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diff --git a/23212-8.txt b/23212-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7ab6df --- /dev/null +++ b/23212-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2423 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 72, March 15, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 72, March 15, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 27, 2007 [EBook #23212] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{201} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 72.] +SATURDAY, MARCH 15. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Illustrations of Chaucer 201 + Inedited Poetry, No. II., by K. R. H. Mackenzie 203 + On a Passage in Marmion 203 + Gloucestershire Provincialisms, by Albert Way 204 + The Chapel of Loretto 205 + Folk Lore:--"Nettle in Dock out"--Soul separates + from the Body--Lady's Trees--Norfolk Folk Lore + Rhymes 205 + Minor Notes:--Note for the Topographers of Ancient + London, and for the Monasticon--Gray and Burns-- + Traditional Notice of Richard III.--Oliver Cromwell-- + Snail-eating 206 + + QUERIES:-- + Biddings in Wales 207 + Minor Queries:--Lord of Relton--Beatrix de Bradney-- + "Letters on the British Museum"--Ballad + Editing: The "Outlandish Knight"--Latin Epigram + on the Duchess of Eboli--Engraved Portrait-- + Blackstone's Commentaries and Table of Precedence-- + The Two Drs. Abercromby--Witte van Haemstede--J. + Bruckner: Dutch Church in Norwich 208 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--The Hereditary Earl + Marshal--The Beggar's Petition--"Tiring-irons + never to be untied" 209 + + REPLIES:-- + The Meaning of Eisell, by H. K. S. Causton 210 + Replies to Minor Queries:--William Chilcott--Fossil + Elk of Ireland--Canes Lesos--"By Hook or by + Crook"--Suem--Sir George Downing--Miching + Malicho--Cor Linguæ--Under the Rose--"Impatient + to speak, and not see"--Bishop Frampton--Old + Tract on the Eucharist--Was Hugh Peters ever on + the Stage? 212 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 214 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 215 + Notices to Correspondents 215 + Advertisements 215 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 131. 133.) + +I am glad to perceive that some of the correspondents of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" are turning their attention to the elucidation of Chaucer. The +text of our father-poet, having remained as it were in fallow since the +time of Tyrwhitt, now presents a rich field for industry; and, in offering +free port and entry to all comments and suggestions, to be there sifted and +garnered up, the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES" may soon become a depository +from which ample materials may be obtained for a new edition of Chaucer, +now become an acknowledged desideratum. + +One excellent illustration has lately been added, at page 133., in a note +without signature upon "Nettle in, dock out." If _confirmed_[1], it will +furnish not only a most satisfactory explanation of that hitherto +incomprehensible phrase, but also a curious example of the faithful +preservation of an exact form of words through centuries of oral tradition. + +And if the note which precedes it, at page 131., upon a passage in Palamon +and Arcite, is less valuable, it is because it is deficient in one of the +most essential conditions which such communications ought to possess--that +of originality. No suggestion ought to be offered which had been previously +published in connexion with the same subject: at least in any _very +obvious_ place of reference, such as notes or glossaries already appended +to well-known editions of the text. + +Now the precise explanation of the planetary distribution of the +twenty-four hours of the day, given by [Greek: e]. in the first portion of +his communication, was anticipated seventy or eighty years ago by Tyrwhitt +in his note upon the same passage of Palamon and Arcite. And with respect +to [Greek: e].'s second explanation of the meaning of "houre inequal," that +expression also has been commented upon by Tyrwhitt, who attributes it to +the well-known expansive duration of ancient hours, the length of which was +regulated by that of the natural day at the several seasons of the year: +hence an _inequality_ always existed; except at the equinoxes, between +hours before, and hours after, sunrise. This is undoubtedly the true +explanation, since Chaucer was, at the time, referring to hours before and +after sunrise upon the same day. On the contrary, [Greek: e].'s ecliptic +hours, if they ever existed at all (he has cited no authority), would be +obviously incompatible with the planetary disposition of the hours first +referred to. + +I shall now, in my turn, suggest explanations of the two new difficulties +in Chaucer's text, to {202} which, at the conclusion of his note, [Greek: +e]. has drawn attention. + +The first is, that, "with respect to the time of year at which the +tournament takes place, there seems to be an inconsistency." Theseus fixes +"this day fifty wekes" from the fourth of May, as the day on which the +final contention must come off, and yet the day previous to the final +contention is afterwards alluded to as "the lusty seson of that May," +which, it is needless to say, would be inconsistent with an interval of +fifty _ordinary_ weeks. + +But fifty weeks, if taken in their literal sense of 350 days, would be a +most unmeaning interval for Theseus to fix upon,--it would almost require +explanation as much as the difficulty itself: it is therefore much easier +to suppose that Chaucer meant to imply the interval of a solar year. Why he +should choose to express that interval by fifty, rather than by fifty-two, +weeks, may be surmised in two ways: first, because the latter phrase would +be unpoetical and unmanageable; and, secondly, because he might fancy that +the week of the Pagan Theseus would be more appropriately represented by a +lunar quarter than by a Jewish hebdomad. + +Chaucer sometimes makes the strangest jumble--mixing up together Pagan +matters and Christian, Roman and Grecian, ancient and modern; so that +although he names Sunday and Monday as two of the days of the week in +Athens, he does so evidently for the purpose of introducing the allocation +of the hours, alluded to before, to which the planetary names of the days +of the week were absolutely necessary. But in the fifty weeks appointed by +Theseus, the very same love of a little display of erudition would lead +Chaucer to choose the _hebdomas lunæ_, or lunar quarter, which the Athenian +youth were wont to mark out by the celebration of a feast to Apollo on +every seventh day of the moon. But after the first twenty-eight days of +every lunar month, the weekly reckoning must have been discontinued for +about a day and a half (when the new moon was what was called "in coitu," +or invisible), after which a new reckoning of sevens would recommence. +Hence there could be but four hebdomades in each lunar month; and as there +are about twelve and a half lunar months in a solar year, so must there +have been fifty lunar weeks in one solar year. + +It will explain many anomalies, even in Shakspeare, if we suppose that our +early writers were content to show their knowledge of a subject in a few +particulars, and were by no means solicitous to preserve, what moderns +would call _keeping_, in the whole performance. + +The next difficulty, adverted to by [Greek: e]., is the mention of the +THIRD as the morning upon which Palamon "brake his prison," and Arcite went +into the woods "to don his observaunce to May." + +There is not perhaps in the whole of Chaucer's writings a more exquisite +passage than that by which the latter circumstance is introduced; it is +well worth transcribing:-- + + "The besy larke, the messager of day, + Sal[=e]weth in hire song the morw[=e] gray; + And firy Phebus riseth up so bright, + That all the orient laugheth at the sight; + And with his strem[=e]s drieth in the greves + The silver drop[=e]s hanging on the leves." + +Such is the description of the morning of the "thridde of May;" and +perhaps, if no other mention of that date were to be found throughout +Chaucer's works, we might be justified in setting it down as a random +expression, to which no particular meaning was attached. But when we find +it repeated in an entirely different poem, and the same "observaunce to +May" again associated with it, the conviction is forced upon us that it +cannot be without some definite meaning. + +This repetition occurs in the opening of the second book of _Troilus and +Creseide_, where "the thridde" has not only "observaunce to May" again +attributed to it, but also apparently some peculiar virtue in dreams. No +sooner does Creseide behold Pandarus on the morning of the third of May, +than "_by the hond on hie, she tooke him fast_," and tells him that she had +thrice dreamed of him that night. Pandarus replies in what appears to have +been a set form of words suitable to the occasion-- + + "Yea, nece, ye shall faren well the bet, + If God wull, all this yeare." + +Now unless the third of May were supposed to possess some unusual virtue, +the dreaming on that morning could scarcely confer a whole year's welfare. +But, be that as it may, there can at least be no doubt that Chaucer +designedly associated _some_ celebration of the advent of May with the +morning of the third of that month. + +Without absolutely asserting that my explanation is the true one, I may +nevertheless suggest it until some better may be offered. It is, that the +association may have originated in the invocation of the goddess Flora, by +Ovid, on that day (_Fasti_, v.), in order that she might inspire him with +an explanation of the Floralia, or Floral games, which were celebrated in +Rome from the 28th of April to the _third_ of May. + +These games, if transferred by Chaucer to Athens, would at once explain the +"gret feste" and the "lusty seson of that May." + +Supposing, then, that Chaucer, in the _Knight's Tale_, meant, as I think he +meant, to place the great combat on the anniversary of the fourth of +May--that being the day on which Theseus had intercepted the duel,--then +the entry into Athens of the rival companies would take place on {203} +(Sunday) the second, and the sacrifices and feasting on the _third of May_, +the last of the Floralia. + +A. E. B. + + Leeds, March 4, 1851. + +[Footnote 1: [Of which there can be no doubt. See further p. 205. of our +present Number.--ED.]] + + * * * * * + +INEDITED POETRY, NO. II. + +CHORUS. + +(Harleian MSS., No. 367. fo. 154.) + + "Is, is there nothing cann withstand + The hand + Of Time: but that it must + Be shaken into dust? + Then poore, poore Israelites are wee + Who see, + But cannot shunn the Graue's captivitie. + + "Alas, good Browne! that Nature hath + No bath, + Or virtuous herbes to strayne, + To boyle[2] thee yong againe; + Yet could she (kind) but back command + Thy brand, + Herself would dye thou should'st be unman'd. + + "But (ah!) the golden Ewer by [a] stroke, + Is broke, + And now the Almond Tree + With teares, with teares, we see, + Doth lowly lye, and with its fall + Do all + The daughters dye, that once were musicall. + + "Thus yf weake builded man cann saye, + A day + He lives, 'tis all, for why? + He's sure at night to dye, + For fading man in fleshly lome[3] + Doth rome + Till he his graue find, His eternall home. + + "Then farewell, farewell, man of men, + Till when + (For us the morners meet + Pal'd visag'd in the street, + To seale up this our britle birth + In earth,) + We meet with thee triumphant in our mirth." + _Trinitäll Hall's Exequies._ + +Now, to what does Hall refer in the third stanza, in his mention of the +almond-tree? Is it a classical allusion, as in the preceding stanza, or has +it some reference to any botanical fact? I send the ballad, trusting that +as an inedited morsel you will receive it. + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + + [We do not take _Hall_ here to be the name of a man, but Trinity Hall + at Cambridge.] + +[Footnote 2: The reader will recognise the classical allusion.] + +[Footnote 3: Loam, earth; roam.] + + * * * * * + +ON A PASSAGE IN MARMION. + +I venture for the first time to trespass upon the attention of your readers +in making the following remarks upon a passage in _Marmion_, which, as far +as I know, has escaped the notice of all the critical writers whose +comments upon that celebrated poem have hitherto been published. + +It will probably be remembered, that long after the main action of the poem +and interest of the story have been brought to a close by the death of the +hero on the field of Flodden, the following incident is thus pointedly +described:-- + + Short is my tale:--Fitz-Eustace' care + A pierced and mangled body bare + To moated Lichfield's lofty pile: + And there, beneath the southern aisle, + A tomb, with Gothic sculpture fair + Did long Lord Marmion's image bear, + &c. &c. &c. + + "There erst was martial Marmion found, + His feet upon a couchant hound, + His hands to Heaven upraised: + And all around on scutcheon rich, + And tablet carved, and fretted niche, + His arms and feats were blazed. + And yet, though all was carved so fair, + And priest for Marmion breathed the prayer, + _The last Lord Marmion lay not there._ + From Ettrick woods a peasant swain + Follow'd his lord to Flodden plain,-- + &c. &c. &c. + + "Sore wounded Sybil's Cross he spied, + And dragg'd him to its foot, and died, + Close by the noble Marmion's side. + The spoilers stripp'd and gash'd the slain, + And thus their corpses were mista'en; + And thus in the proud Baron's tomb, + The lowly woodsman took the room." + +Now, I ask, wherefore has the poet dwelt with such minuteness upon this +forced and improbable incident? Had it indeed been with no other purpose +than to introduce the picturesque description and the moral reflexions +contained in the following section, the improbability might well be +forgiven. But such is not the real object. The critic of the _Monthly +Review_ takes the following notice of this passage, which is printed as a +note in the last edition of Scott's _Poems_ in 1833:-- + + "A corpse is afterwards conveyed, as that of Marmion, to the cathedral + of Lichfield, where a magnificent tomb is erected to his memory, &c. + &c.; but, by an _admirably imagined act of poetical justice_, we are + informed that a peasant's body was placed beneath that costly monument, + while the haughty Baron himself was buried like a vulgar corpse on the + spot where he died." + +Had the reviewer attempted to penetrate a little deeper into the workings +of the author's mind, he would have seen in this circumstance much more +than "an admirably imagined act of poetical {204} justice." He would have +perceived in it the ultimate and literal fulfilment of the whole penalty +foreshadowed to the delinquent baron in the two concluding stanzas of that +beautiful and touching song sung by Fitz-Eustace in the Hostelrie of +Gifford in the third canto of the poem, which I here transcribe: + + "Where shall the traitor rest, + He the deceiver, + Who could win maiden's breast, + Ruin, and leave her? + In the lost battle + Borne down by the flying, + Where mingles war's rattle, + With groans of the dying-- + There shall he be lying. + Her wing shall the eagle flap + O'er the false-hearted, + His warm blood the wolf shall lap + Ere life be parted. + _Shame and dishonour sit_ + _By his grave ever;_ + _Blessing shall hallow it,_ + _Never, O never!_" + +Then follows the effect produced upon the conscience of the "Traitor," +described in these powerful lines:-- + + "It ceased. the melancholy sound; + And silence sunk on all around. + The air was sad; but sadder still + It fell on Marmion's ear, + And plain'd as if disgrace and ill, + And shameful death, were near." + &c. &c. &c. + +And lastly, when the life of the wounded baron is ebbing forth with his +blood on the field of battle, when-- + + "The Monk, with unavailing cares + Exhausted all the Church's prayers-- + Ever, he said, that, close and near, + A lady's voice was in his ear, + And that the priest he could not hear-- + For that she ever sung, + '_In the lost battle, borne down by the flying,_ + _Where mingles war's rattle with groans of the dying!_'-- + So the notes ring." + +I am the more disposed to submit these remarks to your readers, because it +is highly interesting to trace an irresistible tendency in the genius of +this mighty author towards the fulfilment of prophetic legends and visions +of second sight: and not to extend this paper to an inconvenient length, I +purpose to resume the subject in a future number, and collate some other +examples of a similar character from the works of Sir Walter Scott. + +I write from the southern slopes of Cheviot, almost within sight of the +Hill of Flodden. During the latter years of the great Border Minstrel, I +had the happiness to rank myself among the number of his friends and +acquaintances, and I revere his memory as much as I prized his friendship. + +A BORDERER. + + * * * * * + +GLOUCESTERSHIRE PROVINCIALISMS. + +_To burl, burling; to shunt, &c._--In the report of the evidence regarding +the death of Mrs. Hathway, at Chipping Sodbury, supposed to have been +poisoned by her husband, the following dialectical expression occurs, which +may deserve notice. One of the witnesses stated that he was invited by Mr. +Hathway to go with him into a beer-house in Frampton Cotterell, "and have a +tip," but he declined. + + "Mr. H. went in and called for a quart of beer, and then came out + again, and I went in. He told me 'to burl out the beer, as he was in a + hurry;' and I 'burled' out a glass and gave it to him."--_Times_, Feb. + 28. + +I am not aware that the use of this verb, as a provincialism, has been +noticed; it is not so given by Boucher, Holloway, or Halliwell. In the +Cumberland dialect, a _birler_, or _burler_, is the master of the revels, +who presides over the feast at a Cumberland bidden-wedding, and takes +especial care that the drink be plentifully provided. (_Westmoreland and +Cumberland Dialects_, London, 1839.) + +Boucher and Jamieson have collected much regarding the obsolete use of the +verb _to birle_, to carouse, to pour out liquor. See also Mr. Dyce's notes +on _Elynour Rummyng_, v. 269. (_Skelton's Works_, vol. ii. p. 167.). It is +a good old Anglo-Saxon word--byrlian, _propinare_, _haurire_. In the +Wycliffite versions it occurs repeatedly, signifying to give to drink. See +the Glossary to the valuable edition lately completed by Sir F. Madden and +Mr. Forshall. + +In the _Promptorium Parvulorum_, vol i. p. 51., we find-- + + "Bryllare of drynke, or schenkare: Bryllyn, or schenk drynke, + _propino_: Bryllynge of drynke," &c. + +Whilst on the subject of dialectical expressions, I would mention an +obsolete term which has by some singular chance recently been revived, and +is actually in daily use throughout England in the railway vocabulary--I +mean the verb "to shunt." Nothing is more common than to see announced, +that at a certain station the parliamentary "shunts" to let the Express +pass; or to hear the order--"shunt that truck," push it aside, off the main +line. In the curious ballad put forth in 1550, called "John Nobody" +(Strype's _Life of Cranmer_, App. p. 138.), in derision of the Reformed +church, the writer describes how, hearing the sound of a "synagogue," +namely, a congregation of the new faith, he hid himself in alarm: + + "The I drew me down into a dale, wheras the dumb deer + Did shiver for a shower, but I shunted from a freyke, + For I would no wight in this world wist who I were." + +{205} + +In the Townley Mysteries, _Ascensio Domini_, p. 303., the Virgin Mary calls +upon St. John to protect her against the Jews,-- + + "Mi fleshe it qwakes, as lefe on lynde, + To shontt the shrowres sharper than thorne,"-- + +explained in the Glossary, "sconce or ward off." Sewel, in his _English and +Dutch Dictionary_, 1766, gives--"to shunt (a country word for to shove), +_schuiven_." I do not find "shunt," however, in the Provincial Glossaries: +in some parts of the south, "to shun" is used in this sense. Thus, in an +assault case at Reigate, I heard the complainant say of a man who had +hustled him, "He kept shunning me along: sometimes he shunt me on the +road," that is, pushed me off the footpath on to the highway. + +I hope that the Philological Society has not abandoned their project of +compiling a complete Provincial Glossary: the difficulties of such an +undertaking might be materially aided through the medium of "NOTES AND +QUERIES." + +ALBERT WAY. + + * * * * * + +THE CHAPEL OF LORETTO. + +Among the aerial migrations of the chapel of Loretto, it is possible that +our own country may hereafter be favoured by a visit of that celebrated +structure. In the mean time, as I am not aware that the contributions of +our countrymen to its history have been hitherto commemorated, the +following extract from a note, made by me on the spot some years ago, may +not be unsuitable for publication in "NOTES AND QUERIES." As I had neither +the time nor the patience which the pious, but rather prolix, Scotchman +bestowed upon his composition, I found it necessary to content myself with +a mere abstract of the larger portion. + +The story of the holy House of Loretto is engraved on brass in several +languages upon the walls of the church at Loretto. Among others, there are +two tablets with the story in English, headed "The wondrus flittinge of the +kirk of our blest Lady of Laureto." It commences by stating that this kirk +is the chamber of the house of the Blessed Virgin, in Nazareth, where our +Saviour was born; that after the Ascension the Apostles hallowed and made +it a kirk, and "S. Luke framed a pictur to har vary liknes thair zit to be +seine;" that it was "haunted with muckle devotione by the folke of the land +whar it stud, till the people went after the errour of Mahomet," when +angels took it to Slavonia, near a place called Flumen: here it was not +honoured as it ought to be, and they took it to a wood near Recanati, +belonging to a lady named Laureto, whence it took its name. On account of +the thieveries here committed, it was again taken up and placed near, on a +spot belonging to two brothers, who quarrelled about the possession of the +oblations offered there; and again it was removed to the roadside, near +where it now stands. It is further stated that it stands without +foundations, and that sixteen persons being sent from Recanati to measure +the foundations still remaining at Nazareth, they were found exactly to +agree: + + "And from that tim fourth it has beine surly ken'd that this kirk was + the Cammber of the B. V. whereto Christian begun thare and has ever + efter had muckle devotione, for that in it daily she hes dun and dus + many and many mirakels. Ane Frier Paule, of Sylva, an eremit of muckle + godliness who wond in a cell neir, by this kirk, whar daily he went to + mattins, seid that for ten zeirs, one the eighth of September, tweye + hours before day, he saw a light descende from heaven upon it, whelk he + seyd was the B. V. wha their shawed harselfe one the feest of her + birthe." + +Then follows the evidence of Paule Renalduci, whose grandsire's grandsire +saw the angels bring the house over the sea: also the evidence of Francis +Prior, whose grandsire, a hunter, often saw it in the wood, and whose +grandsire's grandsire had a house close by. The inscription thus +terminates:-- + + "I, Robt. Corbington, priest of the Companie of Iesus in the zeir + MDCXXXV., have treulie translated the premisses out of the Latin story + hanged up in the seid kirk." + +S. SMIRKE. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +"_Nettle in Dock out_" (Vol. iii., p. 133.).--If your correspondent will +refer to _The Literary Gazette_, March 24, 1849, No. 1679., he will find +that I gave precisely the same explanation of that obscure passage of +Chaucer's _Troilus and Creseide_, lib. iv., in a paper which I contributed +to the British Archæological Association. + +FRAS. CROSSLEY. + + [We will add two further illustrations of this passage of Chaucer, and + the popular rhyme on which it is founded. The first is from Mr. + Akerman's _Glossary of Provincial Words and Phrases in Use in + Wiltshire_, where we read-- + + "When a child is stung, he plucks a dock-leaf, and laying it on the + part affected, sings-- + + 'Out 'ettle + In dock + Dock shall ha a new smock; + 'Ettle zhant + Ha' narrun.'" + +Then follows a reference by Mr. Akerman to the passage in _Troilus and +Creseide_.--Our second illustration is from Chaucer himself, who, in his +_Testament of Love_ (p. 482 ed. Urry), has the following passage: + + "Ye wete well Ladie eke (quoth I), that I have not plaid raket, Nettle + in, Docke out, and with the weathercocke waved." + +Mr. Akerman's work was, we believe, published in {206} 1846; and, at all +events, attention was called to these passages in the _Athenæum_ of the +l2th September in that year, No. 985.] + +_Soul separates from the Body._--In Vol. ii., p. 506., is an allusion to an +ancient superstition, that the human soul sometimes leaves the body of a +sleeping person and takes another form; allow me to mention that I +remember, some forty years ago, hearing a servant from Lincolnshire relate +a story of two travellers who laid down by the road-side to rest, and one +fell asleep. The other, seeing a bee settle on a neighbouring wall and go +into a little hole, put the end of his staff in the hole, and so imprisoned +the bee. Wishing to pursue his journey, he endeavoured to awaken his +companion, but was unable to do so, till, resuming his stick, the bee flew +to the sleeping man and went into his ear. His companion then awoke him, +remarking how soundly he had been sleeping, and asked what had he been +dreaming of? "Oh!" said he, "I dreamt that you shut me up in a dark cave +and I could not awake till you let me out." The person who told me the +story firmly believed that the man's soul was in the bee. + +F. S. + +_Lady's Trees._--In some parts of Cornwall, small branches of sea-weed, +dried and fastened in turned wooden stands, are set up as ornaments on the +chimney-piece, &c. The poor people suppose that they preserve the house +from fire, and they are known by the name of "_Lady's trees_," in honour, I +presume, of the Virgin Mary. + +H. G. T. + + Launceston. + +_Norfolk Folk Lore Rhymes._--I have met with the rhymes following, which +may not be uninteresting to some of your readers as _Folk Lore, Norfolk_:-- + + "Rising was, Lynn is, and Downham shall be, + The greatest seaport of the three." + +Another version of the same runs thus: + + "Risin was a seaport town, + And Lynn it was a wash, + But now Lynn is a seaport Lynn, + And Rising fares the worst." + +Also another satirical tradition in rhyme: + + "That nasty stinking sink-hole of sin, + Which the map of the county denominates Lynn." + +Also: + + "Caistor was a city ere Norwich was none, + And Norwich was built of Caistor stone." + +JOHN NURSE CHADWICK. + + King's Lynn. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Note for the Topographers of Ancient London, and for the Monasticon._-- + + "Walter Grendon, Prior of the hospital of St John of Jerusalem, + acknowledges to have received, by the hands of Robert Upgate and Ralph + Halstede,--from Margaret, widow of S^r John Philippott K^t,--Thomas + Goodlak and their partners,--4 pounds in full payment of arrears of all + the rent due to us from their tenement called Jesoreshall in the city + of London. + + "Dated 1. December, 1406." + +From the original in the Surrenden collection. + +L. B. L. + +_Gray and Burns._-- + + "Authors, before they write, should read." + +So thought Matthew Prior; and if that rule had been attended to, neither +would Lord Byron have deemed it worth notice that "_the knell of parting +day_," in Gray's Elegy, "was adopted from Dante;" nor would Mr. Cary have +remarked upon "this plagiarism," if indeed _he_ used the term. (I refer to +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iii., p. 35.) The truth is, that in every good +edition of Gray's _Works_, there is a note to the line in question, _by the +poet himself_, expressly stating that the passage is "_an imitation of the +quotation from Dante_" thus brought forward. + +I could furnish you with various _notes_ on Gray, pointing out remarkable +coincidences of sentiment and expression between himself and other writers; +but I cannot allow _Gray_ to be a plagiary, any more than I can allow +_Burns_ to be so designated, in the following instances:-- + +At the end of the poem called _The Vision_, we find-- + + "And like a passing thought she fled." + +In _Hesiod_ we have-- + + "[Greek: ho d' eptato hôste noêma.]"--_Scut. Herc._ 222. + +Again, few persons are unacquainted with Burns's lines-- + + "Her 'prentice han' she tried on man, + An' then she made," &c. + +In an old play, _Cupid's Whirligig_ (4to. 1607), we read-- + + "Man was made when Nature was but an apprentice, but woman when she was + a skilful mistress of her art." + +Pliny, in his _Natural History_, has the pretty notion that + + "Nature, in learning to form a lily, turned out a convolvulus." + +VARRO. + +_Richard III., Traditional Notice of._--I have an aunt, now eighty-nine +years of age, who in early life knew one who was in the habit of saying: + + "I knew a man, who knew a man, who knew a man who danced at court in + the days of Richard III." + +Thus there have been but three links between one who knew Richard III. and +one now alive. + +My aunt's acquaintance could name his three predecessors, who were members +of his own family: {207} their names have been forgotten, but his name was +Harrison, and he was a member of an old Yorkshire family, and late in life +settled in Bedfordshire. + +Richard died in 1484, and thus five persons have sufficed to chronicle an +incident which occurred nearly 370 years since. + +Mr. Harrison further stated that there was nothing remarkable about +Richard, that he was not the hunchback "lump of foul deformity" so +generally believed until of late years. + +The foregoing anecdote may be of interest as showing that traditions may +come down from remote periods by few links, and thus be but little +differing from the actual occurrences. + +H. J. B. + + 66. Hamilton Terrace, + St. John's Wood, March 5. 1851. + +_Oliver Cromwell._--Echard says that his highness sold himself to the +devil, and _that he had seen the solemn compact_. Anthony à Wood, who +doubtless credited this account of a furious brother loyalist, in his +Journal says: + + "Aug. 30, 1658. Monday, a terrible raging wind happened, which did much + damage. Dennis Bond, a great Oliverian and anti-monarchist, died on + that day, and then the devil took _bond_ for Oliver's appearance." + +Clarendon, assigning the Protector to eternal perdition, not liking to lose +the portent, boldly says the remarkable hurricane occurred on September 3, +the day of Oliver's death. Oliver's admirers, on the other hand, represent +this wind as ushering him into the other world, but for a very different +reason. + +Heath, in his _Flagellum_ (I have the 4th edit.), says: + + It pleased God to usher in his end with a great whale _some three + months before_, June 2, that came up as far as Greenwich, and there was + killed; and more immediately by a terrible storm of wind: the + prognosticks that the great Leviathan of men, that tempest and + overthrow of government, was now going to his own place!" + +I have several works concerning Cromwell, but in no other do I find this +story very like a whale. Would some reader of better opportunities favour +us with a record of these two matters of natural history, not as connected +with the death of this remarkable man, but as mere events? Your well-read +readers will remember some similar tales relative to the death of Cardinal +Mazarine. These exuberances of vulgar minds may partly be attributed to the +credulity of the age, but more probably to the same want of philosophy +which caused the ancients to deal in exaggeration. + +B. B. + +_Snail-eating._--The practice of _eating_, if not of talking to, snails, +seems not to be so unknown in this country as some of your readers might +imagine. I was just now interrogating a village child in reference to the +addresses to snails quoted under the head of "FOLK LORE," Vol. iii., pp. +132. and 179., when she acquainted me with the not very appetising fact, +that she and her brothers and sisters had been in the constant habit of +indulging this horrible _Limacotrophy_. + + "We hooks them out of the wall (she says) with a stick, in winter time, + and not in summer time (so it seems they have their seasons); and we + roasts them, and, when they've done spitting, they be a-done; and we + takes them out with a fork, and eats them. Sometimes we has a jug + heaped up, pretty near my pinafore-full. I loves them dearly." + +Surely this little bit of practical cottage economy is worth recording. + +C. W. B. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +BIDDINGS IN WALES. + +There is a nursery song beginning-- + + "Harry Parry, when will you marry? + When apples and pears are ripe. + I'll come to your wedding, without any bidding, + And," &c. &c. &c. + +Does this mean that I will come without an invitation, or without a +marriage-present? It will be observed that Parry is a Welsh name, and that +bidding is a Welsh custom, as is shown by MR. SPURRELL (Vol. iii., p. +114.). He has anticipated my intention of sending you a bidding-form, which +has been lying upon my table for some weeks, but which I have not had time +to transcribe; I now send it you, because it somewhat varies from MR. +SPURRELL'S, and yet so much resembles it as to show that the same formula +is preserved. Both show that the presents are considered as debts, +transferable or assignable to other parties. Is this the case in all +districts of Wales where the custom of bidding prevails? I think I have +heard that in some places the gift is to be returned only when the actual +donor "enters into the matrimonial state." It will be observed, too, in +these forms, relations only transfer to relations. Is it considered that +they may assign to persons not relations? Some of your Welsh correspondents +may reply to these questions, which may elucidate all the varieties of +practice in a custom which contributes much to the comfort of a young +couple, and, in many instances, is an incentive to prudence, because they +are aware that the debt is a debt of honour, not to be evaded without some +loss of character. + + + + "December 26. 1806. + + "As we intend to enter the Matrimonial State on _Tuesday_ the 20th of + _January_, 1807, we purpose to make a Bidding on the occasion the same + day for the young man at his father's house, in the village of + _Llansaint_, in the parish of _St. Ishmael_; and for the young {208} + woman, at her own house, in the said village of _Llansaint_; at either + of which places the favour of your good company on that day will be + deemed a peculiar obligation; and whatever donation you may be pleased + to confer on either of us then, will be gratefully received, and + cheerfully repaid whenever required on a similar occasion, by + + Your humble servants, + SETH REES, + ANN JENKINS. + + "The young man's father and mother, and also the young woman's father + and mother, and sister Amy, desire that all gifts of the above nature + due to them, may be returned on the same day; and will be thankful for + all favour shown the young couple." + +E. H. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Lord of Relton_ (Vol. iii., p. 56.)--Will your correspondent MONKBARNS +favour me with the date of the paper from which he copied the paragraph +quoted, and whether it was given as being then in use, or as of ancient +date? + +Can any of your readers inform me from what place the Lord of Relton +derived his name? What was his proper name, and who is the present +representative of the family? + +Is there any family of the name of Relton now existing in the neighbourhood +of Langholme, or in Cumberland or Westmoreland? + +F. B. RELTON. + +_Beatrix de Bradney._--In your "NOTES AND QUERIES" for January 25th, 1851, +p. 61., you have given Sir Henry Chauncy's Observations on Wilfred +Entwysel. + +Sir Bertin left a daughter named Lucy, of whom Master Bradene of +Northamptonshire is descended. Can F. R. R., or any genealogist, inform me +whether this Master Bradene is descended from Simon de Bradney, one of the +Knights of the Shire for Somersetshire in the year 1346? In Collins's +_Somersetshire_, vol. iii. p. 92., he mentions: + + "In St. Michael's Church, Bawdrip, under a large Gothic arch lies the + effigy in armour of Sir Simon de Bradney or Bredenie. + + "The Manor of Bradney, in Somersetshire, supposed to have ended in + Beatrix de Bradney, an heiress, and passed with her into other + families; this Beatrix was living in the forty-sixth year of Edward + III." + +Can you inform me whom she married? About sixty-five years ago it was +purchased by the late Joseph Bradney, Esq., of Ham, near Richmond; and his +second son, the Reverend Joseph Bradney, of Greet, near Tenbury, +Shropshire, is the present possessor. + +JULIA R. BOCKETT. + + Southcote Lodge, near Reading. + +"_Letters on the British Museum._"--In the year 1767 was published by +Dodsley a work in 12mo. pp. 92., with the above title; and at p. 85. is +printed "A Pastoral Dialogue," between _Celia_ and _Ebron_, beginning, "As +Celia rested in the shade," which the author states he "found among the +manuscripts." I wish to know, first, who was the anonymous author of these +letters; and, secondly, in what collection of manuscripts this "Dialogue" +is to be found. + +[mu]. + +_Ballad Editing._--The "_Outlandish Knight_" (Vol. iii.,p. 49.).--I was +exceedingly glad to see Mr. F. Sheldon's "valuable contribution to our +stock of ballad literature" in the hands of Mr. Rimbault, and thought the +treatment it received no better than it deserved. _Blackwood_, May, 1847, +reviewed Mr. Sheldon's book, and pointed out several instances of his +"godfathership;" among others, his ballad of the "Outlandish Knight," which +he obtained from "a copy in the possession of a gentleman at Newcastle," +was condemned by the reviewer as "a vamped version of the Scotch ballad of +'May Collean.'" It may be as the reviewer states, but the question I would +wish answered is one affecting the reviewer himself; for, if I mistake not, +the Southron "Outlandish Knight" is the original of "May Collean" itself. I +have by me a copy, in black letter, of the "Outlandish Knight," English in +every respect, and as such differing considerably from Mr. Sheldon's border +edition, and from "May Collean;" and, with some slight alterations, the +ballad I have is yet popularly known through the midland counties. If any +of your correspondents can oblige me with a reference to the first +appearance of "May Collean," sheet or book, I shall esteem it a favour. + +EMUN. + + Birmingham. + +_Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli._--In his controversy with Bowles +touching the poetry of Pope, Byron states that it was upon the Princess of +Eboli, mistress of Philip II. of Spain, and Mangirow, the minion of Henry +III. of France, that the famous Latin epigram, so well known to classic +readers, was composed, concluding with the couplet: + + "Blande puer lumen quod habes concede parenti, + Sic tu cæcus Amor, sic erit illa Venus." + +Can any contributor to the "NOTES AND QUERIES" suggest what authority his +lordship has for his statement? Many years since, a curious paragraph +appeared in one of the public journals, extracted apparently from an +historical work, specifying the extraordinary political embroglios which +the one-eyed duchess occasioned, eliciting from one of the statesmen of her +times the complimentary declaration, that if she had had two eyes instead +of only one, she would have set the universe on fire. A reference to this +work--I fancy one of Roscoe's--would be of material service to an +historical inquirer. + +C. R. H. + +{209} + +_Engraved Portrait._-- + + "All that thou see'st and readest is divine, + Learning thus us'd is water turn'd to wine; + Well may wee then despaire to draw his minde, + View here the case; i'th Booke the Jewell finde." + +The above quatrain is placed beneath a portrait characteristically engraved +by Cross. Above the head is the following inscription:-- + + "Ætatis Suæ 50º. Octob. 10. 1649." + +Of whom is this a portrait? It is no doubt well known to collectors, and is +of course a frontispiece; but having never yet seen it _vis-à-vis_ with a +title-page, I am at a loss as to the author of whom it is the _vera +effigies_. Possibly some of your readers will be kind enough to enlighten +me upon the matter, and favour me with the name of the British worthy thus +handed down to posterity by Cross's admirable burin. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +_Blackstone's Commentaries and Table of Precedence._--The first edition of +Blackstone was published at Oxford in 4to., in the year 1765; and the Table +of Precedence, in the 12th chapter of the First Book, found in subsequent +editions edited by Mr. Christian, does not occur in Blackstone's first +edition. Can any of your readers, having access to good legal theories, +inform me in which of Blackstone's _own_ editions the Table of Precedence +was first inserted? + +E. + +_The Two Drs. Abercromby._--In the latter half of the seventeenth century, +there were two physicians of the name of Abercromby, who both graduated at +the university of Leyden, and were afterwards the authors of various +published works. The first work of David Abercromby mentioned in Watt's +_Bibliotheca_ is dated in 1684, and the first written by Patrick Abercromby +in 1707. As it was usual to compose an inaugural dissertation at obtaining +the doctorate, and such productions were ordinarily printed (in small +quarto), J. K. would feel obliged by the titles and dates of the inaugural +dissertations of either or both of the physicians above mentioned. + +_Witte van Haemstede._--Can any of your readers inform me whether there +still exist any descendants of _Witte van Haemstede_, an illegitimate scion +of the ancient house of _Holland_? _Willem de Water_, in his _Adelijke +Zeeland_, written in the seventeenth century, says that in his youth he +knew a _Witte van Haemstede_ of this family, one of whose sons became +pastor of the Dutch congregation in _London_.--_Navorscher_, Jan. 1851, p. +17. + +_J. Bruckner--Dutch Church in Norwich._--In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for +1804 is a short memoir of the Rev. J. Bruckner. He was born in the island +of Cadsand, completed his studies at Leyden, where he enjoyed the society +of Hemsterhuis, Valckenaer, and the elder Schultens. In 1753 he became +pastor of the Walloon, and afterwards of the Dutch congregation in Norwich, +where he remained till his death in May, 1804. In 1767 he published at +Leyden his _Théorie du Système Animal_; in 1790 appeared his _Criticisms on +the Diversions of Purley_. + +Could your correspondents furnish me with a complete list of Bruckner's +works, and direct me to a history of the Dutch church in Norwich, from its +origin to the present time?--_Navorscher_, Feb. 1851, p. 28. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries Answered. + + [Under this heading we propose to give such Minor Queries as we are + able to reply to at once, but which are not of a nature to be answered + with advantage in our Notices to Correspondents. We hope by this means + to economise our space.] + +_The Hereditary Earl Marshal._--Miss Martineau, in her _History of +England_, book iii. ch. 8., speaks (in 1829) of + + "three Catholic peers, the _Duke of Norfolk_, Lord Clifford, and Lord + Dormer, having obtained entrance _at last_ to the legislative assembly, + where their fathers sat and ruled when their faith was the law of the + land." + +In Lord Campbell's _Lives of the Chancellors_, there is an anecdote, vol. +vii. p. 695., of the Duke of Norfolk falling asleep and _snoring_ in the +House of Lords, while Lord Eldon was on the woolsack. Did not the Duke of +Norfolk (though Roman Catholic) sit and vote in the House of Lords, either +by prescription or special act of parliament, before 1829? + +J. H. S. + + [The anecdote told by Lord Campbell (but much better by Lord Eldon + himself in Twiss's Life of the great Chancellor), does not refer to the + _late_ Duke of Norfolk, but to his predecessor Charles (the eleventh + duke), who was a Protestant. The late duke never sat in parliament till + after the Relief Bill passed. In 1824 a Bill was passed to enable him + to exercise the office of Earl Marshal without taking certain oaths, + but gave him no seat in the House. We may as well add, that Lord + Eldon's joke must have been perpetrated--not on the bringing up of the + Bill, when the duke was not in the House--but on the occasion of the + _Great Snoring Bill being reported_ (April 2, 1811), when the duke + appears to have been present.] + +_The Beggar's Petition._--I shall feel obliged by your informing me who the +author is of the lines-- + + "Pity the sorrows of a poor old man, + Whose trembling limbs have borne him to your door." + +S. + + [The authorship of this little poem has at times excited a good deal of + attention. It has been attributed, on no very sufficient grounds, to + Dr. Joshua Webster, M.D.; but from the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. + lxx., p. 41., it appears that it is the entire production of the {210} + Rev. Thomas Moss, minister of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in + Staffordshire, who wrote it at about the age of twenty-three. He sold + the manuscript of that, and of several others, to Mr. Smart, printer, + in Wolverhampton, who, from the dread which Mr. Moss had of criticism, + was to publish them on this condition, that only twenty copies should + have his name annexed to them, for the purpose of being presented to + his relations and friends.] + +"_Tiring-irons never to be untied._"--To what does Lightfoot (vol. vii. p. +214.) refer when, in speaking of the Scriptures, he says-- + + "They are not unriddleable riddles, and tiring-irons never to be + untied"? + +J. EASTWOOD. + + Ecclesfield. + + [The allusion is to a puzzle for children--often used by grown + children--which consists of a series of iron rings, on to or off which + a loop of iron wire may be got with some labour by those who know the + way, and which is very correctly designated _a tiring-iron_.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +THE MEANING OF EISELL. + + [This controversy is becoming a little too warm for our pages. But MR. + CAUSTON is entitled to have some portion of the letter he has sent to + us inserted. He writes with reference to the communications from MR. + HICKSON and MR. SINGER in our 68th number, p. 119., in reply to MR. + C.'S Article, which, although it had been in our hands a considerable + time, was not inserted until out 65th Number, p. 66.; a delay which + gave to that article the appearance of an attempt to revive a + discussion, whereas it really was written only in continuance of one.] + +To MR. HICKSON I suggest, that whether the notion of "drinking up a river," +or "eating a crocodile," be the more "unmeaning" or "out of place," must +after all be a mere matter of opinion, as the latter must remain a question +of taste; since it seems to be his settled conviction that it is not +"impossible," but only "extravagant." Archdeacon Nares thought it quite the +reverse; and I beg to remind your readers that Shakspearian crocodiles are +never served _à la Soyer_, but swallowed _au naturel_ and entire. + +MR. HICKSON is dissatisfied with my terms "mere verbiage" and "extravagant +rant." I recommend a careful consideration of the scene over the grave of +Ophelia; and then let any one say whether or not the "wag" of tongue +between Laertes and Hamlet be not fairly described by the expressions I +have used,--a paraphrase indeed, of Hamlet's concluding lines: + + "Nay, an thou'lt _mouth_, + I'll _rant_ as well as thou." + +Doubtless Shakspeare had a purpose in everything he wrote, and his purpose +at this time was to work up the scene to the most effective conclusion, and +to display the excitement of Hamlet in a series of beautiful images, which, +nevertheless, the queen his mother immediately pronounced to be "mere +madness," and which one must be as mad as Hamlet himself to adopt as feats +literally to be performed. + +The offence is rank in the eyes of MR. SINGER that I should have styled MR. +HICKSON his friend. The amenities of literature, I now perceive, do not +extend to the case, and a new canon is required, to the effect that "when +one gentleman is found bolstering up the argument of another, he is not, +ever for the nonce, to be taken for his friend." I think the denial to be +expressed in rather strong language; but I hasten to make the _amende_ +suitable to the occasion, by withdrawing the "falsehood and unfounded +insinuation." + +MR. SINGER has further charged me with "want of truth," in stating that the +question remains "substantially where Steevens and Malone had left it." +Wherein, I ask, substantially consists the difference? + +MR. SINGER has merely substituted his "wormwood wine" for Malone's vinegar; +and before he can make it as palatable to common sense, and Shakspeare's +"logical correctness and nicety of expression," as it was to Creed and +Shepley, he must get over the "stalking-horse," the _drink_ UP, which +stands in his way precisely as it did in that of Malone's more legitimate +proposition. MR. SINGER overleaps the difficulty by a bare assertion that +"to _drink_ UP was commonly used for simply to drink." He has not produced +any parallel case of proof, with the exception of one from Mr. Halliwell's +_Nursery Rhymes_. I adopt his citation, and shall employ it against him. + +_Drink_ UP can only be grammatically applied to a determinate total, +whether it be the river Yssell or MR. HICKSON'S dose of physic. Shakespeare +seems to have been well acquainted with, and to have observed, the +grammatical rule which MR. SINGER professes not to comprehend. Thus: + + "I will drink, + _Potions of_ eysell." + Shaksp. _Sonnet_ cxi. + +and + + "Give me to drink mandragora," + _Ant. and Cleop._, Act I. Sc. 5. + +are parallel passages, and imply quantity indeterminate, inasmuch as they +admit of more or less. + +Now MR. SINGER'S obliging quotation from the _Nursery Rhymes_,-- + + "Eat UP your cake, Jenny, + _Drink_ UP YOUR wine"-- + +certainly implies quite the reverse; for it can be taken to mean neither +more nor less than the identical glass of wine that Jenny had standing +before her. A parallel passage will be found in Shakspeare's sonnet +(CXIV.): + + "_Drink up_ the monarch's plague, _this_ flattery:" + +{211} and in this category, on the rule exponed, since it cannot positively +appertain to the other, must, I think, be placed the line of Hamlet,-- + + "Woo't _drink up_ eisell?" + +as a noun implying absolute entirety; which might be a _river_, but could +not be grammatically applied to any unexpressed quantity. + +Now what is the amount and value of MR. SINGER'S proposition? He says: + + "In Thomas's _Italian Dictionary_, 1562, we have 'ASSENZIO, + _Eysell_'[4]; and Florio renders that word [ASSENZIO, not _Eysell_?] by + 'wormwood.' What is meant, however, is _wormwood wine_, a nauseously + bitter medicament then much in use." + +When pressed by LORD BRAYBROOKE ("NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. 286.), +who proved, by an extract from _Pepys's Diary_, that wormwood wine, so far +from bearing out MR. SINGER'S description, was, in fact, a fashionable +luxury, probably not more nauseous than the _pale ale_ so much in repute at +the present day, MR. SINGER very adroitly produced a "corroborative note" +from "old Langham" ("NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. 315.), which, +curiously enough, is castrated of all that Langham wrote pertaining to the +question in issue. Treating of the many virtues of the prevailing tonic as +an appetiser, and restorer "of a good color" to them that be "leane and +evil colored," Langham says: + + ["Make wormwood wine thus: take _aqua vitæ_ and malmsey, of each like + much, put it in a glasse or bottell with _a few leaves of dried + wormwood_, and let it stand certain days,] and strein out a little + spoonfull, and drink it with a draught of ale or wine: [it may be long + preserved.]"[5] + +Thus it will be seen that the reason for "streining out a little spoonfull" +as a restorative for a weak stomach was less on account of the infusion +being so "atrociously unpalatable," than of the alcohol used in its +preparation. + +Dr. Venner also recommends as an excellent stomachic, + + "To drink mornings fasting, and sometimes also before dinner, _a + draught of wormwood-wine_ or beer:" + +and we may gather the "atrocious bitterness" of the restorative, by the +substitute he proposes: "or, for want of them," he continues: + + "white wine or stale beer, wherein a few branches of wormwood have, for + certain hours, been infused."[6] + +Dr. Parr, quoting Bergius, describes _Absinthium_ as "a grateful +stomachic;" and _Absinthites_ as "a pleasant form of the wormwood."[7] + +Is this therefore the article that Hamlet proposed to _drink_ UP with his +crocodile? So far from thinking so, I have ventured to coincide with +Archdeacon Nares in favour of Steevens; for whether it be Malone's vinegar, +or MR. SINGER'S more comfortable stomachic, the challenge to drink either +"_in such a rant_, is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we must +decide for the river, whether its name be exactly found or not."[8] + +I am quite unconscious of any purport in my remarks, other than they appear +on paper; and I should be sorry indeed to accuse MR. SINGER of being +"ignorant" of anything; but I venture to suggest that those young gentlemen +of surpassing spirit, who ate crocodiles, _drank_ UP eisell, and committed +other anomalies against nature in honor of their mistresses, belonged +decidedly to a period of time anterior to that of Shakspeare, and went +quite out with the age of chivalry, of which Shakspeare saw scarcely even +the fag end. Your lover of Shakspeare's time was quite another animal. He +had begun to take beer. He had become much more subtle and self-satisfied. +He did sometimes pen sonnets to his mistress's eye-brow, and sing soft +nothings to the gentle sighing of his "Lewte." He sometimes indeed looked +"pale and wan;" but, rather than for love, it was more than probably from +his immoderate indulgence in the "newe weede," which he _drank_[9], though +I never discovered that it was _drank up_ by him. He generally wore a +doublet and breeches of satin, slashed and lined with coloured taffata; and +walked about with a gilliflower in one hand, and his gloves in the other. +His veritable portrait is extant, and is engraved in Mr. Knight's +_Pictorial Shakspeare_.[10] + +It will be time enough to decide which of us has run his head against "a +stumbling-block of his own making," when MR. SINGER shall have found a +probable solution of his difficulty "by a parallelism in the poet's pages." + +H. K. STAPLE CAUSTON. + + Vassall Road, Brixton, Feb. 21. 1851. + +[Footnote 4: This deduction is not warranted by the _Vocab. della Crusca_, +or any other Ital. Dic. to which I have had the opportunity of reference: +and _Somner_ and _Lye_ are quite distinct on the A.-Sax. words, _Wermod_ +and _Eisell_.] + +[Footnote 5: _Garden of Health_, 4to. London, 1633. The portions within the +brackets were omitted by MR. SINGER.] + +[Footnote 6: _Via Recta ad Vitam Longam_, by Thomas Venner, M.D. 4to. +London, 1660.] + +[Footnote 7: _Med. Dict._] + +[Footnote 8: A description of the rivers Yssel will be found in _Dict. +Géograph. de la Martinière_, v. ix. fo. 1739.] + +[Footnote 9: As the verb "to drink" was not limited to the act of bibition, +but for MR. HICKSON'S decision against drinking up the "sea-serpent," it +might yet become a question whether Hamlet's _eisell_ had not been a +misprint for _eosol_ (asinus).] + +[Footnote 10: _Merchant of Venice_, Introduction.] + +{212} + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_William Chilcott_ (Vol. iii., pp. 38. 73.).--The few notes which follow +are very much at the service of your correspondent. William Chilcott, M.A., +was rector of St. George's, Exeter, where he died on May 30, 1711, at the +age of forty-eight. The coat of arms on the tablet to his memory indicates +that he married a Coplestone. His daughter Catherine died in August, 1695. +The first edition of the _Practical Treatise concerning Evil Thoughts_ was +printed at Exeter in 1690, and was dedicated to his parishioners. Robert +Chilcott, whom I take to be the brother of William, was rector of St. +Mary-Major in Exeter, and died Feb. 7, 1689. + +There does not appear to be any evidence that the persons above mentioned, +were descended from the Chilcotts of Tiverton, though the identity of the +Christian names renders it probable. If the object were to trace their +ancestors or their descendants, much might be added to the suggestions of +E.A.D. by searching the registers at Tiverton, and by comparing Prince's +_Worthies of Devon_, ed. 1810, p. 213., and Polwhele's _Devon_, vol. iii. +p. 351., with Harding's _Tiverton_; in various parts of which eight or nine +individuals of the name are mentioned; especially vol. i. book ii. p. 114.; +vol. ii. book iii. pp. 101, 102. 167. 183., and book iv., p. 20., where the +connexion of the Chilcotts with the families of Blundell, Hooper, +Collamore, Crossing, Slee, and Hill, is set forth. Failing these, the +object might be attained by reference to the registers at Stogumber, co. +Somerset, and of Northam, near Bideford, with the inscribed floorstones in +the church there. Something might perhaps be learned of their descendants +by reference to the registers at Exeter, and those at Morchard-Bishop, +where a John Chilcott resided in 1700; Nympton St. George, where a family +of the same name lived about 1740; North Molton, where C. Chilcott was +vicar in 1786; and Dean Prior, where Joseph Chilcott was vicar about 1830. +A Mr. Thomas Chilcott, who was an organist at Bath, married Ann, daughter +of the Rev. Chichester Wrey. This lady died in 1758, and was buried at +Tavistock, near Barnstaple. The coat of arms on the tablet to her memory is +almost identical with the coat of the Rev. William Chilcott of Exeter first +above mentioned. + +J. D. S. + +_Fossil Elk of Ireland_ (Vol. iii., p. 121.).--In the _Edinburgh Journal of +Science_, New Series, vol. ii., 1830, p. 301., is a curious paper by the +late Dr. Hibbert Ware, under the title of "Additional Contributions towards +the History of the Cervus Euryceros, or Fossil Elk of Ireland." It is +illustrated with a copy of an engraving of an animal which Dr. H. W. +believes to have been the same as the Irish elk, and which was living in +Prussia at the time of the publication of the book from which it is taken, +viz. the _Cosmographia Universalis_ of Sebastian Munster: Basiliæ, 1550. + +Dr. H. W. in this paper refers to a former one in the third volume of the +first series of the same journal, in which he advanced proofs that the +Cervus was a race which had but very recently become extinct. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + + Edinburgh, Feb. 19. 1851. + +_Canes Lesos_ (Vol. iii. p. 141.).--In a note to Beckwith's edition of +Blount's _Jocular Tenures_, 4to. 1815, p. 225., Mr. Allan of Darlington +anticipates your correspondent C. W. B., and says, respecting Blount's +explanation of "Canes lesos," "I can meet with no such word in this sense: +why may it not be dogs that have received some hurt? _læsos_ from _lædo_." +_Clancturam_ should be _clausturam_, and so it is given in the above +edition, and explained "a tax for fencing." + +S. W. SINGER. + +"_By Hook or by Crook_" (vol. iii. p. 116.).--However unimaginative the +worthy Cit may be for whose explanation of this popular phrase J. D. S. has +made himself answerable, the solution sounds so pretty, that to save its +obtaining further credence, more than your well-timed note is needed. I +with safety can contradict it, for I find that "Tusser," a Norfolk man +living in the reign of Henry VIII., in a poem which he wrote as a complete +monthly guide and adviser for the farmer through the year, but which was +not published till 1590, in the thirty-second year of Queen Elizabeth, has +the following advice for March 30: + + "Of mastiues and mongrels, that many we see + A number of thousands, to many there be: + Watch therefore in Lent, to thy sheepe go and looke, + For dogs will have vittels, by hooke and by crooke." + +This must be a Norfolk phrase; for in January he advises farmers possessing +"Hollands," rich grass lands, to only keep ewes that bear twins, +"twinlins." + +BLOWEN. + +This appears as a well-known proverbial expression long before the time +pointed out by J. D. S. Thus, in _Devout Contemplations_, by Fr. Ch. de +Fonseca, Englished by J. M., London, 1629, we read that the Devil + + "Overthroweth monasteries; through sloth and idleness soliciting + religious men to be negligent in coming to Church, careless in + preaching, and loose in their lives. In the marriage bed he soweth + tares, treacheries, and lightness. With worldly men he persuadeth that + he is nobody that is not rich, and therefore, _bee it by hooke or by + crooke_, by right or wrong, he would have them get to be wealthy." + +W. D--N. + +_Suem._--Allow me to suggest to your correspondents C. W. G. (Vol. iii., p. +7.) and [Delta]. (Vol. iii., p. 75.), that _suem_ is probably a form of the +A.-S. word _seam_, a _horse-load_, and generally a _burden_. For cognates, +see Bosworth's _A.-S. Dict._ {213} I may add, that the word is written +_swun_ in a charter of Edward the Confessor, printed by Hickes in his +_Thesaurus_, vol. i. p. 159., as follows: + + "--ic ann [þæt] ðridde treow. [et] [þæt] ðridde swun of ævesan ðæs + nextan wudes ðe liþ to kyngesbyrig," &c. + +Which Hickes thus renders: + + "Dono tertiam quamque arborem, et tertiam quamque sarcinam jumentariam + fructuum, qui nascuntur in sylva proxime ad kyngesbyrig sita," &c. + +R. M. W. + +_Sir George Downing_ (Vol. iii., p. 69.).--The following extract of a +letter in Cartes' _Letters_, ii. 319., confirms the accuracy of the +memorandum as to Sir G. Downing's parentage, sent you by J. P. C. The +letter is from T. Howard to Charles II., written April 5, 1660, on the eve +of the Restoration. Downing had offered to Howard to serve the King,-- + + "alleging to be engaged in a contrary party by his father, who was + banished into New England, where he was brought up, and had sucked in + principles that since his reason had made him see were erroneous." + +CH. + +_Miching malicho_ (Vol. iii., p. 3.).--Your correspondent MR. COLLIER is +probably not aware that his suggestion respecting the meaning of _Malicho_ +had been anticipated upwards of twenty years since. In the unpretending +edition of Shakspeare by another of your correspondents, MR. SINGER, +printed in 1825, I find the following note:-- + + "_Miching malicho_ is lurking mischief, or evil doing. _To mich_, for + to skulk, to lurk, was an old English verb in common use in + Shakspeare's time; and _Malicho_, or _Malhecho_, misdeed, he has + borrowed from the Spanish. Many stray words of Spanish and Italian were + then affectedly used in common conversation, as we have seen French + used in more recent times. The Quarto spell the word _Mallicho_. Our + ancestors were not particular in orthography, and often spelt according + to the ear." + +I have since looked at MR. COLLIER'S note to which he refers, and find that +he interprets _miching_ by _stealing_, which will not suit the context; and +abundant examples may be adduced that to _mich_ was to _skulk_, to _lurk_, +as MR. SINGER has very properly explained it. Thus Minsheu:-- + + "To MICHE, or secretly hide himself out of the way, as TRUANTS doe from + Schoole, vi. _to hide_, to cover." + +and again-- + + "A _micher_, vi. _Truant_." + +MR. COLLIER'S text, too, is not satisfactory, for he has abandoned the old +word _Malicho_, and given _Mallecho_, which is as far from the true form of +the Spanish word as the old reading, which he should either have preserved +or printed _Malhecho_, as Minsheu gives it. + +I am glad to see from your pages that MR. SINGER has not entirely abandoned +Shakspearian illustration, for in my difficulties I have rarely consulted +his edition in vain; and, in my humble opinion, it is as yet the most +practically useful and readable edition we have. + +FIAT JUSTITIA. + +_Cor Linguæ, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 168.).--The lines quoted by J. Bs. occur +in the poem "De Palpone et Assentatore," printed in the volume of _Latin +Poems_, commonly attributed to Walter Mapes, edited by Mr. T. Wright for +the Camden Society, 1841, at p. 112., with a slight variation in +expression, as follows:-- + + "Cor linguæ foederat naturæ sanctio, + Tanquam legitimo quodam connubio; + Ergo cum dissonant cor et locutio, + Sermo concipitur ex adulterio." + +Mr. Wright's only source quoted for the poem is MS. Cotton, Vespas, E. xii. +Of its authority he remarks (Preface, p. xx.), that the writer's name was +certainly Walter, but that he appears to have lived at Wimborne, with which +place Walter Map is not traced to have had any connexion; and if Mr. +Wright's conjecture be correct, that the young king alluded to in it is +Henry III., it must of course have been written some years after Walter +Map's death. + +J. G. N. + +_Under the Rose_ (Vol. i., pp. 214. 458.; Vol. ii., pp. 221. 323.).--I am +surprised that no one has noticed Sir T. Browne's elucidations of this +phrase. (_Vulg. Err._ lib. v. cap. 21. § 7.) Besides the explanation +referred to by ARCHÆUS (Vol. i., p. 214.), he says: + + "The expression is commendable, if the rose from any _naturall_ + propertie may be the symbole of silence, as Nazienzene seems to imply + in these translated verses-- + + 'Utque latet Rosa verna suo putamine clausa, + Sic os vinela ferat, validisque arctetur habenis, + Indicatque suis prolixa silentia labris.'" + +He explains "the Germane custome, which over the table describeth a rose in +the seeling" (Vol. ii., pp. 221. 323.), by making the phrase to refer only +to the secrecy to be observed "in society and compotation, from the ancient +custome in Symposiacke meetings to wear chapletts of roses about their +heads." + +ACHE. + +"_Impatient to speak and not see_" (Vol. ii., p. 490.).--There is no doubt +of the fine interpretation of your correspondent; but it is not illustrated +by the Latin. Also, I apprehend, "indocilis pati" is not put for "indocilis +patiendi." It is a common use of _to_--proud to be praised; angry to be so +ill-treated. + +It illustrates a line in Hotspur, the construction of which Warburton would +have altered: + + "I then, all smarting, and my wounds being cold, + _To be_ so pestered," &c., _i.e._ at being. + +May I mention a change in _Troilus and Cressida_ which I have long +entertained, but with doubt: + + "And with an accent tun'd in self-same key, + Retires to chiding fortune." + +{214} + +Pope reads "returns," Hanmer "replies." My conjecture is "recries." + +C. B. + +_Bishop Frampton_ (Vol. iii., p. 61.).--See an interesting notice of his +preaching in Pepys' _Diary_, Jan. 20, 1666-7; and what is said of him in +Lathbury's _Nonjurors_, p. 203. But probably MR. EVANS is already aware of +these references to Bishop Frampton, whose life is a desideratum which many +will be glad to hear is going to be supplied. + +E. H. A. + +_Old Tract on the Eucharist_ (Vol. iii., p. 169.).--The author of the tract +on the Eucharist, referred to by ABHBA, was the Rev. John Patrick. The +title of the tract, as given in the catalogues of Archbishop Wake, No. 22.; +of Dr. Gee, No. 73.; and of Peck, No. 286., of the _Discourses against +Popery during the Reign of James II._, is as follows:-- + + "A Full View of the Doctrines and Practices of the Ancient Church + relating to the Eucharist, wholly different from those of the present + _Roman_ Church, and inconsistent with the Belief of Transubstantiation; + being a sufficient Confutation of _Consensus Veterum_, _Nubes Testium_, + and other late Collections of the Fathers pretending the contrary. By + _John Patrick, Preacher at the Charter-house_, 1688. 4to." + +E. C. HARRINGTON. + + Exeter, March 3. 1851. + +This tract is in 4to., and contains pp. xv. 202. It is one of the more +valuable of the numerous tracts published on the Roman Catholic controversy +during the reign of James II. In a collection of more than two hundred of +these made at the period of publication, and now in my library, the names +of the authors are written upon the titles, and this is attributed to _Mr. +Patrick_. In another collection from the library of the late Mr. Walter +Wilson, it is stated to be by _Bishop Patrick_. Bishop Gibson reprinted the +tract in his _Preservative against Popery_, London, 1738, fol. vol. ii. +tit. vii. pp. 176--252.; and in the table of contents says that it was +written by "Mr. Patrick, late preacher of the Charter-house." Not Bishop +Patrick therefore, but his brother, Dr. John Patrick, who died 1695, aged +sixty-three, was the author of this tract. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + +_Was Hugh Peters ever on the Stage?_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--I possess + + "A Dying Father's last Legacy to an Onely Child, or Hugh Peter's Advice + to his Daughter. Written by his own Hand during his late Imprisonment + in the Tower of London, and given her a little before his Death. + London, 1660:" + +which advice he ends, p. 94., with-- + + "The Father of our Lord Jesus Christ preserve you to his Heavenly + Kingdom, my poor child. + + "To ELIZABETH PETERS." + +And then, after a poem at p. 97., he commences a short sketch of his life +with-- + + "I shall give you an account of myself and dealings, that (if possible) + you may wipe off some dirt, or be the more content to carry it." + +That part of his life which would bear upon this subject reads thus, p. +98.:-- + + "When (at Cambridge) I spent some years vainly enough, being but + fourteen years old when thither I came, my tutor died, and I was + exposed to my shifts. Coming from thence, at London God struck me with + the sense of my sinful estate by a sermon I heard under Paul's." + +The wonderful success of his lecture at Sepulchre's caused it to be +asserted by his enemies, that his enthusiastic style of preaching was but +stage buffoonery. (See p. 100.) + + "At this lecture the resort grew so great, that it contracted envie and + anger ... There were six or seven thousand hearers ... and I went to + Holland:" + +thereby leaving his character to be maligned. I do not believe, from the +tone of the condemned man's _Legacy_, that he would purposely avoid any +mention of the stage, had he appeared on it, and "usually performed the +part of a clown;" in fact it appears, that immediately on his coming into +London he was awakened by the "sermon under Paul's, which stuck fast:" he +almost directly left for Essex, and was converted by "the love and labours +of Mr. Thomas Hooker. I there preacht;" so that he was mostly preaching +itinerantly in Essex, when it is asserted that he was "a player in +Shakespeare's company." That _Legacy_ in question, and a book autograph of +Hugh Peters, are at the service of DR. RIMBAULT. + +BLOWEN. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +All who take an interest in English philology will join in the wish +expressed a few pages back by one of the highest authorities on the +subject, Mr. Albert Way--namely, "that the Philological Society has not +abandoned their project of compiling a complete Provincial Glossary;" and +will greet as a valuable contribution towards that great desideratum, every +skilful attempt to record a local dialect. As such, Mr. Sternberg's +valuable little book, _The Dialect and Folk Lore of Northamptonshire_, will +meet a hearty welcome from our philological friends; and no less hearty a +welcome from those who find in "popular superstitions, fairy-lore, and +other traces of Teutonic heathenism," materials for profitable speculation +on the ancient mythology of these islands. We are bound to speak thus +favourably of Mr. Sternberg's researches in this department, since some +portion of them were first communicated by him to our Folk-Lore columns. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynedd, by the Rev. William +Basil Jones, M.A._ A learned essay on the subject of deep interest to the +antiquaries {215} of the Principality, involving, as it does among other +questions, that of the claim of the Gael, or the Cymry, to be the +aborigines of the country. + +_The Book of Family Crests, comprising nearly every Family Bearing, +properly blazoned and explained, accompanied by upwards of Four Thousand +Engravings, with the Surnames of the Bearers, Dictionary of Mottoes, and +Glossary of Terms_, in 2 Vols., Sixth Edition. The best criticism on this +popular work, with its _well blazoned_ title-page bearing the words SIXTH +EDITION on its _honour point_, is to state, as a proof of its completeness, +that it records the Crests of upwards of ninety _Smiths_, and nearly fifty +_Smyths_ and _Smythes_. + +_Illustrations of Medieval Costume in England, collected from MSS. in the +British Museum_, by T. A. Day and J. B. Dines. When before did English +antiquaries see four plates of costume, some of them coloured, sold for one +shilling? As an attempt at cheapening and so popularising archæological +literature, the work deserves encouragement. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--William and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street, Covent +Garden) German Book Circular, No. 27.; G. Bumstead's (205. High Holborn) +Catalogue Part 49. of Interesting and Rare Books; Cole's (15. Great +Turnstile) List No. 33. of very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle +Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 26. of Books in all Languages. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ARCHÆOLOGIA. Vol. 3. + +FRERE'S TRANSLATIONS FROM ARISTOPHANES. + +MORRISON'S EDIT. OF BURNS' WORKS, 4 Vols., printed at Perth. + +HERD'S COLLECTION OF ANCIENT AND MODERN SCOTTISH SONGS, Vol. 2. Edin. 1778. + +BLIND HARRY'S "WALLACE," edited by Dr. Jamieson. 4to. Companion volume to +"THE BRUCE." + +BARROW'S (ISAAC) WORKS. Vol. 1. 1683; or 8 leaves a--d, "Some Account of +the Life," &c. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +R. C. P. "Thal," "Theam," "Thealonia," _in the Charter referred to, are +certain rights of toll, of which the peculiarities will be found in any Law +Dictionary; and "Infangethe" was the privilege of judging any thief within +the fee._ + +S. P. Q. R. _We must refer this correspondent also to a Law Dictionary for +a full explanation of the terms Sergeant and Sergeantcy. A Deed_ Poll _is +plain at the top, and is so called to distinguish it from a Deed_ Indented, +_which is cut in and out at the top._ + +TYRO. _The work quoted as_ Gammer Gurton _in the_ Arundines Cami, _is the +collection of_ Nursery Rhymes _first formed by Ritson, and of which an +enlarged edition was published by Triphook in 1810, under the title of_ +Gammer Gurton's Garland, _or_ The Nursery Parnassus, &c. + +R. C. _The music, &c. of_ "The Roast Beef of England," "Britons Strike +Home," _and_ "The Grenadier's March," _will be found in Mr. Chappell's_ +Collection of National English Airs. _Webbe's Glee_, "Hail Star of +Brunswick," _the words of which are by Young, may doubtless be got at +Cramer's. We cannot point out a collection containing the words and music +of_ "Croppies lie down." + +K. R. H. M. _All received._ + +A. E. B. _is thanked for his suggested monogram, which shall not be lost +sight of: also for his friendly criticism._ + +HERMES. _We have received a packet from Holland for our correspondent. Will +he inform us how it may be forwarded to him?_ + +M. or N. _The meaning of these initials in our_ Catechism _and_ Form of +Matrimony _is still involved in great obscurity. See_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," +Vol. i., pp. 415. 476.; Vol. ii., p. 61. + +DE NAVORSCHER. _Mr. Nult is the London Agent for the supply of our Dutch +ally, the yearly subscription to which is about Ten Shillings._ + +"Conder on Provincial Coins" _has been reported to the Publisher. Will the +person who wants this book send his address?_ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Head of the Saviour--Borrow's Danish Ballads--Mistletoe +on Oaks--Lord Howard of Effingham--Passage in Merchant of +Venice--Waste-book--Dryden's Absolom--MS. of Bede--Altar +Lights--Auriga--Ralph Thoresby's Library--St. John's Bridge Fair--Closing +Rooms--North Side of Churchyards--Barons of Hugh Lupus--Tandem +D. O. M.--Fronte Capillatâ--Haybands in Seals--Hanger--Countess of +Desmond--Aristophanes on Modern Stage--Engimatical Epitaph--Notes on +Newspapers--Duncan Campbell--MS. Sermons by J. Taylor--Dr. +Dodd--D. O. M. S.--Hooper's Godly Confession--Finkle Street--"She was--but +words are wanting"--Umbrella--Conquest--Old Tract on the Eucharist--Prince +of Wales's Motto--By Hook or by Crook--Lights on the Altar--Derivation of +Fib, &c.--Extradition, Ignore, &c.--Obeahism--Thesaurus Hospitii--Christmas +Day--Camden and Curwen Families--Death by Burning--Organ Blower--Thomas +May--Friday Weather._ + +VOLS. I. and II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price +9s. 6d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE LONDON HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, 32. Golden-square: founded by the British +Homoeopathic Association, and supported by voluntary contributions. + + Patroness--H. R. H. the Duchess of CAMBRIDGE. + Vice-Patron--His Grace the Duke of BEAUFORT, K.G. + Treasurer--John Dean Paul, Esq. (Messrs. 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