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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/24080-h.zip b/24080-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1337aa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/24080-h.zip diff --git a/24080-h/24080-h.htm b/24080-h/24080-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d1673c --- /dev/null +++ b/24080-h/24080-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1050 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Stewardship Of The Soil, by J. H. Worst. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .center {text-align: center;} + + .author {text-align:center; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold;} + .title_cap {text-align:center; font-size:2.0em; font-weight:bold;} + + .address {text-align:center; font-size:1.1em;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's The Stewardship of the Soil, by John Henry Worst + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Stewardship of the Soil + Baccalaureate Address + +Author: John Henry Worst + +Release Date: December 31, 2007 [EBook #24080] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STEWARDSHIP OF THE SOIL *** + + + + +Produced by K. Nordquist, Greg Bergquist and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p class="title_cap"> STEWARDSHIP OF THE SOIL<br /> +<br /> +WORST </p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="title_cap"><i>The</i><br /> +STEWARDSHIP<br /> +OF THE SOIL<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<div class="figcenter" > +<img src="images/i-p-001b.jpg" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<i>Address by</i><br /> +JOHN HENRY WORST</p> + +<p class="author"> +<i>President of</i> NORTH DAKOTA<br /> +AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="title_cap"><i>The Stewardship<br /> +of the Soil</i></p> + +<hr style="width: 15%; margin-top: -1.0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; " /> +<hr style="width: 15%; margin-top: 0.2em; + margin-bottom: -0.5em; " /> + +<p class="author">BACCALAUREATE ADDRESS BY<br /> +JOHN HENRY WORST<br /> +PRESIDENT NORTH DAKOTA<br /> +AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<div class="figcenter" > +<img src="images/i-p-003b.jpg" alt="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 35%;" /> +<p class="address"> <i>Delivered at the Twenty First Annual Commencement of the</i><br /> +<i>North Dakota Agricultural College</i><br /> +<i>Fargo, North Dakota, June Sixth, Nineteen Hundred Fifteen</i></p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" > +<img src="images/i-p-005b.jpg" alt="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h1><i>The Stewardship of the Soil</i></h1> + +<h2><i>By</i> J. H. WORST</h2> + +<p>Our ambitious young commonwealth, in conjunction with other states +comprising the great Northwest, occupies a commanding position in the +industrial and economic affairs of this nation.</p> + +<p>Mines of gold and silver or forests primeval North Dakota does not have; +but from the millions of fertile acres comprising our vast agricultural +empire, we may reap a golden harvest every year that will exceed in +wealth the output of all the golden placers in the western mountains.</p> + +<p>The harvest of minerals, however, can be gathered but once. Time will +not restore the precious nuggets.</p> + +<p>The forests once harvested can, at great expense, be renewed in the +course of a century; but our harvest of domestic plants and animals +recurs with every passing season to recompense the farmer for his toil +and to enrich the farmer's friends.</p> + +<p>What a precious theme is harvest! The hopes, the well-being, the life of +the world is fast bound up in the magic of this single word.</p> + +<p>The soil upon which the harvest depends, moreover, is God's benediction +to humanity. Measured by consequences, Heaven has vouchsafed no form of +stewardship that is fraught with such tremendous responsibilities as +this stewardship of the soil. In the final analysis this stewardship +represents the farmer's obligation to society.</p> + +<p>And yet sacred as is the soil and binding as is the farmer's obligation +to society, the means for providing the world's food is nevertheless at +his mercy.</p> + +<p>It is a well-known fact that the soil can readily be depleted of its +fertility and thus robbed of its strength by a system of exploitation, +commonly referred to as "extensive farming." Too much of our land is +being thus exploited. On the other hand the productiveness of the soil +may be very greatly improved. Denmark, Belgium, Germany, and other +European nations have fully demonstrated, that by the application of +science to the art of agriculture, the productiveness of the soil can be +multiplied almost to the limit of necessity.</p> + +<p><i>A Progressive Agriculture.</i> Fortunately Nature has supplied every means +for the development of a progressive and permanent agriculture. It is +also obvious that it is man's privilege, if not his mission, to improve +upon Nature—to substitute quality for mere physical endurance, in +agricultural products.</p> + +<p>By the grace of Providence the individuals of the animal and vegetable +kingdoms were not created inflexible in habit or perfect in form, but +they may be changed in character and quality and intrinsic worth at the +will of the intelligent and observing farmer. To this end agricultural +education lends its beneficent influence. Man's dominion over Nature +would be such in name only were it not for the class-room and the +laboratory, for research and investigation; for by these means +scientific knowledge is obtained and diffused and eventually brought to +bear upon the solution of the most vital problems that concern the human +family. These problems center largely around food and clothing. To +supply these necessities an industry is created—the business of +agriculture—the most important industry in all the world. An industry +of such fundamental importance, moreover, should receive from the states +and from the federal government financial consideration in proportion to +its moral and economic importance as well as to the probabilities that +may be entertained for its continued improvement. For abundant as are +earth's natural resources, yet without the aid and direction of human +intelligence they could not supply the world's ever increasing +population with food, clothing and shelter. Complying with known +conditions of natural reciprocity, however, the animal and vegetable +kingdoms submit to whatever modifications become necessary in order to +supply the needs of the human family.</p> + +<p><i>Nature's Forces Operate Blindly.</i> Moved, therefore, partly by necessity +and partly by curiosity, the material world has been and is being +continually modified by the ingenuity of man. Undirected, however, +Nature's forces act blindly; hence, produce mainly such qualities in +organic life as endurance, or adaptation to local soil and climatic +conditions. In the animal and vegetable kingdoms the universal demand of +Nature is to perpetuate their species—"to produce after their own +kind." In accordance with this law the humblest plant or animal is +compelled to maintain a perpetual warfare against its fellows for means +of subsistence.</p> + +<p>This competition for nourishment is usually so sharp and continuous that +mere existence or endurance rather than excellence or quality, seems to +be the end and aim of natural law. Hence, the strong survive and the +weak perish.</p> + +<p><i>Beginnings of Agriculture.</i> Here agriculture begins. By relieving +plants of this intense competition by means of tillage, and by selecting +the most promising for domestication, they are enabled to use all their +energy for the development of those qualities which add to their +intrinsic value, instead of expending it in the struggle for existence. +Given, thus, free access to the soil and sunshine, with needful +nourishment supplied and their fungous or parasitical enemies destroyed, +the domesticated plants yield trustful obedience to the protecting hand +of the husbandman. Freed altogether from the necessity of +self-protection they become prolific and pour into the world's bread +basket in marvelous abundance the seeds—a single one of which would +suffice to answer Nature's law for the propagation of species. This +surplus of yield for which each plant has need of but a single seed, and +more especially this improvement of quality for which the plant has no +concern, is Nature's reciprocal reward for having given her children +gratuitously that protection which otherwise they would have had to +provide for themselves.</p> + +<p>Nor is animal life less susceptible of improvement. Between the animal +wild and the animal domesticated—that is whether Nature-bred or +man-bred—the range in quality is as marked as that which separates the +savage from the philosopher.</p> + +<p>Nature demands only strength, endurance; but man demands quality and +excellence, and he proceeds scientifically to accomplish his purpose. By +conscious design and a sort of mental architecture the animal to be is +planned, and the picture thus conceived in the brain of the breeder +becomes incarnated in the form, size and character of the animal. Not +only is the animal created with the desired quality as to its parts and +products, but its nature is transformed from fear and ferocity to that +of trust and docility.</p> + +<p>For example the descendants of the wild horse are not only changed from +vicious brutes to trustful beasts of burden, but are also differentiated +into many different breeds to meet the demands of strength, speed or +endurance. Specimens of such breeds as the Belgian, Percheron or +Hambletonian exist as monuments to the breeder's art no less renowned +and for more useful purpose than anything in Nature, the likeness of +which the sculptor has wrought in marble or the artist has transferred +from life to canvass.</p> + +<p>From the wild buffalo, presumably, the ideal strains of pedigree kine, +for beef or dairy products, have been created as surely and even more +scientifically than the sculptor has immortalized his ideals in granite +or marble.</p> + +<p>Thus animal life is to the skillful breeder as clay in the hands of the +potter, and though a supersensitive and artificial generation may look +upon this form of genius as vulgar, it nevertheless is God's work and +the doers thereof are working with God. For without this incarnation of +quality into plant and animal life the world's population could not +supply its fundamental wants nor could civilization rise above the +animal instincts in man.</p> + +<p>The farmer, therefore, is a most important personage, and his vocation +the most absolutely needful in all the world. The farmer is in very +truth a creator, certainly a co-creator, improving Nature by the aid of +science, just as the human mind and character are improved by means of +education. And when the prejudice of the ages has been rolled away the +name "farmer" will rank among the most envied names that enrich our +mother tongue. Here, indeed, may be verified the saving: "The first +shall be last and the last shall be first."</p> + +<p>While we honor the sculptor, the painter or the poet whose genius +partakes of the immortal, and yet satisfies no hungry mouth, some degree +of honor might well be given to this other sort of genius which has +multiplied human food beyond computation and has otherwise so largely +mitigated the burdens of life.</p> + +<p><i>Vocational Education.</i> From the foregoing it is little wonder that the +education of the masses is surely and rapidly gravitating from the +classical to the utilitarian, from the formal to the vocational. The +world's work must be done, and as those whose stewardship is the soil +are compelled to render a combined physical and mental service in order +to discharge their social obligations, they are entitled to education in +harmony with the tasks awaiting them, to the end that they may work +intelligently, hence joyfully.</p> + +<p>Agriculture and engineering, therefore, are fundamental vocations when +considered either from the view-point of necessity or the country's +prosperity. By many, however, the spiritual well-being of a people is +considered paramount, and in a sense it is, but a cheerful soul seldom +inhabits a naked or hungry body.</p> + +<p>As food, clothing and shelter are absolute necessities, no degree of +culture or religious enthusiasm can render them less needful. Heaven's +choicest physical gift, the soil, provides the means for acquiring these +indispensable necessities, and the vocation that accepts the +responsibility of its stewardship ministers to the physical, as +educators minister to the mental, or the clergy to the spiritual needs +of man. Moreover, in the order of Nature the physical takes precedence, +being primary and basic, and until legitimate physical wants are +supplied, neither mental nor spiritual food can be satisfactorily +assimilated.</p> + +<p>A commonwealth, therefore, that educates her children in due proportion +to and in harmony with the demands of her principal industry, acts the +part of wisdom. In this the state becomes the servant of both present +and future generations by training her children for the conservation of +Nature's gifts, while yet multiplying their use for the comfort and +happiness of all the people. If the clergy would preach occasionally +from the book of Nature, they would discover a proximity to and +dependence upon God enjoyed by him who sows and reaps, who cultivates +animals and flowers, who creates things and works miracles as his +ordinary life work, which few others can enjoy. Such themes might not +only be expounded with profit to those who work their fellowmen, but +should also be impressed betimes upon those who work the soil for the +good of their fellowmen.</p> + +<p><i>The Paramount Problem.</i> The paramount problem, therefore, is to make +the conditions of rural life desirable—to convert farming into an +enjoyable vocation; to make farm life and its labors a business to be +envied and not despised. The fact is, planning for beauty and comfort in +the city has progressed far and away beyond the country. It now but +remains for the country to catch up and go the city many times better. +This is entirely possible, since the great "out doors" is a country +heritage and ample spaces are available for exterior delights such as +trees, shrubbery and flowers, and for free access to abundance of pure +air and sunshine.</p> + +<p>Moreover, we should not forget that we are now living in a new world. +The old agriculture and its associated rural industries have been shaken +to their very foundation. This makes the solution of the rural problem, +to some extent, speculative.</p> + +<p>For one thing the country is becoming urbanized. This may prove helpful. +Again it may not. Individualism, however, is giving place more and more +to commercialized enterprise. At the same time the evils of transient +tenantry follow close upon the heels of successful farming, where +farmers rent their land and move to town; and also of unsuccessful +farming, where the mortgage shark eventually becomes possessed of the +land. What the state needs to encourage, therefore, is farm ownership by +the many rather than by the few, and farm ownership rather than farm +tenantry. We must retain on the farm, as farmers, the best type of +American manhood and womanhood or the nation will fall into decay, just +as Rome fell with the decline of her agrarian influence.</p> + +<p>The consolidated country school, by rendering obsolete the one room +district school house, is a progressive step toward improved educational +facilities for rural children.</p> + +<p>The country church, on the other hand, has become more decadent than +aggressive. This among other rural agencies is not organized in +proportion to its importance. Some progress, however, is being made by +means of social organizations, but the ultimate solution of the rural +problem depends more largely upon education than upon any other single +factor.</p> + +<p><i>Rural Social Leaders.</i> Rural social leaders in full sympathy with the +country life movement will find here a fruitful field for earnest +endeavor. To no class should the state look for such leadership, and +with so much assurance, as to the alumni of its Agricultural College. +Educated at public expense and in an institution of higher learning that +stands specifically for all-round rural improvement and rural +patriotism, the students that go out from this college cannot +misinterpret their duties nor fail to understand the responsibilities +they assume as graduates of the North Dakota Agricultural College. Nor +is their field of labor an unenviable one. It may at times seem irksome, +even discouraging, but nevertheless it is the most exalted and dignified +calling to which men and women of special training and culture can +aspire.</p> + +<p>To rescue the soil from the indifference and greed and selfishness +wherein this generation unwittingly robs succeeding generations of their +rightful inheritance, and to rescue the very vocation of agriculture +from mercenary interests is a mission worthy of the best leadership and +patriotism of our day. But it must not stop even at this. The public +welfare demands that nearly half the population of the entire country, +and certainly four-fifths of the population of this state, shall +permanently pursue agriculture for a livelihood. This vocation, +therefore, must be made so desirable and satisfying that that number +will joyfully accept it as a matter of free choice. It must be so +developed that it will afford an unsurpassed market for energy and +brains, and so independent of parasitical interests that when two +bushels of wheat are grown where one now grows the producer will receive +the benefit.</p> + +<p><i>Increased Production Not Sufficient.</i> Hitherto the agencies for rural +improvement, both state and federal, have directed their energies +chiefly toward increased production. And this with but scant +consideration for profits that should be realized by the producer as a +result of the larger yields. Material prosperity, however, is not a +sufficient motive, except where it assuredly is used to improve the +moral and social conditions of the community life. To double the yield +of crops without doubling the enjoyments of living and improving home +comforts accordingly, will avail but little toward developing rural +conditions that will withstand the competition and false allurements of +the city.</p> + +<p><i>Urban Degeneracy.</i> A nation's strength, moreover, is a matter of blood +and brain fiber. Urban degeneracy is an accepted biological fact. The +dissipation, lack of physical exercise in the open air, and high +pressure living and working leaves in its trail a progeny diminishing in +numbers and decadent in those high qualities essential to good +government.</p> + +<p>Democracy, as a permanent institution, however, is not yet an assured +fact. The experiment of self-government is still in the making. Its +perpetuity cannot be predicated upon scheming traders, money brokers and +political manipulators, but must depend in the last analysis upon the +solid phlegm and conservatism of its rural districts where men are too +busy with productive labor to scheme for political office or unearned +wealth. In other words, and I speak it with sincerity, the rural +population conserves the real dependable life blood of this nation. It +is an accepted fact that in every crisis of our country's history the +rural population was not only on the side of right, but ready to defend +the nation's honor with their votes or with their blood.</p> + +<p>When the nation's debt was appalling and money poured into the national +treasury in but feeble currents, the tariffs that replenished it again +were borne like a young Hercules by the farming class, though they +received but a minimum of its protection. Every influence, therefore, +that tends to exalt agriculture as a profession, and farming as a +desirable mode of life, whether it be intellectual, political, ethical +or spiritual, is for the general welfare.</p> + +<p>The time is not far distant, let us hope and pray, when agriculture will +cast off the thralldom of the ages and assert her own. But not until the +sons and daughters of the country, trained for rural social and +industrial service, as you are being trained, assert an aggressive +leadership, with genuine patriotism for the needs of the open country, +will the domination of ulterior interests be removed and agriculture +made free to manage its educational institutions and business affairs, +in part at least, for its own good.</p> + +<p><i>The Rural School Problem.</i> Since education is the governing factor, +especially so far as it directs the attitude of rural children toward +rural conditions, the country school should be so redirected and +revitalized as to "stir into action community forces which are now +dormant; and to make the rural school a strong and efficient social +center, working for the upbuilding of all the varied interests of a +healthy rural life."</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The redirection of rural education means that the school is to +abandon its city ideals and standards, except as these are +adaptable to rural as well as to city schools, and to develop its +instruction with reference to its environment and the local +interests and needs. The main efforts of its instruction should be +to put its pupils into sympathetic touch with the rural life about +them, in which the great majority of them ought to find their +future homes."—<i>Cubberley.</i></p></div> + +<p>The away-from-the-farm-influence of rural education which has in the +past proved a serious handicap to rural progress and open country +pursuits, would thus be materially counteracted.</p> + +<p>Quoting Cubberley again:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The uniform text-books which have been introduced by law, were +books written primarily for the city child; the graded course of +study was a city course of study; the ideals of the school become, +in large part, city and professional in type; and the city-educated +and city-trained teachers have talked of the city, over-emphasized +the affairs of the city, and sighed to get back to the city to +teach. The subjects of instruction have been formal and +traditional, and the course of instruction has been designed more +to prepare for entrance to a city or town high school than for life +in the open country. So far as the school has been vocational in +spirit, it has been the city vocations and professions for which it +has tended to prepare its pupils, and not the vocations of the farm +and the home."</p></div> + +<p>Then says Roosevelt:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Our school system is gravely defective in so far as it puts a +premium upon mere literary training and tends, therefore, to train +the boy away from the farm and workshop. Nothing is more needed +than the best type of an industrial school, the school for +mechanical industries in the cities and for teaching agriculture in +the country. No growth of cities, no growth of wealth can make up +for any loss in either the number or the character of the farming +population. We of the United States should realize this above most +other people. We began our existence as a nation of farmers, and in +every crisis of the past a peculiar dependence has had to be placed +upon the farming population, and this dependence has hitherto been +justified."</p></div> + +<p><i>The Rural Church Problem.</i> No permanent rural civilization, however, +can be maintained that will attach the population to the soil with +satisfaction and contentment without provision being made for enjoying +religious services among people of their own kind and class. This +necessitates a social and religious center for every rural community. +The church can and should be made such social center. For economic and +social reasons, however, denominationalism can well be dispensed with, +as such, and just plain Christianity substituted for sectarianism. A +social center thus maintained will stimulate neighborly intercourse and +satisfy the demands of both young and old for religious culture, for +recreation and pastime. Where schools are consolidated the school house +and grounds will answer for all gatherings whether for worship, for the +discussion of civic or neighborhood problems or for recreation and +amusement. For without such neighborhood intercourse, life deteriorates +into a dull routine, and the moral and religious tone of a community, +degenerates. Moreover, under such conditions, young people become +disgusted with its monotony and aimlessness, and seek city employment.</p> + +<p>But before the country church can be made an efficient community force, +pastors must be found or created that meet the conditions of country +life. A most excellent city pastor might prove to be a regrettable +misfit in a rural community. Moreover, the modern clergy seem quite as +prone to herd in the towns and cities as the rest of mankind, which +fact has a bad influence on the youth of the country.</p> + +<p>Quoting from Rural Life and Education: "The rural minister needs +economic and agricultural knowledge more than theological, that he may +use the economic and agricultural experiences of his people as a basis +for the building-up of their ethical life; he needs educational +knowledge, that he may direct his efforts with the young along good +pedagogical lines; and the church as an institution needs to study +carefully the rural-life problem, and to plan a program of useful +service along good educational and sociological lines. Unless this is +done, the church will bear but little relationship to a living +community; its influence on the young will be small; and its mission of +moral and religious leadership will be forgotten by the people."</p> + +<p><i>Other Agencies for Rural Improvement.</i> In addition to providing country +schools and employing rural school teachers as efficient as the best in +the towns, and the country church reawakened and converted into an +efficient institution for progress, the Grange, farmers' clubs, the Y. M. +and Y. W. C. A., the rural library, boys and girls' clubs, farmers' +institutes, woman's clubs, literary and debating societies and amateur +theatricals, of which the Little Country Theatre is the best exponent, +can with profit be incorporated into the life of every rural community +that maintains a social center, and that takes genuine pride in making +country life what the possibilities so readily warrant.</p> + +<p>No one of these separate organizations, even though fully developed and +earnestly supported, will altogether satisfy the needs of a community. +No one of them should be over-emphasized for its own sake alone, for +each is but a part of the community need. All are needed. The friends of +each, therefore, should work for all and all work for each, and becoming +thus federated, they will prove to be a positive force and establish, +beyond question, a community spirit satisfactory to old and young alike.</p> + +<p>A sufficient number of these rural social institutions to meet the +changed conditions of modern life is as essential as a progressive and +highly contented agriculture; for without such institutions agriculture +will decline until on a level with the peasantry of other and less +favored countries. For just in proportion as agriculture advances or +declines will the prosperity of the people rise or fall, and the +integrity of our government be stable or questionable. This fact has +been clearly demonstrated in the history of nations; hence, stewardship +of the soil embraces not only conservation of its fertility, but the +fostering of such social institutions and educational forces as may be +necessary to support a rural civilization that will minister to all the +physical, mental and spiritual wants of a highly intellectual and +permanent population. Said James A. Garfield:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The higher education of the village and city youth, together with +a modicum of the country youth, with only the fifth to eighth grade +for the best blood of the state may stand for the educator's +ideals, but it is bad for the country as a whole. It tends to make +aristocrats of the poorest and slaves of the best blood. Education +is for all, not for a favored few."</p></div> + +<p><i>The Morrill Act.</i> The Morrill Act of 1862 was the first important step +toward the emancipation of agriculture. The establishment of the Land +Grant Colleges was the biggest piece of constructive legislation that +Congress has enacted during the past century. By means of higher +education thus redirected and vitalized, industrial independence will +ultimately be realized. But the work moves slowly. However, in spite of +ridicule and unmerited handicaps, and even the contempt of too many of +the farming class, these institutions have grown steadily in influence +and power.</p> + +<p>The North Dakota Agricultural College directs its energies toward a +system of education that at once affords all the means of culture and +character building that collegiate courses of study can offer, yet +without departing materially from giving special emphasis to those +subjects which are directly related to the homes and the chief industry +of the state.</p> + +<p>The purpose is not only to increase production as a means of profit and +to render helpful social service, but to make farm life and rural +conditions so agreeable and satisfying that the choice of agricultural +pursuits, on the part of educated young people, will prove as popular +and inviting as that of any other industry or profession. This is not an +impossibility. From an educational view-point no vocation exceeds +agriculture in the material available for calling out the best there is +in man, spiritually or intellectually. From a social view-point, the +country represents the purest and most neighborly sympathies. And from +an industrial view-point it is the state's support and should be the +state's pride. North Dakota will expand in wealth and influence, +therefore, in proportion as she throws wide open the door of +agricultural opportunity for the young people of the state. This she can +best accomplish by means of public education expressed in terms of rural +life.</p> + +<p>After twenty years of service as President of your Agricultural College, +I find that my chief gratification comes from having associated daily +with a loyal and dependable faculty and with so many clean, ambitious +and sympathetic young men and women.</p> + +<p>In you and the thousands of Agricultural College students scattered over +this and adjoining states, many of them having already won enviable +distinction by their public services, and all giving evidence of most +exemplary citizenship, I not only take sincere pride but also find my +chief reward. Others may scheme for wealth or fame, but for one at my +time in life, I would not exchange the friendship of the Agricultural +College student body, past and present, for earthly riches or personal +honor.</p> + +<p>I have implicit faith in the future of our Agricultural College as I +have in this great agricultural state. Her broad acres are being rapidly +occupied by a progressive and enterprising husbandry. Her cities and +villages keep pace with her rural development. The dreams of the +pioneers are fast becoming realities. The erstwhile home of the red +man and the feeding ground of the bison, are destined soon to be thickly +dotted over with luxurious farmsteads, made beautiful by the arts of +civilization and prosperous by the skill and industry of a happy and +contented rural population.</p> + +<p>Students of the Agricultural College, your mission lies in this +direction. Your influence upon the future development of this state will +be as certain as it will be beneficient. The door of opportunity stands +ajar, inviting you to enter and share the blessings that reward the +industrious and reap the honors that crown the lives of those whose +stewardship has been faithfully kept. May no temptation ever swerve you +from loyalty to the cause which your alma mater represents. Too often +the enemies of industrial freedom capture with the blandishments of +vanity, the trusted leaders of reform.</p> + +<p>Let your hearts, therefore, ever beat true for the best there may be in +store for those whose sweat fertilizes the business of the state. The +cause of the people should ever be your cause, and having received your +education largely at their expense, spare not a generous service in +return for the academic honors that now await you.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Stewardship of the Soil, by John Henry Worst + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STEWARDSHIP OF THE SOIL *** + +***** This file should be named 24080-h.htm or 24080-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/0/8/24080/ + +Produced by K. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Stewardship of the Soil + Baccalaureate Address + +Author: John Henry Worst + +Release Date: December 31, 2007 [EBook #24080] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STEWARDSHIP OF THE SOIL *** + + + + +Produced by K. Nordquist, Greg Bergquist and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + +STEWARDSHIP OF THE SOIL + +WORST + + + + +_The_ +STEWARDSHIP +OF THE SOIL + +[Illustration] + +_Address by_ + +JOHN HENRY WORST + +_President of_ NORTH DAKOTA +AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE + + + + + +_The Stewardship +of the Soil_ + +BACCALAUREATE ADDRESS BY +JOHN HENRY WORST +PRESIDENT NORTH DAKOTA +AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE + +[Illustration] + +_Delivered at the Twenty First Annual Commencement of the +North Dakota Agricultural College +Fargo, North Dakota, June Sixth, Nineteen Hundred Fifteen_ + + + +[Illustration: JOHN HENRY WORST] + + + + +_The Stewardship of the Soil_ + +_By_ J. H. WORST + + +Our ambitious young commonwealth, in conjunction with other states +comprising the great Northwest, occupies a commanding position in the +industrial and economic affairs of this nation. + +Mines of gold and silver or forests primeval North Dakota does not have; +but from the millions of fertile acres comprising our vast agricultural +empire, we may reap a golden harvest every year that will exceed in +wealth the output of all the golden placers in the western mountains. + +The harvest of minerals, however, can be gathered but once. Time will +not restore the precious nuggets. + +The forests once harvested can, at great expense, be renewed in the +course of a century; but our harvest of domestic plants and animals +recurs with every passing season to recompense the farmer for his toil +and to enrich the farmer's friends. + +What a precious theme is harvest! The hopes, the well-being, the life of +the world is fast bound up in the magic of this single word. + +The soil upon which the harvest depends, moreover, is God's benediction +to humanity. Measured by consequences, Heaven has vouchsafed no form of +stewardship that is fraught with such tremendous responsibilities as +this stewardship of the soil. In the final analysis this stewardship +represents the farmer's obligation to society. + +And yet sacred as is the soil and binding as is the farmer's obligation +to society, the means for providing the world's food is nevertheless at +his mercy. + +It is a well-known fact that the soil can readily be depleted of its +fertility and thus robbed of its strength by a system of exploitation, +commonly referred to as "extensive farming." Too much of our land is +being thus exploited. On the other hand the productiveness of the soil +may be very greatly improved. Denmark, Belgium, Germany, and other +European nations have fully demonstrated, that by the application of +science to the art of agriculture, the productiveness of the soil can be +multiplied almost to the limit of necessity. + +_A Progressive Agriculture._ Fortunately Nature has supplied every means +for the development of a progressive and permanent agriculture. It is +also obvious that it is man's privilege, if not his mission, to improve +upon Nature--to substitute quality for mere physical endurance, in +agricultural products. + +By the grace of Providence the individuals of the animal and vegetable +kingdoms were not created inflexible in habit or perfect in form, but +they may be changed in character and quality and intrinsic worth at the +will of the intelligent and observing farmer. To this end agricultural +education lends its beneficent influence. Man's dominion over Nature +would be such in name only were it not for the class-room and the +laboratory, for research and investigation; for by these means +scientific knowledge is obtained and diffused and eventually brought to +bear upon the solution of the most vital problems that concern the human +family. These problems center largely around food and clothing. To +supply these necessities an industry is created--the business of +agriculture--the most important industry in all the world. An industry +of such fundamental importance, moreover, should receive from the states +and from the federal government financial consideration in proportion to +its moral and economic importance as well as to the probabilities that +may be entertained for its continued improvement. For abundant as are +earth's natural resources, yet without the aid and direction of human +intelligence they could not supply the world's ever increasing +population with food, clothing and shelter. Complying with known +conditions of natural reciprocity, however, the animal and vegetable +kingdoms submit to whatever modifications become necessary in order to +supply the needs of the human family. + +_Nature's Forces Operate Blindly._ Moved, therefore, partly by necessity +and partly by curiosity, the material world has been and is being +continually modified by the ingenuity of man. Undirected, however, +Nature's forces act blindly; hence, produce mainly such qualities in +organic life as endurance, or adaptation to local soil and climatic +conditions. In the animal and vegetable kingdoms the universal demand of +Nature is to perpetuate their species--"to produce after their own +kind." In accordance with this law the humblest plant or animal is +compelled to maintain a perpetual warfare against its fellows for means +of subsistence. + +This competition for nourishment is usually so sharp and continuous that +mere existence or endurance rather than excellence or quality, seems to +be the end and aim of natural law. Hence, the strong survive and the +weak perish. + +_Beginnings of Agriculture._ Here agriculture begins. By relieving +plants of this intense competition by means of tillage, and by selecting +the most promising for domestication, they are enabled to use all their +energy for the development of those qualities which add to their +intrinsic value, instead of expending it in the struggle for existence. +Given, thus, free access to the soil and sunshine, with needful +nourishment supplied and their fungous or parasitical enemies destroyed, +the domesticated plants yield trustful obedience to the protecting hand +of the husbandman. Freed altogether from the necessity of +self-protection they become prolific and pour into the world's bread +basket in marvelous abundance the seeds--a single one of which would +suffice to answer Nature's law for the propagation of species. This +surplus of yield for which each plant has need of but a single seed, and +more especially this improvement of quality for which the plant has no +concern, is Nature's reciprocal reward for having given her children +gratuitously that protection which otherwise they would have had to +provide for themselves. + +Nor is animal life less susceptible of improvement. Between the animal +wild and the animal domesticated--that is whether Nature-bred or +man-bred--the range in quality is as marked as that which separates the +savage from the philosopher. + +Nature demands only strength, endurance; but man demands quality and +excellence, and he proceeds scientifically to accomplish his purpose. By +conscious design and a sort of mental architecture the animal to be is +planned, and the picture thus conceived in the brain of the breeder +becomes incarnated in the form, size and character of the animal. Not +only is the animal created with the desired quality as to its parts and +products, but its nature is transformed from fear and ferocity to that +of trust and docility. + +For example the descendants of the wild horse are not only changed from +vicious brutes to trustful beasts of burden, but are also differentiated +into many different breeds to meet the demands of strength, speed or +endurance. Specimens of such breeds as the Belgian, Percheron or +Hambletonian exist as monuments to the breeder's art no less renowned +and for more useful purpose than anything in Nature, the likeness of +which the sculptor has wrought in marble or the artist has transferred +from life to canvass. + +From the wild buffalo, presumably, the ideal strains of pedigree kine, +for beef or dairy products, have been created as surely and even more +scientifically than the sculptor has immortalized his ideals in granite +or marble. + +Thus animal life is to the skillful breeder as clay in the hands of the +potter, and though a supersensitive and artificial generation may look +upon this form of genius as vulgar, it nevertheless is God's work and +the doers thereof are working with God. For without this incarnation of +quality into plant and animal life the world's population could not +supply its fundamental wants nor could civilization rise above the +animal instincts in man. + +The farmer, therefore, is a most important personage, and his vocation +the most absolutely needful in all the world. The farmer is in very +truth a creator, certainly a co-creator, improving Nature by the aid of +science, just as the human mind and character are improved by means of +education. And when the prejudice of the ages has been rolled away the +name "farmer" will rank among the most envied names that enrich our +mother tongue. Here, indeed, may be verified the saving: "The first +shall be last and the last shall be first." + +While we honor the sculptor, the painter or the poet whose genius +partakes of the immortal, and yet satisfies no hungry mouth, some degree +of honor might well be given to this other sort of genius which has +multiplied human food beyond computation and has otherwise so largely +mitigated the burdens of life. + +_Vocational Education._ From the foregoing it is little wonder that the +education of the masses is surely and rapidly gravitating from the +classical to the utilitarian, from the formal to the vocational. The +world's work must be done, and as those whose stewardship is the soil +are compelled to render a combined physical and mental service in order +to discharge their social obligations, they are entitled to education in +harmony with the tasks awaiting them, to the end that they may work +intelligently, hence joyfully. + +Agriculture and engineering, therefore, are fundamental vocations when +considered either from the view-point of necessity or the country's +prosperity. By many, however, the spiritual well-being of a people is +considered paramount, and in a sense it is, but a cheerful soul seldom +inhabits a naked or hungry body. + +As food, clothing and shelter are absolute necessities, no degree of +culture or religious enthusiasm can render them less needful. Heaven's +choicest physical gift, the soil, provides the means for acquiring these +indispensable necessities, and the vocation that accepts the +responsibility of its stewardship ministers to the physical, as +educators minister to the mental, or the clergy to the spiritual needs +of man. Moreover, in the order of Nature the physical takes precedence, +being primary and basic, and until legitimate physical wants are +supplied, neither mental nor spiritual food can be satisfactorily +assimilated. + +A commonwealth, therefore, that educates her children in due proportion +to and in harmony with the demands of her principal industry, acts the +part of wisdom. In this the state becomes the servant of both present +and future generations by training her children for the conservation of +Nature's gifts, while yet multiplying their use for the comfort and +happiness of all the people. If the clergy would preach occasionally +from the book of Nature, they would discover a proximity to and +dependence upon God enjoyed by him who sows and reaps, who cultivates +animals and flowers, who creates things and works miracles as his +ordinary life work, which few others can enjoy. Such themes might not +only be expounded with profit to those who work their fellowmen, but +should also be impressed betimes upon those who work the soil for the +good of their fellowmen. + +_The Paramount Problem._ The paramount problem, therefore, is to make +the conditions of rural life desirable--to convert farming into an +enjoyable vocation; to make farm life and its labors a business to be +envied and not despised. The fact is, planning for beauty and comfort in +the city has progressed far and away beyond the country. It now but +remains for the country to catch up and go the city many times better. +This is entirely possible, since the great "out doors" is a country +heritage and ample spaces are available for exterior delights such as +trees, shrubbery and flowers, and for free access to abundance of pure +air and sunshine. + +Moreover, we should not forget that we are now living in a new world. +The old agriculture and its associated rural industries have been shaken +to their very foundation. This makes the solution of the rural problem, +to some extent, speculative. + +For one thing the country is becoming urbanized. This may prove helpful. +Again it may not. Individualism, however, is giving place more and more +to commercialized enterprise. At the same time the evils of transient +tenantry follow close upon the heels of successful farming, where +farmers rent their land and move to town; and also of unsuccessful +farming, where the mortgage shark eventually becomes possessed of the +land. What the state needs to encourage, therefore, is farm ownership by +the many rather than by the few, and farm ownership rather than farm +tenantry. We must retain on the farm, as farmers, the best type of +American manhood and womanhood or the nation will fall into decay, just +as Rome fell with the decline of her agrarian influence. + +The consolidated country school, by rendering obsolete the one room +district school house, is a progressive step toward improved educational +facilities for rural children. + +The country church, on the other hand, has become more decadent than +aggressive. This among other rural agencies is not organized in +proportion to its importance. Some progress, however, is being made by +means of social organizations, but the ultimate solution of the rural +problem depends more largely upon education than upon any other single +factor. + +_Rural Social Leaders._ Rural social leaders in full sympathy with the +country life movement will find here a fruitful field for earnest +endeavor. To no class should the state look for such leadership, and +with so much assurance, as to the alumni of its Agricultural College. +Educated at public expense and in an institution of higher learning that +stands specifically for all-round rural improvement and rural +patriotism, the students that go out from this college cannot +misinterpret their duties nor fail to understand the responsibilities +they assume as graduates of the North Dakota Agricultural College. Nor +is their field of labor an unenviable one. It may at times seem irksome, +even discouraging, but nevertheless it is the most exalted and dignified +calling to which men and women of special training and culture can +aspire. + +To rescue the soil from the indifference and greed and selfishness +wherein this generation unwittingly robs succeeding generations of their +rightful inheritance, and to rescue the very vocation of agriculture +from mercenary interests is a mission worthy of the best leadership and +patriotism of our day. But it must not stop even at this. The public +welfare demands that nearly half the population of the entire country, +and certainly four-fifths of the population of this state, shall +permanently pursue agriculture for a livelihood. This vocation, +therefore, must be made so desirable and satisfying that that number +will joyfully accept it as a matter of free choice. It must be so +developed that it will afford an unsurpassed market for energy and +brains, and so independent of parasitical interests that when two +bushels of wheat are grown where one now grows the producer will receive +the benefit. + +_Increased Production Not Sufficient._ Hitherto the agencies for rural +improvement, both state and federal, have directed their energies +chiefly toward increased production. And this with but scant +consideration for profits that should be realized by the producer as a +result of the larger yields. Material prosperity, however, is not a +sufficient motive, except where it assuredly is used to improve the +moral and social conditions of the community life. To double the yield +of crops without doubling the enjoyments of living and improving home +comforts accordingly, will avail but little toward developing rural +conditions that will withstand the competition and false allurements of +the city. + +_Urban Degeneracy._ A nation's strength, moreover, is a matter of blood +and brain fiber. Urban degeneracy is an accepted biological fact. The +dissipation, lack of physical exercise in the open air, and high +pressure living and working leaves in its trail a progeny diminishing in +numbers and decadent in those high qualities essential to good +government. + +Democracy, as a permanent institution, however, is not yet an assured +fact. The experiment of self-government is still in the making. Its +perpetuity cannot be predicated upon scheming traders, money brokers and +political manipulators, but must depend in the last analysis upon the +solid phlegm and conservatism of its rural districts where men are too +busy with productive labor to scheme for political office or unearned +wealth. In other words, and I speak it with sincerity, the rural +population conserves the real dependable life blood of this nation. It +is an accepted fact that in every crisis of our country's history the +rural population was not only on the side of right, but ready to defend +the nation's honor with their votes or with their blood. + +When the nation's debt was appalling and money poured into the national +treasury in but feeble currents, the tariffs that replenished it again +were borne like a young Hercules by the farming class, though they +received but a minimum of its protection. Every influence, therefore, +that tends to exalt agriculture as a profession, and farming as a +desirable mode of life, whether it be intellectual, political, ethical +or spiritual, is for the general welfare. + +The time is not far distant, let us hope and pray, when agriculture will +cast off the thralldom of the ages and assert her own. But not until the +sons and daughters of the country, trained for rural social and +industrial service, as you are being trained, assert an aggressive +leadership, with genuine patriotism for the needs of the open country, +will the domination of ulterior interests be removed and agriculture +made free to manage its educational institutions and business affairs, +in part at least, for its own good. + +_The Rural School Problem._ Since education is the governing factor, +especially so far as it directs the attitude of rural children toward +rural conditions, the country school should be so redirected and +revitalized as to "stir into action community forces which are now +dormant; and to make the rural school a strong and efficient social +center, working for the upbuilding of all the varied interests of a +healthy rural life." + + "The redirection of rural education means that the school is to + abandon its city ideals and standards, except as these are + adaptable to rural as well as to city schools, and to develop its + instruction with reference to its environment and the local + interests and needs. The main efforts of its instruction should be + to put its pupils into sympathetic touch with the rural life about + them, in which the great majority of them ought to find their + future homes."--_Cubberley._ + +The away-from-the-farm-influence of rural education which has in the +past proved a serious handicap to rural progress and open country +pursuits, would thus be materially counteracted. + +Quoting Cubberley again: + + "The uniform text-books which have been introduced by law, were + books written primarily for the city child; the graded course of + study was a city course of study; the ideals of the school become, + in large part, city and professional in type; and the city-educated + and city-trained teachers have talked of the city, over-emphasized + the affairs of the city, and sighed to get back to the city to + teach. The subjects of instruction have been formal and + traditional, and the course of instruction has been designed more + to prepare for entrance to a city or town high school than for life + in the open country. So far as the school has been vocational in + spirit, it has been the city vocations and professions for which it + has tended to prepare its pupils, and not the vocations of the farm + and the home." + +Then says Roosevelt: + + "Our school system is gravely defective in so far as it puts a + premium upon mere literary training and tends, therefore, to train + the boy away from the farm and workshop. Nothing is more needed + than the best type of an industrial school, the school for + mechanical industries in the cities and for teaching agriculture in + the country. No growth of cities, no growth of wealth can make up + for any loss in either the number or the character of the farming + population. We of the United States should realize this above most + other people. We began our existence as a nation of farmers, and in + every crisis of the past a peculiar dependence has had to be placed + upon the farming population, and this dependence has hitherto been + justified." + +_The Rural Church Problem._ No permanent rural civilization, however, +can be maintained that will attach the population to the soil with +satisfaction and contentment without provision being made for enjoying +religious services among people of their own kind and class. This +necessitates a social and religious center for every rural community. +The church can and should be made such social center. For economic and +social reasons, however, denominationalism can well be dispensed with, +as such, and just plain Christianity substituted for sectarianism. A +social center thus maintained will stimulate neighborly intercourse and +satisfy the demands of both young and old for religious culture, for +recreation and pastime. Where schools are consolidated the school house +and grounds will answer for all gatherings whether for worship, for the +discussion of civic or neighborhood problems or for recreation and +amusement. For without such neighborhood intercourse, life deteriorates +into a dull routine, and the moral and religious tone of a community, +degenerates. Moreover, under such conditions, young people become +disgusted with its monotony and aimlessness, and seek city employment. + +But before the country church can be made an efficient community force, +pastors must be found or created that meet the conditions of country +life. A most excellent city pastor might prove to be a regrettable +misfit in a rural community. Moreover, the modern clergy seem quite as +prone to herd in the towns and cities as the rest of mankind, which +fact has a bad influence on the youth of the country. + +Quoting from Rural Life and Education: "The rural minister needs +economic and agricultural knowledge more than theological, that he may +use the economic and agricultural experiences of his people as a basis +for the building-up of their ethical life; he needs educational +knowledge, that he may direct his efforts with the young along good +pedagogical lines; and the church as an institution needs to study +carefully the rural-life problem, and to plan a program of useful +service along good educational and sociological lines. Unless this is +done, the church will bear but little relationship to a living +community; its influence on the young will be small; and its mission of +moral and religious leadership will be forgotten by the people." + +_Other Agencies for Rural Improvement._ In addition to providing country +schools and employing rural school teachers as efficient as the best in +the towns, and the country church reawakened and converted into an +efficient institution for progress, the Grange, farmers' clubs, the Y. M. +and Y. W. C. A., the rural library, boys and girls' clubs, farmers' +institutes, woman's clubs, literary and debating societies and amateur +theatricals, of which the Little Country Theatre is the best exponent, +can with profit be incorporated into the life of every rural community +that maintains a social center, and that takes genuine pride in making +country life what the possibilities so readily warrant. + +No one of these separate organizations, even though fully developed and +earnestly supported, will altogether satisfy the needs of a community. +No one of them should be over-emphasized for its own sake alone, for +each is but a part of the community need. All are needed. The friends of +each, therefore, should work for all and all work for each, and becoming +thus federated, they will prove to be a positive force and establish, +beyond question, a community spirit satisfactory to old and young alike. + +A sufficient number of these rural social institutions to meet the +changed conditions of modern life is as essential as a progressive and +highly contented agriculture; for without such institutions agriculture +will decline until on a level with the peasantry of other and less +favored countries. For just in proportion as agriculture advances or +declines will the prosperity of the people rise or fall, and the +integrity of our government be stable or questionable. This fact has +been clearly demonstrated in the history of nations; hence, stewardship +of the soil embraces not only conservation of its fertility, but the +fostering of such social institutions and educational forces as may be +necessary to support a rural civilization that will minister to all the +physical, mental and spiritual wants of a highly intellectual and +permanent population. Said James A. Garfield: + + "The higher education of the village and city youth, together with + a modicum of the country youth, with only the fifth to eighth grade + for the best blood of the state may stand for the educator's + ideals, but it is bad for the country as a whole. It tends to make + aristocrats of the poorest and slaves of the best blood. Education + is for all, not for a favored few." + +_The Morrill Act._ The Morrill Act of 1862 was the first important step +toward the emancipation of agriculture. The establishment of the Land +Grant Colleges was the biggest piece of constructive legislation that +Congress has enacted during the past century. By means of higher +education thus redirected and vitalized, industrial independence will +ultimately be realized. But the work moves slowly. However, in spite of +ridicule and unmerited handicaps, and even the contempt of too many of +the farming class, these institutions have grown steadily in influence +and power. + +The North Dakota Agricultural College directs its energies toward a +system of education that at once affords all the means of culture and +character building that collegiate courses of study can offer, yet +without departing materially from giving special emphasis to those +subjects which are directly related to the homes and the chief industry +of the state. + +The purpose is not only to increase production as a means of profit and +to render helpful social service, but to make farm life and rural +conditions so agreeable and satisfying that the choice of agricultural +pursuits, on the part of educated young people, will prove as popular +and inviting as that of any other industry or profession. This is not an +impossibility. From an educational view-point no vocation exceeds +agriculture in the material available for calling out the best there is +in man, spiritually or intellectually. From a social view-point, the +country represents the purest and most neighborly sympathies. And from +an industrial view-point it is the state's support and should be the +state's pride. North Dakota will expand in wealth and influence, +therefore, in proportion as she throws wide open the door of +agricultural opportunity for the young people of the state. This she can +best accomplish by means of public education expressed in terms of rural +life. + +After twenty years of service as President of your Agricultural College, +I find that my chief gratification comes from having associated daily +with a loyal and dependable faculty and with so many clean, ambitious +and sympathetic young men and women. + +In you and the thousands of Agricultural College students scattered over +this and adjoining states, many of them having already won enviable +distinction by their public services, and all giving evidence of most +exemplary citizenship, I not only take sincere pride but also find my +chief reward. Others may scheme for wealth or fame, but for one at my +time in life, I would not exchange the friendship of the Agricultural +College student body, past and present, for earthly riches or personal +honor. + +I have implicit faith in the future of our Agricultural College as I +have in this great agricultural state. Her broad acres are being rapidly +occupied by a progressive and enterprising husbandry. Her cities and +villages keep pace with her rural development. The dreams of the +pioneers are fast becoming realities. The erstwhile home of the red +man and the feeding ground of the bison, are destined soon to be thickly +dotted over with luxurious farmsteads, made beautiful by the arts of +civilization and prosperous by the skill and industry of a happy and +contented rural population. + +Students of the Agricultural College, your mission lies in this +direction. Your influence upon the future development of this state will +be as certain as it will be beneficient. The door of opportunity stands +ajar, inviting you to enter and share the blessings that reward the +industrious and reap the honors that crown the lives of those whose +stewardship has been faithfully kept. May no temptation ever swerve you +from loyalty to the cause which your alma mater represents. Too often +the enemies of industrial freedom capture with the blandishments of +vanity, the trusted leaders of reform. + +Let your hearts, therefore, ever beat true for the best there may be in +store for those whose sweat fertilizes the business of the state. The +cause of the people should ever be your cause, and having received your +education largely at their expense, spare not a generous service in +return for the academic honors that now await you. + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Stewardship of the Soil, by John Henry Worst + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STEWARDSHIP OF THE SOIL *** + +***** This file should be named 24080.txt or 24080.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/0/8/24080/ + +Produced by K. 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