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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:35:23 -0700 |
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} + + </style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's Buchanan's Journal of Man, July 1887, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Buchanan's Journal of Man, July 1887 + Volume 1, Number 6 + +Author: Various + +Editor: J. R. Buchanan + +Release Date: December 19, 2008 [EBook #27570] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF MAN, JULY 1887 *** + + + + +Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<div id="masthead"> + <h1 class="issue_title"><a class="pagenum" id="page1" title="1"></a><span class="proprietor">BUCHANAN’S</span><br /> + JOURNAL OF MAN.</h1> + <div id="mastdate"> + <p id="leftmast"><abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> <abbr title="One">I.</abbr></p> + <p id="centermast">JULY, 1887.</p> + <p id="rightmast"><abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 6.</p> + </div> +</div><!--Masthead--> + +<div id="contents"> + <h2 class="title">CONTENTS.</h2> + <ul> + <li><a href="#art1">Magnetic Education and Therapeutics</a></li> + <li><a href="#art2">The So-Called Scientific Immortality</a></li> + <li><a href="#art3">Review of the New Education</a></li> + <li><a href="#art4">Victoria’s Half Century</a></li> + <li><a href="#art5">Outlook of Diogenes</a></li> + <li><a href="#art6">A Bill to Destroy the Indians</a></li> + <li><a href="#art7"><strong class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</strong></a>—<a href="#misc1">The Seybert Commission</a>; + <a href="#misc2">The Evils that need Attention</a>; + <a href="#misc3">Condensed Items</a>—<a href="#condensed1">Mesmerism in + Paris</a>—<a href="#condensed2">Medical + Freedom</a>—<a href="#condensed3">Victoria’s + Jubilee</a>—<a href="#condensed4">Delightful Homes</a> + </li> + <li><a href="#art8">Outlines of Anthropology Continued—Cranioscopy—Illustrated</a></li> + <li><a href="#business">Business Department</a></li> + </ul> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art1" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">Magnetic Education and Therapeutics.</h2> + + <p class="subtitle">EXTRACTS FROM AN ESSAY BY DR. CHARLES DU PREL, IN + SPHINX, TRANSLATED FOR THE JOURNAL OF MAN.</p> + <blockquote> + <p>“<span class="first_word">In</span> the <cite>Wiener Allgemeiner</cite> I spoke of the possibility of moral + education by means of magnetism, which has been carried out.” * * *</p> + + <p>“Dr. Bernheim, a Professor of the Medical Faculty in Nancy who + is a champion of hypnotism has written a book on ‘Suggestion and + its Application in Therapeutics,’ in which a great many hypnotic + cures are recorded.”</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p>“Dr. —— quotes Franklin against magnetism but Sprengel in his + Pharmacology says ‘Franklin, sickly as he was, took no part whatever + in the investigation.’ The Academy again investigated + (1825-31) somnambulism, discovered by Puysegur, Mesmer’s + scholar. In their report of two year’s investigation, eleven M. D.’s + unanimously pronounced in favor of all important phenomena + ascribed to somnambulism. A fairly complete synopsis of their + report will be found in my ‘Philosophy of Mystics.’”</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p>“Du Potet first studied medicine, but disgusted by the poor results + of Pharmacology he embraced magnetism. He performed a series + of mesmeric experiments in the Hotel Dieu of so potent a nature + that twenty M. D.’s of that celebrated hospital signed the minutes of + these proceedings. People ran after Du Potet, pointing at him and + crying ‘The man who cures.’”</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p>“The respect for medical therapeutics never has been at as low an + ebb as just now. The public cannot be blamed for this lack of + respect, for they have daily experiences of the ill results + of medicine. Even high medical authorities are of the opinion that + we have to-day a disintegration of medical principles worse than ever. + More uncertain than therapeutics is the manner of diagnosing to-day! + The public is well aware that each doctor has something + different to say or prescribe. I have a personal case in point. During + eighteen months I consulted seven different doctors, and got seven + different contrary diagnoses as well as contradictory modes of treatment, + and this, too, in the city of Munich, which is hardly secondary + to any other city for its medical talent. Is there any cause to blame + the public for running to the magnetizers? I should do so myself if + <a class="pagenum" id="page2" title="2"> </a>my magnetic susceptibility was greater. In such magnetizers as even + Mesmer, Dr. B. can see nothing but charlatans, but I desire to make + him aware that a physician whose reputation he is cognizant of, Prof. + Nussbaum in Munich, said to his audience in College, ‘Gentlemen, + magnetism is the medicine of the future.’ As I am writing this I + have been disturbed by a visitor desiring the address of a reliable + magnetizer, as the physician recommended a magnetizer, as he was at + his wits end.”</p> + + <p>“In our medicine the adjunct sciences alone are scientific, and we + must respect their high grade; but therapeutics we have none. + Hence Mesmer should be called a benefactor to mankind, for he has + pointed out the correct way. He, with Hippocrates, says that not + the physician but nature cures—that the real therapeutics consists + only in aiding the <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">vis medicatrix naturæ</em>. In this direction the professors + at Nancy and Paris are laboring. They have given the experimental + proof that <em>if the idea of an organic change of the body is + instilled into the mind of the hypnotized, then such change will take + place</em>. In this we have a foundation for a <strong class="small_all_caps">PSYCHIC THERAPEUTICS</strong> + which we hope will soon put an end to the anarchic condition of + medicine of the present day. But the greatest curse to science of + old, and which makes its appearance even to-day, is that <em>the old ideas + are the greatest enemies of the new</em>.”</p> + + <p>“Unfortunately it is the same in the thought realm as in lifeless + nature, <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">vis inertiæ</em>—the law of indolence, according to which nature + remains in its condition to all eternity, until she is forced into + some new condition from a new cause. This <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">vis inertiæ</em> is harder + to conquer in the thought realm than in lifeless nature, for Mesmer + appeared a hundred years ago, and yet to-day they call him “a perfect + charlatan.” Braid, thirty years ago, started hypnotism, but only + after Hansen made a multitude of experiments for profit and pleasure + in the largest cities of Germany, did the physicians wake up to the + idea of investigating it. They teach nothing of mesmerism or hypnotism + at the universities. Yes, even one year ago a professor of + medicine confessed to me, should I pronounce the word somnambulism + I’d be ruined. This is the manner in which ideas are + kept from medical students.”</p> + + <p>“If medicine, in its results, could look with pride on its therapeutics, + it might be explained. But a therapeutics that allows thousands + of children to sink yearly into untimely graves from all + manner of diseases, that allows a large proportion of grown persons + to be decimated yearly by epidemics, that in its psychiatry is perfectly + impotent to stop the rapid increase of insanity, that notoriously + cannot cure a migraine, a cold, yea, not even a corn,—such a + system ought surely to have some modesty, and be only too glad to + accept improvements that tend to ameliorate this condition.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <h3>CONDITION OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.</h3> + + <p>These remarks of Dr. Du Prel, though somewhat exaggerated, are + probably based on truth in their reference to the backward condition + of the medical profession in Europe, and of all that portion in + <a class="pagenum" id="page3" title="3"> </a>America which is essentially European, and governed by European + authority. But the healing art in America has been to a great + extent emancipated by the spirit of American liberty, and in its + actual results among liberal physicians is far in advance of the + European system. One signal proof of this was given at Cincinnati + in 1849, when that city was visited by a terrible epidemic of Asiatic + cholera, which swept off five thousand of its inhabitants. The + mortality of cholera under old school practise had been from twenty-five + to sixty per cent., the latter having been realized in hospitals at + Paris. Under the practice taught in our college at that time, the + mortality in 1,500 cases did not exceed six per cent.</p> + + <p>The atmosphere of freedom in this country, and the absolute medical + freedom (until within a few years the colleges have procured medical + legislation to help their diplomas, and their graduates) have given + a progressiveness and practicality to American physicians which are + beginning to be recognized abroad.</p> + + <p>Dr. Lawson Tait is eminent in the treatment of women in England. + In the <cite>Medical Current</cite> of April 20th, he is quoted as expressing + a regret that his time and money had not been directed to the + Western instead of the Eastern Hemisphere, when picking up his + medical knowledge. He predicted that ‘ere long it will be to the + medical colleges of America rather than to those of Europe that + students will travel.’ Then he goes on to say:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“American visitors abroad who have given weeks and months to + see me work, have one and all impressed me with their possession of + that feature of mind which in England I fear we do not possess, the + power of judging any question solely upon its merits, and entirely + apart from any prejudice, tradition, or personal bias. No matter how + we may struggle against it, tradition rules all we do; we cannot + throw off its shackles, and I am bound to plead guilty to this weakness + myself, perhaps as fully as any of my countrymen may be compelled + to do. I may have thrown off the shackles in some instances, + but I know that I am firmly bound in others, and my hope is that my + visit to a freer country and a better climate may extend my mental + vision.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <h3>POWER OF MAGNETISM AND SUGGESTION.</h3> + + <p>The suggestion of Du Prel as to the hypnotic teaching in France, + that an idea impressed on the mind of the hypnotized will be realized + in the body is the basis of a great deal of therapeutic philosophy. It + is true in practice just to the extent of human impressibility. A + cheerful physician or friend, by encouraging words impresses the idea + of recovery and thus sometimes produces it. Judicious friends never + speak in a discouraging manner to the invalid. The success of mind + cure practitioners is based on this principle. They endeavor to impress + on the patient’s mind the idea of perfect health, but they know + too little of the whole subject to know how to place the patient + in that passive and receptive condition in which the results are + most promptly and certainly produced.</p> + + <p>Such methods are limited in their effect in proportion to human + impressibility and cannot possibly supersede all use of remedies which + <a class="pagenum" id="page4" title="4"> </a>reach thousands of cases in which mental operations would be entirely + futile. But the power of animal magnetism over all diseases and + infirmities of mind and body has been so often demonstrated that its + neglect is a deep disgrace to the medical colleges. A correspondent + of the <cite>Daily Telegraph</cite> gives the following illustration of its power + over drunkenness:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“About eighteen months ago I was conversing with my friend B., + who is an enthusiastic believer in mesmerism, and has repute as an + amateur practitioner. My contention was that his favorite + science (?) had contributed absolutely nothing to the world’s good to + cause its recognition by either scientists or philosophers. ‘Can you + give me,’ said I, ‘one instance in which you have conferred an + actual benefit by the practice of your favorite art?’ He related + several, from which I selected the following:—‘There lives by my + parsonage,’ said my friend B., ‘a man who for many years, had + been a confirmed drunkard. Repeatedly were his wife and children + forced to flee from him, for when in his drunken frenzies, he + attempted to murder them. Again and again have I striven to induce + him to flee from his horrible vice, but my efforts were always + futile. One day he called to see me when he was suffering acutely + from the effects of drink. I resolved to place him under mesmeric + influence. This I did, and while subject to me made him promise + not to touch strong drink again, and if he attempted to break his + pledge, might the drink taste to him filthy as putrid soapsuds. I + then restored him to his normal state, and he left me. He kept his + unconsciously given promise. In the course of a couple of years + this man raised himself from a condition of poverty to the comfortable + position of a thriving market gardener. ‘Not a fortnight + since,’ resumed my friend, ‘my neighbor’s wife laughingly said to + me, ‘There is no fear of my husband ever drinking again, sir. You + know he has to be in the market very early in the morning with his + vegetables. Yesterday morning, while he was drinking a cup of + coffee at the hotel an old mate said to him, ‘Why don’t you drink + some spirits; are you afraid?’ To show his mate that he was not + afraid, he ordered a glass of brandy, but no sooner did he put it in + his mouth than he spat it out again, saying the ‘filthy stuff tasted + like rotten soapsuds.’ My friend B. said, that, till he told me, to + no one had he mentioned the fact, and that what he did to his poor + neighbor he did in order to see if it were possible to use mesmerism + as a remedial agent in cases of drunkenness.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The power of control over the impressible condition (which is so + easily developed into hypnotism) has been recently illustrated in + France, and reports of the phenomena published in the <cite>London News</cite>, + concerning which Mr. Charles Dawbarn has published the following + in the <cite>Banner of Light</cite>:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“According to the reports published in the <cite>Daily News</cite> of London, + Eng., an attempt has been made by physicians in Paris, France, to + determine the duration of an hypnotic influence. Some of my readers + may not be aware that ‘hypnotism’ is a word coined by the + medical faculty to replace the term ‘mesmerism,’ which they consider + <a class="pagenum" id="page5" title="5"> </a>disreputably associated with spiritualism. These physicians + seem to have had some very fine sensitives upon whom to operate. + The first experiment was upon a lady of some means, but having a + mother and sister dependent upon her for support. The hypnotizer + first established his influence in the usual manner, and then told the + lady he wished her to go to a lawyer the next day, and make her will + in his favor. She protested, but finally gave way. All memory of + this promise seemed to be lost as soon as she returned to her normal + condition. But next day she went to a lawyer, and although he + begged her to remember her mother and sister, the will was made + just as suggested by the physician. She was an affectionate daughter + and told the lawyer she was impelled to leave her property to a + stranger by <em>an influence which she could not resist</em>.</p> + + <p>“A second experiment with another sensitive was then tried. This + time the poor girl promised to poison a friend next day, she carried + away with her a dose prepared by the doctor. Not knowing why, + and like the other sensitive, <em>under an influence she could not resist</em>, + she gave her friend the harmless drug in a glass of milk, and thus + enacted the part of a murderer.</p> + + <p>“These experiments have the novelty of having been made by the + regular faculty; but thousands of Spiritualists have proved the truth + of an hypnotic influence lasting long after the apparent release of the + sensitive. We know, or ought to know, that the hypnotic condition + can be induced without visible passes; and many of us have seen a + sensitive under influence sitting quietly, showing no sign of her + slavery to the will of another. We may go yet a step further and + assert that men and women, visible and invisible, are constantly psychologizing + each other, although we only use the term “sensitive” + when the effect is visible to our dull senses.</p> + + <p>“But Spiritualists as a whole have been converted by the phenomena + appealing to their outward senses, and know little and care little + for effects that can only be traced by shrewd, careful and scientific + experiment. Yet such facts as come to the surface in those experiments + with sensitives in France, are keys with which to unlock some + of life’s darkest mysteries, and expose the harsh treatment of many + mediums.</p> + + <p>“Many of us have been greatly troubled by the conduct of our + mediums, and often puzzled by their careful prepared attempts at + fraud. Mediums we have met and loved, because they have given + us proof after proof of the ‘gates ajar’ for angel visitors, have been + presently detected in frauds that required days of careful preparation. + We have cried, ‘Down with the frauds!’ and insisted that they + should return to wash-tub and spade for an honest living.</p> + + <p>“We have omitted to keep in view that one who is a medium Mondays, + Wednesdays and Fridays must also be a medium Tuesdays, + Thursdays and Saturdays, and we have neglected to learn the lessons + of our own experience. I was talking recently to a gentleman of + prominence, twice sheriff of his county, who was narrating with glee + how he had mesmerised a young man, and then told him, ‘At noon + to-morrow you will be lame, and it will last two hours.’ Of course it + <a class="pagenum" id="page6" title="6"> </a>happened much to the poor fellows perplexity, but my friend would + have been surprised to discover that therein was the entire case of + the French sensitives and of our poor mediums.</p> + + <p>“A very important thought is that an hypnotic influence need not + spring from any verbal expression. We all carry with us an + influence which strikes every sensitive we meet; and if we sit with + her when she is, of course, specially passive, she must receive a yet + more marked influence. There is a photographic curiosity now often + exhibited which, I think, illustrates the thought I want to emphasize. + A family or a class can be photographed, one by one, at exactly the + same focus and on the same negative, with a result that you have a + clear and distinct face, not of any one’s personality, but that actually + combines the features of the whole into a new individual unlike any + of the sitters.”</p> + + <p>“This is the very influence we cast upon a sensitive when she sits + for us in a miscellaneous circle. We cannot say that any one of us + has powerfully affected her, but we know the entire influence has got + control and possession, and that influence follows her, too often with + irresistible power.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The publication of a work on animal magnetism by Binet and + Féré of Paris prompts the following sketch of the subject by the + <cite>Boston Herald</cite>, a newspaper which pays great attention to anything + foreign or anything from the old school profession, but ignores that + which is American and original. The reader will observe that + the writers are all in the dark, unable to explain the phenomena + they describe.</p> + + <h3>PROGRESS OF MAGNETISM.</h3> + + <p>One of the most notable features of the scientific tendencies of the + present day is the extraordinary interest taken in the investigation of + those peculiar physical and psychical conditions attending the states + now known collectively under the name of hypnotism, varying from + lethargy, catalepsy, etc., to somnambulism. Until quite recently these + investigations have been frowned upon and tabooed in scientific + circles, and the fact that any man of scientific inclinations was + known to feel an interest in matters associated with “mesmerism” + or “animal magnetism” was sufficient to make him an object of suspicion, + and injure his good standing amongst his fellow-scientists. + The result of the so-called investigations long ago instituted by the + French Academy, pronouncing in effect the whole subject a humbug + and delusion, has lain like an interdict upon further researches, and + the whole matter was left over, for the most part, to charlatans or to + persons hardly capable of forming sound judgments or proceeding + according to the accurate methods demanded by modern + science. Science, however, in the remarkable progress attained of + late, has advanced so far upon certain lines that it has been hardly + possible to proceed further in those directions without entering upon + the forbidden field. Therefore, the old signboards against trespassing + have been taken down. For “mesmerism,” that verbal scarecrow, + has been substituted “hypnotism,” which word has had a wonderfully + <a class="pagenum" id="page7" title="7"> </a>legitimatizing effect; while “animal magnetism,” that once + flouted idea, has been proven to be an existent fact by methods as + accurate as those adopted by Faraday or Edison to verify their observations.</p> + + <h3>EFFORTS OF SCIENTISTS.</h3> + + <p>Many of the most eminent scientists of Europe are now devoting + themselves assiduously to these researches. Periodicals making a + specialty of the subject are now published in France, Germany, and + England. A catalogue of the recent literature of hypnotism and related + phenomena, compiled by Max Dessoir, was printed in the number + of the German magazine called the <cite>Sphinx</cite> for February of + this year, and this catalogue occupied nine pages. The list is limited + to those works written on the lines laid under the methods of the + modern school, all books being excluded whose authors hold to + “mesmeric” theories, or who are even professional magnetizers. The + catalogue is, therefore, as strictly scientific as possible, and, being + classified with German thoroughness under the different branches of + the subject, such as “hystero-hypnotism,” “suggestion,” “fascination,” + etc., it will prove a valuable assistance to the student.</p> + + <p>In this country the interest of scientists has not yet been aroused + to an extent comparable with that of European investigators. Old + prejudices have not entirely lost their potency. One of the most + eminent professors of a leading university is said to have been subjected + to ridicule from his colleagues because of a marked interest + shown in the subject, and a Boston physician of high standing + within a few months confided to the writer that he had made use of + hypnotic methods, with gratifying success, in the case of a patient + where ordinary remedies had proven unavailing, but he did not venture + to make the results public, since his fellow doctors might be inclined + to condemn his action as “irregular.”</p> + + <p>A work embracing the whole subject has lately appeared in Paris, + and, as it is to form a volume of the valuable International Scientific + series, published in English, French, German, and Italian, it can + hardly fail to diffuse a correct popular understanding of the results + thus far attained. The book is called “Le Magnetism Animal” + (Animal Magnetism), and its authors are Messrs. Alfred Binet and + Charles Féré of the medical staff of the Salpètrière Hospital for + Nervous Disorders in Paris. It gives a history of the patient researches + conducted at that institution by the medical staff under the + celebrated Prof. Charcot during the past nine years. These experiments + have been prosecuted according to the most exact scientific + methods, and with the most extreme caution. The endeavor has + been to obtain, first of all, the most elementary psychic phenomena, + and to test every step in the investigations by separate experiment, + specially devised to prove the good faith of the subject and the reality + of his hallucination, to eliminate the possibility of unconscious + suggestion, to establish relations with similar phenomena of disease + or health in the domain of physiology and psychology, and to note + the modifications which can be brought about by altering the conditions + of the experiments. The authors possess the great scientific + <a class="pagenum" id="page8" title="8"> </a>virtue of never dogmatising. In the entire book not a single law is + laid down, not a single hypothesis is advanced, which is not reached + by the most approved inductive processes. A great service of the + book lies in its enunciation of new and trustworthy methods for + studying the physiology of the brain in health and disease, while it + brings into the realm of physical experiment vexed questions of + psychology heretofore given over to metaphysical methods exclusively.</p> + + <h3>THE HYPNOTIC SLEEP</h3> + + <p>Is described as a different form of natural sleep, and all the causes + which bring on fatigue are capable of bringing on hypnotism in + suitable subjects. Two of the leading hypnotic states are lethargy + and catalepsy, the former being analogous to deep sleep, and the + latter to a light slumber. In lethargy the respiratory movements are + slow and deep; in catalepsy slight, shallow, very slow, and separated + by a long interval. In lethargy the application of a magnet over + the region of the stomach causes profound modifications in the + breathing and circulation, while there is no such effect in catalepsy. + This shows the connection of hypnotism with magnetism, and various + other experiments with magnets have produced some remarkable + results. Here it may be added that Dr. Gessmann, a Vienna scientist + who has made a specialty of hypnotic studies, has invented and + successfully applied an instrument called a hypnoscope, consisting of + an arrangement of magnets for the purpose of ascertaining whether + any person is a good hypnotic subject.</p> + + <p>The experiments demonstrate that sensation in the hypnotic states + varies between the two opposite poles of hyperæsthesia and anæesthesia; + in other words, the senses may be extraordinarily exalted, as in + somnambulism, or, as in lethargy, they may be extinct, except sometimes + hearing. In somnambulism the field of vision and acuteness + of sight are about doubled, hearing is made very acute, and smell is + so intensely developed that a subject can find by scent the fragment + of a card, previously given him to feel, and then torn up and hidden. + The memory in somnambulism is similarly exalted. When awakened + the subject does not, as a rule, remember anything that occurred + while he was entranced, but, when again hypnotized, his memory + includes all the facts of his sleep, his life when awake and his former + sleeps. Richet attests how somnambules recall with a luxury of + detail scenes in which they have taken part and places they have + visited long ago. M——, one of his somnambules, sings the air of the + second act of the opera “L’Africaine” when she is asleep, but can + not remember a note of it when awake.</p> + + <p>There is a theory that no experience whatever of any person is + lost to the memory; it is only the power to recall it that is defective. + The authors of this work say that, while the exaltation of the + memory during somnambulism does not give absolute proof to the + theory that nothing is lost, it proves at any rate that the memory of + preservation is much greater than is generally imagined, in comparison + with the memory of reproduction, or recollection. “It is evident,” + they say, “that in a great number of cases, where we believe + <a class="pagenum" id="page9" title="9"> </a>the memory is completely blotted out, it is nothing of the kind. + The trace is always there, but what is lacking is the power to evoke + it; and it is highly probable that if we were subjected to hypnotism, + or the action of suitable excitants, memories to all appearance dead + might be revived.”</p> + + <p>A comparison between the phenomena of awakening from natural + and artificial sleep is instituted. In the case of dreams, recollection + more or less vivid persists for a few seconds, then becomes effaced. + This forgetfulness is even more marked in the case of hypnosis. On + returning to natural consciousness, the subject cannot recompose a + single one of the scenes in which he has played his part as witness + or actor. The loss, however, is not complete, for often a word or + two is sufficient to bring back a whole scene, though this word or + two coming from operator to subject, partakes more or less of the + nature of a suggestion.</p> + + <h3>SUGGESTION.</h3> + + <p>“Suggestion,” by which is meant the production of thoughts and + actions on the part of the subject through some indication or hint + given by the operator, is found to be analogous to dreaming. Say + the authors: “For suggestion to succeed, the subject must have + naturally fallen, or been artificially thrown into a state of morbid + receptivity: but it is difficult to determine accurately the conditions + of suggestionability. However, we may mention two. The first, + the mental inertia of the subject: * * * the consciousness is + completely empty: an idea is suggested, and reigns supreme over + the slumbering consciousness, * * * The second is psychic + hyperexcitability, the cause of the aptitude for suggestion.” “For + example, we say to a patient: ‘Look, you have a bird in your apron,’ + and no sooner are these simple words pronounced than she sees the + bird, feels it with her fingers, and sometimes even hears it sing.” + “Again, in place of speech we engage the attention of the patient, + and when her gaze has become settled and obediently follows all our + movements, we imitate with the hand the motion of an object which + flies. Soon the subject cries: ‘Oh, what a pretty bird!’ How has a + simple gesture produced so singular an effect?”</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“It is admitted, however, that the hypothesis of the association + of ideas only partly covers the facts of suggestion, even when + stretched to include resemblances. For instance, when we + charge the brain of an entranced patient with some strange idea, + such as, ‘On awakening you will rob Mr. So-and-so of his handkerchief,’ + and on awakening, the patient accomplishes the theft commanded, + can we believe that in such a sequence there is nothing + more than an image associated with an act? In point of fact, the + patient has appropriated and assimilated the idea of the experimenter. + She does not passively execute a strange order, but the order + has passed in her consciousness from passive to active. We can go + so far as to say that the patient has the will to steal. This state is + complex and obscure, hitherto no one has explained it. * * * + The facts of paralysis by suggestion completely upset classical + psychology. The experimenter who produces them so easily + <a class="pagenum" id="page10" title="10"> </a>knows neither what he produces nor how he does it. Take + the example of a systematic anæsthesia (paralysis of sensation). + We say to the subject, ‘On awakening you will not see Mr. X., who + is there before us; he will have completely disappeared.’ No + sooner said than done; the patient on awakening sees every one + around her except Mr. X. When he speaks she does not answer + his questions; if he places his hand on her shoulder she does not + feel the contact; if he gets in her way, she walks straight on, and is + terrified at being stopped by an invisible obstacle. * * * Here + the laws of association, which do such good service in solving + psychological problems, abandon us completely. Apparently they + do not account for all the facts of consciousness.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <h3>PORTRAITS BY HALLUCINATION.</h3> + + <p>A remarkable and suggestive series of experiments performed + with portraits by hallucination is given in the book. These experiments + show, that if by suggestion a subject is made to see a portrait + on a sheet of card board which is exactly alike on both sides, the + image will always be seen on the same side, and, however it is presented, + the subject will always place the card with the surfaces and + edges in the exact positions they occupied at the moment of suggestion, + in such a manner that the image can neither be reversed nor + inclined. If the surfaces are reversed, the image is no longer seen; + if the edges, it is seen upside down. The subject is never caught + in a mistake; the changes may be made out of his sight, but the + image is invariably seen in accordance with the primitive conditions, + although absolutely no difference is to be detected by the + normal vision between the two blank surfaces.</p> + + <p>One experiment brings out this fact clearly. On a white sheet of + paper is placed a card equally white; with a fine point, but without + touching the paper, the contour of the card is followed while the + idea of a line traced in black is suggested to the subject. The subject, + when awakened, is asked to fold the paper according to these + imaginary lines. He holds the paper at the distance at which it was + at the moment of suggestion, and folds it in the form of a rectangle + exactly superposable on the card.</p> + + <p>A curious experiment in the same line has been often repeated by + Prof. Charcot. The subject is given the suggestion of a portrait on + a white card, which is then shuffled up with a dozen cards all alike. + On awakening, the subject is asked to run over the collection, without + being told the reason why it is wished. When he comes to the card + on which had been located the imaginary portrait, he at once perceives + it. One detail of these experiments is very significant. Supposing + we show the imaginary portrait at a distance of two yards + from the subject’s eyes, the card appears white, whereas a real photograph + would appear gray. If it is gradually brought nearer, the + imaginary portrait at last appears, but it is necessary for it to be + much nearer than an ordinary photograph for the patient to recognize + the subject. By means of opera glasses we can make the + patient recognize her hallucination at a distance at which she could + <a class="pagenum" id="page11" title="11"> </a>not perceive it with the naked eye. In short, the imaginary object + which figures in the hallucination is perceived under the same conditions + as if it were real. Various other experiments are detailed in + support of this formula. The opera glasses only act as if they were + focussed upon the point of hallucination, and in the case of a short-sighted + subject they had to be altered to allow for the defect of vision. + If the patient looks through a prism the image is seen duplicated, although + the subject is absolutely ignorant of the properties of a prism, + as well as of the fact that the glass is a prism. A photograph of the + plain white card used when the photograph was suggested may be + substituted, and on being shown to the patient, the hallucinatory + image is seen just the same, even two years after the original + experiment, as was done in one case.</p> + + <p>Some strange phenomena of polarity are related. The following + experiments by MM. Binet and Féré are given in illustration: “We + give a patient in somnambulism the common hallucination of a bird + poised on her finger. While she is caressing the imaginary bird she + is awakened and a magnet is brought near her head. After a few + minutes she stops short, raises her eyes and looks about in astonishment. + The bird which was on her finger has disappeared. She looks + all over the ward and at last finds it, for we hear her say, ‘So you + thought you would leave me, little bird.’ After a few minutes the + bird again disappears anew, but almost immediately reappears. The + patient complains from time to time of a pain in the head at a point + corresponding to what has been described in this book as the visual + centre (some distance above and slightly posterior to the ear).” The + magnet also has the same effect in suspending the real perception. + One of the patients was shown a Chinese gong and striker, and took + fright on sight of the instrument. When a blow was struck she instantly + fell into catalepsy. She was reawakened, and asked to look + attentively at the gong; meanwhile, without her knowledge, a small + magnet was brought near her head. After a minute the instrument + had completely disappeared from her sight. When it was struck with + redoubled force, she only looked from side to side with an air of + slight astonishment.</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p>The mysteries which puzzle these writers are made plain by anthropology, + and I have been presenting the explanation for over forty + years to my pupils. The sensibility to hypnotic phenomena is due to + the anterior portion of the middle lobe of the brain—to the portion + which is developed one inch behind the external angle of the eye, + by exciting which we bring on the somnolent condition. The predominance + of this region renders the person liable to the mesmeric + phenomena.</p> + + <p>The hypnoscope proposed is quite unnecessary. The proper test of + magnetic susceptibility is either to excite the organ of somnolence + and observe if the eyes are disposed to close, or to pass your fingers + over the outstretched hand of the subject, within one or two inches, + and observe if he feels any impression. A distinct feeling of coolness + is sufficient proof of magnetic susceptibility.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page12" title="12"> </a>Let those who wish to investigate the subject begin in accordance + with true science by testing the sensitiveness of the hand. If + sensitive, let the subject sit in a passive state, while you touch the + somnolent region on the temples, one inch horizontally behind the + brow. In from one to ten minutes the eyes will show a disposition + to close, winking repeatedly until a dreamy condition arises, with + a tendency to a conscious sleep. In this condition the susceptibility + is extreme. Experiments in psychometry may be tried with success; + the organs of the brain may be excited, and many interesting experiments + may be made by those who understand the brain, for intellectual + purposes, or for the promotion of health and cure of diseases.</p> + + <p>The whole subject is thoroughly explained in the College of + Therapeutics, making thereby a perfect guidance to health, and to + progress in philosophy, and supplying the great lack in all systems + of education—self-knowledge and the sublime art of health, + longevity, and progress in Divine wisdom.</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art2" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">The So-Called Scientific Immortality.</h2> + + + <p>The Smithsonian Institution at Washington was founded for the + increase and diffusion of knowledge. Guided by the contracted + notions prevalent among scientists, it has not accomplished much for + either object. The theory of Lester F. Ward of this institution was + paraphrased as follows in the last <cite class="name">Journal</cite>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p>As for immortal life I must confess,</p> + <p>Science has never, never answered “yes.”</p> + <p>Indeed all psycho-physiological sciences show,</p> + <p>If we’d be loyal, we must answer “no!”</p> + <p>Man cannot recollect before being born,</p> + <p>And hence his future life must be “in a horn.”</p> + <p>There must be a <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">parte ante</em> if there’s a <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">parte post</em>,</p> + <p>And logic thus demolishes every future ghost.</p> + <p>Upon this subject the voice of science</p> + <p>Has ne’er been aught but stern defiance.</p> + <p>Mythology and magic belong to “<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">limbus fatuorum</em>;”</p> + <p>If fools believe them, we scientists deplore ’em.</p> + <p>But, nevertheless, the immortal can’t be lost,</p> + <p>For every atom has its bright, eternal ghost!</p> + </div> + + <p>Mr. Ward appears to enjoy greatly this theory of his own final + extinction, and he exclaims with infinite self-satisfaction, “this + pure and ennobling sense of truth he would scorn to barter for the + selfish and illusory hope of an eternity of personal existence.” This + is quite a jolly funeral indeed!</p> + + <p>It is true Mr. Ward’s very profound theories contradict an immense + number of facts observed by wiser men than himself, but so + much the worse for the facts,—they must not embarrass a Smithsonian + philosopher when he solves to his own satisfaction the vast + problem of the universe. This Mr. Ward thinks he has done. It is + quite an ingenious and laboriously constructed hypothesis, but like + all other attempts to construct a grand philosophy without a basis + <a class="pagenum" id="page13" title="13"> </a>of fact, it is hard to manufacture the theory and hard to comprehend + it. Mr. Ward says himself in the <cite>Open Court</cite> that even to + comprehend his doctrine would require the “careful reading of + nearly 200 pages,” while “to see the matter in precisely the same + light as I see it would require the reading of the entire work of some + 1400 pages!” Really, Mr. Ward, the writer who cannot sufficiently + befuddle himself and his readers in fifty pages is not very skilful.</p> + + <p>Nevertheless the Ward theory is one of the best that has ever been + gotten up by the champions of nescience, and is worthy of a statement + in the Journal as quite an improvement on the common expression + of materialistic stolidity. He claims that he does not deny immortality, + but he recognizes no immortality of man—no human soul. + He recognizes only the immortality of the world, such as it is, which + nobody denies. The future life of man he considers nothing but an + illusion, though there is an immortality of intelligence <em>here</em> in successive + forms.</p> + + <p>The doctrine, is that spirit, intelligence, or consciousness is a + part of matter—that every atom has its own little share, which practically + amounts to nothing in its infinite subdivision, but when matter + comes into organized forms the spiritual powers thus aggregated and + organized become an efficient spiritual energy; and the higher the + organism the grander the power that is developed, man being the + most perfect organization evolves the grandest spiritual power, as a + superior violin evolves finer music than a tambourine. But the intelligence + and will of man are only phenomena, like the music, and + have no existence beyond that of the organism that produces them. + This is substantially the theory of materialists generally, and of the + old school medical colleges which consider human life a mere product + of human tissues in combination—a doctrine conclusively refuted in + “Therapeutic Sarcognomy.”</p> + + <p>The special merit of the Ward theory lies in the supposition that + mind and matter are elements everywhere inseparably united, and + that human intelligence is developed by the aggregation and organization + of the mind powers that reside in the atoms of matter,—an + explanation which does not often occur to the exponents of + materialism,—and has the merit of ingenuity. The theory would + do very well if it were not demonstrable that life exists only from + influx, and that human life and personality survive the body, and + become known to every highly organized sensitive, who knows how + to investigate such matters.</p> + + <p>The Ward theory demolishes the Deity with the greatest ease, and + places man, fleeting or evanescent as he is, at the summit of the + universe! As he expresses it, “The only intelligence in the + universe worthy of the name is the intelligence of the organized + beings which have been evolved; and the highest manifestations of + the psychic power known to the occupants of this planet is that + which emanates from the human brain. Thus does science invert + the pantheistic pyramid.”</p> + + <p>Such is the fog that emanates from the institution that should + help the advance and diffusion of knowledge. No God! no soul! + <a class="pagenum" id="page14" title="14"> </a>not even the awful power that Spencer blindly acknowledges—nothing + but matter bubbling up and organizing itself into temporary + forms that decay and are gone forever. We may well reciprocate + his suggestion, and say that such doctrines belong to the <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">limbus + fatuorum</em>, and, if enjoyed as Mr. Ward enjoys them, they may well + be called the “fool’s paradise.” I think Hegel has some similar + notion—that God becomes conscious only in man, unconscious + everywhere else! And even so brilliant a writer as M. Renan + says, “For myself I think that there is not in the universe any + intelligence superior to that of man.” In reading such expressions + we are strongly reminded of the poem on the “rationalistic chicken,” + which would not admit that it ever came out of an egg. When the + wisdom shown in the universe is so immensely beyond the comprehension + of man, how can he assume his own to be the highest wisdom?</p> + + <p>To such dreary absurdities as this the <cite>Open Court</cite> newspaper at + Chicago is devoted, and it has a bevy of well-educated friends and + supporters—well-educated as the world goes,—and graced with + literary capacity and culture, but educated into blindness and + ignorance of the scientific phenomena of psychic science,—unwilling + to investigate or incapable of candid investigation. The coterie + sustaining such a newspaper are precisely in the position of the + contemporaries of Galileo, who refused to look through his telescope + or study his demonstrations.</p> + + <p>It is not from any scientific spirit or scientific acumen that this + materialistic coterie avoid psychometric and spiritual facts. The + newspapers which ignore or sneer at such knowledge are easily + gulled in matters of science. A writer in the <cite>Open Court</cite> upon the + possibilities of the future, which he presents as being confined + “strictly to legitimate deductions from present knowledge,” exhibits + an amount and variety of ignorant credulity which ought not to + have gained admission to an intelligent journal. He speaks of an + unlimited freedom of submarine navigation and navigation of the + air which would not have appeared possible to any but the most + superficial sciolist. He also speaks of an electroscope that will telegraph + rays of light (!) and enable us thereby to see our most distant + friends, and of stowing in a small compass electricity enough + to exterminate an army. This imaginative ignoramus adds, “Give + to our present biped acquaintance the ability to exterminate armies + with a lightning flash, added to the power of sailing at will through + the air or of passing at will and in safety beneath the ocean waves, + and he would depopulate the earth.” The writer gives much more + of this Munchausen stuff which is not worthy of notice except as + an illustration of the feeble scientific intelligence with which many + newspapers are edited. The editor of a really scientific journal + referred to this article in the <cite>Open Court</cite> “as a proof of the danger + of a little knowledge.”<a href="#footnote_1" id="fnm1" title="The air is certainly..." class="fnmarker">1</a></p> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art3" class="article"> + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page15" title="15"> </a>Review of the New Education.</h2> + + <p class="author">BY SAMUEL EADON, M.A., M.D., PH.D., F.S.A., ETC.</p> + + <p>I have read very carefully the third edition of the “New Education,” + and feel impelled, in order to satisfy my conscientiousness, to + write a short article relative to the impressions which the reading of + the book produced in my mind.</p> + + <p>It is a work of extraordinary merit. Like George Combe’s “Constitution + of Man,” it is highly suggestive; the fascination of the + author was such that I could not help but write. To know its value + and appreciate its lofty moral outpourings, people must buy the book + and read for themselves. The first thought would be that it is the + production of an original thinker who had the courage to utter + opinions fearless of results, however antagonistic to the common-herd + notions.</p> + + <p>In all ages, the human understanding, the reasoning faculties, + have ever been considered to hold the supremacy in the scale of + development, of culture, and of advance toward a higher form of + civilization; the moral faculties were thought next in order, and + then the propensities common to all animal natures held the third + or inferior position. This view of human nature has been handed + down from an elder antiquity and still retains its hold largely in the + universities and great public schools of the present day.</p> + + <p>If this view of the nature of man be a correct one, there ought to + be a vast intellectual brotherhood of mankind; but it is not so. + From the days of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, this culture of the + intellectual power has been continuously pursued, but with very + slender results; for were this kind of education pursued for 100,000 + years, the morale of society would be little better than it is at the + present time.</p> + + <p>Dr. Buchanan takes quite a different view and makes the moral + or ethical faculties supreme, in development and culture, the intellect + being the instruments for acquiring facts and the propensities + the steam to bring about the desired results. According to his + views of man, our emotional faculties are of a higher or more God-like + order than our intellectual powers. The intellect being the + hand-maid to the emotions, to <em>feel</em> the force of truth is higher in mental + excellence than to <em>perceive</em> it. Depth of emotions is the climax + of spiritual power.</p> + + <p>The ethical and æsthetic being the foundation of the New Education, + Dr. Buchanan, in a series of beautifully written chapters, enters + into details in reference to what teachers should be, what the subjects + taught ought to be, and what are the shells and what the kernels of + knowledge. He shows clearly that woman will ultimately be the + regenerator of humanity, that education so far has been merely fractional + and one-sided—that true development consists in the co-education + of soul and body, the co-education of man and woman, the + co-education of the material and spiritual worlds.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page16" title="16"> </a>There are a million of teachers, and every one should have a copy + of this work. No man is fit to teach in the high sense advocated by + this author unless he has thoroughly mastered this work. It is easy + to pull down a system, but not so easy to build it up; but in the + New Education the follies of the old educational systems are not + only levelled to the dust, but a higher and more practical, industrious, + and crime-preventing system of training and teaching takes + its place. This book will become the grand educational Bible for + teachers in all countries where the English language is spoken.</p> + + <p>Nor should it be in the hands of teachers only. Every intelligent + father and mother, anxious for the development of their sons and + daughters should study this book night and day. It should be + translated into every European language, and also into Chinese and + other Eastern tongues; the refined, æsthetic, and knowledge-loving + people of Japan, were the work translated into their language, would + enjoy it intensely.</p> + + <p><em class="emphasis">Hambrook Court</em>, near Bristol, England.</p> + + <div class="aside"> + <p>A Japanese scholar has already undertaken the translation of the + “New Education” in Japan. The <cite class="name">Journal</cite> has not room at present + for the essays of correspondents, and I have only given a small portion + of the essay of the learned Dr. Eadon, who is the most progressive + member of the medical profession in England.</p> + </div> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art4" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">Victoria’s Half Century</h2> + + <p>We are nearing the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning + of Queen Victoria’s reign. A London writer, reviewing the + changes which have taken place in the period marks these notable + points: A strange country was England in those far-off days; there + was but little difference between the general state of society under + William and the general state of society under George II. If we + compared the courts of George IV. and William with the company + of a low tap-room, we should not flatter the tap-room. Broad-blown + coarseness, rank debauchery, reckless prodigality, were seen + at their worst in the abode of English monarchs. A decent woman + was out of place amid the stupid horrors of the Pavilion or of Windsor; + and we do not wonder at the sedulous care which the Queen’s + guardians employed to keep her beyond reach of the prevailing corruption. + A man like the Duke of Cumberland would not now be + permitted to show his face in public save in the dock; but in those + times his peculiar habits were regarded as quite royal and quite natural. + Jockeys, blacklegs, gamblers, prize-fighters were esteemed as + the natural companions of princes; and when England’s king drove + up to the verge of a prize-ring in the company of a burly rough who + was about to exchange buffets with another rough, the proceeding + was considered as quite manly and orthodox. Imagine the Prince of + Wales driving in the park with a champion boxer!</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page17" title="17"> </a>A strange country indeed was England in those times; and to look + through the newspapers and memoirs of fifty years ago is an amusement + at once instructive and humiliating. The king dines with the + premier duke, makes him drunk, and has him carefully driven round + the streets, so that the public may see what an intoxicated nobleman + is like. The same king pushes a statesman into a pond, and screams + with laughter as the drenched victim crawls out. Morning after + morning the chief man of the realm visits the boxing-saloon, and + learns to batter the faces and ribs of other noble gentlemen. We + hear of visits paid by royalty to an obscure Holborn tavern, where, + after noisy suppers, the fighting-men were wont to roar their hurricane + choruses and talk with many blasphemies of by-gone combats. Think + of that succession of ugly and foul sports compared with the peace, + the refinement, the gentle and subdued manners of Victoria’s court, + and we see how far England has travelled since 1837.</p> + + <p>Fifty years ago our myriads of kinsmen across the seas were + strangers to us, and the amazing friendship which has sprung up between + the subjects of Victoria and the citizens of the vast republic + was represented fifty years ago by a kind of sheepish, good-humored + ignorance, tempered by jealousy. The smart packets left London + and Liverpool to thrash their way across the Atlantic swell, and they + were lucky if they managed to complete the voyage in a month—Charles + Dickens sailed in a vessel which took twenty-two days for + the trip, and she was a steamer, no less! For all practical purposes + England and America are now one country. The trifling distance + of 3,000 miles across the Atlantic seems hardly worth counting, + according to our modern notions; and the American gentleman + talks quite easily and naturally about running over to London or + Paris to see a series of dramatic performances or an exhibition of + pictures. When Victoria began to reign the English people mostly + regarded America as a dim region, and the voyage thither was a + fearsome understanding.</p> + + <p>There is something in the catalogue of mechanical devices which + almost affects the mind with fatigue. Fifty years ago the ordinary + citizen picked up his ideas of all that was going on in the world + from a sorely-taxed news-sheet; and a very blurred idea he managed + to get at the best. Poor folk had to do without the luxury of the + news, and they were as much circumscribed mentally as though + they had been cattle; we remember a village where even in 1852 the + common people did not know who the Duke of Wellington was. + No such thing as a newspaper had been seen there within the + memory of man; only one or two of the natives had seen a railway + engine, and nobody in the whole village row had been known to + visit a town. But now-a-days the villager has his high-class news-sheet; + and he is very much discontented indeed if he does not see + the latest intelligence from America, India, Australia, China—everywhere. + An American statesman’s conversation of Monday afternoon + is reported accurately in the London journals on Tuesday morning; + a speech of Mr. Gladstone’s delivered at midnight on one day is + summarized in New York and San Francisco the next day; the + <a class="pagenum" id="page18" title="18"> </a>result of a race run at Epsom is known in Bombay within forty + minutes. We use no paradox when we say that every man in the + civilized world now lives next door to everybody else; oceans are + merely convenient pathways, howling deserts are merely handy + places for planting telegraph poles and for swinging wires along + which thoughts travel between country and country with the velocity + of lightning. We see that the world with its swarming populations + is growing more and more like some great organism whereof + the nerve-centres are subtly, delicately connected by sensitive nerve-tissues. + Even now, using a lady’s thimble, two pieces of metal, and + a little acid, we can speak to a friend across the Atlantic gulf, and + before ten years are over, a gentleman in London will doubtless be + able to sit in his office and hear the actual tones of some speaker in + New York.</p> + + <p>So much has the magic half century brought about.</p> + + <p>If we think of the scientific knowledge possessed by the most + intelligent men when the Queen ascended the throne, we can hardly + refrain from smiling, for it seems as though we were studying the + mental endowment of a race of children. The science of electricity + was in its infancy; the laws of force were misunderstood; men did + not know what heat really was. They knew next to nothing of the + history of the globe, and they accounted for the existence of varying + species of plants and animals by means of the most infantine hypotheses. + A complete revolution—vital and all-embracing—has + altered our modes of thought, so that the man of 1887 can scarcely + bring himself to conceive the state of mind which contented the + man of 1837. We have dark doubts now, perplexing misgivings, + weary uncertainties, painful consciousness of limited powers; but + along with these weaknesses we have our share of certainties. Are + we happier? Nay, not in mind. A quiet melancholy marks the + words of all the men who have thought most deeply and learned + most. The wise no longer cry out or complain—they accept life + and fate with calm sadness, and perhaps with prayerful resignation. + We have learned to know how little we can know, and we see with + composure that even the miracles already achieved by the restless + mind of man are as nothing.</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p>There is a far better reason than this for the sadness of thinking + men. It is that, with all the progress of science, art, and education, + poverty, misery, disease, and crime still afflict society as they did in + ruder ages, and our progress is <em>onward</em>, but not <em>upward</em>. It is <em>upward</em> + progress to which the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> is devoted.</p> + + <p>In the foregoing sketch very little is said of the real progress of + the age—the increase of education, the uprising of the people into + greater political power and liberty, the prostration of the power of + the church, which is destined to disestablishment, and the uprising + of spiritual science.</p> + + <p>What is there in the reign of Victoria to be celebrated? Was + there ever a more perfect specimen of barely respectable commonplace + than the reign of Victoria? What generous impulse, or what + <a class="pagenum" id="page19" title="19"> </a>notable wisdom has she ever shown? What has she done for the + relief of Ireland, for the improvement of a society full of pauperism, + crime and suffering, or for the prevention of unjust foreign wars? + When has she ever given even a respectable gift to any good object + from her enormous income? But virtue is not expected in sovereigns; + they are expected only to enjoy themselves hugely, to make an + ostentatious display, and consume all their benighted subjects give + them.</p> + + <p>Mrs. Stanton says:—“The two great questions now agitating + Great Britain are ‘Coercion for Ireland,’ and the ‘Queen’s Jubilee,’ + a tragedy and a comedy in the same hour.”</p> + + <p>Speaking of the Queen’s Jubilee she says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“In this supreme moment of the nation’s political crisis, the + Queen and her suite are junketing around in their royal yachts on + the coast of France, while proposing to celebrate her year of Jubilee + by levying new taxes on her people, in the form of penny and pound + contributions to build a monument to Prince Albert. The year of + Jubilee! While under the eyes of the Queen her Irish subjects are + being evicted from their holdings at the point of the bayonet; their + cottages burned to the ground; aged and helpless men and women + and newborn children, alike left crouching on the highways, under + bridges, hayricks and hedges, crowded into poorhouses, jails and + prisons, to expiate their crimes growing out of poverty on the one + hand and patriotism on the other.</p> + + <p>“A far more fitting way to celebrate the year of Jubilee would be + for the Queen to scatter the millions hoarded in her private vaults + among her needy subjects, to mitigate, in some measure, the miseries + they have endured from generation to generation; to inaugurate + some grand improvement in her system of education; to extend still + further the civil and political rights of her people; to suggest, perchance, + an Inviolable Homestead Bill for Ireland, and to open the + prison doors to her noble priests and patriots.</p> + + <p>“But instead of such worthy ambitions in the fiftieth year of her + reign, what does the Queen propose? With her knowledge and + consent, committees of ladies are formed in every county, town and + village in all the colonies under her flag, to solicit these penny and + pound contributions, to be placed at her disposal.</p> + + <p>“Ladies go from house to house, not only to the residences of the + rich, but to the cottages of the poor, through all the marts of trade, + the fields, the factories, begging pennies for the Queen from servants + and day-laborers.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>These forced collections are not entirely for the benefit of the + Queen, but are to be appropriated also to a vast variety of local + objects and institutions.</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art5" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">The Outlook of Diogenes.</h2> + + <p>The ancient philosopher Diogenes, whom even the presence of + Alexander could not overawe, is one of the most marked and heroic + figures of ancient history. It is said “The Athenians admired his + <a class="pagenum" id="page20" title="20"> </a>contempt for comfort, and allowed him a wide latitude of comment + and rebuke. Practical good was the chief aim of his philosophy; + for literature and the fine arts he did not conceal his disdain. He + laughed at men of letters for reading the sufferings of Ulysses + while neglecting their own; at musicians who spent in stringing their + lyres the time which would have been much better employed in + making their own discordant natures harmonious; at savants for gazing + at the heavenly bodies while sublimely incognizant of earthly ones; + at orators who studied how to enforce truth, but not how to practice + it. <em> </em> * When asked what business he was proficient in, he answered, + ‘to command men.’”</p> + + <p>Psychometry brings up these ancient characters as vividly and + truthfully as history. Such psychometric descriptions are a continual + miracle. How the psychometers, knowing not of whom they are + speaking, guided only by a mysterious intuition, should speak of the + most ancient characters as familiarly and truly as of our acquaintances + to-day, will ever stand as a psychic miracle, to illustrate the + Divine Wisdom that established such a power in man. This is the + daily experience of Mrs. Buchanan. Her description of Diogenes + was as follows:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“I think this is an ancient. There is something quaint about + him. He does not seem to follow anything or anybody. He lived + a natural life, indifferent to current teachings. He had peculiar + original ideas of his own as to life and its purposes, and seems to be + a man of philanthropic nature, not æsthetic, but very indifferent as + to personal appearance and habits, or as to pleasing people, not at all + fastidious. He did not mind people’s opinions in the least. They + never disturbed him.</p> + + <p>“He had enough combativeness to fight his way through difficulties. + He had great self-reliance, and did not mind obstacles. If he + had to take part in disturbances, he was ready, and had tact and tactics. + He had a peculiar power of governing men, and a peculiar + way of gaining confidence and esteem. He did not show off at all, + and was not at all condescending. He had a great deal of sagacity. + He regarded as trifles things people considered as momentous.</p> + + <p>“(To what country did he belong?) He was probably a Greek, + but he did not accord with anything of his time. He lived in the + future and anticipated great changes. He did not agree with any + contemporary religion, politics, fashions or manners, but was very + sarcastic upon them. He was a philosopher, devoted to the useful, + and cared nothing for the ornamental, either in architecture, fashions + or anything else. He might not make war on the religion as he + was not rancorous or rebellious, but he had different ideas in himself, + and was candid in expressing them. He does not give much + attention to modern times, but if he were here he would enjoy + modern improvements and benevolence, but would denounce our + fashions and our bigotry, and teach a primitive style of living.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Let us invoke the strong spirit of Diogenes whose sturdy freedom + of thought was like that of Walt Whitman, to coöperate in the review + of modern life. Such men are greatly needed to review a + <a class="pagenum" id="page21" title="21"> </a>corrupt civilization; and where is the civilization now, where was + there ever a civilization that was not corrupt? The function of + Diogenes is not performed either by the pulpit or the press. A + few special journals are terribly severe on special evils, but the + reformatory words of the press generally are few and far between, in + comparison to what is needed. The <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> does not + propose to fill the hiatus and make war upon the myriad evils of + society, but it must speak out, now and then, like Diogenes, especially + when others neglect their duty.</p> + + <p>What is the condition of our legislative bodies? Where is there + one that does not provoke sharp criticism? The Albany correspondent + of the <cite>N. Y. Sun</cite>, speaking of the legislative adjournment, says; + “Mr. William F. Sheehan, leader of the Democratic minority to the + Assembly, summed up the work of the Legislature of 1887 when in + his address on the floor of the Assembly on the day of final adjournment, + he said: ‘Prayer will ascend from thousands of hearts of the + citizens of this State at noon to-day for their deliverance from this + Legislature. It began its session with the corrupt election of a + United States Senator. It lived in bribery, and it dies a farce.’ + No one here regrets the adjournment except the gamblers and the + lobbyists. Even the lobbyists would be glad for a vacation, as their + labors in bidding for the legislative cattle the last month have been + most arduous. The people of Albany look on the Legislature as a + pestilence to which they must yearly submit, and they welcome its + departure as a farmer does the going of a swarm of locusts from his + fields.</p> + + <p>“Whatever else may be said about the Legislature of 1887, no one + ever accused it of being honest, and there is no doubt that it was + industrious.”</p> + + <p>This corrupt Legislature passed two very discreditable bills which + would have been made positively infamous if it had not been for the + active opposition of a few friends of liberty. One of these bills + was designed to add to the stringency of the present obstructive + medical law; the other was designed to assist the labors of Anthony + Comstock in interrupting the circulation of popular physiological + literature, under pretence of suppressing obscenity.</p> + + <p>In the Legislature of Pennsylvania, the law designed to suppress + the cultivation of spiritual science by severe penalties, was favorably + reported by a committee but prevented by popular indignation from + passing. Yet the people were not sufficiently alert to prevent legislation + in favor of that monopoly the Standard Oil Company, which + is considered a betrayal of justice.</p> + + <p>In Illinois a bill was passed in the Senate and came near passing + in the House, which would have abolished all medical freedom and + made it a crime for any one but a licensed doctor to help the sick in + any way, even by a prayer. Verily the spirit of American liberty + does not pervade American communities and American legislatures.</p> + + <p>In Massachusetts the Old Puritanic Sunday Laws having fallen + into “<em>innocuous desuetude</em>,” an attempt to give them a partial enforcement + in Boston compelled a little legislative action and the + <a class="pagenum" id="page22" title="22"> </a>result was what might have been expected in a State in which religious + opinions are allowed to interfere with the credibility of a witness, + and in which Diogenes, if he were here, would be struck with the + vast inconsistency between the creed of Christendom and its practice, + and the vast disparity between the progress of modern knowledge + and the effete system of education in our Universities. He + would wonder why modern colleges are more interested in the details + of Greek life and letters than in the beneficent sciences of + to-day of which the Greeks knew nothing.</p> + + <p>He would wonder why the edicts of the Pagan emperor, Constantine, + concerning the observance of Sunday are observed and enforced + as a religious duty, while the Divine love inculcated by Jesus Christ, + which forbids all strife and war, is no more regarded by Christian + nations than by the rulers of ancient Rome.</p> + + <p>He would look into the schools and universities professedly devoted + to science and literature, and ask why they have even less freedom + of discussion and thought than the schools of Athens, every + professor being interested to discourage the investigation of novelties + in philosophy instead of being ready to welcome original investigation.</p> + + <p>Under the new Sunday law of Massachusetts, Sunday trains and + steamboat lines are at the mercy of the railroad commissioners, who + can stop every one of them; but boating, yachting, and carriage + driving on Sunday are free to all who have the money to pay for + them. But while outdoor frolic is free-and-easy, indoor enjoyment + is prohibited. Everybody is liable to five dollar fines for <em>attending</em> + “any sport, game, or play” on Sunday, unless it has been licensed, + and private families never ask a license for their own amusements. + But <em>to be present</em> on Sunday “<em>at any dancing</em>,” brings a liability to a + $50 fine for each offence! What a terrible thing dancing is to be + sure, that looking on should cost $50, while a frolic in boating and + yachting is unexceptionably holy, and the fast young men may kick + up a dust, kill the horses, and smash the buggies with impunity, or + kill themselves by rowing in the hot sun, under whiskey stimulus on + Sunday.</p> + + <p>The laws for hotels and restaurants are even more absurd. + Travellers, strangers and lodgers may be freely entertained, but if + <em>anybody else</em> (who is he?) comes into the house, or remains on the + grounds about it, on Sunday, the landlord can be fined as much as + $50 at the first pop, $100 at the second pop, and at the third pop he + is to be shut up and deprived of his license. Somebody else must + be a terrible fellow on Sunday—and he is a dangerous customer + on Saturday too, for if he comes in on Saturday evening, or even + lounges on the grounds, it is a fine of five dollars for the landlord. + But who is he? How is the poor landlord, or victualler to discover + <em>somebody else</em>, who is neither lodger, stranger, nor traveller. The + landlord cannot detect him, but all sheriffs, grand jurors, and + constables are required to hunt for him! <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Vive la bagatelle!</em></p> + + <p>Strictly private gambling is safe on Sunday, and our <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chevaliers + d’Industrie</em> may ruin a dozen families, and provoke suicide and murder,—“plate + sin with gold” and it is protected, and the swindling + <a class="pagenum" id="page23" title="23"> </a>shyster is protected too on Sunday, for no civil process can be served + on that holy day; the rogue who is bothered on that day can get + exemplary damages by this law of Sunday asylum. But the poor + keeper of a restaurant or of an inn, is the victim for old legislative + boys to throw stones at. They have provided a hundred dollar fine + for every innholder or victualler who keeps, or “suffers to be kept,” on + his premises, any implements “used in gaming,” or which may be used + for “purposes of amusement,” and does not prevent such things from + being used on Sunday. So if he is not extremely vigilant throughout + his house and grounds, he may be caught with a hundred dollar fine, + OR be imprisoned three months in the House of Correction at the + pleasure of the magistrate!! and for every subsequent offense may be + <em>imprisoned in the House of Correction</em> as much as one year, and then + required to give security for obeying the law. Under such a law a + malicious young hoodlum may contrive to send a landlord to jail.</p> + + <p>To open a shop, warehouse, or workhouse on Sunday is a fifty + dollar offense, and it is fifty dollars also for doing “any manner of + labor, business or work” on Sunday, unless the judge considers it a + matter of necessity or charity; nevertheless, the “making of butter + and cheese” is good Sunday work, if we do not <em>open the doors</em> which + would bring on a $50 fine. So is the work of steam, gas and electricity, + newspapers, telegraphs, telephones, druggists, milkmen, (bakers + before 10 and after 4,) boat houses, livery stables, ferry boats, + and street cars. But to catch a fish or fire a pistol on Sunday is a + $10 offense, and to look on at a game of chess is a $50 crime. + However, the law does not punish whistling on Sunday, unless the + whistler has spectators, then it is a $50 business for all concerned. + To read Longfellow’s Excelsior on Sunday to a parlor of + company is a $50 crime. Reading Milton’s Paradise Lost, or the + American Declaration of Independence would also rank as criminal + business, being an entertainment, and a party of twenty playing a + game of croquet may be fined a thousand dollars.</p> + + <p>Verily, if it were not for such hypocritical and asinine legislation + as this, we might forget the history of New England witchcraft, and + the hanging of Quakers in sight of the spot where this law was + enacted as an <em>improvement</em> on a still worse, but practically obsolete + statute.</p> + + <p>Such Sunday legislation is a fair evidence of the absence of true + religion, and the predominance of hypocrisy. It is not enforced, + and is not expected to be. All the Sunday legislation in New York + did not prevent the immense Syracuse Salt Works from carrying on + their work day and night. Gov. Hill and the N. Y. Legislature have + shown their character by increasing the penalties of the Sunday laws, + but they have not approached the Massachusetts standard.</p> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art6" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">A Bill to Destroy the Indians.</h2> + + <p class="author">From the Boston Pilot.</p> + + <p>The Puritans of New England and the Cavaliers of Virginia alike + treated the Indians as though they had no rights of manhood. The + Catholics, Baptists, and Quakers treated them kindly and justly. + <a class="pagenum" id="page24" title="24"> </a>The Puritans took Indian lands without permission or compensation. + The Catholics, Baptists and Quakers bought lands from the Indians in + an honorable way.</p> + + <p>The two policies have been in conflict for nearly three centuries.</p> + + <p>The Government has held to the policy of buying lands from the + Indians, thus recognizing their ownership; but it has not always + paid the price agreed upon. Now, under the lead of Senator Dawes + Congress has passed a bill which annuls the treaties, and overrides + all proprietary rights of every tribe, except nine of the most civilized.</p> + + <p>His bill is the “Indian Land in Severalty Bill.” It pretends to be + in the interest of the Indians, but that pretense is a fraud. It is + wholly in the interest of railroad companies, land syndicates, and + private white settlers.</p> + + <p>The treaties of 1868 and 1876 guarantee the Sioux tribes undisturbed + possession of their reservation in Dakota. Not an acre of that + land can be taken from them without the consent of three-fourths of + them. So read the treaties signed by the United States Commissioners + and confirmed by the United States Senate.</p> + + <p>The Dawes Severalty Bill takes the Sioux reservation from the + control of the Sioux without asking the consent of a single Indian, + surveys it as though it was a body of public land, and then says to + the Sioux: The Government will return a small homestead for each + of you, as individuals, and after twenty-five years you shall have + titles to these small tracts, but the remainder of the reservation, + (about four-fifth) must be opened to white settlers.</p> + + <p>The Sioux protest against this outrage, and have appealed to the + National Indian Defence Association at Washington, D. C., to + protect their rights. This association has resolved to test the constitutionality + of this bill in the Supreme Court of the United States, + and asks all friends of justice to sustain them in this legal contest.</p> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art7" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">Miscellaneous Intelligence.</h2> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc1"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Seybert Commission</strong> has reported against the claims of Spiritualism. + Their report will not even have the effect of the French Academy + report against animal magnetism, which checked its progress in the medical + profession but not among the people; but before the century passed, the + medical profession has taken up the science in earnest, and re-named it hypnotism. + The Seybert report will not even be a temporary damper, for + while thousands of inquirers, fully as competent as the commission, and + many of them far more competent to the investigation, have made themselves + familiar with the facts, the commission has done nothing but to emphasize + the fact already familiar among the intelligent, of the prevalence of + fraud among mediums. Notwithstanding the wonderful powers of Slade, + no one acquainted with his history would place any reliance on his integrity. + The more intelligent Spiritualists understood such matters, and the Ladies’ + Aid (Spiritualist) Society of Boston, recently had considerable amusement + in the exhibition in their parlors of the materializing and dematerializing + wire apparatus used by the fraudulent medium, Mrs. Ross, which + was said to have been carried in her bustle. Mrs. Ross when prosecuted for + <a class="pagenum" id="page25" title="25"> </a>her frauds was found to be protected by the law of coverture which makes the + husband alone responsible. This is a relic of the idea of female subordination + and obedience which ought to be abolished. The progress of spiritualism + has been marked by as many follies as that of any popular movement, and + the bequest of $60,000, by Mr. Seybert, to the old fogies of the Pennsylvania + University was among the stupidest of these follies. If a friend of Galileo + had made such a bequest to the Catholic church in his time, to get an opinion + of the new astronomy, it would have been as sensible a proceeding. It + will however have one good result; it will erect a permanent monument to + the ignorance of the universities, a record from which they cannot hereafter + escape. Prof. Leidy was one of the salaried commissioners whose mental + status was thus exhibited in the last journal:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p>"Your doctrine of life eternal,</p> + <p>And everything else supernal,</p> + <p>Might well be pronounced an infernal</p> + <p class="i20">Delusion!"</p> + </div> + + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc2"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Evils that need attention</strong>, mentioned in the <cite class="name">Journal</cite> for May, + are as rampant as ever. The big combination in Chicago to raise the price + of wheat by a corner, utterly burst on the 14th of June, leaving a few + ruined speculators. The <cite>Chicago News</cite> says: “What is called buying and + selling futures in grain, is no more buying and selling in the innocent + and proper interpretation of the words than the wagering on horse races is + buying and selling horses. It is a species of gambling as pernicious to + public morals as it is contrary to public policy.” The <cite>Chicago Herald</cite> says, + “No one is in love with a cornerer who corners. Nobody wastes any pity + on a cornerer who gets cornered himself.” Such crimes in a petty way may + be punished, but we need law for the millionaire gamblers who not only rob + each other, but fleece the entire nation at the same time.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc3"> + <p><strong class="headline">Condensed Items.</strong>—<em class="subheadline" id="condensed1">Mesmerism, in Paris.</em> M. G. de Torcy has introduced + a mesmerized woman into the lion’s cage, where she unconsciously puts + her head in the lion’s mouth: then, in a state of cataleptic rigidity, head and + feet resting on two stools, the lion is made to jump over the rigid body, then + with paws resting on her body, to pull a string by his teeth and thus fire + a pistol. Of course this draws enthusiastic audiences. <em class="subheadline" id="condensed2">Medical Freedom.</em> + The attempts at restrictive medical legislation have been defeated in Rhode + Island, Connecticut, and Maine. In Maine, the bill had passed the Legislature + and was approved by Gov. Bodwell, but upon re-consideration he + vetoed it and the Senate then rejected it. The Allopathic State Society is + quite indignant and calls it “<em>atrocious</em>” that they cannot enforce a law + which the Senate and governor rejected. Mrs. Post in Iowa has been acquitted + and will not be punished at all for the awful crime of healing a + patient by prayer! The acquittal appears to be on the ground of the + unconstitutionally of the law. <em class="subheadline" id="condensed3">The Victoria Jubilee</em> in Faneuil Hall, Boston, + called out an immense indignation meeting, and many eloquent protests. + But for the energy of the police a riot might have occurred at the + time of the festival. <em class="subheadline" id="condensed4">Delightful Homes.</em> Asheville, N. C., 2339 feet above + tide water, has a delightful climate, especially for pulmonary invalids. + Northern Georgia is an elevated region of remarkable general health, and + freedom from malarious and consumptive diseases. California has still + more delightful homes of health and beauty. Colorado has twelve towns + over 5,000 feet above the sea, and ten over 10,000.</p> + </div> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art8" class="article"> + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page26" title="26"> </a>Chapter IV.—Cranioscopy.</h2> + + <p class="chapter_outline">The Study of the Comparative Development of the Brain through + the Cranium—Importance of Cranioscopy—First Step—Facial + organs—Miller, Pestalozzi, Danton, Mirabeau—Caricatures—Upper + and lower parts of face—Female faces—Mode of comparing + organs—Mode of manipulation—Bony irregularities—Profile + comparison of height and depth—Vacca Pechassee and + Lewis—Old errors—Difficulties in estimation—Morbid conditions—Criminals—Napoleon—Negro + murderer.</p> + + <div id="figure-1" class="image" style="width:670px;"> + <div id="illo-1" class="illo_left" style="width:330px;"> + <a href="images/fig1a.png"><img src="images/fig1a-th.png" width="330" height="315" alt="Man's portrait" /></a> + <p class="caption">HUGH MILLER.</p> + </div> + <div id="illo-2" class="illo_right" style="width:330px;"> + <a href="images/fig1b.png"><img src="images/fig1b-th.png" width="330" height="315" alt="Man's' portrait" /></a> + <p class="caption">PESTALOZZI.</p> + </div> + <div id="illo-3" class="illo_left" style="width:330px;"> + <a href="images/fig1c.png"><img src="images/fig1c-th.png" width="330" height="315" alt="Man's portrait" /></a> + <p class="caption">DANTON.</p> + </div> + <div id="illo-4" class="illo_right" style="width:330px;"> + <a href="images/fig1d.png"><img src="images/fig1d-th.png" width="330" height="315" alt="Man's' portrait" /></a> + <p class="caption">MIRABEAU.</p> + </div> + <p style="clear:both;"> </p> <!-- Breathing room --> + </div> + + <p>The reader now understands the conformation of the brain, and + the general character of its different regions. It is important that + he should as soon as possible begin the study of heads, and learn to + judge correctly their development. When he can do this, he has an + inexhaustible source of knowledge continually with him, and every + new acquaintance becomes an interesting study in ascertaining the + indications of his head and comparing them with his daily conduct + and manners. The more thorough and careful the study, the + <a class="pagenum" id="page27" title="27"> </a>greater the satisfaction and delight that it yields. The good cranioscopist + continually grows in knowledge, and solves all the problems + of character presented in society. But he who simply studies the + elements of character or organic faculties, and does not become + acquainted with the organs and their measurement, soon finds his + knowledge too abstract and remote from his daily life; and, instead + of increasing his stock of knowledge on this subject, he continually + loses more and more of what he has gained. It was for this reason, + mainly, that the medical profession gradually dropped the discoveries + of Gall, which would never have ceased to interest them if they + had learned to apply them to the study of men and animals.</p> + + <p>I hope that no reader will neglect this chapter, or fail to reduce + its instructions to practice, for on that it depends whether he shall + become a practical master of cerebral science, and be able to read + every character with which he meets.</p> + + <p>The first step in studying a head is to observe its general contour,—whether + the forehead projects far in front of the ear, to indicate + intellect; whether the upper surface rises above the forehead + sufficiently to indicate the nobler qualities, and whether it is + balanced or overpowered by the breadth and depth of the base of + the skull and thickness of the neck. In connection with this, we + may observe that the base of the brain is also expressed in the lower + part of the face which corresponds to the organs for the expression + of animal force, while the upper part of the face is devoted to the + expression of the upper and anterior parts of the brain. The + expressional faculties shown in the face do not always coincide + exactly with the real power of the organs thus expressed; but if they + do not, they at least indicate their activity and habitual display; for + faculties habitually indulged will show their organic indications in + the face, while those which are suppressed or restrained will be less + conspicuous in the face.</p> + + <p>The reader will understand that organs located for observation on + the face are organs of the brain lying behind the face, which may be + reached and stimulated through it, as other organs are reached and + stimulated through the cranium and integuments. The contour of + the face cannot reveal the organs behind it by physical necessity, as + does the contour of the skull, yet observation induces me to rely + upon estimates based on facial development. I think there is a + correspondence of development between the brain and face, based + upon vital laws, and also a direct influence of each organ upon the + surface that covers it, so that when the organ is excited the surface + becomes flushed, and when it is kept inactive the surface becomes + pale and withered. This may be most readily observed at the + organ of Love of Stimulus, immediately in front of the cavity of the + ear. The surface presents a shrunken appearance after many years + of rigid abstinence, but becomes plump, bloated, or high-colored, in + those whose habits are intemperate. I have also observed an itching + sensation at the surface when the organs behind it were active. + Any one may observe a warmth and fulness in the upper part of the + face when the social sentiments are very active. In the act of + <a class="pagenum" id="page28" title="28"> </a>blushing, the flush comes upon the part of the face associated with + modest and refined sentiments, the centre of which is below the + external angle of the eye, at the lower margin of the cheek-bone.</p> + + <p>The contrasting development of the upper and lower parts of the + face may be seen when we compare such characters as the enthusiastic + philanthropist and educational reformer, Pestalozzi, and the high-principled + and intellectual Hugh Miller, the Scotch geologist, with + such as Danton, the terrible demagogue of the French revolution, + and Mirabeau, the brilliant but unprincipled orator.</p> + + <p>No skilful artist in caricature fails to observe these principles. + When he would degrade a character, he magnifies the lower part of + the face; and when he would represent a more refined character, + the lower part of the face becomes correspondingly delicate.</p> + + <p>When <cite>Puck</cite> would represent, a miserable wretch, he presents such + a head as the following; and when a New York journalist desired + to caricature an opponent as a saloon politician, he diminished the + upper and developed the lower part of the head, as presented here.</p> + + <div id="figure-2" class="image" style="width:670px;"> + <div id="illo-5" class="illo_left" style="width:330px;"> + <a href="images/fig2a.png"><img src="images/fig2a-th.png" width="275" height="325" alt="Sketch of a man's head" /></a> + <p class="caption">WRETCH.</p> + </div> + <div id="illo-6" class="illo_right" style="width:330px;"> + <a href="images/fig2b.png"><img src="images/fig2b-th.png" width="275" height="325" alt="Sketch of a man's head" /></a> + <p class="caption">SALOON POLITICIAN.</p> + </div> + <p style="clear:both;"> </p> <!-- Breathing room --> + </div> + + <p>All observers of countenance and character unconsciously act + upon these principles and recognize a great difference in the expressions + of two faces,—one predominant in the lower and the other in + the upper portion of the face. That there was any scientific basis + for this was entirely unknown before my discoveries of the organs + behind the face, which modify its development and expression. My + lectures upon this subject in 1842 were attended by the physiognomical + writer, Redfield, who derived from them many important suggestions.</p> + + <p>When the lower part of the face is massive, broad, and prominent, + while the basilar region is broad and deep, with a stout neck, we + know the great force and activity of the animal nature, and unless + the upper surface of the brain is well developed all over, we may + expect some excess in the way of violence, temper, selfishness, + perversity, sensuality, dishonesty, avarice, rudeness of manners, moral + insensibility, slander, contentiousness, jealousy, envy, revenge, or + some other form of wickedness, according to the especial conformation.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page29" title="29"> </a>In the faces of women, we find the activity of the amiable sentiments + marked by the fulness and roseate color of the upper part of + the face, while the lower portion is more delicate than in the masculine + face.</p> + + <p>But although the facial developments generally correspond with + the activity of the organs expressed, the rule is not invariable, as + the reader will learn hereafter that the facial developments may be + moderate when the character is not excitable or demonstrative.</p> + + <p>If the upper surface of the head is sufficiently high, we know that + great capacity for virtue exists, capable of restraining evil inclinations, + and producing admirable traits of character, according to the + organs especially developed.</p> + + <p>When we study the special organs we determine the special + virtues or vices. For example, a head may have a good general + development upward, giving many very pleasing traits of character, + and yet be so deficient in the region of conscientiousness (while the + selfish group that gives breadth at the ears is large) as to produce + great moral unsoundness and a treacherous violation of obligations + or disregard of principle.</p> + + <p>The most delicate task in craniological study, and the most important, + is the balancing of opposite tendencies belonging to antagonistic + organs; and it was for the want of the knowledge of antagonisms + that the Gallian system so often failed in describing character + and its representatives before the public have made the most + disastrous blunders. Shrewd and honest observers discovered the + imperfections of the science.<a href="#footnote_2" id="fnm2" title="A letter just received..." class="fnmarker">2</a></p> + + <p>While the eye readily gives us the contour of heads that have + not much hair, there is but little accurate judgment without the use + of the hand, which is the first thing to be learned. Not the tips of + the fingers, but the whole hand should be laid upon the head gently, + to cover as much surface as possible, while with a gentle pressure + we cause the scalp to move slightly, and thus feel through it the + exact form of the cranium as correctly as if the bones were exposed + to view. If in this examination we find any sharp prominences, + which might be called bumps, we attribute them to the growth of + bone, which does not indicate the growth of the brain. The latter + is indicated only by the general contour.</p> + + <p>A little anatomical knowledge will prevent us from being deceived, + and enable us to make due allowances. There are no great difficulties + in making a correct estimate, and the anatomists who have + taught their pupils that correct cranial observations could not be + made, only showed their own ignorance of the subject. We must + consider the cranium as though all osseous protuberances had been + shaved off, leaving the smooth, curving contour of the skull. The + principal projection to be removed is the superciliary ridge corresponding + to the brow at the base of the forehead. It is formed by + <a class="pagenum" id="page30" title="30"> </a>the projection of the external plate of the skull, leaving a separation + or cavity between it and the inner plate, which cavity is called + the frontal sinus, and is sometimes half an inch wide. As there is + no positive method of determining its dimensions in the living head, + there must ever be some doubt concerning the development of the + perceptive organs which it covers. The superciliary ridge at the + external angle of the brow extends really as much as three-quarters + of an inch from the brain. From this angle a ridge of bone (the + temporal arch) extends upward and backward, separating the + lateral surface of the head from the frontal and upper surfaces. + This ridge is a convenient landmark, but must be excluded from an + estimate of development as it is merely osseous. It extends back + on the head a little behind its middle. The sagittal suture on the + median line of the upper surface usually presents a slight, bony + elevation or ridge (see the engraving of the skull, Chapter III.), and + the lambdoid suture on the back of the head is frequently rough. + A superficial practical phrenologist (of great pretensions) at Cincinnati, + in examining the head of a gentleman of mild character, found + the lambdoid suture quite rough, and gave him a terrifically pugnacious + character, not knowing enough to distinguish between osseous + and cerebral development. The occipital knob on the median line + between the cerebrum and cerebellum, has been already mentioned. + The mastoid process, the bony prominence behind the ear is a projection + exterior to the cerebellum. Where it starts from the cranium + above and behind the cavity of the ear, we may judge of basilar + development by the breadth of the head, but the basilar depth + which is more important is to be judged by the extension downward, + which was illustrated in the last chapter by comparing the skulls of + J. R. Smith and the slave-trading count.</p> + + <p>To judge the comparative strength of the higher and lower elements + of character, we look for the height above the forehead and + the depth at and behind the ear, which is ascertained by placing the + hand on the base of the cranium behind the ears, while the height + of the head is best appreciated by placing a hand on the top with + the fingers reaching down to the brow.</p> + + <p>In a profile view the human head may be divided into three equal + parts, the length of the nose being the central part, from the nose to + the end of the chin another, and the remainder above the nose the + third part. In inferior heads these three measurements are + equal, the upper third extending to the top of the head; but in + heads of superior character the upper third extends only to the top + of the forehead, and the outline of the head rises a half breadth + above the forehead, as the following profiles show. In heads of + the lowest character the basilar depth exceeds the height, as in the + French Count and the Indian Lewis.</p> + + <p>The contour of a well-developed head forms a semicircle above + the base line through the brow, and its elevation above that line is + equal to one half of the antero-posterior length of the head, while in + the inferior class of heads the elevation is but four-tenths of the + length or even less, and is hardly equal to the depth, while in the + <a class="pagenum" id="page31" title="31"> </a>highest class the elevation is one-half greater than the depth or even + more. We obtain another view of the comparative height and + depth by drawing lines from the brow to the vertex and the base of + the brain and comparing the two angles thus formed. In the good + head we observe the great superiority of the upper angle over that + formed by the line to the ear, the lower end of which corresponds + to the lowest part of the brain, the base of the cerebellum.</p> + + <div id="figure-3" class="image"> + <a href="images/fig3.png"><img src="images/fig3-th.png" width="674" height="314" alt="Profile views of two heads, with horizontal lines as described above." /></a> + </div> + + <p>To take an illustration from nature, I would present the outlines + of two Indian crania that I obtained in Florida,—Vacca Pechassee, + or the cow chief, who headed a small tribe, and bore a good character + among the whites, and Lewis, an Indian of bad character in the same + neighborhood (on the Appalachicola River), who was shot for his + crimes. (I might have obtained many more, but as the Seminole + war was not then over, I found that my own cranium was placed in + considerable danger by my explorations.)</p> + + <div id="figure-4" class="image"> + <a href="images/fig4.png"><img src="images/fig4-th.png" width="652" height="312" alt="Two skulls in profile. Left is Vacca Pechassee, right is Lewis." /></a> + </div> + + <p>In Vacca Pechassee the height is to the depth as 11 to 9; in Lewis + as 9 to 11. In J. R. Smith the height is to the depth as 12 to 10; in + the slave trading count as 9 to 14. This is the correct method + of cranial study, for comparing the moral and animal nature.</p> + + <p>The basilar depth was entirely overlooked in the old method of + phrenologists, and hence they were very often mistaken in judging + <a class="pagenum" id="page32" title="32"> </a>the basilar energy by breadth alone, of which there has been no + more striking example than that of the Thugs of India, whose heads + (though a tribe of murderers) were below the European average in + basilar breadth. These facts are so conspicuous to any careful + observer that I became very familiar with them in the first six + months of my study of heads fifty-two years ago.</p> + + <p>When the circulation of the brain is vigorous and regular, all + portions being in regular activity, the fulness of the circulation being + shown in the face, we may be sure that the character is fairly + indicated by the cranium. The younger the individual the thinner + the cranium, and the less the liability to deception by the thickness + of the bones. Female skulls are <em>generally</em> more delicate than male, + and also more normal or uniform in their circulation. Hence there + is less difficulty in making an accurate estimate of women and of + youth. The greater difficulty is found in men of thick skulls and + abnormal brains, and these difficulties are in some cases insurmountable + by mere measurement. It will become necessary in the depraved + classes to look at the condition of the circulation about the + head, and the facial indications of the organs that have been cultivated. + If these are not sufficient to guide us we must fall back upon + psychometry.</p> + + <p>The morbid condition of the brain is a conspicuous fact, which + we must not ignore, and it is important to learn how to + detect it in the appearance of the individual, or in his psychometric + indications and Pathognomy, which is itself a profound + science and important guide to character. (Pathognomy is the + science of expression, and has an exact mathematical basis.)</p> + + <p>We should bear in mind that it is just as possible to have impaired + and unhealthy conditions in any part of the brain as to have them in + the stomach, liver, lungs, or spinal cord. Physical diseases are contagious + and so are moral. It is generally impossible to preserve the + moral organs and faculties of a youth in healthy condition who is + allowed to associate habitually with the depraved; and it is very + difficult indeed for the mature adult to preserve his brain and mind + in sound condition when compelled to associate with the depraved. + To those who are very impressible, the contagion of vice, bad temper, + profanity, turbulence, lying, obscenity, sullenness, melancholy, + etc., is as inevitable as the contagion of small pox.</p> + + <p>Our criminals are generally exposed to the contagion of crime in + youth, and as they advance they are immersed in this contagion + in prisons, which are the moral pest-houses in which law maintains + the intense contagion of criminal depravity. Napoleon was an admirable + subject for such contamination, and when we learn how he + was reared amid the lawlessness and general scoundrelism of Corsica, + we do not wonder that he became an imperial brigand. The low + ethical standard of mankind, generally, and especially of historians, + has heretofore prevented a just estimate of the character of Napoleon. + Royal criminals have escaped condemnation; but the recent + review of Napoleon’s career by Taine gives a just philosophic estimate + of the man, which coincides with the impartial estimation + of psychometry.</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="footnotes"> + <h2>Footnotes</h2> + <ol> + <li id="footnote_1"> + <p>The air is certainly yet to be navigated when a sufficient amount of power can be concentrated + in the machine, but at present we can do little more than float with the wind. It is probable that an + engine sufficiently strong, built of the best steel, and propelled by the explosive power of gun cotton, + or some similar explosive, would overcome the difficulty. If I were to construct such an engine I + would substitute for the lifting power of a balloon that of a sail acting as a kite. <a href="#fnm1" title="Return to marker 1" class="returnFN">Return</a></p> + </li> + <li id="footnote_2"> + <p>A letter just received from Australia states that the writer had for many years been a student of + phrenology, and had ascertained from examining hundreds of crania that phrenology “stood on a + basis of fact, but was wrong as well as deficient in some of its details. But though I could point to + several parts of the skull where the readings of professionals as well as myself were always unreliable, + I could not discover the real function of the organs in these places.” <a href="#fnm2" title="Return to marker 2" class="returnFN">Return</a></p> + </li> + + </ol> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="business"> + <h2><a class="pagenum" id="page33" title="33"> </a>BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.</h2> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p>The establishment of a new Journal is a hazardous + and expensive undertaking. Every reader of + this volume receives what has cost more than he + pays for it, and in addition receives the product of + months of editorial, and many years of scientific, + labor. May I not therefore ask his aid in relieving + me of this burden by increasing the circulation of + the Journal among his friends?</p> + + <p>The establishment of the Journal was a duty. + There was no other way effectively to reach the + people with its new sphere of knowledge. Buckle + has well said in his “History of Civilization,” that + “No great political improvement, no great reform, + either legislative or executive, has ever been originated + in any country by its ruling class. The first + suggestors of each steps have invariably been bold + and able thinkers, who discern the abuse, denounce + it, and point out the remedy.”</p> + + <p>This is equally true in science, philanthropy, and + religion. When the advance of knowledge and + enlightenment of conscience render reform or revolution + necessary, the ruling powers of college, + church, government, capital, and the press, present + a solid combined resistance which the teachers of + novel truth cannot overcome without an appeal to + the people. The grandly revolutionary science of + Anthropology, which offers in one department (Psychometry) + “the dawn of a new civilization,” and + in other departments an entire revolution in social, + ethical, educational, and medical philosophy, has + experienced the same fate as all other great scientific + and philanthropic innovations, in being compelled + to sustain itself against the mountain mass + of established error by the power of truth alone. + The investigator whose life is devoted to the evolution + of the truth cannot become its propagandist. + A whole century would be necessary to the full + development of these sciences to which I can give but + a portion of one life. Upon those to whom these + truths are given, who can intuitively perceive their + value, rests the task of sustaining and diffusing the + truth.</p> + + <p>The circulation of the Journal is necessarily + limited to the sphere of liberal minds and advanced + thinkers, but among these it has had a more warm + and enthusiastic reception than was ever before + given to any periodical. There must be in the + United States twenty or thirty thousand of the + class who would warmly appreciate the Journal, + but they are scattered so widely it will be years + before half of them can be reached without the + active co-operation of my readers, which I most + earnestly request.</p> + + <p>Prospectuses and specimen numbers will be furnished + to those who will use them, and those who + have liberal friends not in their own vicinity may + confer a favor by sending their names that a prospectus + or specimen may be sent them. A liberal + commission will be allowed to those who canvass for + subscribers.</p> + + <div class="subsection"> + <h3>Enlargement of the Journal.</h3> + + <p>The requests of readers for the enlargement of + the Journal are already coming in. It is a great + disappointment to the editor to be compelled each + month to exclude so much of interesting matter, important + to human welfare, which would be gratifying + to its readers. The second volume therefore + will be enlarged to 64 pages at $2 per + annum.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3>COLLEGE OF THERAPEUTICS.</h3> + + <p>The eighth session is now in progress with an + intelligent class. The ninth session will begin next + November. I do not approve of medical legislation, + but if it could be considered just to prohibit + medical practice without a college education, it + would be much more just to prohibit magnetic and + electric practice without such practical instruction + as is given in the College of Therapeutics and at + present nowhere else.</p> + + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3>UNLIKE ANY OTHER PAPER.</h3> + + <p>The <cite>Spectator</cite>, unlike other home papers, seeks + (1) to acquaint every family with simple and efficient + treatment for the various common diseases, + to, in a word, educate the people so they can avoid + disease and cure sickness, thus saving enormous + doctors’ bills, and many precious lives. (2) To + elevate and cultivate the moral nature, awakening + the conscience, and developing the noblest attributes + of manhood. (3) To give instructive and + entertaining food to literary taste, thus developing + the mind. (4) To give just such hints to housekeepers + that they need to tell how to prepare + delicious dishes, to beautify homes, and to make + the fireside the most attractive spot in the world.</p> + + <p>Write for terms for agents, and go to work. We + give liberal commission to those who will canvas + for the <cite>Spectator</cite>, and the paper so commends itself + to the people it is not difficult to secure subscribers.</p> + + <p>The young ladies among our subscribers will take + much delight in the clear and practical article on + how to secure and retain beauty. The formulas + are the best, and instead of being injurious are + beneficial, in cases where they are indicated. We + feel sure the article will be highly prized, and prove + of great value.</p> + + <p>The <cite>Spectator</cite> is published on the sixth day of + each month.</p> + + <p>All communications should be addressed to the + <cite>American Spectator</cite>, Boston, Mass. Money orders + or drafts should be made payable to the <cite class="name">Spectator + Publishing Company</cite>.</p> + + <p>If you are not already a subscriber, send in your + name at once. Only sixty cents for a whole year.</p> + + <p>Show your <cite>Spectator</cite> to your friends and induce + them to subscribe.</p> + + <p>One correspondent writes, “The <cite>Spectator</cite> is + indispensable to us. It has already saved us having + to call in a doctor on three or four occasions by + its plain, common sense directions for the treatment + of disease.”—<cite>American Spectator.</cite></p> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3>SUNDAY LEGISLATION.</h3> + + <p>At the annual meeting of the Free Religious + Association in Boston, “Judge Putnam showed, + in a speech which called out much laughter and + applause, that the Sunday law is not enforced, for + it does not really make our behavior different from + what it would be without it, except in so far as it + permits rascals to refuse to pay notes signed on that + day, or bills for goods then purchased.”</p> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">Mayo’s Vegetable Anæsthetic.</p> + + <p>A perfectly safe and pleasant substitute for chloroform, + ether, nitrous oxide gas, and all other + anæsthetics. Discovered by Dr. U. K. Mayo, April, + 1883, and since administered by him and others in + over 300,000 cases successfully. The youngest child, + the most sensitive lady, and those having heart + disease, and lung complaint, inhale this vapor with + impunity. It stimulates the circulation of the + blood and builds up the tissues. Indorsed by the + highest authority in the professions, recommended + in midwifery and all cases of nervous prostration. + Physicians, surgeons, dentists and private families + supplied with this vapor, liquefied, in cylinders of + various capacities. It should be administered the + same as Nitrous Oxide, but it does not produce + headache and nausea as that sometimes does. For + further information pamphlets, testimonials, etc., + apply to</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_6"><span class="segment">DR. U. K. MAYO, Dentist,</span><br /> + 378 Tremont St., Boston, Mass.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"><a class="pagenum" id="page34" title="34"> </a> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">FACTS,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">A MONTHLY MAGAZINE,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">DEVOTED TO</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">Mental and Spiritual Phenomena,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">INCLUDING</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Dreams, Mesmerism, Psychometry, Clairvoyance, + Clairaudience, Inspiration, Trance, and Physical + Mediumship; Prayer, Mind, and Magnetic + Healing; and all classes of Psychical + Effects.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Single Copies, 10 Cents; $1.00 per year.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">PUBLISHED BY</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">Facts Publishing Company,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">(Drawer 5323,) BOSTON, MASS.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_7">L. L. WHITLOCK, Editor.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">For Sale by COLBY & RICH, 9 Bosworth Street.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">THE</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">CREDIT FONCIER</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">OF SINALOA.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_7"><strong>PUBLISHED AT HAMMONTON, N. J.</strong></p> + + <table class="ad_table_2"> + <tr><td>MARIE HOWLAND</td><td></td></tr> + <tr><td>AND</td><td><span class="name">Editors.</span></td></tr> + <tr><td>EDWARD HOWLAND,</td><td></td></tr> + </table> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">F. L. Browne and T. M. Burger, Printers.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + + + <p>This paper is especially devoted to the interests + of our colonization enterprise, <cite class="name">The Credit + Foncier</cite> of Sinaloa, and generally to the practical + solution of the problem of Integral Co-operation.</p> + <hr class="short" /> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_5"><strong>PRICE:</strong> $1.00 a Year; 50 cents for Six Months; + 25 cents for Three Months.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1" style="float:left;margin-left:20%;">OPIUM</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8"><strong>and MORPHINE HABITS</strong><br /> + EASILY CURED BY A NEW METHOD.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">DR. J. C. HOFFMAN,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_7">JEFFERSON … WISCONSIN.</p> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">Religio-Philosophical Journal.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">ESTABLISHED 1865.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">92 La Salle Street, Chicago,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">By JOHN C. BUNDY,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION IN ADVANCE:</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8"><span class="segment">One copy, one year</span> $2.50</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Single copies, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.</p> + <p class="">All letters and communications should be addressed, + and all remittances made payable to</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">JOHN C. BUNDY, Chicago, Ill.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">A Paper for all who Sincerely and Intelligently + Seek Truth without regard to Sect or Party.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Press, Pulpit, and People Proclaim its Merits.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_7">Concurrent Commendations from Widely Opposite Sources.</p> + <p>Is the ablest Spiritualist paper in America…. + Mr. Bundy has earned the respect of all lovers of the + truth, by his sincerity and courage.—<cite>Boston Evening + Transcript.</cite></p> + <p>I have a most thorough respect for the <strong class="name">Journal</strong>, + and believe its editor and proprietor is disposed to + treat the whole subject of spiritualism fairly.—<cite>Rev. + M. J. Savage (Unitarian) Boston.</cite></p> + <p>I wish you the fullest success in your courageous + course.—<cite>R. Heber Newton, D. D.</cite></p> + <p>Your course has made spiritualism respected by the + secular press as it never has been before, and compelled + an honorable recognition.—<cite>Hudson Tuttle, + Author and Lecturer.</cite></p> + <p>I read your paper every week with great interest.—<cite>H. + W. Thomas, D. D., Chicago.</cite></p> + <p>I congratulate you on the management of the + paper…. I indorse your position as to the investigation + of the phenomena.—<cite>Samuel Watson, D. D., + Memphis, Tenn.</cite></p> + </div> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">THE SPIRITUAL OFFERING,</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">A LARGE EIGHT-PAGE, WEEKLY JOURNAL, DEVOTED + TO THE ADVOCACY OF SPIRITUALISM + IN ITS RELIGIOUS, SCIENTIFIC, AND HUMANITARIAN + ASPECTS.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">COL. D. M. FOX, Publisher.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3"><span class="segment">D. M. & NETTIE P. FOX</span> <strong class="name">Editors</strong>.</p> + + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_5">Prof. Henry Kiddle, No. 7 East 130th St., New York + City.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_5">“Ouina,” through her medium, Mrs. Cora L. V. Richmond, + 64 Union Park Place, Chicago, Ill.</p> + + <p>Among its contributors will be found our oldest and + ablest writers. In it will be found Lectures, Essays + upon Scientific, Philosophical, and Spiritual subjects, + Spirit Communications and Messages.</p> + + <p>A Young Folks’ Department has recently been + added, edited by <em>Ouina</em>, through her medium, Mrs. + Cora L. V. Richmond; also a Department, “<cite class="name">The + Offering’s</cite> School for Young and Old,” A. Danforth, + of Boston, Mass., Principal.</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p><strong class="headline">Terms of Subscription:</strong> Per Year. $2.00; Six + Months, $1.00; Three Months, 50 cents.</p> + + <p>Any person wanting the <cite>Offering</cite>, who is unable to + pay more than $1.50 per annum, and will so notify us, + shall have it at that rate. The price will be the same + if ordered as a present to friends.</p> + + <p>In remitting by mail, a Post-Office Money Order on + Ottumwa, or Draft on a Bank or Banking House in + Chicago or New York City, payable to the order of D. + M. Fox, is preferable to Bank Notes. Single copies 5 + cents; newsdealers 3 cents, payable in advance, + monthly or quarterly.</p> + + <p><strong class="headline">Rates of Advertising.</strong>—Each line of nonpareil + type, 15 cents for first insertion and 10 cents for each + subsequent insertion. Payment in advance.</p> + + <p>☞ The circulation of the <cite class="name">Offering</cite> in every + State and Territory now makes it a very desirable + paper for advertisers. Address,</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">SPIRITUAL OFFERING, Ottumwa, Iowa.</p> + </div> + +</div> + +<div id="transcriber_note"> + <p>Transcriber’s Note: The Table of Contents was copied from + the index to the volume.</p> +</div> + +<div id="the_end"> </div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Buchanan's Journal of Man, July 1887, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF MAN, JULY 1887 *** + +***** This file should be named 27570-h.htm or 27570-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/5/7/27570/ + +Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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