summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/28194-8.txt
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to '28194-8.txt')
-rw-r--r--28194-8.txt3841
1 files changed, 3841 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/28194-8.txt b/28194-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a423c85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/28194-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3841 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 231, April 1, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 231, April 1, 1854
+ A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+ Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: February 25, 2009 [EBook #28194]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{293} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+No. 231.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 1. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+ NOTES:-- Page
+ Kennington Common, by the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson 295
+ Life and Death 296
+ Battle of Trafalgar and Death of Nelson 297
+ Heraldic Anomaly 298
+ FOLK LORE:--Three Maids--Mother Russel's Post--Shrove
+ Tuesday Custom 299
+ Stornello 299
+
+ MINOR NOTES:--Perspective--"That"--Corporation
+ Enactments--Jacobite Club--Dean Nowell's first Wife--
+ "Oxoniana"--An Epigram falsely ascribed to George
+ Herbert--Ingulph: Bohn's "Antiquarian Library" 300
+
+ QUERIES:--
+ Quotations wanted 301
+ Sir Edmund Plowden, by S. F. Streeter 301
+ Ancient Clock, and Odevaere's History of it, by
+ Octavius Morgan 302
+
+ MINOR QUERIES:--Spielberg, when built?--"Ded. Pavli"--
+ Mantelpiece: Mantelshelf: Mantleboard: Mantell and
+ Brace--Passage in Job--Provincial Glossaries--
+ Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancaster--A marvellous
+ Combat of Birds--Battle of the Gnats--Sandford of
+ Thorpe Salvine, co. York--"Outlines of the History of
+ Theology"--"Mawkin"--"Plain Dealer"--Hymn attributed
+ to Handel--Degrees in Arts--"Goloshes:"
+ "Kutchin-kutchu"--Cornwalls of London--Flasks for
+ Wine-bottles--Froxhalmi, Prolectricus, Phytacus,
+ Tuleus, Candos, Gracianus, and Tounu or Tonnu 302
+
+ MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Postmaster at Merton
+ College--"Lyra Apostolica"--East Dereham Manor--
+ Quakers executed in North America--Inscription in
+ Fulham Church--Hero of the "Spanish Lady's Love"--
+ "Bothy"--"Children in the Wood" 304
+
+ REPLIES:--
+ Brydone the Tourist, by John Macray 305
+ "The Red Cow"--Cromwell's Carriages, &c. 306
+ Fox-hunting, by F. M. Middleton 307
+ Weather Rules, by E. MacCulloch, &c. 307
+ Bingham's Antiquities 308
+ Ancient Tenure of Lands 309
+
+ PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Spots on Collodion
+ Pictures, &c.--The Double Iodide Solution--Mounting
+ Photographs 310
+ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Books on Bells--Medal in
+ Honour of Chevalier St. George--Dean Swift's
+ Suspension--"Vanitatem observare"--Ballina Castle,
+ Mayo--Dorset--Judicial Rank hereditary--Tolling the
+ Bell on leaving Church--Archpriest in the Diocese of
+ Exeter--Dogs in Monumental Brasses--The Last of the
+ Palæologi--Long Names, &c. 310
+
+ MISCELLANEOUS:--
+ Notes on Books, &c. 313
+ Books and Odd Volumes wanted 314
+ Notices to Correspondents 314
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,
+
+NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the
+"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,
+
+A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing
+Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of
+procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By
+ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+ "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information
+ concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist
+ should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._
+
+London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE LATE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+
+Now ready, 2 vols. 8vo., 42s.
+
+THE SPEECHES IN PARLIAMENT OF FIELD MARSHAL HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF
+WELLINGTON. Collected and arranged.
+
+Also, a New Edition, 8vo., 18s.
+
+COL. GURWOOD'S SELECTION from the WELLINGTON DESPATCHES AND GENERAL ORDERS,
+arranged as a convenient TRAVELLING VOLUME for OFFICERS.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXXVIII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming
+Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 6th, and BILLS for
+Insertion by the 8th APRIL.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ARCHÆOLOGY OF THE STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.
+
+For the Series of Papers illustrating the above, see Vols. I. II. and III.
+of the "Irish Quarterly Review." Price, bound, 11s. each.
+
+London: SIMPKIN & CO. Dublin: W. B. KELLY.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR APRIL.
+
+CONDÉ'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF THE ARABS IN SPAIN. Translated from the
+Spanish by MRS. FOSTER. In Three Volumes. Vol. I. with Frontispiece. Post
+8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS FOR APRIL.
+
+GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE, complete and unabridged, with variorum Notes,
+including, in addition to all the Author's own, those of Guizot, Wenck,
+Niebuhr, Hugo, Neander, and other foreign scholars. Edited by an ENGLISH
+CHURCHMAN. In Six Volumes. Vol. III., with fine Map of the Western Empire.
+Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR APRIL.
+
+THE WORKS OF TACITUS, literally translated, with Notes. In Two Volumes.
+Vol. II., containing THE HISTORY, GERMANIA, AGRICOLA, &c. With a very
+complete Index. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR APRIL.
+
+HUNT'S POETRY OF SCIENCE; or, Studies of the Physical Phenomena of Nature.
+Third Edition, revised and enlarged. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR APRIL.
+
+TASSO'S JERUSALEM DELIVERED, translated into English Spenserian verse, with
+a Life of the Author, by J. H. WIFFEN. Fourth Edition, with Twenty-four
+Engravings on wood by Thurston, and Eight Engravings on steel. Post 8vo.
+cloth. 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+NOTICE.
+
+BURKE'S LANDED GENTRY. A New and Thoroughly Revised Edition of "HISTORY OF
+THE LANDED GENTRY," by SIR BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of Arms, being in
+Preparation, it is earnestly requested that Communications with additional
+Genealogies, or Corrections of the former Work, may be addressed as soon as
+possible to
+
+SIR B. BURKE, care of MR. COLBURN, 13. Great Marlborough Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{294}
+
+ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL.
+
+In Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each, in cloth.
+
+This Day, the First Volume of
+
+COWPER'S POETICAL WORKS.
+
+Already published.
+
+DRYDEN. Vols. I and II.
+
+SURREY, MINOR CONTEMPORANEOUS POETS, and SACKVILLE, LORD BUCKHURST.
+
+On the First of May, the Third and Concluding Volume of
+
+DRYDEN'S POETICAL WORKS.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN'S SERMONS.
+
+This Day, Third and Cheaper Edition. Octavo, 8s. 6d.
+
+SERMONS on some of the PRINCIPAL FESTIVALS, and on other Occasions. By
+RICHARD WHATELY, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day, Sixth And Cheaper Edition, 450 pages, foolscap octavo, with 118
+Woodcuts, 3s. 6d.
+
+FAMILIAR HISTORY OF BIRDS: their Nature, Habits, and Instincts. By EDWARD
+STANLEY, D.D., Bishop of Norwich.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+SMALL BOOKS ON GREAT SUBJECTS.
+
+Now Ready,
+
+PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES AND PHILOSOPHICAL EXPERIENCE, being No. I. of Small
+Books on Great Subjects. Third Edition, with a New Preface. 3s. 6d.
+
+EXPOSITION OF VULGAR AND COMMON ERRORS, being No. VIII. of Small Books on
+Great Subjects. Second Edition. 3s. 6d.
+
+ON THE STATE OF MAN SUBSEQUENT TO THE PROMULGATION OF CHRISTIANITY. Part
+IV., being No. XXII. of Small Books on Great Subjects. 4s. 6d.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day, Cheaper Edition. Collated, and Enlarged, 10s. 6d.,
+
+CHARICLES: Illustrations of the Private Life of the Ancient Greeks. With
+Notes and Excursuses. From the German of PROFESSOR BECKER.
+
+Also, Second Edition, Enlarged, with additional Illustrations, 12s.,
+
+BECKER'S GALLUS: Scenes of the Times of Augustus. With Notes and
+Excursuses, illustrative of the Manners and Customs of the Romans.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, in royal 8vo., cloth, with Engravings, price 5s.
+
+THE HOMERIC DESIGN OF THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES. By W. WATKISS LLOYD.
+
+London: WILLIAMS & NORGATE, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+POPERY AND THE ROMISH CONTROVERSY.--The want of a Periodical Collection of
+the numerous FACTS AND DOCUMENTS bearing on the Progress of Popery and the
+Controversy with Rome, which appear in the Journals and Periodicals of the
+Day, has long been felt by every earnest Protestant. To remedy this
+deficiency, the Proprietors of
+
+THE "BRITANNIA" NEWSPAPER
+
+have arranged to issue from time to time a SUPPLEMENT (GRATIS), exclusively
+devoted to the republication of this important and interesting matter,
+without editorial comment, and so arranged as to be capable of being bound
+up at the close of the year in a convenient Quarto Volume, with a complete
+Index to its contents.
+
+The FIRST NUMBER appeared on SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25th, and contained,
+
+"THE CENSUS OF ROMANISM." Price SIXPENCE.
+
+141. STRAND, LONDON.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Patronised by the Royal Family.
+
+TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+following:
+
+THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
+
+BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
+for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine
+effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its
+natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal
+to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier
+ever invented.
+
+SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
+
+BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
+effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
+first families. Bottles, 5s.
+
+BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
+also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
+allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
+the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
+Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
+
+Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9 Westland Row; BEWLEY &
+EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main Street,
+Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & FLOCKHART,
+Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; KEATING, St.
+Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street;
+London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This day is Published,
+
+HISTORY OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT
+OF NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Professor of History in the Lycée Buonaparte.
+Translated, with the assistance of the Author, by FREDERICK HARDMAN. In
+demy octavo, price 14s.
+
+WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+RUSSIA AND TURKEY.
+
+A FRENCH MAP OF RUSSIA IN EUROPE, AND TURKEY, comprising the Baltic and
+Black Seas, with the adjacent Countries, IS NOW PUBLISHED. Price 5s. in
+sheet, case 8s., per post 6d. additional.
+
+London: EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing Cross, who will forward on application
+a List of Maps of the Seat of War.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BALTIC AND BLACK SEAS.
+
+THE ADMIRALTY CHARTS of these Seas are NOW PUBLISHED. Price, plain. 2s. 6d.
+each; in case, 5s. Coloured, 3s. 6d.; case, 6s., per post 6d. additional.
+
+London: EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing Cross, who will forward on application
+(Gratis) a List of Admiralty Charts of the Coasts and Harbours of these
+Seas.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES.
+
+A MAP OF THIS DISTRICT, on the the scale of 9 miles to the inch, prepared
+from the celebrated Vienna Map in 21 sheets, IS NOW PUBLISHED. Price, in 6
+sheets coloured, 12s.; case or rollers, 21s.
+
+London: EDWARD STANFORD, 6. Charing Cross; and all Map and Booksellers.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+TO ETHNOLOGISTS.--MESSRS. TRÜBNER & CO. are preparing for immediate
+Publication, in one volume, 4to., 650 pp. profusely illustrated price 1l.
+12s., GLIDDON'S TYPES OF MANKIND; or Ethnological Researches, based upon
+the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races, and upon
+their Natural, Geographical, Philological, and Biblical History. By J. C.
+NOTT, M.D., and G. R. GLIDDON, formerly U. S. Consul at Cairo.
+
+Gentlemen desirous of becoming Subscribers are requested to send their
+Names in as early as possible.
+
+Illustrated Prospectus to be had on application.
+
+TRÜBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CATALOGUES of 5000 Vols. of Second-hand Books GRATIS, on application (Post
+Free for 4 Stamps).
+
+W. BROUGH, 22. Paradise Street, Birmingham.
+
+Books of every Description purchased. On Sale:--Grose's Antiquities of
+England and Wales, 8 vols. folio, coloured Plates, half russia, neat,
+clean, sound Copy, 5l. 15s. 6d. Clarendon's Rebellion, 6 vols. royal 8vo.,
+calf, very neat, 25s. Camden Society's Publications, 24 vols., 2s. to 4s.
+per vol. Sammes' Britannia Antiqua Illustrata, curious Engravings, folio,
+calf, 12s. Boutell's Monumental Brasses, large paper Copy, on drawing
+paper, folio, half morocco, cloth sides, perfectly clean, 2l., published at
+3l. 5s.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CHEAP BOOKS of a Miscellaneous Character, including long Articles on
+Natural History, Biography, &c., are to be seen in No. 36. of REEVES &
+TURNER'S CATALOGUE of BOOKS. SENT FREE on Application to
+
+114. CHANCERY LANE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{295}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 1, 1854._
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Notes.
+
+KENNINGTON COMMON.
+
+Before all traces be lost of Kennington Common, so soon to be distinguished
+by the euphonious epithet of _Park_, let me put a Query to some of your
+antiquarian readers in relation thereunto; and suffer me to make the Query
+a peg, whereon to hang sundry and divers little notes. And pray let no one
+ridicule the idea that Kennington has its antiquities; albeit that wherever
+you look, new buildings, new bricks and mortar, plaster and cement, will
+meet your eye; yet, does not the manor figure in _Domesday Book?_ Is it not
+dignified by the stately name of _Chenintune?_ Was it not held by Theodoric
+of King Edward the Confessor? And did it not, in times gone by, possess a
+royal residence?
+
+Here, at a Danish marriage, died Hardi Knute in 1041. Here, Harold, son of
+Earl Godwin, who seized the crown after the death of the Confessor, is said
+to have placed it on his own head. Here, in 1231, King Henry III. held his
+court, and passed a solemn and a stately Christmas. And here, says Matthew
+Paris, was held a Parliament in the succeeding year. Hither, says good old
+Stow, anno 1376, came the Duke of Lancaster to escape the fury of the
+populace of London, on Friday, February 20, the day following that on which
+Wicliffe had been brought before the bishops at St. Paul's. The Duke was
+dining "with one John of Ipres" when the news arrived, borne by a
+breathless messenger, that the people sought his life. When the Duke "leapt
+so hastily from his oysters, that he hurt both his legges against the
+foarme: wine was offered to his oysters, but hee would not drinke for
+haste; he fledde with his fellowe Syr Henry Percy, no man following them;
+and entring the Thamis, neuer stinted rowing vntill they came to a house
+neere the manor of Kenington (besides Lambeth), where at that time the
+Princesse was, with the young Prince, before whom hee made his complaint."
+Doubtless, Lambeth Marsh was then what its name imports. Hither also came a
+deputation of the chiefest citizens to Richard II., June 21, 1377, "before
+the old King was departed," "to accept him for their true and lawfull King
+and Gouernor." But the royal residence was destroyed before 1607. "The last
+of the long succession of royal tenants who inhabited the ancient site,"
+says a writer in the _Illustrated London News_ not long since (I have the
+cutting, but neglected to note the date of the paper), "was Charles I.,
+when Prince of Wales: his lodging, a house built upon a part of the site of
+the old palace, is the only existing vestige, as represented in the
+accompanying engraving (in the _Illus. Lond. News_), unless earlier remains
+are to be found in the lower parts of the interior." But I believe that the
+identity of the site of this ancient mansion (which is situated on the
+western side of Lower Kennington Lane), with part of the site of the old
+palace, is not quite so certain as the writer appears to intimate. In 1720,
+however, the manor gave the title of Earl to William Augustus, Duke of
+Cumberland, second son to George II.
+
+Kennington Common acquired an unenviable notoriety from being the place of
+execution for malefactors tried in this part of the county. "After the
+suppression of the rebellion in Scotland in 1745, many of the insurgents
+having been convicted of treason at Southwark, here suffered the sentence
+of the law" (Dugdale's _England and Wales_, p. 1015.). "Seventeen officers
+of the rebel army were hanged, drawn, and quartered" on this spot.
+(Goldsmith's _History_, continued by Morell, 4to., 1807, vol. ii. p. 165.)
+
+ "One of the last executions which took place on Kennington Common was
+ that of seven men; three of whom belonged to a notorious gang of
+ housebreakers, eighteen in number. These men kept shops, and lived in
+ credit: of the three who were executed, one made over a sum of 2000l.
+ to a friend, previous to his trial. They confessed that the profits of
+ their practices, for the five years past, had been upwards of 1500l. a
+ year to each. This was in the year 1765."--From a cutting, sent me by a
+ friend, from the _Sunday Times'_ "Answers to Correspondents," March 13,
+ 1853.
+
+Here too occurred the Chartist meeting, on the memorable 10th of April,
+1848.
+
+Now comes my Query. Was there ever a theatre on Kennington Common? In the
+_Biographia Dramatica_ of David Erskine Baker (edit. 1782, vol. ii. p.
+239.), we are told, that the "satyrical comical allegorical farce," _The
+Mock Preacher,_ published in 8vo. in 1739, was "Acted to a crowded audience
+at Kennington Common, and many other theatres, with the humours of the
+mob." Was it acted in a booth, or in a permanent theatre? The words, "many
+other theatres," almost give one the impression that the latter is
+indicated.
+
+Many more notes might be added, but I fear lest this paper should already
+be too local to interest general readers. Suffice it to say, that Clayton
+Street, close to the Common, takes its name from the Clayton family; one
+member of which, Sir Robert Clayton, was sometime Master of the Drapers'
+Company, in whose Hall a fine portrait of him is preserved. Bowling Green
+Street derives its name from a bowling green which existed not very many
+years since. And White Hart Street from a field, which was so called
+certainly as early as 1785. On the Common was "a bridge called Merton
+Bridge, which formerly was repaired by the Canons of Merton {296} Abbey,
+who had lands for that purpose." (Lysons' _Environs_, edit. 4to., 1792,
+vol. i. p. 327.)
+
+It is due to your readers to state, that the authorities for the statements
+made in the former part of this paper are these: Lysons' _Environs_, ut
+supra, vol. i. pp. 325. 327.; Manning and Bray's _Surrey_, Lond., 1809,
+fol., vol. iii. pp. 484-488.; Stow, _Annales_, edit. 4to., 1601, pp. 432,
+433.; and _Bibl. Top. Brit._, 4to., 1790, vol. ii. "History and Antiq. of
+Lambeth," p. 89.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+Kennington.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+LIFE AND DEATH.
+
+I have thrown together a few parallel passages for your pages, which may
+prove acceptable.
+
+1. "_To die is better than to live._"
+
+ "I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which
+ are yet alive. Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet
+ been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the
+ sun."--_Eccles._ iv. 2, 3.
+
+ "Great travail is created for every man, and a heavy yoke upon the sons
+ of Adam, from the day that they go out of their _mother's womb_, till
+ the day that they return to the _mother of all things_."--_Ecclus._ xl.
+ 1.: cf. 2 _Esdr._ vii. 12, 13.
+
+ "Never to have been born, the wise man first
+ Would wish; and, next, as soon as born to die."--_Anth.
+ Græc._(Posidippus).
+
+In the affecting story of Cleobis and Biton, as related by Herodotus, we
+read,--
+
+ "The _best end of life_ happened to them, and the Deity showed in their
+ case that _it is better for a man to die than to live_."
+
+ [Greek: Diedexe te en toutoisi ho Theos hôs ameinon eiê anthrôpôi
+ tethanai mallon ê zôein.]--Herod., [Greek: KLEIÔ]. i. 32.
+
+ "As for all other living creatures, there is not one but, by a secret
+ instinct of nature, knoweth his owne good and whereto he is made
+ able.... Man onely knoweth nothing unlesse hee be taught. He can
+ neither speake nor goe, nor eat, otherwise than he is trained to it:
+ and, to be short, apt and good at nothing he is naturally, but to pule
+ and crie. And hereupon it is that some have been of this opinion, _that
+ better it had been, and simply best, for a man never to have been born,
+ or else speedily to die_."--Pliny's _Nat. Hist._ by Holland, Intr. to
+ b. vii.
+
+ "_Happy the mortal man_, who now at last
+ Has through this doleful vale of misery passed;
+ Who to his destined stage has carry'd on
+ The tedious load, and laid his burden down;
+ Whom the cut brass or wounded marble shows
+ Victor o'er Life, and all her train of woes.
+ _He_, _happier yet_, who, privileged by Fate
+ To shorter labour and a lighter weight,
+ Received but yesterday the gift of breath,
+ Order'd to-morrow to return to death.
+ But O! beyond description, _happiest he_
+ Who ne'er must roll on life's tumultuous sea;
+ Who with bless'd freedom, from the general doom
+ Exempt, must never face the teeming womb,
+ Nor see the sun, nor sink into the tomb!
+ Who breathes must suffer; and who thinks must mourn;
+ _And he alone is blessed who ne'er was born_."--Prior's _Solomon_, b.
+ iii.
+
+The proverbs, "God takes those soonest whom He loveth best," and, "Whom the
+gods love die young," have been already illustrated in "N. & Q." (Vol.
+iii., pp. 302. 377.). "I have learned from religion, that an early death
+has often been the reward of piety," said the Emperor Julian on his
+death-bed. (See Gibbon, ch. xxiv.)
+
+2. "_Judge none blessed before his death_."[1]
+
+ "Ante mortem ne laudes hominem," saith the son of Sirach, xi. 28.
+
+Of this sentiment St. Chrysostom expresses his admiration, Hom. li. in. S.
+Eustath.; and heathen writers afford very close parallels:
+
+ [Greek: Prin d' an teleutêsê epischeein mêde kaleein kô olbion all'
+ eutuchea,] says Solon to Croesus (Herod., [Greek: KLEIÔ.] i. 32.): cf.
+ Aristot., _Eth. Nic._ ch. x., for a comment on this passage.
+
+Sophocles, in the last few lines of the _Oedipus Tyrannus_, thus draws the
+moral of his fearful tragedy:
+
+ "[Greek: Hôste thnêton ont', ekeinên TÊN TELEUTAIAN idein]
+ [Greek: HÊMERAN episkopounta, mêden' olbizein, PRIN AN]
+ [Greek: TERMA TOU BIOU perasêi, mêden algeinon pathôn.]"
+
+Elmsley, on this passage, gives the following references: Trach. I. Soph.
+Tereo, fr. 10.; ibid. Tyndar. fr. 1.; Agam., 937.; Androm., 100.; Troad.,
+509.; Heracl., 865.; Dionys. ap. Stob., ciii. p. 560.; Gesn., cv. p. 431.;
+Grot. To which I may add the oft-quoted lines,--
+
+ "Ultima semper
+ Expectanda dies, homini dicique beatus
+ _Ante obitum_ nemo supremaque funera debet."
+
+In farther illustration of this passage from Ecclus., let us consider the
+_Death of the Righteous_.
+
+"Let me die _the death_ of the righteous, and let my _last end_ be like
+his," exclaims the truth-compelled and reluctant prophet, Numb. xxiii. 10.
+
+The royal Psalmist, after reflecting on the prosperity of the wicked in
+this world, adds:
+
+ "Then thought I to understand this,
+ But it was too hard for me,
+ Until I went into the sanctuary of God:
+ Then understood I the end of these men."--_Ps._ lxxiii.
+
+And again:
+
+ "I have seen the wicked in great power,
+ And spreading himself like a green bay-tree;
+ {297}
+ Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not;
+ Yea, I sought him, but he could not be found.
+ Mark the perfect man,
+ And behold the upright,
+ For _the end_ of that man is _peace_."--_Ps._ xxxvii. 35-37.: cf. the
+ Prayer-Book version.
+
+The prophet Isaiah declares:
+
+ "The righteous man is taken away because of the evil;
+ _He shall go in peace_, he shall rest in his bed;
+ Even the perfect man, he that walketh in the straight path."--Ch. lvii.,
+ Bp. Lowth's Trans.
+
+ "Sure _the last end_
+ Of the good man is peace! How calm his exit!
+ Night-dews fall not more gently to the ground,
+ Nor weary worn-out winds expire so soft.
+ Behold him! in the evening tide of life,
+ A life well spent, whose early care it was
+ His riper years should not upbraid his green:
+ By unperceived degrees he wears away;
+ Yet, like the sun, seems larger at his setting!
+ High in his faith and hopes, look how he reaches
+ After the prize in view! and, like a bird
+ That's hamper'd, struggles hard to get away!
+ Whilst the glad gates of sight are wide expanded
+ To let new glories in, the first fair fruits
+ Of the fast-coming harvest."--Blair's _Grave_.
+
+ "How blest the righteous when he dies!
+ When sinks the weary soul to rest!
+ How mildly beam the closing eyes!
+ How gently heaves the expiring breast!
+
+ "So fades the summer cloud away;
+ So sinks the gale when storms are o'er;
+ So gently shuts the eye of day;
+ So dies a wave upon the shore.
+
+ "Life's duty done, as sinks the clay,
+ Light from its load the spirit flies;
+ While heaven and earth combine to say,
+ 'How blest the righteous when he dies!'"--_Mrs. Barbauld._
+
+ "An eve
+ Beautiful as the good man's quiet _end_,
+ When all of earthly now is passed away,
+ And heaven is in his face."--_Love's Trial._
+
+ "He sets
+ As sets the Morning Star, which goes not down
+ Behind the darken'd West, nor hides obscured
+ Among the tempests of the sky, but melts away
+ Into the light of heaven."
+
+ "As sweetly as a child,
+ Whom neither thought disturbs nor care encumbers,
+ Tired with long play, at close of summer's day
+ Lies down and slumbers."
+
+A holy life is the only preparation to a happy death, says Bishop Taylor.
+And we have seen how much importance even heathen minds attached to _peace
+at the last_. Truly, as Kettlewell said while expiring, "There is no _life_
+like a happy _death_."
+
+"Consider," says that excellent writer, Norris of Bemerton, "that _this_
+life is wholly in order to _another_, and that _time_ is that sole
+opportunity that God has given us for transacting the great business of
+_eternity_: that our work is great, and our day of working short; much of
+which also is lost and rendered useless through the cloudiness and darkness
+of the morning, and the thick vapours and unwholesome fogs of the evening;
+the ignorance and inadvertency of youth, and the disease and infirmities of
+old age: that our portion of time is not only _short_ as to its duration,
+but also _uncertain_ in the possession: that the loss of it is irreparable
+to the loser, and profitable to nobody else: that it shall be severely
+accounted for at the great judgment, and lamented in a sad eternity."--"Of
+the Care and Improvement of Time," _Miscel._, 6th edit., p. 118.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+[Footnote 1: Cf. Sir Thos. Browne's _Christian Morals_, sect. ix.]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR AND DEATH OF NELSON.
+
+The following unpublished letter, as a historical document, is worth
+preserving in the pages of "N. & Q." It relates to the important national
+events of the battle of Trafalgar and death of Nelson. The writer was, at
+the time, a signal midshipman in the service, and only about thirteen years
+of age. He was a native of Glasgow, and died many years since, much
+respected.
+
+ H.M.S. Defence,
+ At anchor off Cadiz, 28 Oct. 1805.
+
+ My dear Betty [the writer's sister],
+
+ I have now the pleasure of writing you, after a noble victory over the
+ French and Spanish fleets, on the 21st October, off Cape Spartel. We
+ have taken, burnt and sunk, gone on shore, &c., twenty-one sail of the
+ line. The names I will let [you] know after. On the 19[th] our frigates
+ made the signal; the Combined Fleets were coming out; so as we were
+ stationed between the frigate and our fleet, we repeated ditto to Lord
+ Nelson. It being calm we could not make much way, but in the course of
+ the night we got a strong breeze, and next morning our frigate made the
+ signal for them, being all at sea. So on the afternoon of the 20[th] we
+ saw them to leeward; but it was blowing fresh and very hazy, so Lord
+ Nelson made our signal for a captain; so our captain went on board, and
+ Lord Nelson told Captain Hope he expected he would keep sight of them
+ all night. So on the morning of the 21st we observed them to leeward
+ about two miles, so we made the signal to Lord Nelson how many the
+ bearings, and everything; so brave Nelson bore down immediately; and at
+ twelve o'clock Lord Nelson broke the south^d line, and brave Admiral
+ Collin[g]wood the north; and at two o'clock we were all in action. We
+ were the last station'd ship; so when we went down we had two Frenchmen
+ and one Spaniard on us at one time. We engag'd them forty-six minutes,
+ when the "Achille" and "Polyphemus" came up to our assistance. The
+ Spaniard ran away; we gave him chase, and fought him {298} one hour and
+ forty-six minutes, when he struck, and we boarded him, and have him
+ safe at anchor, as we have not had a good wind. I am sorry to say poor
+ Lord Nelson was wounded the second broadside. He went down and got his
+ wounds dress'd, and he was wound'd a second time, and he just lived to
+ hear of the victory. The ship we took, her name is the "San Ildifonzo,"
+ eighty-two guns, and a very fine ship, new. I don't think we will save
+ more than twelve sail of them: but we have sunk, burnt, drove on shore,
+ twenty-one sail of the line in all; and if we had not had a gale of
+ wind next day we would have taken every one of them. We were riding
+ close in shore with two anchors a-head, three cables on each bower, and
+ all our sails were shot to pieces, ditto our rudder and stern, and
+ mainmast, and everything; but, thank good, I am here safe, though there
+ was more shot at my quarters than any other part of the ship. We are
+ now at anchor, but expect to go to Gibraltar every day. I hope in good
+ you are all in health: I was never better in all my life. My comp^{ts}
+ to all friends [&c. ...] and my dear father and mother.
+
+ I am
+ Your affectionate brother,
+ (Signed) CHARLES REID.
+
+ You must excuse this letter, as half our hands are on board our prize,
+ and have had no time. I have been two days writing this; five minutes
+ one time and ten minutes another time, and so on. We are just getting
+ under way for Gibraltar.
+
+ Now for the French and Spanish ships taken, burnt, run on shore, &c.
+ &c.:
+
+ Bucentaure, 80, taken. French.
+ Santiss' Trinidada, 130, sunk. Spanish.
+ Santa, taken, but afterwards got into Cadiz.
+ Rayo, 110, sunk. French.
+ Bahama, 74, taken. French.
+ Argonauta, 80, sunk and burnt.
+ Neptuna, 90, on shore.
+ San Ildifonzo, 80, taken by the Defence.
+ Algazeras, 74, on shore; Swiftsure, 74, Gib.; Berwick, 74, Gib. All
+ English ships taken by the French last war.
+ Intrepid, 74, burnt.
+ Aigle, 80, on shore.
+ Tonguer, 80, on shore [MS. uncertain].
+ De ..., 74, Gibraltar [ditto].
+ Argonauta, 74, Gib.
+ Redoubtable, 74, sunk.
+ Achell, 74, burnt.
+ Manareo, 74, on shore.
+ San Augustino, 74, Gibraltar.
+
+ There is not one English ship lost, but a number lost their masts.
+ (Signed) C. R.
+
+The writer had a brother, Andrew Reid, who bore a commission in the ships
+of Captain Parry in the first Arctic expedition.
+
+G. N.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+HERALDIC ANOMALY.
+
+I beg to call the attention of the heraldic readers of "N. & Q." to a
+singular custom of displaying their coats of arms, peculiar to the Knights
+of St. John, of the venerable Language of England.
+
+It is well known that the members of this valiant brotherhood, throughout
+Europe, bear their paternal shield alone, surmounted, as the badge of their
+profession, with the particular device of the order, that is, On a chief,
+gules, a cross argent. The English knights, with their paternal coat, bore
+also, party-per-pale, that of their mothers, with the chief of the order
+over both, a strange heraldic anomaly!
+
+I have somewhere read, but where, for lack of a "note," I cannot recollect,
+that in making their proofs of nobility previous to their admission into
+the order, unlike the other Languages, the cavalier of England gave in only
+the names of their father and mother, but at the same time it was requisite
+that these two names should be able to prove a nobility of two hundred
+years each.
+
+Perhaps the custom of bearing the paternal shield impaled with the maternal
+sprung from these proofs.
+
+In the British Museum, Harl. MSS. 1386., may be seen three examples of this
+custom, in a paper entitled, _A Note of certain Knights of Rhodes_, "in
+prioratû Sancti Johannis Jerusalem."
+
+1. Sir Thomas Docwra, Grand Prior of England, A.D. 1504, a knight not more
+renowned as a valiant man-at-arms, "preux et hardi," than as a skilful
+diplomatist; and who, on the death of Fabricio Caretto, A.D. 1520-1, was
+thought worthy to be put in competition for the Grand Mastership with the
+celebrated Villiers de L'Isle Adam, and, as Vertot tells us, only lost that
+dignity by a very trifling majority. His paternal coat--Sable, a cheveron
+engrailed argent, between three plates, on each a pale, gules--is impaled
+with that of his mother, Alice, daughter of Thomas Green, of Gressingham,
+in Yorkshire; Argent, a bugle-horn sable, stringed gules, between three
+griffins' heads, erased, of the second; over all, the chief of the order.
+
+2. Sir Lancelot Docwra, near kinsman to Sir Thomas, and son of Robert
+Docwra, of Docwra-Hall, in Cumberland. His arms are impaled with--Or, a
+cross flory sable--the coat armour of his mother, Jane, daughter of Sir
+John Lamplugh, of Lamplugh, in the same county; one "of a race," as Denton
+says, "of valorous gentlemen, successively for their worthiness knighted in
+the field, all, or most part of them." The chief of the order also
+surmounts his shield.
+
+3. The third is the shield of Sir John Randon; Gules, a bend checquy or and
+azure, impaling Argent, a frette, and on a chief, gules, three escallops of
+the field; over all, the chief of the order. {299}
+
+If any readers of "N. & Q." could furnish me with more examples, I should
+be much obliged.
+
+JOHN O' THE FORD.
+
+Malta.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Three Maids._--There is a spot on the road from Winchester to Andover
+called the "Three Maids." They are I believe nameless. Tradition says that
+they poisoned their father, and were for that crime buried alive up to
+their necks. Travellers passing by were ordered not to feed them; but one
+compassionate horseman as he rode along threw the core of an apple to one,
+on which she subsisted for three days. Wonderful is it to state that three
+groups of firs sprung up miraculously from the graves of the three maids.
+Thus their memories have been perpetuated. The peasantry of Winchester and
+its neighbourhood for the most part accredit the story, and I see no reason
+for disbelieving the first part of it myself. Does any one know of a like
+punishment being awarded in olden times, when the tender mercies of the law
+were cruel and arbitrary?
+
+_Mother Russel's Post._--Whilst I am on the subject of folk lore I may as
+well add, that on the road to Kings Sombourn, of educational renown, there
+is a spot where four roads meet. Report says that a certain Mother Russel,
+who committed suicide, was buried there. A little girl in this village was
+afraid to pass the spot at night on account of the ghosts, which are
+supposed to haunt it in the hours of darkness. The rightful name of the
+place is "Mother Russel's Post."
+
+EUSTACE W. JACOB.
+
+Crawley.
+
+_Shrove Tuesday Custom_ (Vol. ix., p. 65.).--The Shrove Tuesday custom
+mentioned by MR. ELLIOTT as existing at Leicester, and an account of which
+he quotes from Hone's _Year-Book_, has been abolished within the last few
+years. There is, I believe, still a curious custom on that day at Ludlow,
+the origin and meaning of which has never, so far as I am aware, been
+discovered and stated.
+
+ "The corporation," I quote from a history of the town, "provide a rope,
+ three inches in thickness, and in length thirty-six yards, which is
+ given out at one of the windows of the Market House as the clock
+ strikes four, when a large body of the inhabitants, divided into two
+ parties, commence an arduous struggle, and as soon as either party
+ gains the victory by pulling the rope beyond the prescribed limits, the
+ pulling ceases, &c.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+ "Without doubt this singular custom is symbolical of some remarkable
+ event, and a remnant of that ancient language of visible signs, which,
+ says a celebrated writer, 'imperfectly supplies the want of letters to
+ perpetuate the remembrance of public or private transactions.' The sign
+ in this instance has survived the remembrance of the occurrence it was
+ designed to represent, and remains a profound mystery. It has been
+ insinuated that the real occasion of this custom is known to the
+ corporation, but that, for some reason or other, they are tenacious of
+ the secret."
+
+The local historian then mentions an "obscure tradition," but as it is not
+in agreement with my own opinion, I omit it.
+
+S. P. Q.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+STORNELLO.
+
+Verses, the rhymes of which return after the fashion of those printed in
+"N. & Q." (Vol. vi., p. 603., and Vol. vii., p. 174.), are commonly current
+among the peasants of Tuscany, and in many instances form the materials of
+their popular songs. It is probable that this description of rhyme
+originated in the "bel paese la dove 'l si suona." They usually turn on a
+combination of _three_ words, as in those quoted in Vol vii. of "N. & Q."
+And the name _stornello_, as will be readily perceived, is derived from
+_tornare_, to return. I send you a specimen of one of them, which has a
+certain degree of historical interest attached to it, from its connexion
+with the movement of 1848. It was difficult to walk through the streets of
+Florence in those days without hearing it carolled forth by more than one
+Florentine Tyrtæus. _Now_, I need hardly say, "we never mention it--its
+name is never heard." The patriot-flag was a _tricolor_ of white, red, and
+green, a nosegay of which colours a youth has brought to his mistress. She
+sings as follows:
+
+ "E gli dirò che il verde, il rosso, il bianco
+ Gli stanno ben con una spada al fianco.
+ E gli dirò che il bianco, il verde, il rosso,
+ Vuol dir che Italia il duro giogo ha scosso.
+ E gli dirò che il rosso, il bianco, il verde
+ E un terno che si giuoca e non si perde."
+
+Of which the following rough version may serve to give a
+sufficiently-accurate idea of the meaning, for the benefit of your "country
+gentlemen" readers:
+
+ "And I'll tell him the green, and the red, and the white
+ Would look well by his side as a sword-knot so bright.
+ And I'll tell him the white, and the green, and the red
+ Mean, our country has flung the vile yoke from her head.
+ And I'll tell him the red, and the white, and the green
+ Is the prize that we play for, a prize that we'll win."
+
+"Un terno che si giuoca" is a phrase which refers to the system of the
+public lotteries, {300} established (so much to their shame) by the Italian
+governments; and a page of explanation of that system would be needful, to
+make any literal translation of it intelligible to an English reader.
+
+In conclusion I may say, in reply to the Query of HENRY H. BREEN, that the
+Popes alluded to in the epigram cited by him as above referred to (Vol.
+vi., p. 603.), seem evidently to have been Julius II. (Rovere), Leo X.
+(Medici), Clement VII. (Medici), and Paul III. (Farnese). And the epigram
+in question says no more than the truth, in asserting that they all four
+occasioned infinite mischief to France.
+
+T. A. T.
+
+Florence.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Perspective._--There is a very common error in drawing walls, the plane of
+which is parallel to the plane of the picture. An instance of it occurs in
+the façade of Sennacherib's Palace, Layard's 2nd book on Nineveh,
+frontispiece. All the horizontal lines in the plane of the picture are
+drawn parallel. The fact is, that every line above or below the line of the
+horizon, though _really_ parallel to it, _apparently_ approaches it, as it
+is produced to the right or left. The reason is obvious. One point in the
+wall, viz. that on which you let fall a perpendicular from your eye, is
+nearest to your eye. The perpendicular height of the wall, as drawn through
+this point, must therefore appear greater than as drawn through any other
+point more to the right or left. The lines which are really parallel do
+therefore apparently converge on some point more or less distant, according
+to the distance of the wall from your eye. Every drawing in which this
+principle is not considered must, I think, appear out of perspective.
+
+G. T. HOARE.
+
+Tandridge.
+
+"_That._"--I lately met with the following grammatical puzzle among some
+old papers. I forget from what book I copied it many years ago. Perhaps it
+may be new to some of your readers.
+
+ "I'll prove the word that I have made my theme,
+ Is that that may be _doubled_ without blame,
+ And that that that thus _trebled_ I may use,
+ And that that that that critics may abuse,
+ May be correct.--Farther, the Dons to bother,
+ _Five_ thats may closely follow one another--
+ For, be it known that we may safely write
+ Or say that that that that that man writ was right;
+ Nay, e'en that that that that that that has followed
+ Through _six_ repeats, the grammar's rule has hallowed,
+ And that that that (that _that_ that that began),
+ Repeated _seven_ times is right! Deny't who can."
+
+McC.
+
+_Corporation Enactments._--In the town books of the Corporation of Youghal,
+co. Cork, among other singular enactments of that body are two which will
+now be regarded as curiosities. In the years 1680 and 1703, a cook and a
+barber received their freedom, on condition that they would respectively
+dress the mayor's feasts, and shave the Corporation, gratis!
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Jacobite Club._--The adherents of the Stuarts are now nearly extinct; but
+I recollect a few years ago an old gentleman, in London, who was then
+upwards of eighty years of age, and who was a stanch Jacobite. I have heard
+him say that, "when he was a young man, his father belonged to a society in
+Aldersgate Street, called the 'Mourning Bush;' and this Bush was to be
+always in mourning until the Stuarts were restored." A member of this
+Society having been met in mourning when one of the reigning family had
+died, was asked by one of the members how it so happened? His reply was,
+that he was "not mourning for the dead, but for the living." The old
+gentleman was father of the Mercers' Company, and his brother of the
+Stationers' Company: they were bachelors, and citizens of the old school,
+hospitable, liberal, and charitable. An instance occurred, that the latter
+had a presentation to Christ's Hospital: he was applied to on behalf of a
+person who had a large family; but the father not being a freeman, he could
+not present it to the son. He immediately bought the freedom for the
+father, and gave the son the presentation! This is a rare act.
+
+The brothers have long gone to receive the reward of their goodness, and
+lie buried in the cemetery attached to Mercers' Hall, Cheapside.
+
+JAMES REED.
+
+Sunderland.
+
+_Dean Nowell's first Wife._--Churton, in his _Life of Alexander Nowell_,
+dean of St. Paul's, p. 368., is at a loss to know the name of the dean's
+first wife. He says:
+
+ "Of his first wife nothing farther is known but that he was married,
+ either to her or to his second wife, in or before the year 1561. His
+ surviving wife, Eliz. Nowell, had been twice married before, and had
+ children by both her former husbands. Laurence Ball appears to have
+ been her first husband, and Thomas Blount her second."
+
+The pedigree of Bowyer, in the _Visitation of Sussex_, in 1633-4, gives the
+name of the dean's first wife:
+
+ "Thomas = Jane, da. and heir of = Alexander Nowell,
+ Bowyer Robert Merry, son dean of St. Paul's.
+ of London. of Thomas Merry 2nd husband."
+ of Hatfield.
+
+Y. S.
+
+"_Oxoniana._"--To your list of desirable reprints, I beg to add the very
+amusing work under this title, and originally published in four small {301}
+volumes about fifty years since, and now become scarce. Additions and
+corrections would add to the value and interest of a work which preserves
+many curious traits of past times and of Oxford Dons.
+
+ALPHA.
+
+_An Epigram falsely ascribed to George Herbert._--The recent editors of
+George Herbert have printed as his, among his Latin poems, the last two
+lines of the 76th epigram of Martial's eighth book:
+
+ "Vero verius ergo quid sit, audi:
+ Verum, Gallice, non libenter audis."
+
+J. E. B. MAYOR.
+
+_Ingulph: Bohn's "Antiquarian Library."_--Will you kindly allow me to avail
+myself of your columns to correct an error in my translation of "Ingulph,"
+in Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_? In the note to page 2, the Abbey of
+_Bardney,_ in Lincolnshire, is confounded with _Partney,_ which was one of
+its cells. The mistake was not observed till, unfortunately, the sheet had
+been printed; and it was accidentally omitted among the _errata_. My
+authority had, I rather think, been misled by Camden.
+
+HENRY T. RILEY.
+
+31. St. Peter's Square, Hammersmith.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+QUOTATIONS WANTED.
+
+ "Quid levius calamo? Pulvis. Quid pulvere? Ventus.
+ Quid vento? Meretrix. Quid meretrice? Nihil."
+
+ "What is lighter than a feather?
+ Dust. The wind more light than either.
+ What is lighter than the wind?
+ Airy, fickle, womankind.
+ What than womankind is lighter?
+ Nothing, nothing--but the writer."
+
+X. Y.
+
+ "The knights are dust,
+ Their good swords are rust,
+ Their souls are with the saint, we trust."
+
+C. M. O'CAOIMH.
+
+ "Circles are prized, not that abound
+ In greatness, but the exactly round.
+ Thus men are honoured, who excel,
+ Not in high state, but doing well."
+
+G. C. H.
+
+ "Ill habits gather by unseen degrees,
+ As brooks to rivers, rivers run to seas."
+
+S.
+
+ "The clanging trumpet sounds to arms,
+ And calls me forth to battle:
+ Our banners float 'midst war's alarms,
+ The signal cannons rattle."
+
+T. W.
+
+ "Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love,
+ Aught to implore were impotence of mind."
+
+Q.
+
+ "He no longer shall dwell
+ Upon that dirty ball,
+ But to heaven shall come,
+ And make punch for us all."
+
+A SEPTUAGENARIAN.
+
+ "Sometimes, indeed, an acre's breadth half green,
+ And half strewed o'er with rubbish, may be seen.
+ When lo! a board, with quadrilateral grace,
+ Stands stiff in the phenomenon of space,
+ Proposing still the neighbourhood's increase,
+ By, 'Ground to let upon a building lease.'"
+
+H. W.
+
+ "Then what remains, but well our parts to chuse,
+ And keep good humour whatsoe'er we lose."
+
+F. W. J.
+
+ "Bachelors of every station,
+ Listen to my true relation."
+
+Also a ballad describing the visit of a countryman and his wife to Oxford.
+Both of Berkshire origin.
+
+L.
+
+"A fellow feeling makes us wond'rous kind."
+
+W. V.
+
+"Sir John once said a good thing."
+
+[Greek: Xanthos].
+
+ * * * * *
+
+SIR EDMUND PLOWDEN.
+
+In your publication (Vol. iv., p. 319.), one of your correspondents has
+given some interesting particulars relative to Sir Edmund Plowden, New
+Albion, &c., and expresses the hope that Americans will hereafter do
+justice to the memory of one really deserving their respect. I am desirous
+of doing something to vindicate his memory and claims; and to this end
+should be greatly obliged if your correspondent would favour me with some
+additional facts. To get at these, I will put some of them in the
+interrogative form.
+
+When and where was Sir Edmund born?
+
+What is the evidence that he was in America from 1620 to 1630? If so, where
+(in what localities), and what capacity?
+
+He says that his sister married a son of Secretary Lake, _then_ in office;
+but Lake was turned out several years before 1630, and Lord Baltimore took
+his place, I think. Nor was Wentworth made Earl of Strafford till after the
+time of the petition.
+
+He is said to have served five years in Ireland: in what capacity?
+
+Who were Viscount Musherry, Lord Monson, Sir Thomas Denby, (Claiborne I
+know of), Capt. Balls; besides Sir John Laurence, Sir Bowyer {302}
+Worstley, Barrett, &c.? Where did these parties "die, in America," in 1634?
+
+Is the _Latin_ original of the character in existence? There is an omission
+in the bounds given in the paper referred to: can I get an extract from the
+original entry of limits?
+
+Did the charter ever pass the _Great Seal_?
+
+Would it be valid, if only passed under the private seal?
+
+Can the date of the grant to Danby be ascertained?
+
+Are there any memoranda of Plowden's six years' residence as Governor of
+New Albion (I have some of his residence in Virginia)?
+
+Can I get more definite facts about the misconduct of Francis?
+
+The license for alienation, &c. is stated to have been obtained 15th of
+Charles, 1646; but the 15th of Charles was 1640. When did he arrive to
+attend to his property, and when was he imprisoned in the Fleet?
+
+Who was Beauchamp Plantagenet, the author of the tract on _New Albion_,
+published in 1648?
+
+Who were Robert Evelin, Captain Young, and Master Miles, mentioned in that
+tract?
+
+Can you give me any additional facts, _dates_ especially, of events and
+births, deaths, &c.?
+
+I know not into whose hands these Queries will come; but I can say that, if
+they are answered, the cause of historic truth and justice will be served;
+and I shall have the aid I want towards correcting the misrepresentations
+and errors that have been accumulating for years on this point.
+
+S. F. STREETER, Sec. Md. Hist. Soc.
+
+Baltimore Md., March 2, 1854.
+
+P. S.--I should like to inquire, through your publication, if any one can
+give me the family of Mr. Claiborne; and any facts in his history not
+stated in our works?
+
+ * * * * *
+
+ANCIENT CLOCK, AND ODEVAERE'S HISTORY OF IT.
+
+As a portion of the history of the magnificent clock, which came into my
+possession last year, is connected with Holland, I think it probable that I
+may, through the means of "N. & Q." and the _Navorscher_, be able to obtain
+the information respecting it which I desire. I shall therefore be very
+much obliged if you will give this communication a place.
+
+It will be necessary to give a brief description of the clock, so as to
+enable parties on the other side of the water to recognise and identify it.
+The clock, which is of copper richly gilt, and elaborately engraved, stands
+about four feet high, independent of the pedestal. It is of architectural
+design, and is divided into three stories, having detached columns at each
+corner. The two lower stories contain the dials in the front. The upper
+story exhibits the groups of moving silver figures, which strike the
+quarters, hours, and move in procession whilst a tune is played by a chime
+of bells. The whole is surmounted by a dome, on which is placed a silver
+cock, which flaps his wings and crows when the clock strikes. It was made
+by Isaac Hahrecht (the artist who made the great clock in the cathedral at
+Strasburg), according to the inscription on it, in the year 1589: and is
+evidently a model of that celebrated work condensed into a single tower,
+since it performs all the feats of that clock. Its reputed history, as
+given in a printed account of it, is, that it was made for Pope Sixtus V.,
+and was for more than two hundred years in the possession of the Court of
+Rome. It afterwards came into the possession of William I., King of the
+Netherlands, who authorised Odevaere the antiquary, now deceased, to
+investigate everything concerning it, and to give a description of it. What
+I should wish to know is, who was this Odevaere, and where is his
+description of it to be found? With regard to the history of the clock, I
+should wish to know the authority for the statement of its having been made
+for the Pope, when and how it came to leave the Vatican; how it became the
+property of the King of Holland; when and why it ceased to belong to the
+crown of Holland; and under what circumstances it came over to this
+country, where it was exhibited in 1850?
+
+If any of the readers of "N. & Q.," or the _Navorscher_, can give me any
+information respecting it, I shall feel greatly obliged.
+
+OCTAVIUS MORGAN.
+
+9. Pall Mall.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Spielberg, when built?_--When and by whom was the prison of Spielberg, in
+Moravia, built? Has it been used exclusively as a state prison?
+
+M. J. S.
+
+_"Ded. Pavli."_--Can you give me any information respecting a tract
+entitled--
+
+ "Ded. Pavli Antiquarius, Theologia, et contra Perciocas Thologo
+ Rvmætatis nostræ scholas Philippi Melanchthonis declamativncvla. Et
+ quædam alia lectv dignissima."
+
+F. COLEMAN.
+
+16. Great St. Helens.
+
+_Mantelpiece: Mantelshelf: Mantelboard: Mantell and Brace._--What is the
+origin of this word, and whence came the thing? It must originally have had
+a use and a meaning, before it became a haven of rest for hyacinth-glasses,
+china monsters, Bohemian glass vases, and a thousand nick-nacks and odds
+and ends of drawing-room {303} furniture, as it _now_ is with us. It had,
+no doubt, some real work to do before it became what we are pleased to term
+_ornamental_.
+
+C. D. LAMONT.
+
+Greenock.
+
+_Passage in Job._--The REV. MOSES MARGOLIOUTH will much oblige the writer,
+and some of his friends, by giving in "N. & Q." a literal translation of
+Job xix. 26. The authorised version is:
+
+ "And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh I
+ shall see God."
+
+The marginal reference gives:
+
+ "After I shall awake, though this body be destroyed, yet out of my
+ flesh shall I see God."
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_Provincial Glossaries._--In an article in the 79th volume of the
+_Edinburgh Review_, on the provincialisms of the European languages, the
+writer says:
+
+ "There are some very copious early English vocabularies lying in
+ manuscript in the Cathedral libraries of Durham, Winchester, and
+ Canterbury; in the British Museum, King's College, and other
+ depositories, deserving collection."
+
+Will any of your learned readers inform me of the dates of the MSS.
+referred to, and by whom the collections were made? I would recommend them
+to the notice of the Camden Society.
+
+FRA. MEWBURN.
+
+_Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancaster._--What crest did this family bear,
+and when did the family become extinct?
+
+J. B.
+
+_A marvellous Combat of Birds._--In the _Phoenix Britannicus_, by J.
+Morgan, London, 4to., p. 250.[2], there is an account of--
+
+ "The wonderful battle of stares (or starlings), fought at Cork on
+ Saturday 12th, and Monday 14th, October, 1621."
+
+And this narration relates, that on the Sunday, October 13, the intervening
+day, the starlings absented themselves to fight at Woolwich, in Kent!!
+
+Without vouching for the fact, or calling in question the prowess of this
+"Irish Brigade," I leave it to be confirmed or refuted by any reader of the
+"N. & Q."--_comme bon lui semblera_.
+
+[Greek: S].
+
+P. S.--I would, _à propos_ to the above subject, thank any reader of your
+miscellany to point out to me a work by a M. Hanhart (I believe is the
+name), which I think is upon _Les Moeurs des Fourmis indigènes_, in which
+are given some particulars of regular conflicts between ants. I am not
+aware of the exact title of the book, but I have seen an account of it in
+some Edinburgh periodical, if I am not mistaken.
+
+[Footnote 2: At p. 252. of the same article is an account of the battle of
+the gnats, noticed by MR. E. W. JACOB.--ED.]
+
+_Battle of the Gnats._--In reading Stowe's _Chronicles of England_, I hit
+upon the following passage recorded in the reign of King Richard II., p.
+509.:
+
+ "A fighting among gnats at the King's Maner of _Shine_, where they were
+ so thicke gathered, that the ayre was darkned with them: they fought
+ and made a great battaile. Two partes of them being slayne, fel downe
+ to the grounde; the thirde parte hauing got the victorie, flew away, no
+ man knew whither. The number of the deade was such that might be swepte
+ uppe with besomes, and bushels filled weyth them."
+
+This is a curious incident, and I have never heard of anything of the sort
+taking place in modern times. Would some of your readers who study natural
+history be good enough to give me another instance? I am at present
+inclined to think that the account is one of the many myths which Stow
+doubtless believed.
+
+EUSTACE W. JACOB.
+
+_Sandford of Thorpe Salvine, Co. York._--Wanted, the arms and crest of the
+Sandfords of Thorpe Salvine. Also any particulars of the family, from the
+commencement of their residence at High Ashes, in the parish of
+Ashton-under-Lyne, co. Lancashire, until the termination of that residence.
+Were they of the same family with Sandford, Baron Mount Sandford?
+
+J. B.
+
+"_Outlines of the History of Theology_," 8vo., London, 1844, said to be
+privately printed. Any information as to the author, &c. will oblige
+
+JOHN MARTIN.
+
+Woburn Abbey.
+
+_"Mawkin."_--Is this word, which signifies here "a scarecrow," merely a
+Norfolk pronunciation of _mocking_? i. e. an imitation of a man--composed
+of coat, hat, &c. hung upon a cross bar of wood?
+
+J. L. S.
+
+_"Plain Dealer."_--Can any one of your readers inform me where I can see a
+copy of Aaron Hill's _Plain Dealer_, as originally published, and before it
+was collected and printed in two volumes?
+
+D.
+
+_Hymn attributed to Handel._--Can any of your readers give information
+concerning a hymn which commences thus:
+
+ "We'll proclaim the wond'rous story
+ Of the mercies we receive,
+ From the day-spring's dawn in glory,
+ To the fading hour of eve."
+
+It has been attributed to Handel. On what authority?
+
+W. P. STORER.
+
+Olney, Bucks.
+
+{304}
+
+_Degrees in Arts._--In the diploma of Master of Arts which I obtained from
+the University of Edinburgh, occur the words:
+
+ "Cunctaque consecutum esse Privilegia, Immunitates, Jura, quæ hic aut
+ usquam alibi Bonarum Artium Magistris concedi solent."
+
+What are (or rather _were_, for I suppose they do not now exist) these
+_privilegia_, _immunitates_, and _jura_?
+
+ANNANDALE.
+
+_"Goloshes"--"Kutchin-kutchu."_--What is the origin of _goloshes_, as the
+name of water-proof shoes? It is, of course, of American derivation. But
+has it any connexion with the tribe of North American Indians, the
+Goloshes? They are the immediate neighbours of those tribes of Esquimaux
+who form water-proof boats and dresses from the entrails of the seal; and a
+confusion of names may easily have occurred.
+
+The expedition of Sir John Richardson to the Arctic shores, which suggests
+the above Query, also gives rise to another. Did any of your readers ever
+amuse themselves, as children, by performing the dance known as _kutchin
+kutchu_-ing; which consists in jumping about with the legs bent in a
+sitting posture? If so, have they not been struck with a philological
+mania, on seeing his picture of the Kutchin-Kutcha Indians dancing; in
+which the principal performer is actually figuring in the midst of the wild
+circle in the way described. Is not the nursery term something more than a
+mere coincidence?
+
+SELEUCUS.
+
+_Cornwalls of London._--Perhaps some reader of "N. & Q." may be able to
+inform me what were the arms, crest, and motto of the Cornwalls of London?
+One of the family, John Cornwall, was a Director of the Bank of England in
+1769.
+
+F. C.
+
+Beverley.
+
+_Flasks for Wine-bottles._--When, and under what circumstances, did the
+common use of flasks in this country, for holding wine, go out? Hogarth
+died in 1764, and in none of his pictures, I believe, is the wine-bottle,
+in its present shape, to be seen. On the other hand, I have never found any
+person able to remember the use of flasks, or indeed any other than the
+wine-bottle in its present shape. The change must have been rapidly
+effected between 1760 and 1790. Of course I am aware that certain wines,
+Greek, I believe, are still imported in flasks.
+
+HENRY T. RILEY.
+
+_Froxhalmi, Prolectricus, Phytacus, Tuleus, Candos, Gracianus, and Tounu or
+Tonnu._--Can any of your correspondents suggest the meaning of these words,
+or either them? They are not in the recent Paris edition of Ducange.
+
+HENRY T. RILEY.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Postmaster at Merton College._--Can you tell me whether there is any known
+derivation for the term "Postmaster," as applied to part of the members on
+the Foundation of Merton College, Oxford? Also, What connexion there is
+between this word and the Latin for it, which is seen on the college plate,
+in the words "In usum Portionistarum?"
+
+J. G. T.
+
+Ch. Ch.
+
+ [It seems probable that these postmasters formerly occupied one of the
+ postern gates of the college. Hence we find Anthony à Wood, in his
+ Life, August 1, 1635, says, "A fine of 30_li._ was set by the warden
+ and fellowes of Merton College. When his father renewed his lease of
+ the old stone-house, wherein his son A. Wood was borne (called
+ antiently Portionists' or Postmasters' Hall), for forty yeares," &c.
+ Again, April 13, 1664: "A meeting of the warden and fellowes of Merton
+ College, where the renewing of the leases belonging to the family,
+ concerning the housing (Portionists' Hall and its appurtenances)
+ against Merton College, was by them proposed." Fuller, in his _Church
+ Hist._, book III. cent. xiii. sect. 8., has given the origin of
+ postmasters. "There is," says he, "a by-foundation in Merton College, a
+ kind of college in the college, and this tradition goeth of their
+ original:--Anciently there was, over against Merton College, a small
+ unendowed hall, whose scholars had so run in arrears, that their
+ opposite neighbours, out of charity, took them into their college (then
+ but nine in number) to wait on the fellows. But since, they are freed
+ from any attendance, and endowed with plentiful maintenance.... Bishop
+ Jewel was a postmaster, before removed hence to be fellow of Corpus
+ Christi." Consult also Oxoniana, vol. ii. pp. 15-22. The _Portionistæ_,
+ or Postmasters, did not reside in the college till the latter end of
+ the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but in a hall opposite to it, which had
+ been provided for the use of the college by Peter de Habinton, or
+ Habendon, the first warden. It afterwards became the property of the
+ father of Anthony à Wood, and beneath its roof that distinguished
+ antiquary was born, December 17, 1632. The second brother of Anthony
+ became one of the postmasters of Merton College.]
+
+_"Lyra Apostolica."_--Can you inform me who were the writers in the _Lyra
+Apostolica_ who assumed the letters [alpha], [beta], [gamma], [delta],
+[epsilon], [zeta]?
+
+TYRO.
+
+ [We have heard the initials attributed to the following
+ writers:--[alpha], Bowden; [beta], R. H. Froude; [gamma], John Keble;
+ [delta], J. H. Newman; [epsilon], Isaac Williams; [zeta], Wilberforce.]
+
+_East Dereham Manor._--Is it true that "the manor of East Dereham of the
+Queen" was wrested from the See of Ely by Queen Elizabeth's celebrated
+threat of "unfrocking?"
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+ [The memorable unique epistle from the maiden Majesty of England only
+ deprived Dr. Cox, at that time, of his town-house and fair gardens,
+ called Ely {305} Place, on Holborn Hill, reserving to himself and his
+ successors free access, through the gate-house, of walking in the
+ garden, and leave to gather twenty bushels of roses yearly therein!
+ During the life of Dr. Cox an attempt was made by Elizabeth on some of
+ the best manors belonging to the See of Ely; but it was not till that
+ of his successor, Dr. Martin Heton, that Dereham Grange, with other
+ manors, were alienated to the Crown. See Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol.
+ i. p. 466.]
+
+_Quakers executed in North America._--Were there not several Quakers hanged
+in North America on account of their religious opinions? And can you inform
+me where an account of the circumstances attending this persecution (if
+there ever was such an one) can be found?
+
+ALFRED CONDER.
+
+ [Three Quakers were executed at Boston in 1659, viz. William Robinson,
+ merchant of London; Marmaduke Stevenson of Yorkshire; and Mary Dyar. An
+ account of the cruelties inflicted upon them is given in Sewell's
+ _History of the Quakers_, edit. 1725, pp. 219-227.; also in a pamphlet
+ entitled _A Declaration of the sad and great Persecution and Martyrdom
+ of the People of God, called Quakers, in New England, for the
+ Worshipping of God_: London, printed for Robert Wilson, in
+ Martin's-le-Grand, 1661. It will be found among the King's Pamphlets in
+ the British Museum.]
+
+_Inscription in Fulham Church._--I should esteem it a favour if any one of
+your numerous correspondents would furnish me with a correct copy of the
+inscription to the memory of the son of Colonel Wm. Carlos, who so nobly
+defended Charles II. at the battle of Worcester.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+ ["Here lieth William Carlos of Stafford, who departed this life, in the
+ twenty-fifth yeare of his age, the 19th day of May, 1668.
+
+ 'Tis not bare names that noble fathers give
+ To worthy sonnes: though dead, in them they live;
+ For in his progeny, 'tis Heaven's decree,
+ Man only can on earth immortall bee;
+ But Heaven gives soules w^h grace doth sometymes bend
+ Early to God their rice and Soveraigne end.
+ Thus, whilst that earth, concern'd, did hope to see
+ Thy noble father living still in thee,
+ Careless of earth, to heaven thou didst aspire,
+ And we on earth, Carlos in thee desire."
+
+ Arms: an oak on a fesse, three regal crowns.]
+
+_Hero of the "Spanish Lady's Love."_--Was Sir John Bolle, of Thorpe Hall,
+near Louth, the hero of the _Spanish Lady's Love_? The Bolle pedigree is in
+Illingworth's _History of Scampton_.
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+ [According to Ormerod's _Cheshire_, vol. iii. p. 333., Sir Urian Legh,
+ of Adlington, disputes the fact of being the hero of that romantic
+ affair. "Sir Urian Legh was knighted by the Earl of Essex at the siege
+ of Cadiz, and during that expedition is traditionally said to have been
+ engaged in an adventure which gave rise to the well-known ballad of
+ 'The Spanish Lady's Love.' A fine original portrait of Sir Urian, in a
+ Spanish dress, is preserved at Bramall, which has been copied for the
+ family at Adlington." So that between these two chivalrous knights it
+ is difficult to decide which is the famed gallant. From the care
+ exercised by Mr. Illingworth in collecting all the anecdotes and
+ notices of the Bolle family, the presumptive evidence seems to favour
+ his hero.]
+
+_"Bothy."_--In the March Number of _Blackwood's Magazine_, 1854, the word
+"bothy" is frequently used in an article called "News from the Farm." Will
+some one of your numerous correspondents give me a little account of "the
+bothy system?"
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+ [A bothy is a cottage or hut where labouring servants are lodged, and
+ is sometimes built of wood, as we read in the _Jacobite Relics_, ii.
+ 189.:
+
+ "Fare thee well, my native cot,
+ _Bothy_ of the birken tree!
+ Sair the heart, and hard the lot,
+ O' the lad that parts wi' thee."
+
+ Bothies, or detached houses, in which the unmarried farm-servants sleep
+ and prepare their victuals, and of which there is a considerable number
+ in Perthshire, though convenient and beneficial in some respects, have
+ not, certainly, contributed to the formation of virtuous habits. These
+ servants are often migratory, removing frequently at the expiration of
+ the year, according as humour or caprice may dictate, and, like birds
+ of passage, taking their departure to other lands.]
+
+_"Children in the Wood."_--Was Weyland Wood in Norfolk the scene of the
+"Children in the Wood?"
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+ [The following account of this tradition is given in _Beauties of
+ England and Wales_, vol. xi. p. 269., Norfolk:--"Near the town of
+ Watton is Weyland Wood, vulgarly called _Wailing_ Wood, from a
+ tradition that two infants were basely murdered in it by their uncle;
+ and which furnished the story of a beautifully pathetic and well-known
+ ancient ballad, entitled "The Children in the Wood, or the Norfolk
+ Gentleman's Last Will and Testament," preserved in Percy's _Reliques_.]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BRYDONE THE TOURIST.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 138. 255.)
+
+In reply to H. R. NÉE F., I beg to state that the writer of the remarks
+alluded to, on Brydone's _Tour in Sicily and Malta_, was the Rev. Robert
+Finch, M.A., formerly of Balliol College in this University, and who died
+about the year 1830. When I met with Mr. Finch's honest and somewhat blunt
+expression of opinion, recorded in a {306} copy which once belonged to him,
+of Brydone's _Tour_, I was quite ignorant of the hostile criticisms that
+had appeared at different times on that once popular work; but knowing Mr.
+Finch's high character for scholarship, and a knowledge of Italy, I thought
+his remark worth sending to a publication intended, like "N. & Q.," as "A
+Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, Antiquaries," &c., who are
+well able to examine a Note of the kind; and either to accept it as valid,
+or to reject it as untenable. On referring now to some standard works, in
+order to discover the opinions of learned men respecting Mr. Brydone's
+_Tour_, the first work I looked into was the _Biographie Universelle_ (in
+eighty-three volumes, and not yet completed, Paris, 1811-1853), in vol.
+lix. of which the following observations occur, under the name of BRYDONE
+(Patrice):
+
+ "On lui a reproché d'avoir sacrifié la vérité au plaisir de raconter
+ des choses piquantes. On l'avait accusé aussi d'avoir, par son
+ indiscretion, suscité à l'Abbé Recupero, Chanoine de Catane, une
+ persécution de la part de son évêque. Cette indiscretion n'eut pas
+ heureusement un résultat aussi facheux; mais ses erreurs sur plusieurs
+ points sont évidentes; il donne 4000 toises de hauteur à l'Etna qui
+ n'en a que 1662; il commet d'autres fautes qui ont été relevées par les
+ voyageurs venus après lui. Bartels (_Briefe über Kalabrien und
+ Sicilien_, 2te Auflage, 3 Bd., 8vo., Götting. 1791-92) est même
+ persuadé que le voyage au sommet de l'Etna, chef-d'oeuvre de narration,
+ n'est qu'un roman, et cet avis est partagé par d'autres."
+
+Göthe says (_Werke_, Band xxviii. pp. 189, 190.: Stuttgart, 1830) that when
+he inquired at Catania respecting the best method of ascending Mount Etna,
+Chevalier Gioeni, the professor of natural history there, gave him the
+following advice and information:
+
+ "Als wir den Ritter um die Mittel befragten wie man sich benehmen müsse
+ um den Aetna zu besteigen, wollte er von einer Wagniss nach dem Gipfel,
+ besonders in der gegenwärtigen Jahreszeit gar nichts hören. Ueberhaupt,
+ sagte er, nachdem er uns um Verzeihung gebeten, die hier ankommenden
+ Fremden sehen die Sache für allzuleicht an; wir andern Nachbarn des
+ Berges sind schon zufrieden, wenn wir ein paarmal in unserm Leben die
+ beste Gelegenheit abgepasst und den Gipfel erreicht haben. Brydone, der
+ zuerst durch seine Beschreibung die Lust nach diesem Feuergipfel
+ entzündet, ist gar nicht hinauf gekommen."
+
+From these quotations it is evident, that Mr. Finch was not singular in the
+belief he entertained; and certainly the scepticism of men so eminent as
+Professor Gioeni, Dr. Barthels, and Messrs. Eyriès and Parisot (the French
+writers whose names are attached to the Memoir in the _Biog. Univ._), must
+be grounded on reasons deserving of attention. An ordinary reader of
+Brydone would accept the account of his ascent with implicit confidence;
+but when veteran professors, scientific men, and experienced travellers and
+scholars refuse to believe that he reached the summit of Etna, the most
+probable mode of accounting for their incredulity is, perhaps to suppose,
+that in their opinion he had mistaken some other part of the mountain for
+the real summit. Not having met with any detail of their reasons for
+disbelief, I am only able to state their bare assertion. In my opinion, the
+beautifully glowing and poetical description of the magic scene beheld by
+Brydone from the mountain--a description, the perusal of which, in youth,
+remains for ever after imprinted on the memory, like a passage from Addison
+or Gibbon, could only have been written by an actual spectator.
+
+JOHN MACRAY.
+
+Oxford.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+"THE RED COW"--CROMWELL'S CARRIAGES, ETC.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 87.)
+
+I have known "The Red Cow," at the top of Granham Hill, near Marlborough,
+for fifty years, but do not recollect ever to have heard of any particular
+origin for the sign.
+
+The old carriages at Manton were built about a century and a half ago,
+perhaps not so much, for one of the Baskerville family, on the occasion of
+his being sheriff of the county to which he belonged, probably Wilts or
+Hereford. There are two of them: one a square coach, and the other a very
+high phaeton. The Baskerville arms--Ar. a chevron gu. between three hurts,
+impaling, quarterly, one and four, or, a cross moline az, two and three,
+gu. a chevron ar. between three mallets or--are painted on the panels. As I
+have no ordinary of arms at hand, I cannot ascribe this impalement; but
+will trust to some more learned herald among your correspondents to
+determine who the lady was? When her name, perhaps Moleyns or Molyneaux, is
+ascertained, reference to a Baskerville pedigree would probably determine
+the husband, and the precise date of the carriages, which could not have
+belonged to the Protector.
+
+O. Cromwell's arms were, Sable, a lion rampant ar. There were also two
+families styled Williams _alias_ Cromwell: one of which bore, Gu. three
+cheverons ar. between as many lions rampant or; the other, Sa. a lion
+rampant ar., the same as Oliver's coat, and probably derived by him from
+the Williams family.
+
+I have wandered from "The Red Cow," but I will not omit to hazard an idea
+for the consideration of GLYWYSYDD. Marlborough has changed its armorial
+bearings several times; but the present coat, containing a white bull, was
+granted by Harvey, Clarenceux in A.D. 1565. Cromwell was attached to
+Cowbridge and its cow by family {307} descent; so he was to Marlborough by
+congeniality of sentiment with the burghers. Query, Whether, in affection
+to the latter, he granted to the town a new coat, some such as the
+following: Gules, a bull passant argent, armed or, impaling a cow passant
+regardant gules: and so might originate "The Red Cow" upon Granham Hill.
+History is entirely silent upon this point; but if such a combination were
+ever given to Marlborough, it is quite certain that Harvey's grant was
+resumed at the Restoration. I have quite forgotten to remark, that there is
+a suburb at Marlborough called Cowbridge--a fact which seems to strengthen
+my hypothesis.
+
+A cow may be borne by some name, but at present I only recollect that of
+Vach: to which is accorded, Ar. three cows' heads erased sable. Bulls and
+oxen occur frequently; as in Fitz-Geffrey, Cowley, Bull, Oxley, Oxcliffe,
+Oxendon, &c. Bulls' heads belong to the families of Bullock, Hillesdon,
+Fleming, Barbor, Frend, Gornay, Bullman, and Williams, a baronet, &c.
+
+PATONCE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+FOX-HUNTING.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 172.)
+
+As no answer to the Query on "Fox-hunting" has yet appeared in "N. & Q.," I
+venture to send the following extracts from an article in the _Quarterly
+Review_, March 1832, on "The Management of Hounds and Horses," by Nimrod.
+It appears that "the first public notice of fox-hunting" occurs in the
+reign of Richard II., who gave permission to the Abbot of Peterborough to
+hunt the fox:
+
+ "In Twice's _Treatise on the Craft of Hunting_, Reynard is thus
+ classed:
+
+ 'And for to sette young hunterys in the way
+ To venery, I cast me fyrst to go;
+ Of which four bestes be, that is to say,
+ The Hare, the Herte, the Wulf, and the wild Boar:
+ But there ben other bestes, five of the chase,
+ The Buck the first, the seconde is the Do;
+ The _Fox_ the third, which hath hard grace,
+ The ferthe the Martyn, and the last the Roe.'
+
+ "It is indeed quite apparent, that until at most a hundred and fifty
+ years ago, the fox was considered as an inferior animal of the chase;
+ the stag, buck, and even hare, ranking before him. Previously to that
+ period, he was generally taken in nets or hays, set on the outside of
+ his earth: when he _was_ hunted, it was among rocks and crags, or woods
+ inaccessible to horseman: such a scene in short, or nearly so, as we
+ have drawn to the life in Dandie Dinmont's primitive _chasse_ in _Guy
+ Mannering_. It is difficult to determine when the first regularly
+ appointed pack of hounds appeared among us. Dan Chaucer gives the thing
+ in _embryo_:
+
+ 'Aha, the fox! and after him they ran;
+ And eke with staves many another man.
+ Ran Coll our dogge, and Talbot, and Gerlond,
+ And Malkin with her distaff in her hond.
+ Ran cow and calf, and eke the very hogges,
+ So fered were for the barking of the dogges,
+ And shouting of the men and women eke,
+ They ronnen so, hem thought her hertes brake.'
+
+ "At the next stage, no doubt, neighbouring farmers kept one or two
+ hounds each; and, on stated days, met for the purpose of destroying a
+ fox that had been doing damage to their poultry yards. By and bye, a
+ few couple of strong hounds seem to have been kept by the small country
+ esquires or yeomen who could afford the expense, and they joined packs.
+ Such were called _trencher_ hounds, implying that they ran loose about
+ the house, and were not confined in kennel."
+
+These are but short extracts, but they comprise the whole of what is said
+on the first origin of fox-hunting. The rest of the article treats of the
+quality and breed of horses and hounds.
+
+FREDERICK M. MIDDLETON.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+WEATHER RULES.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 50. 535.)
+
+_St. Vincent's Day, Jan. 22._--In Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, Bohn's
+edition, vol. i. p. 38., is to be found the following notice of this day:
+
+ "Mr. Douce's manuscript notes say: 'Vincenti festo si Sol radiet, memor
+ esto;' thus Englished by Abraham Fleming:
+
+ 'Remember on St Vincent's Day,
+ If that the Sun his beams display.'
+
+ "[Dr. Foster is at a loss to account for the origin of this command,
+ &c.]"
+
+It is probable that the concluding part of the precept has been lost; but a
+curious old manuscript, which fell into my hands some years since, seems to
+supply the deficiency. The manuscript in question is a sort of household
+book, kept by a family of small landed proprietors in the island of
+Guernsey between the years 1505 and 1569. It contains memoranda, copies of
+wills, settlements of accounts, recipes, scraps of songs and parts of hymns
+and prayers; some Romanist, some Anglican, some of the Reformed Church in
+France. Among the scraps of poetry I find the following rhymes on St.
+Vincent's Day; the first three lines of which are evidently a translation
+of the Latin verse above quoted, the last containing the to be remembered:
+
+ "Prens garde au jour St. Vincent,
+ Car sy ce jour tu vois et sent
+ Que le soleil soiet cler et biau,
+ Nous érons du vin plus que d'eau."
+
+These lines follow immediately after the rhymed prognostications to be
+drawn from the state of the weather on St. Paul's Day, Jan. 28. As these
+{308} verses differ from those quoted in Brand, from an _Almanack_ printed
+at Basle in 1672, I here give the Guernsey copy:
+
+ "Je te donneray ugne doctryne
+ Qui te vauldra d'or ugne myne;
+ Et sordement sur moy te fonde,
+ Car je dure autant que ce monde:
+ Et sy te veulx byen advertir
+ Et que je ne veulx point mentir.
+ De mortaylle guerre ou chertey,
+ [A line appears to be lost here]
+ Si le jour St. Paul le convers
+ Se trouve byaucob descouvert,
+ L'on aura pour celle sayson
+ Du bled et du foyn à foyson;
+ Et sy se jour fait vant sur terre,
+ Ce nous synyfye guerre;
+ S'yl pleut ou nège sans fallir
+ Le chier tans nous doet asalir;
+ Si de nyelle faict, brunes ou brouillars,
+ Selon le dyt de nos vyellars,
+ Mortalitey nous est ouverte."
+
+Another line appears to be omitted here; then follow immediately the lines
+on St. Vincent's Day.
+
+EDGAR MACCULLOCH.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+The following is copied from an old manuscript collection of curiosities in
+my possession. I should be glad to know the author's name, and that of the
+book[3] from which it is taken:--
+
+ "_Observations on Remarkable Days, to know how the whole Year will
+ succeed in Weather, Plenty, &c._
+
+ "If it be lowering or wet on Childermas or Innocence Day, it threatens
+ scarcity and mortality among the weaker sort of young people; but if
+ the day be very fair, it promiseth plenty.
+
+ "If New Year's Day, in the morning, open with dusky red clouds, it
+ denotes strifes and debates among great ones, and many robberies to
+ happen that year.
+
+ "It is remarkable on Shrove Tuesday, that as the sun shine little or
+ much on that day, or as other weather happens, so shall every day
+ participate more or less of such weather till the end of Lent.
+
+ "If the sun shines clear on Palm Sunday, or Easter Day, or either of
+ them, there will be great store of fair weather, plenty of corn, and
+ other fruits of the earth.
+
+ "If it rains on Ascension Day, though never so little, it foretells a
+ scarcity to ensue that year, and sickness particularly among cattle;
+ but if it be fair and pleasant, then to the contrary, and pleasant
+ weather mostly till Michaelmas.
+
+ "If it happen to rain on Whitsunday, much thunder and lightning will
+ follow, blasts, mildews, &c. But if it be fair, great plenty of corn.
+
+ "If Midsummer Day be never so little rainy, the hazel and walnut will
+ be scarce, corn smitten in many places; but apples, pear and plums will
+ not be hurt.
+
+ "If on St. Swithin's Day it proves fair, a temperate winter will
+ follow; but if rainy, stormy, or windy, then the contrary.
+
+ "If St. Bartholomew Day be misty, the morning beginning with a hoar
+ frost, then cold weather will soon ensue, and a sharp winter attended
+ with many biting frosts.
+
+ "If Michaelmas Day be fair, the sun will shine much in the winter;
+ though the wind at north-east will frequently reign long, and be very
+ sharp, and nipping."
+
+RUBY.
+
+[Footnote 3: _The Shepherd's Kalendar_, by Thomas Passenger. See "N. & Q."
+Vol. viii., p. 50., where many of his observations are quoted.--ED.]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BINGHAM'S ANTIQUITIES.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 197.)
+
+I beg to send to your correspondent MR. RICHARD BINGHAM the following
+replies to his seven Queries.
+
+1. If there be any use in verifying so slight a verbal reference to
+Panormitan, one of whose huge folios, Venet. 1473, I have examined in vain,
+perhaps the object might be attained by the assistance of such a book as
+Thomassin's _Vetus et Nova Ecclesiæ Disciplina_, in the chapter "De
+Episcopis Titularibus," tom. i.
+
+2. Bishop Bale's description of the monks of Bangor is to be found in his
+_Scriptor. Britann. Catal._ Compare Richard Broughton's _True Memorial of
+the ancient State of Great Britain_, pp. 39. 40, ed. an. 1650.
+
+3. I should think in his _Colloquies_, and most probably in the
+_Peregrinatio Religionis ergo_. Erasmus, in his _Modus orandi Deum_, also
+observes that "quidam in concionibus implorant opem Virginis," and condemns
+the "vestigia veteris Paganismi." (sigg. _u_ and _s_ 2, Basil, 1551.)
+
+4. Respecting the existence of what is called the Epistle of St. Athanasius
+to Eustathius, Cardinal Bona was right and Bingham in error. Vide St.
+Athan., _Opp._ ii. 560, ed. Bened.
+
+5. Bingham was seriously astray in consequence of his misunderstanding
+Bona, who does not by any means refer to Pamelius, but to the anonymous
+author of the _Antiquitatum Liturgicarum Syntagma_, who is believed to have
+been Florentius Vanderhaer. If Pamelius is to be introduced at all, the
+reference in Bingham should be, not to "tom. iii. p. 307.," but to i.
+328-30. I would remark too that, in the heading of one of the extracts
+subjoined, "ex Vita Ambrosiana," should be "ex Ritu Ambrosiano."
+
+6. Joannes Semeca did not flourish A.D. 1250, but died in 1243. Suicer
+wrongly refers to "Dist. IV. cap. iv.," and Harding, more inaccurately, to
+"Dist. IV. _can._ iv." (Bp. Jewel's _Works_, {309} ed. Jelf, i. 419.) Cap.
+xxviii. is the one intended, and there is no corruption whatsoever.
+
+7. Joseph Bingham was only closely following Barrow. The first edition of
+De la Bigne's _Bibliotheca Patrum_, tom. i., also has the evidently
+senseless reading, "ista quidam _ego_," instead of "_nego_," about which
+see Comber's _Roman Forgeries_, ii. 187. For MSS. of the Epistles of Pope
+Symmachus, your correspondent may consult the Carmelite Lud. Jacob à S.
+Carolo's _Bibliotheca Pontifica_, p. 216.; or, much more successfully, De
+Montfaucon's _Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum Manuscriptorum_, Paris, 1739.
+
+R. G.
+
+Should MR. RICHARD BINGHAM not yet have verified the reference to Erasmus,
+I beg to furnish him with the means of doing so but I am tolerably certain
+that I recollect having met with another place in which this admirable
+writer more fully censures those preachers of his Church who, at the
+commencement of their sermons, called upon the Virgin Mary for assistance,
+in a manner somewhat similar to that in which heathen poets used to invoke
+the Muses. The following passage, however, may be quite sufficient for your
+correspondent's purpose:
+
+ "Sed si est fons gratiæ, quid opus est illi dicere Ora pro nobis? Non
+ est probabile eam consuetudinem à gravibus viris inductam, sed ab
+ inepto quopiam, qui, quòd didicerat apud Poëtas propositioni succedere
+ invocationem, pro Musa supposuit Mariam."--Des. Erasmi Roterod.
+ _Apologia adversus Rhapsodias calumniosarum querimoniarum Alberti Pii,
+ quondam Carporum Principis_, p. 168. Basil. in off. Froben. 1531.
+
+R. G.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ANCIENT TENURE OF LANDS.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 173.)
+
+About the close of the tenth century (and perhaps much earlier) there began
+to arise two distinct modes of holding or possessing land: the one a
+_feud_, _i.e._ a stipendiary estate; the other _allodium_, the phrase
+applied to that species of property which had become vested by allotment in
+the conquerors of the country. The stipendiary held of a superior; the
+allodialist of no one, but enjoyed his land as free and independent
+property. The interest of the stipendiary did not originally extend beyond
+his own life, but in course of time it acquired an hereditary character
+which led to the practice of subinfeudation; for the stipendiary or
+feudatory, considering himself as substantially the owner, began to imitate
+the example of his lord by carving out portions of the feud to be held of
+himself by some other person, on the terms and conditions similar to those
+of the original grant. Here B. must be looked upon as only vassal to A.,
+his superior or lord; and although feuds did not originally extend beyond
+the life of the first vassal, yet in process of time they were extended to
+his heirs, so that when the feudatory died, his male descendants were
+admitted to the succession, and in default of them, then such of his male
+collateral kindred as were of the blood of the first feudatory, but no
+others; therefore, in default of these, it would consequently revert to A.,
+who had a reversionary interest in the feud capable of taking effect as
+soon as B.'s interest should determine. If the subinfeudatory lord
+alienated, it would operate as a forfeiture to the person in immediate
+reversion.
+
+W. T. T.
+
+As a very brief reply to the queries of J. B., permit me to make the
+following observations.
+
+The Queen is lady paramount of all the lands in England; every estate in
+land being holden, immediately or mediately, of the crown. This doctrine
+was settled shortly after the Norman Conquest, and is still an axiom of
+law.
+
+Until the statute _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw. I., a tenant in fee simple might
+grant lands to be holden by the grantee and his heirs _of the grantor and
+his heirs_, subject to feudal services and to escheat; and by such
+subinfeudation manors were created.
+
+The above-named statute forbade the future subinfeudation of lands, and
+consequently hindered the further creation of manors. Since the statute a
+seller of the fee can but transfer his tenure. There are instances in which
+one manor is holden of another, both having been created before the
+statute.
+
+In the instance mentioned by J. B. it is presumed that the hamlet escheated
+to the heirs of A. on failure of the heirs of B. (See the statute _De Donis
+Conditionalibus_, 13 Edw. I.)
+
+It is not, and never was, necessary, or even possible, that the lord of a
+manor should be the owner of all the lands therein; on the contrary, if he
+were, there would be no manor; for a manor cannot subsist without a court
+baron, and there can be no such court unless there are _freehold_ tenants
+(at least two in number) holding of the lord. The land retained by the lord
+consists of his own demesne and the wastes, which last comprise the
+highways and commons. If the lord should alienate all the lands, but retain
+his lordship, the latter becomes a _seignory in gross_.
+
+Such was and is the tenure of lands in England, so far as concerns the
+queries of J. B. He will find the subject lucidly explained at great length
+in the second volume of Blackstone's _Commentaries_.
+
+I. CTUS.
+
+Lincoln's Inn.
+
+I think that J. B. will find in Blackstone, or any elementary book on the
+law of real property, all the information which he requires. The case which
+he puts was, I suppose, the common case {310} of subinfeudation before the
+statute of _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw. I. A., the feoffor, reserved to himself
+no estate or reversion in the land, but the seignory only, with the rent
+and services, by virtue of which he might again become entitled to the land
+by escheat, as for want of heirs of the feoffee, or by forfeiture, as for
+felony. If the feoffment were in tail, the land would then, as now, revert
+on failure of issue, unless the entail had been previously barred. The
+right of alienation was gradually acquired; the above statute of _Quia
+Emptores_ was the most important enactment in that behalf. With this
+exception, and the right to devise and to bar entails, the lords of manors
+have the same interest in the land held by freeholders of the manor that
+they had in times of subinfeudation. (Blackstone's _Comm._, vol. ii. ch.
+287., may be carefully consulted.)
+
+H. P.
+
+Lincoln's Inn.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Spots on Collodion Pictures, &c._--The principal difficulty I experience
+in the collodion process is occasioned by the appearance of numberless very
+minute spots or points over the whole extent of the picture. These
+occurring on the whites of my pictures (positives) give them a rough,
+rubbed, appearance and want of _density_, which I should feel obliged if
+any of your correspondents can teach me how to overcome.
+
+One of your photographic querists inquires the remedy for his calotype
+negatives darkening all over before the minor details are brought out. I
+had for a long time been troubled in the same way, but by diminishing the
+aperture of my three-inch lens to half an inch, and reducing the strength
+of my sensitising solution to that given by DR. DIAMOND, and, in addition,
+by developing with gallic acid alone until the picture became tolerably
+distinct in all its parts, and then applying the gallo-nitrate, I have
+quite succeeded in obtaining first-rate negatives. It is well to prepare
+only a small quantity of aceto-nitrate at once, as the acetic acid is of a
+sufficiently volatile nature to escape from the solution, which is a not
+unfrequent cause of the general darkening of the picture. It would be well
+to substitute a more fixed acid for the acetic if this be practicable, as
+it is in the collodion process, where tartaric is recommended.
+
+H. C. COWLEY.
+
+Devizes, Wilts.
+
+_The Double Iodide Solution._--The great difference in the quantity of
+iodide of potassium ordered by different persons, to dissolve a given
+weight of iodide of silver in a given volume of water, has induced me to
+make some experiments on the subject. I find that using pure nitrate of
+silver, and perfectly pure iodide of potassium (part of a parcel for which
+Mr. Arnold, who manufactures iodine on a large scale in this island, got a
+medal at the Exhibition of 1851), the quantity of iodide of potassium
+required varies, _cæteris paribus_, to the extent of 15 per cent., with the
+quantity of water added to the iodide of silver before adding the iodide of
+potassium; the minimum required being when the two salts act on each other
+in as dry a form as possible. Take the precipitate of iodide of silver, got
+by decomposing 100 grains of nitrate of silver with 97.66 grains of iodide
+of potassium; drain off the last water completely, so that the precipitate
+occupies not more than five or six drachms by measure; throw on it 640
+grains of iodide of potassium; rapid solution ensues; when perfectly clear,
+add water up to four ounces: the solution remains unclouded. But if two or
+three ounces of water had been first poured on the iodide of silver, 680
+grains, as I stated in my former paper, would have been required, and
+perhaps 734. The _rationale_ is, I suppose, that in a concentrated form the
+salts act on each other with greater energy, and a smaller quantity of the
+solvent is required than if it is diluted. Many analogous cases occur in
+chemistry. I hope this little experiment will be useful to others, as a
+saving of 15 per cent. on the iodide of potassium is gained. As a large
+body of precipitated iodide of silver can be more completely drained than a
+smaller quantity, in practice it will be found that small precipitates
+require a few grains more than I have stated: thus, throw on the
+precipitate of iodide of silver (got from 150 grains of nitrate), drained
+dry, 960 grains of iodide of potassium; solution rapidly ensues, which,
+being made up to six ounces, the whole remains perfectly clear; whereas the
+iodide of silver thrown down from 50 grains of nitrate, similarly treated
+with 320 grains of iodide of potassium, and made up to two ounces (the
+proportional quantities), will probably require 10 or 15 grains more of
+iodide to effect perfect solution, the reason being that it contained a
+greater quantity of water _pro ratâ_ than the first.
+
+The following table, showing the exact quantities of iodide of potassium
+required to decompose 50, 100, and 150 grains of nitrate of silver, the
+resulting weight of iodide of silver, and the weight of iodide of potassium
+to make a clear solution up to 2, 4, and 6 ounces, will often be found
+useful:
+
+ _Grs._ _Grs._ _Grs._
+ Nitrate of silver 50 100 150
+ Iodide of potassium 48.83 97.66 146.49
+ Iodide of silver 68.82 137.64 206.46
+ Iodide of potassium 320 640 960
+ Water up to 2 oz. 4 oz. 6 oz.
+
+T. L. MANSELL, A.B., M.D.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+_Mounting Photographs_ (Vol. ix., p. 282.).--J. L. S. will find the
+"Indian-rubber glue," which is sold in tin cases, the simplest and cleanest
+substance for mounting positives; it also possesses the advantage of being
+free from the attacks of insects.
+
+SELEUCUS.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Books on Bells_ (Vol. ix., p. 240.).--Add to MR. ELLACOMBE'S curious list
+of books on bells the following:
+
+ "Duo Vota consultiva, unum de Campanis, alterum de Coemeteriis. In
+ quibus de utriusque antiquitate, {311} consecratione, usu et effectibus
+ plenè agitur, pluraque scitu dignissima ad propositi casus, aliorumque
+ in praxi, hac de re occurrentium decisionem, non injucunde adducuntur.
+ Auctore D. Augustino Barbosa, Protonotario Apostolico, Eminentissimorum
+ DD. Cardinalium Sacræ Congregationis Indicis Consultore, Abbate de
+ Mentrestido, ac insignis Ecclesiæ Vimarensis Thesaurario majore."
+ [4to., no place nor date.]
+
+I have here given the full title of a pamphlet of 112 pages, exclusive of
+title, which I purchased about twenty years since of Rodd, the honourable
+and intelligent bookseller of Great Newport Street. It came from the
+library of Professor J. F. Vandevelde of Louvaine. Some former possessor
+has written before the title, "Quamvis tantum libellus tamen rarissimus,"
+and it is, perhaps, the only copy in this country. It is not in the
+Bodleian catalogue, nor was it in Mr. Douce's library.
+
+P. B.
+
+_Medal in Honour of Chevalier St. George_ (Vol. ix., p. 105).--A. S.
+inquires about a medal supposed to have been struck in honour of Prince
+James (Chevalier St. George); but his account of it is so vague, that I am
+unable to answer his question. If he will describe the medal, or state the
+grounds upon which he supposes such a medal to have existed, I will
+endeavour to solve his doubts.
+
+H.
+
+_Dean Swift's Suspension_ (Vol. ix., p. 244).--I am surprised that ABHBA
+should express a belief that the circumstances of Swift's college
+punishment have not been noticed by _any of his biographers_, when every
+syllable of his communication is detailed (with original documentary
+proofs) in Dr. Barrett's _Early Life of Swift_, and is in substance
+repeated in Sir Walter Scott's _Life_, prefixed to Swift's works.
+
+C.
+
+"_Vanitatem observare_" (Vol. ix., p. 247).--I am sorry to have given your
+correspondent F. C. H. a wrong reference, and I am not _quite_ sure about
+the right one; but I think it is to a Latin translation of the Council of
+Laodicea, A.D. 366, c. 36.
+
+R. H. G.
+
+_Ballina Castle, Mayo_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--I have no idea to what place
+O. L. R. G. can allude as Ballina Castle; there is no place, ancient or
+modern, about that town, that has that name; and the only place with the
+title of castle in the neighborhood, is a gentleman's modern residence of
+no great pretensions either as to size or beauty. He perhaps alludes to
+Belleck Abbey, which is a fine building; but, notwithstanding its title, is
+of still more modern date than the so-called castle. I am not aware of any
+recent historical or descriptive work on the county generally. Cæsar Otway,
+Maxwell, and the _Saxon in Ireland_, have confined their descriptions to
+the "Wild West;" and the crowd of tourists appear to follow in their track,
+leaving the far finer central and eastern districts untouched. The
+first-named tourist appears to have projected another work on the county,
+but never published it.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Dorset_ (Vol. ix., p. 247.).--NARES gives various spellings, as _douset_,
+_dowset_, _doulcet_, but in all equally derived from _dulcet_, "sweet;" and
+Halliwell has "doucet drinkes;" so that the great Manchester philosopher
+had probably been indulging in a too copious libation of some sweet wine,
+which he styles "foolish Dorset."
+
+F. R. R.
+
+Dorchester beer had acquired a very great name, and was sent about England.
+Out of the shire it was called "Dorset Beer," or "Dorset." That town has
+lost its fame for brewing beer.
+
+G. R. L.
+
+_Judicial Rank hereditary_ (Vol. viii., p. 384.).--Such a list as your
+correspondent gives is not easily paralleled, it is true, in the judicial
+annals of England or Ireland; but in Scotland he might have found cases in
+considerable number to equal or surpass those which he mentions: for
+instance, in the family of Dundas of Arniston, respecting which I find the
+following note in the _Quarterly Review_, vol. lvii. p. 462.:
+
+ "The series is so remarkable, that we subjoin the details:--Sir James
+ Dundas, judge of the Court of Session, 1662; Robert Dundas, son of Sir
+ James, judge of the Court of Session from 1689 to 1727; Robert Dundas,
+ son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord Advocate, M.P.
+ for the county of Edinburgh, judge of the Court of Session 1737, Lord
+ President 1748, died in 1753 (father of Henry, Viscount Melville);
+ Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord
+ Advocate, and member for the county, Lord President from 1760 to 1787;
+ Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord
+ Advocate, Lord Chief Baron from 1801 to 1819; all these judges, except
+ the Chief Baron, had been known in Scotland by the title of Lord
+ Arniston. They were, we need hardly add, all men of talents, but the
+ two Lords President Arniston were of superior eminence in legal and
+ constitutional learning."
+
+The Hope family, and some other Scottish ones, present as numerous a
+display of legal dignitaries as the above; but the hereditary succession
+from father to son is perhaps not equalled, certainly not excelled, in any
+age or country. In fact, let the opponents of hereditary honours say what
+they will, there is no description of talent except the poetical that has
+not frequently remained in the same family for several generations
+unabated.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Tolling the Bell on leaving Church_ (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--In reply to
+J. H. M.'s Query, I beg to state that the chief reason for tolling the bell
+while the congregation is leaving church, is to {312} inform the
+parishioners who have not been able to attend in the morning, divine
+service will be celebrated in the afternoon. In scattered villages, or
+where a single clergyman had to perform the duties of more than one church,
+this was formerly quite requisite. At a neighbouring village of Tytherly,
+the custom is still observed, though no longer necessary.
+
+W. S.
+
+There is little doubt that priests in olden times were fond of hot dinners,
+and the bell at the conclusion of the service must have been intended as a
+warning to their cooks (and many others) to make ready the repast. This is
+merely a supposition; but I shall cherish the idea in the want of a better
+explanation. The custom has been, until very lately, observed in our little
+country church. There are other customs which are still kept up, namely,
+that of tolling the church bell at eight o'clock on Sunday morning, and
+again at nine, as well as that of ringing a small bell when the clergyman
+enters the reading-desk.
+
+E. W. J.
+
+Crawley, Winchester.
+
+I believe that the custom of tolling the bell when the congregation is
+leaving the church, is to notify that there will be another service in the
+day. This is certainly the reason in this parish (in Leicestershire); for
+after the second service the bell is not tolled, nor if, on any account,
+there is no afternoon service.
+
+S. S. S.
+
+When I was Lecturer of St. Andrew's, Enfield, the bells rang out a short
+peculiar peal immediately after Sunday Morning Prayer. I always thought it
+was probably designed to give notice to approaching funeral processions
+that the church service was over, as in the country burials--usually there
+always on Sundays--immediately follow the celebration of morning service.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+I beg to inform your correspondent J. H. M. that this is often done at
+Bray, near Maidenhead.
+
+NEWBURIENSIS.
+
+The custom observed at Olney Church after the morning service, I have
+heard, is to apprize the congregation of a vesper service to follow.
+
+W. P. STORER.
+
+Olney, Bucks.
+
+_Archpriest in the Diocese of Exeter_ (Vol. ix., p. 185.).--Besides the
+archpriest of Haccombe, there were others in the same diocese; but, to
+quote the words of Dr. Oliver, in his _Monasticon, Dioc. Exon._, p. 287.,
+
+ "He would claim no peculiar exemption from the jurisdiction of his
+ ordinary, nor of his archdeacon; he was precisely on the same footing
+ as the superiors of the archpresbyteries at Penkivell, Beerferris, and
+ Whitchurch, which were instituted in this diocese in the early part of
+ the fourteenth century. The foundation deed of the last was the model
+ in founding that of Haccombe."
+
+In the same work copies of the foundation deeds of the archipresbytery of
+Haccombe and Beer are printed.
+
+One would suppose that wherever there was a collegiate body of clergymen
+established for the purposes of the daily and nightly offices of the
+church, as chantry priests, that one of them would be considered the
+superior, or archipresbyter.
+
+Godolphin, in _Rep. Can._, 56., says that by the canon law, he that is
+archipresbyter is also called _dean_. Query, Would he then be other than
+"Primus inter pares?"
+
+Prince, in his _Worthies_, calls the Rector of Haccombe "a kind of
+chorepiscopus;" and in a note refers to Dr. Field _Of the Church_, lib. v.
+c. 37.
+
+With regard to the Vicar of Bibury (quoted by MR. SANSOM, "N. & Q.," Vol.
+ix., p. 185.), he founded his exemption from spiritual jurisdiction, I
+believe, upon his holding a _Peculiar_, and not as an archpriest.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Clyst St. George.
+
+_Dogs in Monumental Brasses_ (Vol. ix., p. 126.).--I have always understood
+(but I cannot say on any authority) that the dogs at the feet of monumental
+effigies of knights were symbolical of _fidelity_. That signification would
+certainly be very appropriate in monuments of _crusaders_, where, I
+believe, they are generally found. And I would suggest to MR. ALFORD, that
+the idea might not have been confined to fidelity in keeping the vow of the
+Cross, but might have been extended to other religious vows: in which case
+the ladies undoubtedly might sometimes claim the canine appendage to their
+effigies. The lion might perhaps symbolise _courage_, in which ladies are
+not commonly supposed to excel.
+
+M. H. R.
+
+_The Last of the Palæologi_ (Vol. v., pp. 173. 280. 357.).--The following
+scrap of information may be useful to L. L. L. and others, if too long a
+time has not gone by since the subject was under discussion. In _The List
+of the Army raised under the Command of his Excellency Robert Earle of
+Essex_, &c.: London, printed for John Partridge, 1642, of which I have seen
+a manuscript copy, the name of Theo. Palioligus occurs as Lieutenant in
+"The Lord Saint John's Regiment."
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Kirton in Lindsey.
+
+_Long Names_ (Vol. viii., pp. 539. 651.).--Allow me to add the following
+polysyllabic names to those supplied by your
+correspondents:--_Llanvairpwllgwyngyll_, a living in the diocese of Bangor,
+became vacant in March, 1850, by the death of its incumbent, the Rev.
+Richard Prichard, æt. {313} ninety-three. The labour of writing the name of
+his benefice does not seem to have shortened his days.
+
+The following are the names of two _employés_ in the finance department at
+Madrid:--_Don Epifanio Mirurzururdundua y Zengotita_; _Don Juan Nepomuceno
+de Burionagonatotorecagogeazcoecha_.
+
+There was, until 1851, a major in the British army named _Teyoninhokarawen_
+(one single name).
+
+G. L. S.
+
+_Elizabeth Seymour_ (Vol. ix., p. 174.).--According to Collins,--
+
+ "Sir E. Seymour, first baronet, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
+ Arthur Champeirion, of Dartington, co. Devon, by whom he had, besides
+ other issue, a daughter Elizabeth, who married George Cary, of
+ Cockington, co. Devon. Sir Edward Seymour, third baronet, married Anne,
+ daughter of Sir William Portman, and left, besides sons, a daughter,
+ also named Elizabeth, who married Sir Joseph Tredenham, of Tregony in
+ Cornwall, Knight."
+
+These two ladies, whose similarity of name probably caused the confusion,
+must have lived at least half a century apart.
+
+A. B.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Those who share the well-grounded opinion of Mr. Petit, that we cannot
+fully enter into the character of English architecture unless we give some
+attention also to French, German, and Italian, will gladly turn to the very
+profusely and handsomely-illustrated volume which he has just issued, under
+the modest title of _Architectural Studies in France_, by the Rev. J. L.
+Petit, M.A., F.S.A., _with Illustrations from Drawings_ by the Author and
+P. H. Delamotte. It is of course impossible, within the limits of our brief
+notice, to enter into any examination of Mr. Petit's views upon the subject
+of Gothic architecture, the principles of which he believes to have been
+more completely developed at an early period in England than anywhere else;
+and we must therefore content ourselves with directing attention to the
+book itself, which will in no small degree supply to the architectural
+student desirous of studying French buildings, the opportunity of doing so;
+and that too under the guidance of one well qualified to direct his steps.
+Mr. Petit has long been known to the antiquarian world as one of our
+greatest authorities on the subject of Gothic architecture; and his various
+papers, illustrated by his own bold yet effective sketches in the
+_Archæological Journal_, may have prepared some of our readers for a volume
+of great importance; yet we think even they will be surprised at the
+interest and beauty of the present book. Mr. Petit, who has had on this
+occasion the assistance of Mr. Delamotte as a draughtsman, expresses his
+hope that at some future time he may avail himself of that gentleman's
+skill as a photographer.
+
+There is, perhaps, no man of letters, no man of science, of whom the world
+possesses so unsatisfactory an account as Jerome Cardan. The author of
+_Palissy the Potter_ has therefore done good service, and executed a task
+worthy of himself, by _The life of Girolamo Cardano, of Milan, Physician_.
+In two small readable volumes, rich in all the characteristics of his own
+peculiar mode of treatment, Mr. Morley has given us not only a clear view
+of the life and character of Cardan, based on a diligent and careful
+examination of his voluminous writings--for Cardan reckoned that he had
+published one hundred and thirty-one books, and left in MS. nearly as
+many--but also a striking picture of the age in which he lived; and the
+work, which is one of great interest to the general reader, is made still
+more valuable to the literary antiquary by the accuracy with which Mr.
+Morley quotes his authorities.
+
+Some interesting manuscripts were sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson on
+Wednesday, the 22nd ultimo, including original letters by Blake, Penn,
+Monk, Nelson, and other of our most renowned admirals; and of Charles I.
+and Charles II., Oliver and Richard Cromwell, Desborough; and numerous
+autographs of Commonwealth celebrities. The chief lot was a letter from
+Cromwell to Pastor Cotton, in New England, written shortly after the battle
+of Worcester, in which he alludes to the difficulties he has experienced in
+treating with some of the Scotch party. Mr. Carlyle had not seen the
+original, but used the copy among the Arundel MSS. It was knocked down to
+Mr. Stevens, the American agent, for 36l. A printed broadsheet of the Peace
+of Breda sold for 3l. 7s. A letter of Richard Cromwell brought 4l. An
+autograph of Queen Bess brought 2l.; and one of Edward VI. brought 2l. 8s.
+Autographs of Mary are less common: one in this collection realised 3l. 7s.
+One of Nelson's letters to Lady Hamilton brought 2l. 2s. Altogether, the
+prices realised were good.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Lives of The Queens of England_, by Agnes Strickland,
+Vol. III. This new volume of the cheaper edition of Miss Strickland's
+popular regal biographies comprises the Lives of Jane Seymour, Anne of
+Cleves, Katherine Howard, Katherine Parr, and Mary.--_The Works of the Rt.
+Hon. Joseph Addison, with Notes by Bishop Hurd_, Vol. II., is the new
+volume of Bohn's _British Classics_, and comprises Addison's contributions
+to the _Tatler_ and _Spectator_.--In the same publisher's _Standard
+Library_, we have the third volume of his edition of Southey's _Works and
+Correspondence of Cowper_, which embraces his Letters between the years
+1783 and 1788.--_Cyclopædia Bibliographica_, Part XVIII., which extends
+from _Shepherd (Rev. E. J.)_ to _Surtees (Rev. Scott F.)_.--_Whitaker's
+Educational Register_, 1854. The work, which has undergone some
+modifications, is now confined altogether to Educational Statistics, of
+which it is a most valuable compendium.--_Remains of Pagan Saxondom_, by
+J. Y. Ackerman, Parts VIII. and IX. The contents of these numbers
+are:--Fragments from a Tumulus at Caenby, Lincolnshire; Fibula from
+Ingarsby, Leicestershire; Glass Drinking-vessels from Cemeteries in Kent;
+Fibulæ from Rugby, Warwickshire. The great peculiarity of this Series is,
+that the objects are drawn of the size of the originals; thus affording
+great facilities for comparing them with remains of similar character.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{314}
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+The Volume of the LONDON POLYGLOTT which contains the Prophets.
+Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
+
+CARLISLE ON GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
+
+THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+ALLISTER'S PARADIGMA CHESS OPENINGS.
+
+NATT'S SERMONS PREACHED AT ST. SEPULCHRE.
+
+ARMYTAGE'S (Rev. J., of Tidenham) SERMONS.
+
+MAYHEW'S LONDON LIFE AND LABOUR. Complete.
+
+NICHOLSON'S LECTURES ON HEZEKIAH.
+
+WALTON AND COTTON'S ANGLER. Edited by Sir H. Nicolas.
+
+ Wanted by _Mr. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+PENNY CYCLOPÆDIA. Part 92. (For September, 1840.)
+
+ Wanted by _A. Baden, Jun._, 1. Old Broad Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+LONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR. 44 various Numbers, several of many of
+them.
+
+KNIGHT'S NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA. 32 Parts.
+
+ALMANACK OF THE MONTH, by Gilbert A. A'Beckett. Jan., Feb., June, Sept.,
+and Dec., 1846.
+
+ Wanted by _Geo. Newbold_, 8. Regent Street, Vauxhall Road.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+AN ESSAY EXPLANATORY OF THE TEMPEST PROGNOSTICATOR IN THE BUILDING OF GREAT
+EXHIBITION. The last edition.
+
+ Wanted by _J. T. C._, care of Messrs. McGee & Co., Nassau Street, Dublin.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+THE FAMILY INSTRUCTOR, by De Foe. 2 Vols. 1841. Oxford, Talboys.
+
+ALLAN RAMSAY'S TEA-TABLE MISCELLANY. 1724.
+
+HAZLITT'S SELECT POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 1825.
+
+THE LADY'S POETICAL MAGAZINE, or Beauties of British Poets. 4 Vols. London,
+1781.
+
+THE HIVE, containing Vol. I. _First_ Edition. (3 Vols.)
+
+THE HIVE. Vol. III. 4th Edition. (Edition in 4 Vols.)
+
+LONDON MAGAZINE. Vols. after the year 1763.
+
+ Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+EVANS'S OLD BALLADS. Vol. I. 1810.
+
+Any of the Sermons, Tracts, &c., by the late Rev. A. G. Jewitt.
+
+HISTORY OF LINCOLN, by A. Jewitt.
+
+HOWITT'S GIPSY KING, and other Poems. Either one or two copies.
+
+ Wanted by _R. Keene_, Bookseller, Irongate, Derby.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+THE EPICURE'S ALMANACK FOR 1815.
+
+ Wanted by _George R. Corner_, 19. Tooley Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+A. J. N. (Birmingham). _Will this Correspondent let us see the papers
+respecting_ John Henderson?
+
+J. C. K. _The coin is a penny of Henry III., struck in London._
+
+MR. PINKERTON'_s letter has been forwarded to_ EIRIONNACH.
+
+F. C. J. _We cannot discover that James Murray, the second and last Earl of
+Annandale, was executed. The Earl joined Montrose after the battle of
+Kilsyth, and upon that heroic chieftain's defeat retired to England, where
+he died in 1658. At his death the titles of Annandale, Annand, and Murray
+of Lochmaben, became extinct, and those of Stormont and Scoon devolved on
+David, second Lord Balvaird, who married the Earl's widow. See the_ Earldom
+of Mansfield _in Burke's_ Peerage.
+
+SANDER'S HISTORY OF SHENSTONE.--_Will any reader of_ "N. & Q." _oblige me
+by lending me a copy of Sander's_ History of Shenstone? _Of course I would
+pay the carriage and expenses. A letter would find me directed_, CID, _Post
+Office, Stourbridge, Worcestershire._
+
+B. H. A. _For the derivation of_ Czar, _see our_ last Volume, pp. 150. 226.
+422.
+
+T. H. _On the Lord Mayor being a Privy Councillor, see our_ Fourth Volume
+passim.
+
+S. C. (Norwich). _The line_--
+
+ "When Greeks joined Greeks then was the tug of war"
+
+--_is from Lee's_ Alexander the Great.
+
+PISCATOR _will find ample illustration of_ "ampers and _and the character_
+&" _in our_ last Volume (8th), pp. 173. 223. 254. 327. 376. 524.
+
+A. BADEN, Jun., _will find that his Query respecting the pronunciation of_
+Tea _in Queen Anne's time, has already been treated of in the curious
+discussion on_ Irish Rhymes _in our_ 6th, 7th, and 8th Volumes.
+
+X. Y. Z. _Brother-german is a brother by the father's or mother's side, in
+contradistinction to a uterine brother, or by the mother only._
+
+E. H. McL. _Some examples of _wage_, the singular of _wages_, are given in
+Todd's_ Johnson: _consult also Richardson_, s. v.
+
+GALLO-NITRATE.--1. _We advise you to try the formula given in our former
+Number_ (Vol. vii., p. 324.) _for positives; 30 grains of nitrate of silver
+may do, but it is not very active._ 2. _A glass rod is inappropriate; it
+works up the albumen into a lather._ 3. _Towgood's paper will take the
+albumen very excellently. As we have often said before, when you may obtain
+certain excellent results from_ known good _formulæ, why waste your time
+upon uncertainties?_
+
+T. D. L. _If your bath contains the smallest portion of hypo., or any salt
+of iron, it is useless. Precipitate the silver with salt; collect and
+reduce it to its metallic state._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+GROSJEAN'S
+
+CELEBRATED TROWSERS,
+
+16s. per Pair.
+
+109. REGENT STREET.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises
+handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and
+Cots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
+Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with
+Furnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable
+Bedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete
+furnishing of a Bed Room.
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING,
+sent Free by Post.
+
+HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+SURPLICES.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply
+of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.
+
+PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE EMPRESS OF CHINA'S TEA.--Recommended by the Faculty for its purity, by
+the nobility and gentry for its choice quality (which is always the same)
+and by the trade for its general superiority and moderate price.
+
+MOORE & CO., 14. Little Tower Street. London. Sold retail at 27. COVENTRY
+ST., HAYMARKET, and by their Agents throughout the kingdom. Price 4s. 4d.
+per lb., in tins of various sizes. Agents wanted (tea-dealers only) where
+none are appointed.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{315}
+
+ARCHER'S REGISTERED FOLDING CAMERA.--This new form of Camera combines
+portability with the power of expansion, and is capable of taking pictures
+from 3×4 to 10×8, in the open air without a tent.
+
+It is made to contain the lens, baths, bottles, &c., necessary for an
+excursion, packed up and ready for use in an upright position.
+
+It is applicable to all the known processes in Photography.
+
+Further particulars can be obtained of Mr. Archer, 105. Great Russell
+Street, Bloomsbury, who supplies all other Apparatus necessary in
+Photography, Collodion, pure Chemicals, &c. Portraits on Glass.
+
+An assortment of Prints on Sale, Works of Art copied, &c. &c.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CLASSICAL MUSICAL LIBRARY--Subscribers are liberally supplied, on loan,
+with every description of New Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also
+at their disposal upwards of 3,000 volumes, including the Standard Operas,
+Italian, German, French, and English Songs, and all kinds of Instrumental
+Music. During the Term of Subscription, each Subscriber has the privilege
+of selecting--for his own property--from 100,000 different pieces, 3
+Guineas' worth of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on application.
+
+JULLIEN & CO., 214. Regent Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 30 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having fully examined the
+Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby,
+E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.
+Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,
+cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on
+application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+ £ s. d.
+ A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+ Process 1 1 0
+ Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0
+ A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+ (small size) 3 3 0
+ A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+ (larger size) 5 5 0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. New Bond Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Second-hand Camera for Sale, with Ross's 2½ inch lens,
+capable of taking pictures 8½ by 6½. Two double Shutters for paper, and one
+for Collodion, adjusting Front, &c. Price, 7l. 10s. For further particulars
+apply to MR. DIXEY, King's Road, Brighton.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.-MESSRS. A. MARION & CO. beg to inform the Artists and Amateurs
+that they are now ready to supply them with papers manufactured expressly
+for Photographic purposes; since it has been tried it has received the
+unanimous good opinion of the most successful operators.
+
+Positive and Negative (not prepared), Simple Salted, and Salted Albumenized
+Positive, Simple Waxed, and Waxed Iodized Negative, Gummed Paper, and Cards
+for Mounting Proofs.
+
+PAPETERIE MARION, 152. Regent Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHS Mounted and Framed in every Style, by E. FOX, 75A. Little
+Britain, City, Mounter to the Photographic Society, Polytechnic, and
+Photographic Institutions.
+
+E. F. begs to inform the Profession and Amateurs that from his great
+experience in Photograph Mounting, Framing, &c., he can guarantee perfect
+satisfaction both as regards Style and Price.
+
+Mounts and Passepartouts of every description.
+
+Price Lists sent on application.
+
+Gentlemen waited on at their residences.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+ _Directors._
+
+ H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+ T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.
+ G. H. Drew, Esq.
+ W. Evans, Esq.
+ W. Freeman, Esq.
+ F. Fuller, Esq.
+ J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+ T. Grissell, Esq.
+ J. Hunt, Esq.
+ J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+ E. Lucas, Esq.
+ J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+ J. B. White, Esq.
+ J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+ _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+ Esq.
+ _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+ _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+ Age £ s. d.
+ 17 1 14 4
+ 22 1 18 8
+ 27 2 4 5
+ 32 2 10 8
+ 37 2 18 6
+ 42 3 8 2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{316}
+
+WORKS PRINTED FOR WALTON & MABERLY,
+
+28. UPPER GOWER STREET, and 27. IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+COMPLETION OF A VOLUME.
+
+Now ready, VOLUME I., price 1s. 6d., in handsome boards,
+
+LARDNER'S MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART.--A Miscellany of Instructive and
+Amusing Tracts on the Physical Sciences, and on their Application to the
+Uses of Life. Illustrated by Engravings on Wood.
+
+ CONTENTS.
+
+ PART I., price 5d.
+ 1. The Planets; Are they Inhabited Globes?
+ 2. Weather Prognostics.
+ 3. The Planets. Chap. II.
+ 4. Popular Fallacies in Questions of Physical Science.
+
+ PART II., price 5d.
+ 5. Latitudes and Longitudes.
+ 6. The Planets. Chap. III.
+ 7. Lunar Influences.
+ 8. Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars. Chap. I.
+
+ PART III., price 6d.
+ 9. Railway Accidents. Chap. I.
+ 10. The Planets. Chap. IV.
+ 11. Meteoric Stones and Shooting Stars. Chap. II.
+ 12. Railway Accidents. Chap. II.
+ 13. Light.
+
+*** Continued in Weekly Numbers, Monthly Parts, and Quarterly Volumes.
+
+ "This series, besides affording popular but sound instruction on
+ scientific subjects, with which the humblest man in the country ought
+ to be acquainted, also undertakes that teaching of 'common things'
+ which Lord Ashburton and every well-wisher of his kind are anxious to
+ promote."--_The Times_, Feb. 9, 1854.
+
+ "A cheap and interesting publication, alike informing and attractive.
+ The papers combine subjects of importance with great scientific
+ knowledge, considerable inductive powers, and a popular style of
+ treatment."--_Spectator._
+
+Also, PART IV., price 5d., containing,
+
+ 14. Common Things. Air.
+ 15. Locomotion in America. Chap. I.
+ 16. Cometary Influences. Chap. I.
+ 17. Locomotion in America. Chap. II.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+THIRD COURSE OF DR. LARDNER'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
+
+This Day, 1 vol., 37 Plates, and 200 Woodcuts, price 16s. 6d.
+
+DR. LARDNER'S HANDBOOK of ASTRONOMY and METEOROLOGY. Being the Third Course
+of the "Handbook of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy."
+
+By the same Author.
+
+FIRST COURSE: MECHANICS, HYDROSTATICS, HYDRAULICS, PNEUMATICS, SOUND,
+OPTICS. 400 Woodcuts. Price 12s. 6d.
+
+SECOND COURSE: HEAT, COMMON ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM, VOLTAIC ELECTRICITY.
+200 Woodcuts. 8s. 6d.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+NEW WORK ON ARITHMETIC.
+
+12mo., 5s. cloth.
+
+A COURSE OF ARITHMETIC AS TAUGHT IN THE PESTALLOZZIAN SCHOOL, WORKSOP. By
+J. L. ELLENBERGER.
+
+ "A happy combination of theory and practice, containing explanation and
+ demonstration enough to afford wholesome mental discipline, and yet not
+ too difficult to be understood by pupils of average ability. In every
+ case the reason why a particular process is adopted in order to obtain
+ the desired result is clearly set forth."--_Athenæum._
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+PROFESSOR BOOLE'S NEW WORK.
+
+Just published, 8vo., 14s.,
+
+THE LAWS OF THOUGHT, on which are founded the Mathematical Theories of
+Logic and Probabilities. By GEORGE BOOLE, Professor of Mathematics in
+Queen's College, Cork.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Just published, fcp. 8vo., 1s. 9d.,
+
+EUCLID EXPLAINED.--The First Book of Euclid Explained to Beginners. By
+C. P. MASON, B.A., Fellow of University College, and Principal of Denmark
+Hill Grammar School.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.
+
+Just published, crown 8vo., 1s. sewed, 1s. 6d. cloth,
+
+BUSINESS AS IT IS AND AS IT MIGHT BE. By JOSEPH LYNDALL.
+
+This work obtained the prize of fifty guineas offered by the Young Men's
+Christian Association for the best Essay on the Evils of the Present System
+of Business, and the Difficulties they present to the Attainment and
+Development of Personal Piety, with Suggestions for their Removal.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Second Edition, 500 Woodcuts, 2l. 2s.,
+
+DR. WM. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. By various
+Writers. Medium 8vo.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+500 Woodcuts, 3 vols. medium 8vo., 5l. 15s. 6d.,
+
+DR. WM. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN BIOGRAPHY AND MYTHOLOGY. By
+various Writers.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+MR. QUAIN'S NEW WORK.
+
+Now ready, crown 8vo., with coloured Plates, 7s. 6d., cloth,
+
+DISEASES OF THE RECTUM. By RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S., Professor of Clinical
+Surgery in University College, and Surgeon to University College Hospital.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+COMPLETION OF THE FIRST VOLUME OF DR. SMITH'S DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY.
+
+Just completed, Volume I., price 1l. 16s., cloth, lettered,
+
+A DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. By Various Writers. Edited by
+DR. WILLIAM SMITH. Illustrated by numerous Engravings on Wood. To form two
+volumes. 8vo.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane; and JOHN
+MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+ITALIAN LANGUAGE.
+
+Just published, royal 18mo., price 3s. 6d. cloth,
+
+FIRST ITALIAN COURSE; being a Practical and Easy Method of Learning the
+Elements of the Italian Language. By W. BROWNRIGG SMITH, M.A., Second
+Classical Master of the City of London Schools.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Cheap Issue.--Fourth Edition.
+
+BOOK OF GENESIS IN ENGLISH HEBREW; accompanied by an Interlinear
+Translation, substantially the same as the authorised English version:
+Philological Notes and Grammatical Introduction. By W. GREENFIELD, M.R.A.S.
+8vo., 4s. 6d., cloth. With the original Text in Hebrew Characters at the
+end. 8vo., 6s. 6d., cloth.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+NIEBUHR'S NEW LECTURES.
+
+Just published, 2 vols. 8vo., 1l. 1s.
+
+NIEBUHR'S LECTURES on ANCIENT ETHNOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY; comprising Greece
+and her Colonies, Italy, the Islands of the Mediterranean, Spain, Gaul,
+Britain, Northern Africa, and Phoenicia. By DR. LEONHARD SCHMITZ, Rector of
+the High School of Edinburgh.
+
+ By the same Author,
+
+Niebuhr's Lectures on Ancient History: the Asiatic Nations, the Egyptians,
+Greeks, Carthaginians, and Macedonians. By Dr. L. Schmitz. 3 vols. 8vo.,
+1l. 11s. 6d.
+
+Niebuhr's Lectures on Roman History. By Leonhard Schmitz, Ph.D. New and
+Cheaper Edition. 3 vols. 8vo., 24s.
+
+Niebuhr's History of Rome. By Bishop Thirlwall, Archdeacon Hare, Dr. W.
+Smith, and Dr. Schmitz. Fourth and cheaper edition, 3 vols., 8vo., 36s.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+*** MESSRS. W. & M.'S CATALOGUE will be sent by Post (Free) to any one
+writing for it.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London: and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 1.
+1854.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 296, "a few parallel passages": 'paralled' in original.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 231, April
+1, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 28194-8.txt or 28194-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+ http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/1/9/28194/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
+paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works. See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+ the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+ you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is
+ owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+ has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+ Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments
+ must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+ prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+ returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+ sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+ address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+ the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+ you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+ does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+ License. You must require such a user to return or
+ destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+ and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+ Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+ money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+ electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+ of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+ distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+ Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+ Chief Executive and Director
+ gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+ http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2026-08-25 19:21:53 +0000