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diff --git a/26076-8.txt b/26076-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bcf9c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/26076-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4999 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds from Coahuila, Mexico, by Emil K. Urban + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Birds from Coahuila, Mexico + +Author: Emil K. Urban + +Release Date: July 17, 2008 [EBook #26076] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS FROM COAHUILA, MEXICO *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 11, No. 8, pp. 443-516 +August 1, 1959 + + +Birds From Coahuila, México + +BY EMIL K. URBAN + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1959 + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + +Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain +this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas +Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a +particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the +Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. +There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library +which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History +which meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals +request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each +separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of +defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing. + +* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply +(not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in +this series, are as follows: + + Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950. + +*Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. + 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948. + + Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and + distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures + in text. June 12, 1951. + + *2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. + By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. + June 29, 1951. + + 3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale + Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October + 10, 1951. + + 4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. + Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 + figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951. + + Index. Pp. 651-681. + +*Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41 + plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951. + + Vol. 5. Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953. + +*Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. + By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 + tables. August 10, 1952. + + Vol. 7. *1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303, 73 + figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952. + + 2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern + Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge. Pp. + 305-338, 5 figures in text. August 24, 1953. + + 3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico. By + Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text. February + 15, 1954. + + 4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip H. + Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables. April + 21, 1954. + + 5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker and + James S. Findley. Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954. + + 6. Distribution of Some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox Jones, + Jr. Pp. 479-487. April 21, 1954. + + 7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse. Microtus + montanus, in Wyoming and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. + 489-506, 2 figures in text. July 23, 1954. + + 8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from southeastern + California and Arizona. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 507-512. + July 23, 1954. + + 9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California. By + Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text, 12 + tables. November 15, 1954. + + 10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern Mexico. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15, 1954. + + 11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. By E. + Raymond Hall. Pp. 587-590. November 15, 1954. + + 12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Cratogeomys + castanops, in Coahuila, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell and + Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. March 15, 1955. + + 13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from + northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 609-612. + April 8, 1955. + + 14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. By + James S. Findley. Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955. + + 15. The pigmy woodrat, Neotoma goldmani, its distribution and + systematic position. By Dennis G. Rainey and Rollin H. + Baker. Pp. 619-624, 2 figures in text. June 10, 1955. + + Index. Pp. 625-651. + + (Continued on inside of back cover) + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 11, No. 8, pp. 443-516 +August 1, 1959 + + + + +Birds From Coahuila, México + + + +BY + +EMIL K. URBAN + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1959 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Robert W. Wilson + +Volume 11, No. 8, pp. 443-516 +Published August 1, 1959 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED IN +THE STATE PRINTING PLANT +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1959 + + + + +Birds From Coahuila, México + +BY EMIL K. URBAN + + +INTRODUCTION + + +The following account is a summary of the present knowledge of the +birds of Coahuila. Some 500 specimens from Coahuila in the Museum of +Natural History at the University of Kansas are the basis for this +report; these are supplemented by records of birds previously listed +from the State. + +In Coahuila, habitats vary from those characteristic near tree-line to +those of the floors of the low deserts. Because of the variety of +habitats, many kinds of birds are present in the State; at least 312 +living named kinds of 249 species have been recorded. Possibly another +100 species will be reported after further studies have been made +there. At least 154 of the species listed in this paper probably breed +in Coahuila. The bird fauna in the State includes species characteristic +of eastern North America and of western North America, species that +range from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and species found only, +or mostly, in México. + +I thank Professor E. Raymond Hall, Doctor Richard F. Johnston and +Doctor Robert M. Mengel for their kind help, and Doctor Harrison B. +Tordoff for first suggesting this study to me. Unless otherwise stated, +the nomenclature in this paper is that of the A.O.U. Check-list +Committee (1957). Catalogue numbers are those of the Museum of Natural +History at the University of Kansas. In so far as known to me, all +birds recorded in the literature from Coahuila are listed below. In a +few instances the only support for occurrence is the ascription of a +given kind to Coahuila (without mention of date, catalogue number, or +precise locality) by Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950), and/or the +A.O.U. Check-list Committee (1957); when this is so the entire entry is +inclosed within brackets. In the accounts beyond, an asterisk indicates +that the kind breeds in Coahuila; two asterisks indicate probable +breeding in the State. + + + + +LIST OF COLLECTORS + + +Persons who have obtained specimens of birds from Coahuila for the +Museum of Natural History are as follows: + +Albert A. Alcorn +Joseph Raymond Alcorn +Sydney Anderson +Rollin Harold Baker +James Sheldon Carey +Peter Stanley Chrapliwy +W. Kim Clark +Robert William Dickerman +John R. Esther +James Smith Findley +John Keever Greer +John William Hardy +Gerd H. Heinrich +William McKee Lynn +Jack M. Mohler +Roger O. Olmstead +Robert Lewis Packard +Robert Julian Russell +William J. Schaldach, Jr. +Harrison Bruce Tordoff +South Van Hoose, Jr. +Olin Lawrence Webb + + +GAZETTEER OF LOCALITIES IN COAHUILA + +The following place-names were used to record the localities of +Coahuilan birds now specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of +Natural History. Each place-name is followed by its location in degrees +and minutes of latitude and longitude, respectively. + +Acebuches.--28°17', 102°56'. +Americanos.--27°12', 103°14'. +Australia.--26°18', 102°18'. +Bella Unión.--25°26', 100°51'. +Boquillas.--29°11', 102°55'. +Castillón.--28°21', 103°33'. +Cuatro Ciénegas.--26°58', 102°04'. +Diamante.--25°22', 100°54'. +Don Martin.--27°32', 100°37'. +Fortín.--28°48', 101°41'. +General Cepeda.--25°22', 101°28'. +Gómez Farías.--24°58', 101°02'. +Hermanas.--27°13', 101°13'. +Iglesias.--27°34', 101°20'. +Jaco.--27°50', 103°55'. +Jiménez.--29°04', 100°42'. +La Babia.--28°33', 102°03'. +La Gacha.--28°09', 101°31'. +La Mariposa.--28°12', 101°49'. +La Ventura.--24°48', 100°38'. +Las Delicias.--26°10', 102°49'. +Las Margaritas.--28°42', 101°14'. +Mesa de Tablas.--25°14', 100°24'. +Múzquiz.--27°53', 101°32'. +Nava.--28°25', 100°46'. +Ocampo.--27°22', 102°26'. +Paila.--25°38', 102°09'. +Parras.--25°25', 102°12'. +Piedras Blanca.--29°02', 102°33'. +Piedras Negras.--28°43', 100°32'. +Sabinas.--27°52', 101°07'. +Saltillo.--25°26', 101°00'. +San Antonio de las Alazanas.--25°16', 100°37'. +San Buenaventura.--27°06', 101°32'. +San Francisco.--27°37', 102°37'. +San Gerónimo.--28°30', 101°48'. +San Isidro.--27°33', 102°27'. +San Juan de Sabinas.--27°55', 101°17'. +San Lorenzo.--25°28', 102°12'. +San Marcos.--26°41', 102°07'. +San Miguel.--29°14', 101°22'. +San Pedro de las Colonias (San Pedro).--25°45', 102°58'. +Santa Teresa.--26°27', 101°21'. +Tanque Alvarez.--27°56', 102°38'. +Torreón.--25°33', 103°27'. +Villa Acuña.--29°19', 100°56'. + +For mountain ranges, the approximate center of the highland of each +range is used as the point of reference. + +Pico de Jimulco.--25°08', 103°16'. +Sierra del Carmen.--29°00', 102°30'. +Sierra de la Encantada.--28°25', 102°30'. +Sierra de Guadalupe.--25°13', 101°32'. +Sierra del Pino.--28°15', 103°03'. +Sierra de la Madera.--27°03', 102°30'. + + +DISTRIBUTION OF THE KNOWN BREEDING BIRDS OF COAHUILA + +Topography and Climate + +Coahuila lies in the broad northern end of México, immediately east of +the center of the continental mass. The mountains of Coahuila, which +are part of the Rocky Mountain-Sierra Madre Oriental Axis, extend in a +north-south direction and divide the lower lands into two areas, a +larger one, a part of the Central Plateau, to the westward and a +smaller one, a part of the Gulf Coastal Plain, to the northeastward. +Most of the mountains of Coahuila do not exceed 6000 feet in elevation. +A few peaks such as in the Sierra del Carmen, Sierra del Pino, Sierra +de la Madera, Sierra Encarnación, and Sierra de Guadalupe, are more +than 9000 feet high, and some more than 10,000 feet in elevation occur +near the southeastern border of the State in the Sierra Madre Oriental. +The Gulf Coastal Plain of northeastern Coahuila ranges from 700 feet to +1800 feet. The desert plains of the Mesa del Norte to the west of the +Sierra Madre Oriental Axis are higher, more rugged, and more dissected +than those of the Coastal Plain and are marked by scattered desert +ranges, buttes, low hills, and knobs. + +Most of Coahuila is arid. Rainfall is moderate on the Coastal Plain and +is low west of the central mountains. Baker (1956:128-132) and Muller +(1947:35-38) give good summary discussions of the topography and +climate of Coahuila, and the reader is referred to these for further +details. + + +Biotic Communities + +Baker (1956:132) stated that "the biotic communities of Coahuila might +be divided in accordance with the three physiographic areas of the +State: the Gulf Coastal Plain, the mountains, and the desert plains of +the Mesa del Norte." Goldman and Moore (1945:348-349) listed three +biotic provinces in Coahuila: the Chihuahua-Zacatecas Biotic Province, +in the western half of the State; the Tamaulipas Biotic Province, in +the northeastern part of the State; and the Sierra Madre Oriental +Biotic Province, in the southeastern part of the State. Merriam (1898) +noted that definable portions of the Lower Sonoran Life-zone, the Upper +Sonoran Life-zone, the Transition Life-zone, and the Canadian Life-zone +can be distinguished in Coahuila. In my study of the distribution of +the avifauna of Coahuila, I found that the three biotic provinces +listed by Goldman and Moore (_op. cit._) as major headings and +Merriam's life-zones as supplements are the most satisfactory +divisions. + +_The Tamaulipas Biotic Province._--This province consists of lowland +plains and a few isolated ranges of low mountains. The average rainfall +is 23 inches (Baker, 1956:130), considerably more than the 10 inches +falling in the western part of the State. In the northeastern section +of the State, the moderate amount of rain, mesic vegetation, and close +proximity to the eastern migration pathway importantly influence the +types of birds found. + +In Coahuila, the Coastal Plain and the Río Grande Plain lie in the path +of the northernmost trade winds; they account for the more humid +eastern slopes of the mountains of the northeastern part of the State +(Muller, 1947:38). Nevertheless, the northeastern section of the State +is semi-arid and can be placed in the Lower Sonoran Life-zone. The +vegetation consists mainly of thorny shrubs and small trees with a +liberal admixture of yuccas, agaves, and cacti, and closely resembles +that of southern Texas, northern Nuevo León, and northern Tamaulipas +(Goldman and Moore, 1945:354). + +Migrant birds from the eastern flyway and less commonly migrants from +western North America pass through northeastern Coahuila. The following +breeding birds seem to be associated with this province: Harris' Hawk, +Bobwhite (_C. v. texanus_), Scaled Quail (_C. s. castanogastris_), +Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Groove-billed Ani, Green Kingfisher, +Golden-fronted Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker (_D. v. intermedius_), +Ladder-backed Woodpecker (_D. s. symplectus_), Vermilion Flycatcher +(_P. r. mexicanus_), Cave Swallow, Gray-breasted Martin, Black-crested +Titmouse (_P. a. atricristatus_), Carolina Wren, Long-billed Thrasher, +Curve-billed Thrasher (_T. c. oberholseri_), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (_P. +c. caerulea_), Hutton's Vireo (_V. h. carolinae_), Bell's Vireo (_V. b. +medius_), Yellow-throated Vireo, Red-eyed Vireo, Summer Tanager (_P. r. +rubra_), Olive Sparrow, Cassin's Sparrow, and Black-throated Sparrow +(_A. b. bilineata_). + +_The Sierra Madre Oriental Biotic Province._--Southeastern Coahuila is +in this province that includes mountains in southern Nuevo León, +southwestern Tamaulipas, and eastern San Luis Potosí. Areas classifiable +as Canadian, Transition, Upper Sonoran, and Lower Sonoran in life-zone +are found in this province. This region of Coahuila receives the +highest rainfall; this is evidenced by the luxuriant growth of boreal +plants living in the higher places there (Baker, 1956:131). Spruce, +pine, and aspen occur at higher elevations and oaks, thorny shrubs, and +grasslands are present lower down. + +Birds of central or southern México reach the southern part of +Coahuila; the Thick-billed Parrot, Hooded Yellowthroat, and +Rufous-capped Atlapetes are examples. A boreal forest on the higher +slopes of the mountains of southeastern Coahuila is suitable for +certain northern birds such as Goshawks, Pine Siskins, and Brown +Creepers. Some species of birds ordinarily associated with western +North America are present in Coahuila only in its southeastern part; +striking examples of disjunction in range thus occur. Probably sometime +in the past these birds were distributed throughout most of Coahuila. +When this area became arid, these species disappeared from all of +Coahuila except from the high mountains in the southeastern part. For +example, Steller's Jay and the Scrub Jay are absent in the Sierra del +Carmen of northwestern Coahuila but do occur in southeastern Coahuila. + +Migrants of the eastern flyway as well as migrants associated with +western North America pass through this section of Coahuila. The +following breeding birds are associated with this province: Goshawk, +Band-tailed Pigeon, Thick-billed Parrot, Golden-fronted Woodpecker, +Ladder-backed Woodpecker (_D. s. giraudi_), Pine Flycatcher, +Buff-breasted Flycatcher, Vermilion Flycatcher (_P. r. mexicanus_), +Steller's Jay, Scrub Jay, Mexican Chickadee, Black-crested Titmouse +(_P. a. atricristatus_), Cactus Wren (_C. b. guttatus_), Robin, +Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (_P. c. amoenissima_), Hutton's Vireo (_V. h. +stephensi_), Bell's Vireo (_V. b. medius_), Hartlaub's Warbler, Summer +Tanager (_P. r. cooperi_), Pine Siskin, Rufous-capped Atlaptes, and +Black-throated Sparrow (_A. b. grisea_). + +_The Chihuahua-Zacatecas Biotic Province._--This province in Coahuila +covers the arid, interior, western desert area; it consists of rolling +plains with mountains that rise islandlike above the general surface. +Some of the mountains, such as in the Sierra del Carmen and the Sierra +del Pino, are more than 9000 feet high. The major part of this biotic +area lies within the Lower Sonoran Life-zone. Areas of the Transition +and Canadian life-zones are present on some of the higher mountains; +their discontinuity results in a discontinuous distribution of the +conifer-dependent avifauna. + +The large desert restricts the movement of birds considerably. Major +results of this include isolation of certain populations and absence of +others in the boreal islands. For example, Miller (1955a:157) noted +that the "dispersal of conifer-belt birds to and from the Sierra del +Carmen, although not as difficult as to well separated islands [such as +off the coast of Baja California], is nevertheless a formidable matter +to accomplish across the great deserts of Texas, Chihuahua, and +Coahuila." Miller (_loc. cit._) noted also that the avifauna of the +Sierra del Carmen, due to its insularity, is unbalanced and stated that +"as a consequence of unbalance, species that are present show ecologic +extension and unusual numerical relations." At least in this type of +environment, an extension or expansion of the ecologic habits of the +related types takes place when some species are absent. + +This isolation influences local variation among some of the birds found +in Coahuila. Niches elsewhere usually occupied by certain species, +absent here, are occupied by other species. These other species thus +enjoy an ecologic freedom and can expand their niches in the absence +of related types of similar ecologic scope. For example, Miller +(1955a:158-159) reported that Hairy Woodpeckers occurred only casually +in the Sierra del Carmen and that the Ladder-backed Woodpecker has +spread out and seems to occupy the niche or niches usually characteristic +of the Hairy Woodpecker. Changes usually thought of as of subspecific +character seem to be taking place between the Ladder-backed Woodpeckers +of the Sierra del Carmen and of other areas, possibly because the +Ladder-backed Woodpecker in the Sierra del Carmen is extending its +ecologic sphere more than in areas where the Hairy Woodpecker exists. +Restriction in dispersal due to geographic isolation has probably +hindered gene flow, thus allowing rapid local adaptation, recognizable +in variation at the infraspecific level. Miller (_loc. cit._) listed +other birds that have expanded their ecologic scope; his work should be +referred to for further details. + +The following birds are associated with this province: Black Vulture, +Scaled Quail (_C. s. pallida_), Turkey, Elf Owl, Green Kingfisher, +Hairy Woodpecker (_D. v. icastus_), Ladder-backed Woodpecker (_D. s. +cactophilus_), Wied's Crested Flycatcher, Buff-breasted Flycatcher, +Vermilion Flycatcher (_P. r. flammeus_), Black-crested Titmouse (_P. a. +dysleptus_), Cactus Wren (_C. b. couesi_), Curve-billed Thrasher (_T. +c. celsum_), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (_P. c. amoenissima_), Hutton's +Vireo (_V. h. carolinae_), Summer Tanager (_P. r. cooperi_), and +Black-throated Sparrow (_A. b. opuntia_). Several kinds of birds, such +as the Band-tailed Pigeon, occur in the "pine islands" in this province +rather than on the desert floor. + +There remain several kinds of birds that are not especially associated +with any one or two of the above-named provinces. These birds are +widely distributed and vary geographically without corresponding to the +Biotic Provinces. Examples of these species are: Black Phoebe (_S. n. +semiatra_ in northern Coahuila; _S. n. nigricans_ in southern Coahuila), +Violet-green Swallow (_T. t. lepida_ in northwestern Coahuila; _T. t. +thalassina_ in southeastern Coahuila), Black-eared Bushtit (_P. m. +lloydi_ in northern Coahuila; _P. m. iulus_ in southeastern Coahuila), +White-breasted Nuthatch (_S. c. nelsoni_ in northern Coahuila; _S. c. +mexicana_ in southern Coahuila), Brown-throated Wren (_T. b. cahooni_ +in northern Coahuila; _T. b. compositus_ in southern Coahuila), Crissal +Thrasher (_T. d. dorsale_ in northern Coahuila; _T. d. dumosum_ in +southern Coahuila), and Rufous-crowned Sparrow (_A. r. tenuirostris_ in +northern Coahuila; _A. r. boucardi_ in southern Coahuila). + +Some representatives of the avifauna of the central and southern +sections of the Central Plateau reach southwestern Coahuila. The +subspecies _squamata_ of the Scaled Quail and _eurhyncha_ of the Blue +Grosbeak are examples. Each in Coahuila seems to be at the northern +limit of its range. + +In summary, there are three associations of vegetation in Coahuila and +each has characteristic birds. Gross climate and topography, through +their influence on vegetation, are the prime factors in the distribution + and kinds of birds in the State. Some birds of central and southern + México reach southeastern and southwestern Coahuila. Representatives + of the Gulf Coastal Plain in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León as well as + migrants of the eastern flyway occur in northeastern Coahuila. Most of + the species that occur in Coahuila seem to be associated with western + North America. The aridity of western Coahuila restricts, to a large + extent, the diversity of the breeding populations of its avifauna. + Xeric conditions surrounding some of the higher mountains are barriers + to movement of some species. + + +ORIGIN OF BREEDING BIRDS OF COAHUILA + +Probably beginning in the late Pliocene and ending in the Ice Age +(Griscom, 1950:379) the refrigeration of climate in the Northern +Hemisphere initiated a period of southward withdrawal of birds from the +northern part of North America. Some members of the avifauna of +Coahuila probably reached the State in this time. When the continental +deserts were formed, or reformed, many tropical and subtropical Middle +American species were forced to leave Coahuila. Species associated with +arid conditions found their way there. Many representatives of the Old +World element also seem to have found their way to the State during the +refrigeration of climate in the Northern Hemisphere. The separation of +North and South America in the greater part of the Tertiary (Mayr, +1946:9) that deterred mammals from intercontinental colonization +seemingly did not hinder birds. Some South American species moved +northward into México, all the way north to Coahuila. + +The avifauna of Coahuila today is a mixture of the several mentioned +elements. Of the breeding populations, 43 per cent breed in the western +rather than the eastern United States, 6 per cent breed in the eastern +rather than the western United States, 30 per cent breed in both the +eastern and western United States, 20 per cent are restricted to the +Republic of México, and the southern parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and +Texas, and 1 per cent (Aztec Thrush and Rufous-capped Atlapetes) is +endemic to the Republic of México. + +It is instructive to consider also the origin of avifaunal elements at +the level of Family. According to Mayr (1946:11) most North American +families and subfamilies clearly originated in the Old World, in South +America, or from a North American element that developed in the partial +isolation of North America in the Tertiary. Three other elements, the +Panboreal, the Pan-American, and the Pantropical are represented by +some North American families and subfamilies. Because of the obscurity +of the place of origin of certain groups, an additional unanalyzed +element must be recognized. + +The Caprimulgidae and Picidae probably originated in North America +(Mayr, 1946:26). Although the Psittacidae are Pantropical in +distribution, indications are that they probably originated in the Old +World (Mayr, 1946:17). The Phasianidae, Turdidae (_Myadestes-Hylocichla_ +group), and Sylviidae (Polioptilinae) seem to have originated in the +Old World (Mayr, 1946:27). However, Mayr considered these groups to +have had a secondary center of proliferation in North America, and I +thus consider these groups to have a North American origin. Mayr +(1946:27) considered the Trochilidae, Tyrannidae, and Icteridae +Pan-American in distribution; however, he suggested that they probably +originated in South America, and I here treat them as South American in +origin. No representatives of the Pan-American element that probably +originated in North America have been recorded from Coahuila nor have +members of the Panboreal element (Mayr, 1946:11) been recorded in the +State. According to my analysis, representatives of families of birds +known to breed in Coahuila and those that probably breed there thus +seem to have been derived historically from the following sources: + + Old World 24.7% + North America 37.0% + South America 24.0% + Unanalyzed 14.3% + +Mayr (1946:28-29) gave examples of analysis by geographic origin of the +breeding species of several districts of North America. For instance, +at Yakutat Bay in southeastern Alaska the South American element of +breeding passerine species was 3 per cent, the North American element +39 per cent, and the Old World element 58 per cent whereas at Sonora, +México, the South American element of breeding passerine species was 27 +per cent, the North American element 52 per cent, and the Old World +element 21 per cent. The breeding avifauna of Coahuila is thus in line +with Mayr's analysis, resembling that of Sonora to a considerable +degree at the taxonomic level of Family. + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES + +**_Podiceps caspicus_ (Hablizl).--On March 31, 1952, Olmstead saw "many +Eared Grebes" on a pond 10 mi. E Hacienda La Mariposa. This is the +first record of the Eared Grebe in Coahuila. + +[_Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_ Gmelin.--The White Pelican is uncommon, if +not rare; Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:21) list it.] + +_Anhinga anhinga_ (Linnaeus).--On March 31, 1952, Olmstead noted an +Anhinga perched on a submerged fence post in a lake 10 mi. E Hacienda +La Mariposa. This is the first record of the Anhinga in Coahuila. + +**_Ardea herodias_ Linnaeus.--Two subspecies of the Great Blue Heron, +_treganzai_ and _wardi_, have been recorded from Coahuila. Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1950:27) listed _A. h. treganzai_ from the State; +presumably this subspecies occurs widely in low density. They (_loc. +cit._) remarked also that a record of _A. h. wardi_ from Coahuila +"cannot be allocated subspecifically." + +Dickerman saw two Great Blue Herons in a marshy area at San Marcos (=20 +mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas) on May 4, 1954. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:12) +noted the Great Blue Heron "near Boquillas [Texas], along the Río +Grande, on May 10 and 15...." + +**_Butorides virescens_ (Linnaeus).--Olmstead saw a Green Heron at +Boquillas, 700 feet, on March 10, 1952. Findley reported seeing Green +Herons 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 feet, on June 19, 1952, and 2 mi. S and 3 +mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. + +**_Casmerodius albus egretta_ (Gmelin).--The Common Egret is an +uncommon migrant in Coahuila. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:30) +recorded _C. a. egretta_ from the "extreme northern part" of Coahuila. +Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:12) saw the Common Egret "along the Río +Grande on the Graham ranch just west of Boquillas," Texas, on May 16, +which might well be the locality to which Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +referred. Olmstead saw a Common Egret at Don Martín on March 22, 1952. + +**_Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli_ (Gmelin).--This subspecies of the +Black-crowned Night Heron was listed from the "extreme north" section +of Coahuila by Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:32). Van Tyne and +Sutton (1937:14) saw three Black-crowned Night Herons along the Río +Grande about two miles west of Boquillas, Texas, on May 16. This record +probably represents the locality to which Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(_op. cit._) referred. + +_Nyctanassa violacea violacea_ (Linnaeus).--A Yellow-crowned Night +Heron in immediate post-juvenile plumage, No. 36413, was obtained on +September 7, 1958, 16 km. south of Cuatro Ciénegas, by W. L. Minckley. +According to him the bird was accompanied by "several" other herons +seemingly of the same species and condition of plumage. The species +seems not to have been recorded previously from Coahuila [Eds.]. + +_Botaurus lentiginosus_ (Rackett).--Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1950:34) listed the American Bittern from the "extreme northern part" +of Coahuila. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:14) saw two representatives of +this bittern "along the Río Grande not far from Hot Springs," Texas, on +May 15. I suspect that this is the locality to which Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (_loc. cit._) referred. + +[_Branta canadensis leucopareia_ (Brandt).--Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1950:38) listed _B. c. leucopareia_ from "northern Coahuila."] + +**_Dendrocygna autumnalis_ (Linnaeus).--Evenden (1952:112) reported a +Black-bellied Tree Duck standing beside a reservoir in southern +Coahuila along the railroad between Saltillo, Coahuila, and Avalos, +Zacatecas. + +**_Anas platyrhynchos_ Linnaeus.--On March 30, 1952, Olmstead recorded +a Mallard from 10 mi. E Hacienda La Mariposa, 2000 feet. + +_Anas strepera_ Linnaeus.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31016, from +10 mi. E Hacienda La Mariposa, 2000 ft., March 30, 1952. + +The Gadwell is not an uncommon spring migrant; Olmstead saw it 10 mi. E +Hacienda La Mariposa on March 30, 1952, and Baker observed it 8 mi. N +and 4 mi. W Múzquiz on March 30, 1952. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1950:42) recorded the Gadwell from Coahuila. + +_Anas acuta_ Linnaeus.--Miller (1955a:161) took a Pintail on September +10 in the Sierra del Carmen. + +_Anas carolinensis_ Gmelin.--The Green-winged Teal has been recorded +from northern Coahuila. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:15) recorded two +mated pairs along the Río Grande at Lajitas, Texas, on May 10. Miller +(1955a:161) remarked that a male of the year was taken in the Sierra +del Carmen on September 4. + +_Anas discors discors_ Linnaeus.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: sex ? +31646 and sex ? 31647 from .5 mi. S Las Margaritas, 2800 ft., September +28, 1953. + +The Blue-winged Teal is a fairly common spring and fall migrant in +Coahuila. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:15) noted the Blue-winged Teal at +several different localities along the Río Grande: "on May 8, four +males and several females resting on a mud bar along the Río Grande +near Hot Springs [Texas]; ... on May 7, three pairs in a flock, along +the Río Grande, Castalon [Texas]; ... and on May 20, three pairs, along +the Río Grande, San Vicente [Texas]." Miller (1955a:161) reported that +Marsh took a male of the year in the Sierra del Carmen on September 10. +Dickerman observed Blue-winged Teal 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S Americanos on +May 18, 1954. Olmstead listed Blue-winged Teal from 10 mi. E Hacienda +La Mariposa on March 30, 1952. Nos. 31646-31647, which are probably +females, represent the subspecies _discors_ because the light edgings +of their crowns are definitely present; the areas of their backs are +brownish, not more intensively black, and their underparts are +brownish, less blackish. + +**_Anas cyanoptera septentrionalium_ Snyder and Lumsden.--Van Tyne and +Sutton (1937:15) listed several localities along the Río Grande in +Brewster County, Texas, where Cinnamon Teal were seen. I suspect that +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:41) referred to those localities. +Dickerman saw four pairs of Cinnamon Teal 14 mi. E and 16 mi. N Ocampo +on May 9, 1954, and also saw Cinnamon Teal 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S +Americanos on May 18, 1954. + +_Mareca americana_ (Gmelin).--The American Widgeon is a fairly common +spring migrant in Coahuila. Olmstead observed this duck 10 mi. E +Hacienda La Mariposa on March 30, 1952. Dickerman saw five to seven +American Widgeons 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S Americanos on May 18, 1954. + +_Spatula clypeata_ (Linnaeus).--The Shoveler is a spring and probably +fall migrant in Coahuila, and has been observed at several localities. +Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:16) saw two pairs along the Río Grande at +Castalon, Texas, On May 7 and saw "a fair-sized flock along the Río +Grande on the Johnson ranch [in Texas] on May 13 and 14." Dickerman saw +12 pairs of Shovelers on two ponds 14 mi. E and 16 mi. N Ocampo on May +9, 1954, and 10 more 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S Americanos on May 18. + +_Aythya affinis_ (Eyton).--Olmstead observed Lesser Scaup 10 mi. E +Hacienda La Mariposa on March 30, 1952. + +[_Bucephala albeola_ (Linnaeus).--Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1950:44) listed the Bufflehead from the State.] + +*_Cathartes aura aura_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +31017 (skeleton only), from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., +March 26, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:161) took a female Turkey Vulture, which was in breeding +condition, in the Sierra del Carmen on April 17 and stated that "until +more statistics are available on breeding birds of northern Coahuila, +they must be considered _C. a. aura_...." Amadon and Phillips +(1947:577) took a Turkey Vulture at Las Delicias which represented _C. +a. aura_. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:188) stated that this species was +not uncommon, and was noted each day soaring overhead both in the +valleys and over the tops of the ridges of southeastern Coahuila. + +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:47) listed _C. a. teter_ from +Coahuila. Miller (1955a:161) remarked that the subspecies _aura_ and +_teter_ might intergrade in the Sierra del Carmen. At the present time +it is possible to say only that _teter_ is present in Coahuila in +migrant and wintering populations, but the extent to which _teter_ +remains in northeastern México is undetermined. However, all +indications point to this area as being the region where _aura_ and +_teter_ intergrade. + +**_Coragyps atratus_ (Bechstein).--The Black Vulture is locally common +throughout most of eastern Coahuila but is uncommon in the western part +of the State. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:25) noted the Black Vulture +"regularly east of Saltillo in low country," but did not see Black +Vultures at San Pedro or elsewhere in southwestern Coahuila. Burleigh +and Lowery (1942:188) stated that "the Black Vulture apparently avoids +to a large extent the higher altitudes, and only rarely was it observed +at all, even about Saltillo." Olmstead saw Black Vultures 8 mi. N and 4 +mi. W Múzquiz, 1800 feet, on March 31, 1952, and Dickerman observed a +flock at La Gacha (=Rancho La Coucha), 1600 feet, on December 2, 1953. + +**_Accipiter gentilis_ (Linnaeus).--On July 6, 1955, Hardy saw a +Goshawk 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas; this is the first record +of occurrence of this species from northeastern México. + +*_Accipiter striatus velox_ (Wilson).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31018, from along the Río Grande (=Boquillas), 700 ft., March +10, 1952, measurements: wing, 207 mm.; tail, 171 mm.; tarsus, 53 mm.; +culmen, 12 mm. + +Our specimen of the Sharp-shinned Hawk is referred to _velox_ on the +basis of the reddish, maculated breast, sides, and thighs. The +collector's field notes recorded the iris as blood-red. Marsh and +Stevenson (1938:286) thought that this subspecies was resident in the +pine and Douglas-fir forest of upper Vivoras Canyon of the Sierra del +Carmen at 8500 feet, where Marsh observed a family group including +three immature birds. Friedmann (1950:196) indicated that the immature +male obtained by Marsh and Stevenson is _A. s. suttoni_; Miller +(1955a:161), nevertheless, remarked that this male has well barred +feathers and thus is _velox_. Miller (_loc. cit._) obtained also an +adult male of _A. s. velox_ in the Sierra del Carmen at 7000 feet on +April 18. + +**_Accipiter striatus suttoni_ van Rossem.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 32626, from 13 mi. E San Antonio, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955, +measurements: wing, 186 mm.; tail, 144 mm.; tarsus, 49 mm.; culmen, 11 +mm.; weight, 103 gms. + +The recording of _A. s. suttoni_ in Coahuila by Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1950:52), seems to have been based on their knowledge of the +specimen earlier mentioned by Friedmann (1950:196) and later identified +by Miller (1955a:161) as _A. s. velox_. Therefore the KU specimen seems +to be the first record of _A. s. suttoni_ in Coahuila. The size of its +testes (right, 2.5×4 mm.; left, 3×4 mm.) does not indicate breeding; +however, the time of the year in which it was obtained suggests that it +may have been a resident. + +*_Accipiter cooperii_ (Bonaparte).--Miller (1955a:161) found Cooper's +Hawk breeding in the Sierra del Carmen on April 26. + +_Buteo jamaicensis borealis_ (Gmelin).--The Red-tailed Hawk is common +in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:188) noted the Red-tailed Hawk +on the higher ridges above an elevation of 6000 feet in southeastern +Coahuila. On April 17, Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) saw two +Red-tailed Hawks "in the open valley south of Diamante Pass" and on +April 20, "just outside of Saltillo," these workers obtained an +immature male that was referred to _B. j. borealis_. + +**_Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi_ Sutton and Van Tyne.--Miller (1955a:161) +took a male Red-tailed Hawk, on April 14 at 7000 feet in the Sierra del +Carmen, that was referred to as _B. j. fuertesi_. To my knowledge, +there are no other records of this subspecies from Coahuila, but this +must be the resident form over the bulk of western Coahuila. + +There are several sight records of the Red-tailed Hawk. Olmstead saw +one 16 mi. S Boquillas, 1600 feet, on March 6, 1952; Dickerman saw a +Red-tailed Hawk 16 mi. E and 18 mi. N Ocampo on May 7, 1954, one 20 mi. +S Ocampo on April 4, 1954; and an immature at Saltillo on January 17, +1954. + +_Buteo platypterus platypterus_ (Vieillot).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 32628, from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July +6, 1955. + +The Broad-winged Hawk is rare in Coahuila. No. 32628, if a migrant, was +retarded from moving northward by the loss of its right foot and distal +one-third of its tarsus. Packard (1957:371) reported this specimen as +the first record of the species in Coahuila. + +*_Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte._--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] +32022 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; and [Male] 29555 +from Iglesias (=15 mi. SW Sabinas), 1000 ft., August 22, 1949. + +Swainson's Hawk is not common in Coahuila. The size of the testes (6×4 +mm.) of No. 32022, the adult plumage, and the date (June 20) on which +it was obtained suggest that it was a breeding bird. Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1950:55) reported that this species breeds as far +east as Durango and Chihuahua. Findley saw a Swainson's Hawk 2 mi. S +and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. + +**_Buteo albonotatus Kaup._--The Zone-tailed Hawk is uncommon in +Coahuila. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:26) noted the species "a few miles +west of Saltillo ... on January 30." + +_Buteo regalis_ (Gray).--The Ferruginous Hawk is uncommon in Coahuila. +Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:26) noted a single bird "not far from +Parras, on January 30." + +_Buteo nitidus_ (Latham).--Evenden (1952:112) saw a Gray Hawk one mile +northeast of Saltillo, at Ramos Arizpe on March 4. Although there are +no other records of the Gray Hawk from Coahuila, its occurrence in the +State would be expected because this species has been recorded from +Nuevo León and Tamaulipas in northeastern México (Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore, 1950:57). + +**_Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi_ (Audubon).--Harris' Hawk is fairly +common in southern Coahuila. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:26) stated that +Harris' Hawk "was one of the few birds noted repeatedly in ... southern +Coahuila...." + +_Circus cyaneus_ (Linnaeus).--The Marsh Hawk is a common migrant and +winter visitant in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:161) remarked that the Marsh +Hawk was "seen in northward migratory flight across the desert east of +the Sierra del Carmen on March 31 and on April 11 along the west face +of Loomis Peak at 8800 feet." Olmstead saw a female Marsh Hawk 1 mi. W +San Buenaventura on April 2, 1952. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:188) noted +the Marsh Hawk "about Saltillo" and "above the summit of Diamante Pass +at about 8,000 feet" on April 14. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:26) noted +wintering Marsh Hawks "near San Pedro." + +_Pandion haliaetus_ (Linnaeus).--Miller (1955a:161) reported seeing an +Osprey on April 9 in Corte Madera Canyon, "apparently in migration;" +this is the only record from Coahuila. + +**_Caracara cheriway_ (Jacquin).--From the few records in the +literature, I judge that the Caracara is uncommon in Coahuila. Evenden +(1952:113) saw three Caracaras "south of Saltillo" on March 5. Baker +saw a Caracara in the Sierra del Pino (=6 mi. NW Tanque Alvarez), 3400 +feet, on July 6, 1953. No specimens of the Caracara have been taken +from Coahuila. + +_Falco mexicanus_ Schlegel.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31596, +from Saltillo, January 10, 1954. + +The Prairie Falcon is an uncommon winter visitant in Coahuila. +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:65) indicated that _Falco +mexicanus_ winters south to Sonora, Oaxaca, Chihuahua, Durango, +Zacatecas, Auguascalientes, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. + +No. 31596 is the first recorded specimen of the Prairie Falcon from +Coahuila. The bird was heavily parasitized by worms in the mesenteries +and seems to be an adult. Although its nuchal collar, as in immatures, +is washed with pale cinnamon-buff, its thighs are not heavily marked +with dark brown spots. The superciliary lines have blackish rather than +brownish streaks, and the scapulars do not have four or five dark bars +(Friedmann, 1950:624). + +_Falco columbarius bendirei_ Swann.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +31634, from Don Martín Dam (=Río Salado), November 27, 1953, +measurements: wing, 191 mm.; tail, 111 mm.; tarsus, 37 mm.; culmen, 12 +mm.; testes, 3×1 mm. + +The Pigeon Hawk seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. No. 31634, the first +record of this species in Coahuila, has pale gray interspaces on the +rectrices of its tail that are definitely wider than the three black +bands, indicating affinity with _bendirei_ (Friedmann, 1950:702). Our +bird was obtained near the base of the Don Martín Dam of the Río +Salado, and was observed hunting dragonflies over the water. + +_Falco sparverius sparverius_ Linnaeus.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31648, from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. +W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., April 17, 1953, weight, 104 gms. + +The Sparrow Hawk is locally common in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:162) +noted the species occasionally in the lower canyon areas of the Sierra +del Carmen at 5000 feet from April 20 to 28. Dickerman saw two Sparrow +Hawks in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:27) took a male at La Rosa on January 30 that was typical for +_F. s. sparverius_. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:188) noted Sparrow Hawks +almost daily about Saltillo and infrequently in the open valley south +of Diamante Pass; they took a female at Saltillo on April 22 that was +assigned to _F. s. sparverius_. + +*_Colinus virginianus texanus_ (Lawrence).--_Specimens examined:_ total +9: [Male] 29408 and [Female] 29409 from 1 mi. S, 9 mi. W Villa Acuña, +April 2, 1950, weights, 169.5 and 174.7 gms., [Male] 29410 and [Female] +[Female] 29411-29413 from 3 mi. W, 1 mi. S San Gerónimo, April 9, 1950, +weights, 152.6, 158.6, 158.2, 159.0, and 152.8 gms.; and [Male] [Male] +32032-32034 from 9 mi. S, 11 mi. E Sabinas, 1050 ft., June 13 and 14, +1952. + +The Bobwhite is locally common in northeastern Coahuila. Aldrich and +Duvall (1955:18) indicated that _C. v. texanus_ has been recorded from +two separate localities in northeastern Coahuila and from several +localities in Texas along the Río Grande. Findley saw Bobwhites 2 mi. S +and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. The specimens of +Bobwhite from 3 mi. W and 1 mi. S San Gerónimo seem to extend the known +range of _texanus_ nearly 100 miles west. The sizes of the testes (11, +16, 15, 15 mm.) of Nos. 29408, 32032-32034, respectively, indicates +breeding by the Bobwhite in Coahuila. + +*_Callipepla squamata pallida_ Brewster.--_Specimens examined:_ total +16: [Male] 29414 from 1 mi. S, 13 mi. W Villa Acuña, April 4, 1950; +[Male] [Male] 29415-29417 from 11 mi. W Hacienda San Miguel, 2200 ft., +April 4, 1950, weights, 205.3, 198.6, and 182.7 gms.; [Female] [Female] +31019-31021 from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 2 and 4, +1952, weights, 184.4, 180 and 154.2 gms.; [Male] 34454 from 2 mi. SSE +Castillón, 4050 ft., June 29, 1953, weight, 169 gms.; [Male] 29418 and +[Female] 29419 from 8 mi. N, 2 mi. E La Babia, April 8, 1950; [Male] +[Male] 32023-32024, [Male] 32026, [Female] 32025, and [Female] 32027 +from 5 mi. N, 19 mi. W Cuatro Ciénegas, 3250 ft., July 6, 1952; and +[Male] 32640 from 2 mi. W Paila, July 3, 1955. + +The Scaled Quail is common in Coahuila. The subspecies _pallida_ occurs +in northwestern Coahuila south to Sierra de los Alamitos. Intergrades +of _pallida_, _castanogastris_, and _squamata_ are present in the +central part of the State. No. 32640, obtained 2 mi. W Paila, has some +resemblance to _squamata_. Five specimens of _pallida_ from the central +part of Coahuila (5 mi. N and 19 mi. W Cuatro Ciénegas), show little or +no approach toward _squamata_. Miller (1955a:162) stated that two of +the Scaled Quail collected in the Sierra del Carmen show no approach to +the race _castanogastris_ of eastern Coahuila nor to _C. s. squamata_ +of southern Coahuila. From the specimens that I have examined, I judge +that the range of _pallida_ extends as far south as the Sierra de los +Alamitos rather than only to the northwestern part of Coahuila as +reported by Aldrich and Duvall (1955:17). In northeastern Coahuila +_pallida_ seems to intergrade with _castanogastris_; No. 29414 has an +indistinct rusty chestnut patch on its abdomen, thus resembling +_castanogastris_. + +The sizes of the testes (9-12 mm.) and of the largest ova (14 mm. in +diameter and an egg 23 mm. long) of birds labeled with reference to +Cuatro Ciénegas indicate breeding activity. + +**_Callipepla squamata castanogastris_ Brewster.--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Male] 32028, from 9 mi. S, 11 mi. E Sabinas, June 14, 1952. + +Typical representatives of _C. s. castanogastris_ in Coahuila occur +only in the extreme northeastern section of the State, and most +specimens of the Scaled Quail from northeastern Coahuila are +intergrades between _pallida_ and _castanogastris_. + +No. 32028 is identified as _C. s. castanogastris_ because there is a +distinct rusty chestnut patch on its abdomen. This patch, nevertheless, +is not so large as in a more nearly typical male _C. s. castanogastris_ +from 15 mi. NNW Anahuac, Nuevo León. + +**_Callipepla squamata squamata_ (Vigors).--_Specimens examined:_ total +2: [Male] 30231 and [Female] 30232 from 10 mi. NW San Lorenzo, 4200 +ft., February 3, 1951. + +The subspecies _squamata_ occurs in southern Coahuila. Amadon and +Phillips (1947:577) took a Scaled Quail at Las Delicias on August 18 +that "was only two-thirds grown, though well able to fly" and obtained +an adult 19 mi. W Saltillo that was typical _squamata_. Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:188) stated that _C. s. squamata_ was one of the +characteristic birds of the open desert country of southeastern +Coahuila. Scaled Quail were seen by Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) +"about Saltillo and in the open valley south of Diamante Pass." + +The breast and upper back of both specimens from 10 mi. NW San Lorenzo, +are plumbeous-gray rather than pale dull gray. Also the lower back, +rump, abdomen, forehead, and crown more closely resemble the subspecies +_squamata_ rather than _C. s. pallida_. However, the upper backs of +both specimens are not so plumbeous-gray as on a male (32030) and a +female (32031) of the subspecies _squamata_ from 1 mi. N Chorro, +Durango, 6450 ft., July 11, 1952. The two birds from Durango appear to +be slightly darker than the Coahuilan specimens that approach the +subspecies _pallida_. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:188-189) stated that one of their specimens +of _C. s. squamata_ obtained at Saltillo seems to be "very close to +_castanogastris_, suggesting that southeastern Coahuila is in the +region of intergradation between the two races." Aldrich and Duvall +(1955:17) indicated that _squamata_ and _castanogastris_ intergrade +near Sabinas. The two specimens that I have examined show no sign of +approach toward _castanogastris_. More specimens of Scaled Quail from +Coahuila are needed to permit accurate definition of the distribution +of the subspecies. + +*_Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi_ Nelson.--The Harlequin Quail is locally +common in Coahuila; _C. m. mearnsi_ is present in northwestern Coahuila +(Aldrich and Duvall, 1955:20). Miller (1955a:162) stated that an area +in the head of Corte Madera Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen at 7500 +feet was the principal location for _C. m. mearnsi_. He further +suggested that the Harlequin Quail breeds in the Sierra del Carmen and +remarked that Marsh took a male on September 7 at Jardín del Sur. He +added that the occurrence of _C. m. montezumae_ in northern Coahuila as +reported by Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:79) is "possibly an +error or was based on individual dark variants...." Baker noted the +Harlequin Quail (unidentified to subspecies) 9 mi. W and 1 mi. S Villa +Acuña, 1120 feet, on April 4, 1950. + +*_Cyrtonyx montezumae montezumae_ (Vigors).--This subspecies of the +Harlequin Quail has been recorded from southeastern Coahuila. Ridgway +and Friedmann (1946:396) listed _C. m. montezumae_ from Saltillo. Baker +saw a pair of Harlequin Quail (unidentified to subspecies) at San +Antonio de las Alazanas on March 25, 1950. More collecting is necessary +for an understanding of the distribution and intergradation of these +subspecies in Coahuila. + +*_Meleagris gallopavo intermedia_ Sennett.--_Specimens examined:_ total +4: [Female] 31022 from Fortín (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Gerónimo), 3300 +ft., March 28, 1952, weight, 9 lbs.; [Female] 29420 from 3 mi. W, 1 mi. +S San Gerónimo, April 9, 1950, weight, 7 lbs.; and [Male] 29421 and +[Female] 29422 from 3 mi. W, 2 mi. S San Gerónimo, April 9, 1950, +weights, 11.5 and 8.5 lbs. + +The Turkey in Coahuila is restricted to the northern section of the +State. Miller (1955a:162) remarked that the population of Turkeys in +the Sierra del Carmen was sparse and did not range above 7500 feet into +the highest pine-oak and Douglas fir areas. Baker saw Turkeys 4 mi. W +Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 feet, on March 23, 1952. William Schaldach, +Jr., noted 30 Turkeys "just west of Rancho San Gerónimo" on April 9, +1950. Aldrich and Duvall (1955:22) indicated several localities in +northern Coahuila where the Turkey occurs or occurred. + +_Grus canadensis_ (Linnaeus).--Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:28) remarked +that a flock of Sandhill Cranes was heard "near Mayran ... on January +30." + +_Porzana carolina_ (Linnaeus).--The Sora is an uncommon spring and fall +migrant in Coahuila. Amadon and Phillips (1947:577) obtained an adult +male Sora at Las Delicias on August 15. + +_Fulica americana_ Gmelin.--The American Coot probably occurs in the +State as a spring and fall migrant. Dickerman saw two coots 8 mi. E and +2 mi. S Americanos on May 18, 1954. + +*_Charadrius vociferus vociferus_ Linnaeus.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31023, from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., +Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 19, 1952, weight, 82.7 gms. + +In Coahuila the Killdeer seems to be uncommon. Van Tyne and Sutton +(1937:28) remarked that it nested in Brewster County, Texas. The +species probably nests in northern Coahuila as well; the lengths of the +testes (left, 9 mm.; right, 4 mm.) of No. 31023 support this view. + +_Eupoda montana_ (Townsend).--Pitelka (1948:118) recorded one female +Mountain Plover from Hipólito on February 23. Van Tyne and Sutton +(1937:28) reported that the Mountain Plover nested in Brewster County, +Texas. Possibly _Eupoda montana_ nests in northern Coahuila as well. + +_Numenius americanus parvus_ Bishop.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Male] 31434 and [Female] 35406 (skeleton only) from 8 mi. E, 2 mi. S +Americanos, May 19, 1954, measurements: wing, 250, 258 mm.; tail, 96, +100 mm.; tarsus, 74, 81.5 mm.; culmen, 11.2, 16.5 mm.; [Male] gonad, +6×2 mm.; and [Female] 35400 (skeleton only) from 7 mi. W San Antonio de +las Alazanas, January 11, 1954. + +The Long-billed Curlew is not common in Coahuila. Dickerman obtained +both the specimens from 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S Americanos out of a flock +of 35. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:28) noted the Long-billed Curlew +"near San Pedro ... [on] January 29." + +_Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus).--The Spotted Sandpiper has been +obtained from two localities in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:162) stated +that an immature in fall migration was taken "at the tank in the +western hills" of the Sierra del Carmen on September 4. Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:189) found the Spotted Sandpiper "at the Chorro del Agua +near Arteaga" on April 17 and 19. + +_Totanus melanoleucus_ (Gmelin).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] +31024, from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., Texas, in +Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952, weight, 224 gms. + +The Greater Yellowlegs is an uncommon spring and probably fall migrant +in Coahuila. No. 31024 is the first record of this species in Coahuila. + +_Totanus flavipes_ (Gmelin).--Miller (1955a:162) reported that Marsh +took a Lesser Yellowlegs "at the tank in the western hills" of the +Sierra del Carmen on September 4. + +_Erolia melanotos_ (Vieillot).--Miller (1955a:162) reported taking a +Pectoral Sandpiper on September 4 "at the tank in the western hills" of +the Sierra del Carmen. + +[_Erolia minutilla_ (Vieillot).--Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1950:99) listed the Least Sandpiper from Coahuila.] + +*_Recurvirostra americana_ Gmelin.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] 31433 and [Female] 31432 from 8 mi. E, 2 mi. S Americanos, May +19, 1954. + +Van Hoose (1955:302) reported a small breeding colony of American +Avocets 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S Americanos "on a large grassy playa +traversed by rows of creosote (_Larrea tridentata_)." No. 31432 was +taken from a nest containing four partly-incubated eggs. Van Hoose +(_loc. cit._) also reported that four eggs in a second nest contained +well-developed, downy young. + +_Steganopus tricolor_ Vieillot.--Wilson's Phalarope occurs in Coahuila +as a spring and probably fall migrant. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:31) +saw the species several times along the Río Grande. Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1950:102) listed _Steganopus tricolor_ from the Río Grande +along the borders of Chihuahua and Coahuila on May 10-16. + +[_Larus argentatus smithsonianus_ Coues.--Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1950:104) listed this subspecies of the Herring Gull from the State.] + +[_Larus delawarensis_ Ord.--Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:103) +stated that the Ring-billed Gull occurs in Coahuila.] + +*_Columba fasciata fasciata_ Say.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Male] 35401 (skeleton only) from 22 mi. S and 5 mi. W Ocampo, 7000 +ft., April 6, 1954; and [Male] 32035 and [Female] 32036 from 4 mi. N, +21 mi. W Cuatro Ciénegas, 6200 ft., July 2, 1952. + +The Band-tailed Pigeon is locally common in Coahuila. Miller +(1955a:162) remarked that the Band-tailed Pigeon "was unaccountably +rare in 1953" in the Sierra del Carmen, and said that a specimen was +taken on August 7 in Vivoras Canyon. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:189) +wrote that "small flocks were seen each day ... on the summit of +Diamante Pass, but only on one occasion was a pair noted." Dickerman +saw 10 Band-tailed Pigeons 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 feet, on April 4, +1954. The enlarged testes (17 mm.) of No. 32035, and an egg (38 mm. +long) in No. 32036 show that the species breeds in central Coahuila. + +*_Zenaida asiatica asiatica_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31025 (skeleton only), from 10 mi. S and 5 mi. E Boquillas, +1500 ft., March 4, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:163) took a male White-winged Dove on April 23 "at the +mouth of Boquillas Canyon at about 4900 feet" and remarked that this +bird might either be a straggler or a representative of a normal +breeding population (_Z. a. asiatica_). On January 29 and 30, Sutton +and Burleigh (1939a:29) saw White-winged Doves several times in +southern Coahuila along the highway from Saltillo to San Pedro. + +**_Zenaida asiatica mearnsi_ (Ridgway).--Amadon and Phillips (1947:577) +obtained an adult White-winged Dove of this subspecies at Delicias on +August 14. + +_Zenaidura macroura carolinensis_ (Linnaeus).--Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1950:117) listed this subspecies of the Mourning Dove as a +spring and fall migrant on the "Central Plateau" (Coahuila is part of +the "Central Plateau,"), "as proven by banding records not indicated in +literature." + +*_Zenaidura macroura marginella_ (Woodhouse).--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Female] 34455, from 1 mi. W Jaco, June 27, 1953. + +Miller (1955a:163) reported _Z. m. marginella_ as occurring commonly in +the desert border and lower canyons at the base of the mountains of the +Sierra del Carmen, "but it occasionally ranged up to 6000 feet in +openings in the pine-oak belt." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:189) remarked +that this dove was fairly plentiful in the open desert country "about +Saltillo, and was ... noted in small numbers in Diamante Valley on +April 17 and 19;" they also said that the Mourning Dove was not seen +above an elevation of about 7500 feet. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:29) +observed Mourning Doves along the highway across southern Coahuila. +Mourning Doves were seen by Findley 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 feet, on June +19, 1952, and 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 feet, on June 15, 1952. +Dickerman saw one in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954. Findley saw +more than one 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952, +as did Dickerman at San Marcos (=20 mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas) on May 4, +1954. + +**_Columbigallina passerina_ (Linnaeus).--The Ground Dove seems to be +uncommon in Coahuila. Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:34) saw a single Ground +Dove fly across the Río Grande into Coahuila at Lajitas, Texas, on May +10. Findley saw one 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, +1952. + +**_Scardafella inca_ (Lesson).--The Inca Dove has been recorded from +two localities in Coahuila. Hellmayr and Conover (1942:510) listed it +from Sabinas. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:189) collected a male and +female on April 16 and 19, respectively, "outside the city limits of +Saltillo." + +_Leptotila verreauxi angelica_ Bangs and Penard.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 2: [Male] [Male] 31026-31027 (skeletons only) from 4 mi. W +Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 25, 1952. + +The White-fronted Dove seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. Hellmayr and +Conover (1942:570) listed _L. v. angelica_ from Sabinas. + +**_Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha terrisi_ Moore.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 4: [Male] [Male] 31531-31532 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, 9345 ft., April 10, 1954, weights, 391.5 and 467.5 gms.; +[Female] 31533 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 10,000 ft., +April 10, 1954, weight, 466 gms.; and sex ? 31534 from Mesa de las +Tablas, June, 1951. + +The Thick-billed Parrot occurs in the southeastern section of the +State, where it is fairly common. Moore (1947:27-28) described this +parrot as _Rhynchopsitta terrisi_: he thought it differed decidedly +from _Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha_. However, Hardy and Dickerman +(1955:305-306) decided that uniting the two forms as a single species +better expresses their relationship. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:189) reported seeing a small flock of +Thick-billed Parrots on the summit of Diamante Pass. Dickerman, in his +field notes, wrote that at a place 13 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, 9345 feet, a large flock of about 300 birds was in a +spruce-fir-pine-aspen association. + +*_Coccyzus americanus americanus_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 2: [Male] [Male] 32037-32038 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 +ft., June 19, 1952, measurements: wing, 141, 146 mm.; tail, 142, 149 +mm.; tarsus, 27, 27 mm.; culmen, 25, 24 mm. + +In Coahuila, the Yellow-billed Cuckoo seems to be uncommon. It occurs +in the northeastern section of the State, in the Gulf Coastal Plain +(Baker, 1956:128), and probably breeds there. One subspecies, +_americanus_, has been recorded from Coahuila. + +According to Ridgway (1916:13-17) the difference between _C. a. +americanus_ and _C. a. occidentalis_ is size. His (_loc. cit._) average +measurements of males of _occidentalis_ are: wing, 149.6 mm.; tail, +147.1 mm.; tarsus, 26.7 mm.; and culmen, 27.7 mm. whereas average +measurements given by him of males of _americanus_ are: wing, 143.6 +mm.; tail, 140.7 mm.; tarsus, 25.2 mm.; and culmen, 26.4 mm. Van Tyne +and Sutton (1937:35) question the value of maintaining the subspecies +_occidentalis_, because individuals of _americanus_ and _occidentalis_ +are almost impossible to tell apart. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1950:132) stated that _americanus_ occurs in eastern North America +whereas _occidentalis_ occurs in western North America. If the +subspecies _occidentalis_ exists, then Nos. 32037 and 32038 are, by +size, _americanus_ and No. 32038 is an intergrade between the two +subspecies (or a large individual of _americanus_). + +The Yellow-billed Cuckoo was seen also by Findley 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E +San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952, and by Dickerson at Torreón on +July 2, 1955. The sizes of the testes of the birds from 12 mi. N and 12 +mi. W Jiménez (9, 10 mm. long) and the date (June 19) on which they +occurred there indicate that the birds possibly were breeding. + +_Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson).--Miller (1955a:163) reported a +migrant Black-billed Cuckoo taken in the maples and basswood near a +water hole in the bottom of Boquillas Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen, +5200 feet, on April 22. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:132) +reported that this cuckoo is presumably a regular transient in México, +but generally overlooked. + +*_Geococcyx californianus_ (Lesson).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 32049, from 8 mi. N, 2 mi. W Piedras Negras, June 18, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:163) heard several Roadrunners calling at Boquillas +Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen, where he obtained two females. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:190) stated that the species proved to be +"unexpectedly scarce" and was noted but once by them on April 22 when a +single bird was observed in "the open desert west of Saltillo." Sutton +and Burleigh (1939a:30) noted that the Roadrunner was not common +anywhere in southern Coahuila; they obtained one female at San Pedro on +January 29. The size of the largest ovum (15 mm. in diameter) of No. +32040 indicates that this species breeds in Coahuila. + +*_Crotophaga sulcirostris sulcirostris_ Swainson.--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Female] 32039, from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, June +22, 1952. + +No. 32039, obtained by Harrison B. Tordoff in a cypress woods along the +shore of a lagoon, provides the first record of the Groove-billed Ani +in Coahuila. The size of its largest ovum (10 mm. in diameter) and the +date indicate breeding by this species in Coahuila. + +**_Tyto alba pratincola_ (Bonaparte).--The Barn Owl seems to be +uncommon in Coahuila. To my knowledge, there are two records of the +Barn Owl in Coahuila. Ridgway (1914:607) recorded this owl at the "head +of Las Vacas Creek." Miller (1955a:163) heard the Barn Owl at 5000 feet +in the oak belt on April 25 in the Sierra del Carmen. + +*_Otus asio suttoni_ Moore.--_O. a. suttoni_ is found in the higher +country of the Sierra del Carmen and western Coahuila. Miller +(1955a:163) stated that Screech Owls were common in groves of oaks both +at 7000 feet and 5000 feet in the Sierra del Carmen, and remarked that +his series from the Sierra del Carmen matched well a series of +_suttoni_ from Chihuahua and Durango. Miller (1955a:163-164) also +stated that Marsh took an adult at Jardín del Sur on August 28 and said +that the specimen from the Sierra del Carmen referred to as +_cineraceus_ by Marsh and Stevenson (1938:286) agreed well with his +series of _suttoni_. _O. a. suttoni_ probably occurs no farther east +than the Sierra del Carmen. + +**_Otus asio mccallii_ (Cassin).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] +32041 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; and sex ? 31645 +from La Gacha, 1600 ft., December 9, 1953. + +Three subspecies of the Screech Owl, _Otus asio_, occur in northeastern +México; two of these, _suttoni_ and _mccallii_, occur in Coahuila, the +latter in the eastern part. The third subspecies, _O. a. semplei_, +occurs still farther east, for example in the state of Nuevo León on +the Mesa del Chipinque 6 miles south of Monterrey (Sutton and Burleigh, +1939b:174). + +Nos. 31645 and 32041 differ from _semplei_ in that the tops of their +heads do not appear to be solid blackish brown at a distance of four to +five feet and in that the dark streakings of their backs and scapulars +are not so heavy as in _semplei_. The mentioned specimens are brownish, +not more black and white throughout as in _suttoni_ nor are their toes +heavily feathered (see Moore, 1941:154). + +Findley observed a Screech Owl 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas +on June 22, 1952. La Gacha would seem to represent the western extent +of _mccallii_ in Coahuila. _O. a. mccallii_ and _suttoni_ probably +intergrade along the eastern slope of the Sierra del Carmen. Tordoff +took No. 32041 near a tree that contained three young Screech Owls. + +*_Otus flammeolus flammeolus_ (Kaup).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] 31600 from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 ft., April 4, 1954; and [Male] +31581 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9345 ft., April 9, +1954. + +Miller (1955a:163) collected seven Flammulated Owls in the pines and +oaks at 7000 feet in Carboneras Canyon and said that these owls were +common there. Nos. 31600 and 31581 are suffused with cinnamoneous +pigmentation, but represent the grayish phase, as described by Ridgway +(1914:729). Van Hoose (1955:302) previously recorded Nos. 31600 and +31581 from Coahuila. + +*_Bubo virginianus pallescens_ Stone.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Female] 32042 from 2 mi. S, 12 mi. E Nava, June 15, 1952; +measurements: wing, 367 mm.; tail, 233 mm.; culmen, 29 mm.; and [Male] +31677 from 1.5 mi. NE Las Margaritas, 3100 ft., May 31, 1954; +measurements: wing, 345 mm.; tail, 213 mm.; culmen, 26 mm.; testes, 8 +mm. long. + +Miller (1955a:164) took a male Great Horned Owl in the Sierra del +Carmen on April 22. Ridgway (1914:742) listed _B. v. pallescens_ from +Sabinas. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:30) obtained a female "near San +Pedro" on January 29. Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1950:143) recorded +_B. v. pallescens_ from Coahuila on February 24, May 26, and June 10. +The record of _B. v. mayensis_ from Las Delicias (Amadon and Phillips, +1947:578) has been reidentified by Webster and Orr (1958:141) as _B. v. +pallescens_. Dickerman saw a Great Horned Owl in the Sierra del Pino on +May 12,1954. + +*_Glaucidium gnoma californicum_ Sclater.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31582, from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6500 ft., April 5, 1954, weight, 55 +gms. + +Concerning forms of Pygmy Owls, Miller (1955a:164) remarked that the +best distinguishing characters of _G. g. gnoma_ and _californicum_ are +tail length and wing length. The characters of No. 31582 (wing, 94 mm.; +tail, 69 mm.) are clearly those of _californicum_ and not those of +_gnoma_. Miller (_loc. cit._) remarked that he "encountered at least +five different individuals, chiefly in the pine-oak at 7000 feet" and +one in oaks and piñons at 5000 feet in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra +del Carmen. The size of the testes (left, 9×5 mm.; right, 7×4 mm.) of +No. 31582 indicates good probability of breeding by the Pygmy Owl in +the State. + +**_Micrathene whitneyi_ (Cooper).--Miller (1955a:164) heard the Elf Owl +at close range in oaks at 5000 feet in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra +del Carmen on April 24. + +**_Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Female] 32043 from 3 mi. S, 9 mi. E Cuatro Ciénegas, 2250 +ft., June 30, 1952; [Male] 32653 from 6 mi. W San Antonio de las +Alazanas, July 5, 1955; and [Male] 31602 from 14 mi. W San Antonio de +las Alazanas, 6500 ft., January 7, 1954. + +Although there are no records in Coahuila of specimens of Burrowing +Owls north of 3 mi. S and 9 mi. E Cuatro Ciénegas, this owl probably +occurs in the northern section of the State. The records of Burrowing +Owls from the southern part of Brewster County, Texas (Van Tyne and +Sutton, 1937:38), suggest such occurrence. No. 31602 was shot in a +prairie dog colony; No. 32043 was captured in a steel trap. Baker saw +Burrowing Owls 7 mi. S and 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 feet, on June 25, +1952. + +*_Caprimulgus vociferus arizonae_ (Brewster).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 4: [Male] 31449 and [Female] 31450 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. +S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May 12 and 15, 1954, weights, 48 and 42 gms.; +and [Male] [Male] 31028-31029 from 2 mi. N, 18 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7250 +ft., April 3, 1952. + +The Whip-poor-will occurs between 5000 feet and 9000 feet in Coahuila. +Miller (1955a:164) reported _C. v. arizonae_ in the Sierra del Carmen. +Ridgway (1914:521) stated that _Antrostomus vociferus macromystax_ +(=_C. v. arizonae_) occurs in the southeastern sector of Coahuila at +Sierra Guadalupe. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:190) reported the +Whip-poor-will "near the summit of Diamante Pass"; because of its size +(wing, 170 mm.; tail, 135 mm.) this Whip-poor-will from Diamante Pass +seems to represent the subspecies _arizonae_. Dickerman saw four +Whip-poor-wills 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 feet, on April 4, 1954. The sizes +of the testes of Nos. 31449, 31028, and 31029 (13, 12, and 13 mm. long) +and an egg taken from No. 31450 indicate breeding by this species in +the State. + +*_Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii_ (Audubon).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 6: [Male] 31032 from 37 mi. S, 21 mi. E Boquillas, 4100 ft., +March 12, 1952; [Male] 31446 and [Female] 31447 from Sierra del Pino +(=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), 6200 ft., May 13, 1954; [Male] [Male] +32048-32049 from 2 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nava, June 16, 1952; and [Female] +31033 from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 26, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:164) found the Poor-will common along the rocky canyon +walls up to 5000 feet in the Sierra del Carmen. Ridgway (1914:550) +recorded the Poor-will at Sabinas on May 21 and at Saltillo on May 6. +Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:39) stated that _P. n. nuttallii_ was not +common in the Big Bend Country of Texas; this probably is true for +northwestern Coahuila as well. The specimens from the Sierra del Pino, +collected by Dickerman in a pine-oak association at 6200 feet, were +taken near the upper limit of their range. Findley saw Poor-wills 2 mi. +W Jiménez, 850 feet, on June 19, 1952; 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 +feet, on June 15, 1952; and 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on +June 22, 1952. Dickerman noted Poor-wills 16 mi. E and 18 mi. N Ocampo +on May 7, 1954, and 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 feet, on April 4, 1954. + +The size of the testes (9×5 mm.) of No. 31446 and an enlarged oviduct +and an ovum (4 mm. in diameter) of No. 31447 indicate breeding by the +Poor-will in Coahuila. + +**_Chordeiles minor howelli_ Oberholser.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31443, from 3 mi. N, 4 mi. E San Francisco (=25 mi. N Ocampo), +4850 ft., May 16, 1954. + +Van Hoose (1955:302) wrote that nighthawks were heard and seen +frequently 3 mi. N and 4 mi. E San Francisco. Blake (1953:227) said +that the Common Nighthawk breeds in Sonora, Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, and +Durango; the size of the testes (7×4.5 mm.) of No. 31443 indicates the +possibility of breeding by this species in the State. + +*_Chordeiles acutipennis texensis_ Lawrence.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 4: [Male] 32044 and [Female] 32045 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., +June 20, 1952; [Female] 31442 from 5 mi. N, 13 mi. E Ocampo, May 6, +1954; and [Male] 32046 from 2 mi. N, 1 mi. W Ocampo, 4050 ft., July 6, +1952. + +Specimens of the Lesser Nighthawk, subspecies _C. a. texensis_, have +been recorded in the literature from representative localities +throughout most of Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:190-191) +obtained, on April 18, at "a small pond at the edge of Saltillo," one +male that was exceedingly fat; they (_loc. cit._) suggested that their +specimen was a migrant. Goldman (1951:377, 389) stated that _C. a. +texensis_ occupied the Lower and Upper Sonoran and Upper Austral +life-zones of Coahuila. Dickerman saw Lesser Nighthawks at San Marcos +(=20 mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas) on May 4, 1954. Van Tyne and Sutton +(1937:41) reported that the Lesser Nighthawk was common throughout the +lower parts of the Big Bend in Texas. This is probably true for +northwestern Coahuila as well. + +The presence of an egg in the oviduct of No. 32045 and the dates (May +6, June 20, and July 6) on which Nos. 31442, and 32044-32046 were +obtained indicate breeding by this species in Coahuila. + +**_Aëronautes saxatalis saxatalis_ (Woodhouse).--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Male] 31672, from Pico de Jimulco, 5600 ft., April 5, 1953, +weight, 35 gms. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:191) found the White-throated Swift to be +common at "the summit of Diamante Pass and on the nearby ridges." +Miller (1955a:164) saw the species from 4800 feet up to the crest of +the Sierra del Carmen. Several White-throated Swifts were seen flying +overhead at Pico de Jimulco on April 5. + +No specimens of _A. s. sclateri_ from México are known. Miller +(1955a:165) listed one specimen with dimensions (wing, 145 mm.) that +approaches _sclateri_. The measurements of No. 31672 (wing, 143 mm.; +tail, 58 mm.) also approach the dimensions of specimens of _sclateri_ +but are best referred to _A. s. saxatalis_. + +**_Calothorax lucifer_ (Swainson).--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:191) +obtained a male Lucifer Hummingbird at the Chorro del Agua on April 19. +Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:43) reported a male from the Río Grande (=3 +mi. W Boquillas, Texas). + +_Archilochus colubris_ (Linnaeus).--Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1950:180) remarked that the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is a moderately +common migrant, wintering from sea level to 9350 feet throughout +México, except in a few states. The only published record of a specimen +of this hummer in the State is of a male taken on April 22 in a small +arroyo twenty miles west of Saltillo (Burleigh and Lowery, 1942:191). + +*_Archilochus alexandri_ (Bourcier and Mulsant).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 2: [Male] 31035 from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell +County, Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952; and [Male] 32052 +from 2 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nava, 810 ft., June 16, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:165) stated the Black-chinned Hummingbird was common in +the desert area at the base of the mountains of the Sierra del Carmen, +and that Marsh, on July 25, obtained this hummingbird "near Piedra +Blanca (Conejo)." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:191) obtained a female in +an arroyo about twenty miles west of Saltillo on April 22. + +**_Selasphorus platycercus platycercus_ (Swainson).--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Male] 31583 from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6500 ft., April +4, 1954; and [Female] 32673 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, +9950 ft., July 6, 1955. + +Miller (1955a:165) indicated that the Broad-tailed Hummingbird was +fairly common in the Sierra del Carmen. According to Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:191) this species is not uncommon in the pine woods +bordering the summit of Diamante Pass; they saw the bird between 4900 +and 10,000 feet. + +*_Eugenes fulgens fulgens_ Boucard.--Miller (1955a:165) obtained a male +Rivoli's Hummingbird on Loomis Peak, 8800 feet, on April 11 in the +Sierra del Carmen. + +**_Lampornis clemenciae clemenciae_ (Lesson).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 2: [Male] 31036 from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., April 5, +1952; and [Female] 32668 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, +9950 ft., July 6, 1955. + +The Blue-throated Hummingbird occurs between 5000 and 9950 feet in +Coahuila. Miller (1955a:165) remarked that it was found in canyon +bottoms, "whether at 7500 feet among the rocky slopes, oaks, and white +pines ... or at 5000 feet in the madrone, maples, elms, and +basswoods...." No. 32668, was obtained in a Douglas fir-pine-aspen +association at 9950 feet. + +[_Amazilia yucatanensis chalconota_ Oberholser.--The Buff-bellied +Hummingbird seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1950:172) and the AOU Check-list Committee (1957:306) stated +that this hummingbird occurs in Coahuila.] + +_Megaceryle alcyon alcyon_ (Linnaeus).--Miller (1955a:165) saw a Belted +Kingfisher at Carboneras Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:15) stated that one specimen of _M. +a. alcyon_ was obtained in Coahuila on November 14. + +**_Chloroceryle americana hachisukai_ (Laubmann).--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Female] 32053 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, +June 19, 1952; and [Female] 31038 from 8 mi. N, 4 mi. W Múzquiz, 1800 +ft., March 31, 1952. + +The Green Kingfisher has been recorded in Coahuila as far south as 8 +mi. N and 4 mi. W Múzquiz. The forehead of No. 31038, when compared +with typical representatives of _C. a. hachisukai_, is not extensively +streaked with white, nor are all the coverts conspicuously spotted with +white, yet it clearly has more extensive white markings than typical +representatives of _C. a. septentrionalis_. This specimen from 8 mi. N +and 4 mi. W Múzquiz probably is intermediate between _hachisukai_ and +_septentrionalis_. Miller (1955a:165) stated that Marsh took a specimen +at Tanque de los Melones on La Bavia Ranch east of Fresno Mesa in the +Sierra del Carmen that is a typical _C. a. hachisukai_. + +_Colaptes cafer collaris_ Vigors.--Ridgway (1914:34) listed this +subspecies of the Red-shafted Flicker from Saltillo and Agua Nueva. + +*_Colaptes cafer nanus_ Griscom.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Female] 31463 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. W, 3 mi. S Acebuches), May +13, 1954, weight, 108 gms.; and [Male] 31651 and [Female] 31652 from +the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), +6500 ft., April 21, 1953. + +In suitable habitats in Coahuila the Red-shafted Flicker is common. +Miller (1955a:165-166) stated that _C. c. nanus_ was common at Corte +Madera Canyon, Boquillas Canyon, and Carboneras Canyon in the Sierra +del Carmen and recorded a specimen also from Sierra de Jardín on August +7. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:192) recorded _C. c. nanus_ from Diamante +Pass and Saltillo. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:31) stated that the +Red-shafted Flickers, obtained 5 mi. E La Rosa and at Diamante Pass, +may be intermediate between _C. c. collaris_ (then called _C. c. +chihuahuae_) and _C. c. nanus_. Nesting of the Red-shafted Flicker in +Coahuila was reported by Miller (1955a:165) and Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:192). Hardy saw Red-shafted Flickers 13 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas on July 6, 1955. + +*_Centurus aurifrons aurifrons_ (Wagler).--_Specimens examined:_ total +6: [Male] 32054 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, +1952; [Female] [Female] 32055-32057 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June +20, 1952; [Female] 31039 from 8 mi. N, 4 mi. W Múzquiz, 1800 ft., April +1, 1952; and [Male] 33150 (skeleton only) from Parras, July 4, 1955. + +The Golden-fronted Woodpecker occurs throughout Coahuila, but +uncommonly in the western part. Wetmore (1948:185-186) examined a +series of Golden-fronted Woodpeckers that showed a definite cline in +dorsal coloration from north-central Texas to Jalisco, Michoacán, and +Hidalgo in south-central México. He (_loc. cit._) stated that "the +extremes are easily separable, but in southern and southwestern Texas +and in northeastern Mexico the two kinds [_C. a. aurifrons_ and _C. a. +incanescens_] ... merge so gradually that over a broad area the whole +population is intermediate, making decisions as to any sharply drawn +dividing line difficult and in part arbitrary." _C. a. incanescens_, +according to Wetmore, occurs in western and central Texas south to +northeastern Chihuahua and northern Coahuila whereas _C. a. aurifrons_ +occurs in north-central Coahuila (Monclova) and southern Texas south to +Jalisco, Michoacán, Hidalgo, and central Tamaulipas. + +The specimens that I have examined from Coahuila are variably +intermediate between the subspecies _aurifrons_ and _incanescens_. The +dark and white cross-bars on the back of No. 31039 are nearly equal +(dark bands wider in _aurifrons_; white bands wider in _incanescens_); +the rump and upper tail coverts are more or less mixed with black as in +_aurifrons_. The dark cross-bars on the backs of Nos. 32054-32057 are +slightly larger than the white cross-bars; the rump and upper tail +coverts of these specimens are somewhat mixed with black. + +*_Centurus aurifrons incanescens_ Todd.--This subspecies of the +Golden-fronted Woodpecker is listed by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:34) from "... northern Coahuila (upper Río Grande valley)." +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:192) stated that the Golden-fronted +Woodpecker "apparently avoids the mountain slopes, but was found to be +not uncommon on the arid plateau about Saltillo." Findley saw +Golden-fronted Woodpeckers 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 feet, on June 19, 1952; +and 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. Cory +(1919:424) listed the Golden-fronted Woodpecker from Sabinas. Nos. +32055-32057 are juveniles, and thus document breeding by this +woodpecker in Coahuila. + +*_Melanerpes formicivorus formicivorus_ (Swainson).--_Specimens +examined:_ total 5: [Male] 31040 (skeleton only) from Fortín (=33 mi. +N, 8 mi. W San Gerónimo), 3300 ft., March 28, 1952; [Male] 29423 and +[Female] 29424 from Club Sierra del Carmen (=2 mi. N, 6 mi. W Piedra +Blanca), 4950 ft., April 8, 1950; [Female] 31041 (skeleton only) from +26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., April 5, 1952; and [Female] 31668 from +Sierra Guadalupe, Cañon d. Meco (=10 mi. S General Cepeda), 6500 ft., +April 23, 1953. + +The Acorn Woodpecker in Coahuila is common in the oak and pine-oak +belts, from 4950 to 8000 feet. Miller (1955a:166) stated that the Acorn +Woodpecker in the Sierra del Carmen was an abundant and conspicuous +bird throughout the oak and pine-oak belts, from 5000 to 8000 feet. +Dickerman saw two Acorn Woodpeckers in the Sierra de la Madera on +December 13, 1953, and four 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 feet, on April 4, +1954. Breeding of _M. f. formicivorus_ was reported by Miller (_loc. +cit._) who took females nearly ready to begin laying; one of our +specimens (No. 29423) had enlarged testes (11 mm.). + +_Sphyrapicus varius varius_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31649, from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 +mi. W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., April 19, 1953. + +Miller (1955a:166) reported this Yellow-bellied Sapsucker as a winter +visitant or migrant in the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:192) took a female _S. v. varius_ at the summit of Diamante Pass +on April 14. Ridgway (1914:275) listed _S. v. varius_ from Sierra de +Guadalupe. + +_Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis_ Baird.--Miller (1955a:166) reported this +Yellow-bellied Sapsucker as "indeed common" in the Sierra del Carmen, +and indicated that both _S. v. nuchalis_ and _S. v. varius_ were "found +only at the upper levels in the pine-oak formation and usually in +relatively dense clumps of trees in the canyon bottoms." Ridgway +(1914:280) listed _C. v. nuchalis_ from Río Sabinas. + +**_Dendrocopos villosus icastus_ (Oberholser).--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:39) remarked that this subspecies of the Hairy +Woodpecker occurs, in northwestern México, from eastern Sonora, +Jalisco, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas to southern Coahuila. Ridgway +(1914:222) stated that _D. v. icastus_ occurs in Coahuila at Carneros +and Sierra de Guadalupe, the former being the easternmost known +locality for the subspecies. + +**_Dendrocopos villosus intermedius_ (Nelson).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 2: [Male] 32701 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 +ft., July 6, 1955; and [Female] 31604 from 2 mi. E Mesa de Tablas, 8500 +ft., January 15, 1954. + +In northeastern México this subspecies, according to Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:39), occurs in Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, +Hidalgo, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. Nos. 31604 and 32701 represent the +first records of _D. v. intermedius_ from Coahuila. + +*_Dendrocopos scalaris cactophilus_ (Oberholser).--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Female] 31042 from 7 mi. S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, 800 +ft., March 1, 1952; and [Female] 31043 from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E +Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 3, 1952. + +These specimens of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker show signs of +intergradation with _D. s. symplectus_. Both specimens are pale enough +above for _D. s. symplectus_, but the wing and the tail of each (wing, +102, 103 mm.; tail, 60, 65 mm.) are too long for _symplectus_. This +suggestion of intergradation is not unexpected because _symplectus_ +occurs in northeastern Coahuila and _cactophilus_ in the Chisos +Mountains of Texas. Miller (1955a:166) also obtained one female _D. s. +cactophilus_ from the Sierra del Carmen that suggested intergradation +with _symplectus_. + +Miller (_loc. cit._) wrote that _D. c. cactophilus_ was found chiefly +in the oaks and was common in the lower oak belt at 5000 feet. The +upper limit of the range of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker, according to +Miller, is 6800 feet. He reported the species as breeding in the Sierra +del Carmen. + +Miller (1955b:317) took a hybrid woodpecker representing a cross +between _Dendrocopos villosus_ and _Dendrocopos scalaris_ in the Sierra +del Carmen, where, although Ladder-backed Woodpeckers were common, he +found no Hairy Woodpeckers. + +**_Dendrocopos scalaris symplectus_ (Oberholser).--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32058 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, June 20, 1952; +and [Male] 31667 from Sierra Guadalupe, Domingo Canyon (=10 mi. S, 14 +mi. W General Cepeda), 6700 ft., April 18, 1953. + +This Ladder-backed Woodpecker, according to the AOU Check-list +Committee (1957:327) and Oberholser (1912:156), occurs in Texas (east +of Pecos), northeastern Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. The area +of intergradation of _D. s. symplectus_ and _giraudi_ is in +southeastern Coahuila. The dark smoky underparts and the equal size of +the white and black bars of the upper parts of No. 31667 suggest +intergradation with _D. s. giraudi_. Yet, the size of the wing +indicates that this specimen is closer to _D. s. symplectus_. No. 32058 +has characters of typical representatives of _D. s. symplectus_. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) reported _D. s. symplectus_ "in the +desert country west of Saltillo." Ridgway (1914:257) listed the +Ladder-backed Woodpecker from Sabinas. Cory (1919:494) listed _D. s. +symplectus_ from Pabinas (=Sabinas?). + +**_Dendrocopos scalaris giraudi_ (Stone).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 34623, from 12 mi. N, 10 mi. E Parras, 3850 ft., July 12, 1953, +weight, 35 gms. + +Ridgway (1914:259) reported that _D. s. giraudi_ (then called +_Dryobates scalaris bairdi_) has been recorded from La Ventura, +Carneros, and Jaral. Oberholser (1912:159) indicated that the +subspecies _giraudi_ occurs north to Jaral in southern Coahuila, east +to La Ventura in southeastern Coahuila, and south through central +México. The present specimen is darker ventrally than specimens of +either _D. s. cactophilus_ or _D. s. symplectus_, and on its upper +surface the black bars are wider than the white. The specimen is in +worn plumage, but nevertheless suggests intergradation with _D. s. +symplectus_. + +_Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris_ (Lawrence).--The Rose-throated +Becard, if it occurs in Coahuila at all, is rare in the State. Without +giving any specific locality, Sclater (1857:74) described +_Pachyrhamphus aglaiae_ from Coahuila. Hellmayr (1929:202) considered +Sclater's record as representing _Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris_ +(Lawrence). + +*_Tyrannus vociferans vociferans_ (Swainson).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 2: [Male] 32064 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June +24, 1952; and [Female] 31650 from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe +(=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., April 15, 1953. + +The small number of records of Cassin's Kingbird in Coahuila is +surprising, for I would expect the species in most areas of the State +between 6000 and 7000 feet. All Coahuilan records are from the +southeastern part of the State. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) found it +"on infrequent occasions in the arid country near Saltillo." Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:71) reported that _T. v. +vociferans_ nested in Coahuila on July 7. The size of the testes (15×7 +mm.) of our specimen from near Bella Unión also indicates breeding. + +**_Muscivora forficata_ (Gmelin).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] +32063, from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952. + +The status of the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in Coahuila is uncertain. +Although the condition of the gonads of No. 32063 was not recorded by +the collector, the late date (June 19) on which is was obtained +suggests that this female was a resident in northeastern Coahuila. +Findley saw a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 +feet, on June 15, 1952. Dickerman saw one 4 mi. N San Isidro on May 10, +1954. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:69) recorded this +flycatcher from Sabinas on April 12. No other records of _Muscivora +forficata_ in Coahuila have come to my attention, but the species +probably occurs in the State in migration. + +*_Myiarchus crinitus crinitus_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ total +3: [Female] 32065 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, +1952; and [Male] 32066 and [Female] 32067 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 +ft., June 20, 1952. + +The Great Crested Flycatcher seems to be rare in Coahuila. Nos. +32065-32067 are the first specimens that I know of from Coahuila. Bangs +(1898:179-180) said that the subspecies _crinitus_ has an "enormous +swollen bill" (exposed culmen of male, 20 mm.; breadth of bill at +middle of nostril, 10.3 mm.) whereas _M. c. boreus_ has a "small +slender bill" (exposed culmen of male, 18.6 mm.; breadth of bill at +middle of nostril, 8.6 mm.). No. 32066 has a large bill (exposed +culmen, 21 mm.; breadth of bill at middle of nostril, 10 mm.). Bangs +(_loc. cit._) did not give any measurements for females of _M. c. +crinitus_ or _boreus_. Nevertheless, I suspect that Nos. 32065 and +32067 represent _crinitus_ (No. 32065: exposed culmen, 19 mm.; breadth +of bill at middle of nostril, 9 mm.; No. 32067: exposed culmen, 20 mm.; +breadth of bill at middle of nostril, 9.5 mm.). The size of the testes +(9 mm. long) of No. 32066 and the dates (June 19 and 20) on which the +specimens were collected indicate breeding by this species in the +State. + +*_Myiarchus tyrannulus cooperi_ Baird.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] 32068 and [Female] 32069 from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de +Sabinas, 1160 ft., June 22, 1952, measurements: wing, 102, 97 mm.; +tail, 93, 90 mm. + +Wied's Crested Flycatcher is not common in Coahuila. Eastern Coahuila +represents the eastern limit of the range of _M. t. cooperi_. +Measurements of our specimens agree well with the average measurements +of typical _M. t. cooperi_. According to Ridgway (1907:621), _M. t. +cooperi_ (then called _Myiarchus mexicanus mexicanus_) has been +recorded from Sabinas. The size of the testes (14×7 mm.) of No. 32068 +and the date (June 22) on which the specimens were collected indicate +breeding by this species in the State. + +*_Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens_ (Lawrence).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 7: [Female] 31045 from 15 mi. SE Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 16, +1952; [Male] 32070 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, +1952; [Female] 32071 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; +[Male] 35413 from 6 mi. N, 2 mi. W Castillón, 3750 ft., June 30, 1953; +[Male] 32072 from 9 mi. S, 11 mi. E Sabinas, June 14, 1952; [Female] +31584 from 17 mi. S Ocampo, 5300 ft., April 7, 1954; and [Male] 31673 +from the west foot of Pico de Jimulco, 5000 ft., April 4, 1953. + +The Ash-throated Flycatcher is common in Coahuila. All specimens +examined by me from there are typical of _M. c. cinerascens_. Ridgway +(1907:626) listed _M. c. cinerascens_ from Monclovia (=Monclova?) and +Sabinas. Miller (1955a:166) found the species "only in the oak belt at +5000 feet, where it was common." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) +recorded _M. c. cinerascens_ from "near Saltillo." Dickerman obtained +No. 31584 in a mesquite-grassland-shrubby area. Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:78) stated that _M. c. cinerascens_ breeds in +Coahuila. + +_Sayornis phoebe_ (Latham).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:66) recorded the Eastern Phoebe from Coahuila on November 4-14. + +*_Sayornis nigricans semiatra_ (Vigors).--_Specimens examined:_ total +2: [Female] 31046 from 1 mi. N Boquillas, 700 ft., March 7, 1952; and +[Female] 31047 from Fortín (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Gerónimo), 3300 ft., +March 27, 1952. + +Of the Black Phoebe, the two subspecies _semiatra_ and _nigricans_ +intergrade in Coahuila. Typical representatives of _S. n. semiatra_ are +present in northern Coahuila. The under tail coverts of Nos. +31046-31047 are immaculate and white. Miller (1955:167) noted the two +specimens collected from the Sierra del Carmen to have narrow dark +shaft streaks on the under tail coverts. He (_loc. cit._) remarked also +that "the marking of the under tail coverts may indicate a beginning of +a gradient in increased darkening of these feathers toward _S. n. +nigricans_ in southern Coahuila." + +*_Sayornis nigricans nigricans_ (Swainson).--Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:193) collected several specimens of _S. n. nigricans_ "on the +outskirts of Saltillo" and saw a pair at the Chorro del Agua on April +19. + +*_Sayornis saya saya_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: +[Female] 31049 from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., +Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952; sex ? 31048 from 10 mi. S, +5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 4, 1952; [Male] 31050 from Fortín +(=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Gerónimo), 3300 ft., March 29, 1952; and +[Female] 32059 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, +1952. + +Say's Phoebe occurs commonly in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:167) obtained a +female with an active brood patch in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del +Carmen, and remarked that Marsh took a juvenile on September 2 at El +Rincón. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:33) saw this phoebe several times in +southern Coahuila and obtained a male "near San Pedro" on January 29. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:193) recorded this species as "a common +breeding bird both on Diamante Pass and on the arid plateau around +Saltillo." No. 32059 was a juvenile. + +_Empidonax traillii brewsteri_ Oberholser.--Amadon and Phillips +(1947:578) look a Traill Flycatcher of the subspecies _brewsteri_ at +Las Delicias on August 11. + +_Empidonax minimus_ (Baird and Baird).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31470, from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), 6200 +ft., May 13, 1954. + +Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) obtained two Least Flycatchers at Las +Delicias on August 12. Dickerman took No. 31470 in pine-oak vegetation. + +_Empidonax hammondii_ (Xantus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, sex ? 31657, +from the north slope of Sierra Guadalupe (=11 mi. S, 7 mi. W General +Cepeda), 7800 ft., April 20, 1953. + +No. 31657 is similar to _E. wrightii_ (Wright's Flycatcher); however, +the outmost (tenth) primary is equal to or slightly larger than the +fifth primary. Yet, the underparts of No. 31657 are darker and more +uniform in coloration than those of typical representatives of _E. +wrightii_. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:88) stated that +Hammond's Flycatcher is "transient" in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:193-194) reported that _E. hammondii_ was the most prevalent of +the small flycatchers in southeastern Coahuila. They (_loc. cit._) +obtained specimens of this flycatcher from the Chorro del Agua and +Diamante Pass. Miller (1955a:167) characterized _E. hammondii_ as a +common migrant, "chiefly in stands of low oaks in the pine-oak belt but +also occasionally in the desert scrub" of the Sierra del Carmen. + +_Empidonax wrightii_ Baird.--Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) reported +one Wright's Flycatcher from Las Delicias. Miller (1955a:167) stated +that this species was a common migrant and occurred chiefly in the +lower oak belt and in the desert scrub. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:34) +obtained specimens of _E. wrightii_ from San Pedro on January 29. + +_Empidonax griseus_ Brewster.--Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:34) noted +that the Gray Flycatcher was common "in the San Pedro region" and +collected two at San Pedro on January 29. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:194) collected specimens "near the Chorro del Agua, at Saltillo, +and ... in the open desert some twenty miles west of Saltillo." + +**_Empidonax affinis trepidus_ Nelson.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 32750, from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July +6, 1955. + +Ridgway (1907:576) previously reported the little known and poorly +defined Pine Flycatcher from Sierra Guadalupe. Because of its small +size (wing, 75 mm.; tail, 65 mm.), No. 32750 is referable to _E. a. +trepidus_. No indication of breeding of the subspecies _trepidus_ +exists for Coahuila. Nevertheless, the date (July 6) on which No. 32750 +was obtained suggests that this flycatcher may breed in southeastern +Coahuila. + +*_Empidonax difficilis hellmayri_ Brodkorb.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31469, from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May +13, 1954, measurements: wing, 71 mm.; tail, 65 mm.; culmen, 11.5 mm.; +tarsus, 17.0 mm. + +Miller (1955a:167) reported that the Western Flycatcher breeds in the +Sierra del Carmen, from 6800 to 7500 feet. According to Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:91), this subspecies has been +recorded from Sierra Guadalupe. No. 31469 closely resembles, especially +in measurements, the specimens of the Western Flycatcher from the +Chisos Mountains of Texas as reported by Brodkorb (1935:2). + +_Empidonax difficilis_ subsp.--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:194) obtained +a specimen of _E. difficilis_ "near the summit of Diamante Pass" that +they tentatively identified as _E. d. salvini_. However, they +considered the specimen as possibly _E. d. immemoratus_ or _E. d. +occidentalis_. + +Localities listed by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:92) of +_E. d. salvini_ and _E. d. immemoratus_ are south of twenty-three +degrees north latitude whereas the range of _E. d. occidentalis_ +includes parts of Nuevo León north of twenty-three degrees north +latitude (_occidentalis_ intergrades with _hellmayri_ at Cerro Potosí, +Nuevo León, [Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, _loc. cit._]). +Thus, the specimen from Diamante Pass probably is either _E. d. +hellmayri_ or _E. d. occidentalis_. + +**_Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus_ Coues.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:95) listed this subspecies of the Buff-breasted +Flycatcher from the Sierra Guadalupe on April 21. This record +represents the eastern limit of the range of _E. f. pygmaeus_ in +northeastern México. + +**_Contopus pertinax pertinax_ Cabanis and Heine.--Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:194) obtained one female Coues' Flycatcher "in a small gully just +below the summit of Diamante Pass." + +_Contopus virens_ (Linnaeus).--I judge from the paucity of records in +the literature that the Eastern Wood Pewee is uncommon in Coahuila. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:194) obtained two males at the Chorro del +Agua, and remarked also that "it is possible that as far west as +Saltillo, this species is a rather uncommon transient." Ridgway +(1907:519) listed _Contopus virens_ from Sabinas. + +*_Contopus sordidulus veliei_ Coues.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] 31467 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May +14, 1954; and [Male] 31653 from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 +mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., April 19, 1953. + +Specimen No. 31467 of the Western Wood Pewee was obtained in pine and +oak vegetation by Dickerman. Ridgway (1907:523) reported _Contopus +sordidulus veliei_, under the name _Myiochanes richardsonii +richardsonii_, from Sierra Encarnación. Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) +obtained a specimen of _C. sordidulus_ from Las Delicias. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:83) remarked that the Western Wood +Pewee breeds in the State. + +_Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson).--Several records of the Olive-sided +Flycatcher from Coahuila are present in the literature. Miller +(1955a:167) reported it as a migrant in the desert at the base of the +Sierra del Carmen on April 24. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:82) reported this species from Ocampo on June 16. Amadon and +Phillips (1947:578) obtained one at Las Delicias on August 16. Burleigh +and Lowery (1942:194) collected two males "near the summit of Diamante +Pass" on April 14. + +*_Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus_ Sclater.--_Specimens examined:_ total +3: [Male] 32060 and [Female] 32061 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 +ft., June 19, 1952; and sex ? 32062 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June +20, 1952. + +The Vermilion Flycatcher is common in Coahuila. Except in the +northwestern part of the State, the subspecies _mexicanus_ is present +throughout Coahuila. The size of No. 32060 (wing, 80 mm.; tail, 62 mm.) +suggests that the specimen is an intergrade between _P. r. flammeus_ +and _mexicanus_. _P. r. flammeus_ and _mexicanus_ seem to intergrade in +northern Coahuila. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:195) found _mexicanus_ to be "quite plentiful +on the plains surrounding Saltillo." Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:33) +noted the Vermilion Flycatcher "near San Pedro." Cory and Hellmayr +(1927:92) listed _P. r. mexicanus_ from Sabinas. The size of the testes +(6×4 mm. long) of No. 32060 and the dates (June 19 and 20) on which our +specimens were collected indicate breeding. + +_Pyrocephalus rubinus flammeus_ van Rossem.--This subspecies of +Vermilion Flycatcher occupies the northwestern section of Coahuila. +Marsh and Stevenson (1938:287) took a specimen of _P. r. flammeus_ +"near Santo Domingo, east of the Del Carmens...." Miller (1955a:167) +re-examined this specimen and stated that "its affinity with the +northwest race of the species seems correct in terms of the characters +outlined by van Rossem (1934:353)." + +_Eremophila alpestris enthymia_ (Oberholser).--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:105) recorded this subspecies of Horned Lark +wintering 4 mi. S Hipólito (November 2 to February 24). They reported +also that _E. a. enthymia_ breeds in Coahuila (4 mi. S Hipólito ?). + +*_Eremophila alpestris diaphora_ (Oberholser).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 9: [Male] [Male] 32073-32078 and [Female] 32079 from 7 mi. S, 4 +mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952; and [Male] [Male] +31605-31606 from 14 mi. W San Antonio de las Alazanas, 6500 ft., +January 9, 1954. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:195) wrote that this subspecies of Horned +Lark was uncommon "about Saltillo," but "fairly common" in Diamante +Valley, at about 7000 feet. Oberholser (1902:863) recorded the +subspecies _aphrasta_ from La Ventura. Ridgway (1907:326) listed +_Otocoris alpestris aphrasta_ Oberholser from Saltillo and La Ventura. +However, Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:105) indicated +that _E. a. diaphora_ rather than _aphrasta_ was recorded from Saltillo +and La Ventura. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:35) remarked that "specimens +collected near Ramos Arizpe [in southeastern Coahuila]" proved to be +_E. a. aphrasta_. However, this record might be questioned, as Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (_op. cit._) indicated, because +_diaphora_, rather than _aphrasta_, seems to occupy the southeastern +sector of Coahuila. Possibly typical representatives of _aphrasta_ +and/or intergrades between _aphrasta_ and _diaphora_ are present in +western Coahuila; however, no records of _E. a. aphrasta_ exist from +western Coahuila. + +The sizes of Nos. 32073-32077 and 31605-31606 (wing, 98.0-101.5 mm., +averaging 99.7 mm.), the bright yellow throat, and the vinaceous color +of the hindneck characterize clearly the subspecies _diaphora_. The +sizes of the testes (9×6 mm.; 8×5 mm.; 10×6 mm.; 8×4 mm.; 11×6 mm.) of +Nos. 32073-32077, the size of the largest ovum (6.5 mm.) of No. 32079, +and the juvenile (32078) are evidence of breeding of _E. a. diaphora_ +in Coahuila. + +*_Tachycineta thalassina thalassina_ (Swainson).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Male] 31471, [Male] 31473, and [Female] 31472 from Sierra del +Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May 15, 1954, measurements: wings, +125, 118, 108 mm.; tails, 56, 54, 46 mm. + +The two subspecies of the Violet-green Swallow, _thalassina_ and +_lepida_, intergrade in Coahuila. Specimens from different localities +in the State represent various stages of intergradation between the two +subspecies; generally those from northern Coahuila seem to be closer to +_T. t. lepida_, and those from southern Coahuila are closer to _T. t. +thalassina_. Nos. 31471-31473 are intergrades between _T. t. +thalassina_ and _T. t. lepida_; in size the three resemble _T. t. +thalassina_, but in green, rather than purple, backs and scapulars +resemble _T. t. lepida_. The rumps of Nos. 31471-31473 show some purple +with the green, but are nearer _thalassina_ in this character. + +Gonadal sizes (testes 10×7, 10×8 mm., one ovum 6 mm.) indicate that the +Violet-green Swallow breeds in the Sierra del Pino. + +*_Tachycineta thalassina lepida_ Mearns.--Miller (1955a:167) reported +that Violet-green Swallows taken in Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del +Carmen are intermediate between _T. t. lepida_ and _thalassina_; +however, he referred his sample to _lepida_ on the basis of short wing. + +_Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:114) reported the Tree Swallow from Hipólito on February +22. + +_Stelgidopteryx ruficollis psammochrous_ Griscom.--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:111) reported this subspecies of the +Rough-winged Swallow from Saltillo. + +*_Hirundo rustica erythrogaster_ Boddaert.--Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:195) stated that the Barn Swallow was the most abundant swallow +"about Saltillo." Because these swallows occupied houses about Saltillo +and neighboring villages, Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) concluded +that the species nests commonly in the Saltillo area. Findley saw Barn +Swallows 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava, 810 feet, on June 15, 1952. +Dickerman observed them at San Marcos (=20 mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas) on +May 4, 1954. + +*_Petrochelidon pyrrhonota minima_ van Rossem and +Hachisuka.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: [Male] [Male] 31585-31586 +from 14 mi. W San Antonio de las Alazanas, April 9, 1954. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) noted the Cliff Swallow "in small +numbers about Saltillo and the nearby villages" where the species +"showed evidence of beginning to nest in many of the houses...." They +(_loc. cit._) found Cliff Swallows also at the Chorro del Agua and +Diamante Valley. According to Dickerman, Nos. 31585-31586 were from a +colony, members of which were collecting mud at a stock tank. + +*_Petrochelidon fulva pallida_ Nelson.--The Cave Swallow seems to be +uncommon in eastern Coahuila. Selander and Baker (1957:345) list +Saltillo, Sabinas, and Monclova as the three known localities for this +swallow in the State. + +*_Progne subis subis_ (Linnaeus).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:107) reported, presumably on the basis of a published +record not found by me, that the Purple Martin breeds in Coahuila. + +**_Progne chalybea chalybea_ (Gmelin).--The only record of the +Gray-breasted Martin in Coahuila was given by Ridgway (1904:42) when he +listed _P. c. chalybea_ from Sabinas. + +**_Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha_ Baird.--_Specimens examined:_ total +2: [Male] 32788 and [Female] 32787 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955. + +From the paucity of records in the literature, I judge that Steller's +Jay is uncommon in Coahuila. Nos. 32787-32788 seemingly represent the +first records of this species in the State, and are referred to the +subspecies _macrolopha_ on the basis of relatively long (150, 151 mm.) +wing, near the maximum for _stelleri_ from México. The date (July 6) of +collection suggests that these birds were resident in southeastern +Coahuila. + +**_Aphelocoma coerulescens cyanotis_ Ridgway.--The Scrub Jay is common +in southeastern Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) noted this +species in small numbers at the summit of Diamante Pass, daily on the +lower slopes of the mountains, and a few birds "on the outskirts of +Saltillo, where they were probably nesting...." Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:35) also noted several flocks at Diamante Pass. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:123) reported _A. c. cyanotis_ from +El Diamante. Ridgway (1904:335) listed this subspecies of the Scrub Jay +(then called _Aphelocoma cyanotis_) from Carneros, Sierra Encarnación, +and Sierra Guadalupe. + +*_Aphelocoma ultramarina couchii_ (Baird).--_Specimens examined:_ total +14: [Female] 31051 from Sierra de la Encantada (=38 mi. S, 23 mi. E +Boquillas), 4400 ft., March 15, 1952; [Male] [Male] 29425-29426 and +[Female] [Female] 29427-29428 from Club Sierra del Carmen (=2 mi. N, 6 +mi. W Piedra Blanca), 4950 ft., April 8, 1950; sex ? 31052 (skeleton +only) from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 25, 1952; +[Female] [Female] 31635-31636 from Canyon de Parazos in the Sierra de +la Parazos Azula (=9 mi. E Hermanas), 2100 ft., December 7, 1953; +[Female] 32082 from 4 mi. N, 21 mi. W Cuatro Ciénegas, 6200 ft., July +3, 1952; [Female] 31053 (skeleton only) from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, +7050 ft., April 5, 1952; [Male] 32081 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella +Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952; [Female] 33173 (skeleton only) from 13 +mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955; [Male] 31607 +from 13 mi. E, 3 mi. S San Antonio de las Alazanas, 8900 ft., January +11, 1954; and [Male] 31654 from Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W +General Cepeda), 7000 ft., April 13, 1953. + +The Mexican Jay is common in Coahuila. This species occupies various +habitats in the State and has been collected at stations ranging from +2100 to 9950 feet. + +Miller (1955a:167) stated that the Mexican Jay was the most abundant +species of bird in the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:196) remarked that specimens of _A. u. couchii_ were obtained "in +the area surrounding the summit of Diamante Pass." At no time did +Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) see this species below 6500 feet. The +Mexican Jay is restricted to the higher altitudes in southern Coahuila +but is more widespread in northern Coahuila. Dickerman saw Mexican Jays +in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954; 16 mi. E and 18 mi. N Ocampo on +May 7, 1954; in the Sierra de la Madera on December 13, 1953; and 20 +mi. S Ocampo on April 4, 1954. + +Ridgway (1904:340) remarked that _Aphelocoma sieberii potosina_ Nelson +[=_A. u. couchii_ (Baird)] has been recorded in southern Coahuila, at +Carneros. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:124) recorded _A. +u. couchii_ from Carneros, Nuevo León. I suspect (Ridgway, 1904:340 and +Goldman, 1951: map opposite p. 34) that the locality given by Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (_op. cit._) should be Carneros, +Coahuila, rather than Carneros, Nuevo León. + +Specimens (31051, 29425-29428, 31635-31636, 32081-32082, 31607, and +31654) of the Mexican Jay increase in size from northern Coahuila to +southern Coahuila. The average length of the wings of Nos. 29425-29426 +from Club Sierra del Carmen is 152 mm. whereas the average length of +the wings of No. 32081 from 7 mi. S and 4 mi. E Bella Unión, of No. +31607 from 13 mi. E and 3 mi. S San Antonio de las Alazanas, and of No. +31654 from Sierra Guadalupe is 164 mm. + +Miller (1955a:169) indicated that the Mexican Jay breeds in the Sierra +del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:196) remarked that the species +breeds at Diamante Pass. The sizes of the testes (12, 11 mm.) of Nos. +29425-29426, the size of the ovum (8 mm.) of No. 29428, and the short +tail (126 mm.) of the immature female from 4 mi. N and 21 mi. W Cuatro +Ciénegas are also evidence of breeding by this species in the State. + +*_Corvus corax sinuatus_ Wagler.--The Common Raven seems to occur in +low density in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:168) saw ravens in the pine-oak +and cliff areas of the Sierra del Carmen, and took a breeding female at +the head of Corte Madera Canyon, 7500 feet. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:196) found this species to be a bird of the higher slopes of the +mountains although not uncommon in the broad open valley south of +Diamante Pass. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:35) took a male at Santa +Rosa. + +*_Corvus cryptoleucus_ Couch.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: [Male] +32080 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; [Female] 35404 +(skeleton only) from 4 mi. N San Isidro (=16 mi. N Ocampo), May 10, +1954; and [Male] [Male] 31474-31475 from R. de Almendárez (=53 mi. NW +Ocampo), May 11, 1954. + +The White-necked Raven occurs throughout Coahuila. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:36) observed this species "in the vicinity of Saltillo," but not +farther west. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:197) noted _C. cryptoleucus_ +frequently "on the arid plateau around Saltillo" and obtained a +specimen "in the high fertile valley south of Diamante Pass." Burleigh +and Lowery (_loc. cit._) remarked that the White-necked Raven avoids +the mountain slopes; 7000 feet was the uppermost limit of occurrence. +The sizes of the testes (32080, 20 mm.; 31474: left, 12×20 mm., right, +10x16 mm.; and 31475: left, 10×16 mm., right, 10×14 mm.) of the +specimens that I have examined and the dates (May 11, June 20) on which +they were collected indicate breeding by the White-necked Raven in +Coahuila. + +*_Parus sclateri eidos_ (Peters).--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: +[Female] 32083 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, +1952; [Male] 31609 from 2 mi. E Mesa de Tablas, 9000 ft., January 15, +1954; [Male] 31656 and [Female] 31655 from the north slope of Sierra +Guadalupe (=11 mi. S, 7 mi. W General Cepeda), 7800 ft., April 20, 1953. + +The Mexican Chickadee is common in southeastern Coahuila. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:133) stated that _P. s. eidos_ and +_P. s. sclateri_ intergrade in southern Coahuila. The specimens that I +have examined also show signs of intergradation, but are closer to _P. +s. eidos_. + +Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:36) reported taking specimens of _P. s. +eidos_ at Diamante Pass where they saw several individuals. Burleigh +and Lowery (1942:197) also observed these chickadees "in the pine woods +about the summit of Diamante Pass...." The size of the testes (6×5 mm.) +of No. 31656 and the fact that No. 31655 was incubating eggs at the +time it was obtained are evidence of breeding by this chickadee in the +State. + +**_Parus sclateri sclateri_ Kleinschmidt.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:133) stated that a specimen (or specimens?) of _P. s. +sclateri_ which showed evidence of intergradation with _P. s. eidos_ +was obtained at El Diamante. + +**_Parus atricristatus dysleptus_ Van Tyne.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31054 from 37 mi. S, 21 mi. E Boquillas, 4100 ft., March 13, +1952. + +Two subspecies of the Black-crested Titmouse are present in Coahuila. +_P. a. dysleptus_ occurs in northwestern Coahuila. Miller (1955a:168) +stated that the Black-crested Titmouse, identified as _dysleptus_, was +the only representative of the genus _Parus_ in the Sierra del Carmen. +The weak extension of black onto the nape in No. 31054 suggests +intergradation between _P. a. dysleptus_ and _P. a. atricristatus_; the +latter lacks the black nape of _dysleptus_. + +*_Parus atricristatus atricristatus_ Cassin.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 4: [Female] 32084 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June +19, 1952; sex ? 32085 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; +[Female] 31055 (skeleton only) from Fortín (=33 mi. N, 1 mi. E San +Gerónimo), 3300 ft., on March 29, 1952; and [Female] 35399 (skeleton +only) from 3.5 mi. W, 22 mi. S Ocampo, December 15, 1953, weight, 16 +gms. + +Typical _P. a. atricristatus_ occurs in Coahuila in the southeastern +sector (Dixon, 1955:184). Black-crested Titmice intermediate between +_atricristatus_ and _dysleptus_ were listed from Cuidad Múzquiz and +Sabinas by Dixon (_loc. cit._:189), as _dysleptus_ but were shown on +his map (_loc. cit._:184) as _atricristatus_. Our Nos. 32084 and 32085 +(wing, 71, 71, tail, 63, 64 mm.) are small and fall in the upper range +of size for _atricristatus_ to which the specimens are here referred. + +*_Auriparus flaviceps ornatus_ (Lawrence).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31056, from Sierra de la Encantada (=38 mi. S, 23 mi. E +Boquillas), 4400 ft., March 15, 1952. + +The Verdin occurs up to about 5000 feet in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:168) +reported that "this desert species followed the catclaw scrub up the +washes to about 4800 feet, the limit of such habitat" in the Sierra del +Carmen and also gave evidence of breeding by the Verdin in Coahuila. +Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) reported a nest of _Auriparus flaviceps_ +at Las Delicias. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:197) obtained a single +specimen "in an arroyo a few miles east of Saltillo" and a single +specimen "about twenty miles west" of Saltillo. Ridgway (1904:421) +reported _A. f. ornatus_ [he referred to it as _A. f. flaviceps_] at +Monclova. Hellmayr (1934:88) listed _A. f. ornatus_ from Jaral. Findley +saw a Verdin 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. + +The size (wing, 50 mm.; tail, 43 mm.) of No. 31056 is small for typical +representatives of _A. f. ornatus_. The yellow of the head of No. 31056 +is darker than that of the other subspecies of the Verdin, and I have +accordingly allocated the specimen to _A. f. ornatus_. + +*_Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi_ Sennett.--_Specimens examined:_ total +5: [Male] 31058 and [Female] 31057 from 37 mi. S, 21 mi. E Boquillas, +4100 ft., March 13, 1952; [Male] 31060 and [Female] 31059 from Sierra +de la Encantada (=38 mi. S, 23 mi. E Boquillas), 4400 ft., March 15, +1952; and [Male] 35407 (skeleton only) from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. W, +3 mi. S Acebuches), 6200 ft., May 14, 1954. + +The Black-eared Bushtit is common in Coahuila. Typical representatives +of _P. m. lloydi_ in the northern part of the State range from 4100 +feet to 8000 feet. Miller (1955a:168-169) reported _P. m. lloydi_ +breeding in the Sierra del Carmen. Marsh and Stevenson (1938:287) +obtained a male in the Sierra del Carmen at El Jardín. The size of the +testes (3.5 mm.) of No. 31058 suggests breeding by the Black-eared +Bushtit 37 mi. S and 21 mi. E Boquillas. + +**_Psaltriparus melanotis iulus_ Jouy.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] 31659 from the north slope of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 7 mi. +W General Cepeda), 7000 ft., April 20, 1953; and [Female] 31658 from +the north slope of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General +Cepeda), 6700 ft., April 15, 1953. + +Typical representatives of this Black-eared Bushtit are present in the +southeastern sector of Coahuila. The backs of Nos. 31658-31659 differ +slightly in color from the backs of typical representatives of +_lloydi_. I suspect that the specimens from the Sierra Guadalupe are +intergrades between _lloydi_ and _iulus_. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:197) took two males and two females of +_Psaltriparus melanotis iulus_ (they called their specimens +_Psaltriparus minimus iulus_) at Saltillo and stated that their +specimens tended to approach _lloydi_ rather than being typical +_iulus_. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:36) recorded _P. m. iulus_ only at +Diamante Pass where they took two specimens. + +*_Sitta carolinensis nelsoni_ Mearns.--Miller (1955a:169) reported that +this subspecies of the White-breasted Nuthatch breeds and was common in +the oaks and open conifers from 6500 to 8000 feet in the Sierra del +Carmen and stated also that the populations of the White-breasted +Nuthatch in "the Chisos Mountains [of Texas] and the Sierra del Carmen +seem best regarded as a stage in the cline of which _nelsoni_ and +_mexicana_ are end points, although falling closer to _nelsoni_." + +*_Sitta carolinensis mexicana_ Nelson and Palmer.--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Male] 31669 and [Female] 31670 from the Cañon d. +Meco, Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S General Cepeda), 6500 ft., April 23, +1953, weights, 17, 18 gms. + +Typical populations of this White-breasted Nuthatch occur in southern +Coahuila. Ridgway (1904:449) listed _S. c. mexicana_ from Sierra +Guadalupe in southern Coahuila. The underparts of our specimens are +darker than in _nelsoni_, and their bills (culmen, 15, 13 mm.) are +shorter than the average ([Male], 19.8 mm.; [Female], 18.6 mm. +[Ridgway, 1904:447]) in _nelsoni_. The large size of the testes (5×3 +mm.) of No. 31669 suggests breeding by _S. c. mexicana_ in Sierra +Guadalupe. + +*_Sitta pygmaea melanotis_ van Rossem.--In Coahuila the Pigmy Nuthatch +seems to be locally common. Miller (1955a:169) reported it so between +7500 and 8000 feet in pine-oak on the mesa tops and in the heads of +canyons of the Sierra del Carmen and noted that it breeds there. Hardy +saw the Pigmy Nuthatch 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas on July 6, +1955. + +_Certhia familiaris americana_ Bonaparte.--_Specimens examined:_ total +2: [Female] 31612 from the base of Don Martín Dam, November 27, 1953, +skull partially unossified; and [Female] 31587 from 20 mi. S Ocampo, +6500 ft., April 5, 1954, weight, 7 gms. + +This subspecies of the Brown Creeper can be considered a sparse winter +visitant to Coahuila. Van Hoose (1955:302) reported that Nos. 31612 and +31587 constitute the southernmost records of _C. f. americana_ and +represent the first records of occurrence of _americana_ in México. + +_Certhia familiaris montana_ Ridgway.--Miller (1955a:169) reported this +subspecies of the Brown Creeper, which he assumed to be a winter +visitant or a migrant, in the Sierra del Carmen. He (_loc. cit._) +remarked also that the higher conifers would seem to constitute +favorable habitat for nesting by the Brown Creeper, but did not find +any evidence of a breeding population of creepers in the Sierra del +Carmen. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:143) reported _C. +f. montana_ from San Lázaro Mountain on November 9. + +**_Certhia familiaris albescens_ Berlepsch.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: sex ? 32805 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, July 7, +1955; [Male] [Male] 31610-31611 from 3 mi. S, 13 mi. E San Antonio de +las Alazanas, 8900 ft., January 12, 1954. + +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:143) reported _C. f. +albescens_ from "southern Coahuila." Nos. 31610-31611 and 32805 +represent the only other records of this subspecies from the State. The +date (July 7) on which No. 32805 was obtained suggests that this bird +was a resident 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas. + +_Troglodytes aedon parkmanii_ Audubon.--_Specimen examined:_ one, sex ? +29556, from 1.5 mi. N Parras, 5500 ft., November 10, 1949, weight, 9.8 +gms. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:197) recorded the House Wren "in small +numbers about Saltillo where occasional birds, presumably migrants, +were noted in thickets or stretches of underbrush fringing cultivated +fields." They obtained a single male "on the outskirts of Saltillo." +Hellmayr (1934:218) listed _T. a. parkmanii_ from Sabinas. + +*_Troglodytes brunneicollis cahooni_ Brewster.--Typical representatives +of this subspecies of the Brown-throated Wren occur in northern +Coahuila. In the Sierra del Carmen, Miller (1955a:170) found _T. b. +cahooni_ that in no way suggested _compositus_ of the Sierra Madre +Oriental. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:198) recorded a _cahooni_-like +specimen from Diamante Pass in southern Coahuila. + +**_Troglodytes brunneicollis compositus_ Griscom.--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Male] 32819, from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, July 6, +1955. + +The subspecies _cahooni_ and _compositus_ of the Brown-throated Wren +seem to intergrade in the southern part of the State. Although No. +32819 represents the subspecies _compositus_, the somewhat whitish +abdomen and the fairly large spots of the lesser wing coverts suggest +some relationship with _cahooni_. In addition to the present record, +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:163) recorded _T. b. +compositus_ from southern Coahuila at Sierra Guadalupe. The record of +_T. b. cahooni_ from Sierra Guadalupe (Ridgway, 1904:588) I suspect +probably represents _T. b. compositus_ or an intergrade between +_compositus_ and _cahooni_. The date (July 6) on which No. 32819 was +obtained 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas suggests that this bird +was resident there. + +*_Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus_ Oberholser.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Male] 32088 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; +[Female] 31061 from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 24, +1952, weight, 10.8 gms.; and [Male] 31660 from the north foot of Sierra +Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6500 ft., April 21, +1953, weight, 13 gms. + +Bewick's Wren occurs commonly in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:160) reported that, in Coahuila, _T. b. eremophilus_ +"intergrades in the eastern and southern sections with _T. b. cryptus_ +and _T. b. murinus_, respectively." The slightly darker coloration of +No. 31660, suggesting a resemblance to _T. b. murinus_, is the only +evidence of intergradation of _T. b. murinus_ and _eremophilus_ that I +have found. + +Miller (1955a:170) stated that _T. b. eremophilus_ was "common in the +piedmont area on yucca-dotted slopes and along the lower canyon walls +in growth of piñon, yucca, and cactus" in the Sierra del Carmen, and +reported breeding there. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:198) remarked that +_T. b. eremophilus_ "proved without question to be the most widely +distributed and abundant wren" in the Saltillo region. The series that +Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) assembled "proved to be uniform and +clearly referable to" _T. b. eremophilus_. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:36) noted _Thryomanes bewickii_ at San Pedro on January 29 and +30. Hardy saw a male _T. b. eremophilus_ at Parras on July 4, 1955. +Ridgway (1904:557) listed _T. b. eremophilus_ from Saltillo in April +and as breeding at Sabinas. + +The sizes of the testes (8 mm.; 6×4 mm.) of Nos. 32088 and 31660, +respectively, suggest breeding 2 mi. W Jiménez and Sierra Guadalupe. + +**_Thryomanes bewickii cryptus_ Oberholser.--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:161) recorded _T. b. cryptus_ from Saltillo. + +*_Thryothorus ludovicianus berlandieri_ Baird.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Male] 32086 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June +19, 1952; sex ? 32087 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, June 20, 1952; and [Female] +31063 from 8 mi. N, 4 mi. W Múzquiz, 1800 ft., April 1, 1952, weight, +18.3 gms. + +One subspecies of the Carolina Wren, _berlandieri_, occurs in Coahuila +in the northeastern section of the State. Ridgway (1904:547) recorded +_T. l. berlandieri_ from Sabinas. The fact that No. 32086 was a +juvenile suggests that the Carolina Wren breeds 12 mi. N and 12 mi. W +Jiménez. + +*_Campylorhynchus brunneicapillum couesi_ Sharpe.--_Specimens +examined:_ total 6: [Male] 29429 from Cañon del Cochino (=16 mi. N, 21 +mi. E Piedra Blanca), 3200 ft., April 6, 1950; [Male] 31064 from 7 mi. +S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, 800 ft., February 29, 1952, weight, 38.1 gms.; +[Female] 31066 (skeleton only) from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 +ft., March 5, 1952; [Male] 31637 from La Gacha (=La Concha), December +1, 1953, weight, 40 gms.; [Male] 31638 from 18 mi. S Ocampo, December +16, 1953; and sex ? 29557 from 7 mi. S, 1 mi. E Gómez Farías, 6500 ft., +November 18, 1949, weight, 41 gms. + +This subspecies of the Cactus Wren occurs throughout Coahuila except in +the extreme southeastern section of the State, where the subspecies _C. +b. guttatus_ occurs. Miller (1955a:169) found _C. b. couesi_ breeding +and occupying the open swales and mesas at the base of the mountains of +the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:198) found _C. +brunneicapillum_ "to be rather scarce and decidedly local in its +distribution" and observed an occasional bird "in the open desert +country west of Saltillo." Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:151) recorded _C. b. couesi_ "south to [the] vicinity of +Monclova." + +No. 29557 does not have any characters of _C. b. guttatus_; its under +tail coverts and flanks have roundish black spots, rather than black +bars as in _C. b. guttatus_. + +**_Campylorhynchus brunneicapillum guttatus_ (Gould).--This subspecies +of Cactus Wren seems to occupy the extreme southeastern section of +Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:152) recorded _C. +b. guttatus_ from Hipólito. + +_Telmatodytes palustris plesius_ (Oberholser).--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:148) reported this subspecies of the +Long-billed Marsh Wren from 8 mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas. + +*_Catherpes mexicanus albifrons_ (Giraud).--Miller (1955a:170) found +this subspecies of Cañon Wren "in shaded rocky canyons and on larger +cliff slopes at the base of the mountains from 4700 to 5300 feet" in +the Sierra del Carmen where it nested. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:198) +noted that the Cañon Wren was "decidedly uncommon" at Saltillo and +obtained a male at the Chorro de Agua on April 19. Ridgway (1904:657) +listed _C. m. albifrons_ from Patos. + +*_Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus_ (Say).--_Specimens examined:_ total +4: [Female] 31067 from 1 mi. N Boquillas, 700 ft., March 6, 1952, +weight, 16.1 gms.; [Female] 31068 from 7 mi. S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, 800 +ft., March 1, 1952, weight, 18.2 gms.; sex ? 29558 from 12 mi. N, 10 +mi. E Parras, 5000 ft., November 11, 1949, weight, 16.9 gms.; and +[Male] 32089 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión 7200 ft., June 24, 1952. + +The Rock Wren is common in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:170) found _S. o. +obsoletus_ "only in the rocky piedmont and on lower bare canyon faces" +and stated that Marsh took a bird in fresh fall plumage on September 6 +at El Jardín. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:37) found the Rock Wren "near +San Pedro." Burleigh and Lowery (1942:198) wrote that the subspecies +_obsoletus_ was "characteristically a bird of the arroyos of the arid +plateau about Saltillo, where it was fairly common...." The large size +of the testes (5×3 mm.) of No. 32089 and the date (June 24) on which it +was obtained suggest breeding by the Rock Wren 7 mi. S and 4 mi. E +Bella Unión. + +*_Mimus polyglottos leucopterus_ (Vigors).--_Specimens examined:_ total +5: [Female] 31070 from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 5, +1952, weight, 55.1 gms.; [Male] [Male] 32094-32095 from 2 mi. W +Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; [Male] 32096 from 5 mi. N, 19 mi. W +Cuatro Ciénegas, 3250 ft., July 5, 1952; and [Male] 33186 (skeleton +only) from Parras, July 5, 1955, testes, 6×3 mm. + +The Mockingbird is sparsely distributed throughout Coahuila. Miller +(1955a:170) found _M. p. leucopterus_ in the mesquite and catclaw at +the base of the mountains in the Sierra del Carmen. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:37) reported _M. p. leucopterus_ from Diamante Pass. Amadon and +Phillips (1947:578) found a young Mockingbird out of the nest begging +for food from an adult on August 18 at Las Delicias. Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:199) found the Mockingbird on the arid plateau "about +Saltillo." Hellmayr (1934:308) listed _M. p. leucopterus_ from Jaral. +Findley saw Mockingbirds 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on +June 22, 1952. Dickerman saw Mockingbirds in the Sierra del Pino on May +12, 1954, and 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S Americanos on May 18, 1954. The sizes +of the testes (8, 7 mm.) of Nos. 32094 and 32096, respectively, suggest +breeding 2 mi. W Jiménez and 5 mi. N and 19 mi. W Cuatro Ciénegas, as +does No. 32095, a juvenile. + +*_Toxostoma longirostre sennetti_ (Ridgway).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 32090, from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, June 22, 1952. + +In Coahuila the Long-billed Thrasher seems to be uncommon. It has been +recorded in Coahuila as far west as San Juan de Sabinas. Ridgway +(1907:192) recorded _T. l. sennetti_ from Sabinas, the only other +record of the Long-billed Thrasher, to my knowledge, from the State. +The large size of the testes (11×6 mm.) of No. 32090 and the date (June +22) on which it was obtained suggest that _T. l. sennetti_ breeds 2 mi. +S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas. + +*_Toxostoma curvirostre celsum_ Moore.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Female] 31071 from 7 mi. S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, March 1, 1952, wing, +111 mm., tail, 114 mm., weight, 97.2 gms.; and [Female] 31072 (skeleton +only) from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 5, 1952. + +This subspecies of the Curve-billed Thrasher occurs in northwestern +Coahuila. Specimens of _T. c. celsum_ and _oberholseri_ from Coahuila +are too few to show clearly the distribution and intergradation in +Coahuila. + +No. 31071 is referred to _T. c. celsum_ because of large size; the +spots on its upper abdomen, which are large and pronounced, suggest a +relationship with _T. c. oberholseri_. Miller (1955a:170) remarked that +_T. c. celsum_ was a scarce resident of the desert scrub at the mouth +of Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen. + +*_Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri_ Law.--_Specimens examined:_ total +5: [Female] 35405 (skeleton only) from 4 mi. N San Isidro, May 11, +1954; [Female] 32091 from 5 mi. N, 19 mi. W Cuatro Ciénegas, 3250 ft., +July 5, 1952; [Male] 32833 from Parras, July 4, 1955, weight, 76.5 +gms.; [Female] 32092 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June +25, 1952; and [Male] 31614 from 16 mi. W San Antonio de las Alazanas, +6500 ft., January 7, 1954, weight, 90 gms. + +This subspecies of the Curve-billed Thrasher occurs in eastern and +southern Coahuila. Amadon and Phillips (1947:578) took a Curve-billed +Thrasher twenty miles west of Saltillo that had an enlarged ovary and a +brood patch still somewhat evident on August 27. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:199) stated that _T. c. oberholseri_ "was rather widely and +commonly distributed, being noted from the area about the summit of +Diamante Pass at 7,800 feet down to the desert country about Saltillo." +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:177) recorded _T. c. +oberholseri_ from Sabinas, from 8 mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas, and from El +Diamante. Hellmayr (1934:298) also recorded _T. c. oberholseri_ from +Sabinas, as did Ridgway (1907:199) under the name _T. c. curvirostre_ +before the subspecies _oberholseri_ was named. The female from 4 mi. N +San Isidro had an egg in its oviduct. The immature male (32833), the +large size of ovum (8 mm.) of No. 32092, and the presence of a brood +patch on No. 32091 also are evidences of breeding by the Curve-billed +Thrasher in Coahuila. + +*_Toxostoma dorsale dorsale_ Henry.--The Crissal Thrasher is uncommon +in Coahuila. The subspecies _dorsale_ occurs in northern Coahuila. +Miller (1955a:170-171) found the subspecies _dorsale_, at about 4700 +feet, only in the mesquite, desert willow, and walnut scrub along the +wash of Boquillas Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen and remarked also +that the bird nested there. + +**_Toxostoma dorsale dumosum_ Moore.--_Specimen examined:_ one, sex ? +29559, from 8 mi. N La Ventura, 6000 ft., November 17, 1949, weight, +57.0 gms. + +The subspecies _dumosum_ of the Crissal Thrasher in Coahuila has been +reported only from the southeastern section of the State. Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:199-200) found _T. d. dumosum_ "not uncommon in the lower +foot-hills outside of Saltillo as well as on the summit of Diamante +Pass." The specimen of _T. d. dorsale_ from Diamante Pass reported by +Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:37) is closer, according to Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:199), to _T. d. dumosum_. No. 29559 is darker above and +below than typical specimens of _T. d. dorsale_ and represents _T. d. +dumosum_. + +_Oreoscoptes montanus_ (Townsend).--_Specimen examined:_ one, sex ? +30237, from 1 mi. SW San Pedro de las Colonias, 3700 ft., February 8, +1951. + +The Sage Thrasher seems to be a winter visitant to Coahuila. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:173) recorded the species in +November from 8 mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas. + +*_Turdus migratorius propinquus_ Ridgway.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31073 (skeleton only) from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 +ft., March 24, 1952. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:200) stated that "the Robin apparently breeds +rather sparingly on the higher ridges" in southeastern Coahuila. They +collected a pair "in the open pine woods just below the summit of +Diamante Pass" on April 15 and noted another at the Chorro del Agua on +April 19. + +**_Ridgwayia pinicola_ (Sclater).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +31619, from 5 mi. W, 22 mi. S Ocampo, 6000 ft., December 15, 1953, +weight, 88 gms. + +The Aztec Thrush is rare in Coahuila. Van Hoose (1955:302) remarked +that No. 31619, the skull of which was incompletely ossified, +"represents the northernmost record for this species, which was +previously unknown in Coahuila." + +_Hylocichla guttata guttata_ (Pallas).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] [Male] 31074-31075 from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., +March 25 and 26, 1952, weights, 25, 21 gms. + +The Hermit Thrush is a common migrant or winter visitant in Coahuila. +_H. g. guttata_ has been reported from northern Coahuila. Miller +(1955a:171) observed _H. g. guttata_ (and _H. g. auduboni_) in the +Douglas fir and pine-oak belts and in the lower levels in the oaks at +the foot of the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:200) noted +_H. g. guttata_ "in small numbers in the open woods surrounding the +summit of Diamante Pass, and at infrequent intervals in the arroyos on +the arid plateau near Saltillo." + +_Hylocichla guttata sequoiensis_ (Belding).--Ridgway (1907:45) recorded +this subspecies of Hermit Thrush from Sierra Guadalupe in April. +However, Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:188) suggest that +the material on which this identification was based needs +redetermination. + +_Hylocichla guttata auduboni_ (Baird).--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Female] 31488 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May +12, 1954, weight, 25 gms.; [Female] 31076 (skeleton only) from Fortín +(=33 mi. N, 1 mi. E San Gerónimo), 3300 ft., March 28, 1952; and +[Female] 31077 (skeleton only) from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., +April 4, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:171) found this subspecies of Hermit Thrush wintering +with _H. g. guttata_ in the Sierra del Carmen. Hellmayr (1934:456) +listed _H. g. auduboni_ from Sabinas. + +**_Sialia sialis fulva_ Brewster.--Hellmayr (1934:479) listed this +subspecies of the Eastern Bluebird from Sabinas. + +*_Sialia mexicana mexicana_ Swainson.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:199) remarked that the subspecies _mexicana_ of the Western +Bluebird breeds in the southern mountains of Coahuila where, at El +Diamante, on July 7, a specimen (or specimens ?) in breeding condition +was obtained. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:200) found _S. m. mexicana_ +"well distributed in the open woods about" Diamante Pass, but at no +time below an elevation of approximately 6500 feet. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:38) also saw "several brown-backed" Western Bluebirds at +Diamante Pass on March 6. Ridgway (1907:150) recorded _S. m. mexicana_ +from Saltillo, Carneros, and Sierra Guadalupe. + +_Sialia currucoides_ (Bechstein).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] +31078, from Sierra de la Encantada (=38 mi. S, 23 mi. E Boquillas), +4400 ft., March 14, 1952, weight, 23.7 gms. + +The Mountain Bluebird is a winter visitant to Coahuila. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:200) recorded _Sialia currucoides_ +from Hipólito on February 24. + +**_Myadestes townsendi townsendi_ (Audubon).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31079, from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., April 4, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:171) detected Townsend's Solitaire in clumps of large +pines in two different locations at 7000 and 7500 feet on April 4, 6, +and 8 in the Sierra del Carmen. He did not find a breeding population +of _M. t. townsendi_, but did note favorable habitat for breeding. +Ridgway (1907:164) recorded _M. townsendi_ from the Sierra Guadalupe on +April 21. Dickerman saw a Townsend's Solitaire in the Sierra de la +Madera on December 13, 1953. + +The underparts of No. 31079 are not uniformly dark, being paler on the +chin, throat, and abdomen than elsewhere as is true of typical +representatives of _M. t. townsendi_. + +**_Polioptila caerulea caerulea_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 32097, from 2 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nava, June 15, 1952. + +No. 32097 is the first record of occurrence of this subspecies of +Blue-gray Gnatcatcher in the State. The white of the underparts of No. +32097 is less grayish than the underparts of typical representatives of +_P. c. amoenissima_, and the black at the base of the inner webs of the +outermost rectrix does not extend beyond the tip of the under tail +coverts. Representatives of _P. c. amoenissima_ have black at the base +of the inner web of the outermost rectrix more extended, usually +showing beyond the tip of the under tail coverts. The size of the +testes (3×2 mm.) of No. 32097 does not suggest breeding, but the date +(June 15) indicates that it was a resident. + +*_Polioptila caerulea amoenissima_ Grinnell.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31080, from 7 mi. S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, 800 ft., February 29, +1952, weight, 5.4 gms. + +This subspecies of the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher breeds in Coahuila and +occurs throughout all of the State except the northeastern section. +Miller (1955a:171) remarked that "this gnatcatcher was apparently +established on summer territories in the oaks and walnuts of the wash +of Boquillas Canyon at the foot of the mountains" of the Sierra del +Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:200) noted "this species only in the +open woods at the summit of Diamante Pass, where, however, it was not +uncommon." Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:201) recorded +_P. c. amoenissima_ breeding at El Diamante on July 8. + +*_Polioptila melanura melanura_ Lawrence.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31081, from 7 mi. S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, 800 ft., March 1, 1952, +weight, 5.6 gms. + +In Coahuila this subspecies of the Black-tailed Gnatcatcher has been +recorded from several localities. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:200) found +that it "was limited in its distribution to the lower altitudes and was +noted only in the open desert country west of Saltillo." Sutton and +Burleigh (1939a:38) noted it "several times near San Pedro" where on +January 29 one female was taken. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:205) recorded _P. m. melanura_ at Hipólito on June 30 to July 2 +in breeding condition. + +_Regulus satrapa satrapa_ Lichtenstein.--Miller (1955a:171) found a +small wintering flock of Golden-crowned Kinglets in the Sierra del +Carmen; this is the only record of the species in Coahuila. + +_Regulus calendula calendula_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ total +5: [Female] 31085 from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., +Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 19, 1952, weight, 6.3 gms.; [Male] +[Male] 31082-31083 from 1 mi. N Boquillas, 700 ft., March 8, 1952, +weight, 7.2, 6.5 gms.; [Male] 31084 from Sierra de la Encantada (=38 +mi. S, 23 mi. E Boquillas), 4400 ft., March 15, 1954, weight, 5.4 gms.; +and [Male] 31661 from the north slope of Sierra Guadalupe (=11 mi. S, 7 +mi. W General Cepeda), 7800 ft., April 20, 1953, weight, 5 gms. + +In Coahuila this subspecies of the Ruby-crowned Kinglet is a common +migrant. Miller (1955a:171) found it (and _R. c. cineraceus_) "common +in the conifers and oaks of the upper levels of the mountains [Sierra +del Carmen], at 6500 to 7000 feet, as winter visitants or migrants." +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:201) took specimens of _R. c. calendula_ at +Diamante Pass on April 15, at the Chorro del Agua on April 19, and at +20 mi. W Saltillo on April 22. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:38) noted the +Ruby-crowned Kinglet "in the arid parts of southern Coahuila." Hellmayr +(1934:513) listed _R. c. calendula_ from Sabinas. Dickerman saw +Ruby-crowned Kinglets in the Sierra de la Madera on December 13, 1953, +20 mi. S Ocampo on April 4, 1954, and 3 mi. S and 13 mi. E San Antonio +de las Alazanas on January 12, 1954. + +_Regulus calendula cineraceus_ Grinnell.--Miller (1955a:171) found _R. +c. cineraceus_ common in the Sierra del Carmen; on April 3, 5, and 10 +the birds were "abundant, as though a wave of migrants were passing +through." + +_Anthus spinoletta rubescens_ (Tunstall).--_Specimens examined:_ Total +3: [Male] [Male] 31086-31087 and sex ? 31088 from 1 mi. N Boquillas, +700 ft., March 6, 7, and 8, 1952, weights, 19.3, 19.9, and 16.6 gms. + +This subspecies of the Water Pipit is an uncommon winter visitant or +migrant in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:201) found "a flock of +ten birds ... on the outskirts of Saltillo" on April 18. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:210) recorded _A. s. rubescens_ +from Cuatro Ciénegas in November and from Hipólito in February. + +_Anthus spinoletta pacificus_ Todd.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:209) recorded this Water Pipit from Cuatro Ciénegas in +February and from Hipólito in November. + +_Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot.--The Cedar Waxwing is an uncommon +winter visitant to Coahuila. Miller (1955a:171) recorded a flock in the +Sierra del Carmen on April 5, and another flock on April 21. Burleigh +and Lowery (1942:201) saw two small flocks on April 15 "in the open +woods just below the summit of Diamante Pass." + +*_Phainopepla nitens nitens_ Swainson.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31674, from the west foot of Pico de Jimulco, 5000 ft., April 3, +1953, weight, 35 gms. + +The Phainopepla occurs throughout most of Coahuila. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:39) reported _P. n. nitens_ from Diamante Pass on March 6. On +April 15 and 17 Burleigh and Lowery (1942:201) saw scattered pairs of +the Phainopepla "only in the open woods surrounding Diamante Pass." +Miller (1955a:171) noted _P. n. nitens_ "on April 20 and 28 in large +clumps of mesquite near Piedra Blanca, at about 4500 feet, on the +foothills" of the Sierra del Carmen. Dickerman saw a Phainopepla 20 mi. +S Ocampo on April 4, 1954. Baird (1858:320) listed a male _P. n. +nitens_ from Coahuila, México. Hellmayr (1935:107) remarked that +_Phainopepla nitens_ was listed from Coahuila by "Salvin and Godman, +Biol. Centr.--Amer., Aves, 1, p. 220, 1883...." Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:213) stated that _P. n. nitens_ breeds at El +Diamante. The long wing (100 mm.) and long tail (96 mm.) of No. 31674 +is typical for _P. n. nitens_. + +_Phainopepla nitens lepida_ Van Tyne.--Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:39) +recorded _P. n. lepida_ from Diamante Pass on March 6; Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:213) suggest that this individual +was a vagrant. + +_Lanius ludovicianus migrans_ Palmer.--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:202) +obtained this subspecies of Loggerhead Shrike "on the outskirts of +Saltillo on April 20." The specimen shows evidence of intergradation +with _excubitorides_. + +**_Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides_ Swainson.--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:216) recorded _L. l. excubitorides_ from +Sabinas and from Hipólito (November 2 to February 24). + +*_Lanius ludovicianus mexicanas_ Brehm.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: +sex ? 31089 from 7 mi. S, 2 mi. E Boquillas, 800 ft., February 29, +1952, weight, 45.1 gms.; [Female] 31090 from 36 mi. S, 15 mi. E +Boquillas, 2550 ft., March 12, 1952; sex ? 30233 from 1 mi. N San +Lorenzo, 4200 ft., February 5, 1951; and [Female] 32098 from 7 mi. S, 4 +mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952. + +Miller (1931:66) suggested that _L. l. mexicanus_ and _L. l. +excubitorides_ intergrade in Coahuila; all of the specimens of +Loggerhead Shrike from Coahuila that I have examined are intergrades +between _mexicanus_ and _excubitorides_. Our four specimens have a +superciliary line that is indistinct and the black mask of each extends +somewhat posterior to the auricular region. The anterior part of their +forehead is somewhat lighter than the remaining part of their head and +back. + +Miller (1955a:171) detected _L. l. mexicanus_ only once in catclaw +scrub in the lower part of Boquillas wash at about 4600 feet in the +Sierra del Carmen. He (_loc. cit._) remarked that his individual may +best be considered an intergrade between _mexicanus_ and +_excubitorides_, being "somewhat closer to the former." Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:201) obtained a male _L. l. mexicanus_ "in the open valley +just below the summit of Diamante Pass on April 23" that was typical of +this subspecies. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:201-202) suggested that _L. +l. mexicanus_ breeds in southeastern Coahuila. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:39) took a typical representative _L. l. mexicanus_ at Mayran on +January 30. + +_Lanius ludovicianus gambeli_ Ridgway.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:214) recorded this subspecies from Hipólito on November 6. + +*_Vireo atricapilla_ Woodhouse.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: sex ? +32099-32100 from Sierra del Pino (=6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Acebuches), 5250 +ft., July 3, 1952; and [Male] [Male] 31493-31494 from 16 mi. E, 18 mi. +N Ocampo, May 8 and 9, 1954, enlarged testes. + +The Black-capped Vireo seems to breed as far south as central Coahuila. +Miller (1955a:171-172) reported this vireo as a summer resident in "the +low catclaw-dominated scrub in the lower washes of Boquillas Canyon and +its side valleys, at 4600 to 4800 feet" in the Sierra del Carmen. +Dickerman found the Black-capped Vireo common on the dry scrub and oak +hillside habitat 16 mi. E and 18 mi. N Ocampo. + +_Vireo griseus noveboracensis_ (Gmelin).--Ridgway (1904:184) recorded +this subspecies of the White-eyed Vireo "west to Sabinas." Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:220) also recorded _V. g. +noveboracensis_ from Sabinas on May 25. I suspect that the specimen of +_V. g. noveboracensis_ from Sabinas that was taken on May 25 was a +vagrant. _V. g. noveboracensis_ may occur in Coahuila as a migrant or +winter visitant; however, I do not believe that representatives of +_noveboracensis_ normally are resident in Coahuila. + +*_Vireo griseus micrus_ Nelson.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +32101, from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952, measurements: +wing, 58 mm.; tail, 43.5 mm.; culmen, 10 mm.; tarsus, 19 mm. + +This subspecies of the White-eyed Vireo breeds in Coahuila. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:221) recorded _V. g. micrus_ from +Sabinas on March 9 and May 14. The enlarged testes (5×3 mm.) of No. +32101 and the date (June 20) on which it was obtained suggest breeding +in Coahuila. + +_Vireo huttoni stephensi_ Brewster.--This subspecies of Hutton's Vireo +occurs in southeastern Coahuila as a migrant. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:39) found _V. h. stephensi_ fairly common at Diamante Pass on +March 6. Ridgway (1904:198) recorded _V. h. stephensi_ from Sierra +Guadalupe in April. + +*_Vireo huttoni carolinae_ Brandt.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Male] 31588 from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6500 ft., April 5, 1954, weight, 11 +gms.; [Female] 32851 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, July 6, +1955, weight, 14.2 gms.; and [Female] 32102 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella +Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952. + +To my knowledge, _V. h. carolinae_ is the only resident subspecies of +Hutton's Vireo in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:202) found _V. h. +carolinae_ in rather limited numbers in the woods bordering the summit +of Diamante Pass. Miller (1955a:172) remarked that the subspecies +_carolinae_ was a common bird from 6500 feet to 8000 feet in the Sierra +del Carmen. Miller (_loc. cit._) took a female on April 12 that was +nearly ready to lay and said that his specimens of _carolinae_ from the +Sierra del Carmen seem to be separate from _V. h. stephensi_ and _V. h. +mexicanus_. Our specimens showed no overlapping of characters with _V. +h. stephensi_ and _V. h. mexicanus_. The size of the largest ovum (2 +mm.) of No. 32102 and the dates (June 25, and July 6) on which Nos. +32102 and 32851 were obtained suggest that _V. h. carolinae_ is a +resident in Coahuila. + +*_Vireo bellii medius_ Oberholser.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +31495, from San Marcos, May 5, 1954, measurements: wing, 56 mm.; tail, +48 mm.; culmen, 9.5 mm.; tarsus, 18 mm. + +Although Bell's Vireo seems to have been observed uncommonly in +Coahuila, this species does breed in the State. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:202) obtained a single female _V. b. medius_ on April 20 "in an +arroyo east of Saltillo" and found this subspecies "not uncommon in the +open desert twenty miles west of Saltillo, where three singing males +were secured." Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:226) +recorded _V. b. medius_ in breeding condition at Hipólito from June 30 +to July 3. Ridgway (1904:207) recorded the subspecies from Monclova. +Hardy saw a Bell's Vireo at Parras on July 4, 1955. The size of No. +31495 is typical for _V. b. medius_. + +*_Vireo flavifrons_ Vieillot.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 32103, +from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952. + +Van Hoose (1955:302-303) suggested that the occurrence of No. 32103 in +Coahuila is evidence of a southward extension of the range of the +Yellow-throated Vireo within the last generation. The size of the +testes (5×3 mm.) of No. 32103 and the date (June 20) on which it was +obtained suggest breeding by _Vireo flavifrons_ in Coahuila. + +_Vireo solitarius solitarius_ (Wilson).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31640, from 9 mi. E Hermanas (=Canyon de Parajos in the Sierra +de Parajos Azule), 2100 ft., December 7, 1953. + +This subspecies of the Solitary Vireo is an uncommon migrant or winter +visitant to Coahuila. Dickerman obtained No. 31540, whose skull was +unossified and whose ovary was small, in an oak and palm habitat. The +bright yellow flanks, large and yellow wing bars, and the uniform olive +green back indicate that this specimen is a typical representative of +_V. s. solitarius_. This subspecies was previously unrecorded in +Coahuila. + +_Vireo solitarius cassinii_ Xantus.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Female] 35408 (skeleton only) from 5 mi. W, 3 mi. S Acebuches, 6200 +ft., May 12, 1954; and [Male] 31589 from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 6200 ft., +April 4, 1954, measurements: wing, 75 mm.; tail, 57 mm.; culmen, 10.5 +mm.; weight, 14 gms. + +This subspecies of the Solitary Vireo seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. +No. 31589 provides the first record of _V. s. cassinii_ in Coahuila. +Van Hoose has (1955:303) erroneously reported that Dickerman obtained +No. 31589 on July 4, 1954; the correct date is April 4, 1954. + +Although the size of No. 31589 is large for _V. s. cassinii_, the color +(sides and flanks with less yellow, more olive; narrow white wing bars) +resembles that of typical representatives of _cassinii_. The testes of +No. 31589 were not enlarged. Dickerman suggested that the female from 5 +mi. W and 3 mi. S Acebuches showed some resemblance to _V. s. +plumbeus_. This is not to be unexpected since the subspecies _plumbeus_ +has been reported from the Chisos Mountains of Texas (Van Tyne and +Sutton, 1937:82) and from northern Chihuahua (Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore, 1957:227). + +*_Vireo olivaceus_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 32104, +from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952. + +The Red-eyed Vireo has been uncommonly reported from eastern Coahuila. +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:229) recorded _V. +olivaceus_ from Sabinas on May 22 and from Las Vacas Creek on June 7 as +late spring migrants. Hellmayr (1935:131) listed the Red-eyed Vireo +from northern Coahuila. Findley saw a Red-eyed Vireo 2 mi. W Jiménez on +June 19, 1952. The size of the testes (5×3 mm.) of No. 32104 and the +date (June 19) on which it was obtained indicate that the Red-eyed +Vireo possibly breeds in northeastern Coahuila; if so, this is the +first breeding record of the Red-eyed Vireo in Coahuila. + +_Vireo gilvus gilvus_ (Vieillot).--This subspecies of the Warbling +Vireo is an uncommon migrant in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:232) recorded _V. g. gilvus_ from 12 mi. W Saltillo on +September 28. + +_Mniotilta varia_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31662, +from the north slope of Sierra Guadalupe (=11 mi. S, 7 mi. W General +Cepeda), 7800 ft., April 20, 1953, weight, 10 gms., testes not +enlarged. + +The Black and White Warbler is an uncommon visitant or migrant in +Coahuila. Miller (1955a:172) remarked that Marsh took a fall migrant on +September 1 in Chuperosa Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen. Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:202) secured a female Black and White Warbler "in an +orchard on the outskirts of Saltillo" on April 20 and a male "near the +top of Diamante Pass on April 23." + +_Vermivora celata celata_ (Say).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: sex ? +31091 from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., Texas, in +Coahuila), 600 ft., March 19, 1952, measurements: wing, 57 mm.; tail, +47 mm.; weight, 7.7 gms.; and [Male] 31092 from 4 mi. W Hacienda La +Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 25, 1952, measurements: wing, 62 mm.; tail, +48 mm.; weight, 9.2 gms. + +This subspecies of the Orange-crowned Warbler is an uncommon migrant in +Coahuila. In Brewster County, Texas, Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:83) +found _V. c. celata_ "not common as a spring transient." Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:239) recorded _V. c. celata_ from +Coahuila. The quality of the pale yellow color and the sizes of Nos. +31091-31092 suggest that they are representatives of _V. c. celata_. + +_Vermivora celata orestera_ Oberholser.--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:202) +found _V. c. orestera_ "only on infrequent occasions ... in the open +woods surrounding the summit of Diamante Pass" where they obtained one +specimen. + +_Vermivora virginiae_ (Baird).--Miller (1955a:172) took a male +Virginia's Warbler in Boquillas Canyon in the Sierra del Carmen "in +scattered scrubby oak growth with grass and cactus beneath." This +species in the Sierra del Carmen is considered "casual" by Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:241). + +**_Vermivora crissalis_ (Salvin and Godman).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31590, from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 7000 ft., April 5, 1954, weight, 10 +gms. + +The Colima Warbler is common locally in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:203) found this species fairly common on the steep, rugged slopes +above the summit of Diamante Pass and saw none below an elevation of +approximately 7500 feet. Bangs (1925:251) stated that Nelson and +Goldman secured a specimen of the Colima Warbler at Sierra Guadalupe on +April 25. + +*_Vermivora superciliosa mexicana_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Male] 31591, from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9350 ft., +April 10, 1954. + +Hartlaub's Warbler is uncommon in Coahuila and seems to occur only in +the southeastern section of the State; No. 31591 is the first record of +the species in Coahuila. The size of the testes (5×2 mm.) of No. 31591 +and the fact that the bird was singing when first seen suggest the +possibility that _V. s. mexicana_ breeds in southeastern Coahuila. +Breeding there is not unexpected because the species has been found +breeding in Nuevo León (Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, +1957:242). + +_Parula americana_ (Linnaeus).--Miller (1955a:172) obtained a migrant +Parula Warbler in an oak grove at 7000 feet on April 16 in the Sierra +del Carmen, and remarked that it was "apparently the first record of +this species in Coahuila." + +*_Parula pitiayumi nigrilora_ Coues.--The AOU Check-list Committee +(1957:486) recorded this subspecies of the Olive-backed Warbler as a +resident at Sabinas. + +*_Peucedramus taeniatus arizonae_ Miller and Griscom.--This subspecies +of the Olive Warbler is locally common in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:172) +found _P. t. arizonae_ common in the pine timber above 6800 feet in the +Sierra del Carmen and suggested that this warbler breeds in these +mountains. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:203) found the Olive Warbler in a +thick pine wood at an elevation of 9500 to 10,000 feet and remarked +that this species was "decidedly uncommon in the Diamante Pass area." +They (_loc. cit._) obtained a female (not identified to subspecies) on +April 23 that had a "well developed brood patch and was unquestionably +incubating eggs." Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:40) took a single female +at Diamante Pass on March 6 which also was not identified to +subspecies. Dickerman saw Olive Warblers in the Sierra de la Madera on +December 13, 1953, and 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas on April +10, 1954. + +_Dendroica petechia morcomi_ Coale.--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:246) reported this subspecies of the Yellow Warbler as +having been recorded from Coahuila. + +_Dendroica auduboni auduboni_ (Townsend).--_Specimens examined:_ total +2: [Male] 31094 (skeleton only) from Fortín (=33 mi. N, 1 mi. E San +Gerónimo), 3300 ft., March 29, 1952; and [Male] 31093 from 4 mi. W +Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 25, 1952, weight, 12.3 gms. + +Audubon's Warbler is a common winter visitant and migrant in Coahuila. +Miller (1955a:173) recorded _D. a. auduboni_ as a migrant from April 7 +to 26 in the Sierra del Carmen; he found no suggestion of breeding by +the Audubon's Warbler in the northwestern section of the State. One +individual that Miller (_loc. cit._) obtained was extensively black and +approached the characters of the subspecies _nigrifrons_ of Chihuahua. +He (_loc. cit._) suggested that the black individual was taken from +"part of a cline of blackness and size in which _D. a. auduboni_ of the +northwest and _D. a. nigrifrons_ of Mexico are extremes." Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:203) remarked that Audubon's Warbler "is doubtless a +common winter bird in the area around Saltillo." Two specimens obtained +by Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) "might be considered intermediate" +between _auduboni_ and _memorabilis_. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:40) +saw Audubon's Warbler "in some numbers near San Pedro ... [on] January +29 and 30." Dickerman saw Audubon's Warblers 13 mi. E San Antonio de +las Alazanas on April 10, 1954. Miller (1955a:173) also obtained, in +the Sierra del Carmen, a hybrid between _D. coronata_ and _D. +auduboni_. + +_Dendroica auduboni memorabilis_ Oberholser.--Oberholser (1921:246) +recorded _D. a. memorabilis_ from Saltillo on April 17. This subspecies +seems to winter commonly in western México and less commonly in the +Central Plateau and Sierra Madre Oriental (Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore, 1957:249-250). + +_Dendroica nigrescens_ (Townsend).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +31095, from Fortín (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Gerónimo), 3300 ft., March +28, 1952, weight, 9.3 gms. + +The Black-throated Gray Warbler is an uncommon spring and possibly fall +migrant in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:173) found _D. nigrescens_ uncommon +in the Sierra del Carmen. He saw and heard a spring migrant singing on +April 12 at 7000 feet and obtained a male on April 16. + +_Dendroica townsendi_ (Townsend).--Townsend's Warbler is a spring and +fall migrant in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:173) recorded _D. townsendi_ on +September 2 at Jardín del Sur in Chuperosa Canyon in the Sierra del +Carmen. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:203) saw two individuals of +Townsend's Warbler at Diamante Pass on April 14. Amadon and Phillips +(1947:578) secured this species "in mesquite about twenty miles west of +Saltillo on August 28." Dickerman saw Townsend's Warblers in the Sierra +de la Madera on December 13, 1953; 20 mi. S Ocampo on April 4, 1954; +and 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas on April 10, 1954. + +_Dendroica virens_ (Gmelin).--Dickerman saw one Black-throated Green +Warbler 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9350 feet, on April 10, +1954, in a white pine-Douglas fir-aspen association. This seems to be +the first record of this species in Coahuila. + +*_Dendroica chrysoparia_ Sclater and Salvin.--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:251) listed the Golden-cheeked Warbler from +Hipólito on July 3. + +_Dendroica occidentalis_ (Townsend).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +31592, from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, April 10, 1954. + +The Hermit Warbler seems to be an uncommon spring and probably fall +migrant in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:252) +reported _D. occidentalis_ from the State. No. 31592, whose testes were +not enlarged, was obtained in a pine-spruce-aspen association. + +_Geothlypis trichas brachidactylus_ (Swainson).--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:261) listed this subspecies of the +Yellowthroat as recorded from Coahuila. + +_Geothlypis trichas occidentalis_ Brewster.--Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:204) found the Yellowthroat "only on the outskirts of Saltillo, +where ... [this species] was not uncommon in the thickets, especially +around a small stand of marsh grass bordering a pond." Three males that +Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) obtained were tentatively identified +as _G. t. occidentalis_. Dickerman saw one male Yellowthroat at San +Marcos (=20 mi. S Cuatro Ciénegas) on May 4, 1954. + +_Geothlypis nelsoni nelsoni_ Richmond.--Burleigh and Lowery (1942:204) +noted the Hooded Yellowthroat "only on the open slopes above the summit +of Diamante Pass at an elevation of about 8,000 feet" where they +obtained an adult male. + +*_Icteria virens virens_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Male] [Male] 32105-32106 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., +June 19, 1952; and [Female] 32107 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June +20, 1952. + +From the paucity of records in the literature, I judge that the +Yellow-breasted Chat is uncommon in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:265) listed _I. v. virens_ from Coahuila. +Findley saw a Yellow-breasted Chat 2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de +Sabinas on June 22, 1952. The sizes of the testes (7×4 mm.; 12 mm.) of +Nos. 32105-32106, the size of the largest ovum (2 mm.) of No. 32107, +and the dates (June 19, 20) on which these specimens were obtained +indicate breeding by _I. v. virens_ in northeastern Coahuila, an area +southwest of the previously documented breeding range. + +**_Icteria virens auricollis_ (Deppe).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:264) listed this subspecies of the Yellow-breasted Chat as +recorded from Coahuila. + +_Wilsonia pusilla pileolata_ (Pallas).--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Male] 31501 and [Female] 31500 from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W +Acebuches), May 13 and 14, 1954, measurements: wing, 59, 55 mm.; tail, +50, 49 mm.; culmen, 8, 8.5 mm.; tarsus, 16, 16 mm.; weight: 6, 7 gms.; +and [Male] 31663 from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 +mi. W General Cepeda), 6500 ft., April 21, 1953, measurements: wing, 58 +mm.; tail, 46 mm.; culmen, 8.5 mm.; tarsus, 16 mm.; weight, 7 gms. + +Wilson's Warbler is a common spring and probably fall migrant in +Coahuila. Miller (1955a:173) took spring migrants of _W. p. pileolata_ +from April 9 to April 27; he found _W. p. pileolata_ at 4800 feet and +at 7000 feet. Amadon and Phillips (1947:579) saw a Wilson's Warbler at +Las Delicias on August 17. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:204) found +Wilson's Warbler to be the most abundant of the warblers that they +recorded in southeastern Coahuila. They saw _W. p. pileolata_ on the +top of the high ridges and in the arid desert country in the +southeastern section of the State. Several specimens were collected by +Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) including an immature male from the +Chorro del Agua on April 19. Dickerman saw Wilson's Warblers 16 mi. E +and 18 mi. N Ocampo on May 7, 1954, and at San Marcos (=20 mi. S Cuatro +Ciénegas) on May 4, 1954. The sizes of our specimens as well as their +color (bright olive-green above, bright yellow below) are typical for +the subspecies _pileolata_. + +_Setophaga ruticilla ruticilla_ (Linnaeus).--The American Redstart +seems to be uncommon in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:268) listed one specimen of _S. r. ruticilla_ from the State. + +*_Setophaga picta picta_ Swainson.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: sex +? 31096 from 26 mi. W Santa Teresa, 7050 ft., April 5, 1952; and [Male] +31671 from Cañon d. Meco in Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S General +Cepeda), April 23, 1953, weight, 11 gms. + +The Painted Redstart seems to be locally common in Coahuila. Miller +(1955a:173) found these warblers breeding in the Sierra del Carmen and +said that they were "common from 6000 to 7500 feet in canyon bottom +growth, in oaks, and in mixed pines and oaks;" however, he did not see +any of these warblers above 7500 feet where conifers tended to dominate +the vegetation. Marsh and Stevenson (1938:287) obtained a male Painted +Redstart in annual molt on August 11 in oak and juniper forest at +Vivoras Spring in the Sierra del Carmen and reported seeing two other +Painted Redstarts at 9000 feet (see also Miller, 1955a:173). Dickerman +also saw seven Painted Redstarts 20 mi. S Ocampo on April 4, 1954. The +size of the testes (7×4 mm.) of No. 31671 suggests breeding by _S. p. +picta_ in the Sierra Guadalupe. + +**_Passer domesticus domesticus_ (Linnaeus).--Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:204) remarked that the House Sparrow was not "a common bird +around Saltillo" although they noticed _P. d. domesticus_ regularly. +They reported House Sparrows also from the Chorro del Agua and in the +high mountain valley south of Diamante Pass. Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:275) recorded _P. d. domesticus_ from Sabinas. +Baker captured House Sparrows in a bat net 12 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, 9950 feet, on July 5, 1955. Although there are no other +records, the House Sparrow is probably fairly common in the villages +and towns of the State. + +[**_Sturnella magna hoopesi_ Stone.--The Eastern Meadowlark is uncommon +in Coahuila. The AOU Check-list Committee (1957:523) listed this +subspecies of the Eastern Meadowlark from northern Coahuila.] + +**_Sturnella neglecta neglecta_ Audubon.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31098, from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., +Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952, weight, 71.8 gms. + +This subspecies of the Western Meadowlark seems to be locally common in +the open country of Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:205) found this +meadowlark common "about Saltillo" where a "small series" of _S. +neglecta_ was obtained. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:295) recorded the Western Meadowlark from El Diamante on July 7. +To my knowledge, no specific breeding records of this meadowlark from +Coahuila exist. + +**_Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Male] 32494 (skeleton only) from Las Margaritas, August 4, 1955. + +The Yellow-headed Blackbird occurs in Coahuila in migration. Miller +(1955a:173) found this blackbird at Noria "in the flats immediately +east of the Sierra del Carmen" on April 28, and reported also that +Marsh took a male in worn breeding plumage on July 24 at Tanque de los +Melones on La Bavia Ranch east of Fresno Mesa. Amadon and Phillips +(1947:579) took two adult males at Las Delicias on August 11 and 15. +Dickerman also saw a female 8 mi. E and 2 mi. S Americanos on May 18, +1954. Van Hoose saw a male at Torreón on July 2, 1955. + +*_Agelaius phoeniceus megapotamus_ Oberholser.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 5: [Male] 32124, [Female] 32126, and [Female] 32128 from 12 mi. +N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952; [Male] 32125 from 2 mi. W +Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; and [Female] 32127 from 9 mi. S, 11 +mi. E Sabinas, June 14, 1952. + +This subspecies of the Redwinged Blackbird is common in eastern +Coahuila. There are no records of the species from western Coahuila. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:205) obtained a male at "the edge of +Saltillo" on April 24. Oberholser (1919a:23) recorded _A. p. +megapotamus_ from Porfirio Diaz on June 2, 5, and 6. The presence of +juveniles (32126, 32128) from 12 mi. N and 12 mi. W Jiménez and (32125) +from 2 mi. W Jiménez, respectively, and the dates (June 14, 19, 20) on +which the University of Kansas specimens were obtained are evidence of +breeding by _A. p. megapotamus_ in northeastern Coahuila. + +*_Icterus spurius_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ total 8: [Male] +[Male] 31536-31537 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, +1952; [Male] 31538 from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, 1160 ft., +June 23, 1952; [Male] [Male] 32605-32607 from Parras, July 4, 1955; +[Male] 32604 and [Female] 32603 from Hacienda San Lorenzo, July 3, +1955, weights, 19.4, 18.5 gms. + +The Orchard Oriole seems to occur fairly commonly in eastern and +southern Coahuila and breeds in the State. Amadon and Phillips +(1947:579) reported that Orchard Orioles were common in the desert +"about Las Delicias" in August and September and probably were +migrants. Dickerman collected Nos. 32605-32606 along an irrigated +field-edge that consisted of cottonwood and oak; he obtained Nos. +32603-32604 in an irrigated pecan orchard. The sizes of the testes +(10×5 mm.; 10×5 mm.; 8×7 mm.; 8×7 mm.; 10×8 mm.) of Nos. 31536, 31537, +32605, and 32604, respectively, and the size of the largest ovum (2 +mm.) of No. 32603 as well as the dates (June 19, 23; July 3, 4) on +which all these specimens were collected indicate breeding by this +species in the State. + +*_Icterus cucullatus cucullatus_ Swainson.--_Specimens examined:_ total +2: [Male] 32123 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 21, 1952; and +[Male] 32122 from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, 1160 ft., June +23, 1952. + +The Hooded Oriole apparently is uncommon in Coahuila. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:290) listed _I. c. cucullatus_ from +Sabinas. The size of the testes (11×6 mm.) of No. 32122 and the dates +(June 21, 23) on which Nos. 32123 and 32122 were collected as well as +the juvenile male (tail, 80.5 mm.) from 2 mi. W Jiménez suggest +breeding by this subspecies in Coahuila. + +*_Icterus parisorum_ Bonaparte.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] +32121, from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, 1952. + +Scott's Oriole is common in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:173) found this +oriole breeding in the canyons at the base of the Sierra del Carmen. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:205) found this oriole limited to the higher +altitudes above 7000 feet, and took specimens at Diamante Pass and at +the Chorro del Agua on April 19. Amadon and Phillips (1947:579) found +Scott's Oriole "not uncommon in the arroyos near Las Delicias" and +reported a juvenile "barely out of the nest and able to fly only a few +feet ..." on August 15. No. 32121 had an egg in its oviduct. Dickerman +saw Scott's Orioles in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954, and 16 mi. +E and 18 mi. N Ocampo on May 7, 1954. + +**_Icterus wagleri wagleri_ Sclater.--Ridgway (1902:268) recorded +_Icterus wagleri_ from Saltillo. Hellmayr (1937:122-123) referred this +record of Wagler's Oriole to _I. w. wagleri_. + +*_Icterus bullockii bullockii_ (Swainson).--This subspecies of +Bullock's Oriole was listed as breeding by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:282) at Monclova on May 12-19. + +_Euphagus cyanocephalus_ (Wagler).--Brewer's Blackbird is a common +migrant in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:174) found a few as migrants in the +Sierra del Carmen on April 27. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:205) remarked +that "this blackbird was characteristically a bird of the towns and +villages, the scattered flocks being invariably seen feeding in the +streets and near the houses." They (_loc. cit._) obtained three +specimens at Diamante Valley on April 23 and remarked that the +departure of these birds in spring was "extremely late." + +_*Cassidix mexicanus prosopidicola_ Lowery.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Female] 32893 from Parras, July 4, 1955, weight, 98.8 gms.; +and [Male] [Male] 35418-35419 from Torreón, January 8, 1954. + +This subspecies of Boat-tailed Grackle has been recorded from several +localities in Coahuila. In southeastern Coahuila, Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:205-206) noted this grackle "somewhat local in its distribution; +it was found in cultivated fields about the towns and villages." These +authors noted it at Saltillo, the Chorro del Agua, and "occasionally in +the open valley south of Diamante Pass" and obtained specimens from +"near Saltillo" and Diamante Valley. On August 18 Amadon and Phillips +(1947:579) found _C. m. prosopidicola_ at Las Delicias where "a fledged +young was noticed begging for food...." Lowery (1938:4) recorded one +specimen of _C. m. prosopidicola_ from Monclova. Findley saw +Boat-tailed Grackles 2 mi. W Jiménez on June 19, 1952, and 2 mi. S and +11 mi. E Nava on June 15, 1952. + +The distribution and intergradation of Boat-tailed Grackles in Coahuila +is presently poorly understood. _C. m. prosopidicola_ from southeastern +Coahuila may approach _C. m. mexicanus_, and there is probable +intergradation of _prosopidicola_ with _monsoni_ in northwestern +Coahuila (Phillips, 1950:78). + +_Molothrus ater ater_ (Boddaert).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] +31513, from 21 mi. S, 11 mi. E Australia, 4400 ft., May 3, 1954, +measurements: wing, 102 mm.; tail, 64 mm.; tarsus, 26 mm.; culmen, 17 +mm. + +This subspecies of the Brown-headed Cowbird is uncommon in Coahuila. +Amadon and Phillips (1947:579) took an adult male and a juvenile female +_M. a. ater_ at Las Delicias on August 15, both of which were +considered early migrants. Dickerman obtained No. 31513 from a flock of +eight cowbirds. Although the measurements of this specimen agree +equally well with those of _M. a. ater_ and _M. a. artemisiae_ +(Grinnell, 1909:275-281), the shape of the bill most closely resembles +that of _ater_. Grinnell (1909:278) said that "_ater_ has a tumid bill, +broad and high at [the] base with [a] conspicuously arched culmen" +whereas "_artemisiae_ has a longer and relatively much slenderer bill, +vertically shallow at [the] base and laterally compressed, with the +culmen in its greater portion straight or even slightly depressed." The +size of the ovary (8×4 mm.) of No. 31513 and the date (May 3) on which +it was obtained suggest that this individual was a late migrant, still +south of the breeding range of _M. a. ater_. + +_Molothrus ater artemisiae_ Grinnell.--This subspecies of the +Brown-headed Cowbird is an uncommon migrant in Coahuila. Amadon and +Phillips (1947:579) obtained, at Las Delicias, a juvenile male on +August 15 and an adult male on August 17. + +*_Molothrus ater obscurus_ (Gmelin).--_Specimens examined:_ total 18: +[Male] [Male] 32112-32115 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., +June 18 and 19, 1952; [Male] [Male] 32108-32111, [Male] 32116, and +[Female] [Female] 32117-32120 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, +1952; [Female] 32491 from Las Margaritas, August 4, 1955; [Male] 31511 +and [Female] 31510 from 16 mi. E, 18 mi. N Ocampo, May 8 and 7, 1952; +and [Male] [Male] 35409-35410 (skeletons only) from 4 mi. N San Isidro, +May 11, 1954. + +This subspecies of the Brown-headed Cowbird is common in Coahuila and +breeds there. Amadon and Phillips (1947:579) suggested that _M. a. +obscurus_ breeds at Las Delicias. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:206) saw +the Brown-headed Cowbird in "small numbers on the outskirts of +Saltillo...." + +Measurements of the adult males that I have examined are: wing, 101.1 +mm. (97-106); tail, 66.5 mm. (62-69); tarsus, 25.6 mm. (24.5-28); +culmen, 17.3 mm. (16-18.5). Measurements of the adult females that I +have examined are: wing, 92.3 mm. (90-97); tail, 60.1 mm. (56.5-62.5); +tarsus, 23.5 mm. (22.5-24); culmen, 14.4 mm. (14-15). The sizes of the +testes of three of the males (6-7 mm. long) and of the largest ova of +four of the females (6-9 mm. in diameter) indicate breeding by this +subspecies in Coahuila, as does the small size of one of the juvenile +males (tail, 33.5 mm. long). + +_Piranga ludoviciana_ (Wilson).--In Coahuila the Western Tanager occurs +fairly commonly as a migrant. There are no records of it breeding in +the State. Miller (1955a:174) remarked that Marsh took a migrant +Western Tanager at Jardín del Sur in the Sierra del Carmen on September +7. Amadon and Phillips (1947:579) took an adult male Western Tanager at +Las Delicias on August 12. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:305) also recorded this tanager from 12 mi. W Saltillo. Dickerman +saw Western Tanagers in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954, and 16 mi. +E and 18 mi. N Ocampo on May 7, 1954. + +*_Piranga flava dextra_ Bangs.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 31526, +from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Acebuches), May 12, 1954, +weight, 41 gms. + +Miller (1955a:174) found this subspecies of the Hepatic Tanager "in the +pine-oak belt at 7000 feet on April 12 [in the Sierra del Carmen], when +a male was seen and a female taken." No. 31526 was with a female when +taken; this male was not fat and its testes were not enlarged. The size +of the wing (105.5 mm.) of No. 31526 represents the extreme maximum in +this subspecies. + +_Piranga flava hepatica_ (Swainson).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:303) stated that _P. f. hepatica_ is found in northwestern +and central Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into the +highlands of México, west of the Sierra Madre Oriental, to Oaxaca and +in winter and migration extends eastward and south to Chiapas. These +authors remarked also that _P. f. dextra_ occurs in the mountains east +of the continental divide in New Mexico and western Texas south through +eastern México to Chiapas. Specimens of the Hepatic Tanager from +Coahuila in winter might well be either _P. f. hepatic_ or _P. f. +dextra_. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (_loc. cit._) recorded +migrants of _P. f. hepatica_ from the Sierra de Guadalupe on April +24-27. + +*_Piranga rubra rubra_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimens examined:_ total 6: +[Male] 32129, [Male] 32132, and [Female] 32133 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W +Jiménez, 850 ft., June 18 and 19, 1952; [Male] 32130 from 2 mi. W +Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, 1952; and [Male] 32131 and [Female] 32134 +from 2 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nava, June 15, 1952. + +This Summer Tanager occurs in northeastern Coahuila. The specimens from +12 mi. N and 12 mi. W Jiménez, 2 mi. W Jiménez, and 2 mi. S and 11 mi. +E Nava are typical representatives of _P. r. rubra_. The large testes +(12 mm.) of No. 32129 and the well-developed brood patch of No. 32134 +are evidence of breeding by this subspecies in the State. Heretofore +this subspecies has not been recorded from Coahuila. + +*_Piranga rubra cooperi_ Ridgway.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: +[Male] [Male] 32828-32829, [Male] 32831, and [Female] 32830 from +Parras, July 4, 1955. + +This subspecies of Summer Tanager seems to occur throughout Coahuila +except in the northeastern section of the State. Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:302) listed _P. r. cooperi_ from Sabinas and +Sierra de Guadalupe. Miller (1955a:174) saw a Summer Tanager in a +canyon in the Serranías de Burros, about 40 miles east of the Sierra +del Carmen on April 28. Although there are no other records of _P. r. +cooperi_ from northwestern Coahuila, Van Tyne and Sutton (1937:96) +recorded this tanager as a common nesting species in Brewster County, +Texas, in cottonwood, mesquite, or willow trees. I suspect that _P. r. +cooperi_ is a common nesting bird in northwestern Coahuila as well. + +Nos. 32828-32831 approach _P. r. rubra_. The measurements of No. 32829 +are: wing, 98 mm.; tail, 80 mm.; the measurements of No. 32831 are: +wing, 98 mm.; tail, 79 mm. The specimens of _P. r. cooperi_ from Parras +are somewhat small and seemingly approach _P. r. rubra_. The sizes of +the testes (8×5 mm.; 9×5 mm.) of Nos. 32829 and 32831, respectively, +and the size of the largest ovum (4×4 mm.) of No. 32830 indicate +breeding by this subspecies in southern Coahuila, as does the presence +of No. 32828, a juvenile male. + +*_Richmondena cardinalis canicaudus_ (Chapman).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Male] 31099 from 1 mi. N Boquillas, 700 ft., March 8, 1952, +weight, 45.3 gms.; [Male] 32135 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., June 20, +1952; and [Male] 32136 from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, June +22, 1952. + +In Coahuila the Cardinal is common. Miller (1955a:174) found it singing +in the Boquillas drainage of the Sierra del Carmen at 4800 feet, and +gave evidence that the Cardinal breeds there. Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:43) found the species to be common in the low country "east of +Saltillo." Hellmayr (1938:69) recorded _R. c. canicaudus_ from Sabinas. +The sizes of the testes (9 mm.; 7×4 mm.) of Nos. 32135-32136 indicate +breeding by this subspecies in northeastern Coahuila. + +*_Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 4: [Male] 31100 from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March +4, 1952, weight, 37.3 gms.; [Male] 32137 from 5 mi. N, 19 mi. W Cuatro +Ciénegas, 3250 ft., July 5, 1952; [Male] 35403 (skeleton only) from San +Marcos, May 5, 1954; and [Male] 30234 from 3 mi. SE Torreón, 3800 ft., +January 12, 1951. + +In Coahuila, the Pyrrhuloxia is common. Hellmayr (1938:76) listed it +from Sabinas. Ridgway (1901:628) recorded _P. s. texana_ (=_sinuata_) +from La Ventura. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:206) found the species "only +in the open desert country west of Saltillo where, on April 22, several +pairs were seen in a small arroyo." Amadon and Phillips (1947:579) took +an immature _P. s. sinuata_ at Las Delicias; Sutton and Burleigh +(1939a:43-44) found this subspecies fairly common in the San Pedro +district on January 29 and 30. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:330) recorded breeding by _P. s. sinuata_ at Hipólito on July 2. +The size of the testes (8 mm.) of No. 32137 indicates breeding in +central Coahuila. + +*_Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus_ (Swainson).--_Specimen +examined:_ one, [Male] 31664, from Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W +General Cepeda), 7500 ft., April 30, 1953, measurements: wing, 105.5 +mm.; tail, 78 mm.; culmen, 19 mm.; weight, 48 gms. + +Miller (1955a:174) reported that the Black-headed Grosbeak first +appeared in the Sierra del Carmen on April 13 and was soon seen +patrolling territories. He remarked that these specimens from the +Sierra del Carmen conformed adequately with the rather poorly +differentiated race _P. m. melanocephalus_ and stated that Marsh took +an immature male at Jardín del Sur on September 7. Oberholser +(1919b:416) listed _Hedymeles melanocephalus papago_ (=_P. m. +melanocephalus_) from Sierra Guadalupe on April 27. Dickerman saw +Black-headed Grosbeaks in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954, and 16 +mi. E and 18 mi. N Ocampo on May 7, 1954. The size of No. 31664 +represents the characters of _P. m. melanocephalus_ as presented by +Oberholser (1919b:413). No specimen of _P. m. melanocephalus_ from +Coahuila, to my knowledge, approaches _P. m. maculatus_. The size of +the testes (7×5 mm.) of No. 31664 suggests breeding by this subspecies +in the Sierra Guadalupe. + +*_Guiraca caerulea interfusa_ Dwight and Griscom.--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32138 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W Jiménez, 850 +ft., June 18, 1952; and [Female] 32139 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., +June 21, 1952. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:206) recorded this Blue Grosbeak from "about +twenty miles west of Saltillo" on April 22. Miller (1955a:174) stated +that Marsh obtained a male _G. c. interfusa_ at Vivoras Spring on +August 3. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:334) remarked +that the Blue Grosbeak breeds in the northern and eastern sections and +reported _G. c. interfusa_ from Hipólito on July 2. Amadon and Phillips +(1947:580) reported examining material from Sabinas referable to _G. c. +interfusa_. Dickerman saw Blue Grosbeaks 4 mi. N San Isidro on May 10, +1954. Findley saw Blue Grosbeaks 4 mi. W Jiménez on June 19, 1952, and +2 mi. S and 3 mi. E San Juan de Sabinas on June 22, 1952. Nos. +32138-32139 are typical representatives of _G. c. interfusa_. The size +of the testes (12 mm.) of No. 32138, the size of the largest ovum (2 +mm.) of No. 32139, and the dates (June 18, 21) on which they were +collected are evidence of breeding by this subspecies. + +**_Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha_ Coues.--Amadon and Phillips (1947:580) +obtained an adult male of this Blue Grosbeak from Las Delicias on +August 12. This subspecies, according to Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:334), is resident at middle and lower elevations +through most of central and southern México. Except for the occurrence +of intergrades of _G. c. interfusa_, _caerulea_, and _eurhyncha_ in +southern Nuevo León and Tamaulipas (Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore, 1957:335), the record from Las Delicias represents the northern +limit of the range of the subspecies _eurhyncha_. + +*_Passerina cyanea_ (Linnaeus).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +31544, from San Marcos, May 5, 1954. + +The Indigo Bunting is rare in Coahuila. Van Hoose (1955:303) reported +that No. 31544 seems to provide the first record of the species in the +State. The Indigo Bunting is a summer resident in southwestern Oklahoma +and southeastern Texas (Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, +1957:336). No. 31544 seemingly represents a large extension in the +summer range of the Indigo Bunting. Van Hoose (_loc. cit._) stated that +No. 31544 was observed chasing another male, and the pursuer in turn +was followed by a female; he thought that the territorial behavior of +this bird suggested breeding. + +*_Passerina versicolor versicolor_ (Bonaparte).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 2: [Male] 35414 from 6 mi. N, 2 mi. W Castillón, 3750 ft., June +30, 1953, weight, 8 gms.; and [Male] 35415 from 5 mi. S Castillón, 4150 +ft., June 28, 1953. + +Although the Varied Bunting has been recorded only from northwestern +Coahuila, I suspect that this bird is locally common throughout most of +the State. Miller (1955a:174) stated that the habitat of this species +consisted of catclaw-covered bottom lands at the base of the Sierra del +Carmen at 4700 feet. Miller's records indicate incipient breeding by +_P. v. versicolor_ in the Sierra del Carmen on April 26. The size of +the testes (11 mm.) of No. 35415 and the dates (June 28, 30) on which +Nos. 35414-35415 were collected are strong evidence of breeding by the +Varied Bunting 6 mi. N and 2 mi. W Castillón and 5 mi. S Castillón. + +*_Passerina ciris pallidior_ Mearns.--_Specimens examined:_ total 6: +[Male] 32141 and [Female] 32142 from 2 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nava, 810 ft., +June 15 and 16, 1952; [Male] 35416 from 6 mi. N, 2 mi. W Castillón, +3750 ft., June 29, 1953, weight, 15 gms.; [Male] 32140 from 2 mi. S, 3 +mi. E San Juan de Sabinas, June 22, 1952; [Male] 31547 from 16 mi. N, +14 mi. E Ocampo, May 10, 1954, weight, 16 gms.; and [Male] 31546 from +San Marcos, May 5, 1954. + +The Painted Bunting is a common summer resident in Coahuila. Marsh and +Stevenson (1938:287) wrote that Painted Buntings were common in summer +in the foothills of the Sierra del Carmen, and they took a male at +Piedra Blanca on July 25 and a female at Jardín del Sur on September 1. +Amadon and Phillips (1947:580) remarked that two immature Painted +Buntings, "apparently migrants, were taken at Las Delicias on August 10 +and 11." Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:339) recorded +breeding by _P. c. pallidior_ at Hipólito, 4200 feet, on July 1. +Findley saw Painted Buntings 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava on June 15, +1952. Dickerman saw Painted Buntings 4 mi. N San Isidro on May 10, +1954. Hardy saw Painted Buntings at Parras on July 4, 1955. + +All the University of Kansas specimens are typical of the larger +subspecies _pallidior_. The dates (May 5, 10; June 15, 16, 22, 29) on +which these specimens were collected, the sizes of the testes (9×6 mm.; +6×5 mm.; 7×3 mm.) of Nos. 32140, 31547, and 31546, respectively, and +the size of the largest ovum (2.5 mm.) of No. 32142 indicate breeding +by _P. c. pallidior_ in Coahuila. + +_Carpodacus cassinii_ Baird.--Cassin's Finch is an uncommon winter +migrant in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:314) +listed _C. cassinii_ from Sierra Guadalupe. + +*_Carpodacus mexicanus potosinus_ Griscom.--_Specimens examined:_ total +8: [Male] 35417 from 13 mi. S, 5 mi. W Castillón, 4000 ft., June 28, +1953, testes, 6 mm., weight, 19 gms.; [Female] 35411 (skeleton only) +from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. W, 3 mi. S Acebuches), 6200 ft., May 14, +1954; [Male] 32145 from 5 mi. N, 19 mi. W Cuatro Ciénegas, 3250 ft., +July 5, 1952; [Male] 32144 and [Female] 32147 from 3 mi. S, 3 mi. E +Bella Unión, 6750 ft., June 27, 1952, [Male] gonads, 7 mm.; [Male] +32143 and [Female] 32146 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., +June 24, 1952; and [Male] 31675 from the west foot of Pico de Jimulco, +5000 ft., April 4, 1953, weight, 20 gms. + +The House Finch is common in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:174) reported a +sparse population of this species in the foothills adjoining Boquillas +Canyon at 4800 feet of the Sierra del Carmen and observed young just +out of the nest on April 25. He remarked also that specimens of the +House Finch from the Sierra del Carmen seem to show no intergradation +toward _frontalis_. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:206) noted _C. m. +potosinus_ at "Saltillo, in the desert country west of there, at the +Chorro del Agua, and in the open valley south of Diamante Pass." +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:316) listed breeding by _C. +m. potosinus_ at El Diamante on July 6. Dickerman also saw the House +Finch at San Marcos on May 4, 1954, and Hardy saw it at Parras on July +4, 1955. No. 32147 had a distinct brood patch; the largest ovum of No. +32146 was 7 mm. in diameter. No. 32145 was a juvenile male. + +The University of Kansas specimens agree well with descriptions of _C. +m. potosinus_ as given by Moore (1939:195). No approach toward _C. m. +frontalis_, _centralis_, or _nigrescens_ is exhibited by any of these +specimens. No. 31675, from Pico de Jimulco in southwestern Coahuila, is +paler above and below than any other specimens of _C. m. potosinus_. +Also the crown of No. 31675 is suffused with more red than in typical +representatives of _C. m. potosinus_. + +**_Spinus pinus pinus_ (Wilson).--_Specimen examined:_ one, sex ? 33219 +(skeleton only) from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., +July 6, 1955. + +On April 5, 7, and 21, Miller (1955a:175) recorded winter visitant or +vagrant flocks of Pine Siskins in the Sierra del Carmen. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:318) listed _S. p. pinus_ south to +Sierra Guadalupe. Dickerman saw Pine Siskins 13 mi. E San Antonio de +las Alazanas on April 10, 1954. + +_Spinus pinus macropterus_ (Bonaparte).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:319) recorded a vagrant _S. p. macropterus_ from 50 mi. +S Monclova, 2850 feet, on November 9. + +_Spinus tristis pallidus_ Mearns.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Female] +31101, from Fortín (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San Gerónimo), 3300 ft., March +28, 1952, weight, 11.5 gms. + +The American Goldfinch is an uncommon migrant or winter visitant in +Coahuila. Hellmayr (1938:296) recorded _S. t. pallidus_ from Sabinas. +Fortín and Sabinas are the only places in Coahuila where _S. t. +pallidus_ has been collected. No. 31101 is a typical representative of +_S. t. pallidus_. + +**_Spinus psaltria psaltria_ (Say).--_Specimens examined:_ total 7: +[Male] [Male] 32148-32149 and [Female] 32151 from 12 mi. N, 12 mi. W +Jiménez, 850 ft., June 19, 1952; [Male] 32150 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, +June 20, 1952; [Male] 33220 (skeleton only) from Parras, July 4, 1955; +and [Male] 32939 and [Female] 32940 from Mesa de las Tablas, July 7, +1955, weights, 9.5, 11 gms. + +In Coahuila, the Lesser Goldfinch seems to be common. Although Miller +(1955a:175) did not find it in the Sierra del Carmen, he reported that +Marsh took a specimen on August 22 in Chuperosa Canyon that was +"presumed to" be _S. p. psaltria_. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:206) +observed the Lesser Goldfinch "on the outskirts of Saltillo in an +orchard on April 20." + +Nos. 32148-32151 and 32940 were typical for the subspecies _psaltria_. +A partial albino (32939), which was obtained from a pine-oak-wheat +field edge, has upper parts that lack the black coloring of typical +representatives of _S. p. psaltria_. Instead the crown and back of No. +32939 is yellow, resembling the color of its underparts, the wing +coverts are white, and its primaries are black with white edgings. + +*_Atlapetes pileatus dilutus_ Ridgway.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] 32942 and [Female] 32943 from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955. + +The Rufous-capped Atlapetes occurs uncommonly in southeastern Coahuila. +The male and female _A. p. dilutus_ from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas represent the first records of occurrence of this subspecies +in the State. The smaller size, grayer upper parts, and pale yellow +color of the underparts of Nos. 32942-32943 characterize the subspecies +_dilutus_. The size of the testes (7×6 mm.) of No. 32942 and the date +(July 6) on which both specimens were collected indicate breeding by +this species in Coahuila. + +*_Arremonops rufivirgata rufivirgata_ (Lawrence).--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Male] 32152 and [Female] 32153 from 2 mi. S, 3 mi. +E San Juan de Sabinas, June 22 and 23, 1952. + +The Olive Sparrow is uncommon in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, +and Moore (1957:349) listed _A. r. rufivirgata_ from Sabinas on +February 10. Sabinas and southeast of San Juan de Sabinas seem to be +the only localities in Coahuila where the Olive Sparrow has been +collected and also are at the westernmost extremity of range of this +species. The size of the testes (9×7 mm.) of No. 32152 and the dates of +collection indicate breeding by the Olive Sparrow in Coahuila. + +_Chlorura chlorura_ (Audubon).--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] 30238, +from 1 mi. N San Lorenzo, 4200 ft., February 5, 1951. + +The Green-tailed Towhee is a common migrant and winter visitant in +Coahuila; the species has been found at several localities. Miller +(1955a:175) noted several migrants "each day in the last week of +April ... at the mouth of Boquillas Canyon" of the Sierra del Carmen. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:207) noted the species "in an arroyo in the +open desert country about twenty miles west of Saltillo on April 22." +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:351) listed the +Green-tailed Towhee from 12 mi. W Saltillo on September 28 and from +Sabinas. + +*_Piplio erythrophthalmus gaigei_ Van Tyne and Sutton.--_Specimens +examined:_ total 3: [Female] 31102 from Fortín (=33 mi. N, 8 mi. W San +Gerónimo), 3300 ft., March 28, 1952, weight, 38.8 gms.; [Male] 35412 +(skeleton only) from Sierra del Pino (=5 mi. W, 3 mi. S Acebuches), +6200 ft., May 15, 1954, testes enlarged, weight, 34 gms.; and [Male] +31593 from 17 mi. S Ocampo, 5300 ft., April 7, 1954, weight, 38 gms. + +The Rufous-sided Towhee is locally common in Coahuila; _P. e. gaigei_ +is present in northern Coahuila. Miller (1955a:175) remarked that +"between 6800 and 7500 feet these towhees were sparsely distributed in +areas of scattered low ceanothus and hawthorne, chiefly in canyon +bottoms, but also on slopes where ceanothus was intermingled with +downed timber and young pines." He (_loc. cit._) indicated that the +adult obtained by Marsh from Vivoras Canyon on August 25 was _P. e. +gaigei_ rather than _P. maculatus montanus_ (see also Sibley, +1950:127). Dickerman saw Rufous-sided Towhees in the Sierra de la +Madera on December 13, 1953. I have referred Nos. 31102 and 31593 to +_gaigei_ although both are close to _orientalis_. The size of the +testes (14×8 mm.) of No. 31593 suggests breeding. + +*_Piplio erythrophthalmus orientalis_ Sibley.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Male] 32154 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June +25, 1952; [Male] 33223 (skeleton only) from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955; and [Male] 31630 from Mesa de Tablas, +8600 ft., January 15, 1954, weight, 46 gms. + +This subspecies of the Rufous-sided Towhee occurs in southeastern +Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:207) stated that it "was limited in +its distribution to the mountain sides ... [and was] noted in the +arroyos at the base of the mountains and from there up to about 8,000 +feet." These authors identified their specimens from Diamante Pass and +from Saltillo as _Pipilo maculatus gaigei_. Sibley (1950:129) +reidentified them, as well as a series from Sierra de Guadalupe, as _P. +e. orientalis_. The size of the testes (12×7 mm.) of No. 32154 as well +as the date (June 25) on which it was obtained suggests breeding by the +Rufous-sided Towhee in southeastern Coahuila. + +*_Pipilo fuscus potosinus_ Ridgway.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Male] 32155 from 7 mi. S, 4 mi. E Bella Unión, 7200 ft., June 25, +1952; [Male] 31676 from the west foot of Pico de Jimulco, 5000 ft., +April 5, 1953, weight, 45 gms.; and sex ? 29560 from 7 mi. S, 1 mi. E +Gómez Farías, 6500 ft., November 19, 1949, weight, 46.5 gms. + +The subspecies _potosinus_ has been recorded from several localities in +Coahuila. Davis (1951:70) listed the following localities in the State +from which _P. f. potosinus_ has been collected: Muralla, San Lázaro +Mountains, 50 mi. S Monclova, 2850 ft., Saltillo; Saltillo (Chorro de +Agua); 19 mi. W Saltillo; Cresta Blanca, 12 mi. W Saltillo, 5500 ft.; +Diamante Pass, 11 mi. S Saltillo, 6000-8000 ft.; and Carneros. Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:358) recorded a "small juvenile" +from El Diamante on July 5. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:45) recorded _P. +f. texanus_ from Diamante Pass on March 6. I suspect that Davis (_op. +cit._) reidentified the specimen concerned from Diamante Pass as _P. f. +potosinus_. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:207) indicated that _P. f. +potosinus_ "was fairly common and of general distribution in the area, +occurring both on the arid plateau about Saltillo and on the mountain +sides up to an elevation of about 8,000 feet." Nos. 32155, 31676, and +29560 are typical for _P. f. potosinus_. The size of the testes (14×7 +mm.) of No. 32155 suggests breeding by the Brown Towhee in southeastern +Coahuila. + +*_Pipilo fuscus texanus_ van Rossem.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31103, from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, 1500 ft., March 5, +1952, weight, 46.9 gms. + +This subspecies of the Brown Towhee occurs in northwestern Coahuila +south through the Sierra del Carmen. Miller (1955a:176) reported that +his series of Brown Towhees from the Sierra del Carmen agreed +satisfactorily with _texanus_ although revealing some sign of +intergradation with _potosinus_. Davis (1951:70) thought that _P. f. +potosinus_ is present in northern as well as southern Coahuila. Miller +(1955a:176), however, remarked that _P. f. texanus_ is more +characteristic of the population of Brown Towhees of northwestern +Coahuila. He indicated that a single juvenile taken by Marsh on August +28 from Jardín del Sur and allocated to _P. f. potosinus_ by Davis +probably is _P. f. texanus_. + +_Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger.--_Specimen examined:_ one, [Male] +30239, from 10 mi. E Torreón, 3700 ft., January 9, 1951. + +The Lark Bunting is an uncommon winter visitant in Coahuila. Other than +the present specimen, the only record of the Lark Bunting in Coahuila +is that of Burleigh and Lowery (1942:207), who reported a small flock +of this species from which several specimens were collected "on April +20 in a field on the edge of Saltillo." + +_Passerculus sandwichensis oblitus_ Peters and Griscom.--Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:364) recorded _P. s. oblitus_ from +Sabinas on February 25 and March 18 and 24. These records represent +sparse winter visitants to Coahuila. + +_Passerculus sandwichensis brooksi_ Bishop.--Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:208) recorded _P. s. brooksi_ from Diamante Pass in April; +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:363) remarked that this +specimen is perhaps best regarded as a variant of one of the races +normally wintering in this area. + +_Passerculus sandwichensis anthinus_ Bonaparte.--_Specimens examined:_ +total 3: [Male] 31104 from 10 mi. E Hacienda La Mariposa, 2000 ft., +March 30, 1952, weight 15 gms.; [Female] 31105 from 8 mi. N, 4 mi. W +Múzquiz, 1800 ft., April 1, 1952, weight, 19.0 gms.; and [Female] 31594 +from 17 mi. S Ocampo, 5300 ft., April 7, 1954, weight, 16 gms. + +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:208) recorded _P. s. anthinus_ from Diamante +Pass. This subspecies is not uncommon in Coahuila. The University of +Kansas specimens showed no indication of breeding. + +_Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis_ Grinnell.--This subspecies of +the Savannah Sparrow is uncommon in Coahuila; Hellmayr (1938:490) +listed one specimen from Sabinas. + +_Passerculus sandwichensis brunnescens_ (Butler).--Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:208) recorded this subspecies of the Savannah Sparrow from +Diamante Pass in April. + +_Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus_ (Coues).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31562, from 3 mi. N, 4 mi. E San Francisco (=25 mi. N Ocampo), +4850 ft., May 16, 1954, weight, 15 gms. + +The Grasshopper Sparrow is an uncommon spring and possibly fall migrant +in Coahuila. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:367) recorded +_A. s. perpallidus_ from Sabinas on March 12. No. 31562, which was +obtained in a yucca and acacia association, had little fat. + +_Ammodramus bairdii_ (Audubon).--Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:368) remarked that Baird's Sparrow is a rare winter visitant to +the northern states of México and recorded _A. bairdii_ from Saltillo +on May 8. + +_Pooecetes gramineus confinis_ Baird.--The Vesper Sparrow seems to be +an uncommon winter visitant in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:176) found _P. +g. confinis_ "on two occasions in the grass of the dry ciénega at the +head of Corte Madera Canyon at 7500 feet" on April 9 and 14 in the +Sierra del Carmen. In April, Burleigh and Lowery (1942:208) found _P. +g. confinis_ only in Diamante Valley where this sparrow "appeared to be +quite uncommon." Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:45) took a male _P. g. +confinis_ at San Pedro on January 29. + +*_Chondestes grammacus strigatus_ Swainson.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 32156, from 8 mi. N, 2 mi. W Piedras Negras, June 18, 1952. + +The Lark Sparrow is not uncommon in Coahuila. Miller (1955a:176) saw +one male, "apparently on a breeding territory, on April 27 in an open, +rather barren desert flat adjoining the lower part of Boquillas wash at +4600 feet." He reported that Marsh took a young of the year, still +largely in juvenile plumage, on September 6 in the Sierra del Carmen. +Amadon and Phillips (1947:580) remarked that Lark Sparrows were common +"about Las Delicias" after August 18. Findley saw Lark Sparrows 2 mi. W +Jiménez on June 19, 1952, and 2 mi. S and 11 mi. E Nava on June 15, +1952. Dickerman saw Lark Sparrows at San Marcos on May 4, 1954. The +pale and narrowly streaked upperparts of No. 32156 are typical for _C. +g. strigatus_. The size of the testes (9×4 mm.) of No. 32156 and the +date (June 18) on which it was obtained suggest breeding by the Lark +Sparrow in northeastern Coahuila. + +*_Aimophila ruficeps tenuirostris_ Burleigh and Lowery.--This +subspecies of the Rufous-crowned Sparrow is resident in the northern +part of Coahuila. Miller (1955a:176) remarked that the species "ranged +up to 7000 feet on open south-facing slopes within the oak belt" of the +Sierra del Carmen. Specimens collected by him showed no approach to +_boucardi_ of southern México and seem to be closest to _tenuirostris_. +Miller referred the specimen that Marsh and Stevenson (1938:287) took +on August 22 in Chuperosa Canyon to _tenuirostris_ rather than +_boucardi_. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:376) listed _A. +r. tenuirostris_ from 50 mi. S Monclova on November 8 and 10. + +*_Aimophila ruficeps boucardi_ (Sclater).--This subspecies of the +Rufous-crowned Sparrow is common in southern Coahuila. Burleigh and +Lowery (1942:208) indicated that _A. r. boucardi_ was common throughout +the mountainous areas and to some extent in the arroyos of the open +desert country of southeastern Coahuila. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:46) +took a female _A. r. boucardi_ "near Diamante Pass." Ridgway (1901:252) +listed _A. r. boucardi_ from Carneros. _A. r. tenuirostris_ and +_boucardi_ seem to intergrade in central and even southern Coahuila. +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:376) recorded intermediate +populations of the Rufous-crowned Sparrow from 12 mi. W Saltillo. + +*_Aimophila cassinii_ (Woodhouse).--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Male] 32157 from 9 mi. S, 11 mi. E Sabinas, June 14, 1952; and [Male] +32158 from 18 mi. S, 14 mi. E Tanque Alvarez, 4000 ft., July 6, 1952. + +Cassin's Sparrow seems to be common in Coahuila. The AOU Check-list +Committee (1957:603) listed _A. cassinii_ from 10 mi. E Saltillo. +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:378-379) recorded Cassin's +Sparrow from Sabinas, on April 25; from 25 mi. SW Monclova, on November +20; from 12 mi. W Saltillo, on September 28; and from 10 mi. NE +Saltillo, on July 3. These authors stated that Cassin's Sparrow was +breeding 10 mi. NE Saltillo. The sizes of the testes (5×3 mm.; 7×5 mm.) +of Nos. 32157-32158, respectively, and the dates (June 14, July 6) on +which they were obtained are additional evidence of breeding by +Cassin's Sparrow in Coahuila. + +*_Amphispiza bilineata bilineata_ (Cassin).--_Specimens examined:_ +total 5: [Male] 32159 and [Female] 32163 from 2 mi. W Jiménez, 850 ft., +June 20, 1952; [Male] 32160 from 8 mi. N, 2 mi. W Piedras Negras, June +18, 1952; [Male] 32161 and sex ? 32162 from 5 mi. N, 19 mi. W Cuatro +Ciénegas, 3250 ft., July 5, 1952. + +The Black-throated Sparrow is common in Coahuila. Typical +representatives of _A. b. bilineata_ occur in eastern Coahuila. The +center of the State is occupied by intergrades between _A. b. +bilineata_, _opuntia_, and _grisea_. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and +Moore (1957:381) reported _A. b. bilineata_ from the "Saltillo area." +Hellmayr (1938:539) recorded _A. b. bilineata_ from Sabinas. The sizes +(13, 14 mm.) of the white spot on the lateral tail feathers of Nos. +32163 and 32160, respectively, suggest _A. b. bilineata_. The short +wing (61-64.5 mm.) and the lighter and browner color of the backs of +Nos. 32163, 32160, and 32161 are suggestive of _A. b. bilineata_. +Nevertheless, the size (8 mm.) of the white spot on the lateral tail +feather of No. 32161 indicates intergradation with _A. b. opuntia_. + +The sizes of the testes (6×4 mm.; 8 mm.) of Nos. 32160 and 32161, the +size of the largest ovum (2 mm. in diameter) of No. 32163, and the +presence of the juveniles from 2 mi. W Jiménez and 5 mi. N and 19 mi. W +Cuatro Ciénegas indicate breeding by _A. b. bilineata_ in Coahuila. + +*_Amphispiza bilineata opuntia_ Burleigh and Lowery.--_Specimens +examined:_ total 2: [Female] 31106 from 10 mi. S, 5 mi. E Boquillas, +1500 ft., March 3, 1952; weight, 12.3 gms.; and [Male] 31108 from 35 +mi. S, 14 mi. E Boquillas, 2350 ft., March 12, 1952. + +This subspecies of the Black-throated Sparrow occurs in northwestern +Coahuila. Miller (1955a:176) stated that the Black-throated Sparrow was +moderately common in the open desert scrub at the base of the Sierra +del Carmen below 4800 feet. He said that the series of Black-throated +Sparrows from the Sierra del Carmen "resembles most the race _opuntia_ +of western Texas ... but shows some intergradation toward _grisea_ of +southern Coahuila and toward _A. b. bilineata_ of eastern Coahuila." He +remarked also that the specimen from Jardín del Sur, which Marsh and +Stevenson (1938:287) reported as _A. b. grisea_, was in extremely worn, +dirty summer plumage and contributed nothing reliable to racial +determination. + +*_Amphispiza bilineata grisea_ Nelson.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31665, from the north foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. +W General Cepeda), 6500 ft., April 25, 1953. + +_A. b. grisea_ is the subspecies of Black-throated Sparrow in southern +Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:208) saw this sparrow "frequently +on the arid plateau around Saltillo" and obtained specimens there that +were identified as _A. b. grisea_. Amadon and Phillips (1947:581) saw +individuals on August 8 and 28 that were feeding "fledged young near +Saltillo." The size of its wing (68.5 mm.), the slaty color of its +back, and the size (8 mm.) of the white spot on its lateral tail +feather suggest that No. 31665 is characteristic of _A. b. grisea_. The +size of the testes (4.5×3 mm.) of No. 31665 indicates that _A. b. +grisea_ may breed in southern Coahuila. + +*_Junco phaeonotus palliatus_ Ridgway.--_Specimens examined:_ total 3: +[Male] 35402 (skeleton only) from 13 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, +9345 ft., April 10, 1954; [Female] 33226 (skeleton only) from 13 mi. E +San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9950 ft., July 6, 1955; and [Male] 31633 +from Mesa de Tablas, 8600 ft., January 16, 1954, weight, 22 gms. + +In Coahuila the Mexican Junco seems to be common. Miller (1955a:177) +found it in the conifers of the upper Corte Madera drainage at 7500 +feet and up to 8800 feet on Loomis Peak in the Sierra del Carmen. Marsh +and Stevenson (1938:287) took an adult in Vivoras Canyon on August 14 +in the Sierra del Carmen. Sutton and Burleigh (1939a:46) found small +flocks at Diamante Pass in March. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:208-209) +noted _J. p. palliatus_ as a common bird of the mountain slopes above +an elevation of about 7000 feet in southeastern Coahuila, and obtained +specimens at Diamante Pass. Ridgway (1901:300) recorded _J. p. +phaeonotus_ from Sierra Encarnación. His record should be of _J. p. +palliatus_ as indicated by Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore +(1957:386). Dickerman saw Mexican Juncos in the Sierra de la Madera on +December 13, 1953. + +No. 31633 shows no sign of intergrading with _J. p. phaeonotus_ to the +south. The outermost rectrix of No. 31633 is wholly white; the second +rectrix is nearly as white. No. 31633 is paler than representatives of +_J. p. phaeonotus_ from the southern part of the Central Plateau of +México. + +_Spizella passerina arizonae_ Coues.--_Specimens examined:_ total 4: +[Male] 31110 from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., Texas, +in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952, weight, 10.7 gms. [Male] 31111 +and [Female] 31112 from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March +24, 1952, weights, 11.0, 11.7 gms.; and [Male] 31666 from the north +foot of Sierra Guadalupe (=10 mi. S, 5 mi. W General Cepeda), 6400 ft., +April 19, 1953, weight, 14.0 gms. + +The Chipping Sparrow is a common spring and possibly fall migrant in +Coahuila. Miller (1955a:177) noted small flocks from April 21 to 27 in +the Sierra del Carmen where specimens were taken. Burleigh and Lowery +(1942:209) indicated that _S. p. arizonae_ was "quite common and of +general distribution" at Saltillo and Diamante Pass and remarked that +specimens were taken at these localities in April. Amadon and Phillips +(1947:581) took two Chipping Sparrows "near Las Delicias on August 17." +Dickerman saw individuals in the Sierra del Pino on May 12, 1954, and +at San Marcos on May 4, 1954. Our specimens, which are typical +representatives of _S. p. arizonae_, are pale; the ground color of +their backs is grayish buff. + +_Spizella pallida_ (Swainson).--The Clay-colored Sparrow is a migrant +or winter visitant in Coahuila. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:209) saw +"large flocks of sparrows, mostly of this species, ... on frequent +occasions in the cultivated fields and orchards on the outskirts of +Saltillo." Four specimens were taken by Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. +cit._) on April 19 and 20 at Saltillo. + +_Spizella breweri breweri_ Cassin.--_Specimens examined:_ total 2: +[Female] 31115 from the Río Grande (=17 mi. S Dryden, Terrell Co., +Texas, in Coahuila), 600 ft., March 18, 1952, weight, 8.2 gms.; and +[Male] 31114 from 28 mi. S, 11 mi. E Boquillas, 2000 ft., March 12, +1952, weight, 9.7 gms. + +Brewer's Sparrow is probably a winter resident in much of Coahuila. +Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:389) recorded _S. b. +breweri_ from 25 mi. NW Monclova on November 20 and from 8 mi. S Cuatro +Ciénegas on November 15. The only definite records obtained by Burleigh +and Lowery (1942:209) of _S. b. breweri_ are those of a female and a +male taken "near Saltillo" on April 16 and 18. The size of the dorsal +area of sandy buff with narrow streakings of Nos. 31114-31115 suggests +_S. b. breweri_. + +_Spizella pusilla arenacea_ Chadbourne.--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31116, from 4 mi. W Hacienda La Mariposa, 2300 ft., March 24, +1952, weight, 13.1 gms. + +The Field Sparrow is an uncommon spring and probably fall migrant in +Coahuila. Other than No. 31116, _S. p. arenacea_ has only been recorded +from Sabinas in March, when three specimens were obtained (Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957:390). The coloration of No. 31116 +is much grayer and the black streaks on its back are much narrower than +on typical representatives of _S. p. pusilla_. + +**_Spizella wortheni wortheni_ Ridgway.--The single specimen of +Worthen's Sparrow obtained by Burleigh and Lowery (1942:209) "just +outside the limits of Saltillo on April 16" represents the only record +of occurrence of this species in Coahuila. + +**_Spizella atrogularis atrogularis_ (Cabanis).--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:391) remarked that the Black-chinned Sparrow +is a common resident of the Central Plateau from Durango and southern +Coahuila southward. Burleigh and Lowery (1942:212) noted the species +only at the foot of the mountains of southeastern Coahuila where, at +6000 feet, scattered pairs were found. Miller (1955a:177) observed a +male on April 23 on a slope at the mouth of Boquillas Canyon of the +Sierra del Carmen; he presumed it to be a transient. + +_Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys_ (Forster).--_Specimen examined:_ +one, [Male] 30243, from 1 mi. SW San Pedro de las Colonias, 3700 ft., +February 8, 1951. + +The White-crowned Sparrow is a fairly common migrant or winter visitant +in Coahuila. Miller, Friedman, Griscom, and Moore (1957:393) recorded +_Z. l. leucophrys_ from Sabinas on March 16 and February 23. Burleigh +and Lowery (1942:212) remarked that "small flocks of White-crowned +Sparrows were seen at infrequent intervals in thickets and stretches of +underbrush on the outskirts of Saltillo on April 18 and again on April +24 ... [and] near a small town some twenty miles west of Saltillo on +April 22." Specimens that Burleigh and Lowery (_loc. cit._) collected +"near Saltillo" were identified as _Z. l. leucophrys_. + +_Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii_ (Nuttall).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Male] 31117, from Sierra de la Encantada (=38 mi. S, 23 mi. E +Boquillas), 4400 ft., March 15, 1952. + +Miller (1955a:177) noted _Z. l. gambelii_ on April 27 at 4600 feet in +Boquillas wash in the Sierra del Carmen. Hellmayr (1938:568) listed _Z. +l. gambelii_ from Sabinas. + +_Zontrichia leucophrys oriantha_ Oberholser.--This subspecies has been +recorded from Sabinas on April 25 and Hipólito on November 5 (Miller, +Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957:393). + +_Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii_ (Audubon).--_Specimen examined:_ one, +[Female] 31595, from 20 mi. S Ocampo, 7000 ft., April 5, 1954, +measurements: wing, 58 mm.; tail, 50 mm.; weight, 12 gms. + +Lincoln's Sparrow seems to be a fairly common migrant or winter +visitant in Coahuila; _M. l. lincolnii_ is the common subspecies. +Burleigh and Lowery (1942:212) found this sparrow only in a grain field +situated between a small pond and a narrow stream on the outskirts of +Saltillo; the four specimens collected were identified as _M. l. +lincolnii_. No. 31595 was obtained in a pine-oak association. + +_Melospiza lincolnii alticola_ (Miller and McCabe).--Miller, Friedmann, +Griscom, and Moore (1957:398) listed _M. l. alticola_, which seems to +be uncommon in Coahuila, from Sabinas on March 14. + +_Melospiza lincolnii gracilis_ (Kittlitz).--Miller (1955a:177) took an +unsexed representative of _M. l. gracilis_ on April 7 in Carboneras +Canyon of the Sierra del Carmen at 6700 feet. This occurrence is at the +extreme eastern range of this subspecies. + +_Melospiza georgiana ericrypta_ Oberholser.--In Coahuila this +subspecies of the Swamp Sparrow has been recorded as a migrant or +winter visitant. Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore (1957:399) +recorded it from Sabinas on February 22 to March 8 and from 8 mi. S +Cuatro Ciénegas on November 4. + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +ALDRICH, J. W., and DUVALL, A. J. + 1955. Distribution of American gallinaceous game birds. U.S. Dept. + Int., Fish and Wildlife Ser., Circular 34:ii+30 pp. + +AMADON, D., and PHILLIPS, A. R. + 1947. Notes on Mexican birds. Auk, 64:576-581, October. + +AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST COMMITTEE + 1957. Check-list of North American birds. 5th ed. xiv+691 pp. + +BAIRD, S. F. + 1858. Reports of explorations and surveys for a railroad route from + the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. 9(pt. + II--Birds):lvi+1005 pp. + +BAKER, R. H. + 1956. Mammals of Coahuila, México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. + Hist., 9:125-335, June 15. + +BANGS, O. + 1898. Some new races of birds from eastern North America. Auk, + 15:173-183, April. + + 1925. The history and characters of _Vermivora crissalis_ + (Salvin and Godman). Auk, 42:251-253, April. + +BLAKE, E. R. + 1953. Birds of Mexico. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, xxx+644 pp. + +BRODKORB, P. + 1935. A new flycatcher from Texas. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. + Michigan, 306:1-3, January 30. + +BURLEIGH, T. D., and LOWERY, G. H., JR. + 1942. Notes on the birds of southeastern Coahuila. Occas. Papers Mus. + Zool., Louisiana State Univ., 12:185-212, March 4. + +CORY, C. B. + 1919. Catalogue of birds of the Americas. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. + (Publ. 203), Zool. Ser., 13 (Pt. II, no. 2):317-607, December + 31. + +CORY, C. B., and HELLMAYR, C. E. + 1927. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. + Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (Publ. 242), Zool. Ser., 13(Pt. V):vi+517 + pp., April 11. + +DAVIS, J. + 1951. Distribution and variation of the Brown Towhees. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 52:1-120, October 30. + +DIXON, K. L. + 1955. An ecological analysis of the interbreeding of Crested Titmice + in Texas. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 54:125-206, December 8. + +EVENDEN, F. G., JR. + 1952. Notes on Mexican bird distribution. Wilson Bull., 64:112-113, + June. + +FRIEDMANN, H. + 1950. The birds of North and Middle America. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. + 50(Pt. XI):xiv+793 pp. + +FRIEDMANN, H., GRISCOM, L., and MOORE, R. T. + 1950. Distributional check-list of the birds of Mexico, Pt. 1. + Pacific Coast Avifauna, 29:1-202, June 30. + +GOLDMAN, E. A. + 1951. Biological investigations in México. Smithsonian Miscel. Coll., + 115:xiv+476 pp., July 31. + +GOLDMAN, E. A., and MOORE, R. T. + 1946. The biotic provinces of Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:347-360, + February. + +GRINNELL, J. + 1909. A new cowbird of the genus _Molothrus_ with a note on the + probable genetic relationships of the North American forms. + Univ. California, Publ. Zool., 5:275-281, December 31. + +GRISCOM, L. + 1950. Distribution and origin of the birds of Mexico. Bull. Mus. + Comp. Zool., 103:341-382. + +HARDY, J. W., and DICKERMAN, R. W. + 1955. The taxonomic status of the Maroon-fronted Parrot. Condor, + 57:305-306, September-October. + +HELLMAYR, C. E. + 1929. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. + Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (Publ. 266), Zool. Ser., 13(Pt. + VI):vi+258 pp., November 14. + + 1934. Catalogue of birds of the Americas. _Ibid._ (Publ. 330), + Zool. Ser., 13(Pt. VII):vi+531 pp., November 15. + + 1935. _Ibid._ (Publ. 347), Zool. Ser., 13(Pt. VII):vi+541 pp., + September 16. + + 1937. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. + _Ibid._ (Publ. 381), Zool. Ser., 13(Pt. X):vi+228 pp., + April 12. + + 1938. _Ibid._ (Publ. 430), Zool. Ser., 13(Pt. XI):vi+662 pp., + December 31. + +HELLMAYR, C. E., and CONOVER, B. + 1942. Catalogue of birds of the Americas. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. + (Publ. 514), Zool. Ser., 13(Pt. I, no. 1):vi+635 pp., April 30. + +LOWERY, G. H. + 1938. A new grackle of the _Cassidix mexicanus_ group. Occas. + Papers Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ., 1:1-11, May 4. + +MARSH, E. G., JR., and STEVENSON, J. O. + 1938. Bird records from northern Coahuila. Auk, 55:286-287, April. + +MAYR, E. + 1946. History of the North American bird fauna. Wilson Bull., + 58:3-41, March. + +MERRIAM, C. H. + 1898. Life zones and crop zones of the United States. U.S. Dept. + Agric., Div. Biol. Surv., 10:1-79. + +MILLER, A. H. + 1931. Systematic revision and natural history of the American shrikes + (_Lanius_). Univ. California Publ. Zool., 38:11-242, + October 24. + + 1955a. The avifauna of the Sierra del Carmen of Coahuila, Mexico. + Condor, 57:154-178, May-June. + + 1955b. A hybrid woodpecker and its significance in speciation in the + genus _Dendrocopos_. Evolution, 9:317-321, September. + +MILLER, A. H., FRIEDMANN, H., GRISCOM, L., and MOORE, R. T. + 1957. Distributional check-list of the birds of Mexico, Pt. 2. + Pacific Coast Avifauna, 33:1-436, December 20. + +MOORE, R. T. + 1939. A review of the House Finches of the subgenus _Burrica_. + Condor, 41:177-205, September-October. + + 1941. Three new races in the genus Otus from central Mexico. Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 54:151-159, November 17. + + 1947. New species of parrot and race of quail from Mexico. Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 60:27-28, April 3. + +MULLER, C. H. + 1947. Vegetation and climate of Coahuila, Mexico. Madroño, 9:33-57, + April. + +OBERHOLSER, H. C. + 1902. A review of the larks of the genus _Otocoris_. Proc. U.S. + Nat. Mus., 24(1271):801-883, June 9. + + 1912. A revision of the forms of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker + (_Dryobates scalaris_ [Wagler]). Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., + 41(1847):139-159, May 20. + + 1919a. Distribution of a new Red-winged Blackbird from Texas. Wilson + Bull. 31:20-23, March. + + 1919b. The geographic races of _Hedymeles melanocephalus_ + Swainson. Auk, 36:408-416, July. + + 1921. A revision of the races of _Dendroica auduboni_. Ohio + Jour. Sci., 21:240-248, May. + +PACKARD, R. L. + 1957. Broad-winged Hawk in Coahuila. Wilson Bull., 69:370-371, + December. + +PHILLIPS, A. R. + 1950. The Great-tailed Grackles of the southwest. Condor, 52:78-81, + March. + +PITELKA, F. A. + 1948. Notes on the distribution and taxonomy of Mexican game birds. + Condor, 50:113-123, May. + +RIDGWAY, R. + 1901. The birds of North and Middle America. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. + 50(Pt. I):xxxii+715 pp., October 24. + + 1902. _Ibid._ (Pt. II):xx+834 pp., October 16. + + 1904. _Ibid._ (Pt. III):xx+801 pp., December 31. + + 1907. _Ibid._ (Pt. IV):xxii+973 pp., July 1. + + 1914. _Ibid._ (Pt. VI):xx+882 pp., April 8. + + 1916. _Ibid._ (Pt. VII):xiv+543 pp., May 5. + +RIDGWAY, R., and FRIEDMANN, H. + 1946. The birds of North and Middle America. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. + 50(Pt. X):xii+484 pp., December 18. + +SCLATER, P. L. + 1857. Review of the species of the South American subfamily + Tityrinae. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Pt. XXV, pp. 67-80. + +SELANDER, R. K., and BAKER, J. K. + 1957. The Cave Swallow in Texas. Condor, 59:345-363, + November-December. + +SIBLEY, C. G. + 1950. Species formation in the Red-eyed Towhees of Mexico. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 50:109-194, November 24. + +SUTTON, G. M., and BURLEIGH, T. D. + 1939a. A list of birds observed on the 1938 Semple Expedition to + northeastern Mexico. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Louisiana State + Univ., 3:15-46, April 5. + + 1939b. A new Screech Owl from Nuevo León. Auk, 56:174-175, April. + +VAN HOOSE, S. G. + 1955. Distributional and breeding records of some birds from + Coahuila. Wilson Bull., 67:302-303, December. + +VAN ROSSEM, A. J. + 1934. Notes on some types of North American birds. Trans. San Diego + Soc. Nat. Hist., 7:347-362, May 31. + +VAN TYNE, J., and SUTTON, G. M. + 1937. The birds of Brewster County, Texas. Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool., + Miscel. Publ., 37:1-115, August 24. + +WEBSTER, J. D., and ORR, R. T. + 1958. Variation in the Great Horned Owls of Middle America. Auk, + 75:134-142, April. + +WETMORE, A. + 1948. The Golden-fronted Woodpeckers of Texas and northern Mexico. + Wilson Bull., 60:185-186, September. + + +_Transmitted February 27, 1959._ + + + + + (Continued from inside of front cover) + + Vol. 8. 1. Life history and ecology of the five-lined skink, Eumeces + fasciatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 1-156, 26 figs. in + text. September 1, 1954. + + 2. Myology and serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae, a + taxonomic study. By William B. Stallcup. Pp. 157-211, 23 + figures in text, 4 tables. November 15, 1954. + + 3. An ecological study of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus + collaris). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 213-274, 10 figures in + text. February 10, 1956. + + 4. A field study of the Kansas ant-eating frog, Gastrophryne + olivacea. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 275-306, 9 figures in + text. February 10, 1956. + + 5. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. By Harrison B. + Tordoff. Pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text. March 10, 1956. + + 6. A population study of the prairie vole (Microtus + ochrogaster) in northeastern Kansas. By Edwin P. Martin. + Pp. 361-416, 19 figures in text. April 2, 1956. + + 7. Temperature responses in free-living amphibians and + reptiles of northeastern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. + 417-476, 10 figures in text, 6 tables. June 1, 1956. + + 8. Food of the crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, in + south-central Kansas. By Dwight Platt. Pp. 477-498, 4 + tables. June 8, 1956. + + 9. Ecological observations on the woodrat, Neotoma + floridana. By Henry S. Fitch and Dennis G. Rainey. Pp. + 499-533, 3 figures in text. June 12, 1956. + + 10. Eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana: Life history and + ecology. By Dennis G. Rainey. Pp. 535-646, 12 plates, 13 + figures in text. August 15, 1956. + + Index. Pp. 647-675. + + Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. + Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955. + + 2. Additional records and extensions of ranges of mammals + from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and + Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955. + + 3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern + Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. + 81-84. December 10, 1955. + + 4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus + pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. + 85-104, 2 figures in text. May 10, 1956. + + 5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. + 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956. + + 6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus + Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures + in text. May 19, 1956. + + 7. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. + 125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956. + + 8. Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus peninsulae, + with description of a new subspecies from North China. By + J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure in text, 1 + table. August 15, 1956. + + 9. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney + Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956. + + 10. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By Howard + J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957. + + 11. A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys) from + Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361. + January 21, 1957. + + 12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys + bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp. 363-387, + 7 figures in text. February 21, 1958. + + 13. New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By J. + Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958. + + 14. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19, + 1958. + + 15. New Subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central + America. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19, + 1958. + + 16. Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. + Pp. 405-414, 1 figure in text. May 20, 1959. + + 17. Distribution, variation, and relationships of the montane + vole, Microtus montanus. By Emil K. Urban. Pp. 415-511. + 12 figs. in text, 2 tables. August 1, 1959. + + More numbers will appear in volume 9. + + (Continued on outside of back cover) + + + (Continued from inside of back cover) + + Vol. 10. 1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By + Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 + figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956. + + 2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and + A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, + 1 figure. December 20, 1956. + + 3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural + History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. + McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text, 4 + tables. December 31, 1956. + + 4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie + vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. + 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December 19, 1957. + + 5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By + James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, pls. 9-10, 1 figure in text. + March 12, 1958. + + 6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By + Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures + in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958. + + More numbers will appear in volume 10. + + Vol. 11. 1. The systematic status of the colubrid snake, Leptodeira + discolor Günther. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-9, 4 + figs. July 14, 1958. + + 2. Natural history of the six-lined racerunner, + Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 11-62, + 9 figs., 9 tables. September 19, 1958. + + 3. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of + vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. By Henry + S. Fitch. Pp. 63-326, 6 plates, 24 figures in text, 3 + tables. December 12, 1958. + + 4. A new snake of the genus Geophis from Chihuahua, Mexico. + By John M. Legler. Pp. 327-334, 2 figures in text. + January 28, 1959. + + 5. A new tortoise, genus Gopherus, from north-central + Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 335-343, 2 plates. April + 24, 1959. + + 6. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties, Kansas. By + Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 345-400, 2 plates, 2 figures in + text, 10 tables. May 6, 1959. + + 7. Fishes of the Big Blue River Basin, Kansas. By W. L. + Minckley. Pp. 401-442, 2 plates, 4 figures in text, 5 + tables. May 8, 1959. + + 8. Birds from Coahuila, México. By Emil K. Urban. Pp. + 443-516. August 1, 1959. + + More numbers will appear in Volume 11. + + Vol. 12. 1. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis, + Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, 24 + figures in text, July 8, 1959. + + 2. The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence. By + Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text. + July 10, 1959. + + More numbers will appear in volume 12. + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Birds from Coahuila, Mexico, by Emil K. 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