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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/28185-8.txt b/28185-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7020c24 --- /dev/null +++ b/28185-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1753 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, November 4, 1879, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, November 4, 1879 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 25, 2009 [EBook #28185] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, NOV 4, 1879 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: HARPER'S + +YOUNG PEOPLE + +AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.] + + + * * * * * + +VOL. I.--NO. 1. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR +CENTS. + +Tuesday, November 4, 1879. Copyright, 1879, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 +per Year, in Advance. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: "TONI HIRZEL HASTENED OUT OF THE COTTAGE."--DRAWN BY +C. S. REINHART.] + +THE BRAVE SWISS BOY. + +_I.--THE SWISS PEASANT AND HIS SON._ + + +The first beams of the morning sun were tipping with fire the jagged and +icy peaks of the Wellhorn and Matterhorn, those gigantic monarchs of the +Bernese Oberland, when a slender youth came out to the door of a small +herdsman's cottage near Meyringen, and looked up at the sky to note the +weather. + +"We shall have a splendid day, father," said he, after glancing all +around for a few minutes. "There isn't a cloud to be seen, and the +fir-trees sparkle like silver in the morning air." + +"I am glad to hear it, Walter," replied a powerful voice from inside the +cottage, "for I must cross the hill to Grindelwald to-day to see my +cousin. It is a long journey, and much pleasanter in fine weather than +in rain and fog. You can let out the goats, and look after the cow, for +we must milk them before I go." + +"Oh, Liesli is not far off," was the rejoinder; "I see her coming along; +she is passing Frieshardt's house now. She is a good cow, and always +knows when it's milking-time. But what is that?" he exclaimed, after a +short pause. "Frieshardt is driving her into his yard!--Hi, neighbor! +what are you doing? Don't you know whom that cow belongs to?" + +"Yes, of course I do," replied the farmer, roughly. "But I've taken a +fancy to the cow, and mean to keep her. You can tell your father that, +if you like, and say that if he wants her he can come and fetch her." + +"Father! father!" cried the boy, turning round, "Neighbor Frieshardt has +taken our cow away. Come and get her back." + +Obeying his son's call, Toni Hirzel hastened out of the cottage just in +time to see his neighbor locking the byre upon Liesli, the only cow he +possessed. "Oho, my friend," he exclaimed, "what is the meaning of +this?" + +"Don't you understand, Hirzel?" replied his neighbor, in a mocking and +sarcastic tone. "Recollect what you promised me the other day. You have +been owing me forty francs since last winter, and said you would pay me +yesterday. But as you have forgotten it, I have taken your cow, and mean +to keep her till I get the money back." + +Toni Hirzel frowned and bit his lips. "You know very well," said he, +"that I have not been able to pay my small debt. My poor wife's illness +and funeral cost me a great deal of money; but you know quite well that +I am an honest man, and that there is no need for you to behave in such +an unkind and unfriendly way toward me. It is not neighborly, +Frieshardt." + +"Neighborly nonsense!" replied the farmer. "The cow belongs to me until +you pay the money." + +With these words he turned on his heel and went into his house, the size +and general appearance of which bespoke the comfort, if not the luxury, +of its owner. With a sad and anxious expression Toni Hirzel followed him +with his eye. + +"But, father," said the youth, in surprise and anger, "do you mean +quietly to put up with that? I wouldn't suffer it, if I were you." + +"Hush, hush, my boy!" replied his father quietly. "It is certainly not +very kind of Frieshardt to treat a poor neighbor in such a harsh way; +but he has the law on his side, for I can't deny that I owe him the +money. I should have paid him long ago if it had been possible, but your +poor mother's illness and death prevented me. We must have patience. I +dare say my cousin will lend me the forty francs if I ask him, and then +we shall get our cow back again. Don't be afraid, Watty. You shall see +Liesli feeding in the meadow again to-morrow." + +"Yes, that she shall, father," said the boy, in a decided tone. "She +shall be brought back whether you get the money or not. Frieshardt shall +give her up to-day, and be thoroughly ashamed into the bargain for his +hard-heartedness. He has got forty cows on the hills, and yet robs a +poor neighbor of the only one he has got. What harm have we done him, +that he should treat us in such a way?" + +"I will tell you, Watty, for you are now growing tall and sensible, so +that one can talk to you," replied his father. "He has envied me the +possession of Liesli for a long time, for she is the best cow in the +whole neighborhood; and he offered me two hundred francs for her last +autumn. As I wouldn't sell her, he has seized her now, thinking that I +can't pay him the money he has lent me. If I were to go to law with him, +the cow would be valued, and he would only pay me what she is worth over +and above the debt. That is his calculation. But I hope he will soon +find that he has made a great mistake." + +"Yes, I hope he will, father," said the boy. "Go over to Grindelwald +quietly, but don't be annoyed if you can't borrow the money. I tell you +that I will get the cow back this very day; and you know, father, that +when I say so I mean it." + +"I hope you haven't got any foolish plans in your head, Watty," said his +father. "It is of no use trying force against our neighbor, for he is to +a certain extent in the right." + +"I am not thinking of using force," said the boy. "Leave the matter to +me, and go quietly on your journey. I know perfectly well what I am +going to do, and you may be certain that it is nothing wrong." + +The tall and ruddy youth looked at his father with such a steady and +open expression that all his fears were silenced. "Well, you are no +longer a child, Walter," said he. "You were sixteen last May, and ought +to have come to years of discretion. But I should very much like to know +what plan you have got in your head. Won't you tell me, boy?" + +"You shall hear to-night, after you come back, father," replied Walter, +smiling. "But I assure you again that there is nothing wrong or wicked +in it, and give you my hand upon it." + +"Well, then, do whatever you have a mind to," said his father. "I must +not lose any more time, or it will be too late before I get back. +Farewell, my boy, and see that you don't play any roguish tricks." + +With these words the peasant took his alpenstock, as the long +iron-pointed stick is named which is used for crossing the ice-fields, +and set forth. + +"Good-by, my dear father," said the boy, gazing after him until a turn +in the road hid him from view. "It is better that you should go away +quietly and without anxiety. If I had told you what I am going to do, +you would have been vexed and nervous, and have tried to turn me from +it. But now I shall have nothing to hinder me, and I can set to work in +earnest. I will milk the goats first, though, that the poor animals may +not suffer till I get back." + +Obedient to his loud call, the goats came frisking along; and after +having relieved them of their milk, Walter drank some, ate a little +black bread to it, and then put the rest of the milk in a flat pan, +which he set carefully in the cool cellar. When the goats had returned +to the hills, and were clambering from crag to crag in search of grass +and herbage, Walter slung a light hunting bag across his shoulder, stuck +a small axe with a short handle into his belt, and a knife into his +pocket, filled a bottle with goat's milk, and then cut off a large hunch +of bread and placed it with the bottle in his bag. He then selected a +stout alpenstock and tried it carefully, to see if the iron point was +sharp and strong. When these preparations were made, he looked for a +piece of thin strong cord, such as the chamois-hunters take with them on +their dangerous Alpine journeys, put it into his bag beside the bread +and milk, and quitted the cottage, the door of which he bolted on the +outside. + +The cottage was about half an hour's walk from the inn on the road from +Meyringen to Grindelwald, and thither the stout-hearted youth turned his +steps. The sun was still low in the east when he arrived, for it was +early in the morning; but a number of horses and mules stood at the door +of the inn waiting for their riders. Several guides were loitering +about, ready to conduct travellers either to the steep heights lying +above the village, down to the beautiful water-falls of the Reichenbach, +or to the village of Meyringen. + +"Well, Watty Hirzel," said one of the guides in answer to the boy's +salute, "I suppose you want to earn a couple of francs to-day, as you +have come armed with alpenstock and game bag? You couldn't have chosen a +better day. Every room in the inn is full, and you will easily get +somebody to take to the glaciers or anywhere else." + +"No, no, Mohrle," replied the boy; "I haven't come to take your trade +away from you; I only want to speak to Mr. Seymour, the gentleman from +Scotland who has been staying here for about a month. He hasn't left +yet, I hope?" + +"No; there he is at the window," said the guide. "But you won't be able +to earn anything from him, for he knows all the roads of the Oberland as +well as any of us. What do you want to speak to him about?" + +"You will find that out in the evening, perhaps, when you come back," +replied Walter. "It is a secret at present." + +"Aha! I understand. You have discovered the track of a chamois, and are +going to take the gentleman to see if he can get a shot at it. He seems +quite mad upon hunting, and I dare say you will get a five-franc piece +if you help him." + +"Very likely, Mohrle," replied the youth, with a laugh; and then bowed +to the gentleman, who stood at a window of the inn surveying the lively +scene below. Opening the window, he beckoned to the boy, who bowed +again, and went into the house. + +"He is a sharp boy," said the guide to one of his companions. "There are +not many lads in the Oberland who are as bold and active in climbing as +he is. And no one can beat him for deer-stalking. But it's no wonder, +for Toni Hirzel, his father, is the best chamois-hunter in this part of +the country." + +"Yes, he is a brave fellow," was the reply. "I know his father well. +There isn't a cleverer sportsman in the mountains; but it's a dangerous +life, and I shouldn't like to change places with him. It is much more +comfortable to show strangers the sights; there is less peril and a +great deal more profit in it." + +"And yet I would wager anything that Toni wouldn't change places with +us," replied the first speaker. "He told me only a week ago that it was +impossible to give up the hunting life. 'My father and grandfather both +lost their lives by it,' said he, 'and I know I sha'n't fare any better; +but whenever I see the track of a chamois, I must be off after it.' That +is the way with all your chamois-hunters." + +"Well, may God long preserve him from such an awful death!" said the +other. "But there comes our party. Look after your horse, Mohrle." + +The conversation was thus abruptly cut short. The ladies and gentlemen +mounted the animals that were waiting for them, and in a few minutes the +space in front of the inn was cleared of the busy throng. + +"Now, then," said the young Scotchman, whose attention had been occupied +with the company which had just left, and who now turned to Walter. +"Has your father discovered some new tracks, and sent you to tell me?" + +"No, Sir. I have come to ask you if you were in earnest the other day, +and if you really wish to have a vulture's brood." + +"A vulture's brood, boy?" inquired the Scotchman, with eager and +sparkling eyes. "Have you discovered one?" + +"Yes, Sir," replied the youth. "I have clambered up among the wild +ravines of the Engelhorn for several days, and yesterday I descried a +spot where I am pretty certain there is an eyrie. If so, the young birds +must be well fledged already; so it won't do to lose much time in +getting them." + +"Well, go and fetch them, then," exclaimed the gentleman, hastily. "I +have set my mind upon having a couple of young vultures." + +"And you shall have them, if Heaven preserves my feet from slipping and +my hand from trembling," said the boy. "But I must first know what you +are willing to give me for the birds." + +"I have already told you that you shall have thirty francs if you bring +them here alive." + +Walter shook his head. "That is not enough, Sir," he replied. "I can't +do it for that. I must have forty francs." + +A smile almost of contempt passed over the lips of Mr. Seymour. "So +young, and already so greedy!" said he. "Begone! I hate avarice, and +will rather lose the birds than be cheated in such a way." + +Walter blushed deeply. His feelings were so wounded by these words that +his heart swelled as if it would burst, and his eyes filled with tears. +But with a vigorous effort he controlled himself, and gave a quiet +answer. "It is not greed or avarice that makes me ask for more money. +You condemn me unjustly, Sir." + +"What else, then, can it be?" inquired Mr. Seymour, angrily. + +In a few simple words Walter described the harsh conduct of the neighbor +who had taken away his father's cow for a debt of forty francs, and said +that he had hoped the stranger would readily give the trifling sum of +ten francs more if he only knew how dangerous it was to attempt the +vulture's eyrie. While he spoke, the angry look gradually disappeared +from the traveller's face, and he smiled with friendliness and goodwill +upon the boy. + +"And you will expose yourself to this danger to serve your father?" he +inquired. + +"Yes, Sir; I have made up my mind to do so." + +"But is it so very dangerous to get at the nest?" + +"So dangerous that I couldn't make up my mind to it yesterday," replied +Walter. "It is built on one of the steepest crags of the Engelhorn, and +can only be reached by a very narrow ridge of rock with dreadful +precipices on both sides." + +"And you are going to risk your life to help your father to pay the +money he owes?" + +"Yes; and I am not afraid, if I can only be sure of the reward." + +"Well, then, that alters my opinion. Bring me the young vultures, and +the forty francs are yours." + +Walter warmly thanked the liberal stranger for his generosity, and was +about to leave the room; but, surprised at the boy's courage, and +perhaps alarmed at the idea of exposing him to such frightful peril, Mr. +Seymour called him back. + +"I have changed my mind," said he: "I really have no use for the birds, +at least not at present, and I dare say you will be able to discover +another nest that can be got at without so much danger; and to tell you +the truth, I don't care about having such young ones. Go quietly home, +my boy. But why do you look so sorrowful and alarmed? Oh, I see: you are +afraid of losing the money. No, no; I didn't mean that. Take these two +gold coins--they are a present from me--that will just make up the sum +that your father wants." + +Walter stood as if thunder-struck, unable to understand such generosity, +and thought the stranger was joking with him in giving such a large sum +for nothing. + +"Take it, my boy--take it," said Mr. Seymour, smiling. "Your father must +and shall be assisted in his difficulty, for he must be a good man to +have such a brave and affectionate son. But the life of a human being +can't be risked for the sake of a couple of stupid birds." + +In surprise and confusion Walter took the money, expressed his +thankfulness in a few mumbled words, and shuffled out of the room. When +he reached the open air, he recovered his self-possession to some +extent, and holding the gold coins fast in one hand, threw his cap up in +the air with the other, uttered a loud shout of joy, and bounded +homeward again at the top of his speed. Having reached the cottage, he +put the money in a corner of the cupboard in which his father kept his +small stock of cash, locked the door, and put the key in a place of +safety, and then left the cottage again. + +"Now everything is in first-rate order," said he to himself. "Father +will be sure to find the money when he comes back, and I shall have +plenty of time to see how the vulture's nest is to be got at. Mr. +Seymour shall have the birds, no matter what trouble and danger it may +cost me. He shall soon see that I am neither selfish nor unthankful to +him for his generosity." + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + * * * * * + + +="I can Swim, Sir."=--During a terrible naval battle between the English +and the Dutch, the English flag-ship, commanded by Admiral Narborough, +was drawn into the thickest of the fight. Two masts were soon shot away, +and the mainmast fell with a fearful crash upon the deck. Admiral +Narborough saw that all was lost unless he could bring up his ships from +the right. Hastily scrawling an order, he called for volunteers to swim +across the boiling water, under the hail of shot and shell. A dozen +sailors at once offered their services, and among them a cabin-boy. +"Why," said the admiral, "what can you do, my fearless lad?" "I can +swim, Sir," the boy replied; "if I be shot, I can be easier spared than +any one else." Narborough hesitated; his men were few, and his position +desperate. The boy plunged into the sea, amid the cheers of the sailors, +and was soon lost to sight. The battle raged fiercer, and, as the time +went on, defeat seemed inevitable. But, just as hope was fading, a +thundering cannonade was heard from the right, and the reserves were +seen bearing down upon the enemy. By sunset the Dutch fleet was +scattered far and wide, and the cabin-boy, the hero of the hour, was +called in to receive the honor due to him. His bearing so won the heart +of the old admiral that he exclaimed, "I shall live to see you have a +flag-ship of your own." The prediction was fulfilled when the cabin-boy, +having become Admiral Cloudesley Shovel, was knighted by the king. + + + + +THE GOLDEN GLOVE. + + +There was a young, rich, and beautiful lady who was about to be married +to a lord. A day or two before the wedding the lord brought his friend, +a gallant and handsome young farmer, to see the lady of his choice. The +lady fell in love at first sight with the farmer, and ere they parted, +the farmer was as deep in love with her. + +When the morning of the wedding had come, the lady, love-sick for the +young farmer, instead of betaking herself to the kirk to be married, +took to her bed, and the wedding was put off. Nevertheless, in the +afternoon, she disguised her face, and dressing herself in manly +apparel, went with cross-bow on her shoulder, and with her dogs at her +heels, to hunt on the grounds of the young farmer, which were part of +her own estate. + +She crossed and recrossed the fields, whistled and hallooed to her dogs, +without meeting the farmer. As she was beginning to fear that he was +absent, and was about to withdraw, she met him coming up the road. + +She professed to be surprised to see him, as she understood he was to be +at the wedding to give away the bride to the lord. + +"Ah!" said the young farmer, with a sigh, "I would she were as poor as +myself, that I might ask her to give herself to me." + +"Are you, then, in love with the promised bride of the young lord your +friend? How would you answer to him, should the lady favor your hopes?" +said she. + +"With sword and axe I would give him a meeting, and let the best man +win." + +[Illustration: "HERE IS A GLOVE I PICKED UP ON THE WAY."] + +At parting, the lady drew from her pocket a glove embroidered with gold, +and said to the farmer, "Here is a glove I picked up on the way thither; +as I am a stranger here, I will leave it with you in order that you may +find the owner." + +Next day she sent out the crier to say that she had lost a glove +embroidered with gold, and that she would take the man who found it for +her husband, if the man were willing. + +The young farmer heard the proclamation, and, half wild with joy, and +half doubting his good fortune, took his way to the house of the lady. +He presented the glove, and modestly reminded her of the reward promised +to the finder, and although that reward was far above his hopes, it was +what his heart most ardently desired. + +Before he left her, she confirmed the promise of the crier, and agreed +to take him for her husband. The report was soon spread abroad, and +coming to the young lord's ears, he demanded that the farmer should +resign his claim to the lady, or else meet him in single combat. + +The farmer answered that he would never resign the lady while there was +breath in his body, but that he would meet the young lord when and where +he pleased, and with whatever weapons he liked to choose. + +Swords and bucklers being chosen, on the day appointed for the fight the +lord and the farmer, accompanied by their seconds, or shield-bearers, +and their friends, met to settle their difference. With the assistance +of their shields the combatants warded off each other's blows for some +time, but at last the farmer clove his adversary's shield in twain, and +following up his advantage, brought the young lord to his knees by a +blow on his helmet. + +Then putting his sword to his throat, he made the young lord resign all +claim to the lady, and beg his own life. + +Soon the handsome young farmer and the rich and beautiful lady were +married, and after a time she told him of her device of the glove, and +how the game that she hunted that day with her dogs and her cross-bow +was the young farmer himself. Both agreed that for the hunter and the +hunted that hunting was the happiest that had ever been undertaken in +Thulê. + + * * * * * + + +=Nature's Barometers.=--Certain movements on the part of the animal +creation before a change of weather appear to indicate a reasoning +faculty. Such seems to be the case with the common garden spider, which, +on the approach of rainy or windy weather, will be found to shorten and +strengthen the guys of his web, lengthening the same when the storm is +over. There is a popular superstition that it is unlucky for an angler +to meet a single magpie, but two of the birds together are a good omen. +The reason is that the birds foretell the coming of cold or stormy +weather, and at such times, instead of searching for food for their +young in pairs, one will always remain on the nest. Sea-gulls predict +storms by assembling on the land, as they know that the rain will bring +earth-worms and larvæ to the surface. This, however, is merely a search +for food, and is due to the same instinct which teaches the swallow to +fly high in fine weather, and skim along the ground when foul is coming. +They simply follow the flies and gnats, which remain in the warm strata +of the air. The different tribes of wading birds always migrate before +rain, likewise to hunt for food. Many birds foretell rain by warning +cries and uneasy actions, and swine will carry hay and straw to +hiding-places, oxen will lick themselves the wrong way of the hair, +sheep will bleat and skip about, hogs turned out in the woods will come +grunting and squealing, colts will rub their backs against the ground, +crows will gather in crowds, crickets will sing more loudly, flies come +into the house, frogs croak and change color to a dingier hue, dogs eat +grass, and rooks soar like hawks. It is probable that many of these +actions are due to actual uneasiness, similar to that which all who are +troubled with corns or rheumatism experience before a storm, and are +caused both by the variation in barometric pressure and the changes in +the electrical condition of the atmosphere. + + * * * * * + + +=Slain by her Defender.=--During King William's wars on the Continent, +soon after the Revolution, it was usual, at the end of the campaign, for +both armies to retire into winter-quarters, and numbers got leave of +absence to go home and see their friends. Among others who availed +themselves of this privilege was a young Highland officer, whose +relations lived in the upper parts of Perthshire. He visited about in +that district, and entertained his friends by talking of the battles in +which he had fought, and the wonderful events he had witnessed; and he +everywhere met with the most cordial reception. He was at last invited +to the house of a gentleman who had an only daughter, whose beauty was +the universal theme of admiration. He there, as usual, recited his +martial feats, till, like Othello, he made an impression on the young +lady, which the gallant soldier soon perceived, and he contrived to +settle a plan with her for their eloping together at midnight. They got +off unperceived, and having travelled several miles, they at last came +to an inn, where they thought they might refresh themselves in safety. +The enraged father, however, as soon as he had discovered his daughter's +flight, assembled men, and pursued the fugitives with such speed and +eagerness that he overtook them soon after they got into the inn. The +lover, though he had nobody to support him, yet was determined not to +yield up his mistress, and being well armed, and an excellent swordsman, +he resolved to resist any attack made upon him. When the party pursuing +entered the inn, his mistress ran for protection behind him; but as he +was preparing to give a deadly stroke, the point of the sword accidently +struck her a violent blow, and she instantly expired at his feet. Upon +seeing what had happened, he immediately surrendered himself, saying he +did not wish to live, his earthly pleasure being gone. He was executed +the next day, but we fail to perceive on what ground, either of justice +or of humanity. + + + + +THE PREAY CHAMBER. + +By An Old Boy. + + +Before I had been long at Mr. Gray's boarding-school, to which I was +sent when I was a very young boy, and which was very different from such +schools as St. Paul's, I heard of a mysterious and horrible place +called, as the boys said, the Preay Chamber. We supposed it to be a +gloomy and awful dungeon, but nobody knew just where it was, and nobody +pretended that he had ever been imprisoned in it. The truth was that it +was thought to be a punishment so dreadful that whenever a boy was +sentenced to the chamber of torture, good, motherly Mrs. Gray, whom we +all loved, always interceded for the culprit. Good woman, how we did +bless her! + +I am an old boy now, but all younger boys will understand how easy it +was for me one evening when we were all marching out from tea, and I +passed close by the table with the open sugar bowl upon it, to raise my +hand quietly, without stopping or looking, seize a lump of sugar, and +let my hand drop again. + +"Joe!" instantly shouted Mr. Gray, who sat in his chair watching us as +we filed out. + +"Yes, Sir." + +"Come here, Joe, and all the boys remain." + +I was a little fellow of seven years old, and I pity my poor little +self as I look back upon that moment. I advanced to the master's chair, +and stood before him in the presence of the school, with my guilty right +hand closed at my side. There was awful silence as the master said, + +"Joe, what have you in your hand?" + +"Nothing, Sir." + +"Joe, hold out your right hand." + +I held it out. + +"Now, Joe, you say that there is nothing in your hand?" + +"Yes, Sir." + +"Open your hand, Joe." + +I opened it, and the lump of sugar dropped to the floor. + +It was the first lie I had ever told, and my terror and shame were such +that the recollection has been a kind of good angel to me ever since. +The master said a few solemn words, the justice of which my poor little +heart could not deny, although he had exposed me to a cruel ordeal; and +then, with an air like that of a Lord Chief Justice putting on the black +cap to sentence a murderer to death, he concluded: "Joe, you must be +severely punished. Go to Mrs. Gray, and tell her that you are to go to +the Preay Chamber." + +There was a silent shudder of sympathy among the boys as I departed; and +finding Mrs. Gray, I told her, with sobs of terror, my doom. The good +woman listened kindly; and then, with the tenderness of a mother, she +pointed out to me the meanness of the theft and of the falsehood, and we +both sat and cried together. Then she said, "Joe, I am sure that you see +that you have done wrong, and that you are very sorry, and don't mean to +do so any more." + +I was utterly broken down, and sobbed in a kind of hysterical paroxysm. + +"Now, Joe, go back to Mr. Gray, tell him that we have been talking +together, and that you are truly sorry, and will try to do better, and +that this time, and for my sake, I hope that you may be let off from +the Preay Chamber." + +I went back, and with tears and catchings of the breath I repeated the +message. Mr. Gray listened; and when I had done, he said: + +"Joe, you are a very naughty boy; but as you say that you are sorry, and +will try to mend, and as dear Mrs. Gray intercedes for you, you need not +go this time to the Preay Chamber. But remember, it is only for this +time." + +I was like a victim suddenly released from the stake, and the narrow +escape I had had from the mysterious chamber of doom made that dungeon +still more awful. There were very few sentences to the chamber +afterward, and gradually its name disappeared from our talk and from our +fear. Now and then some boy asked, "What has become of the Preay +Chamber?" But nobody answered. If an older boy asked Mr. or Mrs. Gray, +they only smiled, and said nothing. The terror gradually died away, and +the chamber of horrors became a mere legend. Long afterward it was known +that it was all a kindly but deceitful understanding between Mr. and +Mrs. Gray. If a young boy did wrong, and it was thought that reproof and +the mere dread of punishment would be penalty severe enough, it was +agreed that Mr. Gray would send the offender to Mrs. Gray to be immured +in the Preay Chamber. That message was a hint to her to beg--or, in the +French language, _prier_--that for this once the culprit, upon his +promise to do better, should be pardoned. + +There is no doubt that the fear of the chamber exercised some restraint +upon mischievous boys. But it was a kind of deceit which is in itself +mischievous. The very name still haunts my imagination, although I am a +bald-headed old boy, for what the most secret chamber of the Inquisition +was to the timid heretic, the Preay Chamber was to the little boy I used +to be. + + + + +[Illustration: CHESTNUTTING.--DRAWN BY W. P. SNYDER.] + + + + +[Illustration] + +THE STORY OF A PARROT. + + +The children were thinking of something very important. Anybody could +see that. Papa and mamma wondered why they were so serious and silent at +the breakfast table, and mamma was astonished when Carrie, and even +little Hope, begged to walk part of the way to school with Louis, +because they had never thought of doing such a thing before. Louis was a +bright-faced, rosy-cheeked boy of ten years, Carrie was eight, and +little Hope was only six. Mamma was always very kind to her little +folks, and as the morning was sunny, she said they might go if they +would put on their heavy shoes and their cloaks and hoods, for there was +a white crisp frost all over the grass. Mamma watched them with pride as +they scampered down the garden path leading from the front piazza to the +street, but had she heard their conversation she might have staid at +home from the party she was going to that evening, and put a veto on +their grand plan. + +"Now, Louis," said Carrie, as soon as they were away from the house, +"you know you promised to sit up with Hope and me to-night and listen, +because nurse says at midnight all birds and beasts talk so children can +understand every word; and papa and mamma are going to a party, and they +won't come home until ever so late." + +"Nonsense!" said Louis, who felt very much wiser than Carrie, she being +to his mind "only a girl;" "I don't believe nurse's story. I can always +understand what Fritz says, and I say he can not bow-wow any plainer +than he did this morning when he bid me good-by." + +"Yes, he can," persisted Carrie. "Nurse says so, and she knows, for her +grandfather told her all about it when she was a little bit of a girl, +and he was a real old, old man. If people believed it so many years ago, +it must be true." + +Louis's confidence in his own wisdom was somewhat weakened by the +thought of nurse's grandfather, but, boy-like, he only began to sing +tauntingly: + + "Into woods where beasts can talk, + I went out to take a walk." + +"I'm going to stay awake anyway, and talk to my kitty," said little +Hope, "because I know what nurse said is true. I saw my kitty laugh when +she heard nurse say it." Carrie was silent. She walked at Louis's side, +kicking the pebbles of the gravelled path with her feet. + +"Oh, if you girls are going to make such a fuss about it, I'll sit up +with you," said Louis; "and if nurse's grandfather said so," he added, +hesitatingly, "perhaps it is true, after all. He was a very old man, and +he must have known." + +"Of course he knew," said Carrie, "for nurse said he had a cow, a red +and white one, that told him lots of things every year on this very +night." + +After the mention of the red and white cow, Louis made no more +opposition, and the children soon separated, Louis to spend the day in +school while Carrie and Hope scampered home, said their lessons to +mamma, and then went to play with Fritz, the big dog, Bess, the white +kitty, Lorito, a large gray parrot, and the new canary which papa had +bought only the day before. + +When evening came papa and mamma went to the party, and nurse, who had +forgotten all about her grandfather and the red and white cow, wondered +why the children went to bed so willingly, for they were sometimes very +willful, and made nurse a great deal of trouble when she undressed them. +She was very glad they were good to-night, because, as "missis" was +away, she had made up her mind to go to a party herself, the house-maid +having promised to run up to the nursery if she heard the children +calling. There was little danger, however, that they would call for a +drink of water or anything else that night, for as they were not in the +least sure of nurse's sympathy in their midnight vigil, they had agreed +to go to bed as quiet as mice and watch their chance of slipping +unobserved to the library, where their pets spent the night. Long after +nurse had gone down stairs, and when the house was very, very still, +Carrie sat up in bed and gently called her brother, who slept in a +little room of his own adjoining the nursery. + +"Louis! Louis!" she said. + +"Oh, don't bother," answered Louis. "It won't be midnight for ever so +long." + +"But if we stay in bed we shall go to sleep. Hope is half asleep now." + +"No, I'm not sleepy," said little Hope, "and I'm going to get my kitty +and go right down to the library this very minute." She rolled out of +bed, and went to the basket in the corner where kitty was fast asleep, +and bundled her up in her little fat arms. + +The children all started to creep down stairs, but they shrank back a +little from the dimly lighted hall below, which somehow did not look a +bit as it did in the daytime. "Come on," said Louis, who felt very grand +as the protector of his sisters; "I've brought my new bow and arrow, and +if there is a villain there, you'll see how quick I'll lay him out. I'm +not afraid, anyway, where Fritz is," he added, half to himself. They +marched along very softly, their little bare feet sinking into the soft +velvet carpet. Louis went boldly ahead with his bow and arrow. Carrie +followed, her jet-black hair streaming down over her white night dress, +and little Hope came close behind, hugging her white kitty, who winked +in astonishment at this strange proceeding. When they reached the +library, Fritz, who was stretched on the Turkish rug before the grate, +in which a piece of English coal was burning slowly, rose to his feet, +amazed at the unusual sight; but he was too lazy for a frolic at that +hour, and after a soft "wuf-wuf" he lay down and went to sleep again. +The library was dimly lighted, and wore an air of wonder and mystery to +the now excited children. Rique, the canary, was curled into a little +round yellow ball, and paid no attention to his visitors. Lorito, who +was perched in a big gilded cage in the corner, had his beak buried in +his feathers and his eyes shut fast. He opened his eyes, however, when +the children came near, and put down his head to be rubbed, but after a +few sleepy grunts he said, "Poor Lorito, poor Lorito," and shut his eyes +again. Evidently the children's pets had no inclination to be sociable +just at present. Just then the ormolu clock on the mantel-piece struck +ten. + +"We shall have to wait ever so long," said Louis, "because they won't +talk till midnight. Let's lie down on the rug with Fritz." + +So the three children cuddled close to the big dog and waited. Louis +pulled mamma's blue and red afghan from the lounge, and after tucking it +carefully over his little sisters, crawled under it himself, and-- + +"Bow-wow," said Fritz. "Who's got a story to tell, I wonder? I'm not +going to tell one, that's very certain, for I scratched my throat this +morning with a chicken bone." + +"Mew-mew," said the white kitty. "I've done lots of work to-day. I +unwound a big ball of green worsted for my little mistress, and I'm +tired. Let somebody else do the talking." + +"Peep," said the canary. "I'm a stranger; I only arrived yesterday, and +I ought to be entertained. Some other time I will tell you all my +adventures, but to-night I prefer to listen. I would like to hear from +that gray-coated gentleman over there in the corner, for as he is a very +distant relation of mine, both of us belonging to the great bird family, +I would, I am sure, take great interest in his history." + +"Lorito, you will have to do all the talking to-night," said Fritz and +the white kitty both at once. "Tell our new friend Rique all the +wonderful things you have seen, and all the strange adventures you have +been through." + +Thus entreated, the gray parrot, after flapping his wings several times, +in a lazy manner, began to tell his history. + +[Illustration: "PAPA BROUGHT THE MATERIALS."] + +[Illustration: PAPA FEEDING MAMMA.] + +"I will begin my story," said the gray parrot, "with the good old times +when my grandfather and grandmother lived in the hollow of a giant tree +which grew in the valley of the Congo, whose broad waters flow downward +through the wildernesses of Southern Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. My +grandfather belonged to a very large family, which was increasing +rapidly; indeed, the gray parrots of Africa, with their magnificent +crimson tails, are the chief glory of the country. The children of my +grandfather were very numerous, and no father was kinder or more +skillful than he in providing them with an independent establishment, +for he believed that young people should always set up housekeeping for +themselves as soon as possible. As soon, therefore, as my father was old +enough to be married, and grandpa saw that he had already selected a +pretty wife, he immediately found him a convenient hollow tree on the +very shore of our beautiful river, which he showed to papa and mamma, +saying, 'My children, here is a fine place for your housekeeping; make +your nest at once.' Papa and mamma were a very affectionate couple, and +they aided each other in the work of nest-building. Papa brought the +materials--moss, twigs, and soft grasses--and mamma arranged them +artistically in the interior of the hollow tree, making a pretty and +comfortable apartment. The nest was soon complete, and housekeeping +began. Papa and mamma were not a moment too soon in their preparations, +for no sooner was the nest constructed than it contained three eggs. +Beautiful little eggs they were, papa has often told me, and mamma never +contradicted him. I was in one of those three eggs. My brother and my +sister were in the other two. Mamma kept us warm with the greatest care, +while papa brought her food like a good husband, always choosing the +particular fruits and other delicacies she preferred. As this attention +allowed her to brood us constantly under her warm wings, we soon became +ambitious to escape from our shells. One beautiful morning, to the great +delight of my parents, I burst the delicate prison walls which confined +me. My brother and sister made their appearance in the world a day +later." + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +THE BOY'S TELESCOPE. + + +The parson's boys were very fond of astronomy. They knew the chief +constellations, and kept the place of the planets as they moved along +among the stars. When their father told them how splendidly the moon and +the planets look through a telescope, they were sadly disappointed to +learn that a telescope costs so much money that he could not think of +buying even one of the smallest size. Happening to hint that _perhaps_ +one might be made at home at small expense which would show the moon in +new light and bring Jupiter's moons to sight, they gave him no rest till +he had agreed that he would "see about it." + +A few days afterward he showed the boys two common tin tubes which the +stove man had just made. One was about one inch and a half in diameter, +and about thirty inches long; the other was about twelve inches long, +and just enough smaller to slip inside the first, and move easily out +and in. The inside of both was painted black, so that there would be no +reflecting of light inside. It is better--he told the boys--to paint the +inside, if possible, after the tube is made, because the rolling and +pounding in shaping and soldering the tube are likely to make the paint +crack off. Then he took out of his pocket a paper, and unrolled a round +spectacle glass, just big enough to slip into the end of the larger +tube. "What's that?" the children exclaimed, all at once. "This is the +object-glass of our telescope," was the answer. "The light from the +object comes through this into the tube. It is a thirty-six-inch glass; +that is, it brings the rays together at a distance of thirty-six +inches." Frank held it up to the sun, which was getting low, and when +the rays began to burn his hand, Walter brought the yard-stick, and it +was just about thirty-six inches from the glass to the spot on his hand +where he felt the heat. That was the _focus_ of the glass. While the +boys were wondering how the object-glass was to be fastened into the +tube, the parson was already doing it. He had the tinman cut slits in +the end about an eighth of an inch wide and almost twice as deep. Every +other one of these he doubled back inside the tube, and pressed down +with pincers, so that there should be nothing sticking out in the way of +the moon and stars if they should try to get in. These made a rest for +the glass, so that it couldn't slip into the tube. Then he bent the +other slits down over the edge of the glass, but not so as to shut out +any light, and these slits held the glass firmly. + +The boys, of course, now wished to see whether the steeple of the church +looked any bigger through this tube and object-glass. They couldn't see +it so well as with the naked eye, and feared the new telescope was a +failure. But their father told them it was too soon yet to vote on that +question. He told Frank to hold out his hand, and see whether the sun +would burn his hand through the glass and tube, as it did through the +glass alone. It did. "Now," said he, "if you hold this tube up to +Jupiter, at thirty-six inches from the glass there will be a very small +image of him and his moons. If we could only see that image or picture +through a microscope, we might see the moons as plainly as we see +Jupiter himself with the naked eye." + +"Why won't our microscope do?" asked Walter. + +The parson said we couldn't get the image and the microscope together +rightly; but while he was explaining, he was also unrolling another +paper, out of which came a big bulging glass almost as round as a boy's +eye. The edges of this had been ground down so that it would go into the +end of the small tube, and it was fastened in just as the other was, +only the slits needed to be a little longer, because the glass was +thicker. This was a one-inch eyeglass; that is, it must be an inch from +the object or image at which you are looking. He then cut in a piece of +paper a round hole about as big as a shirt button, and pasted this over +the eyeglass, and covered the end of the tube around, so that no light +could come in there except through this small opening in the paper, +which was so put on that the eye must look through the middle of the +glass. He also pasted some strips of brown paper around the other end of +the telescope, jutting over the object-glass just enough to keep it from +breaking, and to prevent any light from coming through the edges, but +not letting the paper touch this glass, as it did the eyeglass. The +object-glass wants all the light it can get. + +The boys had the first look; but they could see nothing, though the +woods to which the glass was turned were yet visible. + +"What's the focus of the glasses?" asked the parson. + +"Thirty-six inches and one inch," was the correct answer. + +The boys marked where the thirty-six inches ended, measuring from the +object-glass. They then brought the eyeglass up to within about an inch +of that, and looked through it again. + +"Oh-oh-oo!" exclaimed Frank: "I see the trees so near that I can get +hold of them, but they're bottom side up!" + +"Yes," said their father, "but that will make little difference when +looking at Jupiter or the moon." + +They all had to wait what seemed a long time for the darkness to come, +and let the stars appear. When the parson returned from the post-office +after tea, he said it would be impossible to hold the tube in the hands +_steadily_ enough to see the planets plainly. So he found a strip of +board about a foot long and two or three inches wide, which was hollowed +out on one side. Into this hollow he fixed the tube by common tacks and +small wire. Then through the middle of this strip he bored a large +gimlet hole, and put in a long screw, and went to the workshop in the +basement to make a standard into which to screw the strip which held the +tube. He couldn't find nor make just what he wanted soon enough--the +boys said that "Jupiter had just come out clear"--and so he caught the +first box he could lay hold of, and screwed the tube upon one of its +sides, just tight enough to hold it snug, yet let it move up or down. +Then he called for a light stand, and case knives to make it and the box +stand perfectly _still_. He took his place on the portico, got +everything ready, and said he was "afraid to look for fear the boys +would be disappointed." Frank said he "would like to look," and so, as +he had been the most anxious to have the telescope made, his father gave +him the first chance to be glad or sorry. After moving the box and the +tube a little all kept silent, but soon Frank began a louder "Oo-oo-oo!" +than before, and, much excited, exclaimed: "I see 'em: four red bright +little fellows, all in a straight line," and then he ran as if half +crazy, shouting, to his mother: "We got 'em, mother, all four of 'em! I +wouldn't swap our telescope for any other. Come and see!" + +The parson too was much delighted. As he happened to look at the other +side of the box, he was amused to find that he had mounted his telescope +on a "Eureka Soap" box. In a few days he made an upright standard, into +which he bolted the telescope just tight enough to hold it, but let it +move freely. A common screw becomes too loose in a little while. The +instrument cost the parson only forty cents for the tubes; the glasses +were given, but ought not to cost more than a dollar or two. If a +one-inch eyeglass can not be had, a two-inch eyeglass will answer quite +well. The reason for having two tubes is that eyes differ, and that what +is bought for a thirty-six inch glass may be an inch or two more or less +than that, so that the smaller tube must be moved back and forth till +the eye finds where the view is plainest. This instrument shows the moon +beautifully. You read of the circular mountains and the extinct +volcanoes; here you see them. It is especially delightful to see in the +new moon the light breaking over the mountain-tops and through the +notches while all the plain behind is yet in the dark. Though it is now +a good while since the parson made the telescope, he waits impatiently +every month for the new moon to come again. + + + + +THE MAGIC BOTTLE. + + +There are few persons who have not been puzzled, when witnessing the +exhibitions of conjurers and performers of feats of legerdemain, by the +_magic bottle_, out of the neck of which the exhibitor can pour any one +of quite a number of liquids at his will. It may interest the reader to +see an explanation of the means by which the apparently magical effect +is produced, especially as it involves an explanation of a certain +philosophical principle which it is very useful for all to understand. + +The pressure of the atmosphere all around us is so great that no liquid +can issue against it from a close vessel, unless air is at the same time +admitted to balance the external pressure by an internal one of the same +amount. In the case of pouring water from a bottle the mouth of which is +tolerably large, the air passes in in large bubbles as the water comes +out, producing the gurgling sound always heard in such a case. + +Where the orifice is too small to allow of the admission of these +bubbles of air, the liquid will only flow out as fast as the air is +allowed to enter in some other way, as shown in the engraving, where the +water will not issue from the lower end of the tube except when the +finger is raised from the upper end so as to admit the air. + +There are various ingenious contrivances by means of which curious +effects are produced through the operation of this principle. One, +called the magic tunnel, is made double, with a space inclosed between +the walls. There is an orifice communicating with this chamber at the +top of the handle, which orifice is so situated that it can be opened or +closed at pleasure by the thumb of the person holding it without +attracting the attention of the spectator. Now if the body of the tunnel +is filled, or partly filled, with pure water, while the hidden chamber +contains a liquid deeply colored--with cochineal, for example--the +person holding it can cause pure water to flow from it by keeping the +orifice in the handle closed by his thumb, or colored water by simply +raising his thumb and allowing the liquid in the concealed chamber to +flow out and mingle with the clear water as it issues from the tube +below. + +[Illustration: Fig. 1.] + +The magic bottle acts on the same principle, though presenting it in +another form. The bottle is usually made of tin, though colored on the +outer surface to represent glass. Within, it contains several different +receptacles, as shown in Fig. 1, each communicating by a separate pipe +with the mouth of the bottle. Each of these receptacles is also provided +with another tube, by which air may be admitted so as to allow the +liquid contained in it to flow. These air tubes open by orifices in the +side of the bottle, as shown in Fig. 2, which are covered and concealed +by the thumb and the ends of the fingers of the operator, and may be +kept closed or may be slightly opened at pleasure. By this means any one +of five different liquids may be poured from the mouth of the bottle. + +[Illustration: Fig. 2.] + +Of course it requires some dexterity to manipulate such an apparatus +skillfully, in order to keep all the holes concealed from the +spectators, and to open the right one, just enough to admit the air, and +at the right time. The point of interest, however, for the general +reader in the whole subject is the philosophical principle which is +involved, namely, that the pressure of the atmosphere in every direction +all around us is such that no liquid can issue from any orifice against +the force of it acting _from without inward_, unless by the admission of +air or the providing by some other means of an equal force to act _from +within outward_ as a counterpoise. + + + + +TWO WAYS OF PUTTING IT. + + + The Sultan awoke with a stifled scream: + His nerves were shocked by a fearful dream: + + An omen of terrible import and doubt-- + His teeth in one moment all fell out. + + His wisemen assembled at break of day, + And stood by the throne in solemn array. + + And when the terrible dream was told, + Each felt a shudder, his blood ran cold, + + And all stood silent, in fear and dread, + And wondering what was best to be said. + + At length an old soothsayer, wrinkled and gray, + Cried, "Pardon, my lord, what I have to say; + + "'Tis an omen of sorrow sent from on high: + Thou shalt see all thy kindred die." + + Wroth was the Sultan; he gnashed his teeth, + And his very words seemed to hiss and seethe, + + As he ordered the Wiseman bound with chains, + And gave him a hundred stripes for his pains. + + The wisemen shook as the Sultan's eye + Swept round to see who next would try; + + But one of them, stepping before the throne, + Exclaimed, in a loud and joyous tone: + + "Exult, O head of a happy state! + Rejoice, O heir of a glorious fate! + + "For this is the favor thou shalt win, + O Sultan--to outlive all thy kin!" + + Pleased was the Sultan, and called a slave, + And a hundred crowns to the wiseman gave. + + But the courtiers they nod, with grave, sly winks, + And each one whispers what each one thinks, + + "Well can the Sultan reward and blame: + Didn't both of the wisemen foretell the same?" + + Quoth the crafty old Vizier, shaking his head, + "So much may depend on the way a thing's said!" + + + + +[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.] + + +_To our Young Friends:_ + +As we can not expect to receive letters from you until you have been +notified of the existence of our Post-office Box, we open the +correspondence by writing to you, and asking you to think of us in the +future. We should like to hear from you upon any subject which may +interest you. If you have any questions to ask regarding your studies or +your reading, we shall take great pleasure in advising you; or should +you desire any information which you can not obtain from books within +your reach, we will do our best to aid you. We shall also be glad to +hear about your sports, your pets, or about any curious thing in nature +which may come under your observation. + +You must bear in mind that your communications must be very brief, +because there are so many of you that we can not give a great deal of +space to any one. We will endeavor to be kind and attentive to each and +all alike. + +It is very easy in these times to send letters in Uncle Sam's big +mail-bag; and when you write on your neat, delicate note-paper, and put +the pretty postage-stamp on the right-hand corner of the envelope, +perhaps you never think of the way your great-grandparents went to work +when they wanted to send a letter. First they took a very large square +sheet of coarse blue paper, or, if they were young ladies and +fancy-minded, one with a bright tint of pink or yellow. As postage was +high, when they had written the pages full, straight across, they would +turn the sheet sideways, and write at right angles to the other lines, +and then corner-wise, perhaps, with a different-colored ink. There were +no envelopes in those days, and the sheets had to be ingeniously folded, +so that no curious postmaster could pry into family secrets. There was +always a portion of the last page left blank, to form the outside of the +letter, which, after being folded and directed, was sealed with a big +red wafer. It was then ready to be started off the next time the +stage-coach came through the town, for there were no railroads in those +days, and often the mail-bag was carried miles and miles on horseback +through wild regions where now the steam-engine whirls along with its +long train of cars. + +It was not necessary in those days to prepay the postage, which was much +dearer than it is now. There were no postage-stamps, and big figures +were written or stamped on the outside of the letter to denote the cost +of transportation. In those times it often took weeks to send a letter +to places where now only a day is required. + +Do any of you know the name of the man who first thought of the great +benefit cheap postage would be to the world, and can you tell something +about the great work he accomplished in that direction, and when and +where he died? + +Our Post-office Box is now open for your contributions, which we trust +will be neatly and correctly written, because an editor's eyes have a +great deal of important work to do, and ought not to be employed in +deciphering illegible writing. + +Trusting that our acquaintance may be pleasant and lasting, the editor +bids you welcome to the pages of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + + + + +[Illustration: THE ORPHANS.] + + + + +[Illustration: FUN] + + +A Boy who is not fond of fun and frolic may possibly make a tolerable +man, but he is an intolerable boy. + + * * * * * + +An Irish lover remarked that it is a great pleasure to be alone, +"especially whin yer swateheart is wid ye." + + * * * * * + +If a man's horses should lose their tails, why should he sell them +wholesale?--Because he can't retail them. + + * * * * * + +"I'd just like to see you," said a blind man to a policeman who told him +he would lock him up if he didn't move on. + + * * * * * + +A little girl of four years was recently called as a witness in a police +court, and in answer to the question what became of little girls who +told lies, innocently replied that they were sent to bed. + + * * * * * + +When a certain King of England visited Scotland, many years ago, the +following conversation took place between two countrymen: + +SANDY. "Weel, Jock, hae ye seen the king?" + +JOCK. "Oh ay, I hae seen the king; but I wadna gang the length o' the +street to see him again. He's just made like ony ither mon, an' they +tell't me his arms were a lion an' a unicorn." + + * * * * * + +A QUANDARY.--If a boy should catch hold of your ear, and ask if he had +the wrong pig by the ear, would you answer yes or no? + + * * * * * + +A MELANCHOLY CASE OF SUICIDE.--A naughty little boy, having been +threatened with a whipping, immediately hung his head. + + * * * * * + +A little girl being asked by her grandfather where cotton grew, replied, +with the greatest simplicity, "In old gentlemen's ears." + + * * * * * + +A man who lisped, having bought some pigs, asked a neighbor for the use +of a pen for a few days. Said he: "I have jutht been purchathing thome +thwine--two thowth and pigth. I want to put them in your pen till I can +fix a plaith for them." "Two thousand pigs!" exclaimed the astonished +neighbor; "why, my pen will hardly hold a dozen!" "You don't underthtand +me, Mr. Bent. I don't thay two thouthand pigth, but two thowth and +pigth!" "I hear you," said Mr. Bent; "two thousand pigs! Why, you must be +crazy." "I tell you again," exclaimed the man, angrily, "I mean not two +thouthand pigth, but two thowth and two pigth!" "Oh, that is what you +mean, eh? Well, the pen is at your service." + + * * * * * + +LETTER PUZZLE. + + _First_ in long, but not in short; + _Second_ in hop, but not in malt; + _Third_ in Ellen, also in Anne; + _Fourth_ in wagon, not in van; + _Fifth_ in fun, but not in sport; + _Sixth_ in teach, but not in taught; + _Seventh_ in ale, but not in stout; + _Eighth_ in bawl, but not in shout; + _Ninth_ in mould, but not in sand; + _Tenth_ in water, but not in land. + In these rhymes there may be found + A living poet much renowned. + + * * * * * + +What is it that always has some hitch about it?--A harness. + +Which is the most contemptuous bird?--The owl; he hoots at everything. + + + + +GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. + + +_Pole-Leaping._--The pole which is used for this exercise should be of +sound ash, rounded throughout its length, which should be in proportion +to the height of the jumper and the space to be jumped over. It is +advisable to practice this kind of jumping at first without a run. For +this purpose he who is about to jump fixes the end of the pole in the +ground in front of him, at a distance which may be gradually increased +with the efforts of the jumper; then he seizes the pole with his two +hands--the top one a little above his head, and the lower one a little +above the level of his hips. He springs off equally with both feet, +throwing most of his weight upon his arms, and pushing himself forward +as far as possible by bearing on the pole, which he then slackens, and +falls to the ground, trying to alight as softly as possible. If he fall +on his heels, all the body receives a great shock; the brain strikes +against the bones which surround it, which may often result in injuries +to the head. If he fall too much on his toes, he may, perhaps, sprain +them. It is necessary, then, to contrive so as to fall on the sole or +ball of the foot, and only to let the heel touch the ground afterward. + +In order to jump over a space with a run, he places himself at a +certain distance from the space over which he is to leap, and after +having seized the pole with his right hand a little above his head (the +thumb in the air), and with his left hand a little above his thighs (the +thumb downward), he starts forward, holding the lower end of the pole in +front of him. Arrived at the edge of the ditch, or whatever it may be, +over which he is to leap, he sticks the pole in the ground before him, +then, by sudden and active effort, he raises his body, bearing his hands +on the pole in such a manner as to turn it from the right-hand side to +the left, and leaps the space, the body being nearly in a horizontal +position; he then reaches the ground by bending the joints of the legs. +He should at first practice at short distances. + + +_Indian Clubs._--The exercises with the Indian clubs are of a more +recent date than those with dumb-bells. They were introduced into Europe +by a military officer, who had seen the Persians exercise with them. +These exercises are performed alternately with the two hands, and +sometimes simultaneously, with two instruments of a massive conical +form, which in Persia are called _nulo_, and in India _mugdaughs_. They +are very useful for increasing the muscular power of the arms and +shoulders, opening the chest, and strengthening the hands and wrists. +They have also the advantage of rendering the player with them +ambidextrous, or two-handed; that is to say, of making the left hand as +able and vigorous as the right, and enabling him to use one as readily +as the other. As instruments of exercise they are as fitted for women +and girls as for men and boys. Gracefully used, they give a good +carriage and deportment, not always obtained by other means. Dumb-bell +practice should precede the use of the Indian clubs. In beginning with +the latter, take off your coat and cravat, loosen your braces and +waistcoat, and put on a belt. + +The most simple exercises with the Indian clubs consist in carrying them +to the shoulder, sometimes with the right arm, sometimes with the +left--in carrying the club before and behind, to the left and to the +right. In the more difficult exercises you move the clubs alternately +around the body, seizing them at first by the hand, and holding them +parallel to the legs, the arms held down without stiffness, the clubs in +a straight line with them. Then raise the right club, without the +slightest jerk, in front and near to the body in the direction of the +left shoulder, until the forearm passes the head, the club always +remaining vertical. Then continue to pass the club behind the body, +bringing it toward the right shoulder, and letting it gradually descend +to the ground. The same movement is repeated with the left club, by +commencing to raise it toward the right shoulder, and so on continually. +Practice all the movements slowly; but when you have once familiarized +yourself with the exercises you may execute them more quickly, always +taking care that one club descends while the other ascends. + + + + +A NEW SERIAL + +BY GEORGE MACDONALD. + + +A brilliant serial story by GEORGE MACDONALD, with illustrations by +ALFRED FREDERICKS, will shortly be begun in HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + + + + +_Harper's Young People._ + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates: + +Four cents a number. + +Single subscriptions for one year, $1.50; five subscriptions, one year, +$7.00--payable in advance. Postage free. + +Subscriptions may begin with any number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +number issued after the receipt of order. + +Remittances should be made by Post-office Money Order, or Draft, to +avoid risk of loss. + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + + + + +A LIBERAL OFFER FOR 1880 ONLY. + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE _and_ HARPER'S WEEKLY _will be sent to any address +for one year, commencing with the first number of_ HARPER'S WEEKLY, _for +January, 1880, on receipt of $5.00 for the two Periodicals_. + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, November 4, 1879, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, NOV 4, 1879 *** + +***** This file should be named 28185-8.txt or 28185-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/1/8/28185/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, November 4, 1879 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 25, 2009 [EBook #28185] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, NOV 4, 1879 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_BRAVE_SWISS_BOY"><b>THE BRAVE SWISS BOY.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_GOLDEN_GLOVE"><b>THE GOLDEN GLOVE.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_PREAY_CHAMBER"><b>THE PREAY CHAMBER.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_BOYS_TELESCOPE"><b>THE BOY'S TELESCOPE.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_MAGIC_BOTTLE"><b>THE MAGIC BOTTLE.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#TWO_WAYS_OF_PUTTING_IT"><b>TWO WAYS OF PUTTING IT.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#GYMNASTIC_EXERCISES"><b>GYMNASTIC EXERCISES.</b></a></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1000px;"> +<img src="images/illo_001.jpg" width="1000" height="381" alt="Banner: Harper's Young People" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 100%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Vol</span>. I.—<span class="smcap">No</span>. 1.</td><td align='center'><span class="smcap">Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York</span>.</td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">Price Four Cents</span>.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Tuesday, November 4, 1879.</td><td align='center'>Copyright, 1879, by <span class="smcap">Harper & Brothers</span>.</td><td align='right'>$1.50 per Year, in Advance.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 100%;' /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 634px;"> +<img src="images/illo_002.jpg" width="634" height="800" alt=""TONI HIRZEL HASTENED OUT OF THE COTTAGE."—Drawn by C. +S. Reinhart." title="" /> +<span class="caption">"TONI HIRZEL HASTENED OUT OF THE COTTAGE."—<span class="smcap">Drawn by +C. S. Reinhart</span>.</span> +</div> + +<h2><a name="THE_BRAVE_SWISS_BOY" id="THE_BRAVE_SWISS_BOY"></a>THE BRAVE SWISS BOY.</h2> + +<h3><i>I.—THE SWISS PEASANT AND HIS SON.</i></h3> + +<p>The first beams of the morning sun were tipping with fire the jagged and +icy peaks of the Wellhorn and Matterhorn, those gigantic monarchs of the +Bernese Oberland, when a slender youth came out to the door of a small +herdsman's cottage near Meyringen, and looked up at the sky to note the +weather.</p> + +<p>"We shall have a splendid day, father," said he, after glancing all +around for a few minutes. "There isn't a cloud to be seen, and the +fir-trees sparkle like silver in the morning air."</p> + +<p>"I am glad to hear it, Walter," replied a powerful voice from inside the +cottage, "for I must cross the hill to Grindelwald to-day to see my +cousin. It is a long journey, and much pleasanter in fine weather than +in rain and fog. You can let out the goats, and look after the cow, for +we must milk them before I go."</p> + +<p>"Oh, Liesli is not far off," was the rejoinder; "I see her coming along; +she is passing Frieshardt's house now. She is a good cow, and always +knows when it's milking-time. But what is that?" he exclaimed, after a +short pause. "Frieshardt is driving her into his yard!—Hi, neighbor! +what are you doing? Don't you know whom that cow belongs to?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, of course I do," replied the farmer, roughly. "But I've taken a +fancy to the cow, and mean to keep her. You can tell your father that, +if you like, and say that if he wants her he can come and fetch her."</p> + +<p>"Father! father!" cried the boy, turning round, "Neighbor Frieshardt has +taken our cow away. Come and get her back."</p> + +<p>Obeying his son's call, Toni Hirzel hastened out of the cottage just in +time to see his neighbor locking the byre upon Liesli, the only cow he +possessed. "Oho, my friend," he exclaimed, "what is the meaning of +this?"</p> + +<p>"Don't you understand, Hirzel?" replied his neighbor, in a mocking and +sarcastic tone. "Recollect what you promised me the other day. You have +been owing me forty francs since last winter, and said you would pay me +yesterday. But as you have forgotten it, I have taken your cow, and mean +to keep her till I get the money back."</p> + +<p>Toni Hirzel frowned and bit his lips. "You know very well," said he, +"that I have not been able to pay my small debt. My poor wife's illness +and funeral cost me a great deal of money; but you know quite well that +I am an honest man, and that there is no need for you to behave in such +an unkind and unfriendly way toward me. It is not neighborly, +Frieshardt."</p> + +<p>"Neighborly nonsense!" replied the farmer. "The cow belongs to me until +you pay the money."</p> + +<p>With these words he turned on his heel and went into his house, the size +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span>and general appearance of which bespoke the comfort, if not the luxury, +of its owner. With a sad and anxious expression Toni Hirzel followed him +with his eye.</p> + +<p>"But, father," said the youth, in surprise and anger, "do you mean +quietly to put up with that? I wouldn't suffer it, if I were you."</p> + +<p>"Hush, hush, my boy!" replied his father quietly. "It is certainly not +very kind of Frieshardt to treat a poor neighbor in such a harsh way; +but he has the law on his side, for I can't deny that I owe him the +money. I should have paid him long ago if it had been possible, but your +poor mother's illness and death prevented me. We must have patience. I +dare say my cousin will lend me the forty francs if I ask him, and then +we shall get our cow back again. Don't be afraid, Watty. You shall see +Liesli feeding in the meadow again to-morrow."</p> + +<p>"Yes, that she shall, father," said the boy, in a decided tone. "She +shall be brought back whether you get the money or not. Frieshardt shall +give her up to-day, and be thoroughly ashamed into the bargain for his +hard-heartedness. He has got forty cows on the hills, and yet robs a +poor neighbor of the only one he has got. What harm have we done him, +that he should treat us in such a way?"</p> + +<p>"I will tell you, Watty, for you are now growing tall and sensible, so +that one can talk to you," replied his father. "He has envied me the +possession of Liesli for a long time, for she is the best cow in the +whole neighborhood; and he offered me two hundred francs for her last +autumn. As I wouldn't sell her, he has seized her now, thinking that I +can't pay him the money he has lent me. If I were to go to law with him, +the cow would be valued, and he would only pay me what she is worth over +and above the debt. That is his calculation. But I hope he will soon +find that he has made a great mistake."</p> + +<p>"Yes, I hope he will, father," said the boy. "Go over to Grindelwald +quietly, but don't be annoyed if you can't borrow the money. I tell you +that I will get the cow back this very day; and you know, father, that +when I say so I mean it."</p> + +<p>"I hope you haven't got any foolish plans in your head, Watty," said his +father. "It is of no use trying force against our neighbor, for he is to +a certain extent in the right."</p> + +<p>"I am not thinking of using force," said the boy. "Leave the matter to +me, and go quietly on your journey. I know perfectly well what I am +going to do, and you may be certain that it is nothing wrong."</p> + +<p>The tall and ruddy youth looked at his father with such a steady and +open expression that all his fears were silenced. "Well, you are no +longer a child, Walter," said he. "You were sixteen last May, and ought +to have come to years of discretion. But I should very much like to know +what plan you have got in your head. Won't you tell me, boy?"</p> + +<p>"You shall hear to-night, after you come back, father," replied Walter, +smiling. "But I assure you again that there is nothing wrong or wicked +in it, and give you my hand upon it."</p> + +<p>"Well, then, do whatever you have a mind to," said his father. "I must +not lose any more time, or it will be too late before I get back. +Farewell, my boy, and see that you don't play any roguish tricks."</p> + +<p>With these words the peasant took his alpenstock, as the long +iron-pointed stick is named which is used for crossing the ice-fields, +and set forth.</p> + +<p>"Good-by, my dear father," said the boy, gazing after him until a turn +in the road hid him from view. "It is better that you should go away +quietly and without anxiety. If I had told you what I am going to do, +you would have been vexed and nervous, and have tried to turn me from +it. But now I shall have nothing to hinder me, and I can set to work in +earnest. I will milk the goats first, though, that the poor animals may +not suffer till I get back."</p> + +<p>Obedient to his loud call, the goats came frisking along; and after +having relieved them of their milk, Walter drank some, ate a little +black bread to it, and then put the rest of the milk in a flat pan, +which he set carefully in the cool cellar. When the goats had returned +to the hills, and were clambering from crag to crag in search of grass +and herbage, Walter slung a light hunting bag across his shoulder, stuck +a small axe with a short handle into his belt, and a knife into his +pocket, filled a bottle with goat's milk, and then cut off a large hunch +of bread and placed it with the bottle in his bag. He then selected a +stout alpenstock and tried it carefully, to see if the iron point was +sharp and strong. When these preparations were made, he looked for a +piece of thin strong cord, such as the chamois-hunters take with them on +their dangerous Alpine journeys, put it into his bag beside the bread +and milk, and quitted the cottage, the door of which he bolted on the +outside.</p> + +<p>The cottage was about half an hour's walk from the inn on the road from +Meyringen to Grindelwald, and thither the stout-hearted youth turned his +steps. The sun was still low in the east when he arrived, for it was +early in the morning; but a number of horses and mules stood at the door +of the inn waiting for their riders. Several guides were loitering +about, ready to conduct travellers either to the steep heights lying +above the village, down to the beautiful water-falls of the Reichenbach, +or to the village of Meyringen.</p> + +<p>"Well, Watty Hirzel," said one of the guides in answer to the boy's +salute, "I suppose you want to earn a couple of francs to-day, as you +have come armed with alpenstock and game bag? You couldn't have chosen a +better day. Every room in the inn is full, and you will easily get +somebody to take to the glaciers or anywhere else."</p> + +<p>"No, no, Mohrle," replied the boy; "I haven't come to take your trade +away from you; I only want to speak to Mr. Seymour, the gentleman from +Scotland who has been staying here for about a month. He hasn't left +yet, I hope?"</p> + +<p>"No; there he is at the window," said the guide. "But you won't be able +to earn anything from him, for he knows all the roads of the Oberland as +well as any of us. What do you want to speak to him about?"</p> + +<p>"You will find that out in the evening, perhaps, when you come back," +replied Walter. "It is a secret at present."</p> + +<p>"Aha! I understand. You have discovered the track of a chamois, and are +going to take the gentleman to see if he can get a shot at it. He seems +quite mad upon hunting, and I dare say you will get a five-franc piece +if you help him."</p> + +<p>"Very likely, Mohrle," replied the youth, with a laugh; and then bowed +to the gentleman, who stood at a window of the inn surveying the lively +scene below. Opening the window, he beckoned to the boy, who bowed +again, and went into the house.</p> + +<p>"He is a sharp boy," said the guide to one of his companions. "There are +not many lads in the Oberland who are as bold and active in climbing as +he is. And no one can beat him for deer-stalking. But it's no wonder, +for Toni Hirzel, his father, is the best chamois-hunter in this part of +the country."</p> + +<p>"Yes, he is a brave fellow," was the reply. "I know his father well. +There isn't a cleverer sportsman in the mountains; but it's a dangerous +life, and I shouldn't like to change places with him. It is much more +comfortable to show strangers the sights; there is less peril and a +great deal more profit in it."</p> + +<p>"And yet I would wager anything that Toni wouldn't change places with +us," replied the first speaker. "He told me only a week ago that it was +impossible to give up the hunting life. 'My father and grandfather both +lost their lives by it,' said he, 'and I know I sha'n't fare any better; +but whenever I see the track of a chamois, I must be off after it.' That +is the way with all your chamois-hunters."</p> + +<p>"Well, may God long preserve him from such an awful death!" said the +other. "But there comes our party. Look after your horse, Mohrle."</p> + +<p>The conversation was thus abruptly cut short. The ladies and gentlemen +mounted the animals that were waiting for them, and in a few minutes the +space in front of the inn was cleared of the busy throng.</p> + +<p>"Now, then," said the young Scotchman, whose attention had been occupied +with the company which had just left, and who now turned to Walter. +"Has your father discovered some new tracks, and sent you to tell me?"</p> + +<p>"No, Sir. I have come to ask you if you were in earnest the other day, +and if you really wish to have a vulture's brood."</p> + +<p>"A vulture's brood, boy?" inquired the Scotchman, with eager and +sparkling eyes. "Have you discovered one?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, Sir," replied the youth. "I have clambered up among the wild +ravines of the Engelhorn for several days, and yesterday I descried a +spot where I am pretty certain there is an eyrie. If so, the young birds +must be well fledged already; so it won't do to lose much time in +getting them."</p> + +<p>"Well, go and fetch them, then," exclaimed the gentleman, hastily. "I +have set my mind upon having a couple of young vultures."</p> + +<p>"And you shall have them, if Heaven preserves my feet from slipping and +my hand from trembling," said the boy. "But I must first know what you +are willing to give me for the birds."</p> + +<p>"I have already told you that you shall have thirty francs if you bring +them here alive."</p> + +<p>Walter shook his head. "That is not enough, Sir," he replied. "I can't +do it for that. I must have forty francs."</p> + +<p>A smile almost of contempt passed over the lips of Mr. Seymour. "So +young, and already so greedy!" said he. "Begone! I hate avarice, and +will rather lose the birds than be cheated in such a way."</p> + +<p>Walter blushed deeply. His feelings were so wounded by these words that +his heart swelled as if it would burst, and his eyes filled with tears. +But with a vigorous effort he controlled himself, and gave a quiet +answer. "It is not greed or avarice that makes me ask for more money. +You condemn me unjustly, Sir."</p> + +<p>"What else, then, can it be?" inquired Mr. Seymour, angrily.</p> + +<p>In a few simple words Walter described the harsh conduct of the neighbor +who had taken away his father's cow for a debt of forty francs, and said +that he had hoped the stranger would readily give the trifling sum of +ten francs more if he only knew how dangerous it was to attempt the +vulture's eyrie. While he spoke, the angry look gradually disappeared +from the traveller's face, and he smiled with friendliness and goodwill +upon the boy.</p> + +<p>"And you will expose yourself to this danger to serve your father?" he +inquired.</p> + +<p>"Yes, Sir; I have made up my mind to do so."</p> + +<p>"But is it so very dangerous to get at the nest?"</p> + +<p>"So dangerous that I couldn't make up my mind to it yesterday," replied +Walter. "It is built on one of the steepest crags of the Engelhorn, and +can only be reached by a very narrow ridge of rock with dreadful +precipices on both sides."</p> + +<p>"And you are going to risk your life to help your father to pay the +money he owes?"</p> + +<p>"Yes; and I am not afraid, if I can only be sure of the reward."</p> + +<p>"Well, then, that alters my opinion. Bring me the young vultures, and +the forty francs are yours."</p> + +<p>Walter warmly thanked the liberal stranger for his generosity, and was +about to leave the room; but, surprised at the boy's courage, and +perhaps alarmed at the idea of exposing him to such frightful peril, Mr. +Seymour called him back.</p> + +<p>"I have changed my mind," said he: "I really have no use for the birds, +at least not at present, and I dare say you will be able to discover +another nest that can be got at without so much danger; and to tell you +the truth, I don't care about having such young ones. Go quietly home, +my boy. But why do you look so sorrowful and alarmed? Oh, I see: you are +afraid of losing the money. No, no; I didn't mean that. Take these two +gold coins—they are a present from me—that will just make up the sum +that your father wants."</p> + +<p>Walter stood as if thunder-struck, unable to understand such generosity, +and thought the stranger was joking with him in giving such a large sum +for nothing.</p> + +<p>"Take it, my boy—take it," said Mr. Seymour, smiling. "Your father must +and shall be assisted in his difficulty, for he must be a good man to +have such a brave and affectionate son. But the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> life of a human being +can't be risked for the sake of a couple of stupid birds."</p> + +<p>In surprise and confusion Walter took the money, expressed his +thankfulness in a few mumbled words, and shuffled out of the room. When +he reached the open air, he recovered his self-possession to some +extent, and holding the gold coins fast in one hand, threw his cap up in +the air with the other, uttered a loud shout of joy, and bounded +homeward again at the top of his speed. Having reached the cottage, he +put the money in a corner of the cupboard in which his father kept his +small stock of cash, locked the door, and put the key in a place of +safety, and then left the cottage again.</p> + +<p>"Now everything is in first-rate order," said he to himself. "Father +will be sure to find the money when he comes back, and I shall have +plenty of time to see how the vulture's nest is to be got at. Mr. +Seymour shall have the birds, no matter what trouble and danger it may +cost me. He shall soon see that I am neither selfish nor unthankful to +him for his generosity."</p> + +<h4>[<span class="smcap">to be continued</span>.]</h4> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><b>"I can Swim, Sir."</b>—During a terrible naval battle between the English +and the Dutch, the English flag-ship, commanded by Admiral Narborough, +was drawn into the thickest of the fight. Two masts were soon shot away, +and the mainmast fell with a fearful crash upon the deck. Admiral +Narborough saw that all was lost unless he could bring up his ships from +the right. Hastily scrawling an order, he called for volunteers to swim +across the boiling water, under the hail of shot and shell. A dozen +sailors at once offered their services, and among them a cabin-boy. +"Why," said the admiral, "what can you do, my fearless lad?" "I can +swim, Sir," the boy replied; "if I be shot, I can be easier spared than +any one else." Narborough hesitated; his men were few, and his position +desperate. The boy plunged into the sea, amid the cheers of the sailors, +and was soon lost to sight. The battle raged fiercer, and, as the time +went on, defeat seemed inevitable. But, just as hope was fading, a +thundering cannonade was heard from the right, and the reserves were +seen bearing down upon the enemy. By sunset the Dutch fleet was +scattered far and wide, and the cabin-boy, the hero of the hour, was +called in to receive the honor due to him. His bearing so won the heart +of the old admiral that he exclaimed, "I shall live to see you have a +flag-ship of your own." The prediction was fulfilled when the cabin-boy, +having become Admiral Cloudesley Shovel, was knighted by the king.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_GOLDEN_GLOVE" id="THE_GOLDEN_GLOVE"></a>THE GOLDEN GLOVE.</h2> + +<p>There was a young, rich, and beautiful lady who was about to be married +to a lord. A day or two before the wedding the lord brought his friend, +a gallant and handsome young farmer, to see the lady of his choice. The +lady fell in love at first sight with the farmer, and ere they parted, +the farmer was as deep in love with her.</p> + +<p>When the morning of the wedding had come, the lady, love-sick for the +young farmer, instead of betaking herself to the kirk to be married, +took to her bed, and the wedding was put off. Nevertheless, in the +afternoon, she disguised her face, and dressing herself in manly +apparel, went with cross-bow on her shoulder, and with her dogs at her +heels, to hunt on the grounds of the young farmer, which were part of +her own estate.</p> + +<p>She crossed and recrossed the fields, whistled and hallooed to her dogs, +without meeting the farmer. As she was beginning to fear that he was +absent, and was about to withdraw, she met him coming up the road.</p> + +<p>She professed to be surprised to see him, as she understood he was to be +at the wedding to give away the bride to the lord.</p> + +<p>"Ah!" said the young farmer, with a sigh, "I would she were as poor as +myself, that I might ask her to give herself to me."</p> + +<p>"Are you, then, in love with the promised bride of the young lord your +friend? How would you answer to him, should the lady favor your hopes?" +said she.</p> + +<p>"With sword and axe I would give him a meeting, and let the best man +win."</p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illo_003.jpg" width="400" height="354" alt=""HERE IS A GLOVE I PICKED UP ON THE WAY."" title="" /> +<span class="caption">"HERE IS A GLOVE I PICKED UP ON THE WAY."</span> +</div> + +<p>At parting, the lady drew from her pocket a glove embroidered with gold, +and said to the farmer, "Here is a glove I picked up on the way thither; +as I am a stranger here, I will leave it with you in order that you may +find the owner."</p> + +<p>Next day she sent out the crier to say that she had lost a glove +embroidered with gold, and that she would take the man who found it for +her husband, if the man were willing.</p> + +<p>The young farmer heard the proclamation, and, half wild with joy, and +half doubting his good fortune, took his way to the house of the lady. +He presented the glove, and modestly reminded her of the reward promised +to the finder, and although that reward was far above his hopes, it was +what his heart most ardently desired.</p> + +<p>Before he left her, she confirmed the promise of the crier, and agreed +to take him for her husband. The report was soon spread abroad, and +coming to the young lord's ears, he demanded that the farmer should +resign his claim to the lady, or else meet him in single combat.</p> + +<p>The farmer answered that he would never resign the lady while there was +breath in his body, but that he would meet the young lord when and where +he pleased, and with whatever weapons he liked to choose.</p> + +<p>Swords and bucklers being chosen, on the day appointed for the fight the +lord and the farmer, accompanied by their seconds, or shield-bearers, +and their friends, met to settle their difference. With the assistance +of their shields the combatants warded off each other's blows for some +time, but at last the farmer clove his adversary's shield in twain, and +following up his advantage, brought the young lord to his knees by a +blow on his helmet.</p> + +<p>Then putting his sword to his throat, he made the young lord resign all +claim to the lady, and beg his own life.</p> + +<p>Soon the handsome young farmer and the rich and beautiful lady were +married, and after a time she told him of her device of the glove, and +how the game that she hunted that day with her dogs and her cross-bow +was the young farmer himself. Both agreed that for the hunter and the +hunted that hunting was the happiest that had ever been undertaken in +Thulê.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><b>Nature's Barometers.</b>—Certain movements on the part of the animal +creation before a change of weather appear to indicate a reasoning +faculty. Such seems to be the case with the common garden spider, which, +on the approach of rainy or windy weather, will be found to shorten and +strengthen the guys of his web, lengthening the same when the storm is +over. There is a popular superstition that it is unlucky for an angler +to meet a single magpie, but two of the birds together are a good omen. +The reason is that the birds foretell the coming of cold or stormy +weather, and at such times, instead of searching for food for their +young in pairs, one will always remain on the nest. Sea-gulls predict +storms by assembling on the land, as they know that the rain will bring +earth-worms and larvæ to the surface. This, however, is merely a search +for food, and is due to the same instinct which teaches the swallow to +fly high in fine weather, and skim along the ground when foul is coming. +They simply follow the flies and gnats, which remain in the warm strata +of the air. The different tribes of wading birds always migrate before +rain, likewise to hunt for food. Many birds foretell rain by warning +cries and uneasy actions, and swine will carry hay and straw to +hiding-places, oxen will lick themselves the wrong way of the hair, +sheep will bleat and skip about, hogs turned out in the woods will come +grunting and squealing, colts will rub their backs against the ground, +crows will gather in crowds, crickets will sing more loudly, flies come +into the house, frogs croak and change color to a dingier hue, dogs eat +grass, and rooks soar like hawks. It is probable that many of these +actions are due to actual uneasiness, similar to that which all who are +troubled with corns or rheumatism experience before a storm, and are +caused both by the variation in barometric pressure and the changes in +the electrical condition of the atmosphere.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><b>Slain by her Defender.</b>—During King William's wars on the Continent, +soon after the Revolution, it was usual, at the end of the campaign, for +both armies to retire into winter-quarters, and numbers got leave of +absence to go home and see their friends. Among others who availed +themselves of this privilege was a young Highland officer, whose +relations lived in the upper parts of Perthshire. He visited about in +that district, and entertained his friends by talking of the battles in +which he had fought, and the wonderful events he had witnessed; and he +everywhere met with the most cordial reception. He was at last invited +to the house of a gentleman who had an only daughter, whose beauty was +the universal theme of admiration. He there, as usual, recited his +martial feats, till, like Othello, he made an impression on the young +lady, which the gallant soldier soon perceived, and he contrived to +settle a plan with her for their eloping together at midnight. They got +off unperceived, and having travelled several miles, they at last came +to an inn, where they thought they might refresh themselves in safety. +The enraged father, however, as soon as he had discovered his daughter's +flight, assembled men, and pursued the fugitives with such speed and +eagerness that he overtook them soon after they got into the inn. The +lover, though he had nobody to support him, yet was determined not to +yield up his mistress, and being well armed, and an excellent swordsman, +he resolved to resist any attack made upon him. When the party pursuing +entered the inn, his mistress ran for protection<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> behind him; but as he +was preparing to give a deadly stroke, the point of the sword accidently +struck her a violent blow, and she instantly expired at his feet. Upon +seeing what had happened, he immediately surrendered himself, saying he +did not wish to live, his earthly pleasure being gone. He was executed +the next day, but we fail to perceive on what ground, either of justice +or of humanity.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_PREAY_CHAMBER" id="THE_PREAY_CHAMBER"></a>THE PREAY CHAMBER.</h2> + +<h3>By An Old Boy.</h3> + +<p>Before I had been long at Mr. Gray's boarding-school, to which I was +sent when I was a very young boy, and which was very different from such +schools as St. Paul's, I heard of a mysterious and horrible place +called, as the boys said, the Preay Chamber. We supposed it to be a +gloomy and awful dungeon, but nobody knew just where it was, and nobody +pretended that he had ever been imprisoned in it. The truth was that it +was thought to be a punishment so dreadful that whenever a boy was +sentenced to the chamber of torture, good, motherly Mrs. Gray, whom we +all loved, always interceded for the culprit. Good woman, how we did +bless her!</p> + +<p>I am an old boy now, but all younger boys will understand how easy it +was for me one evening when we were all marching out from tea, and I +passed close by the table with the open sugar bowl upon it, to raise my +hand quietly, without stopping or looking, seize a lump of sugar, and +let my hand drop again.</p> + +<p>"Joe!" instantly shouted Mr. Gray, who sat in his chair watching us as +we filed out.</p> + +<p>"Yes, Sir."</p> + +<p>"Come here, Joe, and all the boys remain."</p> + +<p>I was a little fellow of seven years old, and I pity my poor little +self as I look back upon that moment. I advanced to the master's chair, +and stood before him in the presence of the school, with my guilty right +hand closed at my side. There was awful silence as the master said,</p> + +<p>"Joe, what have you in your hand?"</p> + +<p>"Nothing, Sir."</p> + +<p>"Joe, hold out your right hand."</p> + +<p>I held it out.</p> + +<p>"Now, Joe, you say that there is nothing in your hand?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, Sir."</p> + +<p>"Open your hand, Joe."</p> + +<p>I opened it, and the lump of sugar dropped to the floor.</p> + +<p>It was the first lie I had ever told, and my terror and shame were such +that the recollection has been a kind of good angel to me ever since. +The master said a few solemn words, the justice of which my poor little +heart could not deny, although he had exposed me to a cruel ordeal; and +then, with an air like that of a Lord Chief Justice putting on the black +cap to sentence a murderer to death, he concluded: "Joe, you must be +severely punished. Go to Mrs. Gray, and tell her that you are to go to +the Preay Chamber."</p> + +<p>There was a silent shudder of sympathy among the boys as I departed; and +finding Mrs. Gray, I told her, with sobs of terror, my doom. The good +woman listened kindly; and then, with the tenderness of a mother, she +pointed out to me the meanness of the theft and of the falsehood, and we +both sat and cried together. Then she said, "Joe, I am sure that you see +that you have done wrong, and that you are very sorry, and don't mean to +do so any more."</p> + +<p>I was utterly broken down, and sobbed in a kind of hysterical paroxysm.</p> + +<p>"Now, Joe, go back to Mr. Gray, tell him that we have been talking +together, and that you are truly sorry, and will try to do better, and +that this time, and for my sake, I hope that you may be let off from +the Preay Chamber."</p> + +<p>I went back, and with tears and catchings of the breath I repeated the +message. Mr. Gray listened; and when I had done, he said:</p> + +<p>"Joe, you are a very naughty boy; but as you say that you are sorry, and +will try to mend, and as dear Mrs. Gray intercedes for you, you need not +go this time to the Preay Chamber. But remember, it is only for this +time."</p> + +<p>I was like a victim suddenly released from the stake, and the narrow +escape I had had from the mysterious chamber of doom made that dungeon +still more awful. There were very few sentences to the chamber +afterward, and gradually its name disappeared from our talk and from our +fear. Now and then some boy asked, "What has become of the Preay +Chamber?" But nobody answered. If an older boy asked Mr. or Mrs. Gray, +they only smiled, and said nothing. The terror gradually died away, and +the chamber of horrors became a mere legend. Long afterward it was known +that it was all a kindly but deceitful understanding between Mr. and +Mrs. Gray. If a young boy did wrong, and it was thought that reproof and +the mere dread of punishment would be penalty severe enough, it was +agreed that Mr. Gray would send the offender to Mrs. Gray to be immured +in the Preay Chamber. That message was a hint to her to beg—or, in the +French language, <i>prier</i>—that for this once the culprit, upon his +promise to do better, should be pardoned.</p> + +<p>There is no doubt that the fear of the chamber exercised some restraint +upon mischievous boys. But it was a kind of deceit which is in itself +mischievous. The very name still haunts my imagination, although I am a +bald-headed old boy, for what the most secret chamber of the Inquisition +was to the timid heretic, the Preay Chamber was to the little boy I used +to be.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illo_004.jpg" width="800" height="573" alt="CHESTNUTTING.—Drawn by W. P. Snyder." title="" /> +<span class="caption">CHESTNUTTING.—<span class="smcap">Drawn by W. P. Snyder.</span></span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 395px;"> +<img src="images/illo_005.jpg" width="395" height="500" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2>THE STORY OF A PARROT.</h2> + +<p>The children were thinking of something very important. Anybody could +see that. Papa and mamma wondered why they were so serious and silent at +the breakfast table, and mamma was astonished when Carrie, and even +little Hope, begged to walk part of the way to school with Louis, +because they had never thought of doing such a thing before. Louis was a +bright-faced, rosy-cheeked boy of ten years, Carrie was eight, and +little Hope was only six. Mamma was always very kind to her little +folks, and as the morning was sunny, she said they might go if they +would put on their heavy shoes and their cloaks and hoods, for there was +a white crisp frost all over the grass. Mamma watched them with pride as +they scampered down the garden path leading from the front piazza to the +street, but had she heard their conversation she might have staid at +home from the party she was going to that evening, and put a veto on +their grand plan.</p> + +<p>"Now, Louis," said Carrie, as soon as they were away from the house, +"you know you promised to sit up with Hope and me to-night and listen, +because nurse says at midnight all birds and beasts talk so children can +understand every word; and papa and mamma are going to a party, and they +won't come home until ever so late."</p> + +<p>"Nonsense!" said Louis, who felt very much wiser than Carrie, she being +to his mind "only a girl;" "I don't believe nurse's story. I can always +understand what Fritz says, and I say he can not bow-wow any plainer +than he did this morning when he bid me good-by."</p> + +<p>"Yes, he can," persisted Carrie. "Nurse says so, and she knows, for her +grandfather told her all about it when she was a little bit of a girl, +and he was a real old, old man. If people believed it so many years ago, +it must be true."</p> + +<p>Louis's confidence in his own wisdom was somewhat weakened by the +thought of nurse's grandfather, but, boy-like, he only began to sing +tauntingly:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">"Into woods where beasts can talk,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">I went out to take a walk."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>"I'm going to stay awake anyway, and talk to my kitty," said little +Hope, "because I know what nurse said is true. I saw my kitty laugh when +she heard nurse say it." Carrie was silent. She walked at Louis's side, +kicking the pebbles of the gravelled path with her feet.</p> + +<p>"Oh, if you girls are going to make such a fuss about it, I'll sit up +with you," said Louis; "and if nurse's grandfather said so," he added, +hesitatingly, "perhaps it is true, after all. He was a very old man, and +he must have known."</p> + +<p>"Of course he knew," said Carrie, "for nurse said he had a cow, a red +and white one, that told him lots of things every year on this very +night."</p> + +<p>After the mention of the red and white cow, Louis made no more +opposition, and the children soon separated, Louis to spend the day in +school while Carrie and Hope scampered home, said their lessons to +mamma, and then went to play with Fritz, the big dog, Bess, the white +kitty, Lorito, a large gray parrot, and the new canary which papa had +bought only the day before.</p> + +<p>When evening came papa and mamma went to the party, and nurse, who had +forgotten all about her grandfather and the red and white cow, wondered +why the children went to bed so willingly, for they were sometimes very +willful, and made nurse a great deal of trouble when she undressed them. +She was very glad they were good to-night, because, as "missis" was +away, she had made up her mind to go to a party herself, the house-maid +having promised to run up to the nursery if she heard the children +calling. There was little danger, however, that they would call for a +drink of water or anything else that night, for as they were not in the +least sure of nurse's sympathy in their midnight vigil, they had agreed +to go to bed as quiet as mice and watch their chance of slipping +unobserved to the library, where their pets spent the night. Long after +nurse had gone down stairs, and when the house was very, very still, +Carrie sat up in bed and gently called her brother, who slept in a +little room of his own adjoining the nursery.</p> + +<p>"Louis! Louis!" she said.</p> + +<p>"Oh, don't bother," answered Louis. "It won't be midnight for ever so +long."</p> + +<p>"But if we stay in bed we shall go to sleep. Hope is half asleep now."</p> + +<p>"No, I'm not sleepy," said little Hope, "and I'm going to get my kitty +and go right down to the library this very minute." She rolled out of +bed, and went to the basket in the corner where kitty was fast asleep, +and bundled her up in her little fat arms.</p> + +<p>The children all started to creep down stairs, but they shrank back a +little from the dimly lighted hall below, which somehow did not look a +bit as it did in the daytime. "Come on," said Louis, who felt very grand +as the protector of his sisters; "I've brought my new bow and arrow, and +if there is a villain there, you'll see how quick I'll lay him out. I'm +not afraid, anyway, where Fritz is," he added, half to himself. They +marched along very softly, their little bare feet sinking into the soft +velvet carpet. Louis went boldly ahead with his bow and arrow. Carrie +followed, her jet-black hair streaming down over her white night dress, +and little Hope came close behind, hugging her white kitty, who winked +in astonishment at this strange proceeding. When they reached the +library, Fritz, who was stretched on the Turkish rug before the grate, +in which a piece of English coal was burning slowly, rose to his feet, +amazed at the unusual sight; but he was too lazy for a frolic at that +hour, and after a soft "wuf-wuf" he lay down and went to sleep again. +The library was dimly lighted, and wore an air of wonder and mystery to +the now excited children. Rique, the canary, was curled into a little +round yellow ball, and paid no attention to his visitors. Lorito, who +was perched in a big gilded cage in the corner, had his beak buried in +his feathers and his eyes shut fast. He opened his eyes, however, when +the children came near, and put down his head to be rubbed, but after a +few sleepy grunts he said, "Poor Lorito, poor Lorito," and shut his eyes +again. Evidently the children's pets had no inclination to be sociable +just at present. Just then the ormolu clock on the mantel-piece struck +ten.</p> + +<p>"We shall have to wait ever so long," said Louis, "because they won't +talk till midnight. Let's lie down on the rug with Fritz."</p> + +<p>So the three children cuddled close to the big dog and waited. Louis +pulled mamma's blue and red afghan from the lounge, and after tucking it +carefully over his little sisters, crawled under it himself, and—</p> + +<p>"Bow-wow," said Fritz. "Who's got a story to tell, I wonder? I'm not +going to tell one, that's very certain, for I scratched my throat this +morning with a chicken bone."</p> + +<p>"Mew-mew," said the white kitty. "I've done lots of work to-day. I +unwound a big ball of green worsted for my little mistress, and I'm +tired. Let somebody else do the talking."</p> + +<p>"Peep," said the canary. "I'm a stranger; I only arrived yesterday, and +I ought to be entertained. Some other time I will tell you all my +adventures, but to-night I prefer to listen. I would like to hear from +that gray-coated gentleman over there in the corner, for as he is a very +distant relation of mine, both of us belonging to the great bird family, +I would, I am sure, take great interest in his history."</p> + +<p>"Lorito, you will have to do all the talking to-night," said Fritz and +the white kitty both at once. "Tell our new friend Rique all the +wonderful things you have seen, and all the strange adventures you have +been through."</p> + +<p>Thus entreated, the gray parrot, after flapping his wings several times, +in a lazy manner, began to tell his history.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 291px;"> +<img src="images/illo_006.jpg" width="291" height="400" alt=""PAPA BROUGHT THE MATERIALS."" title="" /> +<span class="caption">"PAPA BROUGHT THE MATERIALS."</span> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 291px;"> +<img src="images/illo_007.jpg" width="291" height="400" alt="PAPA FEEDING MAMMA." title="" /> +<span class="caption">PAPA FEEDING MAMMA.</span> +</div> + +<p>"I will begin my story," said the gray parrot, "with the good old times +when my grandfather and grandmother lived in the hollow of a giant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> tree +which grew in the valley of the Congo, whose broad waters flow downward +through the wildernesses of Southern Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. My +grandfather belonged to a very large family, which was increasing +rapidly; indeed, the gray parrots of Africa, with their magnificent +crimson tails, are the chief glory of the country. The children of my +grandfather were very numerous, and no father was kinder or more +skillful than he in providing them with an independent establishment, +for he believed that young people should always set up housekeeping for +themselves as soon as possible. As soon, therefore, as my father was old +enough to be married, and grandpa saw that he had already selected a +pretty wife, he immediately found him a convenient hollow tree on the +very shore of our beautiful river, which he showed to papa and mamma, +saying, 'My children, here is a fine place for your housekeeping; make +your nest at once.' Papa and mamma were a very affectionate couple, and +they aided each other in the work of nest-building. Papa brought the +materials—moss, twigs, and soft grasses—and mamma arranged them +artistically in the interior of the hollow tree, making a pretty and +comfortable apartment. The nest was soon complete, and housekeeping +began. Papa and mamma were not a moment too soon in their preparations, +for no sooner was the nest constructed than it contained three eggs. +Beautiful little eggs they were, papa has often told me, and mamma never +contradicted him. I was in one of those three eggs. My brother and my +sister were in the other two. Mamma kept us warm with the greatest care, +while papa brought her food like a good husband, always choosing the +particular fruits and other delicacies she preferred. As this attention +allowed her to brood us constantly under her warm wings, we soon became +ambitious to escape from our shells. One beautiful morning, to the great +delight of my parents, I burst the delicate prison walls which confined +me. My brother and sister made their appearance in the world a day +later."</p> + +<h4>[<span class="smcap">to be continued</span>.]</h4> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_BOYS_TELESCOPE" id="THE_BOYS_TELESCOPE"></a>THE BOY'S TELESCOPE.</h2> + +<p>The parson's boys were very fond of astronomy. They knew the chief +constellations, and kept the place of the planets as they moved along +among the stars. When their father told them how splendidly the moon and +the planets look through a telescope, they were sadly disappointed to +learn that a telescope costs so much money that he could not think of +buying even one of the smallest size. Happening to hint that <i>perhaps</i> +one might be made at home at small expense which would show the moon in +new light and bring Jupiter's moons to sight, they gave him no rest till +he had agreed that he would "see about it."</p> + +<p>A few days afterward he showed the boys two common tin tubes which the +stove man had just made. One was about one inch and a half in diameter, +and about thirty inches long; the other was about twelve inches long, +and just enough smaller to slip inside the first, and move easily out +and in. The inside of both was painted black, so that there would be no +reflecting of light inside. It is better—he told the boys—to paint the +inside, if possible, after the tube is made, because the rolling and +pounding in shaping and soldering the tube are likely to make the paint +crack off. Then he took out of his pocket a paper, and unrolled a round +spectacle glass, just big enough to slip into the end of the larger +tube. "What's that?" the children exclaimed, all at once. "This is the +object-glass of our telescope," was the answer. "The light from the +object comes through this into the tube. It is a thirty-six-inch glass; +that is, it brings the rays together at a distance of thirty-six +inches." Frank held it up to the sun, which was getting low, and when +the rays began to burn his hand, Walter brought the yard-stick, and it +was just about thirty-six inches from the glass to the spot on his hand +where he felt the heat. That was the <i>focus</i> of the glass. While the +boys were wondering how the object-glass was to be fastened into the +tube, the parson was already doing it. He had the tinman cut slits in +the end about an eighth of an inch wide and almost twice as deep. Every +other one of these he doubled back inside the tube, and pressed down +with pincers, so that there should be nothing sticking out in the way of +the moon and stars if they should try to get in. These made a rest for +the glass, so that it couldn't slip into the tube. Then he bent the +other slits down over the edge of the glass, but not so as to shut out +any light, and these slits held the glass firmly.</p> + +<p>The boys, of course, now wished to see whether the steeple of the church +looked any bigger through this tube and object-glass. They couldn't see +it so well as with the naked eye, and feared the new telescope was a +failure. But their father told them it was too soon yet to vote on that +question. He told Frank to hold out his hand, and see whether the sun +would burn his hand through the glass and tube, as it did through the +glass alone. It did. "Now," said he, "if you hold this tube up to +Jupiter, at thirty-six inches from the glass there will be a very small +image of him and his moons. If we could only see that image or picture +through a microscope, we might see the moons as plainly as we see +Jupiter himself with the naked eye."</p> + +<p>"Why won't our microscope do?" asked Walter.</p> + +<p>The parson said we couldn't get the image and the microscope together +rightly; but while he was explaining, he was also unrolling another +paper, out of which came a big bulging glass almost as round as a boy's +eye. The edges of this had been ground down so that it would go into the +end of the small tube, and it was fastened in just as the other was, +only the slits needed to be a little longer, because the glass was +thicker. This was a one-inch eyeglass; that is, it must be an inch from +the object or image at which you are looking. He then cut in a piece of +paper a round hole about as big as a shirt button, and pasted this over +the eyeglass, and covered the end of the tube around, so that no light +could come in there except through this small opening in the paper, +which was so put on that the eye must look through the middle of the +glass. He also pasted some strips of brown paper around the other end of +the telescope, jutting over the object-glass just enough to keep it from +breaking, and to prevent any light from coming through the edges, but +not letting the paper touch this glass, as it did the eyeglass. The +object-glass wants all the light it can get.</p> + +<p>The boys had the first look; but they could see nothing, though the +woods to which the glass was turned were yet visible.</p> + +<p>"What's the focus of the glasses?" asked the parson.</p> + +<p>"Thirty-six inches and one inch," was the correct answer.</p> + +<p>The boys marked where the thirty-six inches ended, measuring from the +object-glass. They then brought the eyeglass up to within about an inch +of that, and looked through it again.</p> + +<p>"Oh-oh-oo!" exclaimed Frank: "I see the trees so near that I can get +hold of them, but they're bottom side up!"</p> + +<p>"Yes," said their father, "but that will make little difference when +looking at Jupiter or the moon."</p> + +<p>They all had to wait what seemed a long time for the darkness to come, +and let the stars appear. When the parson returned from the post-office +after tea, he said it would be impossible to hold the tube in the hands +<i>steadily</i> enough to see the planets plainly. So he found a strip of +board about a foot long and two or three inches wide, which was hollowed +out on one side. Into this hollow he fixed the tube by common tacks and +small wire. Then through the middle of this strip he bored a large +gimlet hole, and put in a long screw, and went to the workshop in the +basement to make a standard into which to screw the strip which held the +tube. He couldn't find nor make just what he wanted soon enough—the +boys said that "Jupiter had just come out clear"—and so he caught the +first box he could lay hold of, and screwed the tube upon one of its +sides, just tight enough to hold it snug, yet let it move up or down. +Then he called for a light stand, and case knives to make it and the box +stand perfectly <i>still</i>. He took his place on the portico, got +everything ready, and said he was "afraid to look for fear the boys +would be disappointed." Frank said he "would like to look," and so, as +he had been the most anxious to have the telescope made, his father gave +him the first chance to be glad or sorry. After moving the box and the +tube a little all kept silent, but soon Frank began a louder "Oo-oo-oo!" +than before, and, much excited, exclaimed: "I see 'em: four red bright +little fellows, all in a straight line," and then he ran as if half +crazy, shouting, to his mother: "We got 'em, mother, all four of 'em! I +wouldn't swap our telescope for any other. Come and see!"</p> + +<p>The parson too was much delighted. As he happened to look at the other +side of the box, he was amused to find that he had mounted his telescope +on a "Eureka Soap" box. In a few days he made an upright standard, into +which he bolted the telescope just tight enough to hold it, but let it +move freely. A common screw becomes too<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> loose in a little while. The +instrument cost the parson only forty cents for the tubes; the glasses +were given, but ought not to cost more than a dollar or two. If a +one-inch eyeglass can not be had, a two-inch eyeglass will answer quite +well. The reason for having two tubes is that eyes differ, and that what +is bought for a thirty-six inch glass may be an inch or two more or less +than that, so that the smaller tube must be moved back and forth till +the eye finds where the view is plainest. This instrument shows the moon +beautifully. You read of the circular mountains and the extinct +volcanoes; here you see them. It is especially delightful to see in the +new moon the light breaking over the mountain-tops and through the +notches while all the plain behind is yet in the dark. Though it is now +a good while since the parson made the telescope, he waits impatiently +every month for the new moon to come again.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_MAGIC_BOTTLE" id="THE_MAGIC_BOTTLE"></a>THE MAGIC BOTTLE.</h2> + +<p>There are few persons who have not been puzzled, when witnessing the +exhibitions of conjurers and performers of feats of legerdemain, by the +<i>magic bottle</i>, out of the neck of which the exhibitor can pour any one +of quite a number of liquids at his will. It may interest the reader to +see an explanation of the means by which the apparently magical effect +is produced, especially as it involves an explanation of a certain +philosophical principle which it is very useful for all to understand.</p> + +<p>The pressure of the atmosphere all around us is so great that no liquid +can issue against it from a close vessel, unless air is at the same time +admitted to balance the external pressure by an internal one of the same +amount. In the case of pouring water from a bottle the mouth of which is +tolerably large, the air passes in in large bubbles as the water comes +out, producing the gurgling sound always heard in such a case.</p> + +<p>Where the orifice is too small to allow of the admission of these +bubbles of air, the liquid will only flow out as fast as the air is +allowed to enter in some other way, as shown in the engraving, where the +water will not issue from the lower end of the tube except when the +finger is raised from the upper end so as to admit the air.</p> + +<p>There are various ingenious contrivances by means of which curious +effects are produced through the operation of this principle. One, +called the magic tunnel, is made double, with a space inclosed between +the walls. There is an orifice communicating with this chamber at the +top of the handle, which orifice is so situated that it can be opened or +closed at pleasure by the thumb of the person holding it without +attracting the attention of the spectator. Now if the body of the tunnel +is filled, or partly filled, with pure water, while the hidden chamber +contains a liquid deeply colored—with cochineal, for example—the +person holding it can cause pure water to flow from it by keeping the +orifice in the handle closed by his thumb, or colored water by simply +raising his thumb and allowing the liquid in the concealed chamber to +flow out and mingle with the clear water as it issues from the tube +below.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 179px;"> +<img src="images/illo_008.jpg" width="179" height="300" alt="Fig. 1." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fig. 1.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 219px;"> +<img src="images/illo_009.jpg" width="219" height="300" alt="Fig. 2." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fig. 2.</span> +</div> + +<p>The magic bottle acts on the same principle, though presenting it in +another form. The bottle is usually made of tin, though colored on the +outer surface to represent glass. Within, it contains several different +receptacles, as shown in Fig. 1, each communicating by a separate pipe +with the mouth of the bottle. Each of these receptacles is also provided +with another tube, by which air may be admitted so as to allow the +liquid contained in it to flow. These air tubes open by orifices in the +side of the bottle, as shown in Fig. 2, which are covered and concealed +by the thumb and the ends of the fingers of the operator, and may be +kept closed or may be slightly opened at pleasure. By this means any one +of five different liquids may be poured from the mouth of the bottle.</p> + +<p>Of course it requires some dexterity to manipulate such an apparatus +skillfully, in order to keep all the holes concealed from the +spectators, and to open the right one, just enough to admit the air, and +at the right time. The point of interest, however, for the general +reader in the whole subject is the philosophical principle which is +involved, namely, that the pressure of the atmosphere in every direction +all around us is such that no liquid can issue from any orifice against +the force of it acting <i>from without inward</i>, unless by the admission of +air or the providing by some other means of an equal force to act <i>from +within outward</i> as a counterpoise.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="TWO_WAYS_OF_PUTTING_IT" id="TWO_WAYS_OF_PUTTING_IT"></a>TWO WAYS OF PUTTING IT.</h2> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">The Sultan awoke with a stifled scream:</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">His nerves were shocked by a fearful dream:</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">An omen of terrible import and doubt—</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">His teeth in one moment all fell out.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">His wisemen assembled at break of day,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And stood by the throne in solemn array.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And when the terrible dream was told,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Each felt a shudder, his blood ran cold,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And all stood silent, in fear and dread,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And wondering what was best to be said.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">At length an old soothsayer, wrinkled and gray,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Cried, "Pardon, my lord, what I have to say;</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">"'Tis an omen of sorrow sent from on high:</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Thou shalt see all thy kindred die."</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Wroth was the Sultan; he gnashed his teeth,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And his very words seemed to hiss and seethe,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">As he ordered the Wiseman bound with chains,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And gave him a hundred stripes for his pains.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">The wisemen shook as the Sultan's eye</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Swept round to see who next would try;</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">But one of them, stepping before the throne,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Exclaimed, in a loud and joyous tone:</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">"Exult, O head of a happy state!</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Rejoice, O heir of a glorious fate!</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">"For this is the favor thou shalt win,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">O Sultan—to outlive all thy kin!"</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Pleased was the Sultan, and called a slave,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And a hundred crowns to the wiseman gave.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">But the courtiers they nod, with grave, sly winks,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">And each one whispers what each one thinks,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">"Well can the Sultan reward and blame:</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Didn't both of the wisemen foretell the same?"</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Quoth the crafty old Vizier, shaking his head,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">"So much may depend on the way a thing's said!"</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/illo_010.jpg" width="600" height="260" alt="OUR POST-OFFICE BOX." title="" /> +</div> + +<p><i>To our Young Friends:</i></p> + +<p>As we can not expect to receive letters from you until you have been +notified of the existence of our Post-office Box, we open the +correspondence by writing to you, and asking you to think of us in the +future. We should like to hear from you upon any subject which may +interest you. If you have any questions to ask regarding your studies or +your reading, we shall take great pleasure in advising you; or should +you desire any information which you can not obtain from books within +your reach, we will do our best to aid you. We shall also be glad to +hear about your sports, your pets, or about any curious thing in nature +which may come under your observation.</p> + +<p>You must bear in mind that your communications must be very brief, +because there are so many of you that we can not give a great deal of +space to any one. We will endeavor to be kind and attentive to each and +all alike.</p> + +<p>It is very easy in these times to send letters in Uncle Sam's big +mail-bag; and when you write on your neat, delicate note-paper, and put +the pretty postage-stamp on the right-hand corner of the envelope, +perhaps you never think of the way your great-grandparents went to work +when they wanted to send a letter. First they took a very large square +sheet of coarse blue paper, or, if they were young ladies and +fancy-minded, one with a bright tint of pink or yellow. As postage was +high, when they had written the pages full, straight across, they would +turn the sheet sideways, and write at right angles to the other lines, +and then corner-wise, perhaps, with a different-colored ink. There were +no envelopes in those days, and the sheets had to be ingeniously folded, +so that no curious postmaster could pry into family secrets. There was +always a portion of the last page left blank, to form the outside of the +letter, which, after being folded and directed, was sealed with a big +red wafer. It was then ready to be started off the next time the +stage-coach came through the town, for there were no railroads in those +days, and often the mail-bag was carried miles and miles on horseback +through wild regions where now the steam-engine whirls along with its +long train of cars.</p> + +<p>It was not necessary in those days to prepay the postage, which was much +dearer than it is now. There were no postage-stamps, and big figures +were written or stamped on the outside of the letter to denote the cost +of transportation. In those times it often took weeks to send a letter +to places where now only a day is required.</p> + +<p>Do any of you know the name of the man who first thought of the great +benefit cheap postage would be to the world, and can you tell something +about the great work he accomplished in that direction, and when and +where he died?</p> + +<p>Our Post-office Box is now open for your contributions, which we trust +will be neatly and correctly written, because an editor's eyes have a +great deal of important work to do, and ought not to be employed in +deciphering illegible writing.</p> + +<p>Trusting that our acquaintance may be pleasant and lasting, the editor +bids you welcome to the pages of <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 499px;"> +<img src="images/illo_011.jpg" width="499" height="500" alt="THE ORPHANS." title="" /> +<span class="caption">THE ORPHANS.</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illo_012.jpg" width="500" height="225" alt="FUN" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>A Boy who is not fond of fun and frolic may possibly make a tolerable +man, but he is an intolerable boy.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>An Irish lover remarked that it is a great pleasure to be alone, +"especially whin yer swateheart is wid ye."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>If a man's horses should lose their tails, why should he sell them +wholesale?—Because he can't retail them.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>"I'd just like to see you," said a blind man to a policeman who told him +he would lock him up if he didn't move on.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A little girl of four years was recently called as a witness in a police +court, and in answer to the question what became of little girls who +told lies, innocently replied that they were sent to bed.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>When a certain King of England visited Scotland, many years ago, the +following conversation took place between two countrymen:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sandy</span>. "Weel, Jock, hae ye seen the king?"</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Jock</span>. "Oh ay, I hae seen the king; but I wadna gang the length o' the +street to see him again. He's just made like ony ither mon, an' they +tell't me his arms were a lion an' a unicorn."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">A Quandary</span>.—If a boy should catch hold of your ear, and ask if he had +the wrong pig by the ear, would you answer yes or no?</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">A melancholy Case of Suicide</span>.—A naughty little boy, having been +threatened with a whipping, immediately hung his head.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A little girl being asked by her grandfather where cotton grew, replied, +with the greatest simplicity, "In old gentlemen's ears."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>A man who lisped, having bought some pigs, asked a neighbor for the use +of a pen for a few days. Said he: "I have jutht been purchathing thome +thwine—two thowth and pigth. I want to put them in your pen till I can +fix a plaith for them." "Two thousand pigs!" exclaimed the astonished +neighbor; "why, my pen will hardly hold a dozen!" "You don't underthtand +me, Mr. Bent. I don't thay two thouthand pigth, but two thowth and +pigth!" "I hear you," said Mr. Bent; "two thousand pigs! Why, you must be +crazy." "I tell you again," exclaimed the man, angrily, "I mean not two +thouthand pigth, but two thowth and two pigth!" "Oh, that is what you +mean, eh? Well, the pen is at your service."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h4>LETTER PUZZLE.</h4> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>First</i> in long, but not in short;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Second</i> in hop, but not in malt;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Third</i> in Ellen, also in Anne;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Fourth</i> in wagon, not in van;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Fifth</i> in fun, but not in sport;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Sixth</i> in teach, but not in taught;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Seventh</i> in ale, but not in stout;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Eighth</i> in bawl, but not in shout;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Ninth</i> in mould, but not in sand;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><i>Tenth</i> in water, but not in land.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;">In these rhymes there may be found</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 16em;">A living poet much renowned.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>What is it that always has some hitch about it?—A harness.</p> + +<p>Which is the most contemptuous bird?—The owl; he hoots at everything.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="GYMNASTIC_EXERCISES" id="GYMNASTIC_EXERCISES"></a>GYMNASTIC EXERCISES.</h2> + +<p><i>Pole-Leaping.</i>—The pole which is used for this exercise should be of +sound ash, rounded throughout its length, which should be in proportion +to the height of the jumper and the space to be jumped over. It is +advisable to practice this kind of jumping at first without a run. For +this purpose he who is about to jump fixes the end of the pole in the +ground in front of him, at a distance which may be gradually increased +with the efforts of the jumper; then he seizes the pole with his two +hands—the top one a little above his head, and the lower one a little +above the level of his hips. He springs off equally with both feet, +throwing most of his weight upon his arms, and pushing himself forward +as far as possible by bearing on the pole, which he then slackens, and +falls to the ground, trying to alight as softly as possible. If he fall +on his heels, all the body receives a great shock; the brain strikes +against the bones which surround it, which may often result in injuries +to the head. If he fall too much on his toes, he may, perhaps, sprain +them. It is necessary, then, to contrive so as to fall on the sole or +ball of the foot, and only to let the heel touch the ground afterward.</p> + +<p>In order to jump over a space with a run, he places himself at a +certain distance from the space over which he is to leap, and after +having seized the pole with his right hand a little above his head (the +thumb in the air), and with his left hand a little above his thighs (the +thumb downward), he starts forward, holding the lower end of the pole in +front of him. Arrived at the edge of the ditch, or whatever it may be, +over which he is to leap, he sticks the pole in the ground before him, +then, by sudden and active effort, he raises his body, bearing his hands +on the pole in such a manner as to turn it from the right-hand side to +the left, and leaps the space, the body being nearly in a horizontal +position; he then reaches the ground by bending the joints of the legs. +He should at first practice at short distances.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><i>Indian Clubs.</i>—The exercises with the Indian clubs are of a more +recent date than those with dumb-bells. They were introduced into Europe +by a military officer, who had seen the Persians exercise with them. +These exercises are performed alternately with the two hands, and +sometimes simultaneously, with two instruments of a massive conical +form, which in Persia are called <i>nulo</i>, and in India <i>mugdaughs</i>. They +are very useful for increasing the muscular power of the arms and +shoulders, opening the chest, and strengthening the hands and wrists. +They have also the advantage of rendering the player with them +ambidextrous, or two-handed; that is to say, of making the left hand as +able and vigorous as the right, and enabling him to use one as readily +as the other. As instruments of exercise they are as fitted for women +and girls as for men and boys. Gracefully used, they give a good +carriage and deportment, not always obtained by other means. Dumb-bell +practice should precede the use of the Indian clubs. In beginning with +the latter, take off your coat and cravat, loosen your braces and +waistcoat, and put on a belt.</p> + +<p>The most simple exercises with the Indian clubs consist in carrying them +to the shoulder, sometimes with the right arm, sometimes with the +left—in carrying the club before and behind, to the left and to the +right. In the more difficult exercises you move the clubs alternately +around the body, seizing them at first by the hand, and holding them +parallel to the legs, the arms held down without stiffness, the clubs in +a straight line with them. Then raise the right club, without the +slightest jerk, in front and near to the body in the direction of the +left shoulder, until the forearm passes the head, the club always +remaining vertical. Then continue to pass the club behind the body, +bringing it toward the right shoulder, and letting it gradually descend +to the ground. The same movement is repeated with the left club, by +commencing to raise it toward the right shoulder, and so on continually. +Practice all the movements slowly; but when you have once familiarized +yourself with the exercises you may execute them more quickly, always +taking care that one club descends while the other ascends.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>A NEW SERIAL</h2> + +<h3>BY GEORGE MACDONALD.</h3> + +<p>A brilliant serial story by <span class="smcap">George MacDonald</span>, with illustrations by +<span class="smcap">Alfred Fredericks</span>, will shortly be begun in <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h2><i>Harper's Young People.</i></h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates:</p> + +<p>Four cents a number.</p> + +<p>Single subscriptions for one year, $1.50; five subscriptions, one year, +$7.00—payable in advance. Postage free.</p> + +<p>Subscriptions may begin with any number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +number issued after the receipt of order.</p> + +<p>Remittances should be made by Post-office Money Order, or Draft, to +avoid risk of loss.</p> + +<p>Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>A LIBERAL OFFER FOR 1880 ONLY.</h2> + +<p>☞ <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> <i>and</i> <span class="smcap">Harper's Weekly</span> <i>will be +sent to any address for one year, commencing with the first number of</i> +<span class="smcap">Harper's Weekly</span>, <i>for January, 1880, on receipt of $5.00 for the two +Periodicals</i>.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, November 4, 1879, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, NOV 4, 1879 *** + +***** This file should be named 28185-h.htm or 28185-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/1/8/28185/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, November 4, 1879 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 25, 2009 [EBook #28185] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, NOV 4, 1879 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: HARPER'S + +YOUNG PEOPLE + +AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.] + + + * * * * * + +VOL. I.--NO. 1. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR +CENTS. + +Tuesday, November 4, 1879. Copyright, 1879, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 +per Year, in Advance. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: "TONI HIRZEL HASTENED OUT OF THE COTTAGE."--DRAWN BY +C. S. REINHART.] + +THE BRAVE SWISS BOY. + +_I.--THE SWISS PEASANT AND HIS SON._ + + +The first beams of the morning sun were tipping with fire the jagged and +icy peaks of the Wellhorn and Matterhorn, those gigantic monarchs of the +Bernese Oberland, when a slender youth came out to the door of a small +herdsman's cottage near Meyringen, and looked up at the sky to note the +weather. + +"We shall have a splendid day, father," said he, after glancing all +around for a few minutes. "There isn't a cloud to be seen, and the +fir-trees sparkle like silver in the morning air." + +"I am glad to hear it, Walter," replied a powerful voice from inside the +cottage, "for I must cross the hill to Grindelwald to-day to see my +cousin. It is a long journey, and much pleasanter in fine weather than +in rain and fog. You can let out the goats, and look after the cow, for +we must milk them before I go." + +"Oh, Liesli is not far off," was the rejoinder; "I see her coming along; +she is passing Frieshardt's house now. She is a good cow, and always +knows when it's milking-time. But what is that?" he exclaimed, after a +short pause. "Frieshardt is driving her into his yard!--Hi, neighbor! +what are you doing? Don't you know whom that cow belongs to?" + +"Yes, of course I do," replied the farmer, roughly. "But I've taken a +fancy to the cow, and mean to keep her. You can tell your father that, +if you like, and say that if he wants her he can come and fetch her." + +"Father! father!" cried the boy, turning round, "Neighbor Frieshardt has +taken our cow away. Come and get her back." + +Obeying his son's call, Toni Hirzel hastened out of the cottage just in +time to see his neighbor locking the byre upon Liesli, the only cow he +possessed. "Oho, my friend," he exclaimed, "what is the meaning of +this?" + +"Don't you understand, Hirzel?" replied his neighbor, in a mocking and +sarcastic tone. "Recollect what you promised me the other day. You have +been owing me forty francs since last winter, and said you would pay me +yesterday. But as you have forgotten it, I have taken your cow, and mean +to keep her till I get the money back." + +Toni Hirzel frowned and bit his lips. "You know very well," said he, +"that I have not been able to pay my small debt. My poor wife's illness +and funeral cost me a great deal of money; but you know quite well that +I am an honest man, and that there is no need for you to behave in such +an unkind and unfriendly way toward me. It is not neighborly, +Frieshardt." + +"Neighborly nonsense!" replied the farmer. "The cow belongs to me until +you pay the money." + +With these words he turned on his heel and went into his house, the size +and general appearance of which bespoke the comfort, if not the luxury, +of its owner. With a sad and anxious expression Toni Hirzel followed him +with his eye. + +"But, father," said the youth, in surprise and anger, "do you mean +quietly to put up with that? I wouldn't suffer it, if I were you." + +"Hush, hush, my boy!" replied his father quietly. "It is certainly not +very kind of Frieshardt to treat a poor neighbor in such a harsh way; +but he has the law on his side, for I can't deny that I owe him the +money. I should have paid him long ago if it had been possible, but your +poor mother's illness and death prevented me. We must have patience. I +dare say my cousin will lend me the forty francs if I ask him, and then +we shall get our cow back again. Don't be afraid, Watty. You shall see +Liesli feeding in the meadow again to-morrow." + +"Yes, that she shall, father," said the boy, in a decided tone. "She +shall be brought back whether you get the money or not. Frieshardt shall +give her up to-day, and be thoroughly ashamed into the bargain for his +hard-heartedness. He has got forty cows on the hills, and yet robs a +poor neighbor of the only one he has got. What harm have we done him, +that he should treat us in such a way?" + +"I will tell you, Watty, for you are now growing tall and sensible, so +that one can talk to you," replied his father. "He has envied me the +possession of Liesli for a long time, for she is the best cow in the +whole neighborhood; and he offered me two hundred francs for her last +autumn. As I wouldn't sell her, he has seized her now, thinking that I +can't pay him the money he has lent me. If I were to go to law with him, +the cow would be valued, and he would only pay me what she is worth over +and above the debt. That is his calculation. But I hope he will soon +find that he has made a great mistake." + +"Yes, I hope he will, father," said the boy. "Go over to Grindelwald +quietly, but don't be annoyed if you can't borrow the money. I tell you +that I will get the cow back this very day; and you know, father, that +when I say so I mean it." + +"I hope you haven't got any foolish plans in your head, Watty," said his +father. "It is of no use trying force against our neighbor, for he is to +a certain extent in the right." + +"I am not thinking of using force," said the boy. "Leave the matter to +me, and go quietly on your journey. I know perfectly well what I am +going to do, and you may be certain that it is nothing wrong." + +The tall and ruddy youth looked at his father with such a steady and +open expression that all his fears were silenced. "Well, you are no +longer a child, Walter," said he. "You were sixteen last May, and ought +to have come to years of discretion. But I should very much like to know +what plan you have got in your head. Won't you tell me, boy?" + +"You shall hear to-night, after you come back, father," replied Walter, +smiling. "But I assure you again that there is nothing wrong or wicked +in it, and give you my hand upon it." + +"Well, then, do whatever you have a mind to," said his father. "I must +not lose any more time, or it will be too late before I get back. +Farewell, my boy, and see that you don't play any roguish tricks." + +With these words the peasant took his alpenstock, as the long +iron-pointed stick is named which is used for crossing the ice-fields, +and set forth. + +"Good-by, my dear father," said the boy, gazing after him until a turn +in the road hid him from view. "It is better that you should go away +quietly and without anxiety. If I had told you what I am going to do, +you would have been vexed and nervous, and have tried to turn me from +it. But now I shall have nothing to hinder me, and I can set to work in +earnest. I will milk the goats first, though, that the poor animals may +not suffer till I get back." + +Obedient to his loud call, the goats came frisking along; and after +having relieved them of their milk, Walter drank some, ate a little +black bread to it, and then put the rest of the milk in a flat pan, +which he set carefully in the cool cellar. When the goats had returned +to the hills, and were clambering from crag to crag in search of grass +and herbage, Walter slung a light hunting bag across his shoulder, stuck +a small axe with a short handle into his belt, and a knife into his +pocket, filled a bottle with goat's milk, and then cut off a large hunch +of bread and placed it with the bottle in his bag. He then selected a +stout alpenstock and tried it carefully, to see if the iron point was +sharp and strong. When these preparations were made, he looked for a +piece of thin strong cord, such as the chamois-hunters take with them on +their dangerous Alpine journeys, put it into his bag beside the bread +and milk, and quitted the cottage, the door of which he bolted on the +outside. + +The cottage was about half an hour's walk from the inn on the road from +Meyringen to Grindelwald, and thither the stout-hearted youth turned his +steps. The sun was still low in the east when he arrived, for it was +early in the morning; but a number of horses and mules stood at the door +of the inn waiting for their riders. Several guides were loitering +about, ready to conduct travellers either to the steep heights lying +above the village, down to the beautiful water-falls of the Reichenbach, +or to the village of Meyringen. + +"Well, Watty Hirzel," said one of the guides in answer to the boy's +salute, "I suppose you want to earn a couple of francs to-day, as you +have come armed with alpenstock and game bag? You couldn't have chosen a +better day. Every room in the inn is full, and you will easily get +somebody to take to the glaciers or anywhere else." + +"No, no, Mohrle," replied the boy; "I haven't come to take your trade +away from you; I only want to speak to Mr. Seymour, the gentleman from +Scotland who has been staying here for about a month. He hasn't left +yet, I hope?" + +"No; there he is at the window," said the guide. "But you won't be able +to earn anything from him, for he knows all the roads of the Oberland as +well as any of us. What do you want to speak to him about?" + +"You will find that out in the evening, perhaps, when you come back," +replied Walter. "It is a secret at present." + +"Aha! I understand. You have discovered the track of a chamois, and are +going to take the gentleman to see if he can get a shot at it. He seems +quite mad upon hunting, and I dare say you will get a five-franc piece +if you help him." + +"Very likely, Mohrle," replied the youth, with a laugh; and then bowed +to the gentleman, who stood at a window of the inn surveying the lively +scene below. Opening the window, he beckoned to the boy, who bowed +again, and went into the house. + +"He is a sharp boy," said the guide to one of his companions. "There are +not many lads in the Oberland who are as bold and active in climbing as +he is. And no one can beat him for deer-stalking. But it's no wonder, +for Toni Hirzel, his father, is the best chamois-hunter in this part of +the country." + +"Yes, he is a brave fellow," was the reply. "I know his father well. +There isn't a cleverer sportsman in the mountains; but it's a dangerous +life, and I shouldn't like to change places with him. It is much more +comfortable to show strangers the sights; there is less peril and a +great deal more profit in it." + +"And yet I would wager anything that Toni wouldn't change places with +us," replied the first speaker. "He told me only a week ago that it was +impossible to give up the hunting life. 'My father and grandfather both +lost their lives by it,' said he, 'and I know I sha'n't fare any better; +but whenever I see the track of a chamois, I must be off after it.' That +is the way with all your chamois-hunters." + +"Well, may God long preserve him from such an awful death!" said the +other. "But there comes our party. Look after your horse, Mohrle." + +The conversation was thus abruptly cut short. The ladies and gentlemen +mounted the animals that were waiting for them, and in a few minutes the +space in front of the inn was cleared of the busy throng. + +"Now, then," said the young Scotchman, whose attention had been occupied +with the company which had just left, and who now turned to Walter. +"Has your father discovered some new tracks, and sent you to tell me?" + +"No, Sir. I have come to ask you if you were in earnest the other day, +and if you really wish to have a vulture's brood." + +"A vulture's brood, boy?" inquired the Scotchman, with eager and +sparkling eyes. "Have you discovered one?" + +"Yes, Sir," replied the youth. "I have clambered up among the wild +ravines of the Engelhorn for several days, and yesterday I descried a +spot where I am pretty certain there is an eyrie. If so, the young birds +must be well fledged already; so it won't do to lose much time in +getting them." + +"Well, go and fetch them, then," exclaimed the gentleman, hastily. "I +have set my mind upon having a couple of young vultures." + +"And you shall have them, if Heaven preserves my feet from slipping and +my hand from trembling," said the boy. "But I must first know what you +are willing to give me for the birds." + +"I have already told you that you shall have thirty francs if you bring +them here alive." + +Walter shook his head. "That is not enough, Sir," he replied. "I can't +do it for that. I must have forty francs." + +A smile almost of contempt passed over the lips of Mr. Seymour. "So +young, and already so greedy!" said he. "Begone! I hate avarice, and +will rather lose the birds than be cheated in such a way." + +Walter blushed deeply. His feelings were so wounded by these words that +his heart swelled as if it would burst, and his eyes filled with tears. +But with a vigorous effort he controlled himself, and gave a quiet +answer. "It is not greed or avarice that makes me ask for more money. +You condemn me unjustly, Sir." + +"What else, then, can it be?" inquired Mr. Seymour, angrily. + +In a few simple words Walter described the harsh conduct of the neighbor +who had taken away his father's cow for a debt of forty francs, and said +that he had hoped the stranger would readily give the trifling sum of +ten francs more if he only knew how dangerous it was to attempt the +vulture's eyrie. While he spoke, the angry look gradually disappeared +from the traveller's face, and he smiled with friendliness and goodwill +upon the boy. + +"And you will expose yourself to this danger to serve your father?" he +inquired. + +"Yes, Sir; I have made up my mind to do so." + +"But is it so very dangerous to get at the nest?" + +"So dangerous that I couldn't make up my mind to it yesterday," replied +Walter. "It is built on one of the steepest crags of the Engelhorn, and +can only be reached by a very narrow ridge of rock with dreadful +precipices on both sides." + +"And you are going to risk your life to help your father to pay the +money he owes?" + +"Yes; and I am not afraid, if I can only be sure of the reward." + +"Well, then, that alters my opinion. Bring me the young vultures, and +the forty francs are yours." + +Walter warmly thanked the liberal stranger for his generosity, and was +about to leave the room; but, surprised at the boy's courage, and +perhaps alarmed at the idea of exposing him to such frightful peril, Mr. +Seymour called him back. + +"I have changed my mind," said he: "I really have no use for the birds, +at least not at present, and I dare say you will be able to discover +another nest that can be got at without so much danger; and to tell you +the truth, I don't care about having such young ones. Go quietly home, +my boy. But why do you look so sorrowful and alarmed? Oh, I see: you are +afraid of losing the money. No, no; I didn't mean that. Take these two +gold coins--they are a present from me--that will just make up the sum +that your father wants." + +Walter stood as if thunder-struck, unable to understand such generosity, +and thought the stranger was joking with him in giving such a large sum +for nothing. + +"Take it, my boy--take it," said Mr. Seymour, smiling. "Your father must +and shall be assisted in his difficulty, for he must be a good man to +have such a brave and affectionate son. But the life of a human being +can't be risked for the sake of a couple of stupid birds." + +In surprise and confusion Walter took the money, expressed his +thankfulness in a few mumbled words, and shuffled out of the room. When +he reached the open air, he recovered his self-possession to some +extent, and holding the gold coins fast in one hand, threw his cap up in +the air with the other, uttered a loud shout of joy, and bounded +homeward again at the top of his speed. Having reached the cottage, he +put the money in a corner of the cupboard in which his father kept his +small stock of cash, locked the door, and put the key in a place of +safety, and then left the cottage again. + +"Now everything is in first-rate order," said he to himself. "Father +will be sure to find the money when he comes back, and I shall have +plenty of time to see how the vulture's nest is to be got at. Mr. +Seymour shall have the birds, no matter what trouble and danger it may +cost me. He shall soon see that I am neither selfish nor unthankful to +him for his generosity." + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + * * * * * + + +="I can Swim, Sir."=--During a terrible naval battle between the English +and the Dutch, the English flag-ship, commanded by Admiral Narborough, +was drawn into the thickest of the fight. Two masts were soon shot away, +and the mainmast fell with a fearful crash upon the deck. Admiral +Narborough saw that all was lost unless he could bring up his ships from +the right. Hastily scrawling an order, he called for volunteers to swim +across the boiling water, under the hail of shot and shell. A dozen +sailors at once offered their services, and among them a cabin-boy. +"Why," said the admiral, "what can you do, my fearless lad?" "I can +swim, Sir," the boy replied; "if I be shot, I can be easier spared than +any one else." Narborough hesitated; his men were few, and his position +desperate. The boy plunged into the sea, amid the cheers of the sailors, +and was soon lost to sight. The battle raged fiercer, and, as the time +went on, defeat seemed inevitable. But, just as hope was fading, a +thundering cannonade was heard from the right, and the reserves were +seen bearing down upon the enemy. By sunset the Dutch fleet was +scattered far and wide, and the cabin-boy, the hero of the hour, was +called in to receive the honor due to him. His bearing so won the heart +of the old admiral that he exclaimed, "I shall live to see you have a +flag-ship of your own." The prediction was fulfilled when the cabin-boy, +having become Admiral Cloudesley Shovel, was knighted by the king. + + + + +THE GOLDEN GLOVE. + + +There was a young, rich, and beautiful lady who was about to be married +to a lord. A day or two before the wedding the lord brought his friend, +a gallant and handsome young farmer, to see the lady of his choice. The +lady fell in love at first sight with the farmer, and ere they parted, +the farmer was as deep in love with her. + +When the morning of the wedding had come, the lady, love-sick for the +young farmer, instead of betaking herself to the kirk to be married, +took to her bed, and the wedding was put off. Nevertheless, in the +afternoon, she disguised her face, and dressing herself in manly +apparel, went with cross-bow on her shoulder, and with her dogs at her +heels, to hunt on the grounds of the young farmer, which were part of +her own estate. + +She crossed and recrossed the fields, whistled and hallooed to her dogs, +without meeting the farmer. As she was beginning to fear that he was +absent, and was about to withdraw, she met him coming up the road. + +She professed to be surprised to see him, as she understood he was to be +at the wedding to give away the bride to the lord. + +"Ah!" said the young farmer, with a sigh, "I would she were as poor as +myself, that I might ask her to give herself to me." + +"Are you, then, in love with the promised bride of the young lord your +friend? How would you answer to him, should the lady favor your hopes?" +said she. + +"With sword and axe I would give him a meeting, and let the best man +win." + +[Illustration: "HERE IS A GLOVE I PICKED UP ON THE WAY."] + +At parting, the lady drew from her pocket a glove embroidered with gold, +and said to the farmer, "Here is a glove I picked up on the way thither; +as I am a stranger here, I will leave it with you in order that you may +find the owner." + +Next day she sent out the crier to say that she had lost a glove +embroidered with gold, and that she would take the man who found it for +her husband, if the man were willing. + +The young farmer heard the proclamation, and, half wild with joy, and +half doubting his good fortune, took his way to the house of the lady. +He presented the glove, and modestly reminded her of the reward promised +to the finder, and although that reward was far above his hopes, it was +what his heart most ardently desired. + +Before he left her, she confirmed the promise of the crier, and agreed +to take him for her husband. The report was soon spread abroad, and +coming to the young lord's ears, he demanded that the farmer should +resign his claim to the lady, or else meet him in single combat. + +The farmer answered that he would never resign the lady while there was +breath in his body, but that he would meet the young lord when and where +he pleased, and with whatever weapons he liked to choose. + +Swords and bucklers being chosen, on the day appointed for the fight the +lord and the farmer, accompanied by their seconds, or shield-bearers, +and their friends, met to settle their difference. With the assistance +of their shields the combatants warded off each other's blows for some +time, but at last the farmer clove his adversary's shield in twain, and +following up his advantage, brought the young lord to his knees by a +blow on his helmet. + +Then putting his sword to his throat, he made the young lord resign all +claim to the lady, and beg his own life. + +Soon the handsome young farmer and the rich and beautiful lady were +married, and after a time she told him of her device of the glove, and +how the game that she hunted that day with her dogs and her cross-bow +was the young farmer himself. Both agreed that for the hunter and the +hunted that hunting was the happiest that had ever been undertaken in +Thule. + + * * * * * + + +=Nature's Barometers.=--Certain movements on the part of the animal +creation before a change of weather appear to indicate a reasoning +faculty. Such seems to be the case with the common garden spider, which, +on the approach of rainy or windy weather, will be found to shorten and +strengthen the guys of his web, lengthening the same when the storm is +over. There is a popular superstition that it is unlucky for an angler +to meet a single magpie, but two of the birds together are a good omen. +The reason is that the birds foretell the coming of cold or stormy +weather, and at such times, instead of searching for food for their +young in pairs, one will always remain on the nest. Sea-gulls predict +storms by assembling on the land, as they know that the rain will bring +earth-worms and larvae to the surface. This, however, is merely a search +for food, and is due to the same instinct which teaches the swallow to +fly high in fine weather, and skim along the ground when foul is coming. +They simply follow the flies and gnats, which remain in the warm strata +of the air. The different tribes of wading birds always migrate before +rain, likewise to hunt for food. Many birds foretell rain by warning +cries and uneasy actions, and swine will carry hay and straw to +hiding-places, oxen will lick themselves the wrong way of the hair, +sheep will bleat and skip about, hogs turned out in the woods will come +grunting and squealing, colts will rub their backs against the ground, +crows will gather in crowds, crickets will sing more loudly, flies come +into the house, frogs croak and change color to a dingier hue, dogs eat +grass, and rooks soar like hawks. It is probable that many of these +actions are due to actual uneasiness, similar to that which all who are +troubled with corns or rheumatism experience before a storm, and are +caused both by the variation in barometric pressure and the changes in +the electrical condition of the atmosphere. + + * * * * * + + +=Slain by her Defender.=--During King William's wars on the Continent, +soon after the Revolution, it was usual, at the end of the campaign, for +both armies to retire into winter-quarters, and numbers got leave of +absence to go home and see their friends. Among others who availed +themselves of this privilege was a young Highland officer, whose +relations lived in the upper parts of Perthshire. He visited about in +that district, and entertained his friends by talking of the battles in +which he had fought, and the wonderful events he had witnessed; and he +everywhere met with the most cordial reception. He was at last invited +to the house of a gentleman who had an only daughter, whose beauty was +the universal theme of admiration. He there, as usual, recited his +martial feats, till, like Othello, he made an impression on the young +lady, which the gallant soldier soon perceived, and he contrived to +settle a plan with her for their eloping together at midnight. They got +off unperceived, and having travelled several miles, they at last came +to an inn, where they thought they might refresh themselves in safety. +The enraged father, however, as soon as he had discovered his daughter's +flight, assembled men, and pursued the fugitives with such speed and +eagerness that he overtook them soon after they got into the inn. The +lover, though he had nobody to support him, yet was determined not to +yield up his mistress, and being well armed, and an excellent swordsman, +he resolved to resist any attack made upon him. When the party pursuing +entered the inn, his mistress ran for protection behind him; but as he +was preparing to give a deadly stroke, the point of the sword accidently +struck her a violent blow, and she instantly expired at his feet. Upon +seeing what had happened, he immediately surrendered himself, saying he +did not wish to live, his earthly pleasure being gone. He was executed +the next day, but we fail to perceive on what ground, either of justice +or of humanity. + + + + +THE PREAY CHAMBER. + +By An Old Boy. + + +Before I had been long at Mr. Gray's boarding-school, to which I was +sent when I was a very young boy, and which was very different from such +schools as St. Paul's, I heard of a mysterious and horrible place +called, as the boys said, the Preay Chamber. We supposed it to be a +gloomy and awful dungeon, but nobody knew just where it was, and nobody +pretended that he had ever been imprisoned in it. The truth was that it +was thought to be a punishment so dreadful that whenever a boy was +sentenced to the chamber of torture, good, motherly Mrs. Gray, whom we +all loved, always interceded for the culprit. Good woman, how we did +bless her! + +I am an old boy now, but all younger boys will understand how easy it +was for me one evening when we were all marching out from tea, and I +passed close by the table with the open sugar bowl upon it, to raise my +hand quietly, without stopping or looking, seize a lump of sugar, and +let my hand drop again. + +"Joe!" instantly shouted Mr. Gray, who sat in his chair watching us as +we filed out. + +"Yes, Sir." + +"Come here, Joe, and all the boys remain." + +I was a little fellow of seven years old, and I pity my poor little +self as I look back upon that moment. I advanced to the master's chair, +and stood before him in the presence of the school, with my guilty right +hand closed at my side. There was awful silence as the master said, + +"Joe, what have you in your hand?" + +"Nothing, Sir." + +"Joe, hold out your right hand." + +I held it out. + +"Now, Joe, you say that there is nothing in your hand?" + +"Yes, Sir." + +"Open your hand, Joe." + +I opened it, and the lump of sugar dropped to the floor. + +It was the first lie I had ever told, and my terror and shame were such +that the recollection has been a kind of good angel to me ever since. +The master said a few solemn words, the justice of which my poor little +heart could not deny, although he had exposed me to a cruel ordeal; and +then, with an air like that of a Lord Chief Justice putting on the black +cap to sentence a murderer to death, he concluded: "Joe, you must be +severely punished. Go to Mrs. Gray, and tell her that you are to go to +the Preay Chamber." + +There was a silent shudder of sympathy among the boys as I departed; and +finding Mrs. Gray, I told her, with sobs of terror, my doom. The good +woman listened kindly; and then, with the tenderness of a mother, she +pointed out to me the meanness of the theft and of the falsehood, and we +both sat and cried together. Then she said, "Joe, I am sure that you see +that you have done wrong, and that you are very sorry, and don't mean to +do so any more." + +I was utterly broken down, and sobbed in a kind of hysterical paroxysm. + +"Now, Joe, go back to Mr. Gray, tell him that we have been talking +together, and that you are truly sorry, and will try to do better, and +that this time, and for my sake, I hope that you may be let off from +the Preay Chamber." + +I went back, and with tears and catchings of the breath I repeated the +message. Mr. Gray listened; and when I had done, he said: + +"Joe, you are a very naughty boy; but as you say that you are sorry, and +will try to mend, and as dear Mrs. Gray intercedes for you, you need not +go this time to the Preay Chamber. But remember, it is only for this +time." + +I was like a victim suddenly released from the stake, and the narrow +escape I had had from the mysterious chamber of doom made that dungeon +still more awful. There were very few sentences to the chamber +afterward, and gradually its name disappeared from our talk and from our +fear. Now and then some boy asked, "What has become of the Preay +Chamber?" But nobody answered. If an older boy asked Mr. or Mrs. Gray, +they only smiled, and said nothing. The terror gradually died away, and +the chamber of horrors became a mere legend. Long afterward it was known +that it was all a kindly but deceitful understanding between Mr. and +Mrs. Gray. If a young boy did wrong, and it was thought that reproof and +the mere dread of punishment would be penalty severe enough, it was +agreed that Mr. Gray would send the offender to Mrs. Gray to be immured +in the Preay Chamber. That message was a hint to her to beg--or, in the +French language, _prier_--that for this once the culprit, upon his +promise to do better, should be pardoned. + +There is no doubt that the fear of the chamber exercised some restraint +upon mischievous boys. But it was a kind of deceit which is in itself +mischievous. The very name still haunts my imagination, although I am a +bald-headed old boy, for what the most secret chamber of the Inquisition +was to the timid heretic, the Preay Chamber was to the little boy I used +to be. + + + + +[Illustration: CHESTNUTTING.--DRAWN BY W. P. SNYDER.] + + + + +[Illustration] + +THE STORY OF A PARROT. + + +The children were thinking of something very important. Anybody could +see that. Papa and mamma wondered why they were so serious and silent at +the breakfast table, and mamma was astonished when Carrie, and even +little Hope, begged to walk part of the way to school with Louis, +because they had never thought of doing such a thing before. Louis was a +bright-faced, rosy-cheeked boy of ten years, Carrie was eight, and +little Hope was only six. Mamma was always very kind to her little +folks, and as the morning was sunny, she said they might go if they +would put on their heavy shoes and their cloaks and hoods, for there was +a white crisp frost all over the grass. Mamma watched them with pride as +they scampered down the garden path leading from the front piazza to the +street, but had she heard their conversation she might have staid at +home from the party she was going to that evening, and put a veto on +their grand plan. + +"Now, Louis," said Carrie, as soon as they were away from the house, +"you know you promised to sit up with Hope and me to-night and listen, +because nurse says at midnight all birds and beasts talk so children can +understand every word; and papa and mamma are going to a party, and they +won't come home until ever so late." + +"Nonsense!" said Louis, who felt very much wiser than Carrie, she being +to his mind "only a girl;" "I don't believe nurse's story. I can always +understand what Fritz says, and I say he can not bow-wow any plainer +than he did this morning when he bid me good-by." + +"Yes, he can," persisted Carrie. "Nurse says so, and she knows, for her +grandfather told her all about it when she was a little bit of a girl, +and he was a real old, old man. If people believed it so many years ago, +it must be true." + +Louis's confidence in his own wisdom was somewhat weakened by the +thought of nurse's grandfather, but, boy-like, he only began to sing +tauntingly: + + "Into woods where beasts can talk, + I went out to take a walk." + +"I'm going to stay awake anyway, and talk to my kitty," said little +Hope, "because I know what nurse said is true. I saw my kitty laugh when +she heard nurse say it." Carrie was silent. She walked at Louis's side, +kicking the pebbles of the gravelled path with her feet. + +"Oh, if you girls are going to make such a fuss about it, I'll sit up +with you," said Louis; "and if nurse's grandfather said so," he added, +hesitatingly, "perhaps it is true, after all. He was a very old man, and +he must have known." + +"Of course he knew," said Carrie, "for nurse said he had a cow, a red +and white one, that told him lots of things every year on this very +night." + +After the mention of the red and white cow, Louis made no more +opposition, and the children soon separated, Louis to spend the day in +school while Carrie and Hope scampered home, said their lessons to +mamma, and then went to play with Fritz, the big dog, Bess, the white +kitty, Lorito, a large gray parrot, and the new canary which papa had +bought only the day before. + +When evening came papa and mamma went to the party, and nurse, who had +forgotten all about her grandfather and the red and white cow, wondered +why the children went to bed so willingly, for they were sometimes very +willful, and made nurse a great deal of trouble when she undressed them. +She was very glad they were good to-night, because, as "missis" was +away, she had made up her mind to go to a party herself, the house-maid +having promised to run up to the nursery if she heard the children +calling. There was little danger, however, that they would call for a +drink of water or anything else that night, for as they were not in the +least sure of nurse's sympathy in their midnight vigil, they had agreed +to go to bed as quiet as mice and watch their chance of slipping +unobserved to the library, where their pets spent the night. Long after +nurse had gone down stairs, and when the house was very, very still, +Carrie sat up in bed and gently called her brother, who slept in a +little room of his own adjoining the nursery. + +"Louis! Louis!" she said. + +"Oh, don't bother," answered Louis. "It won't be midnight for ever so +long." + +"But if we stay in bed we shall go to sleep. Hope is half asleep now." + +"No, I'm not sleepy," said little Hope, "and I'm going to get my kitty +and go right down to the library this very minute." She rolled out of +bed, and went to the basket in the corner where kitty was fast asleep, +and bundled her up in her little fat arms. + +The children all started to creep down stairs, but they shrank back a +little from the dimly lighted hall below, which somehow did not look a +bit as it did in the daytime. "Come on," said Louis, who felt very grand +as the protector of his sisters; "I've brought my new bow and arrow, and +if there is a villain there, you'll see how quick I'll lay him out. I'm +not afraid, anyway, where Fritz is," he added, half to himself. They +marched along very softly, their little bare feet sinking into the soft +velvet carpet. Louis went boldly ahead with his bow and arrow. Carrie +followed, her jet-black hair streaming down over her white night dress, +and little Hope came close behind, hugging her white kitty, who winked +in astonishment at this strange proceeding. When they reached the +library, Fritz, who was stretched on the Turkish rug before the grate, +in which a piece of English coal was burning slowly, rose to his feet, +amazed at the unusual sight; but he was too lazy for a frolic at that +hour, and after a soft "wuf-wuf" he lay down and went to sleep again. +The library was dimly lighted, and wore an air of wonder and mystery to +the now excited children. Rique, the canary, was curled into a little +round yellow ball, and paid no attention to his visitors. Lorito, who +was perched in a big gilded cage in the corner, had his beak buried in +his feathers and his eyes shut fast. He opened his eyes, however, when +the children came near, and put down his head to be rubbed, but after a +few sleepy grunts he said, "Poor Lorito, poor Lorito," and shut his eyes +again. Evidently the children's pets had no inclination to be sociable +just at present. Just then the ormolu clock on the mantel-piece struck +ten. + +"We shall have to wait ever so long," said Louis, "because they won't +talk till midnight. Let's lie down on the rug with Fritz." + +So the three children cuddled close to the big dog and waited. Louis +pulled mamma's blue and red afghan from the lounge, and after tucking it +carefully over his little sisters, crawled under it himself, and-- + +"Bow-wow," said Fritz. "Who's got a story to tell, I wonder? I'm not +going to tell one, that's very certain, for I scratched my throat this +morning with a chicken bone." + +"Mew-mew," said the white kitty. "I've done lots of work to-day. I +unwound a big ball of green worsted for my little mistress, and I'm +tired. Let somebody else do the talking." + +"Peep," said the canary. "I'm a stranger; I only arrived yesterday, and +I ought to be entertained. Some other time I will tell you all my +adventures, but to-night I prefer to listen. I would like to hear from +that gray-coated gentleman over there in the corner, for as he is a very +distant relation of mine, both of us belonging to the great bird family, +I would, I am sure, take great interest in his history." + +"Lorito, you will have to do all the talking to-night," said Fritz and +the white kitty both at once. "Tell our new friend Rique all the +wonderful things you have seen, and all the strange adventures you have +been through." + +Thus entreated, the gray parrot, after flapping his wings several times, +in a lazy manner, began to tell his history. + +[Illustration: "PAPA BROUGHT THE MATERIALS."] + +[Illustration: PAPA FEEDING MAMMA.] + +"I will begin my story," said the gray parrot, "with the good old times +when my grandfather and grandmother lived in the hollow of a giant tree +which grew in the valley of the Congo, whose broad waters flow downward +through the wildernesses of Southern Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. My +grandfather belonged to a very large family, which was increasing +rapidly; indeed, the gray parrots of Africa, with their magnificent +crimson tails, are the chief glory of the country. The children of my +grandfather were very numerous, and no father was kinder or more +skillful than he in providing them with an independent establishment, +for he believed that young people should always set up housekeeping for +themselves as soon as possible. As soon, therefore, as my father was old +enough to be married, and grandpa saw that he had already selected a +pretty wife, he immediately found him a convenient hollow tree on the +very shore of our beautiful river, which he showed to papa and mamma, +saying, 'My children, here is a fine place for your housekeeping; make +your nest at once.' Papa and mamma were a very affectionate couple, and +they aided each other in the work of nest-building. Papa brought the +materials--moss, twigs, and soft grasses--and mamma arranged them +artistically in the interior of the hollow tree, making a pretty and +comfortable apartment. The nest was soon complete, and housekeeping +began. Papa and mamma were not a moment too soon in their preparations, +for no sooner was the nest constructed than it contained three eggs. +Beautiful little eggs they were, papa has often told me, and mamma never +contradicted him. I was in one of those three eggs. My brother and my +sister were in the other two. Mamma kept us warm with the greatest care, +while papa brought her food like a good husband, always choosing the +particular fruits and other delicacies she preferred. As this attention +allowed her to brood us constantly under her warm wings, we soon became +ambitious to escape from our shells. One beautiful morning, to the great +delight of my parents, I burst the delicate prison walls which confined +me. My brother and sister made their appearance in the world a day +later." + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +THE BOY'S TELESCOPE. + + +The parson's boys were very fond of astronomy. They knew the chief +constellations, and kept the place of the planets as they moved along +among the stars. When their father told them how splendidly the moon and +the planets look through a telescope, they were sadly disappointed to +learn that a telescope costs so much money that he could not think of +buying even one of the smallest size. Happening to hint that _perhaps_ +one might be made at home at small expense which would show the moon in +new light and bring Jupiter's moons to sight, they gave him no rest till +he had agreed that he would "see about it." + +A few days afterward he showed the boys two common tin tubes which the +stove man had just made. One was about one inch and a half in diameter, +and about thirty inches long; the other was about twelve inches long, +and just enough smaller to slip inside the first, and move easily out +and in. The inside of both was painted black, so that there would be no +reflecting of light inside. It is better--he told the boys--to paint the +inside, if possible, after the tube is made, because the rolling and +pounding in shaping and soldering the tube are likely to make the paint +crack off. Then he took out of his pocket a paper, and unrolled a round +spectacle glass, just big enough to slip into the end of the larger +tube. "What's that?" the children exclaimed, all at once. "This is the +object-glass of our telescope," was the answer. "The light from the +object comes through this into the tube. It is a thirty-six-inch glass; +that is, it brings the rays together at a distance of thirty-six +inches." Frank held it up to the sun, which was getting low, and when +the rays began to burn his hand, Walter brought the yard-stick, and it +was just about thirty-six inches from the glass to the spot on his hand +where he felt the heat. That was the _focus_ of the glass. While the +boys were wondering how the object-glass was to be fastened into the +tube, the parson was already doing it. He had the tinman cut slits in +the end about an eighth of an inch wide and almost twice as deep. Every +other one of these he doubled back inside the tube, and pressed down +with pincers, so that there should be nothing sticking out in the way of +the moon and stars if they should try to get in. These made a rest for +the glass, so that it couldn't slip into the tube. Then he bent the +other slits down over the edge of the glass, but not so as to shut out +any light, and these slits held the glass firmly. + +The boys, of course, now wished to see whether the steeple of the church +looked any bigger through this tube and object-glass. They couldn't see +it so well as with the naked eye, and feared the new telescope was a +failure. But their father told them it was too soon yet to vote on that +question. He told Frank to hold out his hand, and see whether the sun +would burn his hand through the glass and tube, as it did through the +glass alone. It did. "Now," said he, "if you hold this tube up to +Jupiter, at thirty-six inches from the glass there will be a very small +image of him and his moons. If we could only see that image or picture +through a microscope, we might see the moons as plainly as we see +Jupiter himself with the naked eye." + +"Why won't our microscope do?" asked Walter. + +The parson said we couldn't get the image and the microscope together +rightly; but while he was explaining, he was also unrolling another +paper, out of which came a big bulging glass almost as round as a boy's +eye. The edges of this had been ground down so that it would go into the +end of the small tube, and it was fastened in just as the other was, +only the slits needed to be a little longer, because the glass was +thicker. This was a one-inch eyeglass; that is, it must be an inch from +the object or image at which you are looking. He then cut in a piece of +paper a round hole about as big as a shirt button, and pasted this over +the eyeglass, and covered the end of the tube around, so that no light +could come in there except through this small opening in the paper, +which was so put on that the eye must look through the middle of the +glass. He also pasted some strips of brown paper around the other end of +the telescope, jutting over the object-glass just enough to keep it from +breaking, and to prevent any light from coming through the edges, but +not letting the paper touch this glass, as it did the eyeglass. The +object-glass wants all the light it can get. + +The boys had the first look; but they could see nothing, though the +woods to which the glass was turned were yet visible. + +"What's the focus of the glasses?" asked the parson. + +"Thirty-six inches and one inch," was the correct answer. + +The boys marked where the thirty-six inches ended, measuring from the +object-glass. They then brought the eyeglass up to within about an inch +of that, and looked through it again. + +"Oh-oh-oo!" exclaimed Frank: "I see the trees so near that I can get +hold of them, but they're bottom side up!" + +"Yes," said their father, "but that will make little difference when +looking at Jupiter or the moon." + +They all had to wait what seemed a long time for the darkness to come, +and let the stars appear. When the parson returned from the post-office +after tea, he said it would be impossible to hold the tube in the hands +_steadily_ enough to see the planets plainly. So he found a strip of +board about a foot long and two or three inches wide, which was hollowed +out on one side. Into this hollow he fixed the tube by common tacks and +small wire. Then through the middle of this strip he bored a large +gimlet hole, and put in a long screw, and went to the workshop in the +basement to make a standard into which to screw the strip which held the +tube. He couldn't find nor make just what he wanted soon enough--the +boys said that "Jupiter had just come out clear"--and so he caught the +first box he could lay hold of, and screwed the tube upon one of its +sides, just tight enough to hold it snug, yet let it move up or down. +Then he called for a light stand, and case knives to make it and the box +stand perfectly _still_. He took his place on the portico, got +everything ready, and said he was "afraid to look for fear the boys +would be disappointed." Frank said he "would like to look," and so, as +he had been the most anxious to have the telescope made, his father gave +him the first chance to be glad or sorry. After moving the box and the +tube a little all kept silent, but soon Frank began a louder "Oo-oo-oo!" +than before, and, much excited, exclaimed: "I see 'em: four red bright +little fellows, all in a straight line," and then he ran as if half +crazy, shouting, to his mother: "We got 'em, mother, all four of 'em! I +wouldn't swap our telescope for any other. Come and see!" + +The parson too was much delighted. As he happened to look at the other +side of the box, he was amused to find that he had mounted his telescope +on a "Eureka Soap" box. In a few days he made an upright standard, into +which he bolted the telescope just tight enough to hold it, but let it +move freely. A common screw becomes too loose in a little while. The +instrument cost the parson only forty cents for the tubes; the glasses +were given, but ought not to cost more than a dollar or two. If a +one-inch eyeglass can not be had, a two-inch eyeglass will answer quite +well. The reason for having two tubes is that eyes differ, and that what +is bought for a thirty-six inch glass may be an inch or two more or less +than that, so that the smaller tube must be moved back and forth till +the eye finds where the view is plainest. This instrument shows the moon +beautifully. You read of the circular mountains and the extinct +volcanoes; here you see them. It is especially delightful to see in the +new moon the light breaking over the mountain-tops and through the +notches while all the plain behind is yet in the dark. Though it is now +a good while since the parson made the telescope, he waits impatiently +every month for the new moon to come again. + + + + +THE MAGIC BOTTLE. + + +There are few persons who have not been puzzled, when witnessing the +exhibitions of conjurers and performers of feats of legerdemain, by the +_magic bottle_, out of the neck of which the exhibitor can pour any one +of quite a number of liquids at his will. It may interest the reader to +see an explanation of the means by which the apparently magical effect +is produced, especially as it involves an explanation of a certain +philosophical principle which it is very useful for all to understand. + +The pressure of the atmosphere all around us is so great that no liquid +can issue against it from a close vessel, unless air is at the same time +admitted to balance the external pressure by an internal one of the same +amount. In the case of pouring water from a bottle the mouth of which is +tolerably large, the air passes in in large bubbles as the water comes +out, producing the gurgling sound always heard in such a case. + +Where the orifice is too small to allow of the admission of these +bubbles of air, the liquid will only flow out as fast as the air is +allowed to enter in some other way, as shown in the engraving, where the +water will not issue from the lower end of the tube except when the +finger is raised from the upper end so as to admit the air. + +There are various ingenious contrivances by means of which curious +effects are produced through the operation of this principle. One, +called the magic tunnel, is made double, with a space inclosed between +the walls. There is an orifice communicating with this chamber at the +top of the handle, which orifice is so situated that it can be opened or +closed at pleasure by the thumb of the person holding it without +attracting the attention of the spectator. Now if the body of the tunnel +is filled, or partly filled, with pure water, while the hidden chamber +contains a liquid deeply colored--with cochineal, for example--the +person holding it can cause pure water to flow from it by keeping the +orifice in the handle closed by his thumb, or colored water by simply +raising his thumb and allowing the liquid in the concealed chamber to +flow out and mingle with the clear water as it issues from the tube +below. + +[Illustration: Fig. 1.] + +The magic bottle acts on the same principle, though presenting it in +another form. The bottle is usually made of tin, though colored on the +outer surface to represent glass. Within, it contains several different +receptacles, as shown in Fig. 1, each communicating by a separate pipe +with the mouth of the bottle. Each of these receptacles is also provided +with another tube, by which air may be admitted so as to allow the +liquid contained in it to flow. These air tubes open by orifices in the +side of the bottle, as shown in Fig. 2, which are covered and concealed +by the thumb and the ends of the fingers of the operator, and may be +kept closed or may be slightly opened at pleasure. By this means any one +of five different liquids may be poured from the mouth of the bottle. + +[Illustration: Fig. 2.] + +Of course it requires some dexterity to manipulate such an apparatus +skillfully, in order to keep all the holes concealed from the +spectators, and to open the right one, just enough to admit the air, and +at the right time. The point of interest, however, for the general +reader in the whole subject is the philosophical principle which is +involved, namely, that the pressure of the atmosphere in every direction +all around us is such that no liquid can issue from any orifice against +the force of it acting _from without inward_, unless by the admission of +air or the providing by some other means of an equal force to act _from +within outward_ as a counterpoise. + + + + +TWO WAYS OF PUTTING IT. + + + The Sultan awoke with a stifled scream: + His nerves were shocked by a fearful dream: + + An omen of terrible import and doubt-- + His teeth in one moment all fell out. + + His wisemen assembled at break of day, + And stood by the throne in solemn array. + + And when the terrible dream was told, + Each felt a shudder, his blood ran cold, + + And all stood silent, in fear and dread, + And wondering what was best to be said. + + At length an old soothsayer, wrinkled and gray, + Cried, "Pardon, my lord, what I have to say; + + "'Tis an omen of sorrow sent from on high: + Thou shalt see all thy kindred die." + + Wroth was the Sultan; he gnashed his teeth, + And his very words seemed to hiss and seethe, + + As he ordered the Wiseman bound with chains, + And gave him a hundred stripes for his pains. + + The wisemen shook as the Sultan's eye + Swept round to see who next would try; + + But one of them, stepping before the throne, + Exclaimed, in a loud and joyous tone: + + "Exult, O head of a happy state! + Rejoice, O heir of a glorious fate! + + "For this is the favor thou shalt win, + O Sultan--to outlive all thy kin!" + + Pleased was the Sultan, and called a slave, + And a hundred crowns to the wiseman gave. + + But the courtiers they nod, with grave, sly winks, + And each one whispers what each one thinks, + + "Well can the Sultan reward and blame: + Didn't both of the wisemen foretell the same?" + + Quoth the crafty old Vizier, shaking his head, + "So much may depend on the way a thing's said!" + + + + +[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.] + + +_To our Young Friends:_ + +As we can not expect to receive letters from you until you have been +notified of the existence of our Post-office Box, we open the +correspondence by writing to you, and asking you to think of us in the +future. We should like to hear from you upon any subject which may +interest you. If you have any questions to ask regarding your studies or +your reading, we shall take great pleasure in advising you; or should +you desire any information which you can not obtain from books within +your reach, we will do our best to aid you. We shall also be glad to +hear about your sports, your pets, or about any curious thing in nature +which may come under your observation. + +You must bear in mind that your communications must be very brief, +because there are so many of you that we can not give a great deal of +space to any one. We will endeavor to be kind and attentive to each and +all alike. + +It is very easy in these times to send letters in Uncle Sam's big +mail-bag; and when you write on your neat, delicate note-paper, and put +the pretty postage-stamp on the right-hand corner of the envelope, +perhaps you never think of the way your great-grandparents went to work +when they wanted to send a letter. First they took a very large square +sheet of coarse blue paper, or, if they were young ladies and +fancy-minded, one with a bright tint of pink or yellow. As postage was +high, when they had written the pages full, straight across, they would +turn the sheet sideways, and write at right angles to the other lines, +and then corner-wise, perhaps, with a different-colored ink. There were +no envelopes in those days, and the sheets had to be ingeniously folded, +so that no curious postmaster could pry into family secrets. There was +always a portion of the last page left blank, to form the outside of the +letter, which, after being folded and directed, was sealed with a big +red wafer. It was then ready to be started off the next time the +stage-coach came through the town, for there were no railroads in those +days, and often the mail-bag was carried miles and miles on horseback +through wild regions where now the steam-engine whirls along with its +long train of cars. + +It was not necessary in those days to prepay the postage, which was much +dearer than it is now. There were no postage-stamps, and big figures +were written or stamped on the outside of the letter to denote the cost +of transportation. In those times it often took weeks to send a letter +to places where now only a day is required. + +Do any of you know the name of the man who first thought of the great +benefit cheap postage would be to the world, and can you tell something +about the great work he accomplished in that direction, and when and +where he died? + +Our Post-office Box is now open for your contributions, which we trust +will be neatly and correctly written, because an editor's eyes have a +great deal of important work to do, and ought not to be employed in +deciphering illegible writing. + +Trusting that our acquaintance may be pleasant and lasting, the editor +bids you welcome to the pages of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + + + + +[Illustration: THE ORPHANS.] + + + + +[Illustration: FUN] + + +A Boy who is not fond of fun and frolic may possibly make a tolerable +man, but he is an intolerable boy. + + * * * * * + +An Irish lover remarked that it is a great pleasure to be alone, +"especially whin yer swateheart is wid ye." + + * * * * * + +If a man's horses should lose their tails, why should he sell them +wholesale?--Because he can't retail them. + + * * * * * + +"I'd just like to see you," said a blind man to a policeman who told him +he would lock him up if he didn't move on. + + * * * * * + +A little girl of four years was recently called as a witness in a police +court, and in answer to the question what became of little girls who +told lies, innocently replied that they were sent to bed. + + * * * * * + +When a certain King of England visited Scotland, many years ago, the +following conversation took place between two countrymen: + +SANDY. "Weel, Jock, hae ye seen the king?" + +JOCK. "Oh ay, I hae seen the king; but I wadna gang the length o' the +street to see him again. He's just made like ony ither mon, an' they +tell't me his arms were a lion an' a unicorn." + + * * * * * + +A QUANDARY.--If a boy should catch hold of your ear, and ask if he had +the wrong pig by the ear, would you answer yes or no? + + * * * * * + +A MELANCHOLY CASE OF SUICIDE.--A naughty little boy, having been +threatened with a whipping, immediately hung his head. + + * * * * * + +A little girl being asked by her grandfather where cotton grew, replied, +with the greatest simplicity, "In old gentlemen's ears." + + * * * * * + +A man who lisped, having bought some pigs, asked a neighbor for the use +of a pen for a few days. Said he: "I have jutht been purchathing thome +thwine--two thowth and pigth. I want to put them in your pen till I can +fix a plaith for them." "Two thousand pigs!" exclaimed the astonished +neighbor; "why, my pen will hardly hold a dozen!" "You don't underthtand +me, Mr. Bent. I don't thay two thouthand pigth, but two thowth and +pigth!" "I hear you," said Mr. Bent; "two thousand pigs! Why, you must be +crazy." "I tell you again," exclaimed the man, angrily, "I mean not two +thouthand pigth, but two thowth and two pigth!" "Oh, that is what you +mean, eh? Well, the pen is at your service." + + * * * * * + +LETTER PUZZLE. + + _First_ in long, but not in short; + _Second_ in hop, but not in malt; + _Third_ in Ellen, also in Anne; + _Fourth_ in wagon, not in van; + _Fifth_ in fun, but not in sport; + _Sixth_ in teach, but not in taught; + _Seventh_ in ale, but not in stout; + _Eighth_ in bawl, but not in shout; + _Ninth_ in mould, but not in sand; + _Tenth_ in water, but not in land. + In these rhymes there may be found + A living poet much renowned. + + * * * * * + +What is it that always has some hitch about it?--A harness. + +Which is the most contemptuous bird?--The owl; he hoots at everything. + + + + +GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. + + +_Pole-Leaping._--The pole which is used for this exercise should be of +sound ash, rounded throughout its length, which should be in proportion +to the height of the jumper and the space to be jumped over. It is +advisable to practice this kind of jumping at first without a run. For +this purpose he who is about to jump fixes the end of the pole in the +ground in front of him, at a distance which may be gradually increased +with the efforts of the jumper; then he seizes the pole with his two +hands--the top one a little above his head, and the lower one a little +above the level of his hips. He springs off equally with both feet, +throwing most of his weight upon his arms, and pushing himself forward +as far as possible by bearing on the pole, which he then slackens, and +falls to the ground, trying to alight as softly as possible. If he fall +on his heels, all the body receives a great shock; the brain strikes +against the bones which surround it, which may often result in injuries +to the head. If he fall too much on his toes, he may, perhaps, sprain +them. It is necessary, then, to contrive so as to fall on the sole or +ball of the foot, and only to let the heel touch the ground afterward. + +In order to jump over a space with a run, he places himself at a +certain distance from the space over which he is to leap, and after +having seized the pole with his right hand a little above his head (the +thumb in the air), and with his left hand a little above his thighs (the +thumb downward), he starts forward, holding the lower end of the pole in +front of him. Arrived at the edge of the ditch, or whatever it may be, +over which he is to leap, he sticks the pole in the ground before him, +then, by sudden and active effort, he raises his body, bearing his hands +on the pole in such a manner as to turn it from the right-hand side to +the left, and leaps the space, the body being nearly in a horizontal +position; he then reaches the ground by bending the joints of the legs. +He should at first practice at short distances. + + +_Indian Clubs._--The exercises with the Indian clubs are of a more +recent date than those with dumb-bells. They were introduced into Europe +by a military officer, who had seen the Persians exercise with them. +These exercises are performed alternately with the two hands, and +sometimes simultaneously, with two instruments of a massive conical +form, which in Persia are called _nulo_, and in India _mugdaughs_. They +are very useful for increasing the muscular power of the arms and +shoulders, opening the chest, and strengthening the hands and wrists. +They have also the advantage of rendering the player with them +ambidextrous, or two-handed; that is to say, of making the left hand as +able and vigorous as the right, and enabling him to use one as readily +as the other. As instruments of exercise they are as fitted for women +and girls as for men and boys. Gracefully used, they give a good +carriage and deportment, not always obtained by other means. Dumb-bell +practice should precede the use of the Indian clubs. In beginning with +the latter, take off your coat and cravat, loosen your braces and +waistcoat, and put on a belt. + +The most simple exercises with the Indian clubs consist in carrying them +to the shoulder, sometimes with the right arm, sometimes with the +left--in carrying the club before and behind, to the left and to the +right. In the more difficult exercises you move the clubs alternately +around the body, seizing them at first by the hand, and holding them +parallel to the legs, the arms held down without stiffness, the clubs in +a straight line with them. Then raise the right club, without the +slightest jerk, in front and near to the body in the direction of the +left shoulder, until the forearm passes the head, the club always +remaining vertical. Then continue to pass the club behind the body, +bringing it toward the right shoulder, and letting it gradually descend +to the ground. The same movement is repeated with the left club, by +commencing to raise it toward the right shoulder, and so on continually. +Practice all the movements slowly; but when you have once familiarized +yourself with the exercises you may execute them more quickly, always +taking care that one club descends while the other ascends. + + + + +A NEW SERIAL + +BY GEORGE MACDONALD. + + +A brilliant serial story by GEORGE MACDONALD, with illustrations by +ALFRED FREDERICKS, will shortly be begun in HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + + + + +_Harper's Young People._ + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates: + +Four cents a number. + +Single subscriptions for one year, $1.50; five subscriptions, one year, +$7.00--payable in advance. Postage free. + +Subscriptions may begin with any number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +number issued after the receipt of order. + +Remittances should be made by Post-office Money Order, or Draft, to +avoid risk of loss. + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + + + + +A LIBERAL OFFER FOR 1880 ONLY. + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE _and_ HARPER'S WEEKLY _will be sent to any address +for one year, commencing with the first number of_ HARPER'S WEEKLY, _for +January, 1880, on receipt of $5.00 for the two Periodicals_. + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, November 4, 1879, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, NOV 4, 1879 *** + +***** This file should be named 28185.txt or 28185.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/1/8/28185/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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