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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:33:27 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:33:27 -0700 |
| commit | 64838fee572b1ed8ba2046ad083165f435d59eb5 (patch) | |
| tree | a48ffd1ff4fdebbac2588bc194380e7c5bbac57d /26965-h | |
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diff --git a/26965-h/26965-h.htm b/26965-h/26965-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..676a03a --- /dev/null +++ b/26965-h/26965-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,5431 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> +<title> +The Project Gutenberg eBook of Heroes and Hunters Of The West, by Anonymous. +</title> + +<style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p {margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0.5em;} + body {margin-left: 11%; margin-right: 10%;} + a {text-decoration: none;} + .figleft {padding: .5em .5em 0 0; float: left;} + .pncolor {color: silver;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + div.ce p {text-align: center; margin: auto 0;} + .figcenter {margin: 2em auto 2em auto; text-align: center;} + .caption {font-size:.8em;} + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} + .pagenum {display: inline; font-size: x-small; text-align: right; position: absolute; right: 2%; padding: 1px 3px; font-style: normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; text-decoration: none; background-color: inherit; border:1px solid #eee;} + hr.silver {width: 100%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; border:none; border-bottom:1px solid silver;} + h2 {text-align:center; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.4em;} +// --> +/* XML end ]]>*/ +</style> + +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Heroes and Hunters of the West, by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Heroes and Hunters of the West + +Author: Anonymous + +Release Date: October 19, 2008 [EBook #26965] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEROES AND HUNTERS OF THE WEST *** + + + + +Produced by Roger Frank and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw001.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 332px; height: 468px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 332px;'> +THE WOUNDED PIONEER.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='ce'> +<p style=' font-size:2em; margin-bottom:.4em;'>HEROES</p> +<p style=' font-size:1em; margin-bottom:.8em;'>AND</p> +<p style=' font-size:2em; margin-bottom:.4em;'>HUNTERS OF THE WEST:</p> +<p style=' font-size:1em; margin-bottom:.8em;'>COMPRISING</p> +<p style=' font-size:2em; margin-bottom:.4em;'>SKETCHES AND ADVENTURES</p> +<p style=' font-size:1em; margin-bottom:.8em;'>OF</p> +<p style=' font-size:1.2em;'>BOONE, KENTON, BRADY, LOGAN, WHETZEL,</p> +<p style=' font-size:1.2em; margin-bottom:2em;'>FLEEHART, HUGHES, JOHNSTON, &c.</p> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw002.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 169px; height: 183px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhwemb.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 132px; height: 9px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='ce'> +<p style=' margin-top:2.4em;'>PHILADELPHIA:</p> +<p>H. C. PECK & THEO. BLISS.</p> +<p>1860.</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='ce'> +<p>Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853,</p> +<div style='margin-top:1em'></div> +<p>BY H. C. PECK & THEO. BLISS,</p> +<div style='margin-top:1em'></div> +<p>in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Eastern District</p> +<p>of Pennsylvania.</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='ce'> +<p style=' font-size:1.2em; margin-bottom:1em;'>CONTENTS.</p> +</div> + +<table border='0' width='500' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0' summary='Contents' style='margin:1em auto;'> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Daniel Boone.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#DANIEL_BOONE'>11</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Simon Kenton.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#SIMON_KENTON'>19</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>George Rogers Clarke.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#GEORGE_ROGERS_CLARKE'>24</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Benjamin Logan.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#BENJAMIN_LOGAN'>32</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Samuel Brady.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#SAMUEL_BRADY'>38</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Lewis Whetzel.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#LEWIS_WHETZEL'>45</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Caffree, M’Clure, and Davis.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#CAFFREE_M_CLURE_AND_DAVIS'>58</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Charles Johnston.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#CHARLES_JOHNSTON'>66</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Joseph Logston.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#JOSEPH_LOGSTON'>74</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Jesse Hughes.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#JESSE_HUGHES'>81</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Siege of Fort Henry.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#SIEGE_OF_FORT_HENRY'>87</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Simon Girty.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#SIMON_GIRTY'>103</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Joshua Fleehart.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#JOSHUA_FLEEHART'>118</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Indian Fight on the Little Muskingum.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#INDIAN_FIGHT_ON_THE_LITTLE_MUSKINGUM'>129</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Escape of Return J. Meigs.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#ESCAPE_OF_RETURN_J_MEIGS'>137</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Estill’s Defeat.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#ESTILL_S_DEFEAT'>144</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>A Pioneer Mother.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#A_PIONEER_MOTHER'>154</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>The Squatter’s Wife and Daughter.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#THE_SQUATTER_S_WIFE_AND_DAUGHTER'>167</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Captain William Hubbell.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#CAPTAIN_WILLIAM_HUBBELL'>173</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Murder of Cornstalk and his Son.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#MURDER_OF_CORNSTALK_AND_HIS_SON'>185</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>The Massacre of Chicago.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#THE_MASSACRE_OF_CHICAGO'>189</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>The Two Friends.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#THE_TWO_FRIENDS'>211</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Desertion of a young White Man, from a party of Indians.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#DESERTION_OF_A_YOUNG_WHITE_MAN_FROM_A_PARTY_OF_INDIANS'>219</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Morgan’s Triumph.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#MORGAN_S_TRIUMPH'>229</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Massacre of Wyoming.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#MASSACRE_OF_WYOMING'>233</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Heroic Women of the West.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#HEROIC_WOMEN_OF_THE_WEST'>243</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Indian Strategem Foiled.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#INDIAN_STRATEGEM_FOILED'>250</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Blackbird.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#BLACKBIRD'>265</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>A Desperate Adventure.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#A_DESPERATE_ADVENTURE'>268</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Adventure of Two Scouts.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#ADVENTURE_OF_TWO_SCOUTS'>276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:1em;'><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>A Young Hero of the West.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#A_YOUNG_HERO_OF_THE_WEST'>299</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='ce'> +<p style=' font-size:1.2em;'>PREFACE.</p> +</div> + +<p>To the lovers of thrilling adventure, the title of this +work would alone be its strongest recommendation. The +exploits of the Heroes of the West, need but a simple +narration to give them an irresistible charm. They display +the bolder and rougher features of human nature in +their noblest light, softened and directed by virtues that +have appeared in the really heroic deeds of every age, +and form pages in the history of this country destined to +be read and admired when much that is now deemed more +important is forgotten.</p> +<p>It is true, that, with the lights of this age, we regard +many of the deeds of our western pioneer as aggressive, +barbarous, and unworthy of civilized men. But there is +no truly noble heart that will not swell in admiration of +the devotion and disinterestedness of Benjamin Logan, the +self-reliant energy of Boone and Whetzel, and the steady +firmness and consummate military skill of George Rogers +Clarke. The people of this country need records of the +lives of such men, and we have attempted to present these +in an attractive form.</p> +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw003.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 333px; height: 446px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 333px;'> +CAPTURE OF BOONE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='ce'> +<p style=' font-size:1.4em;'>HEROES OF THE WEST.</p> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='DANIEL_BOONE' id='DANIEL_BOONE'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_11' name='page_11'></a>11</span> +<h2>Daniel Boone.</h2> +</div> + +<div class='figleft'> +<img src='images/hhw004.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 193px; height: 221px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<p>In all notices of border life, the name of Daniel Boone appears first—as +the hero and the father of the west. In him were united those +qualities which make the accomplished frontiersman—daring, activity, +and circumspection, while he was fitted beyond most of his contemporary +borderers to lead and command.</p> +<p>Daniel Boone was born either in Virginia or Pennsylvania, +and at an early age settled in North Carolina, upon +the banks of the Yadkin. In 1767, James Findley, the +first white man who ever visited Kentucky, returned to the +settlements of North Carolina, and gave such a glowing +account of that wilderness, that Boone determined to venture +into it, on a hunting expedition. Accordingly, in +1769, accompanied by Findley and four others, he commenced +his journey. Kentucky was found to be all that +the first adventurer had represented, and the hunters had +fine sport. The country was uninhabited, but, during certain +seasons, parties of the northern and southern Indians +visited it upon hunting expeditions. These parties frequently +engaged in fierce conflicts, and hence the beautiful +region was known as the “dark and bloody ground.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw005.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 394px; height: 327px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 394px;'> +BATTLE OF BLUE LICKS.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>On the 22d of December, 1769, Boone and one of his +companions, named John Stuart, left their encampment +on the Red river, and boldly followed a buffalo path far +into the forest. While roving carelessly from canebrake +to canebrake, they were suddenly alarmed by the appearance +of a party of Indians, who, springing from their +place of concealment, rushed upon them with a swiftness +which rendered escape impossible. The hunters were +seized, disarmed, and made prisoners. Under these terrible +circumstances, Boone’s presence of mind was admirable. +He saw that there was no chance of immediate +escape; but he encouraged his companion and constrained +himself to follow the Indians in all their movements, with +so constrained an air, that their vigilance began to relax.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw006.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 232px; height: 251px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 232px;'> +DANIEL BOONE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>On the seventh evening of the captivity of the hunter, +the party encamped in a thick cane-break, and having +built a large fire lay down to rest. About midnight, Boone, +who had not closed his eyes, ascertained from the deep +breathing of all around him, that the whole party, including +Stuart, was in a deep sleep. Gently extricating himself +from the savages who lay around him, he awoke Stuart, +informed him of his determination to escape, and exhorted +him to follow without noise. Stuart obeyed with quickness +and silence. Rapidly moving through the forest, guided +by the light of the stars and the barks of the trees, the +hunters reached their former camp the next day, but found +it plundered and deserted, with nothing remaining to show +the fate of their companions. Soon afterwards, Stuart +was shot and scalped, and Boone and his brother who had +come into the wilderness from North Carolina, were left +alone in the forest. Nay, for several months, Daniel had +not a single companion, for his brother returned to North +Carolina for ammunition. The hardy hunter was exposed +to the greatest dangers, but he contrived to escape them all. +In 1771, Boone and his brother returned to North Carolina, +and Daniel, having sold what property he could not take +with him, determined to take his family to Kentucky, and +make a settlement. He was joined by others at “Powel’s +Valley,” and commenced the journey, at the head of a considerable +party of pioneers. Being attacked by the Indians, +the adventurers were compelled to return, and it +was not until 1774, that the indomitable Boone succeeded +in conveying his family to the banks of the Kentucky, +and founding Boonesborough. In the meantime, James +Harrod had settled at the station called Harrodsburgh. +Other stations were founded by Bryant and Logan—daring +pioneers; but Boonesborough was the chief object of +Indian hostility, and was exposed to almost incessant attack, +from its foundation until after the bloody battle of +Blue Licks. During this time, Daniel Boone was regarded +as the chief support and counsellor of the settlers, and in +all emergencies, his wisdom and valor was of the greatest +service. He met with many adventures, and made some +hair-breadth escapes, but survived all his perils and hardships +and lived to a green old age, enjoying the respect +and confidence of a large and happy community, which +his indomitable spirit had been chiefly instrumental in +founding. He never lost his love of the woods and the +chase, and within a few weeks of his death might have +been seen, rifle in hand, eager in the pursuit of game.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw007.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 335px; height: 390px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 335px;'> +SIMON KENTON.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw008.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 305px; height: 338px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 305px;'> +LOGAN.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='SIMON_KENTON' id='SIMON_KENTON'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_19' name='page_19'></a>19</span> +<h2>Simon Kenton.</h2> +</div> + +<p>Simon Kenton was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, +on the 15th of May, 1755. His parents were poor, and +until the age of sixteen his days seem to have been passed +in the laborious drudgery of a farm. When he was about +sixteen, an unfortunate occurrence threw him upon his +own resources. A robust young farmer, named Leitchman, +and he were rival suitors for the hand of a young +coquette, and she being unable to decide between them, +they took the matter into their own hands and fought a +regular pitched battle at a solitary spot in the forest. +After a severe struggle, Kenton triumphed, and left his +antagonist upon the ground, apparently in the agonies of +death. Without returning for a suit of clothing, the +young conqueror fled westward, assumed the name of +Butler, joined a party of daring hunters, and visited +Kentucky, (1773.) In the wilderness he became an accomplished +and successful hunter and spy, but suffered +many hardships.</p> +<p>In 1774, the Indian war, occasioned by the murder of +the family of the chief, Logan, broke out, and Kenton +entered the service of the Virginians as a spy, in which +capacity he acted throughout the campaign, ending with +the battle of Point Pleasant. He then explored the country +on both sides of the Ohio, and hunted in company +with a few other, in various parts of Kentucky. When +Boonesborough was attacked by a large body of Indians, +Simon took an active part in the defence, and in several +of Boone’s expeditions, our hero served as a spy, winning +a high reputation.</p> +<p>In the latter part of 1777, Kenton, having crossed the +Ohio, on a horse-catching expedition, was overtaken and +made captive by the Indians. Then commenced a series +of tortures to which the annals of Indian warfare, so deeply +tinged with horrors, afford few parallels. Having kicked +and cuffed him, the savages tied him to a pole, in a +very painful position, where they kept him till the next +morning, then tied him on a wild colt and drove it swiftly +through the woods to Chilicothe. Here he was tortured +in various ways. The savages then carried him to Pickaway, +where it was intended to burn him at the stake, but +from this awful death, he was saved through the influence +of the renegade, Simon Girty, who had been his early +friend. Still, Kenton was carried about from village to +village, and tortured many times. At length, he was +taken to Detroit, an English post, where he was well-treated; +and he recovered from his numerous wounds. In +the summer of 1778, he succeeded in effecting his escape, +and, after a long march, reached Kentucky.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw009.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 260px; height: 377px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 260px;'> +SIMON GIRTY.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Kenton was engaged in all the Indian expeditions up +to Wayne’s decisive campaign, in 1794, and was very +serviceable as a spy. Few borderers had passed through +so many hardships, and won so bright a reputation. He +lived to a very old age, and saw the country, in which he +had fought and suffered, formed into the busy and populous +state of Ohio. In his latter days, he was very poor, +and, but for the kindness of some distinguished friends, +would have wanted for the necessaries of life.</p> +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_24' name='page_24'></a>24</span> +<img src='images/hhw010.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 222px; height: 258px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='GEORGE_ROGERS_CLARKE' id='GEORGE_ROGERS_CLARKE'></a> +<h2>George Rogers Clarke.</h2> +</div> + +<p>In natural genius for military command, few men of +the west have equalled George Rogers Clarke. The conception +and execution of the famous expedition against +Kaskaskia and Vincennes displayed many of those qualities +for which the best generals of the world have been +eulogized, and would have done honor to a Clive.</p> +<p>Clarke was born in Albermarle county, Virginia, in +September, 1753. Like Washington, he engaged, at an +early age, in the business of land surveying, and was fond +of several branches of mathematics. On the breaking out +of Dunmore’s war, Clarke took command of a company, +and fought bravely at the battle of Point Pleasant, being +engaged in the only active operation of the right wing of +the Virginians against the Indians. Peace was concluded +soon after, by Lord Dunmore, and Clarke, whose gallant +bearing had been noticed, was offered a commission in the +royal service. But this he refused, as he apprehended +that his native country would soon be at war with Great +Britain.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw011.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 338px; height: 381px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 338px;'> +GEORGE ROGERS CLARKE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Early in 1775, Clarke visited Kentucky as the favorite +scene of adventure, and penetrated to Harrodsburgh. His +talents were immediately appreciated by the Kentuckians, +and he was placed in command of all the irregular troops +in that wild region. In 1776, the young commander exerted +himself with extraordinary ability to secure a political +organization and the means of defence to Kentucky, +and was so successful as to win the title of the founder of +the commonwealth.<a name="FNanchor_A" id="FNanchor_A"></a><a href="#Footnote_A" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p> +<p>In partisan service against the Indians, Clarke was active +and efficient; but his bold and comprehensive mind looked +to checking savage inroads at their sources. He saw at +a glance, that the red men were stimulated to outrages by +the British garrisons of Detroit, Vincennes and Kaskaskia, +and was satisfied that to put an end to them, those posts +must be captured. Having sent two spies to reconnoitre +Kaskaskia and Vincennes, and gained considerable intelligence +of the situation of the enemy, the enterprising commander +sought aid from the government of Virginia to +enable him to carry out his designs. After some delay, +money, supplies, and a few companies of troops were obtained. +Clarke then proceeded to Corn Island, opposite +the present city of Louisville. Here the objects of the +expedition were disclosed. Some of the men murmured, +and others attempted to desert; but the energy of Colonel +Clarke secured obedience and even enthusiasm.</p> +<p>The little band soon commenced its march through a +wild and difficult country, and on the 4th of July, 1778, +reached a spot within a few miles of the town of Kaskaskia. +Clarke made his arrangements for a surprise with +great skill and soon after dark, the town was captured +without shedding a drop of blood. The inhabitants were +at first terror-stricken and expected to be massacred, but +they were soon convinced of their mistake by the bearing +and representations of the Virginia commander. Cahokia +was captured shortly afterwards, without difficulty.</p> +<p>Clarke’s situation was now extremely critical, and he +duly appreciated the fact. Vincennes was still in front, +so garrisoned, that it seemed madness to attempt its capture +by direct attack. But a bold offensive movement +could alone render the conquests which had been made, +permanent and advantageous. A French priest, named +Gibault, secured the favor of the inhabitants of Vincennes +for the American interest, and the Indians of the neighborhood +were conciliated by the able management of Colonel +Clarke, who knew how to win the favor of the men +better than any other borderer; but on the 29th of January, +1779, intelligence was received at Kaskaskia, where +Clarke was then posted, that Governor Hamilton had taken +possession of Vincennes, and meditated the re-capture of +the other posts, preparatory to assailing the whole frontier, +as far as Fort Pitt.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw012.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 496px; height: 269px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 496px;'> +BATTLE OF POINT PLEASANT.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Clarke determined to act upon the offensive immediately, +as his only salvation. Mounting a galley with two four-pounders +and four swivels, and manning it with forty-six +men, he dispatched it up the Wabash, to the White +River, and on the 7th of February, 1779, marched from +Kaskaskia at the head of only one hundred and seventy +men, over the drowned lands of the Wabash, against the +British post. The march of Arnold by way of the Kennebec +to Canada can alone be placed as a parallel with this +difficult expedition. The indomitable spirit of Clarke sustained +the band through the most incredible fatigues. On +the 28th the expedition approached the town, still undiscovered. +The American commander then issued a proclamation, +intended to produce an impression that his force +was large and confident of success, and invested the fort. +So vigorously was the siege prosecuted that the garrison +was reduced to straits, and Governor Hamilton compelled +to capitulate. (24th of February, 1779.) This was a +brilliant achievement and reflected the highest honor upon +Colonel Clarke and his gallant band. Detroit was now in +full view, and Clarke was confident he could capture it if +he had but five hundred men; but he could not obtain +that number, till the chances of success were annihilated, +and thus his glorious expedition terminated. The object +of the enterprise, however, which was the checking of Indian +depredations, was accomplished. Clarke afterwards +engaged in other military enterprises and held high civil +offices in Kentucky; but at the capture of Vincennes his +fame reached its greatest brilliancy, and posterity will not +willingly let it die.</p> + +<hr style='width: 10%; border:none; border-bottom:1px solid black; clear:both; margin: 2em auto 1em 0' /> + +<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_A' id='Footnote_A'></a><a href='#FNanchor_A'><span class='label'>[A]</span></a> +<p style='font-size: small'> Butler.</p></div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw013.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 348px; height: 252px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='BENJAMIN_LOGAN' id='BENJAMIN_LOGAN'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_32' name='page_32'></a>32</span> +<h2>Benjamin Logan.</h2> +</div> + +<p>The real heroic spirit, which delights in braving the +greatest dangers in the cause of humanity, was embodied +in Benjamin Logan, one of the first settlers in Kentucky. +This distinguished borderer was born in Augusta county, +Virginia. At an early age he displayed the noble impulses +of his heart; for upon the death of his father, +when the laws of Virginia allowed him, as the eldest son, +the whole property of the intestate, he sold the farm and +distributed the money among his brothers and sisters, reserving +a portion for his mother. At the age of twenty-one, +Logan removed to the banks of the Holston, where +he purchased a farm, and married. He served in Dunmore’s +war. In 1775, he removed to Kentucky, and soon +became distinguished among the hardy frontiersmen for +firmness, prudence, and humanity. In the following year +he returned for his family, and brought them to a small +settlement called Logan’s Fort, not far from Harrodsburgh.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw014.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 339px; height: 517px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 339px;'> +LOGAN JOURNEYING INTO KENTUCKY.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>On the morning of the 20th of May, 1777, the women +were milking the cows at the gate of the little fort, and +some of the garrison attending them, when a party of +Indians appeared and fired at them. One man was shot +dead, and two more wounded, one of them mortally. The +whole party instantly ran into the fort, and closed the +gate. The enemy quickly showed themselves at the edge +of the canebrake, within rifle-shot of the gate, and seemed +numerous and determined. A spectacle was now presented +to the garrison which awakened interest and compassion. +A man, named Harrison, had been severely +wounded, and still lay near the spot where he had fallen. +The poor fellow strove to crawl towards the fort, and succeeded +in reaching a cluster of bushes, which, however, +were too thin to shelter his person from the enemy. His +wife and children in the fort were in deep distress at his +situation. The case was one to try the hearts of men. +The numbers of the garrison were so small, that it was +thought folly to sacrifice any more lives in striving to +save one seemingly far spent. Logan endeavored to persuade +some of the men to accompany him in a sally; but +the danger was so appalling that only one man, John +Martin, could be induced to make the attempt. The gate +was opened, and the two sallied forth, Logan leading the +way. They had advanced about five steps, when Harrison +made a vigorous attempt to rise, and Martin, supposing +him able to help himself, sprang back within the gate. +Harrison fell at full-length upon the grass. Logan paused +a moment after the retreat of Martin, then sprang forward +to the spot where Harrison lay, seized the wounded +man in his arms, and in spite of a tremendous shower of +balls poured from every side, reached the fort without receiving +a scratch, though the gate and picketing near +him were riddled and his clothes pierced in several places.</p> +<p>Soon afterwards, the heroic Logan again performed an +act of self-devotion. The fort was vigorously assailed, +and although the little garrison made a brave defence, +their destruction seemed imminent, on account of the +scarcity of ammunition. Holston was the nearest point +where supplies could be obtained. But who would brave +so many dangers in the attempt to procure it? No one +but Logan. After encouraging his men to hope for his +speedy return, he crawled through the Indian encampment +on a dark night, proceeded by by-paths, which no white +man had then trodden, reached Holston, obtained a supply +of powder and lead, returned by the same almost inaccessible +paths, and got safe within the walls of the fort. +The garrison was inspired with fresh courage, and in a +few days, the appearance of Colonel Bowman, with a body +of troops, compelled the savages to retire.</p> +<p>Logan led several expeditions into the Indian country, +and won a high renown as one of the boldest and most +successful of Kentucky’s heroes. When the Indian depredations +were, in a great measure, checked, he devoted +himself to civil affairs, and exerted considerable influence +upon the politics of the country. Throughout his career, +he was beloved and respected as a fearless, honest, and +intelligent man.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw015.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 241px; height: 310px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_38' name='page_38'></a>38</span> +<img src='images/hhw016.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 167px; height: 204px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='SAMUEL_BRADY' id='SAMUEL_BRADY'></a> +<h2>Samuel Brady.</h2> +</div> + +<p>Captain Samuel Brady was the Daniel Boone of +Western Pennsylvania. As brave as a lion, as swift as a +deer, and as cautious as a panther, he gave the Indians +reason to tremble at the mention of his name. As the +captain of the rangers he was the favorite of General +Brodhead, the commander of the Pennsylvania forces, +and regarded by the frontier inhabitants as their eye +and arm.</p> +<p>The father and brother of Captain Brady being killed +by the Indians, it is said that our hero vowed to revenge +their murder, and never be at peace with the Indians of +any tribe. Many instances of such dreadful vows, made +in moments of bitter anguish, occur in the history of our +border, and, when we consider the circumstances, we can +scarcely wonder at the number, though, as Christians, we +should condemn such bloody resolutions.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw017.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 296px; height: 325px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 296px;'> +GENERAL BRODHEAD.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Many of Brady’s exploits are upon record; and they +are entitled to our admiration for their singular daring +and ingenuity. One of the most remarkable is known in +border history as Brady’s Leap. The energetic Brodhead, +by an expedition into the Indian country, had delivered +such destructive blows that the savages were quieted for +a time. The general kept spies out, however, for the +purpose of guarding against sudden attacks on the settlements. +One of the scouting parties, under the command +of Captain Brady, had the French creek country assigned +as their field of duty. The captain reached the waters +of Slippery Rock, without seeing any signs of Indians. +Here, however, he came on a trail, in the evening, which +he followed till dark, without overtaking the enemy. The +next morning the pursuit was renewed, and Brady overtook +the Indians while they were at their morning meal. +Unfortunately, another party of savages was in his rear, +and when he fired upon those in front, he was in turn +fired upon from behind. He was now between two fires, +and greatly outnumbered. Two of his men fell, his tomahawk +was shot from his side, and the enemy shouted for +the expected triumph. There was no chance of successful +defence in the position of the rangers, and they were +compelled to break and flee.</p> +<p>Brady ran towards the creek. The Indians pursued, +certain of making him captive, on account of the direction +he had taken. To increase their speed, they threw +away their guns, and pressed forward with raised tomahawk. +Brady saw his only chance of escape, which was +to leap the creek, afterwards ascertained to be twenty-two +feet wide and twenty deep. Determined never to fall +alive into the hands of the Indians, he made a mighty +effort, sprang across the abyss of waters and stood rifle in +hand upon the opposite bank. As quick as lightning, he +proceeded to load his rifle. A large Indian, who had been +foremost in pursuit, came to the opposite bank, and after +magnanimously doing justice to the captain by exclaiming +“Blady make good jump!” made a rapid retreat.</p> +<p>Brady next went to the place appointed as a rendezvous +for his party, and finding there three of his men, commenced +his homeward march, about half defeated. Three Indians +had been killed while at their breakfast. The savages did +not return that season, to do any injury to the whites, and +early in the fall, moved off to join the British, who had to +keep them during the winter, their corn having been destroyed +by General Brodhead. Brady survived all his +perils and hardships and lived to see the Indians completely +humbled before those whites on whom they had committed +so many outrages.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw018.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 332px; height: 411px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 332px;'> +MASSACRE OF MRS. WHETZEL AND HER CHILDREN.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw019.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 311px; height: 189px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='LEWIS_WHETZEL' id='LEWIS_WHETZEL'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_45' name='page_45'></a>45</span> +<h2>Lewis Whetzel.</h2> +</div> + +<p>The Whetzel family is remembered in the west for the +courage, resolution, and skill in border warfare displayed +by four of its members. Their names were Martin, Lewis, +Jacob, and John. Of these, Lewis won the highest renown, +and it is doubtful whether Boone, Brady, or Kenton +equaled him in boldness of enterprise.</p> +<p>In the hottest part of the Indian war, old Mr. Whetzel, +who was a German, built his cabin some distance from +the fort at Wheeling. One day, during the absence of +the two oldest sons, Martin and John, a numerous party +of Indians surrounded the house, killed, tomahawked and +scalped old Mr. Whetzel, his wife, and the small children, +and carried off Lewis, who was then about thirteen years +old, and Jacob who was about eleven. Before the young +captives had been carried far, Lewis contrived their escape. +When these two boys grew to be men, they took a solemn +oath never to make peace with the Indians as long as they +had strength to wield a tomahawk or sight to draw a bead, +and they kept their oath.</p> +<p>The appearance of Lewis Whetzel was enough to strike +terror into common men. He was about five feet ten inches +high, having broad shoulders, a full breast, muscular limbs, +a dark skin, somewhat pitted by the small pox, hair which, +when combed out, reached to the calves of his legs, and +black eyes, whose excited and vindictive glance would +curdle the blood. He excelled in all exercises of strength +and activity, could load his rifle while running with almost +the swiftness of a deer, and was so habituated to constant +action, that an imprisonment of three days, as ordered by +General Harmar, was nearly fatal to him. He had the +most thorough self-reliance as his long, solitary and perilous +expeditions into the Indian country prove.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw020.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 283px; height: 429px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 283px;'> +INDIAN CHIEF.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>In the year of 1782, Lewis Whetzel went with Thomas +Mills, who had been in the campaign, to get a horse, +which he had left near the place where St. Clairsville now +stands. At the Indian Spring, two miles above St. Clairsville, +on the Wheeling road, they were met by about forty +Indians, who were in pursuit of the stragglers from the +campaign. The Indians and the white men discovered +each other about the same time. Lewis fired first, and +killed an Indian; the fire from the Indians wounded Mr. +Mills, and he was soon overtaken and killed. Four of +the Indians then singled out, dropped their guns, and +pursued Whetzel. Whetzel loaded his rifle as he ran. +After running about half a mile, one of the Indians having +got within eight or ten steps of him, Whetzel wheeled +round and shot him down, ran on, and loaded as before. +After going about three-quarters of a mile further, a second +Indian came so close to him, that when he turned to +fire, the Indian caught the muzzle of his gun, and as he +expressed it, he and the Indian had a severe wring for it; +he succeeded, however, in bringing the gun to the Indian’s +breast, and killed him on the spot. By this time, he, as +well as the Indians, were pretty well tired; the pursuit +was continued by the remaining two Indians. Whetzel, +as before, loaded his gun, and stopped several times during +the chase. When he did so the Indians treed themselves. +After going something more than a mile, Whetzel +took advantage of a little open piece of ground, +over which the Indians were passing, a short distance behind +him, to make a sudden stop for the purpose of shooting +the foremost, who got behind a little sapling, which +was too small to cover his body. Whetzel shot, and broke +his thigh; the wound, in the issue, proved fatal. The last +of the Indians then gave a little yell, and said, “No +catch dat man—gun always loaded,” and gave up the +chase; glad, no doubt, to get off with his life.</p> +<p>Another of this daring warrior’s exploits is worthy of +a place beside the most remarkable achievements of individual +valor. In the year 1787, a party of Indians crossed +the Ohio, killed a family, and scalped with impunity. This +murder spread great alarm through the sparse settlements +and revenge was not only resolved upon, but a handsome +reward was offered for scalps. Major McMahan, who often +led the borderers in their hardy expeditions, soon raised +a company of twenty men, among whom was Lewis Whetzel. +They crossed the Ohio and pursued the Indian trail +until they came to the Muskingum river. There the spies +discovered a large party of Indians encamped. Major +McMahan fell back a short distance, and held a conference +when a hasty retreat was resolved upon as the most prudent +course, Lewis Whetzel refused to take part in the +council, or join in the retreat. He said he came out to +hunt Indians; they were now found and he would either +lose his own scalp or take that of a “red skin.” All arguments +were thrown away upon this iron-willed man; he +never submitted to the advice or control of others. His +friends were compelled to leave him a solitary being surrounded +by vigilant enemies.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw021.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 497px; height: 303px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 497px;'> +LEWIS WHETZEL’S SINGULAR ESCAPE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>As soon as the major’s party had retired beyond the +reach of danger, Whetzel shouldered his rifle, and marched +off into a different part of the country, hoping that fortune +would place a lone Indian in his way. He prowled +through the woods like a panther, eager for prey, until +the next evening, when he discovered a smoke curling up +among the bushes. Creeping softly to the fire, he found +two blankets and a small copper kettle, and concluded +that it was the camp of two Indians. He concealed himself +in the thick brush, in such a position that he could +see the motions of the enemy. About sunset the two +Indians came in, cooked and ate their supper, and then sat +by the fire engaged in conversation. About nine o’clock +one of them arose, shouldered his rifle, took a chunk of +fire in his hand, and left the camp, doubtless in search of +a deer-lick. The absence of this Indian was a source of +vexation and disappointment to Whetzel, who had been so +sure of his prey. He waited until near break of day, and +still the expected one did not return. The concealed +warrior could delay no longer. He walked cautiously to +the camp, found his victim asleep, and drawing a knife +buried it in the red man’s heart. He then secured the +scalp, and set off for home, where he arrived only one day +after his companions. For the scalp, he claimed and +received the reward.</p> +<p>Here is another of Lewis Whetzel’s remarkable exploits. +Returning home from a hunt, north of the Ohio, +he was walking along in that reckless manner, which is a +consequence of fatigue, when his quick eye suddenly +caught sight of an Indian in the act of raising his gun to +fire. Both sprung like lightning to the woodman’s forts, +large trees, and there they stood for an hour, each afraid +of the other. This quiet mode of warfare did not suit +the restless Whetzel, and he set his invention to work to +terminate it. Placing his bear-skin cap on the end of +his ramrod, he protruded it slightly and cautiously as if +he was putting his head to reconnoitre, and yet was hesitating +in the venture. The simple savage was completely +deceived. As soon as he saw the cap, he fired and it fell. +Whetzel then sprang forward to the astonished red man, +and with a shot from the unerring rifle brought him to +the ground quite dead. The triumphant ranger then +pursued his march homeward.</p> +<p>But it was in a deliberate attack upon a party of four +Indians that our hero displayed the climax of daring and +resolution. While on a fall hunt, on the Muskingum, he +came upon a camp of four savages, and with but little +hesitation resolved to attempt their destruction. He concealed +himself till midnight, and then stole cautiously +upon the sleepers. As quick as thought, he cleft the +skull of one of them. A second met the same fate, and +as a third attempted to rise, confused by the horrid yells, +which Whetzel gave with his blows, the tomahawk stretched +him in death. The fourth Indian darted into the darkness +of the wood and escaped, although Whetzel pursued +him for some distance. Returning to camp, the ranger +scalped his victims and then left for home. When asked on +his return, “What luck?” he replied, “Not much. I treed +four Indians, and one got away.” Where shall we look for +deeds of equal daring and hardihood? Martin, Jacob, +and John Whetzel were bold warriors; and in the course +of the Indian war, they secured many scalps; but they +never obtained the reputation possessed by their brother, +Lewis. All must condemn cruelty wherever displayed, +but it is equally our duty to render just admiration to +courage, daring, and indomitable energy, qualities in which +the Whetzel brothers have rarely if ever been excelled.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw022.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 340px; height: 375px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 340px;'> +LEWIS WHETZEL’S STRATAGEM.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>General Clark, the companion of Lewis in the celebrated +tour across the Rocky Mountains, having heard much of +Lewis Whetzel, in Kentucky, determined to secure his +services for the exploring expedition. After considerable +hesitation, Whetzel consented to go, and accompanied the +party during the first three months’ travel, but then declined +going any further, and returned home. Shortly +after this, he left again on a flat-boat, and never returned. +He visited a relation, named Sikes, living about twenty +miles in the interior, from Natchez, and there made his +home, until the summer of 1808, when he died, leaving a +fame for valor and skill in border warfare, which will not +be allowed to perish.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw023.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 202px; height: 212px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_58' name='page_58'></a>58</span> +<img src='images/hhw024.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 193px; height: 312px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='CAFFREE_M_CLURE_AND_DAVIS' id='CAFFREE_M_CLURE_AND_DAVIS'></a> +<h2>Caffree, M’Clure, and Davis.</h2> +</div> + +<p>About 1784, horse-stealing was as common as hunting +to the whites and Indians of the west. Thefts and reprisals +were almost constantly made. Some southern +Indians having stolen horses from Lincoln county, Kentucky, +three young men, named Caffree, M’Clure, and +Davis, set out in pursuit of them. Coming in sight of an +Indian town, near the Tennessee river, they met three +red men. The two parties made signs of peace, shook +hands, and agreed to travel together. Both were suspicious, +however, and at length, from various indications, +the whites became satisfied of the treacherous intentions +of the Indians, and resolved to anticipate then. Caffree +being a very powerful man, proposed that he himself +should seize one Indian, while Davis and M’Clure should +shoot the other two. Caffree sprang boldly upon the +nearest Indian, grasped his throat firmly, hurled him to +the ground, and drawing a cord from his pocket attempted +to tie him. At the same instant, Davis and M’Clure attempted +to perform their respective parts. M’Clure +killed his man, but Davis’s gun missed fire. All three, +<i>i. e.</i> the two white men, and the Indian at whom Davis +had flashed, immediately took trees, and prepared for a +skirmish, while Caffree remained upon the ground with the +captured Indian—both exposed to the fire of the others. +In a few seconds, the savage at whom Davis had flashed, +shot Caffree as he lay upon the ground and gave him a +mortal wound—and was instantly shot in turn by M’Clure +who had reloaded his gun. Caffree becoming very weak, +called upon Davis to come and assist him in tying the Indian, +and directly afterwards expired. As Davis was +running up to the assistance of his friend—the Indian released +himself, killed his captor, sprung to his feet, +and seizing Caffree’s rifle, presented it menacingly at +Davis, whose gun was not in order for service, and who +ran off into the forest, closely pursued by the Indian. +M’Clure hastily reloaded his gun and taking the rifle which +Davis had dropped, followed them for some distance into +the forest, making all signals which had been concerted +between them in case of separation. All, however, was +vain—he saw nothing more of Davis, nor could he ever +afterwards learn his fate. As he never returned to Kentucky, +however, he probably perished.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw025.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 329px; height: 504px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 329px;'> +A SOUTHERN INDIAN.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>M’Clure, finding himself alone in the enemy’s country, +and surrounded by dead bodies, thought it prudent to +abandon the object of the expedition and return to Kentucky. +He accordingly retraced his steps, still bearing +Davis’ rifle in addition to his own. He had scarcely marched +a mile, before he saw advancing from the opposite direction, +an Indian warrior, riding a horse with a bell around +its neck, and accompanied by a boy on foot. Dropping +one of the rifles, which might have created suspicion, +M’Clure advanced with an air of confidence, extending his +hand and making other signs of peace. The opposite party +appeared frankly to receive his overtures, and dismounting, +seated himself upon a log, and drawing out his pipe, gave +a few puffs himself, and then handed it to M’Clure. In a +few minutes another bell was heard, at the distance of +half a mile, and a second party of Indians appeared upon +horseback. The Indian with M’Clure now coolly informed +him by signs that when the horseman arrived, he (M’Clure) +was to be bound and carried off as a prisoner with his feet +tied under the horse’s belly. In order to explain it more +fully, the Indian got astride of the log, and locked his legs +together underneath it. M’Clure, internally thanking the +fellow for his excess of candor, determined to disappoint +him, and while his enemy was busily engaged in riding +the log, and mimicking the actions of a prisoner, he very +quietly blew his brains out, and ran off into the woods. The +Indian boy instantly mounted the belled horse, and rode +off in an opposite direction. M’Clure was fiercely pursued +by several small Indian dogs, that frequently ran between +his legs and threw him down. After falling five or six +times, his eyes became full of dust and he was totally blind. +Despairing of escape, he doggedly lay upon his face, expecting +every instant to feel the edge of the tomahawk. +To his astonishment, however, no enemy appeared, and +even the Indian dogs after tugging at him for a few minutes, +and completely stripping him of his breeches, left +him to continue his journey unmolested. Finding every +thing quiet, in a few moments he arose, and taking up his +gun continued his march to Kentucky.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw026.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 315px; height: 399px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 315px;'> +CAFFREE KILLED BY THE INDIAN.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw027.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 236px; height: 180px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_66' name='page_66'></a>66</span> +<img src='images/hhw028.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 180px; height: 282px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='CHARLES_JOHNSTON' id='CHARLES_JOHNSTON'></a> +<h2>Charles Johnston.</h2> +</div> + +<p>In March, 1790 a boat, containing four men and two +women, passing down the Ohio, was induced by some +renegade whites to approach the shore, near the mouth +of the Sciota, and then attacked by a large party of Indians. +A Mr. John May and one of the women were +shot dead, and the others then surrendered. The chief +of the band was an old warrior, named Chickatommo, and +under his command were a number of renowned red men. +When the prisoners were distributed, a young man named +Charles Johnson, was given to a young Shawnee chief +who is represented to have been a noble character. His +name was Messhawa, and he had just reached the age +of manhood. His person was tall and seemingly rather +fitted for action than strength. His bearing was stately, +and his countenance expressive of a noble disposition. He +possessed great influence among those of his own tribe, +which he exerted on the side of humanity. On the +march, Messhawa repeatedly saved Johnson from the tortures +which the other savages delighted to inflict, and the +young captive saw some displays of generous exertion on +the part of the chief which are worthy of a place in border +history.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw029.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 308px; height: 450px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 308px;'> +MESSHAWA.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The warriors painted themselves in the most frightful +colors, and performed a war dance, with the usual accompaniments. +A stake, painted in alternate stripes of black +and vermilion, was fixed in the ground, and the dancers +moved in rapid but measured evolutions around it. They +recounted, with great energy, the wrongs they had received +from the whites.—Their lands had been taken from them—their +corn cut up—their villages burnt—their friends +slaughtered—every injury which they had received was +dwelt upon, until their passions had become inflamed beyond +control. Suddenly, Chickatommo darted from the +circle of dancers, and with eyes flashing fire, ran up to +the spot where Johnston was sitting, calmly contemplating +the spectacle before him. When within reach he struck +him a furious blow with his fist, and was preparing to repeat +it, when Johnston seized him by the arms, and hastily +demanded the cause of such unprovoked violence. +Chickatommo, grinding his teeth with rage, shouted +“Sit down, sit down!” Johnston obeyed, and the Indian, +perceiving the two children within ten steps of him, +snatched up a tomahawk, and advanced upon them with a +quick step, and a determined look. The terrified little +creatures instantly arose from the log on which they were +sitting, and fled into the woods, uttering the most piercing +screams, while their pursuer rapidly gained upon them +with uplifted tomahawk. The girl, being the youngest, +was soon overtaken, and would have been tomahawked, +had not Messhawa bounded like a deer to her relief. He +arrived barely in time to arrest the uplifted tomahawk +of Chickatommo, after which, he seized him by the collar +and hurled him violently backward to the distance of +several paces. Snatching up the child in his arms, he +then ran after the brother, intending to secure him likewise +from the fury of his companion, but the boy, misconstruing +his intention, continued his flight with such rapidity, +and doubled several times with such address, that +the chase was prolonged to the distance of several hundred +yards. At length Messhawa succeeded in taking +him. The boy, thinking himself lost, uttered a wild cry, +which was echoed by his sister, but both were instantly +calmed. Messhawa took them in his arms, spoke to them +kindly, and soon convinced them that they had nothing +to fear from him. He quickly reappeared, leading them +gently by the hand, and soothing them in the Indian language, +until they both clung to him closely for protection.</p> +<p>No other incident disturbed the progress of the ceremonies, +nor did Chickatommo appear to resent the violent +interference of Messhawa.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw030.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 294px; height: 370px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 294px;'> +CHICKATOMMO.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>After undergoing many hardships, Johnston was taken +to Sandusky, where he was ransomed by a French trader. +Messhawa took leave of his young captive with many +expressions of esteem and friendship. This noble chief +was in the battle of the Fallen Timber and afterwards became +a devoted follower of the great Tecumseh—thus +proving that while he was as humane as a civilized man, +he was patriotic and high-spirited enough to resent the +wrongs of his people. He was killed at the battle of the +Thames, where the power of the Shawnees was for ever +crushed.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw031.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 291px; height: 271px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw032.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 197px; height: 262px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='JOSEPH_LOGSTON' id='JOSEPH_LOGSTON'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_74' name='page_74'></a>74</span> +<h2>Joseph Logston.</h2> +</div> + +<p>Big Joe Logston was a noted character in the early +history of the west. He was born and reared among the +Alleghany mountains, near the source of the north branch +of the Potomac, some twenty or thirty miles from any +settlement. He was tall, muscular, excelled in all the +athletic sports of the border, and was a first-rate shot. +Soon after Joe arrived at years of discretion, his parents +died, and he went out to the wilds of Kentucky. There, +Indian incursions compelled him to take refuge in a fort. +This pent up life was not at all to Joe’s taste. He soon +became very restless, and every day insisted on going out +with others to hunt up cattle. At length no one would +accompany him, and he resolved to go out alone. He rode +the greater part of the day without finding any cattle, +and then concluded to return to the fort. As he was +riding along, eating some grapes, with which he had filled +his hat, he heard the reports of the two rifles; one ball +passed through the paps of his breast, which were very +prominent, and the other struck the horse behind the +saddle, causing the beast to sink in its tracks.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw033.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 338px; height: 519px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 338px;'> +INDIANS AMBUSHED FOR JOE LOGSTON.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Joe was on his feet in an instant and might have taken +to his heels with the chances of escape greatly in his favor. +But to him flight was never agreeable. The moment the +guns were fired, an Indian sprang forward with an uplifted +tomahawk; but as Joe raised his rifle, the savage jumped +behind two saplings, and kept springing from one to the +other to cover his body. The other Indian was soon discovered +behind a tree loading his gun. When in the act +of pushing down his bullet, he exposed his hips and Joe +fired a load into him. The first Indian then sprang forward +and threw his tomahawk at the head of the white +warrior, who dodged it. Joe then clubbed his gun and +made at the savage, thinking to knock him down. In +striking, he missed, and the gun now reduced to the naked +barrel, flew out of his hands. The two men then sprang +at each other with no other weapons than those of nature. +A desperate scuffle ensued. Joe could throw the Indian +down, but could not hold him there. At length, however, +by repeated heavy blows, he succeeded in keeping him +down, and tried to choke him with the left hand while he +kept the right free for contingencies. Directly, Joe saw +the savage trying to draw a knife from its sheath, and +waiting till it was about half way out, he grasped it quickly +and sank it up to the handle in the breast of his foe, who +groaned and expired.</p> +<p>Springing to his feet, Joe saw the Indian he had crippled, +propped against a log, trying to raise his gun to fire, but +falling forward, every time he made the attempt. The +borderer, having enough of fighting for one day, and not +caring to be killed by a crippled Indian, made for the fort, +where he arrived about nightfall. He was blood and dirt +from crown to toe, and without horse, hat, or gun.</p> +<p>The next morning a party went to Joe’s battle-ground. +On looking round, they found a trail, as if something had +been dragged away, and at a little distance they came +upon the big Indian, covered up with leaves. About a +hundred yards farther, they found the Indian Joe had +crippled, lying on his back, with his own knife sticking up +to the hilt in his body, just below the breast bone, evidently +to show that he had killed himself. Some years after this +fight, Big Joe Logston lost his life in a contest with a gang +of outlaws. He was one of those characters who were necessary +to the settlement of the west, but who would not +have been highly esteemed in civilized society.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw034.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 345px; height: 465px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 345px;'> +INDIAN IN AMBUSH<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_81' name='page_81'></a>81</span> +<img src='images/hhw035.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 313px; height: 183px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='JESSE_HUGHES' id='JESSE_HUGHES'></a> +<h2>Jesse Hughes.</h2> +</div> + +<p>Jesse Hughes was born and reared in Clarksburgh, +Harrison county, Virginia, on the head-waters of the Monongahela. +He was a light-built, active man, and from +his constant practice became one of the best hunters and +Indian fighters on the frontier. Having a perfect knowledge +of all the artifices of the Indians, he was quick to +devise expedients to frustrate them. Of this, the following +exploit is an illustration. At a time of great danger +from Indian incursions, when the citizens in the neighborhood +where in a fort at Clarksburgh, Hughes one +morning observed a lad very hurriedly engaged in fixing +his gun.</p> +<p>“Jim,” said he, “what are you doing that for?”</p> +<p>“I am going to shoot a turkey that I hear gobbling on +the hill side,” replied Jim.</p> +<p>“I hear no turkey,” said Hughes.</p> +<p>“Listen,” said Jim. “There, didn’t you hear it? +Listen again!”</p> +<p>“Well,” said Hughes, after hearing it repeated, “I’ll +go and kill it.”</p> +<p>“No you won’t. It’s my turkey. I heard it first,” +said Jim.</p> +<p>“Well,” said Hughes, “but you know I am the best +marksman; and besides, I don’t want the turkey, you +may have it.”</p> +<p>The lad then agreed that Hughes should go and kill it +for him. Hughes went out of the fort on the side that +was farthest from the supposed turkey, and running along +the river, went up a ravine and came in on the rear, where, +as he expected, he saw an Indian, sitting on a chestnut +stump, surrounded by sprouts, gobbling and watching to +see if any one would come from the fort to kill the turkey. +Hughes crept up and shot him dead. The successful +ranger then took off the scalp, and went into the fort, +where Jim was waiting for the prize.</p> +<p>“There, now,” said Jim, “you have let the turkey +go. I would have killed it if I had gone.”</p> +<p>“No,” said Hughes, “I didn’t let it go,” and he threw +down the scalp. “There, take your turkey, Jim; I don’t +want it.”</p> +<p>The lad nearly fainted, as he thought of the death he +had so narrowly escaped, owing to the keen perception +and good management of Mr. Hughes.</p> +<p>The sagacity of our border hero was fully proved upon +another occasion. About 1790, the Indians visited +Clarksburgh, in the night, and contrived to steal a few +horses, with which they made a hasty retreat. About +daylight the next morning, a party of twenty-five or thirty +men, among whom was Jesse Hughes, started in pursuit. +They found a trail just outside of the settlement, and from +the signs, supposed that the marauding party consisted +of eight or ten Indians. A council was held to determine +how the pursuit should be continued. Mr. Hughes was +opposed to following the trail. He said he could pilot the +party to the spot where the Indians would cross the Ohio, +by a nearer way than the enemy could go, and thus render +success certain. But the captain of the party insisted on +following the trail. Mr. Hughes then pointed out the +dangers of such a course. Suddenly, the captain, with +unreasonable obstinacy, called aloud to those who were +brave to follow him and let the cowards go home. Hughes +knew the captain’s remark was intended for him, but +smothered his indignation and went on with the party.</p> +<p>They had not pursued very far when the trail went down +a drain, where the ridge on one side was very steep, with +a ledge of rocks for a considerable distance. On the top +of the cliff, two Indians lay in ambush, and when the +company got opposite to them, they made a noise, which +caused the whites to stop; that instant two of the company +were mortally wounded, and before the rangers +could get round to the top of the cliff, the Indians made +their escape with ease. This was as Hughes had predicted. +All then agreed that the plan rejected by the +captain was the best, and urged Hughes to lead them to +the Ohio river. This he consented to do, though fearful +that the Indians would cross before he could reach +the point. Leaving some of the company to take care +of the wounded men, the party started, and arrived at +the Ohio the next day, about an hour after the Indians +had crossed. The water was yet muddy in the horses’ +trails, and the rafts that the red men had used were +floating down the opposite shore. The company was +now unanimous for returning home. Hughes said he +wanted to find out who the cowards were. He said that +if any of them would go with him, he would cross the +river, and scalp some of the Indians. Not one could be +found to accompany the daring ranger, who thus had full +satisfaction for the captain’s insult. He said he would go +by himself, and take a scalp, or leave his own with the +savages. The company started for home, and Hughes +went up the river three or four miles, then made a raft, +crossed the river, and camped for the night. The next +day, he found the Indian trail, pursued it very cautiously, +and about ten miles from the Ohio, came upon the camp. +There was but one Indian in it; the rest were all out +hunting. The red man was seated, singing, and playing +on some bones, made into a rude musical instrument, +when Hughes crept up and shot him. The ranger then +took the scalp, and hastened home in triumph, to tell his +adventures to his less daring companions.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw036.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 515px; height: 299px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 515px;'> +FORT HENRY.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_87' name='page_87'></a>87</span> +<img src='images/hhw037.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 317px; height: 209px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='SIEGE_OF_FORT_HENRY' id='SIEGE_OF_FORT_HENRY'></a> +<h2>Siege of Fort Henry.</h2> +</div> + +<p>The siege of Fort Henry, at the mouth of Wheeling +creek, in the year 1777, is one of the most memorable +events in Indian warfare—remarkable for the indomitable +bravery displayed by the garrison in general, and for +some thrilling attendant incidents. The fort stood immediately +on the left bank of the Ohio river, about a quarter +of a mile above Wheeling creek, and at much less distance +from an eminence which rises abruptly from the +bottom land. The space inclosed was about three quarters +of an acre. In shape the fort was a parallelogram, having +a block-house at each corner with lines of pickets eight +feet high between. Within the inclosures was a store-house, +barrack-rooms, garrison-well, and a number of cabins for +the use of families. The principal entrance was a gateway +on the eastern side of the fort. Much of the adjacent land +was cleared and cultivated, and near the base of the hill +stood some twenty-five or thirty cabins, which form the +rude beginning of the present city of Wheeling. The fort +is said to have been planned by General George Rogers +Clarke; and was constructed by Ebenezer Zane and John +Caldwell. When first erected, it was called Fort Fincastle +but the name was afterwards changed in compliment to +Patrick Henry the renowned orator and patriotic governor +of Virginia.</p> +<p>At the time of the commencement of the siege, the garrison +of Fort Henry numbered only forty-two men, some +of whom were enfeebled by age while others were mere boys. +All, however, were excellent marksmen, and most of them, +skilled in border warfare. Colonel David Shepherd, was a +brave and resolute officer in whom the borderers had full confidence. +The store-house was well-supplied with small arms, +particularly muskets, but sadly deficient in ammunition.</p> +<p>In the early part of September, 1777, it was ascertained +that a large Indian army was concentrating on the Sandusky +river, under the command of the bold, active, and +skilful renegade, Simon Girty. Colonel Shepherd had +many trusty and efficient scouts on the watch; but Girty +deceived them all and actually brought his whole force +of between four and five hundred Indians before Fort +Henry before his real object was discovered.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw038.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 349px; height: 388px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 349px;'> +PATRICK HENRY.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>On the 26th, an alarm being given all the inhabitants +in the vicinity repaired to the fort for safety. At break +of day, on the 27th, Colonel Shepherd, wishing to dispatch +an express to the nearest settlements for aid, sent a white +man and a negro to bring in some horses. While these +men were passing through the cornfield south of the fort, +they encountered a party of six Indians, one of whom +raised his gun and brought the white man to the ground. +The negro fled and reached the fort without receiving any +injury. As soon as he related his story, Colonel Shepherd +dispatched Captain Mason, with fourteen men, to dislodge +the Indians from the cornfield. Mason marched almost to the +creek without finding any Indians, and was about to return, +when he was furiously assailed in front, flank and rear by +the whole of Girty’s army. Of course, the little band was +thrown into confusion, but the brave captain rallied his +men, and taking the lead, hewed a passage through the +savage host. In the struggle, more than half of the party +were slain, and the gallant Mason severely wounded. An +Indian fired at the captain at the distance of five paces +and wounded, but did not disable him. Turning about, +he hurled his gun, felled the savage to the earth, and then +succeeded in hiding himself in a pile of fallen timbers, where +he was compelled to remain to the end of the siege. Only +two of his men survived the fight, and they owed their +safety to the heaps of logs and brush which abounded in +the cornfield.</p> +<p>As soon as the perilous situation of Captain Mason became +known at the fort, Captain Ogle was sent out with +twelve men, to cover his retreat. This party fell into an +ambuscade and two-thirds of the number were slain upon +the spot. Captain Ogle found a place of concealment, +where he was obliged to remain until the end of the siege. +Sergeant Jacob Ogle, though mortally wounded, managed +to escape, with two soldiers into the woods.</p> +<p>The Indian army now advanced to the assault, with +terrific yells. A few shots from the garrison, however, +compelled them to halt. Girty then changed the order +of attack. Parties of Indians were placed in such of the +village-houses as commanded a view of the block-houses. +A strong party occupied the yard of Ebenezer Zane, about +fifty yards from the fort, using a paling fence as a cover, +while the main force was posted under cover on the edge +of a cornfield to act as occasion might require.</p> +<p>Girty then appeared at the window of a cabin, with a +white flag in his hand, and demanded the surrender of +the fort in the name of his Britanic majesty. At this +time, the garrison numbered only twelve men and two +boys. Yet the gallant Colonel Shepherd promptly replied +to the summons, that the fort should never be surrendered +to the renegade. Girty renewed his proposition, +but before he could finish his harangue, a thoughtless +youth fired at the speaker and brought the conference to +an abrupt termination. Girty disappeared, and in about +fifteen minutes, the Indians opened a heavy fire upon the +fort, and continued it without much intermission for the +space of six hours. The fire of the little garrison, however, +was much more destructive than that of the assailants. +About one o’clock, the Indians ceased firing and +fell back against the base of the hill.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw039.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 289px; height: 343px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 289px;'> +THE ALARM AT FORT HENRY.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The colonel resolved to take advantage of the intermission +to send for a keg of powder, which was known to +be in the house of Ebenezer Zane, about sixty yards from +the fort. Several young men promptly volunteered for +this dangerous service; but Shepherd could only spare +one, and the young men could not determine who that +should be. At this critical moment, a young lady, sister +of Ebenezer Zane, came forward, and asked that she +might be permitted to execute the service; and so earnestly +did she argue for the proposition, that permission +was reluctantly granted. The gate was opened, and the +heroic girl passed out. The opening of the gate arrested +the attention of several Indians who were straggling +through the village, but they permitted Miss Zane to pass +without molestation. When she reappeared with the +powder in her arms, the Indians, suspecting the character +of her burden, fired a volley at her, but she reached the +fort in safety. Let the name of Elizabeth Zane be +remembered among the heroic of her sex.</p> +<p>About half-past two o’clock, the savages again advanced +and renewed their fire. An impetuous attack was +made upon the south side of the fort, but the garrison +poured upon the assailants a destructive fire from the two +lower block-houses. At the same time, a party of eighteen +or twenty Indians, armed with rails and billets of wood, +rushed out of Zane’s yard and made an attempt to force +open the gate of the fort. Five or six of the number were +shot down, and then the attempt was abandoned. The +Indians then opened a fire upon the fort from all sides, +except that next the river, which afforded no shelter to +besiegers. On the north and east the battle raged fiercely. +As night came on the fire of the enemy slackened. Soon +after dark, a party of savages advanced within sixty yards +of the fort, bringing a hollow maple log which they had +loaded to the muzzle and intended to use it as a cannon. +The match was applied and the wooden piece bursted, +killing or wounding several of those who stood near it. +The disappointed party then dispersed.</p> +<p>Late in the evening, Francis Duke, son-in-law of Colonel +Shepherd, arriving from the Forks of Wheeling, was +shot down before he could reach the fort. About four +o’clock next morning, Colonel Swearingen, with fourteen +men, arrived from Cross Creek, and was fortunate enough +to fight his way into the fort without losing a single man.</p> +<p>This reinforcement was cheering to the wearied garrison. +More relief was at hand. About daybreak, +Major Samuel M’Culloch, with forty mounted men from +Short Creek, arrived. The gate was thrown open, and +the men, though closely beset by the enemy, entered the +fort. But Major M’Culloch was not so fortunate. The +Indians crowded round and separated him from the +party. After several ineffectual attempts to force his +way to the gate, he turned and galloped off in the direction +of Wheeling Hill.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw040.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 355px; height: 422px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 355px;'> +DARING FEAT OF ELIZABETH ZANE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>When he was hemmed in by the Indians before the fort, +they might have taken his life without difficulty, but they +had weighty reasons for desiring to take him alive. From +the very commencement of the war, his reputation as an +Indian hunter was as great as that of any white man on +the north-western border. He had participated in so +many rencontres that almost every warrior possessed a +knowledge of his person. Among the Indians his name +was a word of terror; they cherished against him feelings +of the most phrenzied hatred, and there was not a Mingo +or Wyandotte chief before Fort Henry who would not have +given the lives of twenty of his warriors to secure to himself +the living body of Major M’Culloch. When, therefore, +the man whom they had long marked out as the first +object of their vengeance, appeared in their midst, they +made almost superhuman efforts to acquire possession of +his person. The fleetness of M’Culloch’s well-trained steed +was scarcely greater than that of his enemies, who, with +flying strides, moved on in pursuit. At length the hunter +reached the top of the hill, and, turning to the left, darted +along the ridge with the intention of making the best of +his way to Shor’ creek. A ride of a few hundred yards +in that direction brought him suddenly in contact with a +party of Indians who were returning to their camp from a +marauding excursion to Mason’s Bottom, on the eastern +side of the hill. This party being too formidable in numbers +to encounter single-handed, the major turned his horse +about and rode over his own track, in the hope of discovering +some other avenue to escape. A few paces only of his +countermarch had been made, when he found himself confronted +by his original pursuers, who had, by this time, +gained the top of the ridge, and a third party was discovered +pressing up the hill directly on his right. He was +now completely hemmed in on three sides, and the fourth +was almost a perpendicular precipice of one hundred and +fifty feet descent, with Wheeling creek at its base. The +imminence of his danger allowed him but little time to +reflect upon his situation. In an instant he decided upon +his course. Supporting his rifle in his left hand and carefully +adjusting his reins with the other, he urged his horse +to the brink of the bluff, and then made the leap which decided +his fate. In the next moment the noble steed, still +bearing his intrepid rider in safety, was at the foot of the +precipice. M’Culloch immediately dashed across the creek, +and was soon beyond reach of the Indians.</p> +<p>After the escape of the major, the Indians concentrated +at the foot of the hill, and soon after set fire to all the +houses and fences outside of the fort, and killed about three +hundred cattle. They then raised the siege and retired.</p> +<p>The whole loss sustained by the whites during this remarkable +siege, was twenty-six men killed and four or five +wounded. The loss of the enemy was from sixty to one +hundred men. As they removed their dead, exact information +on the subject could not be obtained.</p> +<p>The gallant Colonel Shepherd deserved the thanks of +the frontier settlers for his conduct on this occasion, and +Governor Henry appointed him county lieutenant as a +token of his esteem. A number of females, who were in +the fort, undismayed by the dreadful strife, employed +themselves in running bullets and performing various little +services; and thus excited much enthusiasm among the +men. Perhaps, a more heroic band was never gathered +together in garrison than that which defended Fort Henry, +and it would be unjust to mention any one as particularly +distinguished. We have named the commander only because +of his position.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw041.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 358px; height: 553px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 358px;'> +TREMENDOUS LEAP OF MAJOR M’CULLOCH.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_103' name='page_103'></a>103</span> +<img src='images/hhw042.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 315px; height: 185px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='SIMON_GIRTY' id='SIMON_GIRTY'></a> +<h2>Simon Girty.</h2> +</div> + +<p>During the long warfare maintained between the pioneers +of the west and the Indians, the latter were greatly +assisted by some renegade white men. Of these, Simon +Girty was the most noted and influential. He led several +important expeditions against the settlements of Virginia +and Kentucky, displayed much courage, energy, and conduct, +and was the object of bitter hatred on the frontier. +Recent investigations into the stirring events of his career +have shown that however bad he might have been, much +injustice has been done his memory by border historians.</p> +<p>Simon Girty was born and reared in Western Pennsylvania, +near the Virginia line. His parents are said to +have been very dissipated, and this, perhaps, had some +influence in disgusting him with life in the settlements. +Becoming skilled in woodcraft, he served with young +Simon Kenton, as a scout upon the frontiers. He joined +the Virginia army in Dunmore’s wars, and, it is said, +showed considerable ambition to become distinguished as +a soldier. He was disappointed, and so far from gaining +promotion, was, for a trifling offence, publicly disgraced, +it is said, through the influence of Colonel Gibson. The +proud spirit of Girty could not brook such a blow. With +a burning thirst for revenge, he fled from the settlements, +and took refuge among the Wyandottes.</p> +<p>The talents of the renegade were of the kind and of the +degree to secure influence among the red men. He excelled +the majority of them in council and field, and neither +forgave a foe, nor forgot a friend. He was successful +in many expeditions after plunder and scalps, and spared +none because they were of his own race. He was cruel +as many of the borderers were cruel. Becoming an Indian, +he had an Indian’s hatred of the whites. The borderers +seldom showed a red man mercy, and they could +not expect any better treatment in return.</p> +<p>The exertions of Girty to save his friend, Simon Kenton, +from a horrible death, have been noticed in another place. +That he did not make such exertions more frequently on +the side of humanity is scarcely a matter of wonder—inasmuch +as he could not have done so consistently with +a due regard to his own safety. After he had become a +renegade, the borderers would not permit a return; and +as he was forced to reside among the Indians, he was +right in securing their favor. Besides saving Kenton, he +posted his brother, James Girty, upon the banks of the +Ohio, to warn passengers in boats not to be lured to the +shore by the arts of the Indians, or of the white men in +their service. This was a pure act of humanity. The +conduct of Girty on another memorable occasion, the +burning of Colonel William Crawford, was more suspicious.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw043.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 259px; height: 348px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 259px;'> +COLONEL CRAWFORD AND HIS FRIENDS, PRISONERS.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>In the early part of the year 1782, the incursions of +the Indians became so harassing and destructive to the +inhabitants of Western Pennsylvania, that an expedition +against the Wyandotte towns was concerted, and the command +given to Colonel Crawford. On the 22d of May, +the army, consisting of four hundred and fifty men, commenced +its march, and proceeded due west as far as the +Moravian towns, where some of the volunteers deserted. +The main body, however, marched on, with unabated +spirit. The Indians, discovering the advance of the invaders +gathered a considerable force, and took up a strong +position, determined to fight. Crawford moved forward +in order of battle, and on the afternoon of the 6th of June, +encountered the enemy. The conflict continued fiercely +until night, when the Indians drew off, and Crawford’s +men slept on the field. In the morning, the battle was +renewed, but at a greater distance, and, during the day, +neither party suffered much. The delay, however, was +fatal to Crawford; for the Indians received large reinforcements. +As soon as it was dark, a council of war +was held, and it was resolved to retreat as rapidly as +possible. By nine o’clock, all the necessary arrangements +had been made, and the retreat began in good order. +After an advance of about a hundred yards, a firing was +heard in the rear, and the troops, seized with a panic, +broke and fled in confusion, each man trying to save himself. +The Indians came on rapidly in pursuit and plied +the tomahawk and scalping-knife without mercy. Colonel +Crawford and Dr. Knight were captured, at a distance +from the main body—which was soon dispersed in every +direction.</p> +<p>On the morning of the 10th of June, Crawford, Knight, +and nine other prisoners, were conducted to the old town +of Sandusky. The main body of the Indians halted within +eight miles of the village; but as Colonel Crawford expressed +great anxiety to speak with Simon Girty, who was +then at Sandusky, he was permitted to go under the care +of the Indians. On the morning of the 11th of June, the +colonel was brought back from Sandusky on purpose to +march into town with the other prisoners. To Knight’s +inquiry as to whether he had seen Girty, he replied in the +affirmative, and added, that the renegade had promised to +use his influence for the safety of the prisoners, though as +the Indians were much exasperated by the recent outrages +of the whites at Guadenhutten upon the unresisting Moravian +red men, he was fearful that all pleading would be +in vain.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw044.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 322px; height: 598px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<p>Soon afterwards, Captain Pipe, the great chief of the +Delawares, appeared. This distinguished warrior had a +prepossessing appearance and bland manners, and his +language to the prisoners was kind. His purposes, however, +were bloody and revengeful. With his own hands +he painted every prisoner black! As they were conducted +towards the town, the captives observed the bodies of four +of their friends, tomahawked and scalped. This was regarded +as a sad presage. In a short time, they overtook +the five prisoners who remained alive. They were seated +on the ground, and surrounded by a crowd of Indian +squaws and boys, who taunted and menaced them. Crawford +and Knight were compelled to sit down apart from +the rest, and immediately afterwards the doctor was given +to a Shawnee warrior, to be conducted to their town. The +boys and squaws then fell upon the other prisoners, and +tomahawked them in a moment. Crawford was then +driven towards the village, Girty accompanying the party +on horseback.</p> +<p>Presently, a large fire was seen, around which were more +than thirty warriors, and about double that number of +boys and squaws. As soon as the colonel arrived, he was +stripped naked, and compelled to sit on the ground. The +squaws and boys then fell upon him, and beat him severely +with their fists and sticks. In a few minutes, a large +stake was fixed in the ground, and piles of hickory poles +were spread around it.</p> +<p>Colonel Crawford’s hands were then tied behind his +back; a strong rope was produced, one end of which was +fastened to the ligature between his wrists, and the other +tied to the bottom of the stake. The rope was long enough +to permit him to walk round the stake several times and +then return. Fire was then applied to the hickory poles, +which lay in piles at the distance of six or seven yards +from the stake.</p> +<p>The colonel observing these terrible preparations, called +to Girty, who sat on horseback, at the distance of a few +yards from the fire, and asked if the Indians were going +to burn him. Girty replied in the affirmative. The colonel +heard the intelligence with firmness, merely observing +that he would bear it with fortitude. When the hickory +poles had been burnt asunder in the middle, Captain Pipe +arose and addressed the crowd, in a tone of great energy, +and with animated gestures, pointing frequently to the +colonel, who regarded him with an appearance of unruffled +composure. As soon as he had ended, a loud whoop burst +from the assembled throng, and they all rushed at once +upon the unfortunate Crawford. For several seconds, the +crowd was so great around him, that Knight could not see +what they were doing; but in a short time, they had dispersed +sufficiently to give him a view of the colonel.</p> +<p>His ears had been cut off, and the blood was streaming +down each side of his face. A terrible scene of torture +now commenced. The warriors shot charges of powder +into his naked body, commencing with the calves of his +legs, and continuing to his neck. The boys snatched the +burning hickory poles and applied them to his flesh. As +fast as he ran around the stake, to avoid one party of tormentors, +he was promptly met at every turn by others, +with burning poles, red hot irons, and rifles loaded with +powder only; so that in a few minutes nearly one hundred +charges of powder had been shot into his body, which had +become black and blistered in a dreadful manner. The +squaws would take up a quantity of coals and hot ashes, +and throw them upon his body, so that in a few minutes +he had nothing but fire to walk upon.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw045.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 342px; height: 589px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 342px;'> +CAPTAIN PIPE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>In the extremity of his agony, the unhappy colonel called +aloud upon Girty, in tones which rang through Knight’s +brain with maddening effect: “Girty! Girty!! shoot me +through the heart!! Quick! quick!! Do not refuse me!!”</p> +<p>“Don’t you see I have no gun, colonel!!” replied the renegade, +bursting into a loud laugh, and then turning to an +Indian beside him, he uttered some brutal jests upon the +naked and miserable appearance of the prisoner. While +this awful scene was being acted, Girty rode up to the spot +where Dr. Knight stood, and told him that he had now had +a foretaste of what was in reserve for him at the Shawnee +towns. He swore that he need not expect to escape death, +but should suffer it in all the extremity of torture.</p> +<p>Knight, whose mind was deeply agitated at the sight +of the fearful scene before him, took no notice of Girty, +but preserved an impenetrable silence. Girty, after contemplating +the colonel’s sufferings for a few moments, +turned again to Knight, and indulged in a bitter invective +against a certain Colonel Gibson, from whom, he said, he +had received deep injury; and dwelt upon the delight with +which he would see him undergo such tortures as those +which Crawford was then suffering. He observed, in a +taunting tone, that most of the prisoners had said, that +the white people would not injure him, if the chance of +war was to throw him into their power; but that for his +own part, he should be loath to try the experiment. “I +think, (added he with a laugh,) that they would roast me +alive, with more pleasure than those red fellows are now +broiling the colonel! What is your opinion, doctor? Do you +think they would be glad to see me?” Still Knight made +no answer, and in a few minutes Girty rejoined the Indians.</p> +<p>The terrible scene had now lasted more than two hours, +and Crawford had become much exhausted. He walked +slowly around the stake, spoke in a low tone, and earnestly +besought God to look with compassion upon him, and pardon +his sins. His nerves had lost much of their sensibility, and +he no longer shrunk from the firebrands with which they +incessantly touched him. At length he sunk in a fainting +fit upon his face, and lay motionless. Instantly an Indian +sprung upon his back, knelt lightly upon one knee, made +a circular incision with his knife upon the crown of his +head, and clapping the knife between his teeth, tore the +scalp off with both hands. Scarcely had this been done, +when a withered hag approached with a board full of +burning embers, and poured them upon the crown of his +head, now laid bare to the bone. The colonel groaned +deeply, arose, and again walked slowly around the stake! +But why continue a description so horrible? Nature at +length could endure no more, and at a late hour in the +night, he was released by death from the hands of his +tormentors.<a name="FNanchor_B" id="FNanchor_B"></a><a href="#Footnote_B" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> +<p>Whether Girty really took pleasure in the torture of +Colonel Crawford, or was forced by circumstances to seem +to enjoy it is a question which historians have generally +been in too much haste to determine. It is well known +that at the time of Crawford’s expedition the Indians +were very much exasperated by the cold-blooded slaughter +of the Moravian red men at Guadenhutten—an atrocity +without a parallel in border warfare, and to have seemed +merciful to the whites for a single moment would have been +fatal to Girty. Indeed, it is said, that, when he spoke of +ransoming the colonel, Captain Pipe threatened him with +death at the stake. Let justice be rendered even to the +worst of criminals.</p> +<p>Dr. Knight, made bold or desperate by the torture he +had witnessed, effected his escape from the Shawnee warrior +to whose care he was committed, and after much suffering, +reached the settlements. From him the greater +portion of the account of Crawford’s death is derived, and +corrected by the statements of Indians present on the +occasion. Simon Girty never forsook the Indians among +whom he had made his home; but his influence gradually +diminished. Some accounts say that he perished in the +battle of the Thames; while others assert that he lived +to extreme old age in Canada, where his descendants are +now highly respected citizens.</p> + +<hr style='width: 10%; border:none; border-bottom:1px solid black; clear:both; margin: 2em auto 1em 0' /> + +<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_B' id='Footnote_B'></a><a href='#FNanchor_B'><span class='label'>[B]</span></a> +<p style='font-size: small'> M’Clurg.</p></div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw046.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 136px; height: 146px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw047.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 177px; height: 150px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='JOSHUA_FLEEHART' id='JOSHUA_FLEEHART'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_118' name='page_118'></a>118</span> +<h2>Joshua Fleehart.</h2> +</div> + +<p>Extraordinary strength and activity, with the most +daring courage and a thorough knowledge of life in the +woods, won for Joshua Fleehart a high reputation among +the first settler’s of Western Virginia and Ohio. When +the Ohio Company founded its settlement at Marietta, in +April, 1778, Fleehart was employed as a scout and a +hunter. In this service he had no superior north of the +Ohio. At periods of the greatest danger, when the Indians +were known to be much incensed against the whites, +he would start from the settlement with no companion but +his dog, and ranging within about twenty miles of an Indian +town, would build his cabin and trap and hunt during +nearly the whole season. On one occasion this reckless +contempt of danger almost cost the hunter his life.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw048.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 300px; height: 355px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 300px;'> +JOSHUA FLEEHART.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Having became tired of the sameness of garrison life, +and panting for that freedom among the woods and hills +to which he had always been accustomed, late in the fall +of 1795, he took his canoe, rifle, traps, and blanket, with +no one to accompany him, leaving even his faithful dog +in the garrison with his family. As he was going into +a dangerous neighborhood, he was fearful lest the voice +of his dog might betray him. With a daring and intrepidity +which few men possess, he pushed his canoe up the +Sciota river a distance of fifteen or twenty miles, into the +Indian country, amidst their best hunting-grounds for the +bear and the beaver, where no white man had dared to +venture. These two were the main object of his pursuit, +and the hills of Brush creek were said to abound in bear, +and the small streams that fell into the Sciota were well +suited to the haunts of the beaver.</p> +<p>The spot chosen for his winter’s residence was within +twenty-five or thirty miles of the Indian town of Chillicothe, +but as they seldom go far to hunt in the winter, +he had little to fear from their interruption. For ten or +twelve weeks he trapped and hunted in this solitary region +unmolested; luxuriating on the roasted tails of the +beaver, and drinking the oil of the bear, an article of diet +which is considered by the children of the forest as giving +health to the body, with strength and activity to the limbs. +His success had equalled his most sanguine expectations, +and the winter passed away so quietly and so pleasantly, +that he was hardly aware of its progress. About the +middle of February, he began to make up the peltry he +had captured into packages, and to load his canoe with +the proceeds of his winter’s hunt, which for safety had +been secreted in the willows, a few miles below the little +bark hut in which he had lived. The day before that +which he had fixed on for his departure, as he was returning +to his camp, just at evening, Fleehart’s acute ear caught +the report of a rifle in the direction of the Indian towns, +but at so remote a distance, that none but a backwoodsman +could have distinguished the sound. This hastened +his preparations for decamping. Nevertheless he slept +quietly, but rose the following morning before the dawn; +cooked and ate his last meal in the little hut to which he +had become quite attached.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw049.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 343px; height: 384px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 343px;'> +FLEEHART SHOOTING THE INDIAN.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The sun had just risen, while he was sitting on the trunk +of a fallen tree, examining the priming and lock of his gun, +casually casting a look up the river bank, he saw an Indian +slowly approaching with his eyes intently fixed on the +ground, carefully inspecting the track of his moccasins, +left in the soft earth as he returned to his hut the evening +before. He instantly cocked his gun, stepped behind a +tree, and waited till the Indian came within the sure range +of his shot. He then fired and the Indian fell. Rushing +from the cover on his prostrate foe, he was about to apply +the scalping knife; but seeing the shining silver broaches, +and broad bands on his arms, he fell to cutting them loose, +and tucking them into the bosom of his hunting shirt. +While busily occupied in securing the spoils, the sharp +crack of a rifle and the passage of the ball through the +bullet pouch at his side, caused him to look up, when he +saw three Indians within a hundred yards of him. They +being too numerous for him to encounter, he seized his +rifle and took to flight. The other two, as he ran, fired +at him without effect. The chase was continued for several +miles by two of the Indians, who were the swiftest +runners. He often stopped and “treed,” hoping to get a +shot and kill or disable one of them, and then overcome +the other at his leisure. His pursuers also “treed,” and +by flanking to the right and left, forced him to uncover +or stand the chance of a shot.</p> +<p>He finally concluded to leave the level grounds, on +which the contest had thus far been held, and take to the +high hills which lie back of the bottoms. His strong, +muscular limbs here gave him the advantage, as he could +ascend the steep hill sides more rapidly than his pursuers. +The Indians, seeing they could not overtake him, as a last +effort stopped and fired. One of the balls cut away the +handle of his hunting-knife, jerking it so violently against +his side, that for a moment he thought he was wounded. +He immediately returned the fire, and, with a yell of +vexation, they gave up the chase.</p> +<p>Fleehart made a circuit among the hills, and just at +dark came in to the river, near where the canoe lay hid. +Springing lightly on board, he paddled down stream. +Being greatly fatigued with the efforts of the day, he lay +down in the canoe, and when he awoke in the morning +the boat was just entering the Ohio river. Crossing over +to the southern shore, he, in a few days, pushed his canoe +up to Farmer’s Castle, without further adventure, where +he showed the rich packages of peltry, as the proceeds +of his winter’s hunt, and displayed the brilliant silver +ornaments, as trophies of his victory, to the envy and +admiration of his less venturous companions.<a name="FNanchor_C" id="FNanchor_C"></a><a href="#Footnote_C" class="fnanchor">[C]</a></p> + +<hr style='width: 10%; border:none; border-bottom:1px solid black; clear:both; margin: 2em auto 1em 0' /> + +<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_C' id='Footnote_C'></a><a href='#FNanchor_C'><span class='label'>[C]</span></a> +<p style='font-size: small'> Hildreth’s Pioneer History.</p></div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw050.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 284px; height: 223px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw051.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 338px; height: 393px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 338px;'> +A MOUNTED RANGER.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw052.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 358px; height: 250px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='INDIAN_FIGHT_ON_THE_LITTLE_MUSKINGUM' id='INDIAN_FIGHT_ON_THE_LITTLE_MUSKINGUM'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_129' name='page_129'></a>129</span> +<h2>Indian Fight on the Little Muskingum.</h2> +</div> + +<p>In the latter part of September, 1789, an alarm being +given that Indians had been seen in the Campus Martius, +on the Ohio, a party consisting of five or six rangers, ten +volunteer citizens, and twelve regular soldiers was collected +for pursuit.</p> +<p>The men went up in canoes to the mouth of Duck creek, +where they left their water craft. The more experienced +rangers soon fell upon the trail, which they traced across +the wide bottoms on to the Little Muskingum. At a point +about half a mile below where Conner’s mill now stands, +the Indians forded the creek. In a hollow, between the +hills, about a mile east of the creek, they discovered the +smoke of their camp fire. The rangers now divided the +volunteers into two flanking parties, with one of the spies +at the head of each, and three of their number to act in +front. By the time the flankers had come in range of the +camp, the Indians discovered their pursuers, by the noise +of the soldiers who lagged behind, and were not so cautious +in their movement. They instantly fled up the run on +which they were encamped. Two of their number leaving +the main body, ascended the point of a hill, with a ravine +on the right and left of it.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw053.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 335px; height: 495px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 335px;'> +AN INDIAN BRAVE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The rangers now began to fire, while the Indians, each +one taking his tree, returned the shot. One of the two Indians +on the spur of the ridge was wounded through the +hips, by one of the spies on the right, who pushed on manfully +to gain the flanks of the enemy. The men in front +came on more slowly, and as they began to ascend the +point of the ridge, Ned Henderson, who was posted on high +ground, cried out “Kerr! Kerr! there is an Indian behind +that white oak, and he will kill some of you.” Kerr +instantly sprung behind a large tree, and Peter Anderson, +who was near him, behind a hickory, too small to cover +more than half his body, while John Wiser jumped down +into the ravine. At that instant the Indian fired at Anderson, +and as John looked over the edge of the bank to +learn the effect of the shot, he saw Peter wiping the dust +of the hickory bark out of his eyes. The ball grazed the +tree, just opposite his nose, and glancing off did him no +serious harm, but filling his eyes with the dust, and cutting +his nose with the splinters. At the same time Henderson, +with others, fired at the Indian, and he fell with several +balls through his body. The brave fellow who was killed +lost his life in a noble effort to aid his friend, who had been +wounded through the hips, and could not spring up on to +the little bench, or break in the ridge, where he was +standing.</p> +<p>While occupied in this labor of love, the rangers on his +flanks had so far advanced, that the shelter of the friendly +tree could no longer secure him from their shots, as it had +done while his enemies were more in front of him. The +wounded Indian escaped for the present, although it is +probable he died soon after. The other five Indians, there +being seven in the party, seeing that their enemies outnumbered +them so greatly, after firing a few times, made +a circuit to the right and came up in the rear of the soldiers, +who were occupying themselves with the contents +of the kettle of hog meat and potatoes, which the Indians +in their hurry had left boiling over the fire. The first notice +they had of their danger was the report of their rifles. It +made a huge uproar among the musketeers, who taking +to flight, ran in great alarm for protection to the rangers. +As it happened the Indians were too far off to do much +harm, and no one was injured but one poor fellow, who was +shot through the seat of his trowsers, just grazing the +skin. He tumbled into the brook by the side of the camp, +screaming at the top of his voice, “I am kill’d, I am kill’d,” +greatly to the amusement of the rangers, who were soon +at his side, and dragging him out of the water, searched +in vain for the mortal wound. The dead Indian was +scalped, and his rifle and blanket taken as the legitimate +plunder of a conquered foe. The other five retreated out +of reach of the rangers, after their feat of frightening the +soldiers. They returned to the garrison, well pleased +that none of their men were killed, but much vexed with +the soldiers, whose indiscretion had prevented their destroying +the whole of the Indians, had they encircled them +as first arranged by the leaders of the party. It served +as a warning to the Indians not to approach too near the +Yankee garrison, as their rangers were brave men, whose +eyes and ears were always open.<a name="FNanchor_D" id="FNanchor_D"></a><a href="#Footnote_D" class="fnanchor">[D]</a></p> + +<hr style='width: 10%; border:none; border-bottom:1px solid black; clear:both; margin: 2em auto 1em 0' /> + +<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_D' id='Footnote_D'></a><a href='#FNanchor_D'><span class='label'>[D]</span></a> +<p style='font-size: small'> Hildreth’s Pioneer History.</p></div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw054.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 171px; height: 203px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw055.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 295px; height: 377px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 295px;'> +THE DEFIANCE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_137' name='page_137'></a>137</span> +<img src='images/hhw056.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 271px; height: 206px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='ESCAPE_OF_RETURN_J_MEIGS' id='ESCAPE_OF_RETURN_J_MEIGS'></a> +<h2>Escape of Return J. Meigs.</h2> +</div> + +<p>During the continuance of the Indian wars, from 1790 +to 1795, it was customary for the inmates of all the garrisons +to cultivate considerable fields of Indian corn and +other vegetables near the walls of their defences. Although +hazardous in the extreme, it was preferable to +starvation. For a part of that time no provisions could be +obtained from the older settlements above, on the Monongahela +and Ohio; sometimes from a scarcity amongst +themselves, and always at great hazard from Indians, +who watched the river for the capture of boats. Another +reason was the want of money; many of the settlers having +expended a large share of their funds in the journey +on, and for the purchase of lands, while others had not a +single dollar; so that necessity compelled them to plant +their fields. The war having commenced so soon after +their arrival, and at a time when not expected, as a formal +treaty was made with them at Marietta, in January, +1789, which by the way was only a piece of Indian diplomacy, +they never intended to abide by it longer than +suited their convenience, and no stores being laid up for +a siege, they were taken entirely unprepared. So desperate +were their circumstances at one period, that serious +thoughts of abandoning the country were entertained by +many of the leading men. Under these circumstances +R. J. Meigs, then a young lawyer, was forced to lay +aside the gown, and assume the use of both the sword and +plough. It is true that but little ploughing was done, as +much of the corn was then raised by planting the virgin +soil with a hoe, amongst the stumps and logs of the clearing, +after burning off the brush and light stuff. In this +way large crops were invariably produced; so that nearly +all the implements needed were the axe and the hoe. It +so happened that Mr. Meigs, whose residence was in +Campus Martius, the garrison on the east side of the +Muskingum river, had planted a field of corn on the west +side of that stream in the vicinity of Fort Harmar. To +reach this field the river was to be crossed near his residence +in a canoe, and the space between the landing and +his crop, a distance of about half a mile, to be passed by +an obscure path through a thick wood.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw057.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 337px; height: 384px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 337px;'> +AN INDIAN WARRIOR.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Early in June, 1792, Mr. Meigs, having completed the +labor of the day a little before night, set out on his return +home in company with Joseph Symonds and a colored boy, +which he had brought with him as a servant from Connecticut. +Immediately on leaving the field they entered +the forest through which they had to pass before reaching +the canoe. Symonds and the boy were unarmed; Mr. +Meigs carried a small shot-gun, which he had taken with +him for the purpose of shooting a turkey, which at that +day abounded to an extent that would hardly be credited +at this time. Flocks of several hundred were not uncommon, +and of a size and fatness that would excite the admiration +of an epicure of any period of the world, even +of Apicius himself. Meeting, however, with no turkies, +he had discharged his gun at a large snake which crossed +his path. They had now arrived within a few rods of +the landing, when two Indians, who had been for some +time watching their movements and heard the discharge +of the gun, sprang into the path behind them, fired and +shot Symonds through the shoulder. He being an excellent +swimmer, rushed down the bank and into the Muskingum +river; where, turning on his back, he was enabled to +support himself on the surface until he floated down near +Fort Harmar, where he was taken up by a canoe. His +wound, although a dangerous one, was healed, and he was +alive twenty years afterwards. The black boy followed +Symonds into the river as far as he could wade, but being +no swimmer, was unable to get out of reach of the Indian +who pursued them, and was seized and dragged on shore. +The Indian who had captured him was desirous of making +him a prisoner, which he so obstinately refused, and made +so much resistance that he finally tomahawked and scalped +him near the edge of the water. To this alternative he +was in a manner compelled, rather than lose both prisoner +and scalp, as the rangers and men at Campus Martius +had commenced firing at him from the opposite shore. The +first shot was fired by a spirited black man in the service +of Commodore Abraham Whipple, who was employed near +the river at the time.</p> +<p>From some accident, it appears that only one of the +Indians was armed with a rifle, while the other had a tomahawk +and knife. After Symonds was shot, Mr. Meigs +immediately faced about in order to retreat to Fort Harmar. +The savage armed with the rifle, had placed himself in the +path, intending to cut off his escape, but had no time to +reload before his intended victim clubbed his gun and +rushed upon his antagonist. As he passed, Mr. Meigs +aimed a blow at his head, which the Indian returned with +his rifle. From the rapidity of the movement, neither of +them were seriously injured, although it staggered both +considerably, yet neither fell to the ground. Instantly +recovering from the shock, he pursued his course to the +fort with the Indian close at his heels. Mr. Meigs was in +the vigor of early manhood, and had, by frequent practice +in the race, become a very swift runner. His foeman was +also very fleet, and amongst the most active of their warriors, +as none but such were sent into the settlements on +marauding excursions. The race continued for sixty or +eighty rods with little advantage on either side, when Mr. +Meigs gradually increased his distance ahead, and leaping +across a deep run that traversed the path, the Indian +stopped on the brink, threw his tomahawk, and gave up +the pursuit with one of those fierce yells which rage and +disappointment both served to sharpen. It was distinctly +heard at both the forts. About sixteen years since, an +Indian tomahawk was ploughed up near this spot, and +was most probably the one thrown at Mr. Meigs; as the +rescue and pursuit from Fort Harmar was so immediate +upon hearing the alarm, that he had no time to recover +it. With the scalp of the poor black boy, the Indians +ascended the abrupt side of the hill which overlooked the +garrison, and shouting defiance to their foes, escaped in +the forest.</p> +<p>The excitement was very great at the garrison, and +taught the inmates a useful lesson; that of being better +armed and more on their guard when they went out on +agricultural pursuits. Had Mr. Meigs tried any other +expedient than that of facing his enemy and rushing instantly +upon him, he must have lost his life, as the Indian +was well aware of his gun being unloaded. On his +right was the river, on his left a very high hill; beyond +him the pathless forest, and between him and the fort his +Indian foe. To his sudden and unexpected attack, to his +dauntless and intrepid manner, and to his activity, he +undoubtedly owed his life.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw058.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 137px; height: 98px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_144' name='page_144'></a>144</span> +<img src='images/hhw059.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 338px; height: 269px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='ESTILL_S_DEFEAT' id='ESTILL_S_DEFEAT'></a> +<h2>Estill’s Defeat.</h2> +</div> + +<p>One of the most remarkable pioneer fights, in the +early history of the west, was that waged by Captain +James Estill, and seventeen of his associates, on the 22d +of March, 1782, with a party of Wyandotte Indians, +twenty-five in number. Seventy-one years almost have +elapsed since; yet one of the actors in that sanguinary +struggle, Rev. Joseph Proctor, of Estill county, Kentucky, +survived to the 2d of December, 1844, dying in the full +enjoyment of his faculties at the age of ninety. His wife, +the partner of his early privations and toils, and nearly +as old as himself, deceased six months previously.</p> +<p>On the 19th of March 1782, Indian rafts, without any +one on them, were seen floating down the Kentucky river, +past Boonesborough. Intelligence of this fact was immediately +dispatched by Colonel Logan to Captain Estill, +at his station fifteen miles from Boonesborough, and near +the present site of Richmond, Kentucky, together with a +force of fifteen men, who were directed to march from +Lincoln county to Estill’s assistance, instructing Captain +Estill, if the Indians had not appeared there, to scour the +country with a reconnoitring party, as it could not be +known at what point the attack would be made.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw060.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 336px; height: 538px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 336px;'> +SLAUGHTER OF MISS INNES.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Estill lost not a moment in collecting a force to go in +search of the savages, not doubting, from his knowledge +of the Indian character, that they designed an immediate +blow at his or some of the neighboring stations. From +his own and the nearest stations, he raised twenty-five +men. Whilst Estill and his men were on this excursion, +the Indians suddenly appeared around his station at the +dawn of day, on the 20th of March, killed and scalped +Miss Innes, and took Munk, a slave of Captain Estill, +captive. The Indians immediately and hastily retreated, +in consequence of a highly exaggerated account which +Munk gave them of the strength of the station, and +number of fighting men in it. No sooner had the +Indians commenced their retreat, than the women in the +fort (the men being all absent except one on the sick list,) +dispatched two boys, the late General Samuel South and +Peter Hacket, to take the trail of Captain Estill and his +men, and, overtaking them, give information of what had +occurred at the fort. The boys succeeded in coming up +with Captain Estill early on the morning of the 21st, between +the mouths of Drowning creek and Red river. +After a short search, Captain Estill’s party struck the +trail of the retreating Indians. It was resolved at once +to make pursuit, and no time was lost in doing so. Five +men of the party, however, who had families in the fort, +feeling uneasy for their safety, and unwilling to trust +their defence to the few who remained there, returned to +the fort, leaving Captain Estill’s party thirty-five in +number. These pressed the pursuit of the retreating Indians, +as rapidly as possible, but night coming on they +encamped near the Little Mountain, at present the site +of Mount Sterling.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw061.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 299px; height: 434px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 299px;'> +CAPTAIN ESTILL.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Early next morning they put forward, being obliged to +leave ten of the men behind, whose horses were too jaded +to travel further. They had not proceeded far until they +discovered by fresh tracks of the Indians, that they were +not far distant. They then marched in four lines until +about an hour before sunset, when they discovered six of +the savages helping themselves to rations from the body +of a buffalo which they had killed. The company was +ordered to dismount. With the usual impetuosity of +Kentuckians, some of the party fired without regarding +orders, and the Indians fled. One of the party, a Mr. +David Cook, who acted as ensign, exceedingly ardent and +active, had proceeded in advance of the company, and +seeing an Indian halt, raised his gun and fired. At the +same moment another Indian crossed on the opposite +side, and they were both leveled with the same shot. This +occurring in view of the whole company, inspired them +all with a high degree of confidence. In the meantime, +the main body of Indians had heard the alarm and returned, +and the two hostile parties exactly matched in +point of numbers, having twenty-five on each side, and +were now face to face. The ground was highly favorable +to the Indian mode of warfare; but Captain Estill and +his men, without a moment’s hesitation, boldly and fearlessly +commenced an attack upon them, and the latter as +boldly and fearlessly (for they were picked warriors) engaged +in the bloody combat. It is, however, disgraceful +to relate, that, at the very onset of the action, Lieutenant +Miller, of Captain Estill’s party, with six men under his +command, “ingloriously fled” from the field, thereby +placing in jeopardy the whole of their comrades, and +causing the death of many brave soldiers. Hence, Estill’s +party numbered eighteen, and the Wyandottes twenty-five.</p> +<p>The flank becoming thus unprotected, Captain Estill +directed Cook with three men to occupy Miller’s station, +and repel the attack in that quarter to which this base act +of cowardice exposed the whole party. The ensign with +his party were taking the position assigned, when one of +them discovered an Indian and shot him, and the three +retreated to a little eminence whence they thought greater +execution could be effected with less danger to themselves, +but Cook continued to advance without noticing the absence +of his party until he had discharged his gun with effect, +when he immediately retreated, but after running some +distance to a large tree, for the purpose of shelter in firing, +he unfortunately got entangled in the tops of fallen timber, +and halting for a moment, received a ball which struck him +just below the shoulder blade, and came out below his collar +bone. In the meantime, on the main field of battle, at the +distance of fifty yards, the fight raged with great fury, +lasting one hour and three-quarters. On either side +wounds and death were inflicted, neither party advancing +or retreating. “Every man to his man, and every man +to his tree.” Captain Estill at this period was covered +with blood from a wound received early in the action; nine +of his brave companions lay dead upon the field; and +four others were so disabled by their wounds, as to be +unable to continue the fight. Captain Estill’s fighting +men were now reduced to four. Among this number was +Joseph Proctor.</p> +<p>Captain Estill, the brave leader of this Spartan band, +was now brought into a personal conflict with a powerful +and active Wyandotte warrior. The conflict was for a +time fierce and desperate, and keenly and anxiously watched +by Proctor, with his finger on the trigger of his unerring +rifle. Such, however, was the struggle between these fierce +and powerful warriors, that Proctor could not shoot without +greatly endangering the safety of his captain. Estill had +had his arm broken the preceding summer in an engagement +with the Indians; and, in the conflict with the warrior +on this occasion, that arm gave way, and in an instant +his savage foe buried his knife in Captain Estill’s breast; +but in the very same moment, the brave Proctor sent a ball +from his rifle to the Wyandotte’s heart. The survivors then +drew off as by mutual consent.—Thus ended this memorable +battle. It wanted nothing but the circumstance of +numbers to make it the most memorable in ancient or modern +times. The loss of the Indians, in killed and wounded, +notwithstanding the disparity of numbers after the shameful +retreat of Miller, was even greater than that of Captain +Estill.</p> +<p>It was afterwards ascertained by prisoners who were +recaptured from the Wyandotte, that seventeen of the Indians +had been killed, and two severely wounded. This +battle was fought on the same day, with the disastrous +battle of the Blue Licks, March 22d, 1782.</p> +<p>There is a tradition derived from the Wyandotte towns, +after the peace, that but one of the warriors engaged in +this battle ever returned to his nation. It is certain that +the chief who led on the Wyandottes with so much desperation, +fell in the action. Throughout this bloody engagement +the coolness and bravery of Proctor were unsurpassed. +But his conduct after the battle has always, with those +acquainted with it, elicited the warmest commendation. He +brought off the field of battle, and most of the way to the +station, a distance of forty miles, on his back, his badly +wounded friend, the late brave Colonel William Irvine, so +long and so favorably known in Kentucky.</p> +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_154' name='page_154'></a>154</span> +<img src='images/hhw062.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 342px; height: 249px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='A_PIONEER_MOTHER' id='A_PIONEER_MOTHER'></a> +<h2>A Pioneer Mother.</h2> +</div> + +<p>The mothers of the west deserve as wide a fame as +their fearless husbands and brothers. In no situation +were courage and resolution so much required in women +as in the western wilderness, during the Indian wars, +and even the celebrated heroines of European history +seem to us ordinary in comparison.</p> +<p>In the fall of 1779, Samuel Daviess, who resided in +Bedford county, Virginia, moved with his family to Kentucky, +and lived for a time, at Whitley’s station, in +Lincoln. After residing for some time in the station, he removed +for a time to a place called Gilmer’s Lick, some +six or seven miles distant from said station, where he built +a cabin, cleared some land, which he put in corn next +season, not apprehending any danger from the Indians, +although he was considered a frontier settler. But this +imaginary state of security did not last long; for one +morning in August, 1782, having stepped a few paces +from his door, he was suddenly surprised by an Indian +appearing between him and the door, with tomahawk uplifted, +almost within striking distance. In this unexpected +condition, and being entirely unarmed, his first thought +was, that by running round the house, he could enter the +door in safety, but to his surprise, in attempting to effect +this object, as he approached the door he found the house +full of Indians. Being closely pursued by the Indian first +mentioned, he made his way into the cornfield, where he +concealed himself with much difficulty, until the pursuing +Indian had returned to the house.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw063.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 301px; height: 362px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 301px;'> +SCALPING.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Unable as he was to render any relief to his family, +there being five Indians, he ran with the utmost speed to +the station of his brother, a distance of five miles. As +he approached the station, his undressed condition told +the tale of his distresses, before he was able to tell it himself. +Almost breathless, and with a faltering voice, he +could only say, his wife and children were in the hands +of the Indians. Scarcely was the communication made +when he obtained a spare gun, and the five men in the +station, well armed, followed him to his residence. When +they arrived at the house, the Indians, as well as the family +were found to be gone, and no evidence appeared +that any of the family had been killed. A search was +made to find the direction the Indians had taken; but owing +to the dryness of the ground, and the adroit manner in +which they had departed, no discovery could be made. +In this study and perplexity, the party being all good +woodsmen, took that direction in pursuit of the Indians, +which they thought it most probable they would take. +After going a few miles, their attention was arrested by +the howling of a dog, which afterwards turned out to be +a house-dog that had followed the family, and which the +Indians had undertaken to kill, so as to avoid detection, +which might happen from his occasionally barking. In +attempting to kill the dog, he was only wounded, which +produced the howling that was heard. The noise thus +heard, satisfied them that they were near the Indians, and +enabled them to rush forward with the utmost impetuosity. +Two of the Indians being in the rear as spies, discovering +the approach of the party, ran forward to where the Indians +were with the family—one of them knocked down +the oldest boy, about eleven years old, and while in the +act of scalping him, was fired at, but without effect. Mrs. +Daviess, seeing the agitation and alarm of the Indians, +saved herself and sucking child, by jumping into a sink +hole. The Indians did not stand to make fight, but fled +in the most precipitate manner. In that way the family +was rescued by nine o’clock in the morning, without the +loss of a single life, and without any injury but that above +mentioned. So soon as the boy had risen on his feet, the +first words he spoke were, “Curse that Indian, he has got +my scalp!” After the family had been rescued, Mrs. +Daviess gave the following account of how the Indians +had acted.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw064.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 447px; height: 323px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 447px;'> +GOING INTO CAPTIVITY.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>A few minutes after her husband had opened the door +and stepped out of the house, four Indians rushed in, +whilst the fifth, as she afterwards learned, was in pursuit +of her husband. Herself and children were in bed when +the Indians entered the house. One of the Indians immediately +made signs, by which she understood him to inquire +how far it was to the next house. With an unusual presence +of mind, knowing how important it would be to make the +distance as far as possible, she raised both her hands, first +counting the fingers of one hand, then of the other—making +a distance of eight miles. The Indian then signed to her +that she must rise; she immediately got up, and as soon +as she could dress herself, commenced showing the Indians +one article of clothing after another, which pleased them +very much; and in that way, delayed them at the house +nearly two hours. In the meantime, the Indian who had +been in pursuit of her husband, returned with his hands +stained with poke berries, which he held up, and with some +violent gestures, and waving of his tomahawk, attempted +to induce the belief, that the stain on his hands was the +blood of her husband, and that he had killed him. She +was enabled at once to discover the deception, and instead +of producing any alarm on her part, she was satisfied that +her husband had escaped uninjured.</p> +<p>After the savages had plundered the house of everything +that they could conveniently carry off with them, they +started, taking Mrs. Daviess and her children—seven in +number, as prisoners along with them. Some of the children +were too young to travel as fast as the Indians wished, +and discovering, as she believed, their intention to kill +such of them as could not conveniently travel, she made +the two oldest boys carry them on their backs. The Indians, +in starting from the house, were very careful to leave +no signs of the direction which they had taken, not even +permitting the children to break a twig or weed, as they +passed along. They had not gone far, before an Indian +drew a knife and cut off a few inches of Mrs. Daviess’ dress, +so that she would not be interrupted in travelling.</p> +<p>Mrs. Daviess was a woman of cool, deliberate courage, +and accustomed to handle the gun so that she could shoot +well, as many of the women were in the habit of doing in +those days. She had contemplated, as a last resort, that +if not rescued in the course of the day, when night came +and the Indians had fallen asleep, she would rescue herself +and children by killing as many of the Indians as she +could—thinking that in a night attack as many of them +as remained, would most probably run off. Such an attempt +would now seem a species of madness; but to those +who were acquainted with Mrs. Daviess, little doubt was +entertained, that if the attempt had been made, it would +have proved successful.</p> +<p>The boy who had been scalped, was greatly disfigured, +as the hair never after grew upon that part of the head. +He often wished for an opportunity to avenge himself upon +the Indians for the injury he had received. Unfortunately +for himself, ten years afterwards, the Indians came to the +neighborhood of his father and stole a number of horses.</p> +<p>Himself and a party of men went in pursuit of them, and +after following them for some days, the Indians finding +that they were likely to be overtaken, placed themselves +in ambush, and when their pursuers came up, killed young +Daviess and one other man; so that he ultimately fell into +their hands when about twenty-one years old.</p> +<p>The next year after the father died; his death being +caused, as it was supposed, by the extraordinary efforts he +made to release his family from the Indians.</p> +<p>We cannot close this account, without noticing an act +of courage displayed by Mrs. Daviess, calculated to exhibit +her character in its true point of view.</p> +<p>Kentucky, in its early days, like most new countries, +was occasionally troubled with men of abandoned character, +who lived by stealing the property of others, and after +committing their depredations, retired to their hiding +places, thereby eluding the operation of the law. One of +these marauders, a man of desperate character, who had +committed extensive thefts from Mr. Daviess, as well as +from his neighbors, was pursued by Daviess and a party +whose property he had taken, in order to bring him to +justice. While the party were in pursuit, the suspected +individual, not knowing any one was pursuing him, came +to the house of Daviess, armed with his gun and tomahawk—no +person being at home but Mrs. Daviess and her children. +After he had stepped in the house, Mrs. Daviess +asked him if he would drink something—and having set a +bottle of whiskey upon the table, requested him to help +himself. The fellow not suspecting any danger, set his +gun up by the door, and while drinking, Mrs. Daviess +picked up his gun, and placing herself in the door, had the +gun cocked and levelled upon him by the time he turned +around, and in a peremptory manner, ordered him to take +a seat, or she would shoot him. Struck with terror and +alarm, he asked what he had done. She told him, he had +stolen her husband’s property, and that she intended to +take care of him herself. In that condition, she held him +a prisoner, until the party of men returned and took him +into their possession.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw065.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 186px; height: 277px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw066.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 350px; height: 344px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 350px;'> +THE SQUATTER’S WIFE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw067.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 336px; height: 283px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='THE_SQUATTER_S_WIFE_AND_DAUGHTER' id='THE_SQUATTER_S_WIFE_AND_DAUGHTER'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_167' name='page_167'></a>167</span> +<h2>The Squatter’s Wife and Daughter.</h2> +</div> + +<p>On the Illinois river, near two hundred miles from its +junction with the Mississippi, there lived in 1812, an old +pioneer, known in those days as “Old Parker the squatter.” +His family consisted of a wife and three children, the oldest +a boy of nineteen, a girl of seventeen, and the youngest a +boy of fourteen. At the time of which we write, Parker +and his oldest boy had gone in company with three Indians +on a hunt, expecting to be absent some five or six days.—The +third day after the departure, one of the Indians returned +to Parker’s house, came in and sat himself down +by the fire, lit his pipe and commenced smoking in silence. +Mrs. Parker thought nothing of this, as it was no uncommon +thing for one or sometimes more of a party of Indians to +return abruptly from a hunt, at some sign they might consider +ominous of bad luck, and in such instances were not +very communicative. But at last the Indian broke silence +with “ugh, old Parker die.” This exclamation immediately +drew Mrs. Parker’s attention, who directly enquired +of the Indian, what’s the matter with Parker? The Indian +responded Parker sick, tree fell on him, you go, he +die. Mrs. Parker then asked the Indian if Parker had +sent for her, and where he was? The replies of the Indian +somewhat aroused her suspicions. She, however, came to +the conclusion to send her son with the Indian to see what +was the matter. The boy and Indian started. That night +passed, and the next day too, and neither the boy or Indian +returned. This confirmed Mrs. Parker in her opinion +that there was foul play on the part of the Indians. So +she and her daughter went to work and barricaded the +door and windows in the best way they could. The youngest +boy’s rifle was the only one left, he not having taken it +with him when he went to hunt after his father. The old +lady took the rifle, the daughter the axe, and thus armed +they determined to watch through the night; and defend +themselves if necessary. They had not long to wait after +night fall, for shortly after that some one commenced +knocking at the door, crying out “Mother! mother!” but +Mrs. Parker thought the voice was not exactly like that of +her son—in order to ascertain the fact, she said “Jake, +where are the Indians?” The reply which was “um gone,” +satisfied her on that point. She then said, as if speaking +to her son, “Put your ear to the latch-hole of the door I +want to tell you something before I open the door.” The +head was placed at the latch-hole, and the old lady fired +through the same spot and killed an Indian. She stepped +back from the door instantly, and it was well she did so, +for quicker than I have penned the last two words two rifle +bullets came crashing through the door. The old lady +then said to her daughter, “Thank God there are but two, I +must have killed the one at the door—they must be the +three who went on the hunt with your father. If we can +only kill or cripple another of them, we will be safe; now +we must both be still after they fire again, and they will +then break the door down, and I may be able to shoot +another one; but if I miss them when getting in, you must +use the axe.”—The daughter equally courageous with her +mother assured her she would. Soon after this conversation +two more rifle bullets came crashing through the +window. A death-like stillness ensued for about five minutes, +when two more balls in quick succession were fired +through the door, then followed a tremendous punching +with a log, the door gave way, and with a fiendish yell an +Indian was about to spring in, when the unerring rifle fired +by the old lady stretched his lifeless body across the thresh-hold +of the door. The remaining, or more properly the +surviving Indian fired at random and ran, doing no injury. +“Now” said the old heroine to her undaunted daughter +“we must leave.” Accordingly with the rifle and the axe, +they went to the river, took the canoe, and without a +mouthful of provision except one wild duck and two black +birds which the mother shot, and which were eaten raw, +did these two courageous hearts in six days arrive among +the old French settlers at St. Louis. A party of about a +dozen men crossed over into Illinois—and after an unsuccessful +search returned without finding either Parker or his +boys. They were never found. There are yet some of +the old settlers in the neighborhood of Peoria who still +point out the spot where “old Parker the squatter” lived.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw068.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 291px; height: 193px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw069.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 520px; height: 327px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 520px;'> +ATTACK ON CAPTAIN HUBBELL’S BOAT.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw070.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 319px; height: 196px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='CAPTAIN_WILLIAM_HUBBELL' id='CAPTAIN_WILLIAM_HUBBELL'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_173' name='page_173'></a>173</span> +<h2>Captain William Hubbell.</h2> +</div> + +<p>In the year 1791, when the Indians were very troublesome +on the banks of the Ohio, Captain William Hubbell, +Mr. Daniel Light, Mr. William Plascut, Mrs. Plascut and +eight children embarked in a flat-bottomed boat to proceed +down the Ohio.</p> +<p>On their progress down the river, and soon after passing +Pittsburgh, they saw evident traces of Indians along the +banks, and there is every reason to believe that a boat +which they overtook, and which, through carelessness, was +suffered to run aground on an island, became a prey to +these merciless savages. Though Captain Hubbell and +his party stopped some time for it in a lower part of the +river, it did not arrive, and has never to their knowledge +been heard of since. Before they reached the mouth of +the Great Kenhawa, they had by several successive additions, +increased their number to twenty, consisting of nine +men, three women, and eight children. The men, besides +those mentioned above, were one John Stoner, an Irishman +and a Dutchman, whose names are not recollected, Messrs. +Ray and Tucker, and a Mr. Kilpatrick, whose two daughters +also were of the party. Information received at Galliopolis +confirmed the expectation, which appearance previously +raised, of a serious conflict with a large body of Indians; +and as Captain Hubbell had been regularly appointed commander +of the boat, every possible preparation was made +for a formidable and successful resistance of the anticipated +attack. The nine men were divided into three watches +for the night, which were alternately to continue awake, +and be on the look out for two hours at a time. The arms +on board, which consisted principally of old muskets, much +out of order, were collected, loaded, and put in the best +possible condition for service. About sunset on that day, +the 23d of March, 1792, the party overtook a fleet of six +boats descending the river in company, and intended to +continue with them, but as their passengers seemed to be +more disposed to dancing than fighting, and as soon after +dark, notwithstanding the remonstrances of Captain Hubbell, +they commenced fiddling and dancing instead of preparing +their arms, and taking the necessary rest preparatory +to battle, it was wisely considered more hazardous to +be in such company, than to be alone. It was therefore +determined to proceed rapidly forward by the aid of the +oars, and leave those thoughtless fellow-travellers behind. +One of the boats, however, belonging to the fleet, commanded +by a Captain Greathouse, adopted the same plan, and for +a while kept up with Captain Hubbell, but all its crew at +length falling asleep, that boat also ceased to be propelled +by the oars, and Captain Hubbell and his party proceeded +steadily forward alone. Early in the night a canoe was +dimly seen floating down the river, in which were probably +Indians reconnoitering, and other evident indications were +observed of the neighborhood and hostile intentions of a +formidable party of savages.</p> +<p>It was now agreed, that should the attack, as was probable, +be deferred till morning, every man should be up +before the dawn, in order to make as great a show as possible +of numbers and of strength; and that, whenever the +action should take place, the women and children should +lie down on the cabin floor, and be protected as well as +they could by the trunks and other baggage, which might +be placed around them. In this perilous situation they +continued during the night, and the captain, who had not +slept more than one hour since he left Pittsburgh, was too +deeply impressed with the imminent danger which surrounded +him to obtain any rest at that time.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw071.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 342px; height: 382px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 342px;'> +A SIOUX CHIEF.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Just as daylight began to appear in the east, and before +the men were up and at their posts, agreeably to arrangement, +a voice at some distance below them, in a plaintive +tone, repeatedly solicited them to come on shore, as there +were some white persons who wished to obtain a passage +in their boat. This the captain very naturally and correctly +concluded to be an Indian artifice, and its only effect +was to rouse the men, and place every one on his guard. +The voice of entreaty was soon changed into the language +of indignation and insult, and the sound of distant paddles +announced the approach of the savage foe. At length +three Indian canoes were seen through the mist of the +morning rapidly advancing. With the utmost coolness +the captain and his companions prepared to receive them. +The chairs, tables, and other incumbrances were thrown +into the river, in order to clear the deck for action. Every +man took his position, and was ordered not to fire till the +savages had approached so near, that, (to use the words +of Captain Hubbell,) “the flash from the guns might singe +their eye-brows;” and a special caution was given, that +the men should fire successively, so that there might be no +interval. On the arrival of the canoes, they were found to +contain about twenty-five or thirty Indians each. As soon +as they had approached within the reach of musket-shot, +a general fire was given from one of them, which wounded +Mr. Tucker through the hip so severely that his leg hung +only by the flesh, and shot Mr. Light just below his ribs. +The three canoes placed themselves at the bow, stern, and +on the right side of the boat, so that they had an opportunity +of raking in every direction. The fire now commenced +from the boat, and had a powerful effect in checking +the confidence and fury of the Indians. The captain +after firing his own gun, took up that of one of the wounded +men, raised it to his shoulder, and was about to discharge +it, when a ball came and took away the lock; he coolly +turned round, seized a brand of fire from the kettle which +served for a caboose, and applying it to the pan, discharged +the piece with effect. A very regular and constant fire +was now kept up on both sides. The captain was just in +the act of raising his gun a third time, when a ball passed +through his right arm, and for a moment disabled him. +Scarcely had he recovered from the shock, and re-acquired +the use of his hand, which had been suddenly drawn up +by the wound, when he observed the Indians in one of the +canoes just about to board the boat in its bow, where the +horses were placed belonging to the party. So near had +they approached, that some of them had actually seized +with their hands the side of the boat. Severely wounded +as he was, he caught up a pair of horsemen’s pistols and +rushed forward to repel the attempt at boarding. On his +approach the Indians fell back, and he discharged a pistol +with effect at the foremost man. After firing the second +pistol, he found himself without arms, and was compelled +to retreat; but stepping back on a pile of small wood which +had been prepared for burning in the kettle, the thought +struck him, that it might be made use of in repelling the +foe, and he continued for some time to strike them with it +so forcibly and actively, that they were unable to enter +the boat, and at length he wounded one of them so severely +that with a yell they suddenly gave way. All the canoes +then discontinued the contest, and directed their course to +Captain Greathouse’s boat, which was in sight. Here a +striking contrast was exhibited to the firmness and intrepidity +which had been displayed. Instead of resisting the +attack, the people on board of this boat retired to the cabin +in dismay. The Indians entered it without opposition, and +rowed it to the shore, where they killed the captain and +a lad of about fourteen years of age. The women they +placed in the centre of their canoes, and manning them +with fresh hands, again pursued Captain Hubbell and party. +A melancholy alternative now presented itself to these +brave but almost desponding men, either to fall a prey to +the savages themselves, or to run the risk of shooting the +women, who had been placed in the canoes in the hope of +deriving protection from their presence. But “self preservation +is the first law of nature,” and the captain very +justly remarked, there would not be much humanity in +preserving their lives at such a sacrifice, merely that they +might become victims of savage cruelty at some subsequent +period.</p> +<p>There were now but four men left on board of Captain +Hubbell’s boat, capable of defending it, and the captain +himself was severely wounded in two places. The second +attack, however, was resisted with almost incredible firmness +and vigor. Whenever the Indians would rise to fire, +their opponents would frequently give them the first shot, +which in almost every instance would prove fatal. Notwithstanding +the disparity of numbers, and the exhausted +condition of the defenders of the boat, the Indians at +length appeared to despair of success, and the canoes successively +retired to the shore. Just as the last one was +departing, Captain Hubbell called to the Indian, who was +standing in the stern, and on his turning round, discharged +his piece at him. When the smoke, which for a moment +obstructed the vision, was dissipated, he was seen lying on +his back, and appeared to be severely, perhaps mortally +wounded.</p> +<p>Unfortunately the boat now drifted near to the shore, +where the Indians were collected, and a large concourse, +probably between four and five hundred, were seen rushing +down on the bank. Ray and Plascut, the only men remaining +unhurt, were placed at the oars, and as the boat +was not more than twenty yards from the shore, it was +deemed prudent for all to lie down in as safe a position as +possible, and attempt to push forward with the utmost +practicable rapidity. While they continued in this situation, +nine balls were shot into one oar, and ten into the +other, without wounding the rowers, who were hidden from +view, and protected by the side of the boat and the blankets +in its stern. During this dreadful exposure to the fire of +the savages, which continued about twenty minutes, Mr. +Kilpatrick observed a particular Indian, whom he thought +a favorable mark for his rifle, and, notwithstanding the +solemn warning of Captain Hubbell, rose to shoot him, +he immediately received a ball in his mouth, which passed +out at the back part of his head, and was almost at the +same moment shot through the heart. He fell among the +horses that about the same time were killed, and presented +to his afflicted daughters and fellow-travellers, who were +witnesses of the awful occurrence, a spectacle of horror +which we need not further attempt to describe.</p> +<p>The boat was now providentially and suddenly carried +out into the middle of the stream, and taken by the current +beyond the reach of the enemy’s balls. Our little band +reduced as they were in numbers, wounded, afflicted, and +almost exhausted by fatigue, were still unsubdued in spirit, +and being assembled in all their strength, men, women, +and children, with an appearance of triumph gave three +hearty cheers, calling to the Indians to come on again, if +they were fond of the sport.</p> +<p>Thus ended this awful conflict, in which out of nine +men, two only escaped unhurt. Tucker and Kilpatrick +were killed on the spot, Stoner was mortally wounded, and +died on his arrival at Limestone, and all the rest, excepting +Ray and Plascut were severely wounded. The women and +children were all uninjured, excepting a little son of Mr. +Plascut, who, after the battle was over, came to the captain, +and with great coolness requested him to take a ball out +of his head. On examination, it appeared that a bullet +which had passed through the side of the boat, had penetrated +the forehead of this little hero, and remained under +the skin. The captain took it out, and the youth, observing +“that is not all,” raised his arm, and exhibited a piece of +bone at the point of his elbow, which had been shot off, and +hung only by the skin. His mother exclaimed, “why did +you not tell me of this?” “Because,” he coolly replied, +“the captain directed us to be silent during the action, and +I thought you would be likely to make a noise if I told you.”</p> +<p>The boat made the best of its way down the river, and +reached Limestone that night. From that time forth no +boat was assailed by Indians on the Ohio.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw072.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 345px; height: 585px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 345px;'> +CORNSTALK.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw073.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 260px; height: 210px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='MURDER_OF_CORNSTALK_AND_HIS_SON' id='MURDER_OF_CORNSTALK_AND_HIS_SON'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_185' name='page_185'></a>185</span> +<h2>Murder of Cornstalk and his Son.</h2> +</div> + +<p>Cornstalk, the commander of the Indians in the battle +of Point Pleasant, was possessed of a noble heart as well +as a genius for war and negotiation. He was ever anxious +to maintain an honorable place with the whites and they returned +his friendly inclination by putting him to death.</p> +<p>A Captain Arbuckle commanded the garrison of the fort, +erected at Point Pleasant, after the battle fought by General +Lewis with the Indians at that place, in October, +1774. In the succeeding year, when the revolutionary war +had commenced, the agents of Great Britain exerted themselves +to excite the Indians to hostility against the United +States. The mass of Shawnees entertained a strong animosity +against the Americans. But, two of their chiefs, +Cornstalk and Redhawk, not participating in that animosity +visited the garrison at the Point, where Arbuckle continued +to command. Cornstalk represented his unwillingness to +take a part in the war, on the British side: but stated, +that his nation, except himself and his tribe, were determined +on war with us, and he supposed, that he and his +people would be compelled to go with the stream. On this +intimation, Arbuckle resolved to detain the two chiefs, and +a third Shawnees, who came with them to the fort, as +hostages, under the expectation of preventing thereby any +hostile efforts of the nation. On the day before these unfortunate +Indians fell victims to the fury of the garrison, +Elenipsico, the son of Cornstalk, repaired to Point Pleasant +for the purpose of visiting his father, and on the next day, +two men belonging to the garrison, whose names were +Hamilton and Gillmore, crossed the Kenhawa, intending +to hunt in the woods beyond it.—On their return from +hunting, some Indians who had come to view the position +at the Point, concealed themselves in the weeds near the +mouth of the Kenhawa, and killed Gillmore while endeavoring +to pass them. Colonel Stewart and Captain Arbuckle +were standing on the opposite bank of the river, at +that time and were surprised that a gun had been fired so +near the fort, in violation of orders which had been issued +inhibiting such an act. Hamilton ran down the bank, and +cried out that Gillmore was killed. Captain Hall commanded +the company to which Gillmore belonged. His +men leaped into a canoe, and hastened to the relief of +Hamilton. They brought the body of Gillmore weltering +in blood, and the head scalped, across the river. The canoe +had scarcely reached the shore, when Hall’s men cried out +“Let us kill the Indians in the fort.” Captain Hall placed +himself in front of his soldiers, and they ascended the +river’s bank, pale with rage, and carrying their loaded fire +locks in their hands. Colonel Stewart and Captain Arbuckle +exerted themselves in vain, to dissuade these men, exasperated +to madness by the spectacle of Gillmore’s corpse, +from the cruel deed which they contemplated. They cocked +their guns, threatening those gentlemen with instant death, +if they did not desist, and rushed into the fort.</p> +<p>The interpreter’s wife, who had been a captive among +the Indians, and felt an affection for them, ran to their +cabin and informed them that Hall’s soldiers were advancing +with the intention of taking their lives, because they +believed that the Indians who killed Gillmore, had come +with Cornstalk’s son the preceding day. This the young +man solemnly denied, and averred that he knew nothing +of them. His father, perceiving that Elenipsico was in +great agitation, encouraged him and advised him not to +fear. “If the great Spirit,” said he, “has sent you here to +be killed, you ought to die like a man!” As the soldiers +approached the door, Cornstalk rose to meet them, and +received seven or eight balls which instantly terminated +his existence. His son was shot dead in the seat which he +occupied. The Red Hawk made an attempt to climb the +chimney, but fell by the fire of some of Hall’s men. The +other Indian, says Colonel Stewart, “was shamefully mangled, +and I grieved to see him so long dying.”</p> +<p>This atrocious deed so exasperated the Shawnees that +they immediately took up arms upon the side of the British, +expressing their resolution to spare no American who should +fall into their hands, and never to lay down arms while +there was the remotest chance of successful hostility. Many +a family in Virginia and Kentucky had reason to lament +the slaughter of the noble Cornstalk and his son.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw074.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 200px; height: 218px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw075.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 225px; height: 261px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='THE_MASSACRE_OF_CHICAGO' id='THE_MASSACRE_OF_CHICAGO'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_189' name='page_189'></a>189</span> +<h2>The Massacre of Chicago.</h2> +</div> + +<p>On the site of the present city of Chicago, a fort was +erected in 1803. Feeling secure under this protection, +several families built cabins and began to cultivate the +ground in the vicinity. The large and powerful tribe of +Pottawatomies occupied the neighboring country. When +the war of 1812 broke out, the fort at Chicago was garrisoned +by about fifty men, under the command of Captain +Heald, and as it was so remote from the other American +posts, General Hull determined that it should be abandoned. +The following account of the subsequent disastrous events +is abridged from Brown’s History of Illinois.</p> +<p>On the 7th of August, 1812, in the afternoon, Winnemeg, +or Catfish, a friendly Indian of the Pottawatomie +tribe, arrived at Chicago, and brought dispatches from +General Hull, containing the first, and, at that time, the only +intelligence of the declaration of war. General Hull’s +letter announced the capture of Mackinaw, and directed +Captain Heald “to evacuate the fort at Chicago, if practicable, +and, in that event, to distribute all the United +States property contained in the fort, and the United States +factory or agency, among the Indians in the neighborhood +and repair to Fort Wayne.” Winnemeg having delivered +his dispatches to Captain Heald, and stated that he was +acquainted with the purport of the communication he had +brought, urged upon Captain Heald the policy of remaining +in the fort, being supplied, as they were, with ammunition +and provisions for a considerable time. In case, +however, Captain Heald thought proper to evacuate the +place, he urged upon him the propriety of doing so immediately, +before the Pottawatomies (through whose country +they must pass, and who were as yet ignorant of the object +of his mission) could collect a force sufficient to oppose +them. This advice though given in great earnestness, was +not sufficiently regarded by Captain Heald; who observed, +that he should evacuate the fort, but having received orders +to distribute the public property among the Indians, he did +not feel justified in leaving it until he had collected the +Pottawatomies in its vicinity, and made an equitable +distribution among them. Winnemeg then suggested the expediency +of marching out and leaving every thing standing; +“while the Indians,” said he, “are dividing the spoils, the +troops will be able to retreat without molestation.” This +advice was also unheeded, and an order for evacuating the +fort was read next morning on parade. Captain Heald, +in issuing it, had neglected to consult his junior officers, as +it would have been natural for him to do in such an emergency, +and as he probably would have done had there not +been some coolness between him and Ensign Ronan.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw076.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 337px; height: 283px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 337px;'> +CAPTAIN HEALD IN COUNCIL WITH THE POTTAWATAMIES.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The lieutenant and ensign, after the promulgation of +this order, waited on Captain Heald to learn his intentions; +and being apprized; for the first time, of the course he intended +to pursue, they remonstrated against it. Heald, +however, deemed it advisable to assemble the Indians and +distribute the public property among them, and ask of +them an escort thither, with the promise of a considerable +sum of money to be paid on their safe arrival; adding, +that he had perfect confidence in the friendly professions +of the Indians, from whom, as well as from the soldiers, +the capture of Mackinaw had studiously been concealed. +From this time forward, the junior officers stood aloof from +their commander, and, considering his project as little +short of madness, conversed as little upon the subject as +possible. Dissatisfaction, however, soon filled the camp; +the soldiers began to murmur, and insubordination assumed +a threatening aspect.</p> +<p>The savages, in the mean time became more and more +troublesome; entered the fort occasionally, in defiance of +the sentinels, and even made their way without ceremony +into the quarters of its commanding officer. On one occasion +an Indian, taking up a rifle fired it in the parlor of +Captain Heald; some were of opinion that this was intended +as the signal for an attack. The old chiefs at this time +passed back and forth among the assembled groups, apparently +agitated; and the squaws seemed much excited, as +though some terrible calamity was impending. No further +manifestations, however, of ill-feeling were exhibited, and +the day passed without bloodshed. So infatuated at this +time was Captain Heald, that he supposed he had wrought +a favorable impression upon the savages, and that the little +garrison could now march forth in safety.</p> +<p>The Indians from the adjacent villages having at length +arrived, a council was held on the 12th of August. It was +attended, however, only by Captain Heald on the part of +the military; the other officers refused to attend, having +previously learned that a massacre was intended. This +fact was communicated to Captain Heald; he insisted, +however, on their going, and they resolutely persisted in +their refusal. When Captain Heald left the fort, they repaired +to the block-house, which overlooked the ground +where the council was in session, and opening the portholes, +pointed their cannon in its direction. This circumstance +and their absence, it is supposed, saved the whites +from massacre.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw077.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 340px; height: 504px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 340px;'> +BATTLE BETWEEN MOUNTED TROOPS AND THE INDIANS.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Captain Heald informed the Indians in council, that he +would next day distribute among them all the goods in the +United States factory, together with the ammunition and +provisions with which the garrison was supplied; and desired +of them an escort to Fort Wayne, promising them a +reward on their arrival thither, in addition to the presents +they were about to receive. The savages assented, with +professions of friendship, to all he proposed, and promised +all he required.</p> +<p>The council was no sooner dismissed, than several observing +the tone of feeling which prevailed, and anticipating +from it no good to the garrison, waited on Captain +Heald in order to open his eyes, if possible, to their condition. +The impolicy of furnishing the Indians with arms +and ammunition to be used against themselves, struck Captain +Heald with so much force, that he resolved, without +consulting his officers, to destroy all not required for immediate +use.</p> +<p>On August 13th, the goods in the factory store were +distributed among the Indians, who had collected near the +fort; and in the evening the ammunition, and also the +liquor, belonging to the garrison, were carried, the former +into the sally-port and thrown into the well, and the latter +through the south gate, as silently as possible, to the river +bank, where the heads of the barrels were knocked in, and +their contents discharged into the stream. The Indians, +however, suspecting the game, approached as near as possible +and witnessed the whole scene. The spare muskets +were broken up and thrown into the well, together with +bags of shot, flints, and gun-screws, and other things; all, +however, of but little value.</p> +<p>On the 14th, the despondency of the garrison was for a +while dispelled by the arrival of Captain Wells and fifteen +friendly Miamies. Having heard at Fort Wayne of the +error to evacuate Chicago, and knowing the hostile intentions +of the Pottawatomies, he hastened thither in order +to save, if possible, the little garrison from its doom. +Having, on his arrival, learned that the ammunition had +been destroyed, and the provisions distributed among the +Indians, he saw there was no alternative. Preparations +were therefore made for marching on the morrow.</p> +<p>In the afternoon a second council was held with the +Indians, at which they expressed their resentment at the +destruction of the ammunition and liquor in the severest +terms. Notwithstanding the precautions which had been +observed, the knocking in of the heads of the whisky-barrels +had been heard by the Indians, and the river next +morning tasted, as some of them expressed it, “like strong +grog.” Murmurs and threats were everywhere heard; +and nothing, apparently, was wanting but an opportunity +for some public manifestation of their resentment.</p> +<p>The morning of the 15th dawned as usual; the sun rose +with uncommon splendor, and Lake Michigan “was a sheet +of burnished gold.” Early in the day a message was received +in the American camp from To-pee-na-bee, a chief +of the St. Joseph’s band, informing them that mischief +was brewing among the Pottawatomies, who had promised +them protection.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw078.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 329px; height: 412px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 329px;'> +TO-PEE-NA-BEE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>About nine o’clock, the troops left the fort with martial +music, and in military array. Captain Wells, at the head +of the Miamies, led the van, his face blackened after the +manner of the Indians. The garrison, with loaded arms, +followed, and the wagons with the baggage, the women and +children, the sick and the lame, closed the rear. The Pottawatomies, +about five hundred in number, who had +promised to escort them in safety to Fort Wayne leaving a +little space, afterward followed. The party in advance +took the beach road. They had no sooner arrived at the +sand-hills which separate the prairie from the beach, about +a mile and a half from the fort, when the Pottawatomies, +instead of continuing in rear of the Americans, left the +beach and took to the prairie; the sand-hills of course +intervened, and presented a barrier between the Pottawatomies +and the American and Miami line of march. This +divergence had scarcely been effected, when Captain Wells, +who, with the Miamies was considerably in advance, rode +back and exclaimed, “They are about to attack us; form +instantly and charge upon them.” The word had scarcely +been uttered, before a volley of musketry from behind the +sand-hills was poured in upon them. The troops were +brought immediately into a line and charged upon the bank. +One man, a veteran of seventy, fell as they ascended. The +battle at once became general. The Miamies fled in the +outset; their chief rode up to the Pottawatomies, charged +them with duplicity, and, brandishing his tomahawk, said, +“he would be the first to head a party of Americans, and +return to punish them for their treachery.” He then turned +his horse and galloped off in pursuit of his companions, who +were then scouring across the prairie, and nothing was seen +or heard of them more.</p> +<p>The American troops behaved gallantly; though few in +number, they sold their lives as dearly as possible. They +felt, however, as if their time had come, and sought to forget +all that was dear on earth.</p> +<p>While the battle was raging, the surgeon, Doctor Voorhes, +who was badly wounded, and whose horse had been shot +from under him, approaching Mrs. Helm, the wife of Lieutenant +Helm, (who was in the action, participating in all +its vicissitudes,) observed, “Do you think,” said he, “they +will take our lives? I am badly wounded, but I think not +mortally. Perhaps we can purchase safety by offering a +large reward. Do you think,” continued he, “there is any +chance?”</p> +<p>“Doctor Voorhes,” replied Mrs. Helm, “let us not waste +the few moments which yet remain in idle or ill-founded +hopes. Our fate is inevitable; we must soon appear at +the bar of God; let us make such preparations as are yet +in our power.”</p> +<p>“Oh,” said he, “I cannot die; I am unfit to die! If +I had a short time to prepare! Death! oh, how awful!”</p> +<p>At this moment, Ensign Ronan was fighting at a little +distance with a tall and portly Indian; the former, mortally +wounded, was nearly down, and struggling desperately +upon one knee. Mrs. Helm, pointing her finger, and directing +the attention of Doctor Voorhes thither, observed, +“Look,” said she, “at that young man; he dies like a +soldier.”</p> +<p>“Yes,” said Doctor Voorhes, “but he has no terrors of +the future; he is an unbeliever.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw079.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 309px; height: 342px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 309px;'> +THE MASSACRE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>A young savage immediately raised his tomahawk to +strike Mrs. Helm. She sprang instantly aside, and the +blow intended for her head fell upon her shoulder; she +thereupon seized him around his neck, and while exerting +all her efforts to get possession of his scalping-knife, was +seized by another Indian and dragged forcibly from his +grasp. The latter bore her, struggling and resisting, toward +the lake. Notwithstanding, however, the rapidity +with which she was hurried along, she recognized, as she +passed, the remains of the unfortunate surgeon stretched +lifeless on the prairie. She was plunged immediately into +the water and held there, notwithstanding her resistance, +with a forcible hand. She shortly, however, perceived that +the intention of her captor was not to drown her, as he held +her in a position to keep her head above the water. Thus +reassured, she looked at him attentively, and, in spite of +his disguise, recognized the “white man’s friend.” It was +Black Partridge.</p> +<p>When the firing had ceased, her preserver bore her from +the water and conducted her up the sand-bank. It was a +beautiful day in August. The heat, however, of the sun +was oppressive; and, walking through the sand, exposed +to its burning rays, in her drenched condition—weary, and +exhausted by efforts beyond her strength—anxious beyond +measure to learn the fate of her friends, and alarmed for +her own, her situation was one of agony.</p> +<p>The troops having fought with desperation till two-thirds +of their number were slain, the remainder twenty-seven in +all, borne down by an overwhelming force, and exhausted +by efforts hitherto unequalled, at length surrendered. They +stipulated, however, for their own safety and for the safety +of their remaining women and children. The wounded +prisoners, however, in the hurry of the moment, were unfortunately +omitted, or rather not particularly mentioned +and were therefore regarded by the Indians as having been +excluded.</p> +<p>One of the soldiers’ wives, having frequently been told +that prisoners taken by the Indians were subjected to tortures +worse than death, had from the first expressed a resolution +never to be taken; and when a party of savages +approached to make her their prisoner, she fought with +desperation; and, though assured of kind treatment and +protection, refused to surrender, and was literally cut in +pieces and her mangled remains left on the field.</p> +<p>After the surrender, one of the baggage wagons, containing +twelve children, was assailed by a single savage +and the whole number were massacred. All, without distinction +of age or sex, fell at once beneath his murderous +tomahawk.</p> +<p>Captain Wells, who had as yet escaped unharmed, saw +from a distance the whole of this murderous scene; and +being apprized of the stipulation, and seeing it thus violated, +exclaimed aloud, so as to be heard by the Pottawatomies +around him, whose prisoner he then was, “If this be your +game, I will kill too!” and turning his horse’s head, instantly +started for the Pottawatomie camp, where the +squaws and Indian children had been left ere the battle +began. He had no sooner started, than several Indians +followed in his rear and discharged their rifles at him as +he galloped across the prairie. He laid himself flat on the +neck of his horse, and was apparently out of their reach, +when the ball of one of his pursuers took effect, killing his +horse and wounding him severely. He was again a prisoner; +as the savages came up, Winnemeg and Wa-ban-see, +two of their number, and both his friends, used all their +endeavors in order to save him; they had disengaged him +already from his horse, and were supporting him along, +when Pee-so-tum, a Pottawatomie Indian, drawing his +scalping-knife, stabbed him in the back, and thus inflicted +a mortal wound. After struggling for a moment he fell, +and breathed his last in the arms of his friends, a victim +for those he had sought to save—a sacrifice to his own rash +intentions.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw080.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 340px; height: 388px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 340px;'> +WINNEMEG, OR THE CATFISH.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The battle having ended, and the prisoners being secured, +the latter were conducted to the Pottawatomie camp +near the fort. Here the wife of Wau-bee-nee-mah, an Illinois +chief, perceiving the exhausted condition of Mrs. +Helm, took a kettle, and dipping up some water from the +stream which flowed sluggishly by them, threw into it some +maple sugar, and, stirring it up with her hand, gave her +to drink. “It was,” says Mrs. Helm, “the most delicious +draught I had ever taken, and her kindness of manner, +amid so much atrocity, touched my heart.” Her attention, +however, was soon directed to other objects. The fort, +after the troops had marched out, became a scene of plunder. +The cattle were shot down as they ran at large, and lay +dead, or were dying around her. It called up afresh a +remark of Ensign Ronan’s, made before; “Such,” said +he, “is to be our fate—to be shot down like brutes.”</p> +<p>The wounded prisoners, we have already remarked, were +not included in the stipulation made on the battle-field, as +the <i>Indians understood it</i>. On reaching, therefore, the +Pottawatomie camp, a scene followed which beggars description. +A wounded soldier, lying on the ground, was +violently assaulted by an old squaw, infuriated by the loss +of friends or excited by the murderous scenes around her—who, +seizing a pitchfork, attacked the wretched victim, now +helpless, and exposed to the burning rays of the sun, his +wounds already aggravated by its heat, and he writhing +in torture. During the succeeding night, five other wounded +prisoners were tomahawked.</p> +<p>Those unwounded remained in the wigwams of their +captors. The work of plunder being now completed, the +fort next day was set on fire. A fair and equal distribution +of all the finery belonging to the garrison had apparently +been made, and shawls and ribands and feathers +were scattered about the camp in great profusion.</p> +<p>After suffering many hardships, Mrs. Helm, Mrs. Heald, +and the surviving male prisoners were ransomed and sent +back to their friends. A few of them, however, were not +set at liberty until after the battle of the Thames.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw081.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 287px; height: 211px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw082.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 159px; height: 182px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='THE_TWO_FRIENDS' id='THE_TWO_FRIENDS'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_211' name='page_211'></a>211</span> +<h2>The Two Friends.</h2> +</div> + +<p>In August, 1786, Mr. Francis Downing, then a lad, +was living in a fort, where subsequently some iron works +were erected by Mr. Jacob Myers, which are now known +by the name of Slate Creek works. About the 16th, a +young man belonging to the fort, called upon Downing, +and requested his assistance in hunting for a horse which +had strayed away on the preceding evening. Downing +readily complied, and the two friends traversed the woods +in every direction, until at length, towards evening, they +found themselves in a wild valley, at a distance of six or +seven miles from the fort. Here Downing became alarmed +and repeatedly assured his elder companion, (whose name +was Yates,) that he heard sticks cracking behind them, +and was confident that Indians were dogging them. Yates, +being an experienced hunter, and from habit grown indifferent +to the dangers of the woods, diverted himself freely +at the expense of his young companion, often inquiring, +at what price he rated his scalp, and offering to ensure it +for sixpence. Downing, however, was not so easily satisfied. +He observed, that in whatever direction they turned, the +same ominous sounds continued to haunt them, and as +Yates still treated his fears with the most perfect indifference, +he determined to take his measures upon his own +responsibility. Gradually slackening his pace, he permitted +Yates to advance twenty or thirty steps in front of him, +and immediately after descending a gentle hill, he suddenly +sprung aside and hid himself in a thick cluster of whortleberry +bushes. Yates, who at that time was performing +some woodland ditty to the full extent of his lungs, was +too much pleased with his own voice, to attend either to +Downing or the Indians, and was quickly out of sight. +Scarcely had he disappeared, when Downing, to his unspeakable +terror, beheld two savages put aside the stalks +of a canebrake, and looked out cautiously in the direction +which Yates had taken. Fearful that they had seen him +step aside, he determined to fire upon them, and trust to +his heels for safety, but so unsteady was his hand, that in +raising his gun to his shoulder, she went off before he had +taken aim. He lost no time in following her example, and +after having run fifty yards, he met Yates, who, alarmed +at the report, was hastily retracing his steps. It was not +necessary to inquire what was the matter. The enemy +were in full view, pressing forward with great rapidity, and +“devil take the hindmost,” was the order of the day. Yates +would not outstrip Downing, but ran by his side, although +in so doing, he risked both of their lives. The Indians +were well acquainted with the country, and soon took a +path that diverged from the one which the whites followed, +at one point and rejoined it at another, bearing the same +relation to it that the string does to the bow. The two +paths were at no point distant from each other more than +one hundred yards, so that Yates and Downing could easily +see the enemy gaining rapidly upon them. They reached +the point of re-union first, however, and quickly came to +a deep gully which it was necessary to recross, or retrace +their steps. Yates cleared it without difficulty, but Downing +being, much exhausted, fell short, falling with his breast +against the opposite brink, rebounded with violence, and +fell at full length on the bottom. The Indians crossed the +ditch a few yards below him, and, eager for the capture +of Yates, continued the pursuit, without appearing to notice +Downing. The latter who at first had given himself up +for lost, quickly recovered his strength, and began to walk +slowly along the ditch, fearing to leave it lest the enemy +should see him. As he advanced, however, the ditch became +more shallow, until at length it ceased to protect him +at all. Looking around cautiously, he saw one of the Indians +returning apparently in quest of him. Unfortunately, +he had neglected to reload his gun, while in the ditch, and +as the Indian instantly advanced upon him, he had no resource +but flight. Throwing away his gun, which was now +useless, he plied his legs manfully, in ascending a long +ridge which stretched before him, but the Indian gained +upon him so rapidly, that he lost all hope of escape. Coming +at length to a large poplar which had been blown up by +the roots, he ran along the body of the tree upon one side +while the Indian followed it upon the other, doubtless expecting +to intercept him at the root. It happened that a +large she bear was sucking her cubs in a bed which she had +made at the root of the tree, and as the Indian reached +that point, she instantly sprung upon him, and a prodigious +uproar took place. The Indian yelled, and stabbed +with his knife, the bear growled and saluted him with one +of her most endearing “hugs;”—while Downing, fervently +wishing her success, ran off through the woods, without +waiting to see the event of the struggle. Downing reached +the fort in safety, and found Yates reposing after a hot +chase, having eluded his pursuers, and gained the fort two +hours before him. On the next morning, they collected a +party and returned to the poplar tree, but no traces either +of the Indian or bear were to be found. They both probably +escaped with their lives, although not without injury.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw083.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 339px; height: 447px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 339px;'> +DOWNING ALARMED AT THE NOISE OF THE INDIANS.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw084.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 256px; height: 198px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw085.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 336px; height: 471px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 336px;'> +THE DESERTER ACTING AS A GUIDE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw086.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 315px; height: 393px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='DESERTION_OF_A_YOUNG_WHITE_MAN_FROM_A_PARTY_OF_INDIANS' id='DESERTION_OF_A_YOUNG_WHITE_MAN_FROM_A_PARTY_OF_INDIANS'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_219' name='page_219'></a>219</span> +<h2>Desertion of a young White Man, from a party of Indians.</h2> +</div> + +<p>In the year 1787, the following incident occurred in +Bourbon county Kentucky. One morning, about sun rise, +a young man of wild and savage appearance, suddenly arose +from a cluster of bushes in front of a cabin, and hailed the +house in a barbarous dialect, which seemed neither exactly +Indian nor English, but a collection of shreds and patches +from which the graces of both were carefully excluded. +His skin had evidently once been white—although now +grievously tanned by constant exposure to the weather. +His dress in every respect was that of an Indian, as were +his gestures, tones and equipments, and his age could not +be supposed to exceed twenty years. He talked volubly, +but uncouthly, placed his hand upon his breast, gestured +vehemently, and seemed very earnestly bent upon communicating +something. He was invited to enter the cabin, +and the neighbors quickly collected around him. He appeared +involuntarily to shrink from contact with them—his +eyes rolled rapidly around with a distrustful expression +from one to the other, and his whole manner was that of +a wild animal, just caught, and shrinking from the touch +of its captors.—As several present understood the Indian +tongue, they at length gathered the following circumstances +as accurately as they could be translated, out of a language +which seemed to be an “omnium gatherum” of all that was +mongrel, uncouth and barbarous. He said that he had +been taken by the Indians, when a child, but could neither +recollect his name, nor the country of his birth.—That he +had been adopted by an Indian warrior, who brought him +up with his other sons, without making the slightest difference +between them, and that under his father’s roof, he +had lived happily until within the last month. A few weeks +before that time, his father, accompanied by himself and +a younger brother, had hunted for some time upon the +waters of the Miami, about forty miles from the spot where +Cincinnati now stands, and after all their meat, skins, &c., +had been properly secured, the old man determined to +gratify his children by taking them upon a war expedition +to Kentucky. They accordingly built a bark canoe, in +which they crossed the Ohio, near the mouth of Licking, +and having buried it, so as to secure it from the action of +the sun, they advanced into the country and encamped at +the distance of fifteen miles from the river. Here their +father was alarmed by hearing an owl cry in a peculiar +tone, which he declared boded death or captivity to themselves, +if they continued their expedition—and announced +his intention of returning without delay to the river. Both +of his sons vehemently opposed this resolution, and at +length prevailed upon the old man to disregard the owl’s +warning, and conduct them, as he had promised, against +the frontiers of Kentucky. The party then composed +themselves to sleep, but were quickly awakened by the +father, who had again been warned in a dream that death +awaited them in Kentucky, and again besought his children +to release him from his promise and lose no time in returning +home. Again they prevailed upon him to disregard +the warning, and persevere in the march. He consented +to gratify them, but declared he would not remain +a moment longer in the camp which they now occupied, +and accordingly they left it immediately, and marched on +through the night, directing their course towards Bourbon +county. In the evening they approached a house, that +which he hailed and in which he was now speaking. Suddenly +the desire of rejoining his people occupied his mind +so strongly as to exclude every other idea, and seizing the +first favorable opportunity, he had concealed himself in +the bushes, and neglected to reply to all the signals which +had been concerted for the purpose of collecting their party +when scattered. This account appeared so extraordinary, +and the young man’s appearance was so wild and suspicious, +that many of the neighbors suspected him of treachery, and +thought that he should be arrested as a spy. Others opposed +this resolution and gave full credit to his narrative. +In order to satisfy themselves, however, they insisted upon +his immediately conducting them to the spot where the +canoe had been buried. To this the young man objected +most vehemently, declaring that although he had deserted +his father and brother, yet he would not betray them. +These feelings were too delicate to meet with much sympathy +from the rude borderers who surrounded him, and +he was given to understand that nothing short of conducting +them to the point of embarkation, would be accepted as an +evidence of his sincerity.—With obvious reluctance he at +length complied. From twenty to thirty men were quickly +assembled, mounted upon good horses, and under the +guidance of the deserter, they moved rapidly towards the +mouth of Licking. On the road the young man informed +them that he would first conduct them to the spot, where +they had encamped when the scream of the owl alarmed +his father, and where an iron kettle had been concealed in +a hollow tree. He was probably induced to do this from +the hope of delaying the pursuit so long as to afford his +friends an opportunity of crossing the river in safety. But +if such was his intention, no measure could have been more +unfortunate.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw087.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 477px; height: 321px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 477px;'> +THE SURPRISE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The whites approached the encampment in deep silence, +and quickly perceived two Indians, an old man and a boy, +seated by the fire and busily engaged in cooking some +venison.—The deserter became much agitated at the sight +of them, and so earnestly implored his countrymen not to +kill them, that it was agreed to surround the encampment, +and endeavor to secure them as prisoners. This was accordingly +attempted, but so desperate was the resistance +of the Indians, and so determined were their efforts to escape, +that the whites were compelled to fire upon them, +and the old man fell mortally wounded, while the boy, by +an incredible display of address and activity, was enabled +to escape. The deserter beheld his father fall, and throwing +himself from his horse, he ran up to the spot where the +old man lay bleeding, but still sensible, and falling upon +his body, besought his forgiveness for being the unwilling +cause of his death, and wept bitterly. His father evidently +recognized him, and gave him his hand, but almost instantly +afterwards expired. The white men now called +upon him to conduct them at a gallop to the spot where +the canoe was buried, expecting to reach it before the Indian +boy and intercept him. The deserter in vain implored +them to compassionate his feelings. He urged that he had +already sufficiently demonstrated the truth of his former +assertions, at the expense of his father’s life, and earnestly +entreated them to permit his younger brother to escape. +His companions, however, were inexorable. Nothing but +the blood of the young Indian would satisfy them, and the +deserter was again compelled to act in the capacity of a +guide.</p> +<p>Within two hours they reached the designated spot. +The canoe was still there, and no track could be seen upon +the sand, so that it was evident that their victim had not +yet arrived. Hastily dismounting, they tied their horses +and concealed themselves within close rifle shot of the +canoe. Within ten minutes after their arrival the Indian +appeared in sight, walking swiftly towards them. He went +straight to the spot where the canoe had been buried, and +was in the act of digging it up, when he received a dozen +balls through his body, and leaping high into the air fell +dead upon the sand. He was scalped and buried where +he fell, without having seen his brother, and probably +without having known the treachery by which he and his +father had lost their lives. The deserter remained but a +short time in Bourbon, and never regained his tranquillity +of mind. He shortly afterwards disappeared, but whether +to seek his relations in Virginia or Pennsylvania, or whether +disgusted by the ferocity of the whites, he returned to the +Indians, has never yet been known. He was never heard +of afterwards.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw088.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 174px; height: 153px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw089.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 354px; height: 396px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 354px;'> +MORGAN AND THE INDIAN.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw090.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 218px; height: 245px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='MORGAN_S_TRIUMPH' id='MORGAN_S_TRIUMPH'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_229' name='page_229'></a>229</span> +<h2>Morgan’s Triumph.</h2> +</div> + +<p>In 1779, a Mr. Morgan, of Prickett’s Fort, West Virginia, +was surprised in the woods by two Indians, who +immediately gave chase. Being old and somewhat infirm, +he faltered in the race, and was obliged to take refuge +behind a tree; the Indians did the same, but one of them +exposing his body, was shot by Morgan, and, after falling, +stabbed himself. Morgan again fled; but his surviving +antagonist gained rapidly upon him, and at length raised +his gun to fire. Morgan adroitly stepped aside, and the +ball passed him. Then each rushed to closer combat.</p> +<p>Morgan, while striking with his gun, received the Indian’s +tomahawk, which cut off a finger, and knocked the gun +from his grasp. Being an expert wrestler, he closed, and +threw his antagonist; but he was speedily overturned, +when the Indian, uttering the customary yell of triumph, +began feeling for his knife. Its hilt was entangled in a +woman’s apron, which the savage had tied round his +waist; and this apparent trivial circumstance saved the +prostrate hunter. During the search, Morgan had seized +his antagonist’s fingers with his teeth, a position in which +he used all becoming exertions to keep them. Meanwhile +he assisted in the search for the knife. The Indian at +length seized it, but so far towards the blade, that Morgan +caught hold of the upper portion of the handle, and +drew it through his adversary’s hand, inflicting a deep +wound. Both sprang erect, Morgan still holding on to +the Indian’s fingers, and having his body within his grasp. +He had therefore all the advantage, and while his foe was +struggling to disengage himself, he plunged the knife to +the hilt in his body. The daring hunter returned to the +fort in triumph.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw091.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 184px; height: 83px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw092.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 436px; height: 293px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 436px;'> +VIEW OF WYOMING.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw093.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 242px; height: 239px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 242px;'> +COLONEL ZEBULON BUTLER.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='MASSACRE_OF_WYOMING' id='MASSACRE_OF_WYOMING'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_233' name='page_233'></a>233</span> +<h2>Massacre of Wyoming.</h2> +</div> + +<p>The following account of the battle and massacre is +taken from an interesting history of Wyoming, written by +Isaac Chapman, Esq., late of Wilkesbarre. Judge Chapman +lived upon the spot, and could hardly fail to have +collected ample materials, and to give a correct narrative +of the events which transpired there during the Revolutionary +war. The inhabitants had collected in Forty +Fort—the principal fort in the valley. The number of +men was three hundred and sixty-eight.</p> +<p>On the morning of the 3d of July, 1778, the officers +of the garrison of Forty Fort held a council to determine +on the propriety of marching from the fort, and attacking +the enemy wherever found. The debates in this council +of war are said to have been conducted with much warmth +and animation. The ultimate determination was one on +which depended the lives of the garrison and safety of +the settlement. On one side it was contended that their +enemies were daily increasing in numbers; that they would +plunder the settlement of all kinds of property, and would +accumulate the means of carrying on the war, while they +themselves would become weaker; that the harvest would +soon be ripe, and would be gathered or destroyed by their +enemies, and all their means of sustenance during the +succeeding winter would fail; that probably all their +messengers were killed, and as there had been more than +sufficient time, and no assistance arrived, they would probably +receive none, and consequently now was the proper +time to make an attack.</p> +<p>On the other side it was argued, that probably some or +all the messengers may have arrived at head-quarters, +but that the absence of the commander-in-chief may have +produced delay; that one or two weeks more may bring +the desired assistance, and that to attack the enemy, superior +as they were in number, out of the limits of their +own fort, would produce almost certain destruction to the +settlements and themselves, and captivity, and slavery, +perhaps torture, to their wives and children.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw094.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 400px; height: 254px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 400px;'> +THE MASSACRE OF WYOMING.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>While these debates were progressing, five men belonging +to Wyoming, but who at that time held commissions +in the continental army, arrived at the fort; they had +received information that a force from Niagara had +marched to destroy the settlements on the Susquehanna, +and being unable to bring with them any reinforcement, +they resigned their appointments, and hastened immediately +to the protection of their families. They had heard +nothing of the messengers, neither could they give any +certain information as to the probability of relief.</p> +<p>The prospect of receiving assistance became now extremely +uncertain. The advocates for the attack prevailed +in the council, and at dawn of day, on the morning of +the 3d of July, the garrison left the fort, and began their +march up the river, under the command of Colonel Zebulon +Butler. Having proceeded about two miles, the troops +halted for the purpose of detaching a reconnoitering party, +to ascertain the situation of the enemy.</p> +<p>The scout found the enemy in possession of Fort Wintermoot, +and occupying huts immediately around it, carousing +in supposed security; but on their return to the advancing +column, they met two strolling Indians, by whom +they were fired upon, and upon whom they immediately +returned the fire without effect. The settlers hastened +their march for the attack, but the Indians had given the +alarm, and the advancing troops found the enemy already +formed in order of battle a small distance from their fort, +with their right flank covered by a swamp, and their left +resting upon the bank of a river. The settlers immediately +displayed their column and formed in corresponding +order, but as the enemy was much superior in numbers, +their line was much more extensive. Pine woods and +bushes covered the battle-ground, in consequence of +which, the movements of the troops could not be so quickly +discovered, nor so well ascertained. Colonel Zebulon +Butler had command of the right, and was opposed by +Colonel John Butler at the head of the British troops on +the left, Colonel Nathan Denison commanded the left, +opposed by Brant at the head of his Indians on the enemy’s +right. The battle commenced at about forty rods distant, +and continued about fifteen minutes through the woods +and brush without much execution. At this time, Brant +with his Indians having penetrated the swamp, turned +the left flank of the settler’s line, and with a terrible war-whoop +and savage yell, made a desperate charge upon the +troops composing that wing, which fell very fast, and +were immediately cut to pieces with the tomahawk. Colonel +Denison having ascertained that the savages were +gaining the rear of the left, gave orders for that wing +<i>to fall back</i>. At the same time, Colonel John Butler, finding +that the line of settlers did not extend so far towards +the river as his own, doubled that end of his line which +was protected by a thick growth of brushwood, and having +brought a party of his British regulars to act in +column upon that wing, threw Colonel Zebulon Butler’s +into some confusion. The orders of Colonel Denison for +his troops to fall back, having been understood by many +to mean a retreat, the troops began to retire in much disorder. +The savages considered this a flight, and commencing +a most hideous yell, rushed forward with their +rifles and tomahawks, and cut the retiring line to pieces. +In this situation it was found impossible to rally and +form the troops, and the rout became general throughout +the line.</p> +<p>The settlers fled in every direction, and were instantly +followed by the savages, who killed or took prisoners whoever +came within their reach. Some succeeded in reaching +the river, and escaped by swimming across; others fled +to the mountains, and the savages, too much occupied +with plunder, gave up the pursuit.</p> +<p>When the first intelligence was received in the village +of Wilkesbarre that the battle was lost, the women fled +with their children to the mountains on their way to the +settlements on the Delaware, where many of them at length +arrived after suffering extreme hardships. Many of the +men who escaped the battle, together with their women +and children, who were unable to travel on foot, took refuge +in Wyoming fort, and on the following day (July 4th,) +Butler and Brant, at the head of their combined forces, +appeared before the fort, and demanded its surrender. +The garrison being without any efficient means of defence, +surrendered the fort on articles of capitulation, by +which the settlers, upon giving up their fortifications, prisoners, +and military stores, were to remain in the country +unmolested, provided they did not again take up arms.</p> +<p>In this battle about three hundred of the settlers were +killed or missing, from a great part of whom no intelligence +was ever afterward received.</p> +<p>The conditions of the capitulation were entirely disregarded +by the British and savage forces, and after the +fort was delivered up, all kinds of barbarities were committed +by them. The village of Wilkesbarre, consisting +of twenty-three houses, was burnt; men and their wives +were separated from each other, and carried into captivity: +their property was plundered, and the settlement laid +waste. The remainder of the inhabitants were driven +from the valley, and compelled to proceed on foot sixty +miles through the great swamp, almost without food or +clothing. A number perished in the journey, principally +women and children; some died of their wounds; others +wandered from the path in search of food, and were lost, +and those who survived called the wilderness through +which they had passed, “the shades of death!” a name +which it has since retained.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw095.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 336px; height: 243px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw096.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 390px; height: 320px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 390px;'> +THE BLOCK-HOUSE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw097.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 332px; height: 317px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='HEROIC_WOMEN_OF_THE_WEST' id='HEROIC_WOMEN_OF_THE_WEST'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_243' name='page_243'></a>243</span> +<h2>Heroic Women of the West.</h2> +</div> + +<p>The following incidents are taken from a letter addressed +by Captain Nathaniel Hart, of Woodford county, Kentucky, +to Governor Morehead:</p> +<p><span style='font-variant: small-caps'>Dear Sir.</span>—Connected with your address delivered at +the celebration of the first settlement of Kentucky, at +Boonesborough, the circumstances attending the escape +and defence of Mrs. Woods, about the year 1784-5, near +the Crab Orchard, in Lincoln county, may not be without +interest. I have a distinct recollection of them. Mr. Woods, +her husband, was absent from home, and early in the +morning, being a short distance from her cabin, she discovered +several Indians advancing towards it. She reached +it before all but one, who was so far ahead of the others, +that before she could close and fasten the door, he entered. +Instantly he was seized by a lame negro man of the family, +and after a short scuffle, they both fell—the negro underneath. +But he held the Indian so fast, that he was unable +to use either his scalping knife or tomahawk, when he called +upon his young mistress to take the axe from under the +bed, and dispatch him by a blow upon the head. She immediately +attempted it: but the first attempt was a failure +She repeated the blow and killed him. The other Indians +were at the door endeavoring to force it open with their +tomahawks. The negro rose, and proposed to Mrs. Woods +to let in another, and they would soon dispose of the whole +of them in the same way. The cabin was but a short +distance from a station, the occupants of which, having +discovered the perilous situation of the family, fired on the +Indians, and killed another, when the remainder made their +escape.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw098.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 396px; height: 271px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 396px;'> +MRS. DUREE OVER THE DEAD BODY OF HER HUSBAND.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>This incident is not more extaordinary than one that +happened, in the fall or winter of 1781-2, to some families +belonging to our own fort at the White Oak Spring. My +father settled this fort in 1779. It was situated about a +mile above Boonesborough and in the same bottom of the +river. It was composed principally of families from York +county, Pennsylvania—orderly, respectable people, and +the men good soldiers. But they were unaccustomed to +Indian warfare, and the consequence was, that of some +ten or twelve men, all were killed but two or three. During +this period, Peter Duree, the elder, the principal man of +the connection, determined to settle a new fort between +Estill’s station and the mouth of Muddy Creek, directly +on the trace between the Cherokee and Shawnese towns. +Having erected a cabin, his son-in-law, John Bullock and +his family, and his son Peter Duree, his wife and two +children, removed to it, taking a pair of hand mill stones +with them. They remained for two or three days shut up +in their cabin, but their corn meal being exhausted, they +were compelled to venture out to cut a hollow tree in order +to adjust their hand mill. They were attacked by Indians—Bullock, +after running a short distance, fell. Duree reached +the cabin, and threw himself upon the bed. Mrs. Bullock +ran to the door to ascertain the fate of her husband—received +a shot in the breast, and fell across the door sill. +Mrs. Duree, not knowing whether her husband had been +shot or had fainted, caught her by the feet, pulled her +into the house and barred the door. She grasped a rifle +and told her husband, she would help him to fight. He +replied that he had been wounded and was dying. She +then presented the gun through several port holes in quick +succession—then calmly sat by her husband and closed +his eyes in death. You would conclude that the scene +ought to end here—but after waiting several hours, and +seeing nothing more of the Indians, she sallied out in desperation +to make her way to the White Oak Spring, with +her infant in her arms, and a son, three or four years of +age, following her. Afraid to pursue the trace, she entered +the woods, and after running till she was nearly exhausted +she came at length to the trace. She determined to follow +it at all hazards, and having advanced a few miles further, +she met the elder Mr. Duree, with his wife, and youngest son, +with their baggage, on their way to the new station. The +melancholy tidings induced them, of course, to return. +They led their horses into an adjoining canebrake, unloaded +them, and regained the White Oak Spring fort before daylight.</p> +<p>It is impossible at this day to make a just impression of +the sufferings of the pioneers about the period spoken of. +The White Oak Spring fort in 1782, with perhaps one +hundred souls in it, was reduced in August to three fighting +white men—and I can say with truth, that for two or three +weeks, my mother’s family never unclothed themselves to +sleep, nor were all of them, within the time, at their meals +together, nor was any household business attempted. Food +was prepared, and placed where those who chose could +eat. It was the period when Bryant’s station was besieged +and for many days before and after that gloomy event, we +were in constant expectation of being made prisoners. +We made application to Colonel Logan for a guard, and +obtained one, but not until the danger was measurably +over. It then consisted of two men only. Colonel Logan +did everything in his power, as county lieutenant, to sustain +the different forts—but it was not a very easy matter +to order a married man from a fort where his family was +to defend some other—when his own was in imminent +danger.</p> +<p>I went with my mother in January, 1783, to Logan’s +station, to prove my father’s will. He had fallen in the +preceding July. Twenty armed men were of the party. +Twenty-three widows were in attendance upon the court, +to obtain letters of administration on the estates of their +husbands, who had been killed during the past year. My +mother went to Colonel Logan’s, who received and treated +her like a sister.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw099.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 320px; height: 269px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw100.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 240px; height: 254px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 240px;'> +GENERAL ST. CLAIR.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='INDIAN_STRATEGEM_FOILED' id='INDIAN_STRATEGEM_FOILED'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_250' name='page_250'></a>250</span> +<h2>Indian Strategem Foiled.</h2> +</div> + +<p>The Chippewas are a numerous people inhabiting the +country north of Lake Superior, and about the source of +the Mississippi. They are divided into several tribes, +and are distinguished by the number of blue or black +lines tattooed on their cheeks and foreheads.</p> +<p>Travellers have always described them as “the most +peaceable tribe of Indians known in North America.” +They are not remarkable for their activity as hunters, and +this no doubt is owing to the ease with which they can +procure both game and fish.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw101.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 470px; height: 285px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 470px;'> +THE SENTINEL.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>In their pursuit of deer, they sometimes drive them +into the small lakes, and then spear them from their canoes; +or shoot them with the bow and arrow, after having +driven them into inclosures constructed for the purpose. +Snares made of deer sinews, too, are frequently used for +catching large and small game: and as these occupations +are not beyond the strength of the old men and boys, +they take a share in these toils, which among most of the +tribes are left exclusively to the squaws.</p> +<p>In person the Chippewas are not remarkable; they are +generally robust, their complexion swarthy, their features +broad, and their hair straight and black, which is the case +in most of the Indian tribes. But they have not that +piercing eye, which so generally animates the Indian +countenance.</p> +<p>The aspect of the women is more agreeable than that +of the men; they wear their hair of a great length, and +pay much attention to its arrangement, greasing it with +considerable taste.</p> +<p>They appear to be more attentive to the comforts of +dress, and less anxious about its exterior than of their red +brethren. Deer and fawn skins, dressed with the hair +on, so skilfully that they are perfectly supple, compose +their shirt or coat, which is girt round the waist with a +belt, and reaches half way down the thigh. Their moccasins +and leggins are generally sewn together, and the +latter meet the belt to which they are fastened. A ruff +or tippet surrounds the neck, and the skin of the deer’s +head is formed into a curious sort of cap.</p> +<p>A robe of several deer skins sewn together is throw +over the whole; this dress is sometimes worn single, but +in winter it is always made double, the hair forming both +the lining and the outside.</p> +<p>Thus attired, a Chippewa will lay himself down on the +snow and repose in comfort; and if in his wanderings +across the numerous lakes with which his country abounds, +he should fall short of provisions, he has only to cut a +hole in the ice, when he seldom fails of taking a blackfish, +or a bass, which he broils over his little wood fire +with as much skill as a French cook.</p> +<p>At the time of the French and Indian wars, the American +army was encamped on the Plains of Chippewa. +Colonel St. Clair, the commander, was a brave and meritorious +officer, but his bravery sometimes amounted to rashness, +and his enemies have accused him of indiscretion. +In the present instance perhaps he may have merited the +accusation, for the plain on which he had encamped was +bordered by a dense forest, from which the Indian scouts +could easily pick off his sentinels without in the least +exposing themselves to danger.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw102.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 536px; height: 329px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 536px;'> +CHIPPEWA INDIANS FISHING ON THE ICE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Five nights had passed, and every night the sentinel, +who stood at a lonely out-post in the vicinity of the forest, +had been shot; and these repeated disasters struck such +dread among the remaining soldiers, that no one would +come forward to offer to take the post, and the commander, +knowing it was only throwing men’s lives away, +let it stand for a few nights unoccupied.</p> +<p>At length, a rifleman of the Virginian corps, volunteered +his services for this dangerous duty; he laughed at the +fears of his companions, and told them he meant to return +safe and drink his commander’s health in the morning. +The guard marched up soon after, and he shouldered +his rifle and fell. He arrived at the place which had been +so fatal to his comrades, and bidding his fellow soldiers +“good night,” assumed the duties of his post. The night +was dark, thick clouds overspread the firmament, and +hardly a star could be seen by the sentinel as he paced +his lonely walk. All was silent except the gradually retreating +footsteps of the guard; he marched onwards, +then stopped and listened till he thought he heard the +joyful sound of “All’s well”—then all was still, and he +sat down on a fallen tree and began to muse. Presently +a low rustling among the bushes caught his ear; he gazed +intently towards the spot whence the sound seemed to +proceed, but he could see nothing save the impenetrable +gloom of the forest. The sound grew nearer, and a well-known +grunt informed him of the approach of a bear. +The animal passed the soldier slowly, and then quietly +sought the thicket to the left. At this moment the moon +shone out bright through the parting clouds, and the wary +soldier perceived the ornamented moccasin of a savage on +what an instant before he believed to be a bear! He +could have shot him in a moment, but he knew not how +many other animals might be at hand; he therefore refrained, +and having perfect knowledge of Indian subtilty, +he quickly took off his hat and coat, hung them on a +branch of a fallen tree, grasped his rifle, and silently +crept towards the thicket. He had barely reached it, +when an arrow, whizzing past his head, told him of the +danger he had so narrowly escaped.</p> +<p>He looked carefully round him, and on a little spot of +cleared land he counted twelve Indians, some sitting, some +lying full length on the thickly strewn leaves of the forest. +Believing that they had already shot the sentinel, and little +thinking there was any one within hearing, they were +quite off their guard, and conversed aloud about their +plans for the morrow.</p> +<p>It appeared that a council of twelve chiefs was now +held, in which they gravely deliberated on the most effectual +means of annoying the enemy. It was decided that +the next evening forty of their warriors should be in readiness +at the hour when the sentinel should be left by his +comrades, and that when they had retired a few paces, an +arrow should silence him for ever, and they would then +rush on and massacre the guard.</p> +<p>This being concluded, they rose, and drawing the numerous +folds of their ample robes closer round them, they +marched off in Indian file through the gloomy forest, seeking +some more distant spot, where the smoke of their nightly +fire would not be observed by the white men.</p> +<p>The sentinel rose from his hiding-place and returned to +his post, and taking down his hat, found that an arrow +had passed clean through it. He then wrapt himself in +his watch-coat, and returned immediately to the camp; +and without any delay demanded to speak to the commander, +saying that he had something important to communicate.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw103.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 284px; height: 336px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 284px;'> +GENERAL MORGAN.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>He was admitted, and when he had told all that he had +seen and heard, the Colonel bestowed on him the commission +of lieutenant of the Virginia corps, which had been +made vacant by the death of one of his comrades a few +nights back, and ordered him to be ready with a picket +guard, to march an hour earlier than usual to the fatal +out-post, there to place a hat and coat on the branches, and +then lie in ambush for the intruders.</p> +<p>The following evening, according to the orders given by +Colonel St. Clair, a detachment of forty riflemen, with +Lieutenant Morgan at their head, marched from the camp +at half past seven in the evening towards the appointed +spot, and having arranged the hat and coat so as to have +the appearance of a soldier standing on guard, they stole +silently away and hid themselves among the bushes.</p> +<p>Here they lay for almost an hour before any signs of +approaching Indians were heard. The night was cold +and still, and the rising moon shone forth in all her beauty. +The men were becoming impatient of their uncomfortable +situation, for their clothes were not so well adapted to a +bed of snow as the deer-skin robes of the hardy Chippewas.</p> +<p>“Silence!” whispered Lieutenant Morgan—“I hear the +rustling of the leaves.”</p> +<p>Presently a bear of the same description as had been +seen the night before, passed near the ambush; it crept +to the edge of the plain—reconnoitred—saw the sentinel +at his post—retired towards the forest a few paces, and +then, suddenly rising on his feet, let fly an arrow which +brought the sham sentinel to the ground. So impatient +were the Virginians to avenge the death of their comrades +that they could scarcely wait till the lieutenant gave the +word of command to fire—then they rose in a body, and +before the Chippewas had time to draw their arrows or +seize their tomahawks, more than half their number lay +dead upon the plain. The rest fled to the forest, but the +riflemen fired again, and killed or wounded several more +of the enemy. They then returned in triumph to relate +their exploits in the camp.</p> +<p>Ten chiefs fell that night, and their fall was, undoubtedly, +one principal cause of the French and Indian wars with the +English.</p> +<p>Lieutenant Morgan rose to be a captain, and at the termination +of the war returned home, and lived on his own +farm till the breaking out of the American war. And +then, at the head of a corps of Virginia rifleman, appeared +our hero, the brave and gallant Colonel Morgan, better +known by the title of general, which he soon acquired by +his courage and ability.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw104.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 311px; height: 181px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw105.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 328px; height: 459px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 328px;'> +BLACKBIRD.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw106.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 336px; height: 201px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='BLACKBIRD' id='BLACKBIRD'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_265' name='page_265'></a>265</span> +<h2>Blackbird.</h2> +</div> + +<p>Among the first tribes of the Great Oregon Territory, +which established friendly intercourse with the United +States traders, were the Omahas. The boast of these Indians +was a chief named Blackbird, who was a steadfast friend +of the white men and the terror of the neighboring hostile +tribes. Such were his skill, courage, and success in war, +that friends and foes regarded him as enchanted. He delighted +in trials of strength or agility, in which he always +came off victorious. In addition to these qualities, he possessed +a secret which rendered him more than human in +the eyes of his barbarous followers. This was an acquaintance +with the properties of arsenic, which he had obtained +from a white trader. Whenever he was displeased with an +Indian, he prophesied his death before a certain day, and +the sure accomplishment of the prophecy rendered Blackbird +an object of terror and reverence.</p> +<p>On one occasion, the Poncas made an incursion into +Blackbird’s territory, and carried away a number of women +and horses. He immediately collected his warriors and +pursued them. The Poncas sheltered themselves behind +a rude embankment, but their persevering enemy, gaining +a good position, poured upon them a well-directed fire, +which did fearful execution. The Ponca chief dispatched +a herald, with the calumet, but he was immediately shot; +a second herald experienced the same treatment. The +chieftain’s daughter, a young maiden of much personal +beauty, then appeared before the stern foe, dressed with +exquisite taste, and bearing the calumet. Blackbird’s +heart softened, he accepted the sacred emblem, and concluded +a peace with his enemy. The pledge given and +received was the beautiful Ponca maiden, as wife to the +fierce chieftain of Omaha.</p> +<p>For the first time the heart of Blackbird felt the genial +influence of love. He loved the young creature who had +saved her tribe, with all the ardor of untutored nature. +But he was still a savage, and sometimes ungovernable +bursts of rage would transport him beyond all bounds of +affection or decency. In one of these, his beloved wife +unwittingly offended him. He instantly drew his knife +and laid her dead with a single blow. The dreadful deed +calmed him in a moment. For a little while he looked at +the beautiful corpse in stupid grief, and then, with his head +wrapped in his robe, he sat down beside it. He ate no +food, spake no word for three days. The remonstrances +of his people were received with silence, and no one dared +to uncover his face. At length one of them brought in a +small child, and placed the foot of the unhappy warrior +on its neck. Blackbird was moved by the significant appeal +and throwing aside his robe, he arose and delivered an +oration.</p> +<p>The Omaha tribe were greatly thinned by small-pox, +and to this loathsome disease their great chieftain fell a +victim. His dying request was bold and fanciful. Near +the source of the Missouri is a high solitary rock, round +which the river winds in a nearly circular direction, and +which commands a view of the adjacent country for many +miles around. There Blackbird had often sat to watch for +the canoes of the white traders, and there it was his dying +request to be buried. He was to be mounted upon his +horse, completely armed, so as to overlook his lands, and +watch for the coming boat of the white men. His orders +were obeyed; and on that same high promontory, over the +tomb of the Indian warrior was raised his national banner, +capped with the scalps which he had taken in battle. Of +course the Indians regard the rock with superstitious reverence, +and have their own stories of the scenes which +occasionally take place on and around it.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw107.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 339px; height: 314px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='A_DESPERATE_ADVENTURE' id='A_DESPERATE_ADVENTURE'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_268' name='page_268'></a>268</span> +<h2>A Desperate Adventure.</h2> +</div> + +<p>While encamped on the 24th of April, at a spring near +the Spanish Trail, we were surprised by the sudden appearance +amongst us of two Mexicans; a man and a boy. +The name of the man was Andreas Fuentas, and that of +the boy, a handsome lad of eleven years old, Pablo Hernandez. +With a cavalcade of about thirty horses, they +had come out from Puebla de los Angelos, near the Pacific; +had lost half their animals, stolen by the Indians, +and now sought my camp for aid. Carson and Godey, +two of my men, volunteered to pursue them, with the +Mexican; and, well mounted, the three set off on the +trail. In the evening, Fuentas returned, his horse having +failed; but Carson and Godey had continued the pursuit.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw108.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 352px; height: 532px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 352px;'> +KIT. CARSON.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>In the afternoon of the next day, a war-whoop was +heard, such as Indians make when returning from a victorious +enterprise; and soon Carson and Godey appeared +driving before them a band of horses, recognised by Fuentas +to be a part of those they had lost. Two bloody +scalps, dangling from the end of Godey’s gun, announced +that they had overtaken the Indians as well as the horses. +They had continued the pursuit alone after Fuentas left +them, and towards nightfall entered the mountains into +which the trail led. After sunset, the moon gave light +until late in the night, when it entered a narrow defile, +and was difficult to follow. Here they lay from midnight +till morning. At daylight they resumed the pursuit, and +at sunrise discovered the horses; and immediately dismounting +and tying up their own, they crept cautiously +to a rising ground which intervened, from the crest of +which they perceived the encampment of four lodges close +by. They proceeded quietly, and got within thirty or +forty yards of their object, when a movement among the +horses discovered them to the Indians. Giving the war +shout, they instantly charged into the camp, regardless +of the numbers which the four lodges might contain. The +Indians received them with a flight of arrows, shot from +their long bows, one of which passed through Godey’s +shirt collar, barely missing the neck. Our men fired their +rifles upon a steady aim, and rushed in. Two Indians +were stretched upon the ground, fatally pierced with +bullets; the rest fled, except a lad, who was captured. The +scalps of the fallen were instantly stripped off, but in the +process, one of them, who had two balls through his body, +sprung to his feet, the blood streaming from his skinned +head, and uttered a hideous howl. The frightful spectacle +appalled the stout hearts of our men; but they did what +humanity required, and quickly terminated the agony of +the gory savage. They were now masters of the camp, +which was a pretty little recess in the mountain, with a +fine spring, and apparently safe from all invasion. Great +preparation had been made for feasting a large party, for +it was a very proper place for a rendezvous, and for the +celebration of such orgies as robbers of the desert would +delight in. Several of the horses had been killed, skinned, +and cut up—for the Indians living in the mountains, and +only coming into the plains to rob and murder, make no +other use of horses than to eat them. Large earthen +vessels were on the fire, boiling and stewing the horse +beef, and several baskets containing fifty or sixty pair of +moccasins, indicated the presence or expectation of a large +party. They released the boy who had given strong +evidence of the stoicism, or something else of the savage +character, by commencing his breakfast upon a horse’s +head as soon as he found he was not to be killed, but only +tied as a prisoner.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw109.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 407px; height: 319px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 407px;'> +AN INDIAN CAMP.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Their object accomplished, our men gathered up all the +surviving horses, fifteen in number, returned upon their +trail, and rejoined us at our camp in the afternoon of the +same day. They had rode about one hundred miles in +the pursuit and return, and all in about thirty hours. The +time, place, object and numbers considered, this expedition +of Carson and Godey may be considered among the +boldest and most disinterested which the annals of western +adventure, so full of daring deeds, can present. Two +men in a savage wilderness, pursue day and night an unknown +body of Indians into the defiles of an unknown +mountain—attack them on sight without counting numbers—and +defeat them in an instant—and for what?—to +punish the robbers of the desert, and revenge the wrongs +of Mexicans whom they did not know. I repeat it was +Carson and Godey who did this—the former an American, +born, in Booneslick county, Missouri; the latter a Frenchman, +born in St. Louis—and both trained to western +enterprise from early life.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw110.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 197px; height: 235px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw111.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 219px; height: 264px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='ADVENTURE_OF_TWO_SCOUTS' id='ADVENTURE_OF_TWO_SCOUTS'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_276' name='page_276'></a>276</span> +<h2>Adventure of Two Scouts.</h2> +</div> + +<p>As early as the year 1790, the block-house and stockade, +above the mouth of the Hockhocking river, was a +frontier post for the hardy pioneer of that portion of the +state from the Hockhocking to the Sciota, and from the +Ohio river to the northern lakes. Then nature wore her +undisturbed livery of dark and thick forests, interspersed +with green and flowery prairies. Then the axe of the +woodman had not been heard in the wilderness, nor the +plough of the husbandmen marred the beauty of the green +prairies. Among the rich and luxuriant valleys, that of +the Hockhocking was pre-eminent for nature’s richest +gifts—and the portico of it whereon Lancaster now stands, +was marked as the most luxuriant and picturesque, and +became the seat of an Indian village, at a period so early, +that the “memory of man runneth not parallel thereto.” +On the green sward of the prairie was held many a rude +gambol of the Indians; and here, too, was many an assemblage +of the warriors of one of the most powerful +tribes, taking counsel for a “war-path,” upon some weak +or defenceless post.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw112.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 495px; height: 306px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 495px;'> +THE BLOCK-HOUSE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Upon one of these stirring occasions, intelligence +reached the little garrison above the mouth of the Hockhocking, +that the Indians were gathering in force somewhere +up the valley, for the purpose of striking a terrible +and fatal blow on one of the few and scattered defences +of the whites. A council was held by the garrison, and +scouts were sent up the Hockhocking, in order to ascertain +the strength of the foe, and the probable point of attack. +In the month of October, and on one of the balmiest days +of our Indian summer, two men could have been seen +emerging out of the thick plumb and hazel bushes skirting +the prairie, and stealthily climbing the eastern declivity +of that most remarkable promontory, now known as Mount +Pleasant, whose western summit gives a commanding view +to the eye of what is doing on the prairie. This eminence +was gained by our two adventurers and hardy scouts, and +from this point they carefully observed the movements +taking place on the prairie. Every day brought an accession +of warriors to those already assembled, and every day +the scouts witnessed from their eyrie, the horse-racing, +leaping, running and throwing the deadly tomahawk by +the warriors. The old sachems looking on with indifference—the +squaws, for the most part, engaged in their +usual drudgeries, and the papooses manifesting all the +noisy and wayward joy of childhood. The arrival of any +new party of savages was hailed by the terrible war-whoop, +which striking the mural face of Mount Pleasant, was driven +back into the various indentations of the surrounding hills, +producing reverberation on reverberation, and echo on +echo, till it seemed as if ten thousand fiends were gathered +in their orgies. Such yells might well strike terror into +the bosoms of those unaccustomed to them. To our scouts +these were but martial music strains which waked their +watchfulness, and strung their iron frames. From their +early youth had they been always on the frontier, and +therefore well practised in all the subtlety, craft, and +cunning, as well as knowing the ferocity and bloodthirsty +perseverance of the savage. They were therefore not +likely to be circumvented by the cunning of their foes; +and without a desperate struggle, would not fall victims +to the scalping-knife.</p> +<p>On several occasions, small parties of warriors left the +prairies and ascended the Mount; at which times the +scouts would hide in the fissures of the rocks, or lying by +the side of some long prostrate tree, cover themselves +with the sear and yellow leaf, and again leave their hiding +places when their uninvited visitors had disappeared.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw113.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 346px; height: 387px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 346px;'> +A SHAWANESE WARRIOR.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>For food they depended on jerked venison, and cold corn +bread, with which their knapsacks had been well stored. +Fire they dared not kindle, and the report of one of their +rifles would bring upon them the entire force of the Indians. +For drink they depended on some rain water, +which still stood in excavations of the rocks, but in a few +days this store was exhausted, and M’Clelland and White +must abandon their enterprise or find a new supply. To +accomplish this most hazardous affair, M’Clelland being +the elder, resolved to make the attempt—with his trusty +rifle in his grasp, and two canteens strung across his +shoulders, he cautiously descended to the prairie, and +skirting the hills on the north as much as possible within +the hazel thickets, he struck a course for the Hockhocking +river. He reached its margin, and turning an abrupt +point of a hill, he found a beautiful fountain of limpid +water, now known as the Cold Spring, within a few feet +of the river. He filled his canteens and returned in +safety to his watchful companion. It was now determined +to have a fresh supply of water every day, and this duty +was to be performed alternately.</p> +<p>On one of these occasions, after White had filled his +canteens, he sat a few moments, watching the limpid element, +as it came gurgling out of the bosom of the earth—the +light sound of footsteps caught his practised ear, and +upon turning round, he saw two squaws within a few feet +of him; these upon turning the jet of the hill had thus +suddenly came upon him. The elder squaw gave one of +those far-reaching whoops peculiar to the Indians. White +at once comprehended his perilous situation—for if the +alarm should reach the camp, he and his companion must +inevitably perish. Self-preservation impelled him to inflict +a noiseless death upon the squaws, and in such a +manner as to leave no trace behind. Ever rapid in +thought, and prompt in action, he sprang upon his victims +with a rapidity and power of a panther, and grasping +the throat of each, with one bound he sprang into the +river, and rapidly thrust the head of the elder woman +under the water, and making stronger efforts to submerge +the younger, who, however, powerfully resisted. During +the short struggle, the younger female addressed him in +his own language, though almost in inarticulate sounds. +Releasing his hold, she informed him, that, ten years before, +she had been made a prisoner, on Grave Creek flats, +and that the Indians, in her presence, butchered her mother +and two sisters; and that an only brother had been +captured with her, who succeeded on the second night in +making his escape; but what had become of him she +knew not.</p> +<p>During the narrative, White, unobserved by the girl, +had let go his grasp on the elder squaw, whose body soon +floated where it would not, probably soon be found. He +now directed the girl hastily to follow him, and with his +usual energy and speed, pushed for the Mount. They had +scarcely gone two hundred yards from the spring, before +the alarm cry was heard some quarter of a mile down the +stream. It was supposed that some warriors returning +from a hunt, struck the Hockhocking just as the body of +the drowned squaw floated past. White and the girl succeeded +in reaching the Mount, where M’Clelland had been +no indifferent spectator to the sudden commotion among +the Indians, as the prairie warriors were seen to strike off +in every direction, and before White and the girl had arrived, +a party of some twenty warriors had already gained +the eastern acclivity of the Mount, and were cautiously +ascending, carefully keeping under cover. Soon the two +scouts saw the swarthy faces of the foe, as they glided from +tree to tree, and rock to rock, until the whole base of the +Mount was surrounded, and all hopes of escape were cut off.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw114.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 334px; height: 419px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 334px;'> +A SHAWANESE CHIEF.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>In this peril nothing was left, other than to sell their +lives as dearly as possible; this they resolved to do, and +advised the girl to escape to the Indians, and tell them +she had been a captive to the scouts.</p> +<p>She said, “No! Death, and that in presence of my +people, is to me a thousand times sweeter than captivity—furnish +me with a rifle, and I will show you that I can +fight as well as die. This spot I leave not! here my +bones shall lie bleaching with yours! and should either +of you escape, you will carry the tidings of my death to +my remaining relatives.”</p> +<p>Remonstrance proved fruitless; the two scouts matured +their plans for a vigorous defence—opposing +craft to craft, expedient to expedient, and an unerring +fire of the deadly rifle. The attack now commenced in +front, where, from the narrow backbone of the Mount, +the savages had to advance in single file, but where they +could avail themselves of the rock and trees. In advancing +the warrior must be momentarily exposed, and two +bare inches of his swarthy form was target enough for +the unerring rifle of the scouts. After bravely maintaining +the fight in front, and keeping the enemy in check, +they discovered a new danger threatening them. The +wary foe now made every preparation to attack them in +flank, which could be most successfully and fatally done +by reaching an insulated rock lying in one of the ravines +on the southern hill side. This rock once gained +by the Indians, they could bring the scouts under point +blank shot of the rifle; and without the possibility of +escape.</p> +<p>Our brave scouts saw the hopelessness of their situation, +which nothing could avert but brave companions and +an unerring shot—them they had not. But the brave +never despair. With this certain fate resting upon them, +they had continued as calm, and as calculating, and +as unwearied as the strongest desire of vengeance on a +treacherous foe could produce. Soon M’Clelland saw a +tall and swarthy figure preparing to spring from a cover +so near the fatal rock, that a single bound must reach +it, and all hope be destroyed. He felt that all depended +on one advantageous shot, although but one inch of the +warrior’s body was exposed, and that at a distance of one +hundred yards—he resolved to risk all—coolly he raised +his rifle to his eyes, carefully shading the sight with his +hand, he drew a bead so sure, that he felt conscious it +would do—he touched the hair trigger with his finger—the +hammer came down, but in place of striking fire, it +crushed his flint into a hundred fragments! Although he +felt that the savage must reach the fatal rock before he +could adjust another flint, he proceeded to the task with +the utmost composure, casting many a furtive glance +towards the fearful point. Suddenly he saw the warrior +stretching every muscle for the leap—and with the agility +of a deer he made the spring—instead of reaching the rock +he sprung ten feet in the air, and giving one terrific yell +he fell upon the earth, and his dark corpse rolled fifty feet +down the hill. He had evidently received a death shot +from some unknown hand. A hundred voices from below +re-echoed the terrible shout, and it was evident that they +had lost a favorite warrior, as well as been foiled for a time +in their most important movement. A very few moments +proved that the advantage so mysteriously gained would +be of short duration; for already the scouts caught a momentary +glimpse of a swarthy warrior, cautiously advancing +towards the cover so recently occupied by a fellow companion. +Now, too, the attack in front was resumed with +increased fury, so as to require the incessant fire of both +scouts, to prevent the Indians from gaining the eminence—and +in a short time M’Clelland saw the wary warrior turning +a somerset, his corpse rolled down towards his companion: +again a mysterious agent had interposed in their +behalf. This second sacrifice cast dismay into the ranks +of the assailants; and just as the sun was disappearing +behind the western hills, the foe withdrew a short distance, +for the purpose of devising new modes of attack. The respite +came most seasonably to the scouts, who had bravely +kept their position, and boldly maintained the unequal +fight from the middle of the day.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw115.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 337px; height: 487px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 337px;'> +THE SCOUT.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>Now, for the first time, was the girl missing, and the +scouts supposed through terror she had escaped to her +former captors, or that she had been killed during the +fight. They were not long left to doubt, for in a few +moments the girl was seen emerging from behind a rock +and coming to them with a rifle in her hand.</p> +<p>During the heat of the fight she saw a warrior fall, who +had advanced some fifty yards before the main body in +front. She at once resolved to possess herself of his rifle, +and crouching in undergrowth she crept to the spot, and +succeeded in her enterprise, being all the time exposed to +the cross fire of the defenders and assailants—her practised +eye had early noticed the fatal rock, and hers was +the mysterious hand by which the two warriors had fallen—the +last being the most wary, untiring, and bloodthirsty +brave of the Shawnese tribe. He it was, who ten years +previous had scalped the family of the girl, and been her +captor.</p> +<p>In the west, dark clouds were now gathering, and in +an hour the whole heavens were shrouded in them; this +darkness greatly embarrassed the scouts in their contemplated +night retreat, for they might readily lose their +way, or accidentally fall on the enemy—this being highly +probable, if not inevitable. An hour’s consultation decided +their plans, and it was agreed that the girl, from +her intimate knowledge of their localities, should lead the +advance a few steps. Another advantage might be gained +by this arrangement, for in case they should fall in with +some out-post, the girl’s knowledge of the Indian tongue, +would, perhaps, enable her to deceive the sentinel: and +so the sequel proved, for scarcely had they descended one +hundred feet, when a low “whist” from the girl, warned +them of present danger.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw116.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 320px; height: 440px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 320px;'> +THE RETURNED CAPTIVE.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<p>The scouts sunk silently to the earth, where, by previous +agreement, they were to remain till another signal +was given them by the girl,—whose absence for more +than a quarter of an hour now began to excite the most +serious apprehensions. At length, she again appeared, +and told them that she had succeeded in removing two +sentinels who were directly in their route to a point some +hundred feet distant. The descent was noiselessly resumed—the +level gained, and the scouts followed their +intrepid pioneer for half a mile in the most profound +silence, when the barking of a small dog, within a few +feet, apprised them of a new danger. The almost simultaneous +click of the scouts’ rifles was heard by the girl, +who rapidly approached them, and stated that they were +now in the midst of the Indian wigwams, and their lives +depended on the most profound silence, and implicitly +following her footsteps. A moment afterwards, the +girl was accosted by a squaw, from an opening in the +wigwam. She replied in the Indian language, and without +stopping pressed forward.</p> +<p>In a short time she stopped and assured the scouts +that the village was cleared and that they were now in +safety. She knew that every pass leading out of the +prairie was safely guarded by Indians, and at once resolved +to adopt the bold adventure of passing through +the very centre of their village as the least hazardous. +The result proved the correctness of her judgment.</p> +<p>They now kept a course for the Ohio, being guided by +the Hockhocking river—and after three days’ march and +suffering, the party arrived at the block-house in safety.</p> +<p>Their escape from the Indians, prevented the contemplated +attack; and the rescued girl proved to be the sister +of the intrepid Neil Washburn, celebrated in Indian warfare +as the renowned scout to Captain Kenton’s bloody +Kentuckians.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw117.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 331px; height: 306px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw118.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 311px; height: 254px;' /><br /> +<p class='caption' style='margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;width: 311px;'> +THE YOUNG HERO CROSSING THE RIVER.<br /> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class='silver' /> + +<div class='figcenter'> +<img src='images/hhw119.jpg' alt='' title='' style='width: 209px; height: 278px;' /><br /> +</div> + +<div style='margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em'> +<a name='A_YOUNG_HERO_OF_THE_WEST' id='A_YOUNG_HERO_OF_THE_WEST'></a> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_299' name='page_299'></a>299</span> +<h2>A Young Hero of the West.</h2> +</div> + +<p>To show of what material the boys were made, in the +great heroic age of the west, we give the following, which +we find in a recent communication from Major Nye, of +Ohio. The scene of adventure was within the present +limits of Wood county, Virginia.</p> +<p>I have heard from Mr. Guthrie and others, that at Bellville +a man had a son, quite a youth, say twelve or fourteen +years of age, who had been used to firing his father’s +gun, as most boys did in those days. He heard, he supposed, +turkeys on or near the bank of the Ohio, opposite +that place, and asked his father to let him take his gun +and kill one. His father knowing that the Indians often +decoyed people by such noises, refused, saying it was +probably an Indian. When he had gone to work, the +boy took the gun and paddled his canoe over the river, +but had the precaution to land some distance from where +he had heard the turkey all the morning, probably from +fear of scaring the game, and perhaps a little afraid of +Indians. The banks were steep, and the boy cautiously +advanced to where he could see without being seen. +Watching awhile for his game, he happened to see an +Indian cautiously looking over a log, to notice where the +boy had landed. The lad fixed his gun at rest, watching +the place where he had seen the Indian’s head, and when +it appeared again, fired, and the Indian disappeared. +The boy dropped the gun and ran for his canoe, which he +paddled over the river as soon as possible. When he +reached home, he said, “Mother, I have killed an Indian!” +and the mother replied, “No, you have not.” +“Yes, I have,” said the boy. The father coming in, he +made the same report to him, and received the same reply; +but he constantly affirmed it was even so; and, as +the gun was left, a party took the boy over the river to +find it, and show the place where he shot the Indian, and +behold, his words were found verified. The ball had entered +the head, where the boy had affirmed he shot, +between the eye and ear.</p> +<div class='ce'> +<p style=' margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:1em;'>THE END.</p> +</div> + +<!-- generated by ppgen.rb version: 2.30 --> +<!-- timestamp: Sun Oct 19 01:40:04 -0400 2008 --> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Heroes and Hunters of the West, by Anonymous + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEROES AND HUNTERS OF THE WEST *** + +***** This file should be named 26965-h.htm or 26965-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/9/6/26965/ + +Produced by Roger Frank and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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