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diff --git a/26518.txt b/26518.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f082b14 --- /dev/null +++ b/26518.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1308 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of an American Prisoner at Fort +Malden and Quebec in the War of 1812, by James Reynolds + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Journal of an American Prisoner at Fort Malden and Quebec in the War of 1812 + +Author: James Reynolds + +Editor: G. M. Fairchild + +Release Date: September 4, 2008 [EBook #26518] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF AN AMERICAN PRISONER *** + + + + +Produced by Emmy and the Online Distributed Proofreading +Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from +images generously made available by The Internet +Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: A GENERAL VIEW OF QUEBEC.--BY RICH. SHORT. AFTER SIEGE OF +1759] + + + + Journal of + An American Prisoner + At Fort Malden and + Quebec in the War of + 1812 + +Edited by + +G. M. Fairchild, jr. + +Author of + +"From My Quebec Scrap Book," "Gleanings from Quebec," "A Ridiculous +Courting," "A Winter Carnival," etc. + +[Illustration] + + Privately Printed by + Frank Carrel, Limited, Quebec + 1909 + + + + + 200 Copies Privately Printed. + Copy No. 71 + + =Registered= _by_ G. M. FAIRCHILD, JR., _in the + Office of the Minister of Agriculture in + conformity with the Law passed by the Parliament + of Canada, in the year 1906._ + + Quebec, 1909:--The Daily Telegraph Printing Co. + + + + +Explanatory Note + + +_The book containing this journal is an ordinary pocket memorandum or +account book measuring 6 x 4 1/4 inches and covered with split calf. The +journal opens the day of the author's capture, and closes on the day he +receives orders at Quebec to prepare to leave for Boston. The author's +name is nowhere to be found in the book, and several pages at the +beginning have been cut out, evidently by the original owner. The +journal was found among the papers of the late J. Gradden, a benevolent +merchant of Quebec who rendered considerable aid to the American +prisoners of war confined there on prison ships. The journal was no +doubt presented to Mr. Gradden by its author as a return for kindnesses. +Mr. Gradden's son, the late Chas. Gradden of Kilmarnock, gave it to Sir +James M. LeMoine, the venerable Historian of Quebec, who in turn +presented it to me with the understanding that I would edit and print +it._ + +_Although the author's name is not attached to the journal it bears +unmistakable evidence of having been written by Surgeon's Mate James +Reynolds who was deputed by Surgeon General Edwards of Gen. Hull's army +to the charge of the sick on the two vessels that were dispatched from +Maumee to Detroit, but which were captured at Fort Malden (Amherstburg) +by the British. Lossing, in his "Pictorial Field Book of the war of +1812" says that the schooner conveying the sick in charge of Reynolds +escaped and reached Detroit, and that the Dr. Reynolds of this +expedition was killed at the attack on Detroit by a cannon ball. There +is a mistake somewhere as the author of this journal says that HE was in +charge of the Cuyahoga conveying the sick, and that the accompanying +schooner carried the stores, and that both vessels were captured at +Malden. Could it be that there were two Reynolds, one the Surgeon's Mate +and the other the Dr. Reynolds that Lossing refers to as having been +killed, and hence the confusion? I am inclined to this view in the +absence of convincing proof to the contrary. The journal itself is +strongly corroborative of my contention as the weight of evidence is +with the writer whose story is everywhere the simple straightforward one +of the daily chronicler of the events that came under his observation. +It is a very human document and not without historical value. It will +take its place in the Archives of the war of 1812 on the Frontiers._ + + G. M. FAIRCHILD, JR., + _Editor_. + +NOTE.--_On a blank page in the book I find written in pencil in the +author's handwriting, Sergt. Ord. Reed, Dougherty, Jowlen, Madison, +Printiss, Button, Noble--Emetic (The author had evidently dosed them +all)._ + + + + +Historical Note + + +_Anticipating the formal declaration of war President Madison of the +United States during the winter of 1811-12 commissioned Gov. Wm. Hull of +the Territory of Michigan as a Brigadier General to command the Ohio and +Michigan troops at Detroit, with the understanding that immediately upon +the announcement of war he was to invade all that part of Canada +contiguous to Detroit. On June 24th, 1812, Gen. Hull with several +thousand troops had arrived at Fort Findlay. Here he received despatches +from Washington to hasten his forces to Detroit and there await further +orders. When the troops arrived at the navigable waters on the Maumee +(or Miami) Hull determined to relieve his tired men of as much baggage +as possible by dispatching it by water. Accordingly a considerable +portion of the stores and intrenching tools, Hull's and his staff's +personal baggage, and the trunk containing Hull's instructions and the +muster rolls of the army together with other valuable papers--also three +officers' wives, Lt. Goodwin, Lieut. Dent with thirty soldiers were +transferred to the Cuyahoga packet and an auxiliary schooner. Both +reached Maumee Bay where Toledo now stands on the evening of July 1st. +On the morning of the 2nd of July the Cuyahoga and the schooner entered +the Detroit River and while sailing past Fort Malden (Amherstburg) the +British armed vessel Hunter went alongside of the Cuyahoga, and vessel +and cargo became a prize, while the crew, troops and passengers were +declared prisoners of war. Lossing says that the auxiliary schooner +bearing the invalids, being behind the Cuyahoga, escaped and reached +Detroit next day. The author of the journal says that this auxiliary +vessel which contained only the stores was also captured later in the +day and brought in under the guns of Fort Malden. Col. St. George, the +commander at Fort Malden, had received the news of the declaration of +war on the 30th of June, while Gen. Hull only received it on the 2nd of +July when he immediately despatched an officer to the mouth of the +Raisen to intercept the two vessels, but he arrived too late. In the +capture of these two vessels valuable stores and yet more valuable +information fell into the hands of the British. The journal of the +Surgeon's Mate begins July 1st and some of the events that lead to the +final surrender of Detroit and the forces under Gen. Hull's command are +recorded in the journal from such observations as were possible to a +prisoner on a vessel, and from stray information. The journey from +Malden to Quebec is recounted and the subsequent imprisonment there on a +ship in the harbor until he with others were sent to Boston for +exchange._ + + + + +Journal of an American Prisoner + +at Fort Malden and Quebec in the War of 1812 + + +July 1st (1812).--After a long and tedious march I with the sick, went +on board the Caryaorgo[1] packet at Maume, a little town on the Maume +River[2]. Doctor Edwards Surgeon General of the North Wertern Army gave +me charge of the Hospital stores and sick to go by water to Detroit. We +sailed about 4 p.m. and had a gentle breeze the afternoon. At sunset the +wind died away and we ancored for the night[3] and about 4 o'clock in +the morning the wind rose and we weighed ancor and with a fair wind +entered Lake Erie all in to good spirits to think we should be at +Detroit by 3 o'clock in the afternoon. To our surprise just as we were +about to enter Detroit River we saw a boat that hailed us and ordered +the Captain to lower his sails[4]. Our arms were all in the hole (hold) +and the men sick. I thought it improper to make any resistance as I had +not been informed that war was declared[5] and had not had orders from +the Genl. to make any resistence. Lt. Goodwin and 2nd Master Beatt and +Mr. Dent paymaster to the 3rd Regt. Ohio Vlts. and three ladies and two +soldiers wifes making in the whole forty-five in number and not more +than six well persons among them it must have been imprudent in the +highest degree to have attempted to resisted a boat of eight well armed +men and a Capt., and another of 5 men who demanded us as prisoners of +war and we were nearly under the cover of the guns at Ft. Malden, soever +we gave ourselves up and was taken into Malden and our property was all +stored in the hole (hold) and hatches nailed immediately and we were +taken alongside a prison ship. The next morning about X o'clock our +Schooner was[6] taken and all our effects even to a blanket. The Doctor +came on board to see some of the sick and I asked him for knapsacks and +blankets for the men which were returned immediately and the cloths of +the officers and men on board. + +3rd.--The day past with Mallone holey (wholly) the men sick and despond, +nothing pleasing appeard. + +4th.--We were surrounded with Savages singing and dancing their war +dances through the town[7]. O heavens what a glory Sun for independence +can any person discribe the feeling of a free born subject to see the +Savages dancing their war dance and hooting about the town and to be +confined when we knew they were preparing (to) murder our fellow +creatures and not only the soldiers but the helpless women and children. +These horrible and dispicable seens closed the day and Sol returned to +his rest. + +5th.--Some gentlemen[8] from our (side) came from Detroit with a flag of +truce and brought news that our army had arrived their safe and that the +men were in tolerable health and spirits but we could not see them +without a British being present. We sent some papers to Detroit after +having them examined (by) an officer (of) the Part we would expect for +prisoners[9]. + +6th.--We were provided with tolerable rations, and nothing happened +through the day. + +7th.--Nothing especial happened through the day, but all the (men) were +making preparations for war. + +9th.--Know news for prisoners. + +X.--Nothing extra happened in the course of the day. + +10th.--We were moved below town. Dr. Davis attends on our sick daily. +The weather verry warm and the men suffer much from the heat. + +11th.--We had a very warm day in the afternoon. The officers and Indians +were verry busy, however we heard nothing[10] + +12th.--Sunday. The American troops crossed the river into Sandwich and +divested the people of their arms and sent them to their farms. + +13th.--Monday. Pleasant and cool. Nothing extra happened. + +14th.--Tuesday. Nothing worthy of notice. + +15th.--Wensday, healthy weather. People was moving very much in town and +considerable blustor. + +16th.--Thursday. Pleasant and cool. Capt. Brown[11] came to town with a +flag of truce on and (what) express news we knew not, but could judge by +the movements. Two topsail vessels were sent out of the river and the +people were moving out of the town at night. + +17th.--Friday. The Indians[12] were flocking into town all the morning +armed and painted black. A lousifer with their arms and the town was in +an uproar. It appeared by ten o'clock that almost every person had left +the town. About five o'clock the Savages began to return into town +hollowing and barekin and firing all around our vessell, and to crown +the whole they had one of our men's scalp stretched on a pole as they +past by us to aggrevate us in a helpless state and wound the feelings of +prisoners. These Indians[13] were headed by a british subject. Is it +possible that their can be so much corruption in the British Government. +They are void of feelings and in fact are as bad as the savages +themselves for they carry on their intrigues under the pretence that +they cannot govern the Indians, and in fact they themselves are +personally at their head and give them their instructions. God deliver +me from monarch's gag laws and all their subjects[14] for free I was +born and free I'll die or by the sword shall we live like bruts and +worse, glory in each other's fall and more than that confine our fellow +creatures and tantalize them by the blood of our fellow mortals. What +will man do when left to himself. But thanks be to God this (is) about +the last act of bravery you can show you are on your last legs. The +crown will loose another jewil and savage yell dispersed and harmony +fill the land. The eagle here shall build her nest and every subject +shall be at peice[15]. + +18th.--Pleasant. All things peceable through (the) day. About X o'clock +in the evening their was an alarm[16] and the prisoners, sick and well, +were all ordered in to the hole (hold) together and what a disagreeable +(night) it was to have forty men half sick all stowed together and some +had to stand all night. + +19th.--Sunday. Warm and muggy weather. Their was considerable movement, +the Indians again past armed and about 2 p.m. we heard firing towards +Sandwich[17]. The Savages returned about dark in not so good spirits as +usual and this led us to suppose their success had not been so good as +they could wish. About 8 in the evening their came a party (of) Savages +by and fired several times near us and struck up their war hoop. + +20th.--Monday. To day the Indians past by armed as usual, they returned +about sunset some verry much fatigued. We were informed that the Indians +and some of the militia had a Scirmish with some of our troops +yesterday. + +21st.--Tuesday. Cloudy and rain. Nothing extra occurred. + +22nd.--Wednesday. Everything still. Nothing extra occurred. + +23rd.--Thursday. Cold for the season and some rain. + +24th.--Friday[18]. Cold and pleasant for the season. I was ordered to +the King's Stores in order to give information about the hospital +stores. Everything peciable. + +25th.--Saterday. Pleasant. Nothing worth mentioning through the day. The +Indians went out as usual and returned in the evening and are now +partickular morn (ful). + +26th.--Sunday. Nothing extraordinary. + +27th.--Monday. We had three prisoners brought on board our vessel one of +which was from our army. We rec'd him with joy, and he thought the army +would be down in a week. + +28th.--Tuesday. Pleasant. Nothing happened extra through the day. All +past peceable. + +29th.--Wensday. The Indians killed a man and his servants and took a +boat loaded with goods and two bbls whiskey, got drunk and raised the +divil all knight. + +30th.--Thursday. Pleasant. Nothing extra. + + +31st.--Friday. Cloudy and rainy. The officers[19] were ordered on board +the Lady Provost to go to Niagary. Nothing further happened through the +day. + +August 1st.--Saterday. Pleasant. Nothing worth recording. + +2nd.--Sunday. Cloudy. Nothing extra, the Indians commence (to cross to) +Brownstown with Britishs and officers. + +3rd.--Monday[20]. Pleasant. The soldiers and Indians crossed to Brown's +town twelves boats loaded. I should judge about 400 in numbers. I cannot +tell their business. + +4th.--Tuesday. Pleasant. The troops and Indians crossed the river as +yestirday and returned about eight o'clock in the evening. + +5th.--Wensday[21]. Plesent. The Indians crossed the river about 11 +o'clock and the people appeared very much allarmed. A party of them +returned about sunset but the boats had few in them. Their was six guns +fired about 11 o'clock at Browns Town. + +6th.--Thursday. Pleasant. Nothing in particular. + +7th.--Friday. Pleasant. Capt. Olds and Ensign Elison came on board and +informed us that two hundred militia ran from forty Indians and several +of our men was taken. God save the ignorant for they cannot take care of +themselves. + +8th.--Saterday. Pleasant. The Schooner or brig R1^o from Fort Erie with +about fifty or sixty[22]. Nothing further worth recording. + +No news from the army. + +9th.--Sunday[23]. The little brig. Hunter ret'd this morning from Fort +Erie. The people seemed to be in considerable motion about tewlve +o'clock and we heard about sunset that their was an engagement on the +other side of the river. Considerable motion in the evening. + +10th.--Monday. Rainy in the morning. We herd in the morning that they +had a hard battle at Browns Town and the Americans mentained their +ground. Several killed and wounded on both sides. We were likewise +informed that they intended to have another battle this day[24]. + +11th.--Continued showers of rain. About 5 o'clock we herd a continual +firing near Browns Town which continued about one hour and a half and +from the nois the American army drove the Indians and British[25]. The +Schooner Chipoway came from Lk. Erie with one company of red coats. + +12th.--Monday. No rain. A little cloudy. The British moved their +army--moved from B (Browns) Town and it appeared that the Indians had +all come to this town and left Browns Town. + +13th.--Thursday[26]. Pleasant. The people had all left the town. Not +much moving until evening. The Indians began their war dance and +commenced firing about daily daun and a bot (boat) entered the river +about fifty in number and the D. dis't. C. A. ball that evening herd +both by the Indians and white people. + +14th.--Friday[27]. Pleasant. After (noon) made the detail for the 13th. +Their was five boats came up loaded with soldiers, and five more this +morning loaded with from 12 to 20 men in each making in the whole about +170 men. Another boat arrived about eleven o'clock--20 men in it, and +the new soldiers all appeared to leave the town about sunset. + +15th.--Saterday. Foggy. The drums beat to arms about sunrise and the +troops were all in motion or at least all that were left. The citizens +all entered boats for Detroit, as I am told. The Indians went by in +boats. By land about 300. About sunset the Cannon began to roar at +Sandwich[28]. + +16th.--Sunday. Pleasant weather but unpleasant news we herd about noon +that Hull had given up Detroit and the whole Territory Mitchigan. The +Indians began to return about sunset well mounted and some with horses +and chais. Who can express the feelings of a person who knows that Hull +had men enough to have this place three times and gave up his post. +Shame to him, shame to his country, shame to the world. When Hull first +came to Detroit the 4th U. S. Regt. would have taken Malden and he with +his great generalship has lost about 200 men and his Territory[29]. + +Can he be forgiven when he had command of an army of about 2500 men +besides the Regulars and Militia of his Territory and given up to about +400 regular troops and Militia and about 700 Indians. + +17th.--Monday. Clouday. The news of yesterday was confirmed. The Indians +were riding our horses and hollowing and shouting the whole day. + +18th.--The Provo Marshal[30] came on board and wanted a list of the +Regular Troops, and told us that the Regular Troops[31] were prisoners +of war and the militia had liberty to go home. We were taken from the +Schooner Thames and put into a little Schooner but every attention paid +us that was possible. In the evening we were ordered on board the +Elinor. Their was a detachment of prisoners joined us. + +19th.--Wensday. Pleasant. I got provisions and medicines on board. The +other vessels came from Detroit. Nothing extraordinary through the day. + +20th.--Thursday. Rainy. Unpleasant on board. The militia left the river. + +21st.--Friday. We drifted out of the river into the Lake. Capt. Brown +and Ensign Phillips came on board. + +22nd.--Saterday. Clouday but no rain. We sailed to the Three Sisters and +lay to for the Sharlott[32], and about 12 o'clock we came to ancor. + +23rd.--Sunday. Pleasant and warm. No wind. Several sick on bord but none +dangerous. The wounded are in a good way. About sunset the wind rose and +we weighed ancor. + +24th.--Monday. Pleasant. Fair wind. We made good headway. Nothing extra. + +25th.--Tuesday. Pleasant. Good wind. + +26th.--Wensday. Pleasant. We arrived at Fort Niagary[33] and was put on +shore where we found wagons ready for the transportation of our baggage +and about 12 o'clock we proceeded on our way to Chippawa where we stayed +the night. + +27th.--Thursday. Pleasant. We proceeded on our march from Chippawa to +Fort George[34]. We pased through Queenstown and opposite to the town +was two or three hundred American Troops was stationed. We past by +Niagary Falls. We arrived at Fort George about 5 o'clock p.m. and stayed +in the river all night and we are very much crowded. + +28th.--Friday. Pleasant. We had a fair wind for King's Town (Kingston) +which was our next place of destination. We weighed ancor about 2 +o'clock and had pleasant sail through the day and night. + +29th.--Saterday.--Pleasant. We hove in sight of King's Town (Kingston) +about 7 o'clock a.m. Cast ancor about 9 o'clock and was landed on an +Island near Kingston. About 5 p.m. I was ordered to take charge of the +sick and wounded. + +30th.--Sunday. Pleasant but cool for the season. The sick were visited +by the Doctor about eleven o'clock. Three of the sick were taken to +Kingston hospital, the other 40 sick and wounded were left in my charge. + +31st.--Monday. Pleasant. A detachment of 400 men arrived here from +Montreal for Detroit. 2 men deserted last evening. The sick are better. +The officers treat us very kindly and we are well provided for for +people in our situation. + +Sept. 1st.--Tuesday. Pleasant. We left Kingston[35] about 4 o'clock p.m. +for Montreal. We went 18 miles in the evening. + +2nd.--Wensday. Pleasant. We started nearly with the sun and past the +Thousand Islands and our first stop Elizabeth Town on the St. Lawrence +opposite. After staying about half an hour we proceeded down the river. +Very good wind and past several handsome towns on each side of the +river. The Sun above an hour high we past about five hundred of our +troops stationed on the bank of the river at Sagrota and stopped at +Johns Town. + +3rd.--Thursday. Pleasant. We started nearly with the sun and stopped +about 9 o'clock about half an hour. Proceeded to Cornwall where we +stayed through the knight. We past several fine towns on both sides of +the river. Hamleton is a fine town on the American side. + +4th.--Friday. Clouday and cold--east wind. We stayed at Cornwall[36] all +this day as we had a head wind. The men remained in the gaol yard and +fought several times and in fact played hell all day. + +5th.--Saturday. Pleasant, head wind, however we proceeded on our journey +and have about thirty sick. We stayed at Point Burdet. + +6th.--Sunday. Pleasant. We started about 6 o'clcok and stopped at +Lachein and the well men were marched to Montreal by land. The sick went +in boats by water where we arrived about 7 in the evening and was +marched to the Garrison[37]. + +7th.--Monday. Pleasant. We stayed at the Garrison through the day and +four of the sick sent to the King's Hospital which reduced my number to +about 30. + +8th.--Tuesday. Pleasant. We left Montreal[38] about 10 A.M. and +descended the St. Lawrence. We had a pleasant prospect on both sides of +the river handsome meadows and fine farms and several handsome towns. We +stopped at Sorril (Sorel) and were marched from the boats to a room +where we were all put into a room together and locked up and not a man +allowed to get a drink of water nor allowed to leave the room on any +occasion. The men were obliged to comply with natures requests in the +room where we all lay, and we suffered verry much all knight. + +9th.--Pleasant. The British officers that came with us when informed of +our treatment was very much offended and told the officers of the 100th. +regiment. We started about 9 o'clock A.M. with a fair wind and arrived +late at St. Francis and stopped at Three Rivers about two hours and then +went about two miles down the river and camped for the knight. + +10th.--Thursday. Pleasant. Head winds we started the sun about one hour +high. and spent the day pretty much in parading the boats. We stopped +at the Three Sisters for the night. + +11th.--Friday[39]. Pleasant. We stayed for the tide to come in. Started +about ten o'clock and descended the river rapidly with the tide and +arrlved at Quebec about sunset and was put on bord one of the transports +for the night. + +12th.--Saturday. Cloudy and rainy in the afternoon. All in confusion, +the prisoners very troublesome, however I hope this is not for life. + +13th.--Sunday. Clouday. The proceedings verry much as yesterday, our +officers in town and do not visit us, the reason why I know not why. We +are guarded this day. Parroled prisoners from the States. Nothing extra. + +14th.--Monday. Clouday. Our rations were bread that would crawl with +worms, in fact our fare is hard and unwholesome, half the men sick with +the diarrie. No news of any better times. + +15th.--Tuesday. Pleasant. I gave five men emetic and 3 carthartic. Our +provisions better than yesterday. No news, the men are something better. + +16th.--Wensday. Pleasant. Our sick were taken from our vessel. We had +several good things for our vituals, rice, oatmeal and this plenty. This +is called banyan day. The surgeon came on board our vessel and ordered +men and me on bord the brig 160 transport. + +17th.--Thursday. Pleasant. I proceeded to give the men medicine and gave +them gruel and they appeared verry much better at night. We had twelve +women on board and some worse than the devil--they quarreled like cats +and dogs and in fact I had to make use of rash (harsh) means in order +for to live. + +18th.--Friday. Pleasant. The men generally better with one or two +exceptions. The women in better nature than yesterday. Nothing extra +happened through the day. + +19th.--Saterday. Pleasant, nothing particular through the day. + +20th.--Sunday. Cold and windy. The men not so well. + +21st.--Monday. Pleasant. The men no better and no Doct. to see them and +no medicine, no phisition attended us, the time dubious and the men down +hearted--not verry good accommodation. + +22nd.--Tuesday. Clouday and some rain in the morning. Many of the men +verry low, but verry little refreshment for the sick. Thirteen more sick +came on board which augmented the sick to 54. + +23rd.--Wensday. Pleasant. The men that came on board yesterday are +better after being phisiced. Nothing new. + +24th.--Thursday. Clouday. The men generally better 17 men were sent from +our ship to those where the main Regt. lay. Nothing further worth +attention. + +25th.--Friday. Pleasant. Two sick men sent on board our ship which made +our number 40. James Duffer died at 4 o'clock p.m. with Hectic fever. +Many of the men are very low. Bellew and Collins were sent to our ship +which augments our number to 42 men. + +26th.--Saterday. Clouday. McDuff[40] was buried at ten o'clock. Sergt. +Traig and Corp. Wentworth, McIntosh went on shore to attend the funeril. +He was decently intered. The English people here are decent, friendlay +and humane + +27th.--Sunday. Pleasant. The men are something better. Nothing happened +through the day. + +28th.--Monday.[41] Pleasant but cold for the season. The men better, the +women cross etc. The Surgeon came on bord. + +29th.---Tuesday. Nothing worth recording. + +30th.--Wensday. Pleasant. The Doct. came on bord. Nothing other worth +recording. Good weather but cold for the season. + +Oct. 1st.--Thursday. Pleasant. Sergt. Maj. Huggins and two men all sick +came on bord our vessel and I sent (away) three well men in their room +(place). The three men that came on bord were verry sick. + +2nd.--Friday. Clouday. The men something better. The Surgeon did not +call to see us. + +3rd.--Saturday. Clouday and rainy. Corp. Perries child died this +morning about day brake and was buried (at) 4 o'clock p.m. Mrs. Andrews +has been in travail ever since early this morning. + +4th.--Sunday. Rainy. Mrs. Andrews was delivered of a fine boy after 24 +hours labor. The men not much better. + +5th.--Monday. Clouday. I visited all the prison ships in the harbor and +took 4 men on bord our vessel. The sick verry low + +6th.--Tuesday. Cold. Sergt. Stoner's child died this morning. The men +verry low, many of them. For the first time I had to lay violent hands +on Mrs. Critchet and the first time I ever saw her made to hold her +tongue. Women deprived of decency are the damdest creatures that ever +were borned. + +7th.--Wensday. Could and squalws of snow. The guard came to bury Sergt. +Stoner's child. I visited all the prison ships in the Harbor and gave +medicine to the sick. We had some sugar, rice, and barley sent for the +sick and some other refreshments was sent on bord. + +8th.--Thursday. Cold and rain. They brought 7 men sick from 4 to 6 +(o'clock) and we returned five. About nothing further. + +9th.--Friday. Cold for the season. Corp. Berries child died about three +o'clock this morning. The men are something better. I visited all the +prison ships in the harbor. Corp. Perries child was buried this +afternoon. Three men came from No. 85--three returned to No. 85 and +three to 406. (Transports and prison ships). + +10th.--Saterday. Clouday. Three men that was sent to No. 406 came on +bord this morning and we returned them immediately. We drawed fresh +bread for the first time. Nothing further. + +11th.--Sunday. Clouday and cold. I visited all the prison ships in the +harbor. The women were all ordered from our ship, accordingly they all +went, but four who had sick children and one lately layed in (confined). +We had snow this evening and rain. We had a fresh surply of stores. + +12th.--Monday. Clouday and cold. The sail covered with snow. Joseph +Quil's child died at 12 o'clock this morning and Saml. Lewis died at +half past 12 o'clock. The Surgeon came on bord at 9 o'clock. The men +something better. I took from Morgan his scrotum and left the testicles +entirely naked. + +13th.--Violent storm of snow but not cold. The people on bord better +except Ingalls and McMaster. We had 3 men from 406 and returned two. + +14th.--Wensday. The storm continues. Wires child died at -- o'clock. +Four men received and 6 discharged. Ingals child died at 4 o'clock this +afternoon. The times are serious and the lessons striking. + +15th.--Thursday. Clouday and warm. John McMaster died at half past three +o'clock this morning. Henry Pluck died at half past 10 o'clock this +evening. + +16th.--Friday. Cold and clouday. A Surgeon came on bord. A Mister +(minister) of the Church of England came on board and baptised Ingalls. + +17th.--Saterday. Clouday. We have five sick men from No. 406. Discharged +two, one from 35, and one sent to 35. Two women sent to 71. Pluck buried +this forenoon. + +18th.--Sunday. Clouday. I received hospital bedding and cloths (clothes) +the men in genl. better except Ingals. + +19th.--Monday. Pleasant. Amos Ingals died at 5 o'clock this morning. 6 +men came from 406 and 4 returned. The men verry sick many of them, 44 in +our number of sick. I had a reprimand from one of the B. (British) Os. +(Officers). + +20th.--Tuesday. Pleasant. Ingals buried. I gave the men some cloths +(clothes) and they appear better generally. + +21st.--Wensday. Pleasant. Nothing particular happened through the day. +The Surgeon did not visit us. + +22nd.--Thursday. Pleasant and cold. Dennis Hagerman died at 2 o'clock +this morning. The Surgeon came on bord at 10 o'clock. We rec'd five sick +men--none discharged. + +23rd.--Friday. Clouday. We this day herd that we were destined for +Boston--the men very much revived. + +24th.--Saturday. Clouday. The Surgeon came on bord, and Capt. Baker of +our service gave me an order to make a minute of what would be necessary +for the sick on our passage to Boston. + +25th.--Sunday. Clouday. I and the sick were ordered on bord the 406. The +men paid----_Here the diary abruptly ends._ + + * * * * * + + _The "Quebec Mercury" of 29th Oct. 1812 contains + the following:_ + + _"The prisoners taken at Detroit and brought down + to Quebec are on the point of embarking for Boston + for the purpose of being exchanged. Five cannon + are now lying in the Chateau Court taken at + Detroit."_ + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] _Cuyahoga. Cayahogo according to Kingsford._ + +[2] _Maumee or Miami River of the Lakes to distinguish it from two +others of the same name._ + +[3] _Maumee Bay where Toledo now stands._ + +[4] _Lossing says that Reynolds and his party of sick sailed from the +Maumee in an accompanying sloop and that the latter reached Detroit in +safety. This is evidently a mistake. The sloop, or as Reynolds calls it +schooner was also captured and it was this schooner that contained the +stores._ + +[5] _News of the declaration of war had been received by Col. St. George +in command at Fort Malden as early as June 30th, 1812._ + +[6] _This schooner contained Gen. Hull's despatch box and a great +quantity of stores for his army. The despatches put the English in +possession of valuable information as to Hull's forces, etc._ + +[7] _Amherstburg near which stood Fort Malden._ + +[8] _On the morning of the 6th Col. Cass was sent to Malden with a flag +of truce to demand the baggage and prisoners taken from the schooner. +The demand was unheeded and he returned to camp with Capt. Burbanks of +the British Army._ M'AFEE. + +[9] _Mr. Reynolds wrote by this means and this may have led to the +belief that he and his party of invalid soldiers had reached Detroit in +safety on the schooner._ + +[10] _On the 12th Hull crossed his army to Sandwich of which he took +possession. The few British troops stationed here retired to Fort +Malden. Col. Miller of the American army in a letter to his wife says: +"As we were crossing the river we saw two British officers ride up very +fast opposite where we intended landing, but they went back faster than +they came. They were Col. St. George, commanding officer at Malden, and +one of his Captains."_ + +[11] _Probably sent by Gen. Hull to announce to Col. St. George of his +(Gen. Hull's) intention to attack Fort Malden and to advise the removal +from the town of the non-combatants._ + +[12] _There were frequent and small engagements between the American +outposts and the Indians on the British side. Scalping the dead was +practised by both Indian and the frontiers men on both sides._ + +[13] _The Indians were almost invariably commanded or led by their own +chiefs, but oft'times under the direction of an English officer._ + +[14] _On the 16th Col. Cass of the American Army with a force of about +280 men pushed forward to the Ta-ron-tee or Riviere aux Canards about +four miles above Malden and engaged the British outpost guarding the +bridge across the river. The British and Indians fled and were pursued +by the Americans. Night put an end to the engagement and the Americans +returned to the bridge. Hull however retired the force to Sandwich as he +said the position was untenable with so small a force._ + +[15] _The author somewhat mixes himself in his rhapsody._ + +[16] _On the 18th Capt. Snelling of the American Army and a small +detachment left Sandwich on a reconnoitring expedition towards Malden._ + +[17] _On the 18th July Gen. Hull issued an order for a general movement +on Fort Malden. Col. McArthur with a detachment of his regiment joined +Capt. Snelling on the 19th at Petite Cote about a mile above the Aux +Canards Bridge. A general skirmish ensued with the Indians under command +of Tecumseh and McArthur was compelled to fall back. He sent for +reinforcements and Col. Cass hastened to his aid with a six pounder, but +after another short engagement with the Indians and the English supports +that had been hastened to their assistance the American forces returned +to Sandwich._ + +[18] _For some reason or other Reynolds makes no mention here of the +engagement of the 24th, when Major Denny and a considerable force of +Americans were engaged with some Indians and retreated in considerable +confusion pursued by the Indians. Denny lost six killed and two wounded. +This was the first blood shed in the war._ + +[19] _The captive American officers are probably meant._ + +[20] _Col. Proctor who now commanded at Amherstburg or Malden detached +the Indians under Tecumseh across the Detroit River to intercept a +convoy that Major VanHorne and a force of Americans had been sent to +safely conduct within the American lines._ + +[21] _On this day the Indians under Tecumseh badly defeated Major +VanHorne's force of Americans near Brownstown and the latter retreated +in great disorder. The mail fell into the hands of the British and +revealed the mutinous spirit in Hull's army. In this engagement +seventeen of the Americans were killed and eight wounded._ + +[22] _Reinforcements of the 41st Regt. under Lt. Bullock._ + +[23] _The battle of Maguaga where Col. Miller in command of a force of +Americans defeated the British and Indians and drove them to their boats +whence they returned to Malden. The advantages of this victory were not +followed up for the relief of Brush on his way to Detroit with a convoy +of supplies for Hull's army._ + +[24] _Skirmishing occurred for several days after the main engagement of +the 10th._ + +[25] _Major Muir and his subaltern Sutherland of the British forces were +both wounded. The losses and casualties on the American side were very +heavy._ + +[26] _Gen. Brock joined Col. Proctor at Malden (Amherstburg) on the +night of the 13th with three hundred militia and a few regulars._ + +[27] _Gen. Brock marched that day with the forces under his command and +took possession of Sandwich which had been abandoned by the Americans._ + +[28] _About 4 o'clock on the afternoon of the 15th, a general +cannonading began between the British at Sandwich and the Americans at +Detroit. Considerable damage was done by the British artillery and +several American officers were killed. Two guns on the British side were +silenced by the American artillerists._ + +[29] _During the night the British forces crossed to the Detroit side of +the river and prepared for an assault on the town. The guns at Sandwich +opening a heavy cannonading and their range was so accurate that many +Americans were slain. Dr. Reynolds who it is supposed accompanied Hull's +invalids from the Maumee to Detroit was instantly killed. Gen. Hull +early decided to capitulate._ + +[30] _By the terms of the surrender the American Militia were paroled +and allowed to return to their homes, but the regulars were declared to +be prisoners of war and were sent on board the prison ships._ + +[31] _Mostly the 4th Regt. of Regulars._ + +[32] _The Queen Charlotte and Hunter were also detailed to convey some +of the prisoners of war including Gen. Hull and other officers, to Fort +Erie opposite Buffalo._ + +[33] _The writer evidently means Fort Erie at the entrance to the +Niagara River._ + +[34] _Fort George directly opposite Fort Niagara which was on American +territory and garrisoned by American troops._ + +[35] _The British escort from Kingston was commanded by Major Heathcote +of the Nova Scotia Regt._ + +[36] _From Cornwall to Lachine the British escort was in command of +Captain Gray of the Quarter Master General's Dept. From Lachine to +Montreal Captains Richardson and Ogilvie with three militia companies, +and a company of the 8th Regt. commanded by Capt. Blackmore formed an +escort._ + +[37] _The line of march in Montreal was as follows:_ + + _1st. The 8th Regt. Band. + 2nd. The first escort division. + 3rd. Gen. Hull and Capt. Gray in a carriage. + 4th. The American Officers. + 5th. The non-coms. and soldiers. + 6th. The second escort division._ + +[38] _Gen. Hull was paroled at Montreal with 8 other officers and left +the city for the United States._ + +[39] _The Officers and regular troops of the American Army taken at +Detroit and which have no permission to return on their parole arrived +at Anse des Meres Friday afternoon escorted by a detachment of the Regt. +of Glengary of Three Rivers. The prisoners, with the exception of the +officers were immediately embarked in boats for the transports. The +officers were lodged in the city for the night and the following day +were conducted to Charlesbourg where they will be domiciled on +parole._--QUEBEC GAZETTE + +_The Quebec Mercury of Sept. 15th says: The commissioned officers were +liberated on their parole. They passed Saturday morning at the Union +Hotel where they were the gazing stock of the multitude, whilst they in +no way abashed presented a bold front to the public stare, puffed the +smoke of their cigars into the faces of such as approached too near. +About 2 o'clock they set off by stage with four horses for Charlesbourg +the destined place of their residence._ + +[40] _The man previously referred to as Duffer._ + +[41] + +_Commisary General's Office._ + _Quebec 28 Sept. 1812._ + +_Wanted for the American prisoners of war comfortable warm clothing +consisting of the following articles viz: Jackets, shirts, trousers, +stockings mockessons or shoes--also 2000 lbs of soap. They will require +to be delivered immediately._ + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes: + +The spelling and punctuation errors in the journal pieces were retained. +This includes such words as Wertern for Western, ancor for anchor, +"high. and spent", etc. + +Page 2, "FAIRCHIDD" changed to "FAIRCHILD" (G. M. FAIRCHILD, JR.) + +Page 4, "Reynold's" changed to "Reynolds" (Dr. Reynolds of this) + +Page 4, "Cugahoga" changed to "Cuyahoga" (Cuyahoga conveying the sick) + +Page 5, "Cugahoga" changed to "Cuyahoga" (the Cuyahoga packet) + +Page 11, Footnote 11, "combattants" changed to "combatants" (town of the +non-combatants) + +Page 14, Footnote 18, "pusrued" changed to "pursued" (confusion pursued +by) + +Page 16, Original text read R1 with a degree symbol after the 1. For +this ascii version this has been rendered R1^o. As the footnote attached +to that paragraph references reinforcements, it is presumed that this +is some type of error for "RI'd", or perhaps "Rt'd" for "returned". + +Page 19, Footnote 30, "allowen" changed to "allowed" (allowed to return) + +Page 24, Footnote marker 38 presumed as none was present in the original +text. + +Page 28, Footnote marker 41 presumed as none was present in the original +text. + +Page 32, "Herve" changed to "Here" (_Here the diary) + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of an American Prisoner at +Fort Malden and Quebec in the War of 1812, by James Reynolds + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF AN AMERICAN PRISONER *** + +***** This file should be named 26518.txt or 26518.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/5/1/26518/ + +Produced by Emmy and the Online Distributed Proofreading +Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from +images generously made available by The Internet +Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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