family, I was shown the marble table on which Sir Roger
+or Sir Nigel Gresley had cut up, in a sort of Greenacre style, his cook;
+for which he was obliged to have the bloody hand in his arms, and put into
+the church on his tomb.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+_Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe_ (Vol. iii., p. 137.).--The two
+tracts mentioned by your correspondent R. D. H., and which he states he has
+often sought in vain, namely, _Augusta Triumphans_, London, 1728, 8vo., and
+_Second Thoughts are best_, London, 1729, 8vo., are to be found in the
+_Selection from Defoe's Works_ published by Talboys in 20 vols. 12mo. in
+1840. They are both indisputably by Defoe, and contain, as your
+correspondent observes, many anticipations of modern improvements. I may
+mention that there is a tract, also beyond doubt by Defoe, on the subject
+of London street-robberies, which has never yet been noticed or attributed
+to him by any one. It is far more curious and valuable than _Second
+Thoughts are best_, and is perfectly distinct from that tract. It gives a
+history, and the only one I ever yet met with, written in all Defoe's
+graphic manner, of the London police and the various modes of street
+robbery in the metropolis, from the time of Charles II. to 1731, and
+concludes by suggestions of effectual means of prevention. It is evidently
+the work of one who had lived in London during the whole of the period. The
+title is--
+
+    "An effectual Scheme for the immediate preventing of Street Robberies,
+    and suppressing all other Disorders of the Night, with a brief History
+    of the Night Houses, and an Appendix relating to those Sons of Hell
+    called Incendiaries. Humbly inscribed to the Right Honourable the Lord
+    Mayor of the City of London. London: Printed for J. Wilford, at the
+    Three Flower de Luees, behind the Chapter House in St. Paul's Church
+    Yard. 1731. (Price 1s.) 8vo., pages 72."
+
+I have also another tract on the same subject, which has not been noticed
+by Defoe's biographers, but which I have no hesitation in ascribing to him.
+It is curious enough, but not of equal value with the last. The title is--
+
+    "Street Robberies considered. The reason of their being so frequent,
+    with probable Means to prevent 'em. To which is added, three short
+    Treatises: 1. A Warning for Travellers; with Rules to know a Highwayman
+    and Instructions how to behave upon the occasion. 2. Observations on
+    Housebreakers. How to prevent a Tenement from being broke open. With a
+    Word of Advice concerning Servants. 3. A Caveat for Shopkeepers: with a
+    Description of Shoplifts, how to know 'em, and how to prevent 'em: also
+    a Caution of delivering Goods: with the Relation of several Cheats
+    practised lately upon the Publick. Written by a converted Thief. To
+    which is prefix'd some Memoirs of his Life. _Set a Thief to catch a
+    Thief._ London: Printed for J. Roberts, in Warwick Lane. Price 1s. (No
+    date, but circ. 1726.) 8vo., pages 72."
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_Meaning of Waste-book_ (Vol. iii., p. 118.).--The _waste-book_ in a
+counting-house is that in which all the transactions of the day, receipts,
+payments, &c., are entered miscellaneously as they occur, and of which no
+account is immediately taken, no value immediately found; whence, so to
+speak, the mass of affairs is undigested, and the wilderness or _waste_ is
+uncultivated, and without result until entries are methodically made in the
+day-book and ledger; without which latter appliances there would, in
+book-keeping, be _waste_ indeed, in the worst sense of the term. The word
+_day-book_ explains itself. The word _ledger_ is explained in Johnson's and
+in Ash's _Dictionary_, from the Dutch, as signifying a book that lies in
+the counting-house _permanently in one place_. The etymology there given
+also explains why certain lines used in fishing-tackle, by old Isaak
+Walton, and by his disciples at the present day, are called _ledger-lines_.
+It, however, does not seem to explain the phrase _ledger-lines_, used in
+music; namely, the term applied to those short lines added above or below
+the staff of five lines, when the notes run very high or very low, and
+which are exactly those which are not _permanent_. Here the French word
+_leger_ tempts the etymologist a little.
+
+ROBERT SNOW.
+
+_Deus Justificatus_ (Vol. ii., p. 441.).--There is no doubt that this work
+was written by Henry Hallywell, and not by Cudworth. Dr. Worthington, whose
+intercourse with the latter was of the most intimate kind, and who would
+have been fully aware of the fact had he been the author, observes, in a
+letter not dated, but written circ. September, 1668, addressed to Dr. More,
+and of which I have a copy now before me:
+
+    "I bought at London Mr. Hallywell's _Deus Justificatus_. Methinks it is
+    better written than his former Letter. He will write better and
+    better."
+
+In a short account of Hallywell, who was of the school of Cudworth and
+More, and whose MS. correspondence with the latter is now in my possession,
+in Wood's _Fasti_, vol. ii. p. 187. Edit. Bliss, Wood, "amongst several
+things that he hath published," enumerates five only, but does not give the
+_Deus Justificatus_ amongst them. It {196} appears (Wood's _Athenae_, vol.
+iv. p. 230.) that he was ignorant who the author of this tract was.
+
+It is somewhat singular that the mistake in ascribing _Deus Justificatus_
+to Cudworth should have been continued in Kippis's edition of the
+_Biographia Britannica_. It was so ascribed to him, first, as far as I can
+find, by a writer of the name of Fancourt, in the preface to his _Free
+Agency of Accountable Creatures Examined_, London, 1733, 8vo. On his
+authority it was included in the list of Cudworth's works in the _General
+Dictionary_, 1736, folio, vol. iv. p. 487., and in the _Biographia
+Britannica_, 1750, vol. iii. p. 1581., and in the last edition by Kippis.
+Birch, in the mean time, finding, no doubt, on inquiry, that there was no
+ground for ascribing it to Cudworth, made no mention of it in his accurate
+life prefixed to the edition of the _Intellectual System_ in 1742.
+
+Hallywell, the author, deserves to be better known. In many passages in his
+works he gives ample proof that he had fully imbibed the lofty Platonism
+and true Christian spirit of his great master.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_Touchstone's Dial_ (Vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., pp. 52. 107.).--I am
+gratified to find that my note on "Touchstone's Dial" has prompted MR.
+STEPHENS to send you his valuable communication on these old-fashioned
+chronometers. The subjoined extract from _Travels in America in the Year_
+1806, by Thomas Ashe, Esq., is interesting, as it shows that "Ring-dials"
+were used as common articles of barter in America at the commencement of
+the present century:--
+
+    "The storekeepers on the Alleghany River from above Pittsburg to New
+    Orleans are obliged to keep every article which it is possible that the
+    farmer and manufacturer may want. Each of their shops exhibits a
+    complete medley: a magazine, where are to be had both a needle and an
+    anchor, a tin pot and a large copper boiler, a child's whistle and a
+    piano-forte, a _ring-dial_ and a clock," &c.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+_Ring Dials_.--I was interested with the reference to _Pocket Sun-dials_ in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," pp. 52. 107. because it re-furnished an opportunity of
+placing in print a scrap of information on the subject, which I neglected
+to embrace when I first read MR. KNIGHT'S note on the passage in
+Shakspeare. About seventy years ago these small, cheap, brass "Ring-dials"
+for the pocket were manufactured by the gross by a firm in Sheffield
+(Messrs. Proctor), then in Milk street. I well remember the workman--an old
+man in my boyhood--who had been employed in making them, as he said, "in
+basketsful;" and also his description of the _modus operandi_, which was
+curious enough. They were of different sizes and prices, and their extreme
+rarity at present, considering the number formerly in use, is only less
+surprising than the commonness of pocket-watches which have superseded
+them. I never saw but one of these cheapest and most nearly forgotten
+horologia, and which the old brass-turner, as I recollect, boasted of as
+"telling the time true to a quarter of an hour!"
+
+D.
+
+  Sheffield, Jan. 2. 1851.
+
+_Cockade_ (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--The Query of A. E. has not yet been
+satisfactorily answered; nor can I pretend to satisfy him. But as a small
+contribution to the history of the decoration in question, I beg to offer
+him the following definition from the _Dictionnaire etymologique_ of
+Roquefort, 8vo., Paris, 1829:--
+
+    "COCARDE, touffe de rubans que sous Louis XIII. on portoit sur le
+    feutre, et qui imitoit la crete du coq."
+
+If this be correct, APODLIKTES (p. 42.) must be mistaken in attributing so
+recent an origin to the cockade as the date of the Hanoverian succession.
+The truth is, that from the earliest period of heraldic institutions,
+colours have been used to symbolise parties. The mode of wearing them may
+have varied; and whether wrought in silk, or more economically represented
+in the stamped leather cockade of our private soldier, is little to the
+purpose. It will, however, hardly be contended that our present fashion at
+all resembles "la crete du coq."
+
+F. S. Q.
+
+"The ribband worn in the hat" was styled "a favour" previous to the Scotch
+Covenanters' nick-naming it a cockade. Allow me to correct APODLIKTES (p.
+42.): "The black _favour_ being the Hanoverian badge, the white _favour_
+that of the Stuarts." The knots or bunches of ribbons given as favours at
+marriages, &c., were not invariably worn in the hat as a cockade is, but it
+was sometimes (see Hudibras, Pt. i. canto ii. line 524.)
+
+ "Wore in their hats like wedding garters."
+
+There is a note on this line in my edition, which is the same as J. B.
+COLMAN refers to for the note on the Frozen Horn (p. 91.).
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Rudbeck's Atlantica--Grenville copy--Tomus I Sine Anno._ 1675. 1679. (Vol.
+iii., p. 26.).--Has any one of these three copies a separate leaf, entitled
+"Ad Bibliopegos?"--Not one of them.
+
+(Neither has the king's (George III.) copy, nor the Sloane copy, both in
+the Museum.)
+
+Has the copy with the date 1679, "Testimonia" at the end?--The Testimonia
+are placed after the Dedication, before the text (they are inlaid). They
+occupy fifteen pages.
+
+Have they a separate _Title_ and a separate sheet of _Errata_?--Neither the
+one nor the other.
+
+Is there a duplicate copy of this separate Title at the end of the
+Preface?--No.
+
+(The copy with the date 1675 has at the end Testimonia filling eight pages,
+with a separate title, and a leaf containing three lines of Errata.)
+
+Tomus II. 1689.--How many pages of {197} Testimonia are there at the end of
+the Preface?--Thirty-eight pages.
+
+(In George III.'s copy the Testimonia occupy forty-three pages.)
+
+Is there in any one of these volumes the name of any former owner, any book
+number, or any other mark by which they can be recognised; for instance,
+that of the Duke de la Valliere?--No. Not in Mr. Grenville's, nor in George
+III.'s, nor in the Sloane's; this last has not the Third Volume.
+
+HENRY FOSS.
+
+_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., p. 11.).--It is a tradition
+in a family with which I am connected, that Queen Elizabeth had a son, who
+was sent over to Ireland, and placed under the care of the Earl of Ormonde.
+The Earl, it will be remembered, was distantly related to the Queen, her
+great-grandmother being the daughter of Thomas, the eighth Earl.
+
+Papers are said to exist in the family which prove the above statement.
+
+J. BS.
+
+_Private Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth._--The curious little volume mentioned
+by MR. ROPER (Vol. iii., p. 45.), is most probably the book alluded to by
+J. E. C., p. 23. I possess a copy of much later date (1767). It is worthy
+of note, that the narrative is headed _The Earl of Essex; or, the Amours of
+Queen Elizabeth_; while the title-page states, _The secret History of the
+most Renown'd Q. Elizabeth and Earl of Essex_.
+
+I think it can scarcely be said to be _corroborative_ of the "scandal"
+contained in Mr. Ives's MS. note, or that in Burton's _Parliamentary
+Diary_, cited by P. T., Vol. ii. p. 393. Whitaker, in his _Vindication of
+Mary Q. of Scots_, has displayed immense industry and research in his
+collection of charges against the private life of Elizabeth, but makes no
+mention of these reports.
+
+E. B. PRICE.
+
+_Bibliographical Queries_ (No. 39.), _Monarchia Solipsorum_ (Vol. iii., p.
+138.).--Your correspondent asks, Can there be the smallest doubt that the
+veritable inventor of this satire upon the Jesuits was their former
+associate, Jules-Clement Scotti? Having paid considerable attention to the
+writings of Scotti, Inchofer, and Scioppius, and to the evidence as to the
+authorship of this work, I should, notwithstanding Niceron's authority, on
+which your correspondent seems to rely, venture to assert that the claim
+made for Scotti, as well as that for Scioppius, may be at once put aside.
+No two authors ever more carefully protected their literary offspring,
+numerous as they were, by the catalogues and lists of them which they
+published or dispersed from time to time, than these two writers. In them
+every tract is claimed, however short, which they had written. Scotti
+published one in 1650, five years after the publication of the _Monarchia
+Solipsorum_; and I have a letter of his, of the same period, containing a
+list of his writings. Scioppius left one, dated 1647, now in MS. in the
+Laurentian Library with his other MSS., and which carefully mentions every
+tract he had written against the Jesuits. The _Monarchia Solipsorum_ does
+not appear in the lists of these two writers; and no good reason can be
+assigned why it should not, on the supposition of its being written by
+either of them. If not in those which were published, it certainly would
+not have been omitted in those communicated to their friends, not Jesuits,
+or which were found amongst their own MSS. Then, nothing can be more
+distinct than the style of Scotti, of Scioppius, and that of the author,
+whoever he was, of the _Monarchia_. The much-vexed spirit of the bitterest
+of critics would have been still more indignant if one or two of the
+passages in this work could ever, in his contemplation, have been imputed
+to his pen.
+
+It is in this case, as in most other similar ones, much easier to conclude
+who is not, than who is the author of the book in question. The internal
+evidence is very strong in favour of Inchofer. It was published with his
+name in 1652, seven years only after the date of the first edition; and the
+witnesses are many among his contemporaries, who speak positively to his
+being the author. Further, there is no great dissimilarity in point of
+style, and I have collected several parallel expressions occurring in the
+_Monarchia_ and Inchofer's other works, which very much strengthen the
+claim made on his behalf, but which it is scarcely necessary to insert
+here. In my opinion, he is the real author. The question might, I have no
+doubt, be finally set at rest by an examination of his correspondence with
+Leo Allatius, which is, or was, at all events, in the Vatican.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+  Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851.
+
+_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 93.).--It was one of the proofs
+against the Duke of Monmouth, that he had touched for the evil when in the
+West; and I have seen a handbill describing the cures he effected. It was
+sold at Sir John St. Aubyn's sale of prints at Christie's some few years
+since.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+"_Talk not of Love_" (Vol. iii., pp. 7.77.).--In answering the Query of
+A. M. respecting this pleasing little song, your correspondents have
+neglected to mention that the earliest copy of it, _i.e._ that in Johnson's
+_Scots Musical Museum_, has _two_ additional stanzas. This is important,
+because, from No. 8. of Burns's _Letters to Clarinda_, it appears that the
+concluding lines were supplied by Burns himself to suit the music. He
+remarks that--
+
+    "The latter half of the first stanza would have been worthy of Sappho.
+    I am in raptures with it."
+
+{198} Mrs. Mac Lehose (_Clarinda_) was living in 1840, in the eightieth
+year of her age.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Did St. Paul's Clock strike Thirteen?_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--Yes: but it
+was not then at St. Paul's; for I think St. Paul's was then being rebuilt.
+The correspondent to the _Antiquarian Repertory_ says:
+
+    "The first time I heard it (the circumstance) was at Windsor, before
+    St. Paul's had a clock, when the soldier's plea was said to be that Tom
+    of Westminster struck thirteen instead of twelve at the time when he
+    ought to have been relieved. It is not long since a newspaper mentioned
+    the death of one who said he was the man."
+
+About the beginning of the eighteenth century this bell was removed to St.
+Paul's, &c.--Can any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply the
+newspaper notice above referred to. The above was written in 1775. The
+clock tower in which the bell was originally (and must have been when the
+sentinel heard it) was removed in 1715.
+
+JOHN FRANCIS.
+
+    [The story is given in Walcott's _Memorials of Westminster_ as being
+    thus recorded in _The Public Advertiser_ of Friday, 22nd June,
+    1770:--"Mr. John Hatfield, who died last Monday at his house in
+    Glasshouse Yard, Aldersgate, aged 102 years, was a soldier in the reign
+    of William and Mary, and the person who was tried and condemned by a
+    Court Martial for falling asleep on his duty upon the terrace at
+    Windsor. He absolutely denied the charge against him, and solemnly
+    declared that he heard St. Paul's clock strike thirteen, the truth of
+    which was much doubted by the court because of the great distance. But
+    whilst he was under sentence of death, an affidavit was made by several
+    persons that the clock actually did strike thirteen instead of twelve;
+    whereupon he received his majesty's pardon. The above his friends
+    caused to be engraved upon his plate, to satisfy the world of the truth
+    of a story which has been much doubted, though he had often confirmed
+    it to many gentlemen, and a few days before his death told it to
+    several of his neighbours. He enjoyed his sight and memory to the day
+    of his death."]
+
+_Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iii., p.
+113.).--Among the benefits conferred by "NOTES AND QUERIES" upon the
+literary world, is the information occasionally afforded, in what
+libraries, public and private, very rare books are deposited. MR. COLLIER
+expresses his thanks to MR. LAING for sending to him a very rare volume by
+Kyffin. Had I seen his "Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers'
+Company," I should have had much pleasure in furnishing him with extracts,
+from another copy in the Chetham Library, of the tract he has described.
+The Rev. T. Corser possesses the same author's _Blessedness of Britain_.
+His other works are enumerated by Watt, and should be transferred to a
+Bibliotheca Cambrensis.
+
+T. J.
+
+_Metrical Psalms, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--ARUN may find all the
+information he seeks by consulting a treatise of _Heylin's_ on the subject
+of the metrical version of the Psalms, published by Dr. Rich. Watson, under
+the title of _The Deduction_, 8vo. Lond. 1685.
+
+Together with this treatise, two letters from Bishop _Cosin_ to Watson are
+published; in the latter of which, towards the end, the following paragraph
+occurs:--
+
+    "The singing Psalms are not adjoined to our Bibles, or to our Liturgy,
+    by any other authority than what the Company of Stationers for their
+    own gain have procured, either by their own private ordinances among
+    themselves, or by some order from the Privy Council in Queen
+    Elizabeth's time. Authority of convocation, or of Parliament, such as
+    our Liturgy had, never had they any: only the Queen, by her Letters
+    Patent to the Stationers, gave leave to have them printed, and allowed
+    them (did not command them) to be sung in churches or private houses by
+    the people. When the Liturgy was set forth, and commanded to be used,
+    these psalms were not half of them composed: no bishop ever inquired of
+    their observance, nor did ever any judge at an assize deliver them in
+    his charge: which both the one and other had been bound to do, if they
+    had been set forth by the same authority which the Liturgy was. Besides
+    you may observe, that they are never printed with the Liturgy or Bible,
+    nor ever were; but only bound up, as the stationers please, together
+    with it," &c.
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_Aristophanes on the Modern Stage_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.)--Moliere has
+availed himself in the comedy of the _Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ very liberally
+of the comedy of the _Clouds_. The lesson in grammar given to Monsr.
+Jourdain is nearly the same as that which Socrates gives to Strepsiades.
+
+W. B. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The last number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ contains a very important
+paper upon the limited accessibility of the State Paper Office to literary
+inquirers, and the consequent injury to historical literature. But not only
+is the present system illiberal; it seems that it has been determined by
+the Lords of the Treasury that the historical papers anterior to 1714 shall
+be transferred from the State Paper Office to the new Record Office, which
+is now rising rapidly on the Rolls Estate. Under present circumstances,
+this is a transfer from bad to worse. Our contemporary shows the absurdity
+and injustice to literature of such a determination in a very striking
+manner. We cannot follow him through his proofs, but are bound as the organ
+of literary men to direct attention to the subject. It is most important to
+every one who is interested--and who is not?--in the welfare of historical
+literature. {199}
+
+The _Unpublished Manuscripts on Church Government_ by Archbishop Laud,
+stated to have been prepared for the education of Prince Henry, and
+subsequently presented to Charles I., which we mentioned in our sixty-ninth
+number, was sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, on the 24th ultimo, for
+Twenty Guineas. And here we may note that in the Collection of Autographs
+sold by the same auctioneers on Friday last, among other valuable articles
+was a Letter of Burke, dated 3rd Oct. 1793, from which we quote the
+following passage, which will be read with interest at the present time,
+and furnishes some information respecting Cardinal Erskine--the subject of
+a recent Query:--"I confess, I would, if the matter rested with me, enter
+into much more distinct and avowed political connections with the Court of
+Rome than hitherto we have held. If we decline them, the bigotry will be on
+our part and not on that of his Holiness. Some mischief has happened, and
+much good has, I am convinced, been prevented by our unnatural alienation.
+
+... With regard to Monsignor Erskine, I am certain that all his designs are
+formed upon the most honourable and the most benevolent public principles."
+One of the most interesting lots at the sale was a proclamation of the "Old
+Pretender," dated Rome, 23 Dec. 1743, given "under our Sign Manual and
+Privy Seal," the seal having the inscription "JACOBUS III. REX," which
+fetched Eleven Pounds.
+
+We believe there are few libraries in this country, however small, in which
+there is not to be found one shelf devoted to such pet books on Natural
+History as White's _Selborne_, the _Journal of a Naturalist_, and
+Waterton's _Wanderings_. The writings of Mr. Knox are obviously destined to
+take their place in the same honoured spot. Actuated with the same love of
+nature, and gifted with the same power of patient observation as White, he
+differs from him in the wider range over which he extends his observation,
+and in combining the ardour of the sportsman with the scientific spirit of
+inquiry which distinguishes the naturalist. In his _Game Birds and Wild
+Fowl: their Friends and their Foes_, which contains the result of his
+observations and experience, not only on the birds described in his
+title-page, but on certain other animals supposed, oftentimes most
+erroneously, to be injurious to their welfare and increase--we have a work
+which reflects the highest credit upon the writer, and can scarcely fail to
+accomplish the great end for which Mr Knox wrote it, that of "adding new
+votaries to a loving observation of nature."
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Desdemona, the Magnifico's Child_; the Fourth of Mrs.
+Cowden Clarke's Stories of _The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines_, is
+devoted to the history of
+
+                         "a maid
+  That paragons description and wild fame."
+
+_Gilbert's Popular Narrative of the Origin, History, Progress, and
+Prospects Of the Great Industrial Exhibition of 1851, by Peter Berlyn_,--a
+little volume apparently carefully compiled from authentic sources of
+information upon the several points set forth in its ample title-page.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+WILSON'S ORNAMENTS OF CHURCHES CONSIDERED.
+
+THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED.
+
+CELEBRATED TRIALS, 6 Vols. 8vo., 1825. Vol 6.
+
+OSSIAN, 3 Vols. 12mo. Miller, 1805. Vol. 2.
+
+HOWITT'S RURAL LIFE OF ENGLAND. 12mo. 1838. Vol. 2.
+
+SHARON TURNER'S ANGLO-SAXONS. Last Edition.
+
+CHAMBERS'S SCOTTISH BIOGRAPHY, 4 Vols. 8vo.
+
+THE LADY'S POETICAL MAGAZINE, or BEAUTIES OF BRITISH POETRY, Vol. 2.
+London, 1781.
+
+BURNET'S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION. Folio. Vol. 3.
+
+PASSERI, ISTORIA DELLE PITTURE IN MAJOLICA. Pesaro, 1838; or any other
+Edition.
+
+NAVAL CHRONICLE, any or all of the odd books of the first 12 Vols.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Although we have this week enlarged our paper to 24 pages, we are
+compelled to solicit the indulgence of many correspondents for the
+postponement of many interesting_ NOTES, QUERIES, _and_ REPLIES.
+
+C. H. P. _will find his query inserted. It was in type last week, but only
+postponed from want of room. We have omitted his comment called for by the
+omission of the words "fleet against the."_
+
+W. S. _The fine lines commencing,--_
+
+ "My mind to me a kingdom is,
+  Such perfect joy therein I find:"
+
+_were written by Lovelace._
+
+F. B. RELTON. _The Satyr_ on the Jesuits _was written by John Oldham, and
+originally published in 1679._
+
+SALOPIAN. _The tragedy of_ The Earl of Warwick _or_ The King and Subject,
+_was translated from the French of De la Harpe by Paul Heffernan._
+
+CAM. _It appears from Brayley's_ Londiniana, iv. 5. _on the authority of
+Strype's_ Stow. b. i. p. 287., _that Sir Baptist Hicks, afterwards Viscount
+Campden, was the son of Robert Hicks, a silk mercer, who kept a shop in
+Cheapside, at Soper's Lane End, at the White Bear. See also Cunningham's_
+Handbook of London, _Art._ HICKS' HALL.
+
+O. P. _The lines--_
+
+ "Had Cain been Scot, God would have chang'd his doom,
+  Not forc't him wander, but confin'd him home."
+
+_are from Cleveland's_ Rebell Scott, _and would be found at p. 52 of
+Cleveland's Poems, ed. 1654._
+
+H., _who asks whether any friend living in London would consult books for
+him at the British Museum, and let him know the result, had better specify
+more particularly what is the information he requires._
+
+RUSTICUS _will find the information he seeks in a Biographical Dictionary
+under the name_ Sarpi.
+
+L. J. _Blackstone_ (Book iv. cap. 25.; vol. iv. p. 328. ed 1778) _supposes
+that pressing a mute prisoner to death was gradually introduced between 31
+Edw. III and 8 Hen. IV. as a species of mercy to the delinquent, by
+delivering him sooner from his torment._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED. _"Love's Labour's Lost"--Election of a
+Pope--Umbrellas--Signs on Chemists' Bottles--Christmas Day--Four Events--A
+Coggeshall Job--Denarius Philosophorum--Days of the Week--Hugh Peters--Sun,
+stand thou still--Master John Shorne--Boiling to Death--Wages in the last
+Century--Crossing Rivers on Skins--Election of a Pope--Origin of
+Harlequins--Thomas May--Prince of Wales' Motto--Ten Commandments--Tract on
+the Eucharist._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price
+9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. {200}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW BOOKS.
+
+JUST PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER, AND CO.
+
+I.
+
+THE STONES OF VENICE. Volume the First, THE FOUNDATIONS. By JOHN RUSKIN,
+Esq., Author of "Seven Lamps of Architecture," "Modern Painters," &c. Imp.
+8vo. with 21 Plates and numerous Woodcuts, 2l. 2s. in embossed cloth.
+
+II.
+
+MILITARY MEMOIRS OF LIEUT.-COL. JAMES SKINNER, C.B., commanding a Corps of
+Irregular Cavalry in the Hon. East India Company's Service. By J. BAILLIE
+FRASER, Esq., 2 vols. post 8vo. with Portraits, 21s. cloth.
+
+III.
+
+THE BRITISH OFFICER; his Position, Duties, Emoluments, and Privileges. By
+J. H. STOCQUELER. 8vo. 15s. cloth extra.
+
+IV.
+
+ROSE DOUGLAS; or, the Autobiography of a Minister's Daughter. 2 vols. post
+8vo. 21s. cloth.
+
+V.
+
+A TRIP TO MEXICO; or, Recollections of a Ten Months' Ramble in 1849-50. By
+a BARRISTER. Post 8vo. 9s. cloth.
+
+London: SMITH, ELDER, and CO., 65. Cornhill.
+Edinburgh: OLIVER and BOYD. Dublin: J. M^CGLASHAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IN ANTICIPATION OF EASTER.
+
+THE SUBSCRIBER has prepared an ample supply of his well known and approved
+SURPLICES, from 20s. to 50s., and various devices in DAMASK COMMUNION
+LINEN, well adapted for presentation to Churches.
+
+Illustrated priced Catalogues sent free to the Clergy, Architects, and
+Churchwardens by post, on application to
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Second Edition, now ready, price 3s. 6d.
+
+THE NUPTIALS OF BARCELONA.--A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish Tyranny.
+By R. N. DUNBAR.
+
+    "This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of
+    description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well
+    calculated to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of
+    the day."--_Sunday Times._
+
+SAUNDERS & OTLEY, Publishers, Conduit Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, foolscap 8vo. price 10s. 6d.
+
+THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With Brief Accounts of the
+Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are most
+frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medieval Symbols;
+and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts.
+
+    "It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an
+    archaeological, not of a theological character; the Editor has not
+    considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of
+    the legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as
+    legends, and in general so much of them only as is necessary to explain
+    why particular emblems were used with a particular saint, or why
+    Churches in a given locality are named after this or that
+    saint."--_Preface._
+
+JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1851.
+Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a List of the
+Foundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together with an
+Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them. Post 8vo. 4s.
+
+London: JOHN HENRY PARKER, 377. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, imperial 4to., price 10s. 6d.
+
+OUTLINE SKETCHES OF OLD BUILDINGS IN BRUGES. By E. S. COLE. 15 Plates.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In a few days, royal 8vo., cloth, price 10s.
+
+THE SEVEN PERIODS OF ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. Defined and Illustrated
+by EDMUND SHARPE, M.A., Architect, M.I.B.A. An Elementary Work showing at a
+single glance the different Changes through which our National Architecture
+passed, from the Heptarchy to the Reformation. Twelve Steel Engravings and
+Woodcuts.
+
+Each Period, except the First, is illustrated by portions of the Interior
+and the Exterior of one of our Cathedral Churches of corresponding date,
+beautifully engraved on Steel, so presented as to enable the Student to
+draw for himself a close comparison of the characteristic features which
+distinguish the Architecture of each of the SEVEN PERIODS, and which are of
+so striking and simple a nature as to prevent the possibility of mistake.
+
+The First, or Saxon Period, contains so few buildings of interest or
+importance, as to render its comparative illustration unnecessary, if not
+impossible.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just ready, 8vo., cloth, price 15s.
+
+A TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. Containing to Seven Places of Decimals, natural
+Numbers, answering to all Logarithms from 0001 to 99999; and an improved
+Table of Gauss's Logarithms, by which may be found the Logarithm to the sum
+or difference of Two Quantities where Logarithms are given: preceded by an
+Introduction, containing also the History of Logarithms, their
+Construction, and the various Improvements made therein since their
+invention. By HERSCHELL E. FILIPOWSKI. Second edition, revised and
+corrected.
+
+The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype plates of
+these tables, (published a few months ago at 2l. 2s.,) is enabled to offer
+a corrected edition at the above reduced price.
+
+_Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq._
+
+    "I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of
+    Anti-Logarithms and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his
+    proposed table of Annuities for three lives, constructed from the
+    Carlisle Table.
+
+    "The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, in
+    extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique
+    among modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this
+    being supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without
+    qualification.
+
+    "The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of
+    opinion. I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease,
+    as I have found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other
+    tables, and particularly with other FIVE-FIGURE tables, of the same
+    kind, will recommend it. I desire to confine myself to testifying to
+    the facility with which this table can be used: comparison with other
+    forms, as to RELATIVE facility, being out of the question on so short a
+    trial.
+
+    "On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion to
+    say anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well
+    aware how much it is wanted. A. DE MORGAN."
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Choice Engravings, Drawings, and Paintings.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Picadilly, on THURSDAY next, March 13,
+and following day, a collection of choice engravings, mostly of the English
+School, the property of a gentleman, comprising choice proofs of Woollett;
+a series of the works of Joshua Reynolds, all brilliant proofs; Mueller's
+Madonna di San Sisto, a very early proof; Charles II. by Farthorne, extra
+rare, a splendid proof; and many other choice proofs of the works of
+English and Foreign Artists. Catalogues will be sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This day is published, Part I., 4to., price 1s.
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF MEDIEVAL COSTUMES in England, collected from MSS. in the
+British Museum, Bibliotheque de Paris, &c. By T. A. DAY and J. B. DINES. To
+be completed in Six Monthly Parts.
+
+London: T. BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 8. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8,
+1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
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