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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and Objects of
+the Ku-Klux-Klan., by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and Objects of the Ku-Klux-Klan.
+       A Full Expose. By A Late Member
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 22, 2008 [EBook #26105]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OATHS, SIGNS OF KU-KLUX-KLAN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Gerard Arthus and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from scans of public domain material produced by
+Microsoft for their Live Search Books site.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    THE
+
+    K. K. K.
+
+    [Illustration: THE CONSECRATING BOWL.]
+
+    EXPOSED!
+
+    BY A MEMBER.
+
+
+
+
+    THE OATHS,
+    SIGNS, CEREMONIES AND OBJECTS
+    OF THE
+    KU-KLUX-KLAN.
+
+    A FULL EXPOSÉ.
+
+    BY A LATE MEMBER.
+
+    WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+    CLEVELAND.
+    1868.
+
+
+
+
+Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, in the Clerk's
+Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern
+District of Ohio.
+
+
+
+
+PERSONAL.
+
+
+It does not matter who is the writer of the following pages. If it did,
+no inducement likely to be offered, would tempt him to publish his name.
+He has no desire to be tracked out by the Brothers of the Southern
+Cross, and he knows too much of their deathless hatred and hound-like
+pertinacity, their numbers, and the ramifications of their organization,
+already encroaching on southern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, to
+carelessly take the slightest risk of anything of the kind.
+
+It is due to the public, however, that one who pretends to make an
+exposure like this, in which the whole nation is interested, should
+offer some plausible explanation of the means by which he became
+possessed of the information. For this explanation the reader is
+referred to the narrative following.
+
+As to the truthfulness of the exposure, the writer is content to leave
+its vindication to the events of the future, confident that so far as
+the workings of the K. K. K. are ever discovered, they will confirm the
+main facts as given here. Of course there are many minor points on which
+it is not likely there will ever be more positive testimony than that
+here given. This must be so from the nature of the case, as will plainly
+appear in the following pages.
+
+
+
+
+MY INITIATION.
+
+
+After the war, which had not benefited my purse extravagantly, I
+wandered off into the interior of Georgia, and finally engaged in
+business in one of the interior counties. I knew the southern people
+pretty well before the war, had been much among them, and was familiar
+with their habits, prejudices, etc. For my own convenience and safety,
+when I went into business I passed as a Kentuckian, and thereby
+avoided many personal and business annoyances. At first this was not
+particularly disagreeable, as no very decided opinions were expected
+while the country was still thoroughly under the national armies.
+Gradually, however, it became worse and worse, until at length, to
+keep up my pretensions, and save my business, I was compelled to
+profess the most ultra southern views and prejudices. I thought that
+there would never be further active opposition to the national
+authority, and so submitted to the situation, rather than lose what
+little I had by leaving it. To sell it for anything worth taking, was
+simply impossible in the state of the country. So much for the way I
+came to know what is about to be told.
+
+In the summer of 1867, one of my neighbors called one morning, and
+said that an important meeting was to come off that night, at a house
+about three miles from our town. Every good Southerner, he said, was
+interested, and he wanted me to go. Of course I had heard of
+organizations throughout the South, and knew from the manner of this
+man's talk, that something of the kind was in the wind now. I knew,
+too, that it would not do to disregard the appeal to "every good
+Southerner," and so I went with him.
+
+The meeting was not at any house, however. Half a mile from the house he
+had named, my escort turned his horse into a bridle-path, leading up
+into a wild, hilly district, and I followed, of course. A mile or so on
+this path, away from any habitation, my companion suddenly slackened his
+horse's pace, and proceeded very cautiously, bidding me be silent. In a
+few minutes I distinctly heard the click of a musket lock, as the piece
+was brought to a full cock. It was too dark to see anything. My
+companion carried an Enfield rifle, and instantly stopping his horse, he
+cocked his piece and pulled the trigger, almost without a pause. Of
+course I was somewhat alarmed and astonished; but before I could do more
+than stop my horse, my escort dismounted, handed me his reins, and
+whispering that I was to remain there, walked slowly forward toward the
+spot where I had heard the first click of the gun-lock. In a moment or
+so he returned as quietly, and we proceeded as silently as before. As we
+passed the spot where I supposed a sentinel to be standing, there was no
+one there! Whatever had been there had vanished, and as I turned to say
+something about it to my escort, I saw that he too had gone! It was
+another man riding by my side, his face covered partly by a
+handkerchief, drawn tightly across the nose. It was too dark in those
+woods to see much, but to the best of my knowledge I had never seen my
+new escort before. This operation was repeated twice within three
+quarters of a mile, and each time I was silently turned over to a new
+guard, whose face was partially covered, like that of the first.
+
+I was thoroughly alarmed, and more than half suspected that I had been
+tried and condemned beforehand, and was now being led away to be
+murdered. There was nothing to be done but to go on, for I was
+completely lost in the woods, and knew nothing of how soon I might
+stumble on a dozen enemies, if I should attempt to escape.
+
+Finally my guard halted in a dense thicket, and told me in a low tone to
+dismount and hitch my horse, while he did the same. Then he once more
+cocked his piece, and at the sound at least a score of gun-locks, in the
+hands of men all round us, but concealed in the darkness, were cocked
+and the triggers pulled, as I have described in the case of meeting the
+first sentinel. It was still as death when we halted, but I now heard
+horses which were hitched about us, so that I knew the whole party came
+there mounted. They began to come around us too, moving slowly, and as
+silently as possible, each man having his gun, and a handkerchief or
+something of the kind over his face. The man who brought me there spoke
+to several of the dimly-seen figures, but so low I could not hear. Then
+one stepped toward me, leaving the others standing in a circle about us.
+This was the captain of the band, and he at once proceeded to my
+initiation, not a word being spoken by any one but him, and the whole
+formula being of course repeated from memory, for the place was dark as
+night could make it. The following was the form, not half of which I
+could have remembered from hearing it at that time, but which has since
+become familiar by attendance at the initiations of others:
+
+CAPTAIN.--(Addressing me, the candidate for initiation.) "When a noble
+people are crushed by the servile minions of a tyrant, will they submit
+tamely and basely?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"No."
+
+CAPTAIN.--"When a noble cause is lost in the field, when its spotless
+banners are trailed in the dust by the base hordes of the oppressor,
+when appeal to the God of Battles is no longer possible, should the
+friends of that cause fold their arms in abject submission?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"No."
+
+CAPTAIN.--"When the homes of a noble people are devastated by fire and
+pillage, when their women are violated by a brutal soldiery, should that
+people mete out the same to the destroyers?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"Yes."
+
+CAPTAIN.--"When a brave people are trampled in the dust by tyrants, what
+is their remedy?"
+
+[The whole band answer this by cocking their pieces and snapping the
+hammers, and the Captain then interprets as follows:]
+
+"Silence, Darkness, and Cold Lead! Do you agree?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"Yes!"
+
+CAPTAIN.--"To be of us and not with us, is Treason, and the reward of
+Treason is DEATH! Every Southron belongs to us, by birth, by education,
+by the love of liberty inhaled with the balmy breezes of the sunny
+South, by the hatred of the northern clans imbibed with his mother's
+milk, by the inherent detestation of hypocrisy and the myriad social and
+political abominations of the North! You are of us, you must be with us!
+THE REWARD OF TREASON IS DEATH! You are prepared to take the oath."
+
+[The Captain here recites the following oath, the candidate repeating it
+after him:]
+
+"By all the loved memories of my native land, by all the hallowed
+associations of home and family, by the memory of friends and brothers
+slain, by the lurid flames of war and desolation spread over our happy
+homes by the Lincoln hordes, I swear that by day-light and darkness, at
+all times and on all occasions, THE STEEL SHALL PAY THE DEBT OF STEEL,
+THE LEAD SHALL RECOMPENSE FOR LEAD, THE SOUTHERN CROSS SHALL YET DEFY
+THE WORLD!"
+
+The Southern Cross in the order has a double significance. It represents
+the dagger of the assassin as well as the cross.
+
+The Captain then declares:
+
+"WELCOME THE NEW BROTHER OF THE SOUTHERN CROSS!"
+
+And thereupon the band make the challenging sign of the order, by
+cocking and snapping their gun-locks. The Captain then proposes the
+second oath, the candidate repeating it, as follows:
+
+"By southern homes despoiled and broken, by southern women outraged, by
+the lingering torments of northern prisons, by all the desolation
+brought on our people by famine, pestilence and sword, I swear that
+DESOLATION SHALL ANSWER DESOLATION, PESTILENCE SHALL PAY FOR PESTILENCE,
+UNTIL THE SOUTHERN CRESCENT SPAN THE CONTINENT, AND CARRY OVER THE NORTH
+THE FURIES THAT HAVE DESOLATED THE SOUTH."
+
+The Captain then declares again:
+
+"WELCOME THE NEW BROTHER OF THE SOUTHERN CRESCENT!"
+
+And the band respond as before.
+
+Then comes the third and final oath, as follows:
+
+"By all that is sacred, I swear to remember Jackson, and Johnston, and
+the thousands dead; the humiliation of Davis, and Lee, and Bragg, and
+Beauregard; the noble deeds of Southrons on many a gory field; and by
+the memory of all these, I swear to be TRUE TO THE LONE STAR OF THE
+SOUTH, TILL THESE AND ALL OUR WOES ARE A THOUSAND TIMES AVENGED!"
+
+The Captain again declares:
+
+"WELCOME THE NEW BROTHER OF THE LONE STAR OF THE SOUTH!"
+
+And the band respond as before.
+
+The Captain then spoke the following adjuration:
+
+"Let the heavens be lit with the lurid flames of worse than fratricidal
+war! Let the dagger, the bullet, the flames and the pestilence, smite
+every vulnerable point! Let the desolation of death reign in the
+Northern homes enriched by plunder of the South! Let the audacious
+minions of the tyrants in our country be met in silence and darkness,
+struck down by a power they see not! Remember the oath! The Crescent is
+broad enough to include all the enemies of the South! The Lone Star
+shines brightest in the darkness! The Dagger is the emblem of the silent
+work! Remember the oath! Bring the consecrating bowl."
+
+The last sentence was responded to by one of the band, and something
+like a bowl was put into my hands.
+
+"Dip your finger in the consecrating drink!" said the Captain.
+
+I did as directed, and the Captain then continued:
+
+"Now drink it to the dregs, to the enemies of the South!"
+
+I raised the bowl to my lips, and drank its contents. It was like
+nothing I had ever tasted before. It was sickening, yet I could not tell
+what it was! Instantly the band closed around us, standing two or three
+deep, and the Captain struck a match. Holding the little blazing stick
+to the hand I had dipped in the bowl, he bid me look.
+
+THE FINGER WAS STAINED AS WITH BLOOD!
+
+He then bid me look at the bowl.
+
+IT WAS A HUMAN SKULL!
+
+[Illustration: THE CONSECRATING BOWL.]
+
+
+
+
+MAKING A NEW COMPANY.
+
+
+Some weeks after my initiation, I was detailed with an older Brother, to
+attend to the formation of a new company in a neighboring county. As
+usual, the source of the order was unknown, except that it came from the
+captain of our band. The order and detail were announced by our captain,
+no comment made, and myself and comrade in the duty started next night,
+in obedience to the order, for the location of the new company, in the
+adjoining county. He knew the mode of procedure in these cases, and I
+left the direction of all to him. We reached the place in the morning,
+and did nothing during the day. At night, by his direction, I notified a
+well known citizen, in much the same manner I had been notified myself
+before initiation, and we started after dark, out of the town. My
+comrade, with another citizen, was with me. Reaching a lonely spot in
+the country, we turned our horses off the road into a wild tract, and
+being far from all habitations, at length stopped in the woods. Here we
+separated, I taking my man, and my comrade his, and going perhaps a
+quarter of a mile apart. We were both armed with Enfield rifles. The two
+men to be initiated on this occasion brought no arms with them. Had they
+done so they would have been required to lay them aside before the
+initiation commenced.
+
+The mode of initiation of these men, who were to form the nucleus of a
+new company, was substantially that already narrated, as experienced by
+myself, except, of course, that there was no attendant band, and the
+final ceremony of the Consecrating Drink was deferred till half a dozen
+others had been initiated, when it was administered to all at the same
+time.
+
+The instructions in the formation of a new band or Company, are to
+select two prominent citizens at first, as we did in this case, and
+after they are initiated they are used to bring in others, until the
+band is strong enough to do its own business. A special instruction to
+the Brothers detailed for the formation of a new band, is, that if the
+persons selected for initiation refuse any of the oaths, or falter in
+their devotion to the cause, they are to be killed on the spot. This is
+the reason why two Brothers are always sent together, and take but two
+for initiation at first, and they are required to be unarmed while the
+oaths are proposed. At no time are two persons initiated at the same
+place, even when the band numbers fifty or a hundred. There is but one
+fate for any one who refuses the oaths. He is never seen again. The
+Brothers of the Southern Cross visit on him the reward of
+traitors--Death!
+
+[Illustration: THE SIGN OF RECOGNITION.]
+
+
+
+
+THE K. K. K.
+
+
+The Order or Society commonly known as the Ku-Klux-Klan, has no such
+name among its members. That is an approximation in letters and sound to
+the challenging signal of the Order. For instance, when a Brother
+approaches the spot where a band is assembled, the sentinels, always
+concealed, challenge him by bringing their rifles to a full cock. That
+operation, as every one knows, produces two sounds or clicks, one when
+the hammer reaches the half cock, and the other when it comes to the
+full cock. These sounds or clicks are represented by "Ku-Klux." The
+"Klan" is the sound of the hammer on the nipple of the piece when the
+trigger is pulled, and the hammer snapped. Bringing the piece to full
+cock is the challenge, and the answer is given by the challenged party
+full-cocking his piece, and instantly pulling the trigger, snapping the
+hammer.
+
+The Society really has NO NAME! It is never spoken of by its members,
+among themselves, as the Ku-Klux-Klan, or by any other name. The three
+emblems, the Cross, the Crescent, and the Lone Star, are used in the
+oaths of initiation, and to bring the companies together; but they do
+not, either singly or together, give the order any name recognised among
+its members as the proper distinctive designation of the association.
+
+The Order has NO WRITTEN RECORDS. Not a line will ever be found of the
+official records of the Society, for it has none! No muster rolls can be
+produced, for there are none! No orders or communications are ever
+written, but on the contrary, every thing of the kind is strictly
+prohibited. The Brothers work in silence and in darkness! There are no
+witnesses against them but human witnesses, who are always liable to
+their vengeance as traitors! No tell-tale paper-and-ink witness will
+ever appear against them by their own acts!
+
+At the meetings of the oldest companies, the Brothers always appear with
+their faces partially covered. If the meeting is in a building of any
+kind, there is never a light to show the faces of those assembled; and
+if there be a fire, the Brothers keep away from its light as much as
+possible. Always, when practicable, the meetings are held in some
+wilderness, and no meeting is ventured upon for any general business,
+that requires the presence of more men than might accidentally meet,
+without the utmost precaution in the way of sentinels, etc.
+
+The organization includes fully officered companies, regiments and
+brigades. Of course every brother knows the officers of his own company,
+but that is all he is supposed to know. The commander of the company
+knows where his orders come from, and that is all he is expected to
+know. The matter is never discussed, but every one understands that the
+officers are men who have seen service in the late war, and are
+qualified for their positions. When a new company is organized, its
+officers are appointed by the commander of the regiment to which it is
+to belong, and the order of appointment is transmitted through the
+captain of a neighboring company, who details men to organize the new
+one.
+
+The orders for my company I knew came from Columbus, and that, of
+course, was the headquarters of the regiment to which I belonged. I
+never knew the name of our Colonel, but he was an old brigade commander
+in Longstreet's corps.
+
+<tb>
+
+[Illustration: THE SOUTHERN CROSS.]
+
+
+
+
+MODE OF RECOGNITION
+
+
+When a Brother desires to ascertain whether a stranger belongs regularly
+to the order, he must not pursue the inquiry in the presence of others.
+Engaging the stranger in conversation, the brother finally says:
+
+"I reckon you're a true Southerner?"
+
+If the stranger answers directly, "Yes," the Brother continues:
+
+"May be, then, you've been tested?"
+
+The word "tested" refers to the initiation of the order. If the stranger
+be also a Brother, he replies:
+
+"I know what is the work of Silence and Darkness."
+
+The Brother then with the right hand makes the sign of recognition, as
+given in the illustration, and the other responds by repeating the
+motion, and bringing the fore-finger and thumb together, the whole
+representing the hammer of a gun as it is cocked and snapped.
+
+The Brothers are cautioned against the use of these signs without cause,
+and no one is allowed to seek out members by the above means, merely for
+the gratification of curiosity.
+
+The sign of the Crescent is used for summoning meetings of the companies
+at irregular times, and when business of importance is to be attended to
+at once. In towns and hamlets this sign is made anywhere, so that it is
+likely to be seen on a fence, or sketched with a stick on a walk; and
+sometimes leaves torn in two, so that the halves resemble rude
+crescents, are dropped about where they will attract the attention of
+the Brothers, while no one else will notice them.
+
+It must be understood that the companies never meet to discuss any
+proposition. That is done without a general meeting, which is only
+called when some initiation is to take place, or when some action
+requiring the whole or part of the band has been decided on.
+
+A general rallying cry is provided for cases of emergency, as, for
+instance, if a party of Brothers were engaged in any expedition, and
+should encounter such resistance as to make aid necessary. The cry is:
+"THE CROSS! THE CROSS! THE CROSS!" I never knew this cry to be used, but
+when the time comes for active and extended operations in cities, it
+will be.
+
+
+
+
+THE WORK DONE.
+
+
+In the code of the Brothers of the Southern Cross, every loyal
+Southerner is a traitor, and every loyal Northerner is a born enemy.
+The command is to "smite every vulnerable point," and enough is
+published every week to show that "vulnerable points" are found every
+day, when the Brothers put an enemy out of the way. Details are made
+from the companies when the death of any person has been decided on.
+The precise time for the act is never given with the order--the
+Brothers wait the favorable moment for their work of Silence and
+Darkness. Always enough men are detailed to cover all possible
+contingences of ordinary resistance. When once detailed for such
+service, a Brother is never free until it is done, even if no
+opportunity occurs for months.
+
+Every State in the South has its perfect organization of these
+Brothers, and the order is yet in its infancy. Members are at work in
+the Northern border States, organizing among those who are Southern
+born, or who are known to side with the South against the North. This
+is the principal point where the "lurid flames" are to be brought to
+the aid of the South, though the Brothers have already been in every
+Northern city of any prominence and accessibility. The "pestilence"
+will go broadcast over the whole North; how, may be readily imagined
+from the events of the late war.
+
+Any favorable opportunity during the impeachment proceeding, or
+afterward, would see this slumbering volcano throughout the South
+burst forth with frightful violence. Impeachment, or the coming
+presidential election, will, it is calculated, furnish an opportunity
+when the national power will be so embarrassed as to allow the new
+outbreak to get head before it can be met.
+
+Let the people of the North be warned!
+
+
+
+
+THE GRAND SIGNAL.
+
+
+There is a central organization of the Order--a sort of Executive
+Council--composed of the commanders of districts, a district being
+usually a State. This executive body is called the Grand Council, and
+has no fixed place of meeting. It met once in Nashville, and the last
+time, in March, at Augusta, Ga. Two or three months ago there were but
+thirteen members of this Council, there being then no greater number of
+districts. New districts, however, are being constantly added.
+
+The sole business of the Council, so far, is to extend the organization,
+and watch for the grand crisis in national affairs, when the Brothers
+need no longer work in secret, and in fear of their necks. The order
+will strike simultaneously in a thousand places when the day comes, and
+will leap into light, an army completely organized. The signal for the
+grand strike at every point, is THE LONE STAR. When that emblem appears
+throughout the South, placarded in cities and towns, published in
+newspapers, carried everywhere by mail and telegraph and courier, the
+time for the open triumph of the Brothers will come within three days!
+Then will "the heavens be lit with the lurid flames of worse than
+fratricidal war!" It will be the day of doom for loyalty in the South,
+and many a Northern home will be put in mourning. Such is the plan.
+
+[Illustration: A BROTHER ON DUTY.]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and
+Objects of the Ku-Klux-Klan., by Anonymous
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OATHS, SIGNS OF KU-KLUX-KLAN ***
+
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and Objects of
+the Ku-Klux-Klan., by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and Objects of the Ku-Klux-Klan.
+       A Full Expose. By A Late Member
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 22, 2008 [EBook #26105]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OATHS, SIGNS OF KU-KLUX-KLAN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Gerard Arthus and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from scans of public domain material produced by
+Microsoft for their Live Search Books site.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="block">
+<p class="noi">Transcriber's Note:<br /><br />
+The original publication does not include a
+a table of contents.</p>
+<h3>CONTENTS</h3>
+<p class="noi"><a href="#personal">Personal</a><br />
+<a href="#my">My Initiation</a><br />
+<a href="#company">Making a New Company</a><br />
+<a href="#kkk">The K. K. K.</a><br />
+<a href="#recognition">Mode of Recognition</a><br />
+<a href="#work">The Work Done</a><br />
+<a href="#signal">The Grand Signal</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter border" style="width: 367px;">
+<img src="images/frontis.png" width="367" height="600"
+alt="Title Page: The K.K.K. Exposed by a Member" title="Title page with illustration of
+the Consecrating Bowl" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="tp"><span class="title">THE OATHS,</span><br />
+<span class="title">SIGNS, CEREMONIES AND OBJECTS</span><br />
+<span class="of">OF THE</span><br />
+<span class="titlem">KU-KLUX-KLAN.</span></p>
+<hr class="hr2" />
+<p class="tp"><span class="title">A FULL EXPOS&Eacute;.</span></p>
+<hr class="hr3" />
+<p class="tp2"><small>BY A LATE MEMBER.</small></p>
+<hr class="hr4" />
+<p class="tp"><span class="titles">WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.</span></p>
+<hr class="hr5" />
+<p class="center c">CLEVELAND,<br />
+1868.</p>
+
+<hr class="hr6" />
+
+<p class="noi center of">Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868,<br />
+in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for<br />
+the Northern District of Ohio.</p>
+
+<hr class="hr7" />
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>
+<a name="personal" id="personal"></a>PERSONAL.</h2>
+
+<hr class="hr2" />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">It</span> does not matter who is the writer of the following pages. If it did,
+no inducement likely to be offered, would tempt him to publish his name.
+He has no desire to be tracked out by the Brothers of the Southern
+Cross, and he knows too much of their deathless hatred and hound-like
+pertinacity, their numbers, and the ramifications of their organization,
+already encroaching on southern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, to
+carelessly take the slightest risk of anything of the kind.</p>
+
+<p>It is due to the public, however, that one who pretends to make an
+exposure like this, in which the whole nation is interested, should
+offer some plausible explanation of the means by which he became
+possessed of the information. For this explanation the reader is
+referred to the narrative following.</p>
+
+<p>As to the truthfulness of the exposure, the writer is content to leave
+its vindication to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> the events of the future, confident that so far as
+the workings of the K. K. K. are ever discovered, they will confirm the
+main facts as given here. Of course there are many minor points on which
+it is not likely there will ever be more positive testimony than that
+here given. This must be so from the nature of the case, as will plainly
+appear in the following pages.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>
+<a name="my" id="my"></a>MY INITIATION.</h2>
+
+<hr class="hr2" />
+
+<p>After the war, which had not benefited my purse extravagantly, I
+wandered off into the interior of Georgia, and finally engaged in
+business in one of the interior counties. I knew the southern people
+pretty well before the war, had been much among them, and was familiar
+with their habits, prejudices, etc. For my own convenience and safety,
+when I went into business I passed as a Kentuckian, and thereby avoided
+many personal and business annoyances. At first this was not
+particularly disagreeable, as no very decided opinions were expected
+while the country was still thoroughly under the national armies.
+Gradually, however, it became worse and worse, until at length, to keep
+up my pretensions, and save my business, I was compelled to profess the
+most ultra southern views and prejudices. I thought that there would
+never be further active opposition to the national authority, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> so
+submitted to the situation, rather than lose what little I had by
+leaving it. To sell it for anything worth taking, was simply impossible
+in the state of the country. So much for the way I came to know what is
+about to be told.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1867, one of my neighbors called one morning, and said
+that an important meeting was to come off that night, at a house about
+three miles from our town. Every good Southerner, he said, was
+interested, and he wanted me to go. Of course I had heard of
+organizations throughout the South, and knew from the manner of this
+man's talk, that something of the kind was in the wind now. I knew, too,
+that it would not do to disregard the appeal to "every good Southerner,"
+and so I went with him.</p>
+
+<p>The meeting was not at any house, however. Half a mile from the house he
+had named, my escort turned his horse into a bridle-path, leading up
+into a wild, hilly district, and I followed, of course. A mile or so on
+this path, away from any habitation, my companion suddenly slackened his
+horse's pace, and proceeded very cautiously, bidding me be silent. In a
+few minutes I distinctly heard the click of a musket lock, as the piece
+was brought to a full cock. It was too dark to see anything. My<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>
+companion carried an Enfield rifle, and instantly stopping his horse, he
+cocked his piece and pulled the trigger, almost without a pause. Of
+course I was somewhat alarmed and astonished; but before I could do more
+than stop my horse, my escort dismounted, handed me his reins, and
+whispering that I was to remain there, walked slowly forward toward the
+spot where I had heard the first click of the gun-lock. In a moment or
+so he returned as quietly, and we proceeded as silently as before. As we
+passed the spot where I supposed a sentinel to be standing, there was no
+one there! Whatever had been there had vanished, and as I turned to say
+something about it to my escort, I saw that he too had gone! It was
+another man riding by my side, his face covered partly by a
+handkerchief, drawn tightly across the nose. It was too dark in those
+woods to see much, but to the best of my knowledge I had never seen my
+new escort before. This operation was repeated twice within three
+quarters of a mile, and each time I was silently turned over to a new
+guard, whose face was partially covered, like that of the first.</p>
+
+<p>I was thoroughly alarmed, and more than half suspected that I had been
+tried and condemned beforehand, and was now being led<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> away to be
+murdered. There was nothing to be done but to go on, for I was
+completely lost in the woods, and knew nothing of how soon I might
+stumble on a dozen enemies, if I should attempt to escape.</p>
+
+<p>Finally my guard halted in a dense thicket, and told me in a low tone to
+dismount and hitch my horse, while he did the same. Then he once more
+cocked his piece, and at the sound at least a score of gun-locks, in the
+hands of men all round us, but concealed in the darkness, were cocked
+and the triggers pulled, as I have described in the case of meeting the
+first sentinel. It was still as death when we halted, but I now heard
+horses which were hitched about us, so that I knew the whole party came
+there mounted. They began to come around us too, moving slowly, and as
+silently as possible, each man having his gun, and a handkerchief or
+something of the kind over his face. The man who brought me there spoke
+to several of the dimly-seen figures, but so low I could not hear. Then
+one stepped toward me, leaving the others standing in a circle about us.
+This was the captain of the band, and he at once proceeded to my
+initiation, not a word being spoken by any one but him, and the whole
+formula being of course<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> repeated from memory, for the place was dark as
+night could make it. The following was the form, not half of which I
+could have remembered from hearing it at that time, but which has since
+become familiar by attendance at the initiations of others:</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Captain.</span>&mdash;(Addressing me, the candidate for initiation.) "When a noble
+people are crushed by the servile minions of a tyrant, will they submit
+tamely and basely?"</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Candidate.</span>&mdash;"No."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Captain.</span>&mdash;"When a noble cause is lost in the field, when its spotless
+banners are trailed in the dust by the base hordes of the oppressor,
+when appeal to the God of Battles is no longer possible, should the
+friends of that cause fold their arms in abject submission?"</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Candidate.</span>&mdash;"No."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Captain.</span>&mdash;"When the homes of a noble people are devastated by fire and
+pillage, when their women are violated by a brutal soldiery, should that
+people mete out the same to the destroyers?"</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Candidate.</span>&mdash;"Yes."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Captain.</span>&mdash;"When a brave people are trampled in the dust by tyrants, what
+is their remedy?"</p>
+
+<p>[The whole band answer this by cocking<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> their pieces and snapping the
+hammers, and the Captain then interprets as follows:]</p>
+
+<p>"Silence, Darkness, and Cold Lead! Do you agree?"</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Candidate.</span>&mdash;"Yes!"</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Captain.</span>&mdash;"To be of us and not with us, is Treason, and the reward of
+Treason is <span class="smcap">Death</span>! Every Southron belongs to us, by birth, by education,
+by the love of liberty inhaled with the balmy breezes of the sunny
+South, by the hatred of the northern clans imbibed with his mother's
+milk, by the inherent detestation of hypocrisy and the myriad social and
+political abominations of the North! You are of us, you must be with us!
+<span class="smcap">The reward of Treason is Death!</span> You are prepared to take the oath."</p>
+
+<p>[The Captain here recites the following oath, the candidate repeating it
+after him:]</p>
+
+<p>"By all the loved memories of my native land, by all the hallowed
+associations of home and family, by the memory of friends and brothers
+slain, by the lurid flames of war and desolation spread over our happy
+homes by the Lincoln hordes, I swear that by day-light and darkness, at
+all times and on all occasions, <span class="smcap">the steel shall pay the debt of steel,
+the lead shall recompense for lead, the Southern Cross shall yet defy
+the world</span>!"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Southern Cross in the order has a double significance. It represents
+the dagger of the assassin as well as the cross.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain then declares:</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Welcome the new Brother of the Southern Cross!</span>"</p>
+
+<p>And thereupon the band make the challenging sign of the order, by
+cocking and snapping their gun-locks. The Captain then proposes the
+second oath, the candidate repeating it, as follows:</p>
+
+<p>"By southern homes despoiled and broken, by southern women outraged, by
+the lingering torments of northern prisons, by all the desolation
+brought on our people by famine, pestilence and sword, I swear that
+<span class="smcap">desolation shall answer desolation, pestilence shall pay for pestilence,
+until the Southern Crescent span the continent, and carry over the North
+the furies that have desolated the South</span>."</p>
+
+<p>The Captain then declares again:</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Welcome the new Brother of the Southern Crescent!</span>"</p>
+
+<p>And the band respond as before.</p>
+
+<p>Then comes the third and final oath, as follows:</p>
+
+<p>"By all that is sacred, I swear to remember Jackson, and Johnston, and
+the thousands dead;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> the humiliation of Davis, and Lee, and Bragg, and
+Beauregard; the noble deeds of Southrons on many a gory field; and by
+the memory of all these, I swear to be <span class="smcap">true to the Lone Star of the
+South, till these and all our woes are a thousand times avenged!</span>"</p>
+
+<p>The Captain again declares:</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Welcome the new Brother of the Lone Star of the South!</span>"</p>
+
+<p>And the band respond as before.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain then spoke the following adjuration:</p>
+
+<p>"Let the heavens be lit with the lurid flames of worse than fratricidal
+war! Let the dagger, the bullet, the flames and the pestilence, smite
+every vulnerable point! Let the desolation of death reign in the
+Northern homes enriched by plunder of the South! Let the audacious
+minions of the tyrants in our country be met in silence and darkness,
+struck down by a power they see not! Remember the oath! The Crescent is
+broad enough to include all the enemies of the South! The Lone Star
+shines brightest in the darkness! The Dagger is the emblem of the silent
+work! Remember the oath! Bring the consecrating bowl."</p>
+
+<p>The last sentence was responded to by one of the band, and something
+like a bowl was put into my hands.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Dip your finger in the consecrating drink!" said the Captain.</p>
+
+<p>I did as directed, and the Captain then continued:</p>
+
+<p>"Now drink it to the dregs, to the enemies of the South!"</p>
+
+<p>I raised the bowl to my lips, and drank its contents. It was like
+nothing I had ever tasted before. It was sickening, yet I could not tell
+what it was! Instantly the band closed around us, standing two or three
+deep, and the Captain struck a match. Holding the little blazing stick
+to the hand I had dipped in the bowl, he bid me look.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The finger was stained as with blood!</span></p>
+
+<p>He then bid me look at the bowl.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">It was a human skull!</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 384px;">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+<img src="images/i15.png" width="384" height="314" alt="The Consecrating Bowl." title="" />
+<span class="caption">The Consecrating Bowl.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>
+<a name="company" id="company"></a>MAKING A NEW COMPANY.</h2>
+
+<hr class="hr2" />
+
+<p>Some weeks after my initiation, I was detailed with an older Brother, to
+attend to the formation of a new company in a neighboring county. As
+usual, the source of the order was unknown, except that it came from the
+captain of our band. The order and detail were announced by our captain,
+no comment made, and myself and comrade in the duty started next night,
+in obedience to the order, for the location of the new company, in the
+adjoining county. He knew the mode of procedure in these cases, and I
+left the direction of all to him. We reached the place in the morning,
+and did nothing during the day. At night, by his direction, I notified a
+well known citizen, in much the same manner I had been notified myself
+before initiation, and we started after dark, out of the town. My
+comrade, with another citizen, was with me. Reaching a lonely spot in
+the country, we turned our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> horses off the road into a wild tract, and
+being far from all habitations, at length stopped in the woods. Here we
+separated, I taking my man, and my comrade his, and going perhaps a
+quarter of a mile apart. We were both armed with Enfield rifles. The two
+men to be initiated on this occasion brought no arms with them. Had they
+done so they would have been required to lay them aside before the
+initiation commenced.</p>
+
+<p>The mode of initiation of these men, who were to form the nucleus of a
+new company, was substantially that already narrated, as experienced by
+myself, except, of course, that there was no attendant band, and the
+final ceremony of the Consecrating Drink was deferred till half a dozen
+others had been initiated, when it was administered to all at the same
+time.</p>
+
+<p>The instructions in the formation of a new band or Company, are to
+select two prominent citizens at first, as we did in this case, and
+after they are initiated they are used to bring in others, until the
+band is strong enough to do its own business. A special instruction to
+the Brothers detailed for the formation of a new band, is, that if the
+persons selected for initiation refuse any of the oaths, or falter in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>
+their devotion to the cause, they are to be killed on the spot. This is
+the reason why two Brothers are always sent together, and take but two
+for initiation at first, and they are required to be unarmed while the
+oaths are proposed. At no time are two persons initiated at the same
+place, even when the band numbers fifty or a hundred. There is but one
+fate for any one who refuses the oaths. He is never seen again. The
+Brothers of the Southern Cross visit on him the reward of
+traitors&mdash;Death!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>
+<img src="images/i19.png" width="400" height="468" alt="The Sign of Recognition." title="" />
+<span class="caption">The Sign of Recognition.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>
+<a name="kkk" id="kkk"></a>THE K. K. K.</h2>
+
+<hr class="hr2" />
+
+<p>The Order or Society commonly known as the Ku-Klux-Klan, has no such
+name among its members. That is an approximation in letters and sound to
+the challenging signal of the Order. For instance, when a Brother
+approaches the spot where a band is assembled, the sentinels, always
+concealed, challenge him by bringing their rifles to a full cock. That
+operation, as every one knows, produces two sounds or clicks, one when
+the hammer reaches the half cock, and the other when it comes to the
+full cock. These sounds or clicks are represented by "Ku-Klux." The
+"Klan" is the sound of the hammer on the nipple of the piece when the
+trigger is pulled, and the hammer snapped. Bringing the piece to full
+cock is the challenge, and the answer is given by the challenged party
+full-cocking his piece,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> and instantly pulling the trigger, snapping the
+hammer.</p>
+
+<p>The Society really has <span class="smcap">no name</span>! It is never spoken of by its members,
+among themselves, as the Ku-Klux-Klan, or by any other name. The three
+emblems, the Cross, the Crescent, and the Lone Star, are used in the
+oaths of initiation, and to bring the companies together; but they do
+not, either singly or together, give the order any name recognised among
+its members as the proper distinctive designation of the association.</p>
+
+<p>The Order has <span class="smcap">no written records</span>. Not a line will ever be found of the
+official records of the Society, for it has none! No muster rolls can be
+produced, for there are none! No orders or communications are ever
+written, but on the contrary, every thing of the kind is strictly
+prohibited. The Brothers work in silence and in darkness! There are no
+witnesses against them but human witnesses, who are always liable to
+their vengeance as traitors! No tell-tale paper-and-ink witness will
+ever appear against them by their own acts!</p>
+
+<p>At the meetings of the oldest companies, the Brothers always appear with
+their faces partially covered. If the meeting is in a building<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> of any
+kind, there is never a light to show the faces of those assembled; and
+if there be a fire, the Brothers keep away from its light as much as
+possible. Always, when practicable, the meetings are held in some
+wilderness, and no meeting is ventured upon for any general business,
+that requires the presence of more men than might accidentally meet,
+without the utmost precaution in the way of sentinels, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The organization includes fully officered companies, regiments and
+brigades. Of course every brother knows the officers of his own company,
+but that is all he is supposed to know. The commander of the company
+knows where his orders come from, and that is all he is expected to
+know. The matter is never discussed, but every one understands that the
+officers are men who have seen service in the late war, and are
+qualified for their positions. When a new company is organized, its
+officers are appointed by the commander of the regiment to which it is
+to belong, and the order of appointment is transmitted through the
+captain of a neighboring company, who details men to organize the new
+one.</p>
+
+<p>The orders for my company I knew came from Columbus, and that, of
+course, was the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> headquarters of the regiment to which I belonged. I
+never knew the name of our Colonel, but he was an old brigade commander
+in Longstreet's corps.</p>
+
+<hr class="hr3" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 158px;">
+<img src="images/i23.png" width="158" height="394" alt="The Southern Cross." title="" />
+<span class="caption">The Southern Cross.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+<a name="recognition" id="recognition"></a>MODE OF RECOGNITION</h2>
+
+<hr class="hr2" />
+
+<p>When a Brother desires to ascertain whether a stranger belongs regularly
+to the order, he must not pursue the inquiry in the presence of others.
+Engaging the stranger in conversation, the brother finally says:</p>
+
+<p>"I reckon you're a true Southerner?"</p>
+
+<p>If the stranger answers directly, "Yes," the Brother continues:</p>
+
+<p>"May be, then, you've been tested?"</p>
+
+<p>The word "tested" refers to the initiation of the order. If the stranger
+be also a Brother, he replies:</p>
+
+<p>"I know what is the work of Silence and Darkness."</p>
+
+<p>The Brother then with the right hand makes the sign of recognition, as
+given in the illustration, and the other responds by repeating the
+motion, and bringing the fore-finger and thumb together, the whole
+representing the hammer of a gun as it is cocked and snapped.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Brothers are cautioned against the use of these signs without cause,
+and no one is allowed to seek out members by the above means, merely for
+the gratification of curiosity.</p>
+
+<p>The sign of the Crescent is used for summoning meetings of the companies
+at irregular times, and when business of importance is to be attended to
+at once. In towns and hamlets this sign is made anywhere, so that it is
+likely to be seen on a fence, or sketched with a stick on a walk; and
+sometimes leaves torn in two, so that the halves resemble rude
+crescents, are dropped about where they will attract the attention of
+the Brothers, while no one else will notice them.</p>
+
+<p>It must be understood that the companies never meet to discuss any
+proposition. That is done without a general meeting, which is only
+called when some initiation is to take place, or when some action
+requiring the whole or part of the band has been decided on.</p>
+
+<p>A general rallying cry is provided for cases of emergency, as, for
+instance, if a party of Brothers were engaged in any expedition, and
+should encounter such resistance as to make aid necessary. The cry is:
+"<span class="smcap">The Cross!</span> <span class="smcap">The Cross!</span> <span class="smcap">The Cross!</span>" I never knew this cry to be used, but
+when the time comes for active and extended operations in cities, it
+will be.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>
+<a name="work" id="work"></a>THE WORK DONE.</h2>
+
+<hr class="hr2" />
+
+<p>In the code of the Brothers of the Southern Cross, every loyal
+Southerner is a traitor, and every loyal Northerner is a born enemy. The
+command is to "smite every vulnerable point," and enough is published
+every week to show that "vulnerable points" are found every day, when
+the Brothers put an enemy out of the way. Details are made from the
+companies when the death of any person has been decided on. The precise
+time for the act is never given with the order&mdash;the Brothers wait the
+favorable moment for their work of Silence and Darkness. Always enough
+men are detailed to cover all possible contingences of ordinary
+resistance. When once detailed for such service, a Brother is never free
+until it is done, even if no opportunity occurs for months.</p>
+
+<p>Every State in the South has its perfect organization of these Brothers,
+and the order is yet in its infancy. Members are at work in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> the
+Northern border States, organizing among those who are Southern born, or
+who are known to side with the South against the North. This is the
+principal point where the "lurid flames" are to be brought to the aid of
+the South, though the Brothers have already been in every Northern city
+of any prominence and accessibility. The "pestilence" will go broadcast
+over the whole North; how, may be readily imagined from the events of
+the late war.</p>
+
+<p>Any favorable opportunity during the impeachment proceeding, or
+afterward, would see this slumbering volcano throughout the South burst
+forth with frightful violence. Impeachment, or the coming presidential
+election, will, it is calculated, furnish an opportunity when the
+national power will be so embarrassed as to allow the new outbreak to
+get head before it can be met.</p>
+
+<p>Let the people of the North be warned!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>
+<a name="signal" id="signal"></a>THE GRAND SIGNAL.</h2>
+
+<hr class="hr2" />
+
+<p>There is a central organization of the Order&mdash;a sort of Executive
+Council&mdash;composed of the commanders of districts, a district being
+usually a State. This executive body is called the Grand Council, and
+has no fixed place of meeting. It met once in Nashville, and the last
+time, in March, at Augusta, Ga. Two or three months ago there were but
+thirteen members of this Council, there being then no greater number of
+districts. New districts, however, are being constantly added.</p>
+
+<p>The sole business of the Council, so far, is to extend the organization,
+and watch for the grand crisis in national affairs, when the Brothers
+need no longer work in secret, and in fear of their necks. The order
+will strike simultaneously in a thousand places when the day comes, and
+will leap into light, an army completely organized. The signal for the
+grand strike at every point, is <span class="smcap">The Lone Star</span>. When<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> that emblem appears
+throughout the South, placarded in cities and towns, published in
+newspapers, carried everywhere by mail and telegraph and courier, the
+time for the open triumph of the Brothers will come within three days!
+Then will "the heavens be lit with the lurid flames of worse than
+fratricidal war!" It will be the day of doom for loyalty in the South,
+and many a Northern home will be put in mourning. Such is the plan.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 383px;">
+<img src="images/i39.png" width="383" height="372" alt="A Brother on duty." title="" />
+<span class="caption smcap">A Brother on Duty.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and
+Objects of the Ku-Klux-Klan., by Anonymous
+
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+</body>
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@@ -0,0 +1,906 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and Objects of
+the Ku-Klux-Klan., by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and Objects of the Ku-Klux-Klan.
+       A Full Expose. By A Late Member
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: July 22, 2008 [EBook #26105]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OATHS, SIGNS OF KU-KLUX-KLAN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Gerard Arthus and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from scans of public domain material produced by
+Microsoft for their Live Search Books site.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    THE
+
+    K. K. K.
+
+    [Illustration: THE CONSECRATING BOWL.]
+
+    EXPOSED!
+
+    BY A MEMBER.
+
+
+
+
+    THE OATHS,
+    SIGNS, CEREMONIES AND OBJECTS
+    OF THE
+    KU-KLUX-KLAN.
+
+    A FULL EXPOSE.
+
+    BY A LATE MEMBER.
+
+    WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+    CLEVELAND.
+    1868.
+
+
+
+
+Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, in the Clerk's
+Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern
+District of Ohio.
+
+
+
+
+PERSONAL.
+
+
+It does not matter who is the writer of the following pages. If it did,
+no inducement likely to be offered, would tempt him to publish his name.
+He has no desire to be tracked out by the Brothers of the Southern
+Cross, and he knows too much of their deathless hatred and hound-like
+pertinacity, their numbers, and the ramifications of their organization,
+already encroaching on southern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, to
+carelessly take the slightest risk of anything of the kind.
+
+It is due to the public, however, that one who pretends to make an
+exposure like this, in which the whole nation is interested, should
+offer some plausible explanation of the means by which he became
+possessed of the information. For this explanation the reader is
+referred to the narrative following.
+
+As to the truthfulness of the exposure, the writer is content to leave
+its vindication to the events of the future, confident that so far as
+the workings of the K. K. K. are ever discovered, they will confirm the
+main facts as given here. Of course there are many minor points on which
+it is not likely there will ever be more positive testimony than that
+here given. This must be so from the nature of the case, as will plainly
+appear in the following pages.
+
+
+
+
+MY INITIATION.
+
+
+After the war, which had not benefited my purse extravagantly, I
+wandered off into the interior of Georgia, and finally engaged in
+business in one of the interior counties. I knew the southern people
+pretty well before the war, had been much among them, and was familiar
+with their habits, prejudices, etc. For my own convenience and safety,
+when I went into business I passed as a Kentuckian, and thereby
+avoided many personal and business annoyances. At first this was not
+particularly disagreeable, as no very decided opinions were expected
+while the country was still thoroughly under the national armies.
+Gradually, however, it became worse and worse, until at length, to
+keep up my pretensions, and save my business, I was compelled to
+profess the most ultra southern views and prejudices. I thought that
+there would never be further active opposition to the national
+authority, and so submitted to the situation, rather than lose what
+little I had by leaving it. To sell it for anything worth taking, was
+simply impossible in the state of the country. So much for the way I
+came to know what is about to be told.
+
+In the summer of 1867, one of my neighbors called one morning, and
+said that an important meeting was to come off that night, at a house
+about three miles from our town. Every good Southerner, he said, was
+interested, and he wanted me to go. Of course I had heard of
+organizations throughout the South, and knew from the manner of this
+man's talk, that something of the kind was in the wind now. I knew,
+too, that it would not do to disregard the appeal to "every good
+Southerner," and so I went with him.
+
+The meeting was not at any house, however. Half a mile from the house he
+had named, my escort turned his horse into a bridle-path, leading up
+into a wild, hilly district, and I followed, of course. A mile or so on
+this path, away from any habitation, my companion suddenly slackened his
+horse's pace, and proceeded very cautiously, bidding me be silent. In a
+few minutes I distinctly heard the click of a musket lock, as the piece
+was brought to a full cock. It was too dark to see anything. My
+companion carried an Enfield rifle, and instantly stopping his horse, he
+cocked his piece and pulled the trigger, almost without a pause. Of
+course I was somewhat alarmed and astonished; but before I could do more
+than stop my horse, my escort dismounted, handed me his reins, and
+whispering that I was to remain there, walked slowly forward toward the
+spot where I had heard the first click of the gun-lock. In a moment or
+so he returned as quietly, and we proceeded as silently as before. As we
+passed the spot where I supposed a sentinel to be standing, there was no
+one there! Whatever had been there had vanished, and as I turned to say
+something about it to my escort, I saw that he too had gone! It was
+another man riding by my side, his face covered partly by a
+handkerchief, drawn tightly across the nose. It was too dark in those
+woods to see much, but to the best of my knowledge I had never seen my
+new escort before. This operation was repeated twice within three
+quarters of a mile, and each time I was silently turned over to a new
+guard, whose face was partially covered, like that of the first.
+
+I was thoroughly alarmed, and more than half suspected that I had been
+tried and condemned beforehand, and was now being led away to be
+murdered. There was nothing to be done but to go on, for I was
+completely lost in the woods, and knew nothing of how soon I might
+stumble on a dozen enemies, if I should attempt to escape.
+
+Finally my guard halted in a dense thicket, and told me in a low tone to
+dismount and hitch my horse, while he did the same. Then he once more
+cocked his piece, and at the sound at least a score of gun-locks, in the
+hands of men all round us, but concealed in the darkness, were cocked
+and the triggers pulled, as I have described in the case of meeting the
+first sentinel. It was still as death when we halted, but I now heard
+horses which were hitched about us, so that I knew the whole party came
+there mounted. They began to come around us too, moving slowly, and as
+silently as possible, each man having his gun, and a handkerchief or
+something of the kind over his face. The man who brought me there spoke
+to several of the dimly-seen figures, but so low I could not hear. Then
+one stepped toward me, leaving the others standing in a circle about us.
+This was the captain of the band, and he at once proceeded to my
+initiation, not a word being spoken by any one but him, and the whole
+formula being of course repeated from memory, for the place was dark as
+night could make it. The following was the form, not half of which I
+could have remembered from hearing it at that time, but which has since
+become familiar by attendance at the initiations of others:
+
+CAPTAIN.--(Addressing me, the candidate for initiation.) "When a noble
+people are crushed by the servile minions of a tyrant, will they submit
+tamely and basely?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"No."
+
+CAPTAIN.--"When a noble cause is lost in the field, when its spotless
+banners are trailed in the dust by the base hordes of the oppressor,
+when appeal to the God of Battles is no longer possible, should the
+friends of that cause fold their arms in abject submission?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"No."
+
+CAPTAIN.--"When the homes of a noble people are devastated by fire and
+pillage, when their women are violated by a brutal soldiery, should that
+people mete out the same to the destroyers?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"Yes."
+
+CAPTAIN.--"When a brave people are trampled in the dust by tyrants, what
+is their remedy?"
+
+[The whole band answer this by cocking their pieces and snapping the
+hammers, and the Captain then interprets as follows:]
+
+"Silence, Darkness, and Cold Lead! Do you agree?"
+
+CANDIDATE.--"Yes!"
+
+CAPTAIN.--"To be of us and not with us, is Treason, and the reward of
+Treason is DEATH! Every Southron belongs to us, by birth, by education,
+by the love of liberty inhaled with the balmy breezes of the sunny
+South, by the hatred of the northern clans imbibed with his mother's
+milk, by the inherent detestation of hypocrisy and the myriad social and
+political abominations of the North! You are of us, you must be with us!
+THE REWARD OF TREASON IS DEATH! You are prepared to take the oath."
+
+[The Captain here recites the following oath, the candidate repeating it
+after him:]
+
+"By all the loved memories of my native land, by all the hallowed
+associations of home and family, by the memory of friends and brothers
+slain, by the lurid flames of war and desolation spread over our happy
+homes by the Lincoln hordes, I swear that by day-light and darkness, at
+all times and on all occasions, THE STEEL SHALL PAY THE DEBT OF STEEL,
+THE LEAD SHALL RECOMPENSE FOR LEAD, THE SOUTHERN CROSS SHALL YET DEFY
+THE WORLD!"
+
+The Southern Cross in the order has a double significance. It represents
+the dagger of the assassin as well as the cross.
+
+The Captain then declares:
+
+"WELCOME THE NEW BROTHER OF THE SOUTHERN CROSS!"
+
+And thereupon the band make the challenging sign of the order, by
+cocking and snapping their gun-locks. The Captain then proposes the
+second oath, the candidate repeating it, as follows:
+
+"By southern homes despoiled and broken, by southern women outraged, by
+the lingering torments of northern prisons, by all the desolation
+brought on our people by famine, pestilence and sword, I swear that
+DESOLATION SHALL ANSWER DESOLATION, PESTILENCE SHALL PAY FOR PESTILENCE,
+UNTIL THE SOUTHERN CRESCENT SPAN THE CONTINENT, AND CARRY OVER THE NORTH
+THE FURIES THAT HAVE DESOLATED THE SOUTH."
+
+The Captain then declares again:
+
+"WELCOME THE NEW BROTHER OF THE SOUTHERN CRESCENT!"
+
+And the band respond as before.
+
+Then comes the third and final oath, as follows:
+
+"By all that is sacred, I swear to remember Jackson, and Johnston, and
+the thousands dead; the humiliation of Davis, and Lee, and Bragg, and
+Beauregard; the noble deeds of Southrons on many a gory field; and by
+the memory of all these, I swear to be TRUE TO THE LONE STAR OF THE
+SOUTH, TILL THESE AND ALL OUR WOES ARE A THOUSAND TIMES AVENGED!"
+
+The Captain again declares:
+
+"WELCOME THE NEW BROTHER OF THE LONE STAR OF THE SOUTH!"
+
+And the band respond as before.
+
+The Captain then spoke the following adjuration:
+
+"Let the heavens be lit with the lurid flames of worse than fratricidal
+war! Let the dagger, the bullet, the flames and the pestilence, smite
+every vulnerable point! Let the desolation of death reign in the
+Northern homes enriched by plunder of the South! Let the audacious
+minions of the tyrants in our country be met in silence and darkness,
+struck down by a power they see not! Remember the oath! The Crescent is
+broad enough to include all the enemies of the South! The Lone Star
+shines brightest in the darkness! The Dagger is the emblem of the silent
+work! Remember the oath! Bring the consecrating bowl."
+
+The last sentence was responded to by one of the band, and something
+like a bowl was put into my hands.
+
+"Dip your finger in the consecrating drink!" said the Captain.
+
+I did as directed, and the Captain then continued:
+
+"Now drink it to the dregs, to the enemies of the South!"
+
+I raised the bowl to my lips, and drank its contents. It was like
+nothing I had ever tasted before. It was sickening, yet I could not tell
+what it was! Instantly the band closed around us, standing two or three
+deep, and the Captain struck a match. Holding the little blazing stick
+to the hand I had dipped in the bowl, he bid me look.
+
+THE FINGER WAS STAINED AS WITH BLOOD!
+
+He then bid me look at the bowl.
+
+IT WAS A HUMAN SKULL!
+
+[Illustration: THE CONSECRATING BOWL.]
+
+
+
+
+MAKING A NEW COMPANY.
+
+
+Some weeks after my initiation, I was detailed with an older Brother, to
+attend to the formation of a new company in a neighboring county. As
+usual, the source of the order was unknown, except that it came from the
+captain of our band. The order and detail were announced by our captain,
+no comment made, and myself and comrade in the duty started next night,
+in obedience to the order, for the location of the new company, in the
+adjoining county. He knew the mode of procedure in these cases, and I
+left the direction of all to him. We reached the place in the morning,
+and did nothing during the day. At night, by his direction, I notified a
+well known citizen, in much the same manner I had been notified myself
+before initiation, and we started after dark, out of the town. My
+comrade, with another citizen, was with me. Reaching a lonely spot in
+the country, we turned our horses off the road into a wild tract, and
+being far from all habitations, at length stopped in the woods. Here we
+separated, I taking my man, and my comrade his, and going perhaps a
+quarter of a mile apart. We were both armed with Enfield rifles. The two
+men to be initiated on this occasion brought no arms with them. Had they
+done so they would have been required to lay them aside before the
+initiation commenced.
+
+The mode of initiation of these men, who were to form the nucleus of a
+new company, was substantially that already narrated, as experienced by
+myself, except, of course, that there was no attendant band, and the
+final ceremony of the Consecrating Drink was deferred till half a dozen
+others had been initiated, when it was administered to all at the same
+time.
+
+The instructions in the formation of a new band or Company, are to
+select two prominent citizens at first, as we did in this case, and
+after they are initiated they are used to bring in others, until the
+band is strong enough to do its own business. A special instruction to
+the Brothers detailed for the formation of a new band, is, that if the
+persons selected for initiation refuse any of the oaths, or falter in
+their devotion to the cause, they are to be killed on the spot. This is
+the reason why two Brothers are always sent together, and take but two
+for initiation at first, and they are required to be unarmed while the
+oaths are proposed. At no time are two persons initiated at the same
+place, even when the band numbers fifty or a hundred. There is but one
+fate for any one who refuses the oaths. He is never seen again. The
+Brothers of the Southern Cross visit on him the reward of
+traitors--Death!
+
+[Illustration: THE SIGN OF RECOGNITION.]
+
+
+
+
+THE K. K. K.
+
+
+The Order or Society commonly known as the Ku-Klux-Klan, has no such
+name among its members. That is an approximation in letters and sound to
+the challenging signal of the Order. For instance, when a Brother
+approaches the spot where a band is assembled, the sentinels, always
+concealed, challenge him by bringing their rifles to a full cock. That
+operation, as every one knows, produces two sounds or clicks, one when
+the hammer reaches the half cock, and the other when it comes to the
+full cock. These sounds or clicks are represented by "Ku-Klux." The
+"Klan" is the sound of the hammer on the nipple of the piece when the
+trigger is pulled, and the hammer snapped. Bringing the piece to full
+cock is the challenge, and the answer is given by the challenged party
+full-cocking his piece, and instantly pulling the trigger, snapping the
+hammer.
+
+The Society really has NO NAME! It is never spoken of by its members,
+among themselves, as the Ku-Klux-Klan, or by any other name. The three
+emblems, the Cross, the Crescent, and the Lone Star, are used in the
+oaths of initiation, and to bring the companies together; but they do
+not, either singly or together, give the order any name recognised among
+its members as the proper distinctive designation of the association.
+
+The Order has NO WRITTEN RECORDS. Not a line will ever be found of the
+official records of the Society, for it has none! No muster rolls can be
+produced, for there are none! No orders or communications are ever
+written, but on the contrary, every thing of the kind is strictly
+prohibited. The Brothers work in silence and in darkness! There are no
+witnesses against them but human witnesses, who are always liable to
+their vengeance as traitors! No tell-tale paper-and-ink witness will
+ever appear against them by their own acts!
+
+At the meetings of the oldest companies, the Brothers always appear with
+their faces partially covered. If the meeting is in a building of any
+kind, there is never a light to show the faces of those assembled; and
+if there be a fire, the Brothers keep away from its light as much as
+possible. Always, when practicable, the meetings are held in some
+wilderness, and no meeting is ventured upon for any general business,
+that requires the presence of more men than might accidentally meet,
+without the utmost precaution in the way of sentinels, etc.
+
+The organization includes fully officered companies, regiments and
+brigades. Of course every brother knows the officers of his own company,
+but that is all he is supposed to know. The commander of the company
+knows where his orders come from, and that is all he is expected to
+know. The matter is never discussed, but every one understands that the
+officers are men who have seen service in the late war, and are
+qualified for their positions. When a new company is organized, its
+officers are appointed by the commander of the regiment to which it is
+to belong, and the order of appointment is transmitted through the
+captain of a neighboring company, who details men to organize the new
+one.
+
+The orders for my company I knew came from Columbus, and that, of
+course, was the headquarters of the regiment to which I belonged. I
+never knew the name of our Colonel, but he was an old brigade commander
+in Longstreet's corps.
+
+<tb>
+
+[Illustration: THE SOUTHERN CROSS.]
+
+
+
+
+MODE OF RECOGNITION
+
+
+When a Brother desires to ascertain whether a stranger belongs regularly
+to the order, he must not pursue the inquiry in the presence of others.
+Engaging the stranger in conversation, the brother finally says:
+
+"I reckon you're a true Southerner?"
+
+If the stranger answers directly, "Yes," the Brother continues:
+
+"May be, then, you've been tested?"
+
+The word "tested" refers to the initiation of the order. If the stranger
+be also a Brother, he replies:
+
+"I know what is the work of Silence and Darkness."
+
+The Brother then with the right hand makes the sign of recognition, as
+given in the illustration, and the other responds by repeating the
+motion, and bringing the fore-finger and thumb together, the whole
+representing the hammer of a gun as it is cocked and snapped.
+
+The Brothers are cautioned against the use of these signs without cause,
+and no one is allowed to seek out members by the above means, merely for
+the gratification of curiosity.
+
+The sign of the Crescent is used for summoning meetings of the companies
+at irregular times, and when business of importance is to be attended to
+at once. In towns and hamlets this sign is made anywhere, so that it is
+likely to be seen on a fence, or sketched with a stick on a walk; and
+sometimes leaves torn in two, so that the halves resemble rude
+crescents, are dropped about where they will attract the attention of
+the Brothers, while no one else will notice them.
+
+It must be understood that the companies never meet to discuss any
+proposition. That is done without a general meeting, which is only
+called when some initiation is to take place, or when some action
+requiring the whole or part of the band has been decided on.
+
+A general rallying cry is provided for cases of emergency, as, for
+instance, if a party of Brothers were engaged in any expedition, and
+should encounter such resistance as to make aid necessary. The cry is:
+"THE CROSS! THE CROSS! THE CROSS!" I never knew this cry to be used, but
+when the time comes for active and extended operations in cities, it
+will be.
+
+
+
+
+THE WORK DONE.
+
+
+In the code of the Brothers of the Southern Cross, every loyal
+Southerner is a traitor, and every loyal Northerner is a born enemy.
+The command is to "smite every vulnerable point," and enough is
+published every week to show that "vulnerable points" are found every
+day, when the Brothers put an enemy out of the way. Details are made
+from the companies when the death of any person has been decided on.
+The precise time for the act is never given with the order--the
+Brothers wait the favorable moment for their work of Silence and
+Darkness. Always enough men are detailed to cover all possible
+contingences of ordinary resistance. When once detailed for such
+service, a Brother is never free until it is done, even if no
+opportunity occurs for months.
+
+Every State in the South has its perfect organization of these
+Brothers, and the order is yet in its infancy. Members are at work in
+the Northern border States, organizing among those who are Southern
+born, or who are known to side with the South against the North. This
+is the principal point where the "lurid flames" are to be brought to
+the aid of the South, though the Brothers have already been in every
+Northern city of any prominence and accessibility. The "pestilence"
+will go broadcast over the whole North; how, may be readily imagined
+from the events of the late war.
+
+Any favorable opportunity during the impeachment proceeding, or
+afterward, would see this slumbering volcano throughout the South
+burst forth with frightful violence. Impeachment, or the coming
+presidential election, will, it is calculated, furnish an opportunity
+when the national power will be so embarrassed as to allow the new
+outbreak to get head before it can be met.
+
+Let the people of the North be warned!
+
+
+
+
+THE GRAND SIGNAL.
+
+
+There is a central organization of the Order--a sort of Executive
+Council--composed of the commanders of districts, a district being
+usually a State. This executive body is called the Grand Council, and
+has no fixed place of meeting. It met once in Nashville, and the last
+time, in March, at Augusta, Ga. Two or three months ago there were but
+thirteen members of this Council, there being then no greater number of
+districts. New districts, however, are being constantly added.
+
+The sole business of the Council, so far, is to extend the organization,
+and watch for the grand crisis in national affairs, when the Brothers
+need no longer work in secret, and in fear of their necks. The order
+will strike simultaneously in a thousand places when the day comes, and
+will leap into light, an army completely organized. The signal for the
+grand strike at every point, is THE LONE STAR. When that emblem appears
+throughout the South, placarded in cities and towns, published in
+newspapers, carried everywhere by mail and telegraph and courier, the
+time for the open triumph of the Brothers will come within three days!
+Then will "the heavens be lit with the lurid flames of worse than
+fratricidal war!" It will be the day of doom for loyalty in the South,
+and many a Northern home will be put in mourning. Such is the plan.
+
+[Illustration: A BROTHER ON DUTY.]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oaths, Signs, Ceremonies and
+Objects of the Ku-Klux-Klan., by Anonymous
+
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